https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Vincent&feedformat=atomPolyglot Club WIKI - User contributions [en]2024-03-29T13:11:52ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.37.2https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/Haitian/Vocabulary/Colors&diff=292129Language/Haitian/Vocabulary/Colors2024-03-24T19:30:00Z<p>Vincent: Reverted edits by 73.178.187.32 (talk) to last revision by Maintenance script</p>
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<div><br />
{{Haitian-Page-Top}}<br />
<br />
<div class="pg_page_title">Haitian Vocabulary - Colors</div><br />
<br />
Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/haitian Haitian] learners! 😊<br>In this lesson, we will learn the names of colors in Haitian. Colors are an essential part of our daily lives. We use them to express ourselves, decorate our homes, and add meaning to our clothes.<br />
<br />
If you want to improve your Haitian Vocabulary, you can also use the [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] website. [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=2381 Find native speakers] and ask them any questions!<br />
<br />
__TOC__<br />
<br />
== Basic Colors ==<br />
<br />
Let's start with the basic colors in Haitian:<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Haitian !! Pronunciation !! English<br />
|-<br />
| wouj || [wuʒ] || red<br />
|-<br />
| jòn || [ʒɔ̃] || yellow<br />
|-<br />
| vèt || [vɛt] || green<br />
|-<br />
| ble || [blɛ] || blue <br />
|-<br />
| wouj ak nwa || [wuʒ ak nwa] || black and red<br />
|}<br />
<br />
Some interesting facts about these basic colors: <br />
<br />
- Red is a popular color in Haitian culture because it represents strength and power.<br />
<br />
- Yellow is often used to symbolize wealth, prosperity, or good luck.<br />
<br />
- Green is associated with nature, growth, and fertility in Haitian culture.<br />
<br />
- Blue is often used in clothing and accessories to ward off evil spirits and protect oneself from harm.<br />
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- "Wouj ak nwa" literally means "red with black" and is often used to describe the colors of the Haitian flag, which is a symbol of national pride and unity.<br />
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== Other Colors ==<br />
<br />
Here are some other colors in Haitian:<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Haitian !! Pronunciation !! English<br />
|-<br />
| lal || [lal] || crimson<br />
|-<br />
| ròz || [rɔz] || pink<br />
|-<br />
| mawon || [maʊɔ̃] || brown <br />
|-<br />
| gris || [gri] || gray<br />
|-<br />
| blan || [blan] || white <br />
|-<br />
| sentòm || [sɑ̃tɔm] || orange <br />
|-<br />
| nwaj || [nwaj] || beige <br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Using Colors in Haitian Culture ==<br />
<br />
Colors play an important role in Haitian culture. They are often used in clothing, art, and celebrations. For example, during Carnaval, a festival that takes place before Lent, people dress up in colorful costumes and masks to celebrate and have fun.<br />
<br />
Here's a dialogue to help you practice:<br />
<br />
* Person 1: Kilè karnaval la kòmanse? (When does Carnaval start?)<br />
* Person 2: Karnaval la kòmanse nan mwa fevrye a. W'ap mete ki koulè? (Carnaval starts in February. What color are you going to wear?)<br />
* Person 1: Mwen p'ap mete wouj ak nwa, paske se koulè peyi mwen an. (I'm going to wear red and black because it's the colors of my country.)<br />
<br />
== Conclusion ==<br />
<br />
In this lesson, we learned the names of colors in Haitian and how they are used in Haitian culture. Remember, the best way to learn a new language is to practice with native speakers. [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=2381 Find native speakers] and ask them any [[:Category:Haitian/Question|questions]] you may have!<br />
<br />
<hr>➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎<br />
<br />
<span link>Now that you've completed this lesson, don't stop learning! Check out these related topics:[[Language/Haitian/Vocabulary/Greetings|Greetings]], [[Language/Haitian/Vocabulary/How-to-Say-Hello-and-Greetings|Say Hello and Greetings in Haitian]], [[Language/Haitian/Vocabulary/Days-of-the-Week|Days of the Week]] & [[Language/Haitian/Vocabulary/Nationalities-and-Languages|Nationalities and Languages]].</span> <br />
{{#seo:<br />
|title=Haitian Vocabulary - Colors<br />
|keywords=Haitian colors, Haitian vocabulary, colors in Haitian culture<br />
|description=In this lesson, you will learn the names of colors in Haitian and how they are used in Haitian culture.<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Videos==<br />
<br />
===Colors in Haitian Creole#colors#vocabulary#haitiancreator ...===<br />
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4WiTMJWJ8lI</youtube><br />
<br />
==Other Lessons==<br />
* [[Language/Haitian/Vocabulary/Useful-Phrases|Useful Phrases]]<br />
* [[Language/Haitian/Vocabulary/Fruits|Fruits]]<br />
* [[Language/Haitian/Vocabulary/Numbers|Numbers]]<br />
* [[Language/Haitian/Vocabulary/How-to-say-Good-Bye?|How to say Good Bye?]]<br />
* [[Language/Haitian/Vocabulary/Parts-of-the-Body|Parts of the Body]]<br />
* [[Language/Haitian/Vocabulary/Health|Health]]<br />
* [[Language/Haitian/Vocabulary/Clothes|Clothes]]<br />
* [[Language/Haitian/Vocabulary/How-to-Say-Hello-and-Greetings|How to Say Hello and Greetings]]<br />
* [[Language/Haitian/Vocabulary/Count-to-10|Count to 10]]<br />
<br />
<span class='maj'></span><br />
==Sources==<br />
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haitian_Creole_vocabulary Haitian Creole vocabulary - Wikipedia]<br />
* [https://www.amazon.com/First-Words-Haitian-Toddlers-Numbers/dp/B095GJVXCV First Words: Haitian Creole for Toddlers (Colors ... - Amazon.com]<br />
* [https://www.pinterest.com/pin/502855114638817633/ All of the Colors in Haitian Creole #languagesolutions ...]<br />
<br />
{{Haitian-Page-Bottom}}<br />
<span links></span></div>Vincenthttps://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/Spanish/Grammar/Por-vs-Para/cs&diff=292128Language/Spanish/Grammar/Por-vs-Para/cs2024-03-24T19:27:32Z<p>Vincent: Reverted edits by 213.168.185.194 (talk) to last revision by Milste</p>
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<div><br />
<div><span class="notranslate">"POR"</span>a <span class="notranslate"> "PARA" </span> ve španělštině: jak se zmást?</div><br />
V dnešní lekci, studujeme něco, co se může zdát obtížné pro mnoho [https://polyglotclub.com/language/spanish španělských] studujících:<br />
<br />
Kdy byste měli použít <span class="notranslate"> "POR" </span> nebo <span class="notranslate"> "PARA" </span>?<br />
<br />
<br />
Pojďme se objevit, společně, jak se vyhnout matoucí těchto dvou slov a vyhnout se mnoha chybám!<br />
<br />
* <span class="notranslate">"POR"</span>: odkazuje na příčinu. Příčinou je důvod pro akci vyrábějící výsledek. Můžeme použít následující anglický výraz: <span class="notranslate"> "due to" </span>.<br />
* <span class="notranslate">"PARA"</span>: používá se k vyjádření účelu. Účelem je objekt, který má být dosaženo nebo cíl. Můžeme použít následující anglický výraz: <span class="notranslate"> "in order to" </span>.<br />
<br />
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[[File:Por_vs._Para_Spanish.png|none|thumb]]<br />
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<br />
<br />
<!--ms--><br />
Mám 2 špatné zprávy:<br />
<br />
# Existují výjimky z tohoto pravidla! Jinak by to bylo příliš snadné!<span class="notranslate">:)</span><br />
# Jediný způsob, jak zvládnout tyto výjimky je naučit se jim nazpaměť a postupně.<br />
<br />
Jako obvykle, nemyslete si přečíst tuto lekci a mají definitivně vyřešit tento problém.<br />
<br />
Naučím tě, aby ses změnil mezi těmi dvěma slovy.<br />
<br />
Navrhuji, abyste si popsal všechny problémy, se kterými se setkáte. To vám pomůže zapamatovat si maličko.<br />
<br />
Začněme se učit!<br />
<br />
== <span class="notranslate">"POR"</span> ==<br />
<br />
=== Člen určitý být příčinou ===<br />
<br />
* <span class="notranslate">Es famoso por su canción</span><br />
<br />
<blockquote>Je známý díky této písni<br><br />
</blockquote><!--ms--><br />
<br />
=== Průchod mezerou ===<br />
"<span class="notranslate">pasar por</span>"<br />
<br />
* <span class="notranslate">él pasó por aquí</span><br />
<br />
<blockquote>Prošel sem</blockquote><br />
<br />
=== Čas dne ===<br />
"<span class="notranslate">por la mañana, por la tarde, por la noche.</span>"<br />
<br />
* <span class="notranslate">Por la mañana, suelo desayunar mucho.</span><br />
<br />
<blockquote>Ráno obvykle jím hodně na snídani</blockquote><br />
<br />
<br />
=== Pocit ===<br />
<br />
* <span class="notranslate">Me apasiono por el español.</span><br />
<br />
<blockquote>Jsem vášnivý španělský jazyk</blockquote><br />
<br />
* <span class="notranslate">Tengo asco por el alemán.</span><br />
<br />
<blockquote>Jsem znechucen německým jazykem</blockquote><br />
<br />
=== Cena ===<br />
<br />
* <span class="notranslate">Lo he comprado por diez euros.</span><br />
<br />
<blockquote>Koupil jsem ho za deset EUR</blockquote><br />
<br />
=== Díky za něco ===<br />
"Díky za" bude vždy přeložen<span class="notranslate">"gracias por"</span><br />
<br />
* <span class="notranslate">Gracias por leer este artículo.</span><br />
<br />
<blockquote>Díky za čtení tohoto článku</blockquote><br />
<br />
<br />
<!--ms--><br />
<br />
=== Slovesa vždy následovaná<span class="notranslate">"por"</span> ===<br />
<br />
==== Příklady: ====<br />
<br />
* <span class="notranslate">Me preocupo por tu salud</span><br />
<br />
<blockquote>Obávám se o vaše zdraví</blockquote><br />
<br />
* <span class="notranslate">Me intereso por tu historia.</span><br />
<br />
<blockquote>Zajímám se o váš příběh</blockquote><br />
<br />
* <span class="notranslate">Disculpa por el retraso</span><br />
<br />
<blockquote>Omlouvám se za zpoždění</blockquote><br />
<br />
==== Seznamu ====<br />
<br />
<br />
<!--ms--><br />
<br />
<nowiki> </nowiki>Ve španělštině <br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!<br />
!Anglický<br />
|-<br />
|<span class="notranslate">afanarse por</span><br />
|usilovat o<br />
|-<br />
|<span class="notranslate">asustarse por</span><br />
|se bát o<br />
|-<br />
|<span class="notranslate">cambiar por</span><br />
|k výměně za<br />
|-<br />
|<span class="notranslate">comenzar por</span><br />
|Chcete-li začít s<br />
|-<br />
|<span class="notranslate">decidirse por</span><br />
|se rozhodnout o<br />
|-<br />
|<span class="notranslate">desvelarse por</span><br />
|být velmi znepokojen<br />
|-<br />
|<span class="notranslate">disculparse por</span><br />
|se omluvit za<br />
|-<br />
|<span class="notranslate">esforzarse por</span><br />
|se snaží<br />
|-<br />
|<span class="notranslate">estar por</span><br />
|Chcete-li být ve prospěch<br />
|-<br />
|<span class="notranslate">interesarse por</span><br />
|Chcete-li mít zájem<br />
|-<br />
|<span class="notranslate">jurar por</span><br />
|přísahat od<br />
|-<br />
|<span class="notranslate">luchar por</span><br />
|k boji za<br />
|-<br />
|<span class="notranslate">molestarse por</span><br />
|se obtěžovat o<br />
|-<br />
|<span class="notranslate">optar por</span><br />
|se rozhodnout pro<br />
|-<br />
|<span class="notranslate">pagar por</span><br />
|až k mzda s<br />
|-<br />
|<span class="notranslate">preguntar por</span><br />
|se zeptat<br />
|-<br />
|<span class="notranslate">preocuparse por</span><br />
|se starat o<br />
|-<br />
|<span class="notranslate">rezar por</span><br />
|se modlit za<br />
|-<br />
|<span class="notranslate">salir por</span><br />
|na dovolenou přes<br />
|-<br />
|<span class="notranslate">ser decidido por</span><br />
|rozhodnout<br />
|-<br />
|<span class="notranslate">tomar por</span><br />
|k tomu, aby<br />
|-<br />
|<span class="notranslate">viajar por (tren, autobús)</span><br />
|cestovat (vlak, autobus)<br />
|-<br />
|<span class="notranslate">votar por</span><br />
|hlasovat pro<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<!--ms-->== <span class="notranslate">"PARA"</span> ==<br />
<br />
=== Účel ===<br />
<br />
* <span class="notranslate">El regalo es para los lectores del blog.</span><br />
<br />
<blockquote>Dárek je pro čtenáře blogu.</blockquote><br />
<br />
=== Cílem ===<br />
<br />
* <span class="notranslate">Para practicar español, no es necesario vivir en un país hispanohablante.</span><br />
<br />
<blockquote>Chcete-li se naučit španělsky, nemusíte žít ve španělské mluvící zemi.</blockquote><br />
<br />
=== Příjemce ===<br />
<br />
* <span class="notranslate">Este regalo es para ti.</span><br />
<br />
<blockquote>Tento dárek je pro vás</blockquote><br />
<br />
=== úhel pohledu ===<br />
<br />
* <span class="notranslate">Para mí, es importante viajar.</span><br />
<br />
<blockquote>Pro mě je důležité cestovat.</blockquote><br />
<br />
=== plánované datum ===<br />
<br />
* <span class="notranslate">Para el 20 de mayo, hay que aprender esta lección.</span><br />
<br />
<blockquote>Pro květen 20, musíte se naučit tuto lekci.</blockquote><br />
<br />
=== Výrazy používající "para" ===<br />
<br />
==== <span class="notranslate">"estar para"</span> ====<br />
Tento výraz se používá k označení akce, která má být realizována:<br />
<br />
* <span class="notranslate">Estamos para terminar la lección de hoy.</span><br />
<br />
<blockquote>Chystáme se dokončit dnešní lekci.</blockquote><br />
<br />
==== Seznam výrazů ====<br />
<br />
<br />
<!--ms--><br />
<br />
<nowiki> </nowiki>Ve španělštině <br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!<br />
!Anglický<br />
|-<br />
|<span class="notranslate">para abajo</span><br />
|dolů, dolů<br />
|-<br />
|<span class="notranslate">para adelante</span><br />
|Vpřed<br />
|-<br />
|<span class="notranslate">para detrás</span><br />
|Zpětně<br />
|-<br />
|<span class="notranslate">para entonces</span><br />
|do té doby<br />
|-<br />
|<span class="notranslate">para esa época</span><br />
|do té doby<br />
|-<br />
|<span class="notranslate">para otra vez</span><br />
|pro další příležitosti<br />
|-<br />
|<span class="notranslate">para que</span><br />
|tak, aby<br />
|-<br />
|<span class="notranslate">para qué</span><br />
|Proč za jakým účelem<br />
|-<br />
|<span class="notranslate">para siempre</span><br />
|Navždy<br />
|-<br />
|<span class="notranslate">para variar</span><br />
|jen pro změnu<br />
|-<br />
|<span class="notranslate">ser tal para cual</span><br />
|Chcete-li být dva svého druhu<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<!--ms-->== Videa ==<br />
<span class="notranslate"><youtube>RfMRC-y9LxQ</youtube></span><br />
<br />
== Zdrojů ==<br />
<span class="notranslate">https://espagnol-pas-a-pas.fr/por-et-para-comment-enfin-ne-plus-les-confondre/</span><br />
<br />
<span class="notranslate">https://www.fluentu.com/blog/spanish/spanish-verbs-with-prepositions/</span><br />
<br />
<span class="notranslate">https://www.lawlessspanish.com/grammar/verbs/verbs-with-por/</span><br />
<br />
<span class="notranslate">https://www.spanishdict.com/guide/expressions-with-por-and-para/</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<!--ms-->{{#seo:<br />
|title=Por a para ve španělštině<br />
|keywords=rozdíl, pochopit, příklady, fráze, sentenses, para, por<br />
|description=V této lekci se naučíte, kdy použít para nebo por ve španělštině.<br />
|og:image=https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/images/thumb/7/75/Por_vs._Para_Spanish.png/800px-Por_vs._Para_Spanish.png<br />
}}</div>Vincenthttps://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/Ancient-greek-to-1453/Culture/Amphidromia-Ceremony-birth-of-a-child&diff=292127Language/Ancient-greek-to-1453/Culture/Amphidromia-Ceremony-birth-of-a-child2024-03-24T19:27:04Z<p>Vincent: Reverted edits by 199.184.125.1 (talk) to last revision by Maintenance script</p>
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<div>[[File:red-figure-kylix-brussels_wl.jpg|thumb]]<br />
<div class="pg_page_title">Amphidromia : ceremony in honor of the birth of a child</div><br />
__TOC__<br />
This lesson discusses the various known rites and superstitions associated with oikos. It begins with the home-centered rituals and continues with others that take place in the home. A discussion of the ancient Greek conception of ritual pollution, or miasma, which is often directly related to several domestic rites and Ilithyie (in ancient Greek Εἰλείθυια / Eileíthuia) the goddess of childbirth. She corresponds to Lucine in Roman mythology.<br />
<br />
<span link>Once you've mastered this lesson, take a look at these related pages:</span> [[Language/Ancient-greek-to-1453/Culture/Timeline-of-ancient-Greece|Timeline of ancient Greece]], [[Language/Ancient-greek-to-1453/Culture/Gamos-%E2%80%93-Marriage|Gamos – Marriage]], [[Language/Ancient-greek-to-1453/Culture/Gamos-–-Marriage|Gamos – Marriage]] & [[Language/Ancient-greek-to-1453/Culture/Ancient-Greek-Diplomacy|Ancient Greek Diplomacy]]. <br />
==The Sacred Hearth==<br />
Hestia, literally and figuratively stands at the center of domestic religion. It appears that her worship occupied an important place in domestic worship and manifested itself in rituals focused on the physical embodiment of Hestia, the home.<br />
<br />
Three home-centered rituals are associated with the transitional stages of life: birth, marriage and death.<br />
<br />
==Amphidromia : ceremony in honor of the birth of a child==<br />
<br />
In many homes, ancient and modern, a newborn baby must go through an initiation rite to be accepted. Rites such as a baptism, appointment or other ritual. In ancient Athens, if a baby survived its first few days of life, the household performed amphidromy, a ceremony that welcomed the child into the oikos and presented it to the deities. On the fifth or tenth day after birth (there is an "unfortunate tangle of contradictory and deficient lexicographic evidence" regarding the day the amphidroma occurred), the child was carried running around the family home. It is said that this exposed the child to the "beneficent radiance of Hestia" and emphasized the bond between the baby and the adults who were to be its parents. Also on this day, those involved in the birth performed ritual washing. The aim was to eradicate the pollution of births. It is claimed that the amphidromy probably served to symbolically unite the newborn to the sacred center of the house, much like the katachysmata, a ritual that was used to join newly purchased wives and slaves in their new homes. Later in the life of a male child, he would become a member of other social units outside of the oikos, such as the deme and the phratry. '' 'The amphidromy' '', a domestic ritual, reflects the public rites that accompany acceptance into these extra-oikos social groups.<br />
<br />
The importance is first of all social, because taking care of the child implies that it is declared viable, that it is accepted by the parents and that the family begins to be optimistic. Second, it initiates the child into earthly life through contact with elements such as water. The traces of uterine life are washed away: the special coating of the skin of the newborn is gently rubbed with fine salt, the midwife wrings out the mucus from the nose, cleans the mouth and ears, she also dilates the anus in order to stimulate the excretion of meconium. With the first bath, a first pass is therefore to some extent completed; the child is physically separated from uterine life and is accepted into the family group.<br />
<br />
=='''PODCAST''' - From Childbirth to Adolescence ==<br />
In this episode we discuss what it was like in ancient Athens for a young girl or boy from birth through adolescence, looking at childbirth, childhood, the different rites of passage that they must go through to become adolescents, the paideia education system (old and new) and finally the training that young boys have undertaken in order to be accepted as a hoplite citizen warrior.<br />
<br />
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NOdi12GTP7o</youtube><br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
* https://etd.ohiolink.edu/apexprod/rws_etd/send_file/send?accession=ucin1155647034&disposition=inline<br />
<br />
{{Marianthi-Signature}}<br />
<br />
==Other Lessons==<br />
* [[Language/Ancient-greek-to-1453/Culture/Greek-Philosopher-quotes|Greek Philosopher quotes]]<br />
* [[Language/Ancient-greek-to-1453/Culture/Historical-personalities|Historical personalities]]<br />
* [[Language/Ancient-greek-to-1453/Culture/Ancient-Greek-funeral-and-burial-practices|Ancient Greek funeral and burial practices]]<br />
* [[Language/Ancient-greek-to-1453/Culture/Ancient-Greek-first-names-for-tattoos|Ancient Greek first names for tattoos]]<br />
* [[Language/Ancient-greek-to-1453/Culture/Timeline-of-ancient-Greece|Timeline of ancient Greece]]<br />
* [[Language/Ancient-greek-to-1453/Culture/Greek-Temples---Residences-for-the-Ancient-Greek-Gods|Greek Temples Residences for the Ancient Greek Gods]]<br />
* [[Language/Ancient-greek-to-1453/Culture/Pindar-Poem|Pindar Poem]]<br />
* [[Language/Ancient-greek-to-1453/Culture/Miasma-:-Religious-Pollution-in-Greek-antiquity|Miasma : Religious Pollution in Greek antiquity]]<br />
* [[Language/Ancient-greek-to-1453/Culture/The-Ancient-Greek-Afterlife|The Ancient Greek Afterlife]]<br />
* [[Language/Ancient-greek-to-1453/Culture/Thespis-the-father-of-dramatic-art|Thespis the father of dramatic art]]<br />
* [[Language/Ancient-greek-to-1453/Culture/Ancient-Greek-Houses|Ancient Greek Houses]]<br />
* [[Language/Ancient-greek-to-1453/Culture/Linear-B-|Linear B ]]<br />
* [[Language/Ancient-greek-to-1453/Culture/The-Ancient-Greek-Calendar|The Ancient Greek Calendar]]<br />
* [[Language/Ancient-greek-to-1453/Culture/What-did-the-Ancient-Greeks-eat-and-drink?|What did the Ancient Greeks eat and drink?]]<br />
* [[Language/Ancient-greek-to-1453/Culture/Ancient-Greece-Timeline|Ancient Greece Timeline]]<br />
<span links></span></div>Vincenthttps://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/Croatian/Vocabulary/Colors&diff=292126Language/Croatian/Vocabulary/Colors2024-03-24T19:25:59Z<p>Vincent: /* Colors Vocabulary in Croatian Quiz */</p>
<hr />
<div><div class="pg_page_title">Colors Vocabulary in Croatian</div><br />
[[File:Croatian-Language-PolyglotClub.png|thumb]]<br />
<br />
➡ In today's lesson you will learn some useful words related to "Colors" in the Croatian language.<br />
<br />
Happy learning!<br />
__TOC__<br />
<span link>Consider exploring these related pages after completing this lesson:</span> [[Language/Croatian/Vocabulary/Geometry|Geometry]] & [[Language/Croatian/Vocabulary/Science-and-Technology|Science and Technology]]. <br />
<br />
<br />
==Main colors in Croatian==<br />
<br />
<table class="wikitable"><br />
<tr style="color:black"><br />
<td width="133">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td align="center" bgcolor="white">Hrvatski</td><br />
