Language/Judeo-iraqi-arabic/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have
Hi Judeo-Iraqi Arabic learners! 😊
In this lesson, you will learn how to use the verb "to have" in Judeo-Iraqi Arabic. We'll cover the basic structure of the verb in the present and past tense as well as its use in questions and negations. We'll also provide useful examples to help you understand better how to use this verb in real-life situations.
Take some time to dive into these other pages after completing this lesson: Questions & Negation.
Introduction[edit | edit source]
The verb "have" is one of the most important verbs in any language. It is used to indicate possession or ownership, and it's essential to be able to use this verb in everyday communication. In Judeo-Iraqi Arabic, the verb "have" is translated as "عندي" (ʕandī), and it's conjugated depending on the subject of the sentence. Today, we are going to learn how to use this verb in different forms and tenses.
Before we start, make sure that you have a basic understanding of the Judeo-Iraqi Arabic grammar and you are familiar with the Arabic script.
If you want to practice what you learn here, you can use the Polyglot Club website. Find native speakers and ask them any questions!
The verb "to have" in the present tense[edit | edit source]
In Judeo-Iraqi Arabic, the verb "to have" is conjugated as follows in the present tense:
| Judeo-Iraqi Arabic | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| عندي ענדּי | ʕendi | I have |
| عندك ענדּךּ | ʕendak | You have (to a male) |
| عندكي ענדּכּי | ʕendki | You have (to a female) |
| عندو ענדּו | ʕendu | He has |
| عندها ענדּה | ʕenda | She has |
| عندنا ענדּנא | ʕe(n)dna | We have |
| عندكِم ענדּכּם | ʕendkəm | You have (plural) |
| عندِم ענדּם | ʕendəm | They have |
Here are some examples of how to use the verb "to have" in the present tense:
- Example 1:
- Example 2:
As you can see from the examples above, the structure of the sentence is straightforward. The verb "to have" is used in the present tense followed by the object that is being possessed.
The verb "to have" in the past tense[edit | edit source]
In Judeo-Iraqi Arabic, the verb "to have" is formed in the past tense by adding (ka:n "was") before the particle (ʕend) shown above.
| Judeo-Iraqi Arabic | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| كان عندي כּאן ענדּי | ka:n ʕendi | I had |
| كان عندك כּאן ענדּךּ | ka:n ʕendak | You had (to a male) |
| كان عندكي כּאן ענדּכּי | ka:n ʕendki | You had (to a female) |
| كان عندو כּאן ענדּו | ka:n ʕendu | He had |
| كان عندها כּאן ענדּה | ka:n ʕenda | She had |
| كان عندنا כּאן ענדּנא | ka:n ʕe(n)dna | We had |
| كان عندكِم כּאן ענדּכּם | ka:n ʕendkəm | You had (plural) |
| كان عندِم כּאן ענדּם | ka:n ʕendəm | They had (male) |
Here are some examples of how to use the verb "to have" in the past tense:
- Example 1:
- Example 2:
As you can see from the examples above, the verb "to have" is used in the past tense in the same way as in the present tense, only the conjugation of the verb is different.
Using "have" in questions and negations[edit | edit source]
To ask questions or make negations using the verb "to have" in Judeo-Iraqi Arabic, we add specific particles to the sentence. For example, to make a question, we add the particle "هل" (hal) before the sentence, and for negations, we add the particle "لا" (lā). Let's take a look at some examples:
- Example 1:
* Question: هل عندك بطاطس؟ (Hal ʕandak baṭāṭis?) (Do you have potatoes?) * Negation: لا، ما عندي بطاطس. (Lā, mā ʕandī baṭāṭis) (No, I don't have potatoes.)
- Example 2:
* Question: هل عندنا ماء؟ (Hal ʕandnā māʔ?) (Do we have water?) * Negation: لا، ما عندنا ماء. (Lā, mā ʕandnā māʔ) (No, we don't have water.)
As you can see, using particles like "هل" (hal) and "لا" (lā) in the sentence is essential when asking questions or making negations in Judeo-Iraqi Arabic.
Dialogue[edit | edit source]
Let's see a dialogue between two friends about their houses:
- Person 1: عندك بيت كبير؟ (ʕandak bayt kabīr?) (Do you have a big house?)
- Person 2: نعم، عندي بيت كبير جداً. (Naʕam, ʕandī bayt kabīr jiddan.) (Yes, I have a very big house.)
- Person 1: كم غرفة في البيت؟ (Kam ghurafah fī al-bayt?) (How many rooms are in the house?)
- Person 2: عندي خمس غرف. (ʕandī khams ghuraf.) (I have five rooms.)
Conclusion[edit | edit source]
In this lesson, we learned how to use the verb "to have" in Judeo-Iraqi Arabic in the present and past tense. We also learned how to use this verb in questions and negations. Remember to practice as much as you can and try to use the verb in real-life situations to become more fluent.
➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.
➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
Well done on mastering this lesson! Don't miss these related pages to expand your knowledge: How to Use Be & Adjectives.