Language/Marathi/Vocabulary/Common-Verbs

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Marathi → Vocabulary → 0 to A1 Course → Common Verbs and Adjectives → Common Verbs

Introduction

Namaskar! (Hello!) Welcome to the lesson on common Marathi verbs. In this lesson, we will explore the world of verbs in Marathi, including their present, past, and future forms, and how to use them in sentences. Verbs are essential for expressing actions, states of being, and various other concepts. By learning common verbs, you will be able to communicate effectively in Marathi and express yourself with confidence.

Throughout this lesson, we will provide you with comprehensive explanations, numerous examples, and engaging exercises to help you grasp the concepts and apply them in real-life situations. So, let's dive into the fascinating world of Marathi verbs!

Common Verbs

Verbs are words that describe actions, occurrences, or states of being. In Marathi, verbs play a crucial role in constructing sentences and conveying meaning. They give life and movement to our language. In this section, we will introduce you to some common Marathi verbs and guide you through their usage in different tenses and sentence structures.

Present Tense

The present tense is used to describe actions happening at the current moment or habitual actions. In Marathi, the present tense of a verb is formed by adding specific suffixes to the verb stem. Let's take a look at some examples:

Marathi	Pronunciation	English Translation
खातो (khaato)	[kʰaːtoː]	eat (masculine singular)
खाते (khaate)	[kʰaːteː]	eat (masculine plural)
खाते (khaate)	[kʰaːteː]	eat (feminine singular/plural)
करतो (kartoo)	[kəɾtoː]	do (masculine singular)
करते (karte)	[kəɾteː]	do (masculine plural)
करते (karte)	[kəɾteː]	do (feminine singular/plural)

As you can see, the verb forms change based on the gender and number of the subject. The masculine singular form ends with -तो (-to), the masculine plural form ends with -ते (-te), and the feminine form ends with -ते (-te).

Here are some example sentences using verbs in the present tense:

• मी आपलं दुसऱं वाचतो. (Mee aaplaṁ dusraṁ vaachto) - I am reading another book.
• तू प्रतिदिन व्यायाम करतोस. (Tu pratidin vyaayam kartos) - You exercise every day.
• तुम्ही आपल्या कामांचं मदत करता का? (Tumhi aaplya kaamancha madat kartaa ka) - Do you help with our work?

Past Tense

The past tense is used to describe actions that have already happened in the past. In Marathi, the past tense of a verb is formed by adding specific suffixes to the verb stem. Let's take a look at some examples:

Marathi	Pronunciation	English Translation
खालोत (khaalot)	[kʰaːlot]	ate (masculine singular)
खाले (khaale)	[kʰaːle]	ate (masculine plural)
खाले (khaale)	[kʰaːle]	ate (feminine singular/plural)
केलोत (kelot)	[keːlot]	did (masculine singular)
केले (kele)	[keːle]	did (masculine plural)
केले (kele)	[keːle]	did (feminine singular/plural)

Similar to the present tense, the verb forms change based on the gender and number of the subject. The masculine singular form ends with -लोत (-lot), the masculine plural form ends with -ले (-le), and the feminine form ends with -ले (-le).

Here are some example sentences using verbs in the past tense:

• माझं आवडलं. (Maajha aavadlaṁ) - I liked it.
• तू कुठल्या मूळ विद्यापीठात शिकलास? (Tu kuthalya mool vidyaapeethaat shiklaas) - Where did you study originally?
• तुम्ही किती खर्च केले? (Tumhi kiti kharch kele) - How much did you spend?

Future Tense

The future tense is used to describe actions that will happen in the future. In Marathi, the future tense of a verb is formed by adding specific suffixes to the verb stem. Let's take a look at some examples:

Marathi	Pronunciation	English Translation
खाऊन (khaaun)	[kʰaːuɳ]	will eat (masculine singular)
खाताना (khaatana)	[kʰaːtaːnaː]	will eat (masculine plural)
खाताना (khaatana)	[kʰaːtaːnaː]	will eat (feminine singular/plural)
करण्यार (karaṇyaar)	[kaɾəɳjaːɾ]	will do (masculine singular)
करणार (karaṇaar)	[kaɾəɳaːɾ]	will do (masculine plural)
करणार (karaṇaar)	[kaɾəɳaːɾ]	will do (feminine singular/plural)

Just like the present and past tenses, the verb forms change based on the gender and number of the subject. The masculine singular form ends with -ऊन (-oon), the masculine plural form ends with -ताना (-taana), and the feminine form ends with -ताना (-taana).