<td align="center" bgcolor="white">English</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="white">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>bijela</td><br />
<td>white</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="yellow">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>žuta</td><br />
<td>yellow</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="FFD900">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>zlata</td><br />
<td>gold</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="FF8000">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>narančasta</td><br />
<td>orange</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="red">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>crvena</td><br />
<td>red</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="crimson">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>grimizna</td><br />
<td>crimson</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="ff69b4">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>ružičasta</td><br />
<td>pink</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="8000ff">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>ljubičica</td><br />
<td>violet</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="purple">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>ljubičasta</td><br />
<td>purple</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="00bfff">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>plava</td><br />
<td>blue</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="b3ebeb">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>plavo nebo</td><br />
<td>sky blue</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="#0000cd">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>mornarsko plava</td><br />
<td>navy blue</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="turquoise">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>tirkiz</td><br />
<td>turquoise</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="00cc66">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>zelena</td><br />
<td>green</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="66ffb2">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>svijetlo zelena</td><br />
<td>light green</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="fcf4ad">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>bež</td><br />
<td>beige</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="995940">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>smeđa</td><br />
<td>brown</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="b5b5b5">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>siva</td><br />
<td>gray</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="silver">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>srebro</td><br />
<td>silver</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="black">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>crna</td><br />
<td>black</td></tr><br />
</table><br />
==Light / Dark in Croatian==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|'''Hrvatski'''<br />
|'''English'''<br />
|-<br />
|svijetao [m]<br />
svijetla [f]<br />
|light<br />
|-<br />
|taman [m]<br />
tamna [f]<br />
|dark<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Practice Phrases with Colors in Croatian==<br />
<br />
In this section, we'll practice forming sentences using the Croatian words for colors. Try to translate these sentences into English or create your own sentences using the provided vocabulary.<br />
<br />
'''1. Moja omiljena boja je bijela.'''<br />
:* ''(My favorite color is white.)''<br />
<br />
'''2. Vidio sam žutu pticu u parku.'''<br />
:* ''(I saw a yellow bird in the park.)''<br />
<br />
'''3. Njena haljina je bila prekrasna, svijetlo zelena i vrlo elegantna.'''<br />
:* ''(Her dress was beautiful, light green and very elegant.)''<br />
<br />
'''4. Možete li mi dati tu narančastu knjigu?'''<br />
:* ''(Can you give me that orange book?)''<br />
<br />
'''5. Nebo je bilo čisto plavo nebo bez oblaka.'''<br />
:* ''(The sky was clear sky blue without any clouds.)''<br />
<br />
'''6. Stari dvorac izgleda impresivno u taman satima.'''<br />
:* ''(The old castle looks impressive in the dark hours.)''<br />
<br />
'''7. Ona nosi srebrni nakit koji se savršeno slaže s njezinom crnom haljinom.'''<br />
:* ''(She wears silver jewelry that matches perfectly with her black dress.)''<br />
<br />
'''8. Automobil njegove majke je svijetla ljubičasta, što je neobično.'''<br />
:* ''(His mother's car is light purple, which is unusual.)''<br />
<br />
'''9. Ove godine, modne piste su pune grimiznih i zlatnih tkanina.'''<br />
:* ''(This year, the fashion runways are full of crimson and gold fabrics.)''<br />
<br />
'''10. Proljetni cvjetovi su uglavnom ružičasti i ljubičasti.'''<br />
:* ''(Spring flowers are mostly pink and purple.)''<br />
<br />
Use these sentences to practice your Croatian language skills and familiarize yourself with the use of color vocabulary in everyday contexts.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Colors Vocabulary in Croatian Quiz==<br />
<br />
'''1. What is the Croatian word for "white"?'''<br />
:* '''A)''' Bijela<br />
:* '''B)''' Crvena<br />
:* '''C)''' Plava<br />
:* '''D)''' Zelena<br />
;'''Correct Answer:''' '''A) Bijela'''<br />
<br />
'''2. How do you say "yellow" in Croatian?'''<br />
:* '''A)''' Smeđa<br />
:* '''B)''' Žuta<br />
:* '''C)''' Ružičasta<br />
:* '''D)''' Narančasta<br />
;'''Correct Answer:''' '''B) Žuta'''<br />
<br />
'''3. What color does "narančasta" refer to?'''<br />
:* '''A)''' Green<br />
:* '''B)''' Orange<br />
:* '''C)''' Blue<br />
:* '''D)''' Silver<br />
;'''Correct Answer:''' '''B) Orange'''<br />
<br />
'''4. If something is "crvena" in Croatian, what color is it in English?'''<br />
:* '''A)''' Red<br />
:* '''B)''' Violet<br />
:* '''C)''' Gold<br />
:* '''D)''' Turquoise<br />
;'''Correct Answer:''' '''A) Red'''<br />
<br />
'''5. Which of the following is the correct translation for "purple" in Croatian?'''<br />
:* '''A)''' Plava<br />
:* '''B)''' Ljubičasta<br />
:* '''C)''' Srebro<br />
:* '''D)''' Tirkiz<br />
;'''Correct Answer:''' '''B) Ljubičasta'''<br />
<br />
'''6. In Croatian, "plavo nebo" translates to what color in English?'''<br />
:* '''A)''' Sky blue<br />
:* '''B)''' Navy blue<br />
:* '''C)''' Light green<br />
:* '''D)''' Gray<br />
;'''Correct Answer:''' '''A) Sky blue'''<br />
<br />
'''7. What is the Croatian word for "dark" when referring to masculine nouns?'''<br />
:* '''A)''' Svijetao<br />
:* '''B)''' Taman<br />
:* '''C)''' Svetla<br />
:* '''D)''' Tamna<br />
;'''Correct Answer:''' '''B) Taman'''<br />
<br />
'''8. Which term is used for "light green" in Croatian?'''<br />
:* '''A)''' Zelena<br />
:* '''B)''' Svijetlo zelena<br />
:* '''C)''' Bež<br />
:* '''D)''' Siva<br />
;'''Correct Answer:''' '''B) Svijetlo zelena'''<br />
<br />
'''9. What does "smeđa" mean in English?'''<br />
:* '''A)''' Silver<br />
:* '''B)''' Black<br />
:* '''C)''' Brown<br />
:* '''D)''' Beige<br />
;'''Correct Answer:''' '''C) Brown'''<br />
<br />
'''10. Translate "srebro" from Croatian to English.'''<br />
:* '''A)''' Gold<br />
:* '''B)''' Silver<br />
:* '''C)''' Bronze<br />
:* '''D)''' Platinum<br />
;'''Correct Answer:''' '''B) Silver'''<br />
<br />
==Videos==<br />
===Learn colors in Croatian ===<br />
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9jDgNCWbuCI</youtube><br />
<br />
==Other Lessons==<br />
* [[Language/Croatian/Vocabulary/Drinks|Drinks]]<br />
* [[Language/Croatian/Vocabulary/Medicine|Medicine]]<br />
* [[Language/Croatian/Vocabulary/Sports|Sports]]<br />
* [[Language/Croatian/Vocabulary/Nature|Nature]]<br />
* [[Language/Croatian/Vocabulary/How-to-Say-Hello-and-Greetings|How to Say Hello and Greetings]]<br />
* [[Language/Croatian/Vocabulary/Transport|Transport]]<br />
* [[Language/Croatian/Vocabulary/City|City]]<br />
* [[Language/Croatian/Vocabulary/Countries|Countries]]<br />
* [[Language/Croatian/Vocabulary/Post-office|Post office]]<br />
* [[Language/Croatian/Vocabulary/Numbers|Numbers]]<br />
<span links></span></div>Vincenthttps://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/Croatian/Vocabulary/Colors&diff=292125Language/Croatian/Vocabulary/Colors2024-03-24T19:25:03Z<p>Vincent: </p>
<hr />
<div><div class="pg_page_title">Colors Vocabulary in Croatian</div><br />
[[File:Croatian-Language-PolyglotClub.png|thumb]]<br />
<br />
➡ In today's lesson you will learn some useful words related to "Colors" in the Croatian language.<br />
<br />
Happy learning!<br />
__TOC__<br />
<span link>Consider exploring these related pages after completing this lesson:</span> [[Language/Croatian/Vocabulary/Geometry|Geometry]] & [[Language/Croatian/Vocabulary/Science-and-Technology|Science and Technology]]. <br />
<br />
<br />
==Main colors in Croatian==<br />
<br />
<table class="wikitable"><br />
<tr style="color:black"><br />
<td width="133">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td align="center" bgcolor="white">Hrvatski</td><br />
<td align="center" bgcolor="white">English</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="white">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>bijela</td><br />
<td>white</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="yellow">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>žuta</td><br />
<td>yellow</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="FFD900">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>zlata</td><br />
<td>gold</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="FF8000">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>narančasta</td><br />
<td>orange</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="red">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>crvena</td><br />
<td>red</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="crimson">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>grimizna</td><br />
<td>crimson</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="ff69b4">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>ružičasta</td><br />
<td>pink</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="8000ff">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>ljubičica</td><br />
<td>violet</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="purple">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>ljubičasta</td><br />
<td>purple</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="00bfff">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>plava</td><br />
<td>blue</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="b3ebeb">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>plavo nebo</td><br />
<td>sky blue</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="#0000cd">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>mornarsko plava</td><br />
<td>navy blue</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="turquoise">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>tirkiz</td><br />
<td>turquoise</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="00cc66">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>zelena</td><br />
<td>green</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="66ffb2">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>svijetlo zelena</td><br />
<td>light green</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="fcf4ad">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>bež</td><br />
<td>beige</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="995940">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>smeđa</td><br />
<td>brown</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="b5b5b5">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>siva</td><br />
<td>gray</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="silver">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>srebro</td><br />
<td>silver</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="black">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>crna</td><br />
<td>black</td></tr><br />
</table><br />
==Light / Dark in Croatian==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|'''Hrvatski'''<br />
|'''English'''<br />
|-<br />
|svijetao [m]<br />
svijetla [f]<br />
|light<br />
|-<br />
|taman [m]<br />
tamna [f]<br />
|dark<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Colors Vocabulary in Croatian Quiz==<br />
<br />
'''1. What is the Croatian word for "white"?'''<br />
:* '''A)''' Bijela<br />
:* '''B)''' Crvena<br />
:* '''C)''' Plava<br />
:* '''D)''' Zelena<br />
;'''Correct Answer:''' '''A) Bijela'''<br />
<br />
'''2. How do you say "yellow" in Croatian?'''<br />
:* '''A)''' Smeđa<br />
:* '''B)''' Žuta<br />
:* '''C)''' Ružičasta<br />
:* '''D)''' Narančasta<br />
;'''Correct Answer:''' '''B) Žuta'''<br />
<br />
'''3. What color does "narančasta" refer to?'''<br />
:* '''A)''' Green<br />
:* '''B)''' Orange<br />
:* '''C)''' Blue<br />
:* '''D)''' Silver<br />
;'''Correct Answer:''' '''B) Orange'''<br />
<br />
'''4. If something is "crvena" in Croatian, what color is it in English?'''<br />
:* '''A)''' Red<br />
:* '''B)''' Violet<br />
:* '''C)''' Gold<br />
:* '''D)''' Turquoise<br />
;'''Correct Answer:''' '''A) Red'''<br />
<br />
'''5. Which of the following is the correct translation for "purple" in Croatian?'''<br />
:* '''A)''' Plava<br />
:* '''B)''' Ljubičasta<br />
:* '''C)''' Srebro<br />
:* '''D)''' Tirkiz<br />
;'''Correct Answer:''' '''B) Ljubičasta'''<br />
<br />
'''6. In Croatian, "plavo nebo" translates to what color in English?'''<br />
:* '''A)''' Sky blue<br />
:* '''B)''' Navy blue<br />
:* '''C)''' Light green<br />
:* '''D)''' Gray<br />
;'''Correct Answer:''' '''A) Sky blue'''<br />
<br />
'''7. What is the Croatian word for "dark" when referring to masculine nouns?'''<br />
:* '''A)''' Svijetao<br />
:* '''B)''' Taman<br />
:* '''C)''' Svetla<br />
:* '''D)''' Tamna<br />
;'''Correct Answer:''' '''B) Taman'''<br />
<br />
'''8. Which term is used for "light green" in Croatian?'''<br />
:* '''A)''' Zelena<br />
:* '''B)''' Svijetlo zelena<br />
:* '''C)''' Bež<br />
:* '''D)''' Siva<br />
;'''Correct Answer:''' '''B) Svijetlo zelena'''<br />
<br />
'''9. What does "smeđa" mean in English?'''<br />
:* '''A)''' Silver<br />
:* '''B)''' Black<br />
:* '''C)''' Brown<br />
:* '''D)''' Beige<br />
;'''Correct Answer:''' '''C) Brown'''<br />
<br />
'''10. Translate "srebro" from Croatian to English.'''<br />
:* '''A)''' Gold<br />
:* '''B)''' Silver<br />
:* '''C)''' Bronze<br />
:* '''D)''' Platinum<br />
;'''Correct Answer:''' '''B) Silver'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==Videos==<br />
===Learn colors in Croatian ===<br />
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9jDgNCWbuCI</youtube><br />
<br />
==Other Lessons==<br />
* [[Language/Croatian/Vocabulary/Drinks|Drinks]]<br />
* [[Language/Croatian/Vocabulary/Medicine|Medicine]]<br />
* [[Language/Croatian/Vocabulary/Sports|Sports]]<br />
* [[Language/Croatian/Vocabulary/Nature|Nature]]<br />
* [[Language/Croatian/Vocabulary/How-to-Say-Hello-and-Greetings|How to Say Hello and Greetings]]<br />
* [[Language/Croatian/Vocabulary/Transport|Transport]]<br />
* [[Language/Croatian/Vocabulary/City|City]]<br />
* [[Language/Croatian/Vocabulary/Countries|Countries]]<br />
* [[Language/Croatian/Vocabulary/Post-office|Post office]]<br />
* [[Language/Croatian/Vocabulary/Numbers|Numbers]]<br />
<span links></span></div>Vincenthttps://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/Croatian/Vocabulary/Colors&diff=292124Language/Croatian/Vocabulary/Colors2024-03-24T19:23:11Z<p>Vincent: /* Light / Dark in Croatian */</p>
<hr />
<div><div class="pg_page_title">Colors Vocabulary in Croatian</div><br />
[[File:Croatian-Language-PolyglotClub.png|thumb]]<br />
<br />
➡ In today's lesson you will learn some useful words related to "Colors" in the Croatian language.<br />
<br />
Happy learning!<br />
__TOC__<br />
<span link>Consider exploring these related pages after completing this lesson:</span> [[Language/Croatian/Vocabulary/Geometry|Geometry]] & [[Language/Croatian/Vocabulary/Science-and-Technology|Science and Technology]]. <br />
<br />
<br />
==Main colors in Croatian==<br />
<br />
<table class="wikitable"><br />
<tr style="color:black"><br />
<td width="133">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td align="center" bgcolor="white">Hrvatski</td><br />
<td align="center" bgcolor="white">English</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="white">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>bijela</td><br />
<td>white</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="yellow">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>žuta</td><br />
<td>yellow</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="FFD900">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>zlata</td><br />
<td>gold</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="FF8000">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>narančasta</td><br />
<td>orange</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="red">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>crvena</td><br />
<td>red</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="crimson">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>grimizna</td><br />
<td>crimson</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="ff69b4">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>ružičasta</td><br />
<td>pink</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="8000ff">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>ljubičica</td><br />
<td>violet</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="purple">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>ljubičasta</td><br />
<td>purple</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="00bfff">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>plava</td><br />
<td>blue</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="b3ebeb">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>plavo nebo</td><br />
<td>sky blue</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="#0000cd">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>mornarsko plava</td><br />
<td>navy blue</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="turquoise">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>tirkiz</td><br />
<td>turquoise</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="00cc66">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>zelena</td><br />
<td>green</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="66ffb2">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>svijetlo zelena</td><br />
<td>light green</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="fcf4ad">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>bež</td><br />
<td>beige</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="995940">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>smeđa</td><br />
<td>brown</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="b5b5b5">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>siva</td><br />
<td>gray</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="silver">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>srebro</td><br />
<td>silver</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="black">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>crna</td><br />
<td>black</td></tr><br />
</table><br />
==Light / Dark in Croatian==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|'''Hrvatski'''<br />
|'''English'''<br />
|-<br />
|svijetao [m]<br />
svijetla [f]<br />
|light<br />
|-<br />
|taman [m]<br />
tamna [f]<br />
|dark<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Videos==<br />
===Learn colors in Croatian ===<br />
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9jDgNCWbuCI</youtube><br />
<br />
==Other Lessons==<br />
* [[Language/Croatian/Vocabulary/Drinks|Drinks]]<br />
* [[Language/Croatian/Vocabulary/Medicine|Medicine]]<br />
* [[Language/Croatian/Vocabulary/Sports|Sports]]<br />
* [[Language/Croatian/Vocabulary/Nature|Nature]]<br />
* [[Language/Croatian/Vocabulary/How-to-Say-Hello-and-Greetings|How to Say Hello and Greetings]]<br />
* [[Language/Croatian/Vocabulary/Transport|Transport]]<br />
* [[Language/Croatian/Vocabulary/City|City]]<br />
* [[Language/Croatian/Vocabulary/Countries|Countries]]<br />
* [[Language/Croatian/Vocabulary/Post-office|Post office]]<br />
* [[Language/Croatian/Vocabulary/Numbers|Numbers]]<br />
<span links></span></div>Vincenthttps://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/Croatian/Vocabulary/Colors&diff=292123Language/Croatian/Vocabulary/Colors2024-03-24T19:22:51Z<p>Vincent: </p>
<hr />
<div><div class="pg_page_title">Colors Vocabulary in Croatian</div><br />
[[File:Croatian-Language-PolyglotClub.png|thumb]]<br />
<br />
➡ In today's lesson you will learn some useful words related to "Colors" in the Croatian language.<br />
<br />
Happy learning!<br />
__TOC__<br />
<span link>Consider exploring these related pages after completing this lesson:</span> [[Language/Croatian/Vocabulary/Geometry|Geometry]] & [[Language/Croatian/Vocabulary/Science-and-Technology|Science and Technology]]. <br />
<br />
<br />
==Main colors in Croatian==<br />
<br />
<table class="wikitable"><br />
<tr style="color:black"><br />
<td width="133">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td align="center" bgcolor="white">Hrvatski</td><br />
<td align="center" bgcolor="white">English</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="white">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>bijela</td><br />
<td>white</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="yellow">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>žuta</td><br />
<td>yellow</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="FFD900">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>zlata</td><br />
<td>gold</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="FF8000">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>narančasta</td><br />
<td>orange</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="red">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>crvena</td><br />
<td>red</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="crimson">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>grimizna</td><br />
<td>crimson</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="ff69b4">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>ružičasta</td><br />
<td>pink</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="8000ff">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>ljubičica</td><br />
<td>violet</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="purple">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>ljubičasta</td><br />
<td>purple</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="00bfff">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>plava</td><br />
<td>blue</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="b3ebeb">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>plavo nebo</td><br />
<td>sky blue</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="#0000cd">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>mornarsko plava</td><br />
<td>navy blue</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="turquoise">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>tirkiz</td><br />
<td>turquoise</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="00cc66">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>zelena</td><br />
<td>green</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="66ffb2">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>svijetlo zelena</td><br />
<td>light green</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="fcf4ad">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>bež</td><br />
<td>beige</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="995940">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>smeđa</td><br />
<td>brown</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="b5b5b5">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>siva</td><br />
<td>gray</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="silver">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>srebro</td><br />
<td>silver</td></tr><br />
<tr><br />
<td bgcolor="black">&nbsp;</td><br />
<td>crna</td><br />
<td>black</td></tr><br />
</table><br />
==Light / Dark in Croatian==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|'''Hrvatski'''<br />
|'''English'''<br />
|-<br />
|svijetao [m]<br />
svijetla [f]<br />
|light<br />
|-<br />
|taman [m]<br />
tamna [f]<br />
|dark<br />
|}<br />
<br />
* '''black''' crn<br />
* '''blue''' plav<br />
* '''brown''' smeđa<br />
* '''gray''' siv<br />
* '''green''' zelen<br />
* '''orange''' oranje<br />
* '''pink''' ružičast<br />
* '''violet''' ljubičast<br />
* '''white''' bijel<br />
* '''yellow''' žut<br />
<br />
==Videos==<br />
===Learn colors in Croatian ===<br />
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9jDgNCWbuCI</youtube><br />
<br />
==Other Lessons==<br />
* [[Language/Croatian/Vocabulary/Drinks|Drinks]]<br />
* [[Language/Croatian/Vocabulary/Medicine|Medicine]]<br />
* [[Language/Croatian/Vocabulary/Sports|Sports]]<br />
* [[Language/Croatian/Vocabulary/Nature|Nature]]<br />
* [[Language/Croatian/Vocabulary/How-to-Say-Hello-and-Greetings|How to Say Hello and Greetings]]<br />
* [[Language/Croatian/Vocabulary/Transport|Transport]]<br />
* [[Language/Croatian/Vocabulary/City|City]]<br />
* [[Language/Croatian/Vocabulary/Countries|Countries]]<br />
* [[Language/Croatian/Vocabulary/Post-office|Post office]]<br />
* [[Language/Croatian/Vocabulary/Numbers|Numbers]]<br />
<span links></span></div>Vincenthttps://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/Amharic/Vocabulary/How-to-Say-Hello-and-Greetings&diff=292122Language/Amharic/Vocabulary/How-to-Say-Hello-and-Greetings2024-03-24T19:20:40Z<p>Vincent: </p>
<hr />
<div><div class="pg_page_title">🤗 '''Amharic''' Greetings for Everyday Life</div><br />
[[File:greetings-say-hello-polyglot-club.png|thumb]]<br />
[[File:Amharic-Language-PolyglotClub.png|thumb]]<br />
ጤና ይስጥልኝ! Amharic Learners! 😃 <br />
<br />
➡ Do you want to learn how to say “Hello” in '''Amharic'''? <br />
<br />
Greetings are an important part of any language because they allow you to connect and communicate with others. If you’re planning a trip to the country or are trying to learn Amharic, keep reading to discover some of the most important greetings.<br />
<br />
Greeting plays a critical role in speeding up your assimilation to the community. Even though the way Ethiopians greet each other might differ slightly from region to region or place to place, it is always an important part of social interaction. Sometimes the greeting may extend to asking after families, cattle, sheep, crop yield, weather conditions, etc. It is also common, particularly in the countryside, to greet someone who you don’t know. <br />
__TOC__<br />
While greeting and taking leave, bowing, shaking hands and removing hats are common. Kissing one another’s cheeks is also practiced, especially upon meeting after an extended period of time. Using both hands when shaking hands with elders and officials indicates respect (the left hand to support the right forearm OR put both hands on the elder’s hand). Young people in Ethiopia will typically greet each other by shaking hands and bumping shoulders. <br />
<br />
Raising the eyebrows is sometimes used to greet someone in a situation in which someone doesn’t want or is unable to talk, or in a situation in which the two people are very familiar with one another. <br />
<br />
Upon the entry or arrival of elders or officials, it is customary to stand and say, nor (signifying welcome and respect). The person arriving would respond, በግዜር bägzer (lit. “by God”). Not leaving a seat for respected or elder people shows disrespect. Also, putting hands in your pockets while talking with elders shows disrespect.<br />
<br />
Greetings can be replied to by saying እግዚአብሔር ይመስገን ïgziabher yïmmäsgän. A person will be happy if you call her or him by name while greeting.<br />
<br />
Let’s get started! 🤗<br />
<br />
<span link>With the completion of this lesson, consider investigating these related pages:</span> [[Language/Amharic/Vocabulary/Time|Time]], [[Language/Amharic/Vocabulary/Geometry|Geometry]], [[Language/Amharic/Vocabulary/Time-Words|Time Words]] & [[Language/Amharic/Vocabulary/Fruits|Fruits]]. <br />
<br />
==Greetings==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
!'''English'''<br />
!'''Amharic script'''<br />
!'''Latin script'''<br />
|-<br />
|general greeting<br />
|ጤና ይስጥልኝ<br />
|teanastëllën<br />
|-<br />
|informal greeting<br />
|ታዲያስ<br />
|tadiyaas<br />
|-<br />
|informal greeting<br />
|ሰላም <br />
|selam<br />
|-<br />
|morning greeting (respectful)<br />
|አንደምን፡አደሩ<br />
|indemin adderu<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|morning greeting, spoken to a man<br />
|እንደምን፡አደርክ<br />
|indemin adderk<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|morning greeting, spoken to a woman<br />
|እንደምን፡አደርሽ<br />
|indemin addersh<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|indet adderk: morning greeting, spoken to a man<br />
|እንዴት፡አደርክ?<br />
|indet adderk<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|morning greeting, spoken to a woman<br />
|እንዴት፡አደርሽ?<br />
|indet addersh<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|afternoon greeting (respectful)<br />
|አንደምን፡ዋሉ?<br />
|indemin walu<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|afternoon greeting, spoken to a man<br />
|እንደምን፡ <br />
|indemin walk<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|afternoon greeting, spoken to a woman<br />
|እንደምን፡ዋልሸ?<br />
|indemin walsh<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|afternoon greeting, spoken to a man<br />
|እንዴት፡ዋልክ?<br />
|indet walk<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|afternoon greeting, spoken to a woman<br />
|እንዴት፡ዋልሸ?<br />
|indet walsh<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|evening greeting (respectful)<br />
|አንደምን፡አመሹ<br />
|indemin ameshu<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|evening greeting, spoken to a man<br />
|አንደምን፡አመሸህ?<br />
|indemin amesheh<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|evening greeting, spoken to a woman<br />
|አንደምን፡አመሸሸ?<br />
|indemin ameshesh<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|evening greeting, spoken to a man<br />
|እንዴት፡አመሸህ?<br />
|indet amesheh<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|evening greeting, spoken to a woman<br />
|እንዴት፡አመሸሸ?<br />
|indet ameshesh<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|how are you? spoken to a man<br />
|እንደምን፡አለህ፧<br />
|indemin alleh<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|how are you? spoken to a woman<br />
|እንደምን፡አለሸ፧ <br />
|indemin allesh<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|how are you? spoken to a group<br />
|እንደምን፡አላችሁ፧<br />
|indemin allachihu<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|reply to እንደምን አለህ፧, እንደምን አለሸ፧, and እንደምን አላችሁ፧<br />
|ደህና፡ነኝ<br />
|dehna nenye<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|thank you<br />
|አመሰግናለሁ <br />
|ameseginalehugn<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|thank you very much<br />
|ጣም አመሰግናለሁኝ<br />
|betam ameseginalehugn<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|how are you? spoken to a man<br />
|ደህና፡?<br />
|dehina neh<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|how are you? spoken to a woman<br />
|ደህና፡ነሸ?<br />
|dehina nesh<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|how are you? spoken to a group<br />
|ደህና፡?<br />
|dehina newot<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|how are you? informal, spoken to a man<br />
|እንደምን፡ነህ?<br />
|indemin neh<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|how are you? informal, spoken to a woman<br />
|እንደምን፡ነሸ?<br />
|indemin nesh<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|how are you?, informal<br />
|እንዴት፡ነህ?<br />
|indet neh<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|welcome greeting spoken to a man<br />
|እንኳን፡ደህና፡መጣህ<br />
|inkuan dehna metah<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|welcome greeting spoken to a woman<br />
|እንኳን፡ደህና፡መጣሸ<br />
|inkuan dehna metash<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|welcome greeting spoken to a group of people<br />
|እንኳን፡ደህና፡መጡ<br />
|inkuan dehna metachu<br />
|-<br />
|name<br />
|ስም<br />
|səm<br />
|-<br />
|My name is ...<br />
|የኔ ስም... ነው<br />
|yäne səm ... näw<br />
|-<br />
|My name is ...<br />
|ስሜ ... ነው። <br />
|səme ... näw<br />
|-<br />
|madam<br />
|እሜቴ , እመቤት<br />
|əmäbet<br />
|-<br />
|miss<br />
|ወይዘሪት<br />
|wäyzärit<br />
|-<br />
|mister, sir<br />
|ጌታዬ , አቶ<br />
|ato<br />
|-<br />
|goodbye<br />
|ደኅና ይዋሉ , ቻው<br />
|chaw<br />
|-<br />
|best wishes<br />
|መልካም ምኞት<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|kiss<br />
|ሳመ<br />
|samä<br />
|-<br />
|kiss<br />
|መሳም<br />
|mäsam<br />
|-<br />
|please [for male]<br />
|እባክህ(ን) <br />
<br />
|ehbakahen<br />
|-<br />
|please [for female]<br />
|እባክሽ<br />
|ehbakesh <br />
|-<br />
|thanks<br />
|ምስጋና<br />
|amesegenalehu<br />
|-<br />
|yes<br />
|አዎ , አዎን<br />
|awon<br />
|-<br />
|no<br />
|አይ<br />
|ay<br />
|-<br />
|sorry<br />
|ይቅርታ<br />
|yəqərəta<br />
|-<br />
|Long time no see<br />
|ረጂም ጊዜ ከተለያየን።<br />
|räǧǧim gize kätäläyayän<br />
|-<br />
|Where are you from? spoken to a man<br />
|ከየት ነህ፧<br />
|käyät näh?<br />
|-<br />
|Where are you from? spoken to a woman<br />
|ከየት ነሽ፧<br />
|käyät näš?<br />
|-<br />
|Where are you from? formal<br />
|ከየት ኖት፧<br />
|käyät not?<br />
|-<br />
|Where are you from? spoken to a man<br />
|አንተ ከየት ነህ፧<br />
|antä käyät näh?<br />
|-<br />
|Where are you from? spoken to a woman<br />
|አንቺ ከየት ነሽ፧<br />
|anchi käyät näš?<br />
|-<br />
|Where are you from? formal<br />
|እርስዎ ከየት ኖት፧<br />
|ərswo käyät not?<br />
|-<br />
|I'm from ...<br />
|እኔ ከ ... ነኝ።<br />
|əne kä ... näň<br />
|-<br />
|I'm from ...<br />
|ከ ... ነኝ።<br />
|kä ... näň<br />
|-<br />
|Pleased to meet you<br />
|ስለተዋወቅን ደስ ብሎኛል<br />
<br />
|səlätäwawäqən däs bəloňňall<br />
|-<br />
|Goodbye informal<br />
|ቻው<br />
|chaw<br />
|-<br />
|Goodbye spoken to a man<br />
|ደህና ሁን<br />
|dähna hun<br />
|-<br />
|Goodbye spoken to a woman<br />
|ደህና ሁኚ<br />
|dähna hunyi<br />
|-<br />
|Goodbye spoken to a group of people<br />
|ደህና ሁኑ<br />
|dähna hunu<br />
|-<br />
|Good luck!<br />
|መልካም እድል - inf<br />
|mälkam əddəl<br />
|-<br />
|Cheers! Good Health! (''Toasts used when drinking'')<br />
|ለጤናችን<br />
|läṭenaččən<br />
|-<br />
|Cheers! Good Health! (''Toasts used when drinking'')<br />
|ለፍቅራችን<br />
|läfəqraččən<br />
|-<br />
|Cheers! Good Health! (''Toasts used when drinking'')<br />
|ለጓደኛነታችን<br />
|lägwadäňňannätaččən<br />
|-<br />
|Have a nice day<br />
|መልካም ቀን።<br />
<br />
|mälkam qän<br />
|-<br />
|Have a nice day - spoken to a man<br />
|መልካም ቀን ይሁንልህ።<br />
<br />
|mälkam qän yəhunəlləh<br />
|-<br />
|Have a nice day - spoken to a woman<br />
|መልካም ቀን ይሁንልሽ።<br />
<br />
|mälkam qän yəhunəlləš<br />
|-<br />
|Have a nice day - spoken to a group of people<br />
|መልካም ቀን ይሁንላችሁ።<br />
<br />
|mälkam qän yəhunəllaččhu<br />
|-<br />
|Have a nice meal - spoken to a man (eat!)<br />
|ብላ<br />
|bəla<br />
|-<br />
|Have a nice meal - spoken to a woman (eat!)<br />
|ብዪ<br />
|biy<br />
|-<br />
|Have a nice meal - spoken to a group of people (eat!)<br />
|ብሉ <br />
|bəlu<br />
|-<br />
|Have a nice meal (''good feasting)''<br />
|መልካም ምግብ<br />
|mälkam məgəb<br />
|-<br />
|Have a good journey<br />
|መልካም ጉዞ።<br />
|mälkam guzo<br />
|-<br />
|Have a good journey - spoken to a man<br />
|መልካም ጉዞ ይሁንልህ።<br />
|mälkam guzo yəhunəlləh<br />
|-<br />
|Have a good journey - spoken to a woman<br />
|መልካም ጉዞ ይሁንልሽ።<br />
|mälkam guzo yəhunəlləš<br />
|-<br />
|Have a good journey - spoken to a group of people<br />
|መልካም ጉዞ ይሁንላችሁ።<br />
|mälkam guzo yəhunəllaččhu<br />
|-<br />
|Christmas greetings<br />
|መልካም ገና<br />
|melikami gena<br />
|-<br />
|New Year greetings - spoken to a man<br />
|እንኳን አደረሰህ<br />
|ənkwan adärräsäh<br />
|-<br />
|New Year greetings - spoken to a woman<br />
|እንኳን አደረሰሽ<br />
|ənkwan adärräsäš<br />
|-<br />
|New Year greetings - formal<br />
|እንኳን አደረሱ<br />
|ənkwan adärräsu<br />
|-<br />
|New Year greetings - spoken to a group of people<br />
|እንኳን አደረሳችሁ<br />
|ənkwan adärräsaččhu<br />
|-<br />
|New Year greetings<br />
|እንኳን አብረው አደረሰን<br />
|ənkwan abräw adärräsän<br />
|-<br />
|Easter greetings<br />
|መልካም ፋሲካ<br />
|mälkam fasika<br />
|-<br />
|Birthday greetings<br />
|መልከም ልደት<br />
|mälkam lədät<br />
|-<br />
|Congratulations!<br />
|እንኳን ደስ አለዎ!<br />
|Inikwani desi ālewo!<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Videos==<br />
<br />
=== '''Learn Amharic Greetings & Leave Taking NOW | Greet Just Like ETHIOPIANS!''' ===<br />
<youtube>https://youtu.be/aq1nSaU6pgU</youtube><br />
===How to greet someone in Amharic===<br />
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PX1On0RcL28</youtube><br />
===Learn Amharic With Yeshareg! Formal and Informal Greetings===<br />
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=deaxGgOKrKM</youtube><br />
===Learn Amharic - General Greetings!===<br />
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gHjPAfp5g_U</youtube><br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
* http://users.elite.net/runner/jennifers<br />
* http://amharic.ethiopien.free.fr/index_uk.php<br />
* https://omniglot.com/language/phrases/amharic.php<br />
<br />
==Free Amharic Lessons==<br />
*'''[[Language/Amharic/Grammar|Grammar Lessons]]'''<br />
<br />
*'''[[Language/Amharic/Vocabulary|Vocabulary Lessons]]'''<br />
<br />
*'''[[Language/Amharic/Pronunciation|Pronunciation Lessons]]'''<br />
<br />
*'''[[Language/Amharic/Culture|Culture Lessons]]'''<br />
==Language Exchange==<br />
*'''[https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=5 Find members TEACHING Amharic]'''<br />
*'''[https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&dem1=5 Find members LEARNING Amharic]'''<br />
==Forum==<br />
*'''[https://polyglotclub.com/language/amharic/forum SHARE ideas about Amharic]'''<br />
*'''[https://polyglotclub.com/language/amharic/question Ask a QUESTION about Amharic]'''<br />
==Tools==<br />
*'''[https://polyglotclub.com/language/amharic/note Have your text CORRECTED in Amharic]'''<br />
*'''[https://polyglotclub.com/language/amharic/video VIDEOS to learn Amharic]'''<br />
==Marketplace==<br />
*'''[https://polyglotclub.com/services/search-jobs/?pg_offre=5 Buy or Sell SERVICES related to Amharic]'''<br />
<br />
{{#seo:<br />
|title=🤗 Say Hello and Greetings in Amharic<br />
|keywords=hello, how are you?, where are you from?, evening, afternoon, morning, night, thank you, welcome.<br />
|description=In this lesson, you will learn the most important Amharic greetings you need to know. How to say hello, how are you, good morning etc.<br />
|og:image=https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/images/thumb/6/67/Greetings-say-hello-polyglot-club.png/450px-Greetings-say-hello-polyglot-club.png<br />
}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Amharic/Beginner]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Greetings]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Say-Hello]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Jennifers]]<br />
<br />
==Other Lessons==<br />
* [[Language/Amharic/Vocabulary/Directions|Directions]]<br />
* [[Language/Amharic/Vocabulary/Months-of-the-year|Months of the year]]<br />
* [[Language/Amharic/Vocabulary/Animals|Animals]]<br />
* [[Language/Amharic/Vocabulary/Environment|Environment]]<br />
* [[Language/Amharic/Vocabulary/Asking-for-Help|Asking for Help]]<br />
* [[Language/Amharic/Vocabulary/Dairy-Products|Dairy Products]]<br />
* [[Language/Amharic/Vocabulary/Diseases|Diseases]]<br />
* [[Language/Amharic/Vocabulary/Post-office|Post office]]<br />
* [[Language/Amharic/Vocabulary/Time-Words|Time Words]]<br />
* [[Language/Amharic/Vocabulary/Clinic|Clinic]]<br />
<span links></span></div>Vincenthttps://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/Amharic/Vocabulary/How-to-Say-Hello-and-Greetings&diff=292121Language/Amharic/Vocabulary/How-to-Say-Hello-and-Greetings2024-03-24T19:20:19Z<p>Vincent: </p>
<hr />
<div><div class="pg_page_title">🤗 '''Amharic''' Greetings for Everyday Life</div><br />
[[File:greetings-say-hello-polyglot-club.png|thumb]]<br />
[[File:Amharic-Language-PolyglotClub.png|thumb]]<br />
ጤና ይስጥልኝ! Amharic Learners! 😃 <br />
<br />
➡ Do you want to learn how to say “Hello” in '''Amharic'''? <br />
<br />
Greetings are an important part of any language because they allow you to connect and communicate with others. If you’re planning a trip to the country or are trying to learn Amharic, keep reading to discover some of the most important greetings.<br />
<br />
Greeting plays a critical role in speeding up your assimilation to the community. Even though the way Ethiopians greet each other might differ slightly from region to region or place to place, it is always an important part of social interaction. Sometimes the greeting may extend to asking after families, cattle, sheep, crop yield, weather conditions, etc. It is also common, particularly in the countryside, to greet someone who you don’t know. <br />
<br />
While greeting and taking leave, bowing, shaking hands and removing hats are common. Kissing one another’s cheeks is also practiced, especially upon meeting after an extended period of time. Using both hands when shaking hands with elders and officials indicates respect (the left hand to support the right forearm OR put both hands on the elder’s hand). Young people in Ethiopia will typically greet each other by shaking hands and bumping shoulders. <br />
<br />
Raising the eyebrows is sometimes used to greet someone in a situation in which someone doesn’t want or is unable to talk, or in a situation in which the two people are very familiar with one another. <br />
<br />
Upon the entry or arrival of elders or officials, it is customary to stand and say, nor (signifying welcome and respect). The person arriving would respond, በግዜር bägzer (lit. “by God”). Not leaving a seat for respected or elder people shows disrespect. Also, putting hands in your pockets while talking with elders shows disrespect.<br />
<br />
Greetings can be replied to by saying እግዚአብሔር ይመስገን ïgziabher yïmmäsgän. A person will be happy if you call her or him by name while greeting.<br />
<br />
Let’s get started! 🤗<br />
<br />
<span link>With the completion of this lesson, consider investigating these related pages:</span> [[Language/Amharic/Vocabulary/Time|Time]], [[Language/Amharic/Vocabulary/Geometry|Geometry]], [[Language/Amharic/Vocabulary/Time-Words|Time Words]] & [[Language/Amharic/Vocabulary/Fruits|Fruits]]. <br />
__TOC__<br />
==Greetings==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
!'''English'''<br />
!'''Amharic script'''<br />
!'''Latin script'''<br />
|-<br />
|general greeting<br />
|ጤና ይስጥልኝ<br />
|teanastëllën<br />
|-<br />
|informal greeting<br />
|ታዲያስ<br />
|tadiyaas<br />
|-<br />
|informal greeting<br />
|ሰላም <br />
|selam<br />
|-<br />
|morning greeting (respectful)<br />
|አንደምን፡አደሩ<br />
|indemin adderu<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|morning greeting, spoken to a man<br />
|እንደምን፡አደርክ<br />
|indemin adderk<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|morning greeting, spoken to a woman<br />
|እንደምን፡አደርሽ<br />
|indemin addersh<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|indet adderk: morning greeting, spoken to a man<br />
|እንዴት፡አደርክ?<br />
|indet adderk<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|morning greeting, spoken to a woman<br />
|እንዴት፡አደርሽ?<br />
|indet addersh<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|afternoon greeting (respectful)<br />
|አንደምን፡ዋሉ?<br />
|indemin walu<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|afternoon greeting, spoken to a man<br />
|እንደምን፡ <br />
|indemin walk<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|afternoon greeting, spoken to a woman<br />
|እንደምን፡ዋልሸ?<br />
|indemin walsh<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|afternoon greeting, spoken to a man<br />
|እንዴት፡ዋልክ?<br />
|indet walk<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|afternoon greeting, spoken to a woman<br />
|እንዴት፡ዋልሸ?<br />
|indet walsh<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|evening greeting (respectful)<br />
|አንደምን፡አመሹ<br />
|indemin ameshu<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|evening greeting, spoken to a man<br />
|አንደምን፡አመሸህ?<br />
|indemin amesheh<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|evening greeting, spoken to a woman<br />
|አንደምን፡አመሸሸ?<br />
|indemin ameshesh<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|evening greeting, spoken to a man<br />
|እንዴት፡አመሸህ?<br />
|indet amesheh<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|evening greeting, spoken to a woman<br />
|እንዴት፡አመሸሸ?<br />
|indet ameshesh<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|how are you? spoken to a man<br />
|እንደምን፡አለህ፧<br />
|indemin alleh<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|how are you? spoken to a woman<br />
|እንደምን፡አለሸ፧ <br />
|indemin allesh<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|how are you? spoken to a group<br />
|እንደምን፡አላችሁ፧<br />
|indemin allachihu<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|reply to እንደምን አለህ፧, እንደምን አለሸ፧, and እንደምን አላችሁ፧<br />
|ደህና፡ነኝ<br />
|dehna nenye<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|thank you<br />
|አመሰግናለሁ <br />
|ameseginalehugn<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|thank you very much<br />
|ጣም አመሰግናለሁኝ<br />
|betam ameseginalehugn<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|how are you? spoken to a man<br />
|ደህና፡?<br />
|dehina neh<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|how are you? spoken to a woman<br />
|ደህና፡ነሸ?<br />
|dehina nesh<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|how are you? spoken to a group<br />
|ደህና፡?<br />
|dehina newot<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|how are you? informal, spoken to a man<br />
|እንደምን፡ነህ?<br />