Here are some example sentences using verbs in the future tense:

• माझं नातं तुमच्यासाठी राखून ठेवेन. (Maajha naat tumachyaasathi raakhun theven) - I will keep my promise for you.
• तू विद्यापीठात जाऊन पण सुखाने शिकणार आहेस. (Tu vidyaapeethaat jaun pan sukhane shiknaar aahes) - You will go to college and study happily.
• आपलं वर्षात त्याच्या शहरात जाणार नाही. (Aaplaṁ varshaat tyachya shaharaat jaṇaar naahi) - We will not go to his city this year.

Imperative Form

The imperative form of a verb is used to give commands, instructions, or requests. In Marathi, the imperative form of a verb is derived from the present tense verb form. Let's take a look at some examples:

Marathi	Pronunciation	English Translation
खा (khaa)	[kʰaː]	eat! (singular)
खाऊन घ्या (khaaun ghya)	[kʰaːuɳ ɡʱjaː]	eat! (plural)
कर (kar)	[kaɾ]	do! (singular)
करण्यार घ्या (karaṇyaar ghya)	[kaɾəɳjaːɾ ɡʱjaː]	do! (plural)

The singular imperative form is derived directly from the present tense verb form, while the plural imperative form is derived by adding -ऊन (-oon) to the verb stem. The plural form is used when addressing multiple people.

Here are some example sentences using verbs in the imperative form:

• आपलं सहकार्य करा. (Aaplaṁ sahakaarya kara) - Let's collaborate.
• तू खाऊन जा. (Tu khaaun jaa) - Go and eat.
• आपण त्याच्यावर काम करायला घ्या. (Aapaṇ tyachyaavar kaam karaayla ghya) - Let's make him work.

Cultural Insights

Marathi, being one of the major languages of India, is influenced by the diverse cultures and traditions present in the region. The usage and understanding of verbs in Marathi may vary based on the dialects spoken in different parts of Maharashtra. For example, in urban areas like Mumbai, the usage of verbs may have some similarities with Hindi and English due to the cosmopolitan nature of the city. However, in rural areas, the traditional Marathi language is preserved more strongly.

Marathi literature, dating back to the 13th century, has contributed significantly to the development and richness of the language. Prominent Marathi poets and writers, such as Sant Dnyaneshwar, Sant Tukaram, and Lokmanya Tilak, have used verbs to express deep emotions, philosophical ideas, and social commentary. Exploring Marathi literature can give you a deeper appreciation for the language and its cultural significance.

In Marathi cinema, verbs play a vital role in portraying different characters, their actions, and emotions. Marathi films, known for their realistic and socially-relevant storytelling, often showcase the power of verbs in capturing the essence of a scene or dialogue. Watching Marathi movies can provide you with a valuable cultural insight into the everyday usage of verbs in various contexts.

Exercises

Now, let's practice what you've learned! Complete the following exercises by using the appropriate verb forms in Marathi. We will provide you with the solutions and explanations afterward.

Exercise 1: Present Tense

1. Choose the correct verb form to complete the sentence:

तू रोज व्यायाम _______. (kar)

• जातोस (jaatos)
• करतोस (kartos)
• खातोस (khaatos)

2. Fill in the blank with the appropriate verb form:

मी आपलं दुसऱं पुस्तक _______. (vaach)

• वाचतो (vaachto)
• वाचतोस (vaachtos)
• वाचतोस (vaachtos)

3. Complete the sentence by choosing the correct verb form:

तुम्ही आपल्या कामांचं मदत _______ का? (kar)

• तोमांचं करता (tomancha karata)
• करता (karata)
• करतोस (kartos)

Exercise 2: Past Tense

1. Select the appropriate verb form to complete the sentence:

माझं आवडलं _______. (aavad)