|indemin neh<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|how are you? informal, spoken to a woman<br />
|እንደምን፡ነሸ?<br />
|indemin nesh<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|how are you?, informal<br />
|እንዴት፡ነህ?<br />
|indet neh<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|welcome greeting spoken to a man<br />
|እንኳን፡ደህና፡መጣህ<br />
|inkuan dehna metah<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|welcome greeting spoken to a woman<br />
|እንኳን፡ደህና፡መጣሸ<br />
|inkuan dehna metash<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|welcome greeting spoken to a group of people<br />
|እንኳን፡ደህና፡መጡ<br />
|inkuan dehna metachu<br />
|-<br />
|name<br />
|ስም<br />
|səm<br />
|-<br />
|My name is ...<br />
|የኔ ስም... ነው<br />
|yäne səm ... näw<br />
|-<br />
|My name is ...<br />
|ስሜ ... ነው። <br />
|səme ... näw<br />
|-<br />
|madam<br />
|እሜቴ , እመቤት<br />
|əmäbet<br />
|-<br />
|miss<br />
|ወይዘሪት<br />
|wäyzärit<br />
|-<br />
|mister, sir<br />
|ጌታዬ , አቶ<br />
|ato<br />
|-<br />
|goodbye<br />
|ደኅና ይዋሉ , ቻው<br />
|chaw<br />
|-<br />
|best wishes<br />
|መልካም ምኞት<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|kiss<br />
|ሳመ<br />
|samä<br />
|-<br />
|kiss<br />
|መሳም<br />
|mäsam<br />
|-<br />
|please [for male]<br />
|እባክህ(ን) <br />
<br />
|ehbakahen<br />
|-<br />
|please [for female]<br />
|እባክሽ<br />
|ehbakesh <br />
|-<br />
|thanks<br />
|ምስጋና<br />
|amesegenalehu<br />
|-<br />
|yes<br />
|አዎ , አዎን<br />
|awon<br />
|-<br />
|no<br />
|አይ<br />
|ay<br />
|-<br />
|sorry<br />
|ይቅርታ<br />
|yəqərəta<br />
|-<br />
|Long time no see<br />
|ረጂም ጊዜ ከተለያየን።<br />
|räǧǧim gize kätäläyayän<br />
|-<br />
|Where are you from? spoken to a man<br />
|ከየት ነህ፧<br />
|käyät näh?<br />
|-<br />
|Where are you from? spoken to a woman<br />
|ከየት ነሽ፧<br />
|käyät näš?<br />
|-<br />
|Where are you from? formal<br />
|ከየት ኖት፧<br />
|käyät not?<br />
|-<br />
|Where are you from? spoken to a man<br />
|አንተ ከየት ነህ፧<br />
|antä käyät näh?<br />
|-<br />
|Where are you from? spoken to a woman<br />
|አንቺ ከየት ነሽ፧<br />
|anchi käyät näš?<br />
|-<br />
|Where are you from? formal<br />
|እርስዎ ከየት ኖት፧<br />
|ərswo käyät not?<br />
|-<br />
|I'm from ...<br />
|እኔ ከ ... ነኝ።<br />
|əne kä ... näň<br />
|-<br />
|I'm from ...<br />
|ከ ... ነኝ።<br />
|kä ... näň<br />
|-<br />
|Pleased to meet you<br />
|ስለተዋወቅን ደስ ብሎኛል<br />
<br />
|səlätäwawäqən däs bəloňňall<br />
|-<br />
|Goodbye informal<br />
|ቻው<br />
|chaw<br />
|-<br />
|Goodbye spoken to a man<br />
|ደህና ሁን<br />
|dähna hun<br />
|-<br />
|Goodbye spoken to a woman<br />
|ደህና ሁኚ<br />
|dähna hunyi<br />
|-<br />
|Goodbye spoken to a group of people<br />
|ደህና ሁኑ<br />
|dähna hunu<br />
|-<br />
|Good luck!<br />
|መልካም እድል - inf<br />
|mälkam əddəl<br />
|-<br />
|Cheers! Good Health! (''Toasts used when drinking'')<br />
|ለጤናችን<br />
|läṭenaččən<br />
|-<br />
|Cheers! Good Health! (''Toasts used when drinking'')<br />
|ለፍቅራችን<br />
|läfəqraččən<br />
|-<br />
|Cheers! Good Health! (''Toasts used when drinking'')<br />
|ለጓደኛነታችን<br />
|lägwadäňňannätaččən<br />
|-<br />
|Have a nice day<br />
|መልካም ቀን።<br />
<br />
|mälkam qän<br />
|-<br />
|Have a nice day - spoken to a man<br />
|መልካም ቀን ይሁንልህ።<br />
<br />
|mälkam qän yəhunəlləh<br />
|-<br />
|Have a nice day - spoken to a woman<br />
|መልካም ቀን ይሁንልሽ።<br />
<br />
|mälkam qän yəhunəlləš<br />
|-<br />
|Have a nice day - spoken to a group of people<br />
|መልካም ቀን ይሁንላችሁ።<br />
<br />
|mälkam qän yəhunəllaččhu<br />
|-<br />
|Have a nice meal - spoken to a man (eat!)<br />
|ብላ<br />
|bəla<br />
|-<br />
|Have a nice meal - spoken to a woman (eat!)<br />
|ብዪ<br />
|biy<br />
|-<br />
|Have a nice meal - spoken to a group of people (eat!)<br />
|ብሉ <br />
|bəlu<br />
|-<br />
|Have a nice meal (''good feasting)''<br />
|መልካም ምግብ<br />
|mälkam məgəb<br />
|-<br />
|Have a good journey<br />
|መልካም ጉዞ።<br />
|mälkam guzo<br />
|-<br />
|Have a good journey - spoken to a man<br />
|መልካም ጉዞ ይሁንልህ።<br />
|mälkam guzo yəhunəlləh<br />
|-<br />
|Have a good journey - spoken to a woman<br />
|መልካም ጉዞ ይሁንልሽ።<br />
|mälkam guzo yəhunəlləš<br />
|-<br />
|Have a good journey - spoken to a group of people<br />
|መልካም ጉዞ ይሁንላችሁ።<br />
|mälkam guzo yəhunəllaččhu<br />
|-<br />
|Christmas greetings<br />
|መልካም ገና<br />
|melikami gena<br />
|-<br />
|New Year greetings - spoken to a man<br />
|እንኳን አደረሰህ<br />
|ənkwan adärräsäh<br />
|-<br />
|New Year greetings - spoken to a woman<br />
|እንኳን አደረሰሽ<br />
|ənkwan adärräsäš<br />
|-<br />
|New Year greetings - formal<br />
|እንኳን አደረሱ<br />
|ənkwan adärräsu<br />
|-<br />
|New Year greetings - spoken to a group of people<br />
|እንኳን አደረሳችሁ<br />
|ənkwan adärräsaččhu<br />
|-<br />
|New Year greetings<br />
|እንኳን አብረው አደረሰን<br />
|ənkwan abräw adärräsän<br />
|-<br />
|Easter greetings<br />
|መልካም ፋሲካ<br />
|mälkam fasika<br />
|-<br />
|Birthday greetings<br />
|መልከም ልደት<br />
|mälkam lədät<br />
|-<br />
|Congratulations!<br />
|እንኳን ደስ አለዎ!<br />
|Inikwani desi ālewo!<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Videos==<br />
<br />
=== '''Learn Amharic Greetings & Leave Taking NOW | Greet Just Like ETHIOPIANS!''' ===<br />
<youtube>https://youtu.be/aq1nSaU6pgU</youtube><br />
===How to greet someone in Amharic===<br />
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PX1On0RcL28</youtube><br />
===Learn Amharic With Yeshareg! Formal and Informal Greetings===<br />
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=deaxGgOKrKM</youtube><br />
===Learn Amharic - General Greetings!===<br />
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gHjPAfp5g_U</youtube><br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
* http://users.elite.net/runner/jennifers<br />
* http://amharic.ethiopien.free.fr/index_uk.php<br />
* https://omniglot.com/language/phrases/amharic.php<br />
<br />
==Free Amharic Lessons==<br />
*'''[[Language/Amharic/Grammar|Grammar Lessons]]'''<br />
<br />
*'''[[Language/Amharic/Vocabulary|Vocabulary Lessons]]'''<br />
<br />
*'''[[Language/Amharic/Pronunciation|Pronunciation Lessons]]'''<br />
<br />
*'''[[Language/Amharic/Culture|Culture Lessons]]'''<br />
==Language Exchange==<br />
*'''[https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=5 Find members TEACHING Amharic]'''<br />
*'''[https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&dem1=5 Find members LEARNING Amharic]'''<br />
==Forum==<br />
*'''[https://polyglotclub.com/language/amharic/forum SHARE ideas about Amharic]'''<br />
*'''[https://polyglotclub.com/language/amharic/question Ask a QUESTION about Amharic]'''<br />
==Tools==<br />
*'''[https://polyglotclub.com/language/amharic/note Have your text CORRECTED in Amharic]'''<br />
*'''[https://polyglotclub.com/language/amharic/video VIDEOS to learn Amharic]'''<br />
==Marketplace==<br />
*'''[https://polyglotclub.com/services/search-jobs/?pg_offre=5 Buy or Sell SERVICES related to Amharic]'''<br />
<br />
{{#seo:<br />
|title=🤗 Say Hello and Greetings in Amharic<br />
|keywords=hello, how are you?, where are you from?, evening, afternoon, morning, night, thank you, welcome.<br />
|description=In this lesson, you will learn the most important Amharic greetings you need to know. How to say hello, how are you, good morning etc.<br />
|og:image=https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/images/thumb/6/67/Greetings-say-hello-polyglot-club.png/450px-Greetings-say-hello-polyglot-club.png<br />
}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Amharic/Beginner]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Greetings]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Say-Hello]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Jennifers]]<br />
<br />
==Other Lessons==<br />
* [[Language/Amharic/Vocabulary/Directions|Directions]]<br />
* [[Language/Amharic/Vocabulary/Months-of-the-year|Months of the year]]<br />
* [[Language/Amharic/Vocabulary/Animals|Animals]]<br />
* [[Language/Amharic/Vocabulary/Environment|Environment]]<br />
* [[Language/Amharic/Vocabulary/Asking-for-Help|Asking for Help]]<br />
* [[Language/Amharic/Vocabulary/Dairy-Products|Dairy Products]]<br />
* [[Language/Amharic/Vocabulary/Diseases|Diseases]]<br />
* [[Language/Amharic/Vocabulary/Post-office|Post office]]<br />
* [[Language/Amharic/Vocabulary/Time-Words|Time Words]]<br />
* [[Language/Amharic/Vocabulary/Clinic|Clinic]]<br />
<span links></span></div>Vincenthttps://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Verb--to-be-&diff=292120Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Verb--to-be-2024-03-24T19:18:42Z<p>Vincent: Vincent moved page Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Verb--to-be- to Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Verb-"Είμαι"</p>
<hr />
<div>#REDIRECT [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Verb-"Είμαι"]]</div>Vincenthttps://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Verb-%22%CE%95%CE%AF%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%B9%22&diff=292119Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Verb-"Είμαι"2024-03-24T19:18:42Z<p>Vincent: Vincent moved page Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Verb--to-be- to Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Verb-"Είμαι"</p>
<hr />
<div><div class="pg_page_title">Mastering the Greek Verb "Είμαι": Conjugation and Usage</div><br />
{{Modern-greek-1453-flag}}<br />
Γειά! Greek Learners! 😃<br />
<br />
Today, we delve into the heart of Greek verbal expressions by exploring the auxiliary verb "'''είμαι'''" (''to be''). This verb is not only fundamental for forming sentences but also crucial for expressing existence, identity, emotions, and relationships. <br />
<br />
== Conjugation of "Είμαι" ==<br />
<br />
The verb "είμαι" is an irregular verb in Greek. This means it does not follow the regular conjugation patterns found in the language. Understanding its conjugation is essential for anyone looking to master Greek. Here's how "είμαι" is conjugated in different tenses:<br />
<br />
=== Present Tense ===<br />
* '''Είμαι''' (''I am'')<br />
* '''Είσαι''' (''you are'' - singular)<br />
* '''Είναι''' (''he/she/it is'')<br />
* '''Είμαστε''' (''we are'')<br />
* '''Είστε''' (''you are'' - plural/formal)<br />
* '''Είναι''' (''they are'')<br />
<br />
=== Future Tense ===<br />
* '''Θα είμαι''' (''I will be'')<br />
* '''Θα είσαι''' (''you will be'' - singular)<br />
* '''Θα είναι''' (''he/she/it will be'')<br />
* '''Θα είμαστε''' (''we will be'')<br />
* '''Θα είστε''' (''you will be'' - plural/formal)<br />
* '''Θα είναι''' (''they will be'')<br />
<br />
=== Past Tense ===<br />
* '''Ήμουν''' (''I was'')<br />
* '''Ήσουν''' (''you were'' - singular)<br />
* '''Ήταν''' (''he/she/it was'')<br />
* '''Ήμασταν''' (''we were'')<br />
* '''Ήσασταν''' (''you were'' - plural/formal)<br />
* '''Ήταν''' (''they were'')<br />
<br />
== Usage of "Είμαι" ==<br />
<br />
The versatility of "είμαι" allows it to be used in various contexts:<br />
<br />
=== Existence and Identity ===<br />
* '''Είμαι εδώ.''' (''I am here.'')<br />
* '''Είσαι Έλληνας;''' (''Are you Greek?'')<br />
* '''Είναι ο δάσκαλος.''' (''He is the teacher.'')<br />
<br />
=== Emotions and States ===<br />
* '''Είμαι ευτυχισμένος.''' (''I am happy.'')<br />
* '''Είσαι κουρασμένος;''' (''Are you tired?'')<br />
* '''Είναι θυμωμένη.''' (''She is angry.'')<br />
<br />
=== Affiliations and Relationships ===<br />
* '''Είμαι φίλος του.''' (''I am his friend.'')<br />
* '''Είσαι μέλος της οικογένειας.''' (''You are a member of the family.'')<br />
* '''Είναι ο αδερφός μου.''' (''He is my brother.'')<br />
<br />
=== Descriptions and Attributes ===<br />
* '''Είναι ψηλός και αθλητικός.''' (''He is tall and athletic.'')<br />
* '''Είσαι καλός μαθητής.''' (''You are a good student.'')<br />
* '''Είμαι γεννημένος τον Ιούνιο.''' (''I was born in June.'')<br />
<br />
=== Copula in Sentences ===<br />
* '''Είναι μια όμορφη μέρα.''' (''It is a beautiful day.'')<br />
* '''Είμαστε εδώ για να βοηθήσουμε.''' (''We are here to help.'')<br />
* '''Είστε έτοιμοι για το ταξίδι;''' (''Are you ready for the trip?'')<br />
<br />
In conclusion, "είμαι" serves as the backbone for a myriad of expressions in Greek, from affirming existence to describing conditions. As an irregular verb, it may pose challenges to learners, but its widespread use and significance in conveying nuanced meanings make it a rewarding aspect of the Greek language to master.</div>Vincenthttps://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Verb-%22%CE%95%CE%AF%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%B9%22&diff=292118Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Verb-"Είμαι"2024-03-24T19:18:24Z<p>Vincent: </p>
<hr />
<div><div class="pg_page_title">Mastering the Greek Verb "Είμαι": Conjugation and Usage</div><br />
{{Modern-greek-1453-flag}}<br />
Γειά! Greek Learners! 😃<br />
<br />
Today, we delve into the heart of Greek verbal expressions by exploring the auxiliary verb "'''είμαι'''" (''to be''). This verb is not only fundamental for forming sentences but also crucial for expressing existence, identity, emotions, and relationships. <br />
<br />
== Conjugation of "Είμαι" ==<br />
<br />
The verb "είμαι" is an irregular verb in Greek. This means it does not follow the regular conjugation patterns found in the language. Understanding its conjugation is essential for anyone looking to master Greek. Here's how "είμαι" is conjugated in different tenses:<br />
<br />
=== Present Tense ===<br />
* '''Είμαι''' (''I am'')<br />
* '''Είσαι''' (''you are'' - singular)<br />
* '''Είναι''' (''he/she/it is'')<br />
* '''Είμαστε''' (''we are'')<br />
* '''Είστε''' (''you are'' - plural/formal)<br />
* '''Είναι''' (''they are'')<br />
<br />
=== Future Tense ===<br />
* '''Θα είμαι''' (''I will be'')<br />
* '''Θα είσαι''' (''you will be'' - singular)<br />
* '''Θα είναι''' (''he/she/it will be'')<br />
* '''Θα είμαστε''' (''we will be'')<br />
* '''Θα είστε''' (''you will be'' - plural/formal)<br />
* '''Θα είναι''' (''they will be'')<br />
<br />
=== Past Tense ===<br />
* '''Ήμουν''' (''I was'')<br />
* '''Ήσουν''' (''you were'' - singular)<br />
* '''Ήταν''' (''he/she/it was'')<br />
* '''Ήμασταν''' (''we were'')<br />
* '''Ήσασταν''' (''you were'' - plural/formal)<br />
* '''Ήταν''' (''they were'')<br />
<br />
== Usage of "Είμαι" ==<br />
<br />
The versatility of "είμαι" allows it to be used in various contexts:<br />
<br />
=== Existence and Identity ===<br />
* '''Είμαι εδώ.''' (''I am here.'')<br />
* '''Είσαι Έλληνας;''' (''Are you Greek?'')<br />
* '''Είναι ο δάσκαλος.''' (''He is the teacher.'')<br />
<br />
=== Emotions and States ===<br />
* '''Είμαι ευτυχισμένος.''' (''I am happy.'')<br />
* '''Είσαι κουρασμένος;''' (''Are you tired?'')<br />
* '''Είναι θυμωμένη.''' (''She is angry.'')<br />
<br />
=== Affiliations and Relationships ===<br />
* '''Είμαι φίλος του.''' (''I am his friend.'')<br />
* '''Είσαι μέλος της οικογένειας.''' (''You are a member of the family.'')<br />
* '''Είναι ο αδερφός μου.''' (''He is my brother.'')<br />
<br />
=== Descriptions and Attributes ===<br />
* '''Είναι ψηλός και αθλητικός.''' (''He is tall and athletic.'')<br />
* '''Είσαι καλός μαθητής.''' (''You are a good student.'')<br />
* '''Είμαι γεννημένος τον Ιούνιο.''' (''I was born in June.'')<br />
<br />
=== Copula in Sentences ===<br />
* '''Είναι μια όμορφη μέρα.''' (''It is a beautiful day.'')<br />
* '''Είμαστε εδώ για να βοηθήσουμε.''' (''We are here to help.'')<br />
* '''Είστε έτοιμοι για το ταξίδι;''' (''Are you ready for the trip?'')<br />
<br />
In conclusion, "είμαι" serves as the backbone for a myriad of expressions in Greek, from affirming existence to describing conditions. As an irregular verb, it may pose challenges to learners, but its widespread use and significance in conveying nuanced meanings make it a rewarding aspect of the Greek language to master.</div>Vincenthttps://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Verb-%22%CE%95%CE%AF%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%B9%22&diff=292117Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Verb-"Είμαι"2024-03-24T19:16:56Z<p>Vincent: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
<br />
Today, we delve into the heart of Greek verbal expressions by exploring the auxiliary verb "'''είμαι'''" (''to be''). This verb is not only fundamental for forming sentences but also crucial for expressing existence, identity, emotions, and relationships. <br />
<br />
== Conjugation of "Είμαι" ==<br />
<br />
The verb "είμαι" is an irregular verb in Greek. This means it does not follow the regular conjugation patterns found in the language. Understanding its conjugation is essential for anyone looking to master Greek. Here's how "είμαι" is conjugated in different tenses:<br />
<br />
=== Present Tense ===<br />
* '''Είμαι''' (''I am'')<br />
* '''Είσαι''' (''you are'' - singular)<br />
* '''Είναι''' (''he/she/it is'')<br />
* '''Είμαστε''' (''we are'')<br />
* '''Είστε''' (''you are'' - plural/formal)<br />
* '''Είναι''' (''they are'')<br />
<br />
=== Future Tense ===<br />
* '''Θα είμαι''' (''I will be'')<br />
* '''Θα είσαι''' (''you will be'' - singular)<br />
* '''Θα είναι''' (''he/she/it will be'')<br />
* '''Θα είμαστε''' (''we will be'')<br />
* '''Θα είστε''' (''you will be'' - plural/formal)<br />
* '''Θα είναι''' (''they will be'')<br />
<br />
=== Past Tense ===<br />
* '''Ήμουν''' (''I was'')<br />
* '''Ήσουν''' (''you were'' - singular)<br />
* '''Ήταν''' (''he/she/it was'')<br />
* '''Ήμασταν''' (''we were'')<br />
* '''Ήσασταν''' (''you were'' - plural/formal)<br />
* '''Ήταν''' (''they were'')<br />
<br />
== Usage of "Είμαι" ==<br />
<br />
The versatility of "είμαι" allows it to be used in various contexts:<br />
<br />
=== Existence and Identity ===<br />
* '''Είμαι εδώ.''' (''I am here.'')<br />
* '''Είσαι Έλληνας;''' (''Are you Greek?'')<br />
* '''Είναι ο δάσκαλος.''' (''He is the teacher.'')<br />
<br />
=== Emotions and States ===<br />
* '''Είμαι ευτυχισμένος.''' (''I am happy.'')<br />
* '''Είσαι κουρασμένος;''' (''Are you tired?'')<br />
* '''Είναι θυμωμένη.''' (''She is angry.'')<br />
<br />
=== Affiliations and Relationships ===<br />
* '''Είμαι φίλος του.''' (''I am his friend.'')<br />
* '''Είσαι μέλος της οικογένειας.''' (''You are a member of the family.'')<br />
* '''Είναι ο αδερφός μου.''' (''He is my brother.'')<br />
<br />
=== Descriptions and Attributes ===<br />
* '''Είναι ψηλός και αθλητικός.''' (''He is tall and athletic.'')<br />
* '''Είσαι καλός μαθητής.''' (''You are a good student.'')<br />
* '''Είμαι γεννημένος τον Ιούνιο.''' (''I was born in June.'')<br />
<br />
=== Copula in Sentences ===<br />
* '''Είναι μια όμορφη μέρα.''' (''It is a beautiful day.'')<br />
* '''Είμαστε εδώ για να βοηθήσουμε.''' (''We are here to help.'')<br />
* '''Είστε έτοιμοι για το ταξίδι;''' (''Are you ready for the trip?'')<br />
<br />
In conclusion, "είμαι" serves as the backbone for a myriad of expressions in Greek, from affirming existence to describing conditions. As an irregular verb, it may pose challenges to learners, but its widespread use and significance in conveying nuanced meanings make it a rewarding aspect of the Greek language to master.</div>Vincenthttps://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/Modern-greek-1453/Culture/Tomb-of-the-Palmettes-Mieza-Gr%C3%A8ce&diff=292116Language/Modern-greek-1453/Culture/Tomb-of-the-Palmettes-Mieza-Grèce2024-03-24T19:15:12Z<p>Vincent: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:ΤΑΦΟΣ-ΑΝΘΕΜΙΩΝ-1-678x381.jpg|thumb|The facade of the Tomb of the Palmettes.]]<br />
The '''Tomb of the Palmettes''' in Mieza, Greece, stands as a remarkable testament to the architectural and artistic achievements of the Hellenistic period in the ancient Macedonian kingdom. Discovered in the lush landscapes that once cradled the educational endeavors of Aristotle with Alexander the Great, this funerary monument captivates historians, archaeologists, and visitors with its well-preserved structure and exquisite decorative elements. Dating back to the first half of the third century BC, the tomb, alongside others such as the Tomb of Judgment, delineates the rich cultural and historical tapestry of the region. This article delves into the architectural details, historical context, and ongoing preservation efforts that highlight the significance of the Tomb of the Palmettes as a cultural heritage site and a window into Macedonia's illustrious past.<br />
<br />
<br />
== '''Tomb of the Palmettes, Mieza, Greece''' ==<br />
The '''Tomb of the Palmettes''', also known as the '''Tomb of the Flowers''', stands as one of the most magnificent and best-preserved monuments of ancient Mieza. Located alongside other notable burial sites, such as the Tomb of Judgment, it is situated merely a hundred and fifty meters to the east along the ancient road that connected Mieza with Pella, the historical capital of the Macedonian kingdom. The construction of the Tomb of the Palmettes dates back to the first half of the third century BC, placing it within the same chronological context as the nearby 'Kinch' Tomb.<br />
<br />
Discovered in 1971 following unauthorized excavations, the Tomb of the Palmettes reflects the Hellenistic period's architectural finesse. It is sometimes referred to as the Rhomiopoulou Tomb, named after its discoverer. To protect it from environmental damage, a protective metal structure was erected over the site in 1988, although restoration efforts are ongoing.<br />
<br />
[[File:tombAnthemion_mainpage (1).jpg|thumb|Detail of the palmettes on the ceiling of the antechamber, giving the tomb its name.]]<br />
<br />
The tomb's structure features two barrel-vaulted chambers and a temple-shaped façade adorned with four engaged Ionic columns alongside polychrome Ionic and Doric kymatia. Originally, the tomb's entrance was sealed by six large blocks of poros stone. Dominating the one-meter-high tympanum of the pediment is a meticulously painted scene depicting an elderly couple in repose on a symposium couch, clad in chitons and himations with elaborate folds. This scene is accentuated by the pediment's crown of three elegantly painted palmettes, showcasing exquisite chiaroscuro effects.<br />
<br />
In the antechamber, the walls are distinctly painted in two halves: black on the lower and white on the upper, separated by contrasting bands. The ceiling captivates with a series of six meticulously depicted flowers interspersed with water-lilies set against a blue-green backdrop, simulating the serene surface of a pond. Separating the antechamber from the main burial chamber is a double marble door, standing 3.50 meters tall and 0.90 meters wide, and embellished with intricate relief motifs.<br />
<br />
Within the burial chamber itself, a rectangular stone base remains, which once supported the larnax holding the remains of the deceased. The chamber's vaulted ceiling is plastered in a subtle pale yellow, while the walls mimic marble revetment with their black lower and red upper sections divided by a white band. This unique Ionic decor, notable for its detailed craftsmanship and vibrant colors, provides significant insights into the period's artistic conventions and painting techniques.<br />
<br />
Despite multiple incidents of looting throughout history, the tomb still houses sufficient remnants to illustrate the wealth of grave goods it once contained, highlighted by remarkable ivory plaques originally adorning a ceremonial bed.<br />
<br />
The Tomb of the Palmettes is currently open to visitors, with future plans to expand the protective shelter and restore the earthen tumulus that once enveloped this historic monument.<br />
<br />
'''Authored by:'''<br />
I. Psarra, Archaeologist<br />
<br />
{{Marianthi-Signature}}</div>Vincenthttps://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/Modern-greek-1453/Culture/Tomb-of-the-Palmettes-Mieza-Gr%C3%A8ce&diff=292115Language/Modern-greek-1453/Culture/Tomb-of-the-Palmettes-Mieza-Grèce2024-03-24T19:14:51Z<p>Vincent: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:ΤΑΦΟΣ-ΑΝΘΕΜΙΩΝ-1-678x381.jpg|thumb|none|The facade of the Tomb of the Palmettes.]]<br />
The '''Tomb of the Palmettes''' in Mieza, Greece, stands as a remarkable testament to the architectural and artistic achievements of the Hellenistic period in the ancient Macedonian kingdom. Discovered in the lush landscapes that once cradled the educational endeavors of Aristotle with Alexander the Great, this funerary monument captivates historians, archaeologists, and visitors with its well-preserved structure and exquisite decorative elements. Dating back to the first half of the third century BC, the tomb, alongside others such as the Tomb of Judgment, delineates the rich cultural and historical tapestry of the region. This article delves into the architectural details, historical context, and ongoing preservation efforts that highlight the significance of the Tomb of the Palmettes as a cultural heritage site and a window into Macedonia's illustrious past.<br />
<br />
<br />
== '''Tomb of the Palmettes, Mieza, Greece''' ==<br />
The '''Tomb of the Palmettes''', also known as the '''Tomb of the Flowers''', stands as one of the most magnificent and best-preserved monuments of ancient Mieza. Located alongside other notable burial sites, such as the Tomb of Judgment, it is situated merely a hundred and fifty meters to the east along the ancient road that connected Mieza with Pella, the historical capital of the Macedonian kingdom. The construction of the Tomb of the Palmettes dates back to the first half of the third century BC, placing it within the same chronological context as the nearby 'Kinch' Tomb.<br />
<br />
Discovered in 1971 following unauthorized excavations, the Tomb of the Palmettes reflects the Hellenistic period's architectural finesse. It is sometimes referred to as the Rhomiopoulou Tomb, named after its discoverer. To protect it from environmental damage, a protective metal structure was erected over the site in 1988, although restoration efforts are ongoing.<br />
<br />
[[File:tombAnthemion_mainpage (1).jpg|thumb|none|Detail of the palmettes on the ceiling of the antechamber, giving the tomb its name.]]<br />
<br />
The tomb's structure features two barrel-vaulted chambers and a temple-shaped façade adorned with four engaged Ionic columns alongside polychrome Ionic and Doric kymatia. Originally, the tomb's entrance was sealed by six large blocks of poros stone. Dominating the one-meter-high tympanum of the pediment is a meticulously painted scene depicting an elderly couple in repose on a symposium couch, clad in chitons and himations with elaborate folds. This scene is accentuated by the pediment's crown of three elegantly painted palmettes, showcasing exquisite chiaroscuro effects.<br />
<br />
In the antechamber, the walls are distinctly painted in two halves: black on the lower and white on the upper, separated by contrasting bands. The ceiling captivates with a series of six meticulously depicted flowers interspersed with water-lilies set against a blue-green backdrop, simulating the serene surface of a pond. Separating the antechamber from the main burial chamber is a double marble door, standing 3.50 meters tall and 0.90 meters wide, and embellished with intricate relief motifs.<br />
<br />
Within the burial chamber itself, a rectangular stone base remains, which once supported the larnax holding the remains of the deceased. The chamber's vaulted ceiling is plastered in a subtle pale yellow, while the walls mimic marble revetment with their black lower and red upper sections divided by a white band. This unique Ionic decor, notable for its detailed craftsmanship and vibrant colors, provides significant insights into the period's artistic conventions and painting techniques.<br />
<br />
Despite multiple incidents of looting throughout history, the tomb still houses sufficient remnants to illustrate the wealth of grave goods it once contained, highlighted by remarkable ivory plaques originally adorning a ceremonial bed.<br />
<br />
The Tomb of the Palmettes is currently open to visitors, with future plans to expand the protective shelter and restore the earthen tumulus that once enveloped this historic monument.<br />
<br />
'''Authored by:'''<br />
I. Psarra, Archaeologist<br />
<br />
{{Marianthi-Signature}}</div>Vincenthttps://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/Spanish/Vocabulary/Counting-and-Numbers&diff=292114Language/Spanish/Vocabulary/Counting-and-Numbers2024-03-24T19:10:05Z<p>Vincent: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:Spanish-Language-PolyglotClub.png|thumb]]<br />
[[File:Spanish-Countries-PolyglotClub.jpg|thumb]]<br />
'''Números''' (numbers) are an integral and universal component of Romance languages, which includes Spanish, French, Italian, Portuguese, and Romanian, among others. Unlike certain languages that lack a precise system for quantification, Romance languages incorporate an elaborate numerical system. In these cultures, números are fundamental. They serve a myriad of functions: quantifying objects (e.g., ''dos celulares''; two cellphones), counting people (e.g., ''una mesa para dos''; a table for two), specifying dates (e.g., ''el 23 de marzo de 2024, 23/3/24''; March 23, 2024, 3/23/24), indicating times (e.g., ''a las ocho''; eight o'clock), and more. Notably, the structure of Spanish numbers is relatively simpler than that of French, where 90 is expressed as "quatre-vingt-dix" (four twenties plus ten).<br />
<br />
===Basic Numbers (1-10)===<br />
The fundamental digits in Spanish, which are the cornerstone for larger numbers, are as follows:<br />
* 1 - uno<br />
* 2 - dos<br />
* 3 - tres<br />
* 4 - cuatro<br />
* 5 - cinco<br />
* 6 - seis<br />
* 7 - siete<br />
* 8 - ocho<br />
* 9 - nueve<br />
* 10 - diez<br />
<br />
These basic numbers form the foundation for constructing larger numbers in Spanish.<br />
<br />
===Tens and Units (11-99)===<br />
Apart from the basic digits, understanding the tens is crucial in Spanish:<br />
* 20 - veinte<br />
<br />
For numbers between 21 and 29, combine "veinte" with the units without using 'y':<br />
* 21 - veintiuno<br />
* 22 - veintidós<br />
* 23 - veintitrés<br />
* 24 - veinticuatro<br />
* 25 - veinticinco<br />
* 26 - veintiséis<br />
* 27 - veintisiete<br />
* 28 - veintiocho<br />
* 29 - veintinueve<br />
<br />
<br />
For numbers 30 and beyond, combine the tens and the units using 'y' (and):<br />
* 30 - treinta<br />
* 40 - cuarenta<br />
* 50 - cincuenta<br />
* 60 - sesenta<br />
* 70 - setenta<br />
* 80 - ochenta<br />
* 90 - noventa<br />
Examples:<br />
* 33 - treinta y tres<br />
* 46 - cuarenta y seis<br />
* 72 - setenta y dos<br />
<br />
===Teens (11-19)===<br />
The numbers from 11 to 19 are unique and need to be memorized:<br />
* 11 - once<br />
* 12 - doce<br />
* 13 - trece<br />
* 14 - catorce<br />
* 15 - quince<br />
* 16 - dieciséis<br />
* 17 - diecisiete<br />
* 18 - dieciocho<br />
* 19 - diecinueve<br />
<br />
These form an essential part of the numerical system and are used frequently in everyday conversation.<br />
<br />
===Larger Numbers (100 and beyond)===<br />
For larger quantities, the structure in Spanish is as follows, expanding from the basics:<br />
* 100 - cien (for exactly 100) or ciento (for 101 onwards, e.g., ciento uno, ciento dos)<br />
* 1,000 - mil<br />
* 10,000 - diez mil<br />
* 100,000 - cien mil<br />
* 1,000,000 - un millón<br />
* 1,000,000,000 - mil millones<br />
<br />
For numbers larger than a million, Spanish uses the plural form (e.g., ''dos millones'' for two million). Note that unlike English, Spanish uses a decimal comma and a thousand separator point (e.g., 1.000,00 for one thousand).<br />
<br />
By mastering these numbers, Spanish speakers and learners can express virtually any numerical concept needed in daily life.</div>Vincenthttps://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/Spanish/Vocabulary/Counting-and-Numbers&diff=292113Language/Spanish/Vocabulary/Counting-and-Numbers2024-03-24T19:09:32Z<p>Vincent: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
'''Números''' (numbers) are an integral and universal component of Romance languages, which includes Spanish, French, Italian, Portuguese, and Romanian, among others. Unlike certain languages that lack a precise system for quantification, Romance languages incorporate an elaborate numerical system. In these cultures, números are fundamental. They serve a myriad of functions: quantifying objects (e.g., ''dos celulares''; two cellphones), counting people (e.g., ''una mesa para dos''; a table for two), specifying dates (e.g., ''el 23 de marzo de 2024, 23/3/24''; March 23, 2024, 3/23/24), indicating times (e.g., ''a las ocho''; eight o'clock), and more. Notably, the structure of Spanish numbers is relatively simpler than that of French, where 90 is expressed as "quatre-vingt-dix" (four twenties plus ten).<br />
<br />
===Basic Numbers (1-10)===<br />
The fundamental digits in Spanish, which are the cornerstone for larger numbers, are as follows:<br />
* 1 - uno<br />
* 2 - dos<br />
* 3 - tres<br />
* 4 - cuatro<br />
* 5 - cinco<br />
* 6 - seis<br />
* 7 - siete<br />
* 8 - ocho<br />
* 9 - nueve<br />
* 10 - diez<br />
<br />
These basic numbers form the foundation for constructing larger numbers in Spanish.<br />
<br />
===Tens and Units (11-99)===<br />
Apart from the basic digits, understanding the tens is crucial in Spanish:<br />
* 20 - veinte<br />
<br />
For numbers between 21 and 29, combine "veinte" with the units without using 'y':<br />
* 21 - veintiuno<br />
* 22 - veintidós<br />
* 23 - veintitrés<br />
* 24 - veinticuatro<br />
* 25 - veinticinco<br />
* 26 - veintiséis<br />
* 27 - veintisiete<br />
* 28 - veintiocho<br />
* 29 - veintinueve<br />
<br />
<br />
For numbers 30 and beyond, combine the tens and the units using 'y' (and):<br />
* 30 - treinta<br />
* 40 - cuarenta<br />
* 50 - cincuenta<br />
* 60 - sesenta<br />
* 70 - setenta<br />
* 80 - ochenta<br />
* 90 - noventa<br />
Examples:<br />
* 33 - treinta y tres<br />
* 46 - cuarenta y seis<br />
* 72 - setenta y dos<br />
<br />
===Teens (11-19)===<br />
The numbers from 11 to 19 are unique and need to be memorized:<br />
* 11 - once<br />
* 12 - doce<br />
* 13 - trece<br />
* 14 - catorce<br />
* 15 - quince<br />
* 16 - dieciséis<br />
* 17 - diecisiete<br />
* 18 - dieciocho<br />
* 19 - diecinueve<br />
<br />
These form an essential part of the numerical system and are used frequently in everyday conversation.<br />
<br />
===Larger Numbers (100 and beyond)===<br />
For larger quantities, the structure in Spanish is as follows, expanding from the basics:<br />
* 100 - cien (for exactly 100) or ciento (for 101 onwards, e.g., ciento uno, ciento dos)<br />
* 1,000 - mil<br />
* 10,000 - diez mil<br />
* 100,000 - cien mil<br />
* 1,000,000 - un millón<br />
* 1,000,000,000 - mil millones<br />
<br />
For numbers larger than a million, Spanish uses the plural form (e.g., ''dos millones'' for two million). Note that unlike English, Spanish uses a decimal comma and a thousand separator point (e.g., 1.000,00 for one thousand).<br />
<br />
By mastering these numbers, Spanish speakers and learners can express virtually any numerical concept needed in daily life.</div>Vincenthttps://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/Standard-moroccan-tamazight/Vocabulary/How-to-say-Good-Bye%3F&diff=291998Language/Standard-moroccan-tamazight/Vocabulary/How-to-say-Good-Bye?2024-03-18T22:24:43Z<p>Vincent: /* Quiz */</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
{{Standard-moroccan-tamazight-Page-Top}}<br />
<br />
<div class="pg_page_title">Standard Moroccan Tamazight Vocabulary - How to say "Good Bye"?</div><br />
Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/standard-moroccan-tamazight Standard Moroccan Tamazight] learners! 😊<br>In this lesson, we will learn how to say "Good Bye" in Standard Moroccan Tamazight. We will also learn some other useful phrases and expressions related to saying goodbye. __TOC__<br />
<br />
<br />
<span link>Consider exploring these related pages after completing this lesson: [[Language/Standard-moroccan-tamazight/Vocabulary/Education|Education]] & [[Language/Standard-moroccan-tamazight/Vocabulary/Animal|Animal]].</span> <br />
== Words ==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Standard Moroccan Tamazight !! Pronunciation !! English Translation<br />
|-<br />
| ɣef tmurt || /ɣef tmurt/ || Goodbye<br />
|-<br />
| ɣef lɛahd || /ɣef lɛahd/ || Goodbye (formal)<br />
|-<br />
| ɣef lɛahd n tmurt || /ɣef lɛahd n tmurt/ || Goodbye to all<br />
|-<br />
| ɣef lɛahd n tmurt nneɣ || /ɣef lɛahd n tmurt nneɣ/ || Goodbye everyone<br />
|-<br />
| ɣef lɛahd n tmurt nneɣ n lɛahd || /ɣef lɛahd n tmurt nneɣ n lɛahd/ || Goodbye everyone and good luck<br />
|-<br />
| ɣef lɛahd n tmurt nneɣ n lɛahd n tmurt || /ɣef lɛahd n tmurt nneɣ n lɛahd n tmurt/ || Goodbye everyone and good luck to all<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Quiz ==<br />
Test your knowledge of Standard Moroccan Tamazight goodbye phrases with the following quiz:<br />
<br />
===1. How do you say "Goodbye" in Standard Moroccan Tamazight?===<br />
<br />
A. ɣef tmurt<br />
<br />
B. ɣef lɛahd<br />
<br />
C. ɣef lɛahd n tmurt<br />
<br />
===2. How do you say "Goodbye everyone and good luck" in Standard Moroccan Tamazight?===<br />
<br />
A. ɣef lɛahd n tmurt nneɣ<br />
<br />
B. ɣef lɛahd n tmurt nneɣ n lɛahd<br />
<br />
C. ɣef lɛahd n tmurt nneɣ n lɛahd n tmurt<br />
<br />
Answers: 1. A, 2. B<br />
<br />
To improve your [[Language/Standard-moroccan-tamazight|Standard Moroccan Tamazight]] [[Language/Standard-moroccan-tamazight/Vocabulary|Vocabulary]], you can also use the [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] website. [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=16 Find native speakers] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/standard-moroccan-tamazight/question questions]!<br />
<br />
{{#seo:<br />
|title=Say Goodbye in Standard Moroccan Tamazight<br />
|keywords=goodbye, Standard Moroccan Tamazight, goodbye phrases, goodbye expressions<br />
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to say "Good Bye" in Standard Moroccan Tamazight. We will also learn some other useful phrases and expressions related to saying goodbye.<br />
}}<br />
<br />
➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎<br />
<br />
==Other Lessons==<br />
* [[Language/Standard-moroccan-tamazight/Vocabulary/Education|Education]]<br />
* [[Language/Standard-moroccan-tamazight/Vocabulary/Languages|Languages]]<br />
* [[Language/Standard-moroccan-tamazight/Vocabulary/Days-of-the-Week|Days of the Week]]<br />
* [[Language/Standard-moroccan-tamazight/Vocabulary/Feelings-and-Emotions|Feelings and Emotions]]<br />
* [[Language/Standard-moroccan-tamazight/Vocabulary/Food|Food]]<br />
* [[Language/Standard-moroccan-tamazight/Vocabulary/Drinks|Drinks]]<br />
* [[Language/Standard-moroccan-tamazight/Vocabulary/Greetings|Greetings]]<br />
* [[Language/Standard-moroccan-tamazight/Vocabulary/How-to-Say-Hello-and-Greetings|How to Say Hello and Greetings]]<br />
* [[Language/Standard-moroccan-tamazight/Vocabulary/Count-from-1-to-10|Count from 1 to 10]]<br />
* [[Language/Standard-moroccan-tamazight/Vocabulary/Count-to-10|Count to 10]]<br />
<br />
{{Standard-moroccan-tamazight-Page-Bottom}}<br />
<span links></span></div>Vincenthttps://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/Standard-moroccan-tamazight/Vocabulary/How-to-say-Good-Bye%3F&diff=291997Language/Standard-moroccan-tamazight/Vocabulary/How-to-say-Good-Bye?2024-03-18T22:24:27Z<p>Vincent: /* Quiz */</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
{{Standard-moroccan-tamazight-Page-Top}}<br />
<br />
<div class="pg_page_title">Standard Moroccan Tamazight Vocabulary - How to say "Good Bye"?</div><br />
Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/standard-moroccan-tamazight Standard Moroccan Tamazight] learners! 😊<br>In this lesson, we will learn how to say "Good Bye" in Standard Moroccan Tamazight. We will also learn some other useful phrases and expressions related to saying goodbye. __TOC__<br />
<br />
<br />
<span link>Consider exploring these related pages after completing this lesson: [[Language/Standard-moroccan-tamazight/Vocabulary/Education|Education]] & [[Language/Standard-moroccan-tamazight/Vocabulary/Animal|Animal]].</span> <br />
== Words ==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Standard Moroccan Tamazight !! Pronunciation !! English Translation<br />
|-<br />
| ɣef tmurt || /ɣef tmurt/ || Goodbye<br />
|-<br />
| ɣef lɛahd || /ɣef lɛahd/ || Goodbye (formal)<br />
|-<br />
| ɣef lɛahd n tmurt || /ɣef lɛahd n tmurt/ || Goodbye to all<br />
|-<br />
| ɣef lɛahd n tmurt nneɣ || /ɣef lɛahd n tmurt nneɣ/ || Goodbye everyone<br />
|-<br />
| ɣef lɛahd n tmurt nneɣ n lɛahd || /ɣef lɛahd n tmurt nneɣ n lɛahd/ || Goodbye everyone and good luck<br />
|-<br />
| ɣef lɛahd n tmurt nneɣ n lɛahd n tmurt || /ɣef lɛahd n tmurt nneɣ n lɛahd n tmurt/ || Goodbye everyone and good luck to all<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Quiz ==<br />
Test your knowledge of Standard Moroccan Tamazight goodbye phrases with the following quiz:<br />
<br />
1. How do you say "Goodbye" in Standard Moroccan Tamazight?<br />
<br />
A. ɣef tmurt<br />
<br />
B. ɣef lɛahd<br />
<br />
C. ɣef lɛahd n tmurt<br />
<br />
2. How do you say "Goodbye everyone and good luck" in Standard Moroccan Tamazight?<br />
<br />
A. ɣef lɛahd n tmurt nneɣ<br />
<br />
B. ɣef lɛahd n tmurt nneɣ n lɛahd<br />
<br />
C. ɣef lɛahd n tmurt nneɣ n lɛahd n tmurt<br />
<br />
Answers: 1. A, 2. B<br />
<br />
To improve your [[Language/Standard-moroccan-tamazight|Standard Moroccan Tamazight]] [[Language/Standard-moroccan-tamazight/Vocabulary|Vocabulary]], you can also use the [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] website. [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=16 Find native speakers] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/standard-moroccan-tamazight/question questions]!<br />
<br />
{{#seo:<br />
|title=Say Goodbye in Standard Moroccan Tamazight<br />
|keywords=goodbye, Standard Moroccan Tamazight, goodbye phrases, goodbye expressions<br />
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to say "Good Bye" in Standard Moroccan Tamazight. We will also learn some other useful phrases and expressions related to saying goodbye.<br />
}}<br />
<br />
➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎<br />
<br />
==Other Lessons==<br />
* [[Language/Standard-moroccan-tamazight/Vocabulary/Education|Education]]<br />
* [[Language/Standard-moroccan-tamazight/Vocabulary/Languages|Languages]]<br />
* [[Language/Standard-moroccan-tamazight/Vocabulary/Days-of-the-Week|Days of the Week]]<br />
* [[Language/Standard-moroccan-tamazight/Vocabulary/Feelings-and-Emotions|Feelings and Emotions]]<br />
* [[Language/Standard-moroccan-tamazight/Vocabulary/Food|Food]]<br />
* [[Language/Standard-moroccan-tamazight/Vocabulary/Drinks|Drinks]]<br />
* [[Language/Standard-moroccan-tamazight/Vocabulary/Greetings|Greetings]]<br />
* [[Language/Standard-moroccan-tamazight/Vocabulary/How-to-Say-Hello-and-Greetings|How to Say Hello and Greetings]]<br />
* [[Language/Standard-moroccan-tamazight/Vocabulary/Count-from-1-to-10|Count from 1 to 10]]<br />
* [[Language/Standard-moroccan-tamazight/Vocabulary/Count-to-10|Count to 10]]<br />
<br />
{{Standard-moroccan-tamazight-Page-Bottom}}<br />
<span links></span></div>Vincenthttps://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Astronomy&diff=291991Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Astronomy2024-03-17T09:38:55Z<p>Vincent: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Shona-Page-Top}}<br />
[[File:solarsystem.jpg|thumb]]<br />
On this page, we will learn about astronomy in Shona. It is important to inform and understand, that much of the Shona language - as well as the languages that fall within this category - are still under development to encompass all aspects of modern science. You will find that other aspects, be it stars or otherwise may have native Shona names whilst others may have borrowed names. <br />
__TOC__<br />
In terms of borrowing, Shona historically borrows from Swahili (Arabic, Persian - much of it via Swahili), Afrikaans, Portuguese, English, and other surrounding Bantu languages due to proximity. Additionally, when borrowing new terms in current times, Shona follows the same system, although reversed, surrounding Bantu languages first, particularly those that are closely related to the Shona people and their language such as Venda, Tonga, Tsonga, Chewa, etcetera. Then Swahili, then Portuguese, then English, with Afrikaans (rarely as of present) and other world languages being a last option unless the concept in need of translation is directly derived from a specific people. <br />
<br />
==Astronomy Vocabulary==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Shona word<br />
!English Translation<br />
!<br />
|-<br />
|Sainzi / Guruzivo<br />
|Science<br />
|Sainzi derives from English. <br />
Guruzivo describes the function of science as a concept.<br />
|-<br />
|Tendarevesainzi / Tendarevezivo<br />
|Pseudoscience<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Upanganyedzi /Upanganyeredzi<br />
|Astronomy<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Ruambanyeredzi / Unenanyeredzi<br />
|Astrology<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Ruambarhadenga / Unenarhadenga<br />
|Cosmology<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
| colspan="2" |<br />
|-<br />
|Zuva<br />
|Sun<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Mwedzi<br />
|Moon<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Chamushana / chazuva<br />
|Solar<br />
|i.e. Karenda yechamushana (solar calendar)<br />
|-<br />
|Mutandiro wemushana<br />
|Solar System<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Chamwedzi<br />
|Lunar<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Nyeredzi / Nyenyedzi<br />
|Star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Chanyedzi<br />
|Stellar<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Hudzitirwa<br />
|Eclipse<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Denga<br />
|Sky<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Chadenga<br />