• होतं (hot)
• होतो (hoto)
• आलं (aal)

2. Fill in the blank with the correct verb form:

तू कुठल्या मूळ विद्यापीठात _______? (shikl)

• शिकलास (shiklaas)
• शिकलोत (shikalot)
• शिकले (shikale)

3. Complete the sentence by choosing the appropriate verb form:

तुम्ही किती खर्च _______? (kel)

• केले (kele)
• केलोत (kelot)
• केले (kele)

Exercise 3: Future Tense

1. Choose the correct verb form to complete the sentence:

माझं नातं तुमच्यासाठी राखून _______. (thev)

• ठेवो (thevo)
• ठेवेन (theven)
• ठेवेल (thevel)

2. Fill in the blank with the appropriate verb form:

तू विद्यापीठात जाऊन पण सुखाने _______. (shikn)

• शिकणार आहेस (shiknaar aahes)
• शिकणार आहेसे (shiknaar aahese)
• शिकणार आहेसो (shiknaar aaheso)

3. Complete the sentence by choosing the correct verb form:

आपलं वर्षात त्याच्या शहरात _______ नाही. (ja)

• जावायला (jaavaayala)
• जालं (jaal)
• जाणार (jaṇaar)

Solutions

Exercise 1: Present Tense

1. तू रोज व्यायाम करतोस. (Tu roj vyaayam kartos) - You exercise daily. 2. मी आपलं दुसऱं पुस्तक वाचतोस. (Mee aaplaṁ dusraṁ pustak vaachtos) - I am reading another book. 3. तुम्ही आपल्या कामांचं मदत करता का? (Tumhi aaplya kaamancha madat kartaa ka) - Do you help with our work?

Exercise 2: Past Tense

1. माझं आवडलं होतं. (Maajha aavadlaṁ hot) - I liked it. 2. तू कुठल्या मूळ विद्यापीठात शिकलास? (Tu kuthalya mool vidyaapeethaat shiklaas) - Where did you study originally? 3. तुम्ही किती खर्च केले? (Tumhi kiti kharch kele) - How much did you spend?

Exercise 3: Future Tense

1. माझं नातं तुमच्यासाठी राखून ठेवेन. (Maajha naat tumachyaasathi raakhun theven) - I will keep my promise for you. 2. तू विद्यापीठात जाऊन पण सुखाने शिकणार आहेस. (Tu vidyaapeethaat jaun pan sukhane shiknaar aahes) - You will go to college and study happily. 3. आपलं वर्षात त्याच्या शहरात जाणार नाही. (Aaplaṁ varshaat tyachya shaharaat jaṇaar naahi) - We will not go to his city this year.

Congratulations! You have completed the exercises successfully. Keep practicing to reinforce your understanding of Marathi verbs and their usage in different tenses.

Table of Contents - Marathi Course - 0 to A1

• Course Presentation

  ---

Basic Greetings and Introductions

• Greetings
• Introductions

  ---

Basic Sentence Structure

• Subject-Object-Verb
• Negation

  ---

Numbers and Time

• Numbers 1-20
• Telling Time

  ---

Nouns and Pronouns

• Nouns
• Pronouns

  ---

Common Verbs and Adjectives

• Common Verbs
• Common Adjectives

  ---

Questions and Answers

• Question Words
• Answering Questions

  ---

Food and Dining

• Food Vocabulary
• Dining Phrases

  ---

Marathi Festivals and Traditions

• Festivals
• Traditions

  ---

Travel and Transportation

• Transportation Vocabulary
• Accommodation Vocabulary

  ---

Prepositions and Conjunctions

• Prepositions
• Conjunctions

  ---

Family and Relationships

• Family Members
• Relationship Phrases

  ---

Marathi Literature and Cinema

• Literature
• Cinema

Sources

• Marathi language - Wikipedia
• Verbs in Marathi - Learn Marathi With Kaushik
• 25 Basic Marathi Words to Know in English

Other Lessons

• Languages (bhasha भाषा)
• Numbers 1 20
• Feelings and Emotions
• Seasons
• Count to 10
• Family Members
• Family
• Travel and tourism
• Animals
• Telling Time

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