|Space, outer-space<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Pasirose<br />
|World<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Chindeya<br />
|Planet<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Chindeyana<br />
|Dwarf planet<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Rudunhumwe<br />
|Universe<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Rhadenga<br />
|Cosmos<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Muzvcazi<br />
|Galaxy<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Gwararezhou / Gwararakurumbi<br />
|The Milky Way Galaxy<br />
|Gwararezhou is "the path of the elephant", variation Gwararenzou.<br />
Gwara raKurumbi "the path of Kurumbi".<br />
|-<br />
|Unganyeredzi<br />
|Constellation<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Hatomu<br />
|Atom<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Mhodzigetsi<br />
|Electron<br />
|Meaning literally 'Electric seed'<br />
|-<br />
|Dararabari / Darararito<br />
|Proton<br />
|Dararabari meaning "positive spark"<br />
Purutoni following English.<br />
|-<br />
|Ribarinjee / Chibarinjee / Sasinjee<br />
|Neutron<br />
|Meaning literally 'neutral/general spark, ordinary spark'<br />
Nyutironi following English.<br />
|-<br />
|Sebhe<br />
|Matter<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Gunganidzo<br />
|Gravity<br />
|Meaning "gathering"<br />
|-<br />
|Huremu / Ndemu<br />
|Mass<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Svosvobwauzuru<br />
|Meteoroid<br />
|Meaning 'heaven/sky meteor'<br />
|-<br />
|Svosvobwa<br />
|Meteor, shooting star<br />
|Meaning 'shooting star'<br />
|-<br />
|Svosvobwaunda<br />
|Meteorite<br />
|Meaning 'land meteor'<br />
|-<br />
|Ribwendeya (''or'' Chibwendeya)<br />
|Asteroid<br />
|Meaning literally 'stone object, stone planet'<br />
|-<br />
|Rimuswenyedzi (''or'' Chimuswenyedzi)<br />
|Comet<br />
|Meaning literally 'tailed star'.<br />
|-<br />
|Rifanadzvanyedzi<br />
|Nova, Novae<br />
|Meaning "like a new star"<br />
|-<br />
|Chamudhuvhuranyedzi<br />
|Supernova, Supernovae<br />
|Meaning "bursting star"<br />
|-<br />
|Chamupfunga<br />
|Nebula<br />
|Meaning "vapour"<br />
|-<br />
|Gumbanyedzi<br />
|Asterism<br />
|Meaning "star group"<br />
|-<br />
|Sumbu renyeredzi<br />
|Star cluster<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Unye wegetsimagineti<br />
|Electromagnetic radiation<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Boterero<br />
|Orbit<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Muchacha wembunyuko / Muchacha wemutizo<br />
|Escape velocity<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Sumbu rechembumbwa<br />
|Globular cluster<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Tsazavusiku<br />
|Equinox<br />
|Tsaza- is equi, nox/noct- which is night is vusiku<br />
|-<br />
|Zuvaragodza<br />
|Solstice<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Nangazira<br />
|Spectrum<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Mazhara / Nyamazhara<br />
|Small Magellanic Cloud<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Maguta / Nyamaguta<br />
|Large Magellanic Cloud<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="3" |<br />
|-<br />
|Dongorahweva / Chiringakure<br />
|Telescope<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Chidenengwa / Satiraiti<br />
|Satellite<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Jingamweya / Guteromweya<br />
|Atmosphere<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Planets in Shona==<br />
''Planet'' is '''Chindeya''' in Shona, and ''Planets'' are called '''Zvindeya'''.<br />
<br />
Note the use of Chi- in singular form and Zvi- in plural form.<br />
<br />
The Shona sky had 6 planets originally named, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto (which is no longer a planet) were not named due to how difficult they were to sight. It is also possible that Uranus could be an exception due to the fact that it can in fact be seen in the sky as blue dot in the far distance.<br />
<br />
===Main Planets in Shona===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Planets in Shona<br />
!English Translation<br />
!<br />
|-<br />
|Nyamatsatse<br />
|Mercury<br />
|Variations, Nyamatsatsi. <br />
Was often confused with Venus, hence they bare the same name.<br />
|-<br />
|Hweva<br />
|Venus<br />
|Also Nyamatsatsi, Masase/Masasi, Nhanda, Marinda, Murongo - all meaning 'morning' and 'evening star'.<br />
|-<br />
|Rinopasi<br />
|Earth<br />
|Meaning literally 'this land, this earth'<br />
|-<br />
|Murongazuva<br />
|Mars<br />
|Meaning 'one who arranges the day'<br />
|-<br />
|Vhenekeratsvimborume<br />
|Jupiter<br />
|Meaning 'lights the path of bachelor'<br />
|-<br />
|Chirema<br />
|Saturn<br />
|Chirema meaning 'lame/abnormal star' due to its rings.<br />
Also '''Chiremera''', meaning 'dignity'.<br />
|-<br />
|Rivusamatenga (or ''Yuranisi'')<br />
|Uranus<br />
|Proposed name. Meaning literally 'the governor of the heavens/above'. <br />
'''Yuranisi''' is also used, derives from Latin.<br />
|-<br />
|Nyn'aimamushana / Nyavusamadzi<br />
|Neptune<br />
|Proposed names. <br />
Nyn'aimamushana is 'one who shines in sunlight' due to its reflectiveness of sunlight.<br />
<br />
Nyavusamadzi, meaning literally 'governor of the waters'.<br />
<br />
'''Neputoni''' also used derives from Latin.<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="3" |<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Dwarf planets ===<br />
Minor-planets or dwarf planets are called '''Chindeyana''' (singular) and '''Zvindeyana''' (plural) in Shona.<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Dwarf planets in Shona<br />
!English Translation<br />
!<br />
|-<br />
|Njondi<br />
|Pluto<br />
|Proposed named.<br />
Based on definition of Pluto meaning 'wealthy one'.<br />
|-<br />
|Chirisa<br />
|Ceres<br />
|Proposed name. <br />
Based on definition, Chirisa also means 'nourishment'<br />
|-<br />
|Ẋaumeya<br />
|Haumea<br />
| rowspan="6" |Yet to be given native names, instead uses Shonarised names. <br />
|-<br />
|Makemake<br />
|Makemake<br />
|-<br />
|Herisi<br />
|Eris<br />
|-<br />
|Sanha<br />
|90377 Sedna<br />
|-<br />
|Kwawari<br />
|50000 Quaoar<br />
|-<br />
|Gon'on'u<br />
|225088 Gongong<br />
|-<br />
|Shoromi<br />
|90482 Orcus<br />
|Orcus and Pluto were named similiar, and so Shoromi was proposed.<br />
|-<br />
|Chai<br />
|120347 Salacia<br />
|Salacia means 'salt', so Chai was proposed.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Stars in Shona==<br />
''Star'' is nyeredzi or nyenyedzi in Shona, even in plural.<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Stars in Shona<br />
!English Translation<br />
!<br />
|-<br />
|Qhayanyedzi / Nhanganyedzi<br />
|Protostar<br />
|Meaning literally "beginning star"<br />
|-<br />
|Riungunyedzi<br />
|Blue Star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Nyedzana<br />
|Dwarf star<br />
|Meaning literally "baby star"<br />
|-<br />
|Nyedzana yehuroro<br />
|Yellow Dwarf star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Nyedzana yeranjisi<br />
|Orange Dwarf star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Nyedzana itsvuku<br />
|Red Dwarf star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Zinyedzi iungu<br />
|Blue Giant Star<br />
|Zi- is a prefix that signifies large things.<br />
|-<br />
|Zigurunyedzi riungu<br />
|Blue Supergiant star<br />
|Guru- means great.<br />
Hence Ziguru essentially is "big great"<br />
|-<br />
|Zinyedzi itsvuku<br />
|Red Giant star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Zigurunyedzi riungu<br />
|Red Supergiant star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Nyedzana ichena<br />
|White Dwarf star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Nyedzana itema<br />
|Black Dwarf star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Nyedzana yembise<br />
|Brown Dwarf star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Chibarinjeenyedzi<br />
|Neutron star<br />
|General spark star/neutral spark star<br />
|-<br />
|Chazvuvarima<br />
|Black Hole<br />
|Proposed name. Meaning literally 'a pulling darkness'<br />
|-<br />
| -<br />
|Pulsar<br />
| rowspan="4" |No native names given or proposed so English names used.<br />
|-<br />
| -<br />
|Quasar<br />
|-<br />
| -<br />
|Blazar<br />
|-<br />
| -<br />
|Magnetar<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="3" |<br />
|-<br />
|Zuva<br />
|Sun<br />
|Native name<br />
|-<br />
|Gwevamasiku<br />
|Sirius<br />
|Drawer of the night, due to being bright like Venus.<br />
|-<br />
|Rinyanga<br />
|Canopus<br />
|native name, Horned star<br />
|-<br />
|Ndemara<br />
|Fomalhaut<br />
|native name<br />
|-<br />
|Chisimira / Chimutanhatu / Chirimera<br />
|Pleaides<br />
|Native names.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
==Astronomy in Shona Quiz==<br />
<br />
===Questions===<br />
<br />
Test your knowledge of the astronomy terms in Shona learned from the previous section. Good luck!<br />
<br />
;1. What is the Shona term for 'Science'?<br />
:a. Guruzivo<br />
:b. Tendarevesainzi<br />
:c. Upanganyedzi<br />
:d. Ruambanyeredzi<br />
<br />
;2. How is 'Astronomy' translated into Shona?<br />
:a. Chamushana<br />
:b. Upanganyedzi<br />
:c. Chamwedzi<br />
:d. Nyeredzi<br />
<br />
;3. What does 'Chindeya' refer to in Shona astronomy vocabulary?<br />
:a. Comet<br />
:b. Planet<br />
:c. Star<br />
:d. Meteor<br />
<br />
;4. What Shona word is used for 'Eclipse'?<br />
:a. Chadenga<br />
:b. Hudzitirwa<br />
:c. Gwararezhou<br />
:d. Sumbu renyeredzi<br />
<br />
;5. Which of the following terms means 'Meteorite' in Shona?<br />
:a. Svosvobwauzuru<br />
:b. Svosvobwaunda<br />
:c. Svosvobwa<br />
:d. Rimuswenyedzi<br />
<br />
;6. The Shona word for 'Galaxy' is:<br />
:a. Chamupfunga<br />
:b. Muzvcazi<br />
:c. Chamudhuvhuranyedzi<br />
:d. Gumbanyedzi<br />
<br />
;7. 'Nyamatsatse' is the Shona name for which planet?<br />
:a. Mars<br />
:b. Mercury<br />
:c. Jupiter<br />
:d. Venus<br />
<br />
;8. What does 'Rinopasi' stand for in Shona?<br />
:a. Saturn<br />
:b. Earth<br />
:c. Neptune<br />
:d. Uranus<br />
<br />
;9. The term 'Chirema' in Shona refers to which planet?<br />
:a. Jupiter<br />
:b. Saturn<br />
:c. Mars<br />
:d. Venus<br />
<br />
;10. 'Gwevamasiku' in Shona astronomy refers to what?<br />
:a. Canopus<br />
:b. Sirius<br />
:c. Fomalhaut<br />
:d. Pleiades<br />
<br />
===Answers to Astronomy in Shona Quiz===<br />
Below are the correct answers to the quiz. Compare your answers and see how well you've learned the Shona astronomy terms:<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Question Number !! Correct Answer !! Term in Shona<br />
|-<br />
| 1 || a || Guruzivo<br />
|-<br />
| 2 || b || Upanganyedzi<br />
|-<br />
| 3 || b || Planet (Chindeya)<br />
|-<br />
| 4 || b || Hudzitirwa<br />
|-<br />
| 5 || b || Svosvobwaunda<br />
|-<br />
| 6 || b || Muzvcazi<br />
|-<br />
| 7 || b || Mercury (Nyamatsatse)<br />
|-<br />
| 8 || b || Earth (Rinopasi)<br />
|-<br />
| 9 || b || Saturn (Chirema)<br />
|-<br />
| 10 || b || Sirius (Gwevamasiku)<br />
|}<br />
<br />
Review your answers and reflect on your understanding of Shona astronomy vocabulary!</div>Vincenthttps://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=File:Solarsystem.jpg&diff=291990File:Solarsystem.jpg2024-03-17T09:38:48Z<p>Vincent: File uploaded with MsUpload</p>
<hr />
<div>File uploaded with MsUpload</div>Vincenthttps://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Astronomy&diff=291989Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Astronomy2024-03-17T09:37:04Z<p>Vincent: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Shona-Page-Top}}<br />
On this page, we will learn about astronomy in Shona. It is important to inform and understand, that much of the Shona language - as well as the languages that fall within this category - are still under development to encompass all aspects of modern science. You will find that other aspects, be it stars or otherwise may have native Shona names whilst others may have borrowed names. <br />
__TOC__<br />
In terms of borrowing, Shona historically borrows from Swahili (Arabic, Persian - much of it via Swahili), Afrikaans, Portuguese, English, and other surrounding Bantu languages due to proximity. Additionally, when borrowing new terms in current times, Shona follows the same system, although reversed, surrounding Bantu languages first, particularly those that are closely related to the Shona people and their language such as Venda, Tonga, Tsonga, Chewa, etcetera. Then Swahili, then Portuguese, then English, with Afrikaans (rarely as of present) and other world languages being a last option unless the concept in need of translation is directly derived from a specific people. <br />
<br />
==Astronomy Vocabulary==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Shona word<br />
!English Translation<br />
!<br />
|-<br />
|Sainzi / Guruzivo<br />
|Science<br />
|Sainzi derives from English. <br />
Guruzivo describes the function of science as a concept.<br />
|-<br />
|Tendarevesainzi / Tendarevezivo<br />
|Pseudoscience<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Upanganyedzi /Upanganyeredzi<br />
|Astronomy<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Ruambanyeredzi / Unenanyeredzi<br />
|Astrology<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Ruambarhadenga / Unenarhadenga<br />
|Cosmology<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
| colspan="2" |<br />
|-<br />
|Zuva<br />
|Sun<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Mwedzi<br />
|Moon<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Chamushana / chazuva<br />
|Solar<br />
|i.e. Karenda yechamushana (solar calendar)<br />
|-<br />
|Mutandiro wemushana<br />
|Solar System<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Chamwedzi<br />
|Lunar<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Nyeredzi / Nyenyedzi<br />
|Star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Chanyedzi<br />
|Stellar<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Hudzitirwa<br />
|Eclipse<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Denga<br />
|Sky<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Chadenga<br />
|Space, outer-space<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Pasirose<br />
|World<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Chindeya<br />
|Planet<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Chindeyana<br />
|Dwarf planet<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Rudunhumwe<br />
|Universe<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Rhadenga<br />
|Cosmos<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Muzvcazi<br />
|Galaxy<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Gwararezhou / Gwararakurumbi<br />
|The Milky Way Galaxy<br />
|Gwararezhou is "the path of the elephant", variation Gwararenzou.<br />
Gwara raKurumbi "the path of Kurumbi".<br />
|-<br />
|Unganyeredzi<br />
|Constellation<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Hatomu<br />
|Atom<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Mhodzigetsi<br />
|Electron<br />
|Meaning literally 'Electric seed'<br />
|-<br />
|Dararabari / Darararito<br />
|Proton<br />
|Dararabari meaning "positive spark"<br />
Purutoni following English.<br />
|-<br />
|Ribarinjee / Chibarinjee / Sasinjee<br />
|Neutron<br />
|Meaning literally 'neutral/general spark, ordinary spark'<br />
Nyutironi following English.<br />
|-<br />
|Sebhe<br />
|Matter<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Gunganidzo<br />
|Gravity<br />
|Meaning "gathering"<br />
|-<br />
|Huremu / Ndemu<br />
|Mass<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Svosvobwauzuru<br />
|Meteoroid<br />
|Meaning 'heaven/sky meteor'<br />
|-<br />
|Svosvobwa<br />
|Meteor, shooting star<br />
|Meaning 'shooting star'<br />
|-<br />
|Svosvobwaunda<br />
|Meteorite<br />
|Meaning 'land meteor'<br />
|-<br />
|Ribwendeya (''or'' Chibwendeya)<br />
|Asteroid<br />
|Meaning literally 'stone object, stone planet'<br />
|-<br />
|Rimuswenyedzi (''or'' Chimuswenyedzi)<br />
|Comet<br />
|Meaning literally 'tailed star'.<br />
|-<br />
|Rifanadzvanyedzi<br />
|Nova, Novae<br />
|Meaning "like a new star"<br />
|-<br />
|Chamudhuvhuranyedzi<br />
|Supernova, Supernovae<br />
|Meaning "bursting star"<br />
|-<br />
|Chamupfunga<br />
|Nebula<br />
|Meaning "vapour"<br />
|-<br />
|Gumbanyedzi<br />
|Asterism<br />
|Meaning "star group"<br />
|-<br />
|Sumbu renyeredzi<br />
|Star cluster<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Unye wegetsimagineti<br />
|Electromagnetic radiation<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Boterero<br />
|Orbit<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Muchacha wembunyuko / Muchacha wemutizo<br />
|Escape velocity<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Sumbu rechembumbwa<br />
|Globular cluster<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Tsazavusiku<br />
|Equinox<br />
|Tsaza- is equi, nox/noct- which is night is vusiku<br />
|-<br />
|Zuvaragodza<br />
|Solstice<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Nangazira<br />
|Spectrum<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Mazhara / Nyamazhara<br />
|Small Magellanic Cloud<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Maguta / Nyamaguta<br />
|Large Magellanic Cloud<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="3" |<br />
|-<br />
|Dongorahweva / Chiringakure<br />
|Telescope<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Chidenengwa / Satiraiti<br />
|Satellite<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Jingamweya / Guteromweya<br />
|Atmosphere<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Planets in Shona==<br />
''Planet'' is '''Chindeya''' in Shona, and ''Planets'' are called '''Zvindeya'''.<br />
<br />
Note the use of Chi- in singular form and Zvi- in plural form.<br />
<br />
The Shona sky had 6 planets originally named, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto (which is no longer a planet) were not named due to how difficult they were to sight. It is also possible that Uranus could be an exception due to the fact that it can in fact be seen in the sky as blue dot in the far distance.<br />
<br />
===Main Planets in Shona===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Planets in Shona<br />
!English Translation<br />
!<br />
|-<br />
|Nyamatsatse<br />
|Mercury<br />
|Variations, Nyamatsatsi. <br />
Was often confused with Venus, hence they bare the same name.<br />
|-<br />
|Hweva<br />
|Venus<br />
|Also Nyamatsatsi, Masase/Masasi, Nhanda, Marinda, Murongo - all meaning 'morning' and 'evening star'.<br />
|-<br />
|Rinopasi<br />
|Earth<br />
|Meaning literally 'this land, this earth'<br />
|-<br />
|Murongazuva<br />
|Mars<br />
|Meaning 'one who arranges the day'<br />
|-<br />
|Vhenekeratsvimborume<br />
|Jupiter<br />
|Meaning 'lights the path of bachelor'<br />
|-<br />
|Chirema<br />
|Saturn<br />
|Chirema meaning 'lame/abnormal star' due to its rings.<br />
Also '''Chiremera''', meaning 'dignity'.<br />
|-<br />
|Rivusamatenga (or ''Yuranisi'')<br />
|Uranus<br />
|Proposed name. Meaning literally 'the governor of the heavens/above'. <br />
'''Yuranisi''' is also used, derives from Latin.<br />
|-<br />
|Nyn'aimamushana / Nyavusamadzi<br />
|Neptune<br />
|Proposed names. <br />
Nyn'aimamushana is 'one who shines in sunlight' due to its reflectiveness of sunlight.<br />
<br />
Nyavusamadzi, meaning literally 'governor of the waters'.<br />
<br />
'''Neputoni''' also used derives from Latin.<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="3" |<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Dwarf planets ===<br />
Minor-planets or dwarf planets are called '''Chindeyana''' (singular) and '''Zvindeyana''' (plural) in Shona.<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Dwarf planets in Shona<br />
!English Translation<br />
!<br />
|-<br />
|Njondi<br />
|Pluto<br />
|Proposed named.<br />
Based on definition of Pluto meaning 'wealthy one'.<br />
|-<br />
|Chirisa<br />
|Ceres<br />
|Proposed name. <br />
Based on definition, Chirisa also means 'nourishment'<br />
|-<br />
|Ẋaumeya<br />
|Haumea<br />
| rowspan="6" |Yet to be given native names, instead uses Shonarised names. <br />
|-<br />
|Makemake<br />
|Makemake<br />
|-<br />
|Herisi<br />
|Eris<br />
|-<br />
|Sanha<br />
|90377 Sedna<br />
|-<br />
|Kwawari<br />
|50000 Quaoar<br />
|-<br />
|Gon'on'u<br />
|225088 Gongong<br />
|-<br />
|Shoromi<br />
|90482 Orcus<br />
|Orcus and Pluto were named similiar, and so Shoromi was proposed.<br />
|-<br />
|Chai<br />
|120347 Salacia<br />
|Salacia means 'salt', so Chai was proposed.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Stars in Shona==<br />
''Star'' is nyeredzi or nyenyedzi in Shona, even in plural.<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Stars in Shona<br />
!English Translation<br />
!<br />
|-<br />
|Qhayanyedzi / Nhanganyedzi<br />
|Protostar<br />
|Meaning literally "beginning star"<br />
|-<br />
|Riungunyedzi<br />
|Blue Star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Nyedzana<br />
|Dwarf star<br />
|Meaning literally "baby star"<br />
|-<br />
|Nyedzana yehuroro<br />
|Yellow Dwarf star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Nyedzana yeranjisi<br />
|Orange Dwarf star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Nyedzana itsvuku<br />
|Red Dwarf star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Zinyedzi iungu<br />
|Blue Giant Star<br />
|Zi- is a prefix that signifies large things.<br />
|-<br />
|Zigurunyedzi riungu<br />
|Blue Supergiant star<br />
|Guru- means great.<br />
Hence Ziguru essentially is "big great"<br />
|-<br />
|Zinyedzi itsvuku<br />
|Red Giant star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Zigurunyedzi riungu<br />
|Red Supergiant star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Nyedzana ichena<br />
|White Dwarf star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Nyedzana itema<br />
|Black Dwarf star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Nyedzana yembise<br />
|Brown Dwarf star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Chibarinjeenyedzi<br />
|Neutron star<br />
|General spark star/neutral spark star<br />
|-<br />
|Chazvuvarima<br />
|Black Hole<br />
|Proposed name. Meaning literally 'a pulling darkness'<br />
|-<br />
| -<br />
|Pulsar<br />
| rowspan="4" |No native names given or proposed so English names used.<br />
|-<br />
| -<br />
|Quasar<br />
|-<br />
| -<br />
|Blazar<br />
|-<br />
| -<br />
|Magnetar<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="3" |<br />
|-<br />
|Zuva<br />
|Sun<br />
|Native name<br />
|-<br />
|Gwevamasiku<br />
|Sirius<br />
|Drawer of the night, due to being bright like Venus.<br />
|-<br />
|Rinyanga<br />
|Canopus<br />
|native name, Horned star<br />
|-<br />
|Ndemara<br />
|Fomalhaut<br />
|native name<br />
|-<br />
|Chisimira / Chimutanhatu / Chirimera<br />
|Pleaides<br />
|Native names.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
==Astronomy in Shona Quiz==<br />
<br />
===Questions===<br />
<br />
Test your knowledge of the astronomy terms in Shona learned from the previous section. Good luck!<br />
<br />
;1. What is the Shona term for 'Science'?<br />
:a. Guruzivo<br />
:b. Tendarevesainzi<br />
:c. Upanganyedzi<br />
:d. Ruambanyeredzi<br />
<br />
;2. How is 'Astronomy' translated into Shona?<br />
:a. Chamushana<br />
:b. Upanganyedzi<br />
:c. Chamwedzi<br />
:d. Nyeredzi<br />
<br />
;3. What does 'Chindeya' refer to in Shona astronomy vocabulary?<br />
:a. Comet<br />
:b. Planet<br />
:c. Star<br />
:d. Meteor<br />
<br />
;4. What Shona word is used for 'Eclipse'?<br />
:a. Chadenga<br />
:b. Hudzitirwa<br />
:c. Gwararezhou<br />
:d. Sumbu renyeredzi<br />
<br />
;5. Which of the following terms means 'Meteorite' in Shona?<br />
:a. Svosvobwauzuru<br />
:b. Svosvobwaunda<br />
:c. Svosvobwa<br />
:d. Rimuswenyedzi<br />
<br />
;6. The Shona word for 'Galaxy' is:<br />
:a. Chamupfunga<br />
:b. Muzvcazi<br />
:c. Chamudhuvhuranyedzi<br />
:d. Gumbanyedzi<br />
<br />
;7. 'Nyamatsatse' is the Shona name for which planet?<br />
:a. Mars<br />
:b. Mercury<br />
:c. Jupiter<br />
:d. Venus<br />
<br />
;8. What does 'Rinopasi' stand for in Shona?<br />
:a. Saturn<br />
:b. Earth<br />
:c. Neptune<br />
:d. Uranus<br />
<br />
;9. The term 'Chirema' in Shona refers to which planet?<br />
:a. Jupiter<br />
:b. Saturn<br />
:c. Mars<br />
:d. Venus<br />
<br />
;10. 'Gwevamasiku' in Shona astronomy refers to what?<br />
:a. Canopus<br />
:b. Sirius<br />
:c. Fomalhaut<br />
:d. Pleiades<br />
<br />
===Answers to Astronomy in Shona Quiz===<br />
Below are the correct answers to the quiz. Compare your answers and see how well you've learned the Shona astronomy terms:<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Question Number !! Correct Answer !! Term in Shona<br />
|-<br />
| 1 || a || Guruzivo<br />
|-<br />
| 2 || b || Upanganyedzi<br />
|-<br />
| 3 || b || Planet (Chindeya)<br />
|-<br />
| 4 || b || Hudzitirwa<br />
|-<br />
| 5 || b || Svosvobwaunda<br />
|-<br />
| 6 || b || Muzvcazi<br />
|-<br />
| 7 || b || Mercury (Nyamatsatse)<br />
|-<br />
| 8 || b || Earth (Rinopasi)<br />
|-<br />
| 9 || b || Saturn (Chirema)<br />
|-<br />
| 10 || b || Sirius (Gwevamasiku)<br />
|}<br />
<br />
Review your answers and reflect on your understanding of Shona astronomy vocabulary!</div>Vincenthttps://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Astronomy&diff=291988Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Astronomy2024-03-17T09:35:54Z<p>Vincent: /* Astronomy in Shona Quiz */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Shona-Page-Top}}<br />
On this page, we will learn about astronomy in Shona. It is important to inform and understand, that much of the Shona language - as well as the languages that fall within this category - are still under development to encompass all aspects of modern science. You will find that other aspects, be it stars or otherwise may have native Shona names whilst others may have borrowed names. <br />
<br />
In terms of borrowing, Shona historically borrows from Swahili (Arabic, Persian - much of it via Swahili), Afrikaans, Portuguese, English, and other surrounding Bantu languages due to proximity. Additionally, when borrowing new terms in current times, Shona follows the same system, although reversed, surrounding Bantu languages first, particularly those that are closely related to the Shona people and their language such as Venda, Tonga, Tsonga, Chewa, etcetera. Then Swahili, then Portuguese, then English, with Afrikaans (rarely as of present) and other world languages being a last option unless the concept in need of translation is directly derived from a specific people. <br />
<br />
==Astronomy Vocabulary==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Shona word<br />
!English Translation<br />
!<br />
|-<br />
|Sainzi / Guruzivo<br />
|Science<br />
|Sainzi derives from English. <br />
Guruzivo describes the function of science as a concept.<br />
|-<br />
|Tendarevesainzi / Tendarevezivo<br />
|Pseudoscience<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Upanganyedzi /Upanganyeredzi<br />
|Astronomy<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Ruambanyeredzi / Unenanyeredzi<br />
|Astrology<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Ruambarhadenga / Unenarhadenga<br />
|Cosmology<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
| colspan="2" |<br />
|-<br />
|Zuva<br />
|Sun<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Mwedzi<br />
|Moon<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Chamushana / chazuva<br />
|Solar<br />
|i.e. Karenda yechamushana (solar calendar)<br />
|-<br />
|Mutandiro wemushana<br />
|Solar System<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Chamwedzi<br />
|Lunar<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Nyeredzi / Nyenyedzi<br />
|Star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Chanyedzi<br />
|Stellar<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Hudzitirwa<br />
|Eclipse<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Denga<br />
|Sky<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Chadenga<br />
|Space, outer-space<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Pasirose<br />
|World<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Chindeya<br />
|Planet<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Chindeyana<br />
|Dwarf planet<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Rudunhumwe<br />
|Universe<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Rhadenga<br />
|Cosmos<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Muzvcazi<br />
|Galaxy<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Gwararezhou / Gwararakurumbi<br />
|The Milky Way Galaxy<br />
|Gwararezhou is "the path of the elephant", variation Gwararenzou.<br />
Gwara raKurumbi "the path of Kurumbi".<br />
|-<br />
|Unganyeredzi<br />
|Constellation<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Hatomu<br />
|Atom<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Mhodzigetsi<br />
|Electron<br />
|Meaning literally 'Electric seed'<br />
|-<br />
|Dararabari / Darararito<br />
|Proton<br />
|Dararabari meaning "positive spark"<br />
Purutoni following English.<br />
|-<br />
|Ribarinjee / Chibarinjee / Sasinjee<br />
|Neutron<br />
|Meaning literally 'neutral/general spark, ordinary spark'<br />
Nyutironi following English.<br />
|-<br />
|Sebhe<br />
|Matter<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Gunganidzo<br />
|Gravity<br />
|Meaning "gathering"<br />
|-<br />
|Huremu / Ndemu<br />
|Mass<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Svosvobwauzuru<br />
|Meteoroid<br />
|Meaning 'heaven/sky meteor'<br />
|-<br />
|Svosvobwa<br />
|Meteor, shooting star<br />
|Meaning 'shooting star'<br />
|-<br />
|Svosvobwaunda<br />
|Meteorite<br />
|Meaning 'land meteor'<br />
|-<br />
|Ribwendeya (''or'' Chibwendeya)<br />
|Asteroid<br />
|Meaning literally 'stone object, stone planet'<br />
|-<br />
|Rimuswenyedzi (''or'' Chimuswenyedzi)<br />
|Comet<br />
|Meaning literally 'tailed star'.<br />
|-<br />
|Rifanadzvanyedzi<br />
|Nova, Novae<br />
|Meaning "like a new star"<br />
|-<br />
|Chamudhuvhuranyedzi<br />
|Supernova, Supernovae<br />
|Meaning "bursting star"<br />
|-<br />
|Chamupfunga<br />
|Nebula<br />
|Meaning "vapour"<br />
|-<br />
|Gumbanyedzi<br />
|Asterism<br />
|Meaning "star group"<br />
|-<br />
|Sumbu renyeredzi<br />
|Star cluster<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Unye wegetsimagineti<br />
|Electromagnetic radiation<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Boterero<br />
|Orbit<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Muchacha wembunyuko / Muchacha wemutizo<br />
|Escape velocity<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Sumbu rechembumbwa<br />
|Globular cluster<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Tsazavusiku<br />
|Equinox<br />
|Tsaza- is equi, nox/noct- which is night is vusiku<br />
|-<br />
|Zuvaragodza<br />
|Solstice<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Nangazira<br />
|Spectrum<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Mazhara / Nyamazhara<br />
|Small Magellanic Cloud<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Maguta / Nyamaguta<br />
|Large Magellanic Cloud<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="3" |<br />
|-<br />
|Dongorahweva / Chiringakure<br />
|Telescope<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Chidenengwa / Satiraiti<br />
|Satellite<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Jingamweya / Guteromweya<br />
|Atmosphere<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Planets in Shona==<br />
''Planet'' is '''Chindeya''' in Shona, and ''Planets'' are called '''Zvindeya'''.<br />
<br />
Note the use of Chi- in singular form and Zvi- in plural form.<br />
<br />
The Shona sky had 6 planets originally named, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto (which is no longer a planet) were not named due to how difficult they were to sight. It is also possible that Uranus could be an exception due to the fact that it can in fact be seen in the sky as blue dot in the far distance.<br />
<br />
===Main Planets in Shona===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Planets in Shona<br />
!English Translation<br />
!<br />
|-<br />
|Nyamatsatse<br />
|Mercury<br />
|Variations, Nyamatsatsi. <br />
Was often confused with Venus, hence they bare the same name.<br />
|-<br />
|Hweva<br />
|Venus<br />
|Also Nyamatsatsi, Masase/Masasi, Nhanda, Marinda, Murongo - all meaning 'morning' and 'evening star'.<br />
|-<br />
|Rinopasi<br />
|Earth<br />
|Meaning literally 'this land, this earth'<br />
|-<br />
|Murongazuva<br />
|Mars<br />
|Meaning 'one who arranges the day'<br />
|-<br />
|Vhenekeratsvimborume<br />
|Jupiter<br />
|Meaning 'lights the path of bachelor'<br />
|-<br />
|Chirema<br />
|Saturn<br />
|Chirema meaning 'lame/abnormal star' due to its rings.<br />
Also '''Chiremera''', meaning 'dignity'.<br />
|-<br />
|Rivusamatenga (or ''Yuranisi'')<br />
|Uranus<br />
|Proposed name. Meaning literally 'the governor of the heavens/above'. <br />
'''Yuranisi''' is also used, derives from Latin.<br />
|-<br />
|Nyn'aimamushana / Nyavusamadzi<br />
|Neptune<br />
|Proposed names. <br />
Nyn'aimamushana is 'one who shines in sunlight' due to its reflectiveness of sunlight.<br />
<br />
Nyavusamadzi, meaning literally 'governor of the waters'.<br />
<br />
'''Neputoni''' also used derives from Latin.<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="3" |<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Dwarf planets ===<br />
Minor-planets or dwarf planets are called '''Chindeyana''' (singular) and '''Zvindeyana''' (plural) in Shona.<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Dwarf planets in Shona<br />
!English Translation<br />
!<br />
|-<br />
|Njondi<br />
|Pluto<br />
|Proposed named.<br />
Based on definition of Pluto meaning 'wealthy one'.<br />
|-<br />
|Chirisa<br />
|Ceres<br />
|Proposed name. <br />
Based on definition, Chirisa also means 'nourishment'<br />
|-<br />
|Ẋaumeya<br />
|Haumea<br />
| rowspan="6" |Yet to be given native names, instead uses Shonarised names. <br />
|-<br />
|Makemake<br />
|Makemake<br />
|-<br />
|Herisi<br />
|Eris<br />
|-<br />
|Sanha<br />
|90377 Sedna<br />
|-<br />
|Kwawari<br />
|50000 Quaoar<br />
|-<br />
|Gon'on'u<br />
|225088 Gongong<br />
|-<br />
|Shoromi<br />
|90482 Orcus<br />
|Orcus and Pluto were named similiar, and so Shoromi was proposed.<br />
|-<br />
|Chai<br />
|120347 Salacia<br />
|Salacia means 'salt', so Chai was proposed.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Stars in Shona==<br />
''Star'' is nyeredzi or nyenyedzi in Shona, even in plural.<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Stars in Shona<br />
!English Translation<br />
!<br />
|-<br />
|Qhayanyedzi / Nhanganyedzi<br />
|Protostar<br />
|Meaning literally "beginning star"<br />
|-<br />
|Riungunyedzi<br />
|Blue Star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Nyedzana<br />
|Dwarf star<br />
|Meaning literally "baby star"<br />
|-<br />
|Nyedzana yehuroro<br />
|Yellow Dwarf star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Nyedzana yeranjisi<br />
|Orange Dwarf star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Nyedzana itsvuku<br />
|Red Dwarf star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Zinyedzi iungu<br />
|Blue Giant Star<br />
|Zi- is a prefix that signifies large things.<br />
|-<br />
|Zigurunyedzi riungu<br />
|Blue Supergiant star<br />
|Guru- means great.<br />
Hence Ziguru essentially is "big great"<br />
|-<br />
|Zinyedzi itsvuku<br />
|Red Giant star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Zigurunyedzi riungu<br />
|Red Supergiant star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Nyedzana ichena<br />
|White Dwarf star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Nyedzana itema<br />
|Black Dwarf star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Nyedzana yembise<br />
|Brown Dwarf star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Chibarinjeenyedzi<br />
|Neutron star<br />
|General spark star/neutral spark star<br />
|-<br />
|Chazvuvarima<br />
|Black Hole<br />
|Proposed name. Meaning literally 'a pulling darkness'<br />
|-<br />
| -<br />
|Pulsar<br />
| rowspan="4" |No native names given or proposed so English names used.<br />
|-<br />
| -<br />
|Quasar<br />
|-<br />
| -<br />
|Blazar<br />
|-<br />
| -<br />
|Magnetar<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="3" |<br />
|-<br />
|Zuva<br />
|Sun<br />
|Native name<br />
|-<br />
|Gwevamasiku<br />
|Sirius<br />
|Drawer of the night, due to being bright like Venus.<br />
|-<br />
|Rinyanga<br />
|Canopus<br />
|native name, Horned star<br />
|-<br />
|Ndemara<br />
|Fomalhaut<br />
|native name<br />
|-<br />
|Chisimira / Chimutanhatu / Chirimera<br />
|Pleaides<br />
|Native names.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
==Astronomy in Shona Quiz==<br />
<br />
===Questions===<br />
<br />
Test your knowledge of the astronomy terms in Shona learned from the previous section. Good luck!<br />
<br />
;1. What is the Shona term for 'Science'?<br />
:a. Guruzivo<br />
:b. Tendarevesainzi<br />
:c. Upanganyedzi<br />
:d. Ruambanyeredzi<br />
<br />
;2. How is 'Astronomy' translated into Shona?<br />
:a. Chamushana<br />
:b. Upanganyedzi<br />
:c. Chamwedzi<br />
:d. Nyeredzi<br />
<br />
;3. What does 'Chindeya' refer to in Shona astronomy vocabulary?<br />
:a. Comet<br />
:b. Planet<br />
:c. Star<br />
:d. Meteor<br />
<br />
;4. What Shona word is used for 'Eclipse'?<br />
:a. Chadenga<br />
:b. Hudzitirwa<br />
:c. Gwararezhou<br />
:d. Sumbu renyeredzi<br />
<br />
;5. Which of the following terms means 'Meteorite' in Shona?<br />
:a. Svosvobwauzuru<br />
:b. Svosvobwaunda<br />
:c. Svosvobwa<br />
:d. Rimuswenyedzi<br />
<br />
;6. The Shona word for 'Galaxy' is:<br />
:a. Chamupfunga<br />
:b. Muzvcazi<br />
:c. Chamudhuvhuranyedzi<br />
:d. Gumbanyedzi<br />
<br />
;7. 'Nyamatsatse' is the Shona name for which planet?<br />
:a. Mars<br />
:b. Mercury<br />
:c. Jupiter<br />
:d. Venus<br />
<br />
;8. What does 'Rinopasi' stand for in Shona?<br />
:a. Saturn<br />
:b. Earth<br />
:c. Neptune<br />
:d. Uranus<br />
<br />
;9. The term 'Chirema' in Shona refers to which planet?<br />
:a. Jupiter<br />
:b. Saturn<br />
:c. Mars<br />
:d. Venus<br />
<br />
;10. 'Gwevamasiku' in Shona astronomy refers to what?<br />
:a. Canopus<br />
:b. Sirius<br />
:c. Fomalhaut<br />
:d. Pleiades<br />
<br />
===Answers to Astronomy in Shona Quiz===<br />
Below are the correct answers to the quiz. Compare your answers and see how well you've learned the Shona astronomy terms:<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Question Number !! Correct Answer !! Term in Shona<br />
|-<br />
| 1 || a || Guruzivo<br />
|-<br />
| 2 || b || Upanganyedzi<br />
|-<br />
| 3 || b || Planet (Chindeya)<br />
|-<br />
| 4 || b || Hudzitirwa<br />
|-<br />
| 5 || b || Svosvobwaunda<br />
|-<br />
| 6 || b || Muzvcazi<br />
|-<br />
| 7 || b || Mercury (Nyamatsatse)<br />
|-<br />
| 8 || b || Earth (Rinopasi)<br />
|-<br />
| 9 || b || Saturn (Chirema)<br />
|-<br />
| 10 || b || Sirius (Gwevamasiku)<br />
|}<br />
<br />
Review your answers and reflect on your understanding of Shona astronomy vocabulary!</div>Vincenthttps://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Astronomy&diff=291987Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Astronomy2024-03-17T09:34:20Z<p>Vincent: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Shona-Page-Top}}<br />
On this page, we will learn about astronomy in Shona. It is important to inform and understand, that much of the Shona language - as well as the languages that fall within this category - are still under development to encompass all aspects of modern science. You will find that other aspects, be it stars or otherwise may have native Shona names whilst others may have borrowed names. <br />
<br />
In terms of borrowing, Shona historically borrows from Swahili (Arabic, Persian - much of it via Swahili), Afrikaans, Portuguese, English, and other surrounding Bantu languages due to proximity. Additionally, when borrowing new terms in current times, Shona follows the same system, although reversed, surrounding Bantu languages first, particularly those that are closely related to the Shona people and their language such as Venda, Tonga, Tsonga, Chewa, etcetera. Then Swahili, then Portuguese, then English, with Afrikaans (rarely as of present) and other world languages being a last option unless the concept in need of translation is directly derived from a specific people. <br />
<br />
==Astronomy Vocabulary==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Shona word<br />
!English Translation<br />
!<br />
|-<br />
|Sainzi / Guruzivo<br />
|Science<br />
|Sainzi derives from English. <br />
Guruzivo describes the function of science as a concept.<br />
|-<br />
|Tendarevesainzi / Tendarevezivo<br />
|Pseudoscience<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Upanganyedzi /Upanganyeredzi<br />
|Astronomy<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Ruambanyeredzi / Unenanyeredzi<br />
|Astrology<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Ruambarhadenga / Unenarhadenga<br />
|Cosmology<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
| colspan="2" |<br />
|-<br />
|Zuva<br />
|Sun<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Mwedzi<br />
|Moon<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Chamushana / chazuva<br />
|Solar<br />
|i.e. Karenda yechamushana (solar calendar)<br />
|-<br />
|Mutandiro wemushana<br />
|Solar System<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Chamwedzi<br />
|Lunar<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Nyeredzi / Nyenyedzi<br />
|Star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Chanyedzi<br />
|Stellar<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Hudzitirwa<br />
|Eclipse<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Denga<br />
|Sky<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Chadenga<br />
|Space, outer-space<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Pasirose<br />
|World<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Chindeya<br />
|Planet<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Chindeyana<br />
|Dwarf planet<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Rudunhumwe<br />
|Universe<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Rhadenga<br />
|Cosmos<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Muzvcazi<br />
|Galaxy<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Gwararezhou / Gwararakurumbi<br />
|The Milky Way Galaxy<br />
|Gwararezhou is "the path of the elephant", variation Gwararenzou.<br />
Gwara raKurumbi "the path of Kurumbi".<br />
|-<br />
|Unganyeredzi<br />
|Constellation<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Hatomu<br />
|Atom<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Mhodzigetsi<br />
|Electron<br />
|Meaning literally 'Electric seed'<br />
|-<br />
|Dararabari / Darararito<br />
|Proton<br />
|Dararabari meaning "positive spark"<br />
Purutoni following English.<br />
|-<br />
|Ribarinjee / Chibarinjee / Sasinjee<br />
|Neutron<br />
|Meaning literally 'neutral/general spark, ordinary spark'<br />
Nyutironi following English.<br />
|-<br />
|Sebhe<br />
|Matter<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Gunganidzo<br />
|Gravity<br />
|Meaning "gathering"<br />
|-<br />
|Huremu / Ndemu<br />
|Mass<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Svosvobwauzuru<br />
|Meteoroid<br />
|Meaning 'heaven/sky meteor'<br />
|-<br />
|Svosvobwa<br />
|Meteor, shooting star<br />
|Meaning 'shooting star'<br />
|-<br />
|Svosvobwaunda<br />
|Meteorite<br />
|Meaning 'land meteor'<br />
|-<br />
|Ribwendeya (''or'' Chibwendeya)<br />
|Asteroid<br />
|Meaning literally 'stone object, stone planet'<br />
|-<br />
|Rimuswenyedzi (''or'' Chimuswenyedzi)<br />
|Comet<br />
|Meaning literally 'tailed star'.<br />
|-<br />
|Rifanadzvanyedzi<br />
|Nova, Novae<br />
|Meaning "like a new star"<br />
|-<br />
|Chamudhuvhuranyedzi<br />
|Supernova, Supernovae<br />
|Meaning "bursting star"<br />
|-<br />
|Chamupfunga<br />
|Nebula<br />
|Meaning "vapour"<br />
|-<br />
|Gumbanyedzi<br />
|Asterism<br />
|Meaning "star group"<br />
|-<br />
|Sumbu renyeredzi<br />
|Star cluster<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Unye wegetsimagineti<br />
|Electromagnetic radiation<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Boterero<br />
|Orbit<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Muchacha wembunyuko / Muchacha wemutizo<br />
|Escape velocity<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Sumbu rechembumbwa<br />
|Globular cluster<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Tsazavusiku<br />
|Equinox<br />
|Tsaza- is equi, nox/noct- which is night is vusiku<br />
|-<br />
|Zuvaragodza<br />
|Solstice<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Nangazira<br />
|Spectrum<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Mazhara / Nyamazhara<br />
|Small Magellanic Cloud<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Maguta / Nyamaguta<br />
|Large Magellanic Cloud<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="3" |<br />
|-<br />
|Dongorahweva / Chiringakure<br />
|Telescope<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Chidenengwa / Satiraiti<br />
|Satellite<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Jingamweya / Guteromweya<br />
|Atmosphere<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Planets in Shona==<br />
''Planet'' is '''Chindeya''' in Shona, and ''Planets'' are called '''Zvindeya'''.<br />
<br />
Note the use of Chi- in singular form and Zvi- in plural form.<br />
<br />
The Shona sky had 6 planets originally named, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto (which is no longer a planet) were not named due to how difficult they were to sight. It is also possible that Uranus could be an exception due to the fact that it can in fact be seen in the sky as blue dot in the far distance.<br />
<br />
===Main Planets in Shona===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Planets in Shona<br />
!English Translation<br />
!<br />
|-<br />
|Nyamatsatse<br />
|Mercury<br />
|Variations, Nyamatsatsi. <br />
Was often confused with Venus, hence they bare the same name.<br />
|-<br />
|Hweva<br />
|Venus<br />
|Also Nyamatsatsi, Masase/Masasi, Nhanda, Marinda, Murongo - all meaning 'morning' and 'evening star'.<br />
|-<br />
|Rinopasi<br />
|Earth<br />
|Meaning literally 'this land, this earth'<br />
|-<br />
|Murongazuva<br />
|Mars<br />
|Meaning 'one who arranges the day'<br />
|-<br />
|Vhenekeratsvimborume<br />
|Jupiter<br />
|Meaning 'lights the path of bachelor'<br />
|-<br />
|Chirema<br />
|Saturn<br />
|Chirema meaning 'lame/abnormal star' due to its rings.<br />
Also '''Chiremera''', meaning 'dignity'.<br />
|-<br />
|Rivusamatenga (or ''Yuranisi'')<br />
|Uranus<br />
|Proposed name. Meaning literally 'the governor of the heavens/above'. <br />
'''Yuranisi''' is also used, derives from Latin.<br />
|-<br />
|Nyn'aimamushana / Nyavusamadzi<br />
|Neptune<br />
|Proposed names. <br />
Nyn'aimamushana is 'one who shines in sunlight' due to its reflectiveness of sunlight.<br />
<br />
Nyavusamadzi, meaning literally 'governor of the waters'.<br />
<br />
'''Neputoni''' also used derives from Latin.<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="3" |<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Dwarf planets ===<br />
Minor-planets or dwarf planets are called '''Chindeyana''' (singular) and '''Zvindeyana''' (plural) in Shona.<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Dwarf planets in Shona<br />
!English Translation<br />
!<br />
|-<br />
|Njondi<br />
|Pluto<br />
|Proposed named.<br />
Based on definition of Pluto meaning 'wealthy one'.<br />
|-<br />
|Chirisa<br />
|Ceres<br />
|Proposed name. <br />
Based on definition, Chirisa also means 'nourishment'<br />
|-<br />
|Ẋaumeya<br />
|Haumea<br />
| rowspan="6" |Yet to be given native names, instead uses Shonarised names. <br />
|-<br />
|Makemake<br />
|Makemake<br />
|-<br />
|Herisi<br />
|Eris<br />
|-<br />
|Sanha<br />
|90377 Sedna<br />
|-<br />
|Kwawari<br />
|50000 Quaoar<br />
|-<br />
|Gon'on'u<br />
|225088 Gongong<br />
|-<br />
|Shoromi<br />
|90482 Orcus<br />
|Orcus and Pluto were named similiar, and so Shoromi was proposed.<br />
|-<br />
|Chai<br />
|120347 Salacia<br />
|Salacia means 'salt', so Chai was proposed.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Stars in Shona==<br />
''Star'' is nyeredzi or nyenyedzi in Shona, even in plural.<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Stars in Shona<br />
!English Translation<br />
!<br />
|-<br />
|Qhayanyedzi / Nhanganyedzi<br />
|Protostar<br />
|Meaning literally "beginning star"<br />
|-<br />
|Riungunyedzi<br />
|Blue Star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Nyedzana<br />
|Dwarf star<br />
|Meaning literally "baby star"<br />
|-<br />
|Nyedzana yehuroro<br />
|Yellow Dwarf star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Nyedzana yeranjisi<br />
|Orange Dwarf star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Nyedzana itsvuku<br />
|Red Dwarf star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Zinyedzi iungu<br />
|Blue Giant Star<br />
|Zi- is a prefix that signifies large things.<br />
|-<br />
|Zigurunyedzi riungu<br />
|Blue Supergiant star<br />
|Guru- means great.<br />
Hence Ziguru essentially is "big great"<br />
|-<br />
|Zinyedzi itsvuku<br />
|Red Giant star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Zigurunyedzi riungu<br />
|Red Supergiant star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Nyedzana ichena<br />
|White Dwarf star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Nyedzana itema<br />
|Black Dwarf star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Nyedzana yembise<br />
|Brown Dwarf star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Chibarinjeenyedzi<br />
|Neutron star<br />
|General spark star/neutral spark star<br />
|-<br />
|Chazvuvarima<br />
|Black Hole<br />
|Proposed name. Meaning literally 'a pulling darkness'<br />
|-<br />
| -<br />
|Pulsar<br />
| rowspan="4" |No native names given or proposed so English names used.<br />
|-<br />
| -<br />
|Quasar<br />
|-<br />
| -<br />
|Blazar<br />
|-<br />
| -<br />
|Magnetar<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="3" |<br />
|-<br />
|Zuva<br />
|Sun<br />
|Native name<br />
|-<br />
|Gwevamasiku<br />
|Sirius<br />
|Drawer of the night, due to being bright like Venus.<br />
|-<br />
|Rinyanga<br />
|Canopus<br />
|native name, Horned star<br />
|-<br />
|Ndemara<br />
|Fomalhaut<br />
|native name<br />
|-<br />
|Chisimira / Chimutanhatu / Chirimera<br />
|Pleaides<br />
|Native names.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
==Astronomy in Shona Quiz==<br />
<br />
Test your knowledge of the astronomy terms in Shona learned from the previous section. Good luck!<br />
<br />
;1. What is the Shona term for 'Science'?<br />
:a. Guruzivo<br />
:b. Tendarevesainzi<br />
:c. Upanganyedzi<br />
:d. Ruambanyeredzi<br />
<br />
;2. How is 'Astronomy' translated into Shona?<br />
:a. Chamushana<br />
:b. Upanganyedzi<br />
:c. Chamwedzi<br />
:d. Nyeredzi<br />
<br />
;3. What does 'Chindeya' refer to in Shona astronomy vocabulary?<br />
:a. Comet<br />
:b. Planet<br />
:c. Star<br />
:d. Meteor<br />
<br />
;4. What Shona word is used for 'Eclipse'?<br />
:a. Chadenga<br />
:b. Hudzitirwa<br />
:c. Gwararezhou<br />
:d. Sumbu renyeredzi<br />
<br />
;5. Which of the following terms means 'Meteorite' in Shona?<br />
:a. Svosvobwauzuru<br />
:b. Svosvobwaunda<br />
:c. Svosvobwa<br />
:d. Rimuswenyedzi<br />
<br />
;6. The Shona word for 'Galaxy' is:<br />
:a. Chamupfunga<br />
:b. Muzvcazi<br />
:c. Chamudhuvhuranyedzi<br />
:d. Gumbanyedzi<br />
<br />
;7. 'Nyamatsatse' is the Shona name for which planet?<br />
:a. Mars<br />
:b. Mercury<br />
:c. Jupiter<br />
:d. Venus<br />
<br />
;8. What does 'Rinopasi' stand for in Shona?<br />
:a. Saturn<br />
:b. Earth<br />
:c. Neptune<br />
:d. Uranus<br />
<br />
;9. The term 'Chirema' in Shona refers to which planet?<br />
:a. Jupiter<br />
:b. Saturn<br />
:c. Mars<br />
:d. Venus<br />
<br />
;10. 'Gwevamasiku' in Shona astronomy refers to what?<br />
:a. Canopus<br />
:b. Sirius<br />
:c. Fomalhaut<br />
:d. Pleiades</div>Vincenthttps://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Astronomy&diff=291986Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Astronomy2024-03-17T09:32:44Z<p>Vincent: /* 6 Main Planets in Shona */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Shona-Page-Top}}<br />
On this page, we will learn about astronomy in Shona. It is important to inform and understand, that much of the Shona language - as well as the languages that fall within this category - are still under development to encompass all aspects of modern science. You will find that other aspects, be it stars or otherwise may have native Shona names whilst others may have borrowed names. <br />
<br />
In terms of borrowing, Shona historically borrows from Swahili (Arabic, Persian - much of it via Swahili), Afrikaans, Portuguese, English, and other surrounding Bantu languages due to proximity. Additionally, when borrowing new terms in current times, Shona follows the same system, although reversed, surrounding Bantu languages first, particularly those that are closely related to the Shona people and their language such as Venda, Tonga, Tsonga, Chewa, etcetera. Then Swahili, then Portuguese, then English, with Afrikaans (rarely as of present) and other world languages being a last option unless the concept in need of translation is directly derived from a specific people. <br />
<br />
==Astronomy Vocabulary==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Shona word<br />
!English Translation<br />
!<br />
|-<br />
|Sainzi / Guruzivo<br />
|Science<br />
|Sainzi derives from English. <br />
Guruzivo describes the function of science as a concept.<br />
|-<br />
|Tendarevesainzi / Tendarevezivo<br />
|Pseudoscience<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Upanganyedzi /Upanganyeredzi<br />
|Astronomy<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Ruambanyeredzi / Unenanyeredzi<br />
|Astrology<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Ruambarhadenga / Unenarhadenga<br />
|Cosmology<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
| colspan="2" |<br />
|-<br />
|Zuva<br />
|Sun<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Mwedzi<br />
|Moon<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Chamushana / chazuva<br />
|Solar<br />
|i.e. Karenda yechamushana (solar calendar)<br />
|-<br />
|Mutandiro wemushana<br />
|Solar System<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Chamwedzi<br />
|Lunar<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Nyeredzi / Nyenyedzi<br />
|Star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Chanyedzi<br />
|Stellar<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Hudzitirwa<br />
|Eclipse<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Denga<br />
|Sky<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Chadenga<br />
|Space, outer-space<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Pasirose<br />
|World<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Chindeya<br />
|Planet<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Chindeyana<br />
|Dwarf planet<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Rudunhumwe<br />
|Universe<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Rhadenga<br />
|Cosmos<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Muzvcazi<br />
|Galaxy<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Gwararezhou / Gwararakurumbi<br />
|The Milky Way Galaxy<br />
|Gwararezhou is "the path of the elephant", variation Gwararenzou.<br />
Gwara raKurumbi "the path of Kurumbi".<br />
|-<br />
|Unganyeredzi<br />
|Constellation<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Hatomu<br />
|Atom<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Mhodzigetsi<br />
|Electron<br />
|Meaning literally 'Electric seed'<br />
|-<br />
|Dararabari / Darararito<br />
|Proton<br />
|Dararabari meaning "positive spark"<br />
Purutoni following English.<br />
|-<br />
|Ribarinjee / Chibarinjee / Sasinjee<br />
|Neutron<br />
|Meaning literally 'neutral/general spark, ordinary spark'<br />
Nyutironi following English.<br />
|-<br />
|Sebhe<br />
|Matter<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Gunganidzo<br />
|Gravity<br />
|Meaning "gathering"<br />
|-<br />
|Huremu / Ndemu<br />
|Mass<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Svosvobwauzuru<br />
|Meteoroid<br />
|Meaning 'heaven/sky meteor'<br />
|-<br />
|Svosvobwa<br />
|Meteor, shooting star<br />
|Meaning 'shooting star'<br />
|-<br />
|Svosvobwaunda<br />
|Meteorite<br />
|Meaning 'land meteor'<br />
|-<br />
|Ribwendeya (''or'' Chibwendeya)<br />
|Asteroid<br />
|Meaning literally 'stone object, stone planet'<br />
|-<br />
|Rimuswenyedzi (''or'' Chimuswenyedzi)<br />
|Comet<br />
|Meaning literally 'tailed star'.<br />
|-<br />
|Rifanadzvanyedzi<br />
|Nova, Novae<br />
|Meaning "like a new star"<br />
|-<br />
|Chamudhuvhuranyedzi<br />
|Supernova, Supernovae<br />
|Meaning "bursting star"<br />
|-<br />
|Chamupfunga<br />
|Nebula<br />
|Meaning "vapour"<br />
|-<br />
|Gumbanyedzi<br />
|Asterism<br />
|Meaning "star group"<br />
|-<br />
|Sumbu renyeredzi<br />
|Star cluster<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Unye wegetsimagineti<br />
|Electromagnetic radiation<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Boterero<br />
|Orbit<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Muchacha wembunyuko / Muchacha wemutizo<br />
|Escape velocity<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Sumbu rechembumbwa<br />
|Globular cluster<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Tsazavusiku<br />
|Equinox<br />
|Tsaza- is equi, nox/noct- which is night is vusiku<br />
|-<br />
|Zuvaragodza<br />
|Solstice<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Nangazira<br />
|Spectrum<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Mazhara / Nyamazhara<br />
|Small Magellanic Cloud<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Maguta / Nyamaguta<br />
|Large Magellanic Cloud<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="3" |<br />
|-<br />
|Dongorahweva / Chiringakure<br />
|Telescope<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Chidenengwa / Satiraiti<br />
|Satellite<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Jingamweya / Guteromweya<br />
|Atmosphere<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Planets in Shona==<br />
''Planet'' is '''Chindeya''' in Shona, and ''Planets'' are called '''Zvindeya'''.<br />
<br />
Note the use of Chi- in singular form and Zvi- in plural form.<br />
<br />
The Shona sky had 6 planets originally named, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto (which is no longer a planet) were not named due to how difficult they were to sight. It is also possible that Uranus could be an exception due to the fact that it can in fact be seen in the sky as blue dot in the far distance.<br />
<br />
===Main Planets in Shona===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Planets in Shona<br />
!English Translation<br />
!<br />
|-<br />
|Nyamatsatse<br />
|Mercury<br />
|Variations, Nyamatsatsi. <br />
Was often confused with Venus, hence they bare the same name.<br />
|-<br />
|Hweva<br />
|Venus<br />
|Also Nyamatsatsi, Masase/Masasi, Nhanda, Marinda, Murongo - all meaning 'morning' and 'evening star'.<br />
|-<br />
|Rinopasi<br />
|Earth<br />
|Meaning literally 'this land, this earth'<br />
|-<br />
|Murongazuva<br />
|Mars<br />
|Meaning 'one who arranges the day'<br />
|-<br />
|Vhenekeratsvimborume<br />
|Jupiter<br />
|Meaning 'lights the path of bachelor'<br />
|-<br />
|Chirema<br />
|Saturn<br />
|Chirema meaning 'lame/abnormal star' due to its rings.<br />
Also '''Chiremera''', meaning 'dignity'.<br />
|-<br />
|Rivusamatenga (or ''Yuranisi'')<br />
|Uranus<br />
|Proposed name. Meaning literally 'the governor of the heavens/above'. <br />
'''Yuranisi''' is also used, derives from Latin.<br />
|-<br />
|Nyn'aimamushana / Nyavusamadzi<br />
|Neptune<br />
|Proposed names. <br />
Nyn'aimamushana is 'one who shines in sunlight' due to its reflectiveness of sunlight.<br />
<br />
Nyavusamadzi, meaning literally 'governor of the waters'.<br />
<br />
'''Neputoni''' also used derives from Latin.<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="3" |<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Dwarf planets ===<br />
Minor-planets or dwarf planets are called '''Chindeyana''' (singular) and '''Zvindeyana''' (plural) in Shona.<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Dwarf planets in Shona<br />
!English Translation<br />
!<br />
|-<br />
|Njondi<br />
|Pluto<br />
|Proposed named.<br />
Based on definition of Pluto meaning 'wealthy one'.<br />
|-<br />
|Chirisa<br />
|Ceres<br />
|Proposed name. <br />
Based on definition, Chirisa also means 'nourishment'<br />
|-<br />
|Ẋaumeya<br />
|Haumea<br />
| rowspan="6" |Yet to be given native names, instead uses Shonarised names. <br />
|-<br />
|Makemake<br />
|Makemake<br />
|-<br />
|Herisi<br />
|Eris<br />
|-<br />
|Sanha<br />
|90377 Sedna<br />
|-<br />
|Kwawari<br />
|50000 Quaoar<br />
|-<br />
|Gon'on'u<br />
|225088 Gongong<br />
|-<br />
|Shoromi<br />
|90482 Orcus<br />
|Orcus and Pluto were named similiar, and so Shoromi was proposed.<br />
|-<br />
|Chai<br />
|120347 Salacia<br />
|Salacia means 'salt', so Chai was proposed.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Stars in Shona==<br />
''Star'' is nyeredzi or nyenyedzi in Shona, even in plural.<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Stars in Shona<br />
!English Translation<br />
!<br />
|-<br />
|Qhayanyedzi / Nhanganyedzi<br />
|Protostar<br />
|Meaning literally "beginning star"<br />
|-<br />
|Riungunyedzi<br />
|Blue Star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Nyedzana<br />
|Dwarf star<br />
|Meaning literally "baby star"<br />
|-<br />
|Nyedzana yehuroro<br />
|Yellow Dwarf star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Nyedzana yeranjisi<br />
|Orange Dwarf star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Nyedzana itsvuku<br />
|Red Dwarf star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Zinyedzi iungu<br />
|Blue Giant Star<br />
|Zi- is a prefix that signifies large things.<br />
|-<br />
|Zigurunyedzi riungu<br />
|Blue Supergiant star<br />
|Guru- means great.<br />
Hence Ziguru essentially is "big great"<br />
|-<br />
|Zinyedzi itsvuku<br />
|Red Giant star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Zigurunyedzi riungu<br />
|Red Supergiant star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Nyedzana ichena<br />
|White Dwarf star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Nyedzana itema<br />
|Black Dwarf star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Nyedzana yembise<br />
|Brown Dwarf star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Chibarinjeenyedzi<br />
|Neutron star<br />
|General spark star/neutral spark star<br />
|-<br />
|Chazvuvarima<br />
|Black Hole<br />
|Proposed name. Meaning literally 'a pulling darkness'<br />
|-<br />
| -<br />
|Pulsar<br />
| rowspan="4" |No native names given or proposed so English names used.<br />
|-<br />
| -<br />
|Quasar<br />
|-<br />
| -<br />
|Blazar<br />
|-<br />
| -<br />
|Magnetar<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="3" |<br />
|-<br />
|Zuva<br />
|Sun<br />
|Native name<br />
|-<br />
|Gwevamasiku<br />
|Sirius<br />
|Drawer of the night, due to being bright like Venus.<br />
|-<br />
|Rinyanga<br />
|Canopus<br />
|native name, Horned star<br />
|-<br />
|Ndemara<br />
|Fomalhaut<br />
|native name<br />
|-<br />
|Chisimira / Chimutanhatu / Chirimera<br />
|Pleaides<br />
|Native names.<br />
|}</div>Vincenthttps://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Astronomy&diff=291985Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Astronomy2024-03-17T09:32:26Z<p>Vincent: /* Planets in Shona */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Shona-Page-Top}}<br />
On this page, we will learn about astronomy in Shona. It is important to inform and understand, that much of the Shona language - as well as the languages that fall within this category - are still under development to encompass all aspects of modern science. You will find that other aspects, be it stars or otherwise may have native Shona names whilst others may have borrowed names. <br />
<br />
In terms of borrowing, Shona historically borrows from Swahili (Arabic, Persian - much of it via Swahili), Afrikaans, Portuguese, English, and other surrounding Bantu languages due to proximity. Additionally, when borrowing new terms in current times, Shona follows the same system, although reversed, surrounding Bantu languages first, particularly those that are closely related to the Shona people and their language such as Venda, Tonga, Tsonga, Chewa, etcetera. Then Swahili, then Portuguese, then English, with Afrikaans (rarely as of present) and other world languages being a last option unless the concept in need of translation is directly derived from a specific people. <br />
<br />
==Astronomy Vocabulary==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Shona word<br />
!English Translation<br />
!<br />
|-<br />
|Sainzi / Guruzivo<br />
|Science<br />
|Sainzi derives from English. <br />
Guruzivo describes the function of science as a concept.<br />
|-<br />
|Tendarevesainzi / Tendarevezivo<br />
|Pseudoscience<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Upanganyedzi /Upanganyeredzi<br />
|Astronomy<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Ruambanyeredzi / Unenanyeredzi<br />
|Astrology<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Ruambarhadenga / Unenarhadenga<br />
|Cosmology<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
| colspan="2" |<br />
|-<br />
|Zuva<br />
|Sun<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Mwedzi<br />
|Moon<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Chamushana / chazuva<br />
|Solar<br />
|i.e. Karenda yechamushana (solar calendar)<br />
|-<br />
|Mutandiro wemushana<br />
|Solar System<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Chamwedzi<br />
|Lunar<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Nyeredzi / Nyenyedzi<br />
|Star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Chanyedzi<br />
|Stellar<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Hudzitirwa<br />
|Eclipse<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Denga<br />
|Sky<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Chadenga<br />
|Space, outer-space<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Pasirose<br />
|World<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Chindeya<br />
|Planet<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Chindeyana<br />
|Dwarf planet<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Rudunhumwe<br />
|Universe<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Rhadenga<br />
|Cosmos<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Muzvcazi<br />
|Galaxy<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Gwararezhou / Gwararakurumbi<br />
|The Milky Way Galaxy<br />
|Gwararezhou is "the path of the elephant", variation Gwararenzou.<br />
Gwara raKurumbi "the path of Kurumbi".<br />
|-<br />
|Unganyeredzi<br />
|Constellation<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Hatomu<br />
|Atom<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Mhodzigetsi<br />
|Electron<br />
|Meaning literally 'Electric seed'<br />
|-<br />
|Dararabari / Darararito<br />
|Proton<br />
|Dararabari meaning "positive spark"<br />
Purutoni following English.<br />
|-<br />
|Ribarinjee / Chibarinjee / Sasinjee<br />
|Neutron<br />
|Meaning literally 'neutral/general spark, ordinary spark'<br />
Nyutironi following English.<br />
|-<br />
|Sebhe<br />
|Matter<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Gunganidzo<br />
|Gravity<br />
|Meaning "gathering"<br />
|-<br />
|Huremu / Ndemu<br />
|Mass<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Svosvobwauzuru<br />
|Meteoroid<br />
|Meaning 'heaven/sky meteor'<br />
|-<br />
|Svosvobwa<br />
|Meteor, shooting star<br />
|Meaning 'shooting star'<br />
|-<br />
|Svosvobwaunda<br />
|Meteorite<br />
|Meaning 'land meteor'<br />
|-<br />
|Ribwendeya (''or'' Chibwendeya)<br />
|Asteroid<br />
|Meaning literally 'stone object, stone planet'<br />
|-<br />
|Rimuswenyedzi (''or'' Chimuswenyedzi)<br />
|Comet<br />
|Meaning literally 'tailed star'.<br />
|-<br />
|Rifanadzvanyedzi<br />
|Nova, Novae<br />
|Meaning "like a new star"<br />
|-<br />
|Chamudhuvhuranyedzi<br />
|Supernova, Supernovae<br />
|Meaning "bursting star"<br />
|-<br />
|Chamupfunga<br />
|Nebula<br />
|Meaning "vapour"<br />
|-<br />
|Gumbanyedzi<br />
|Asterism<br />
|Meaning "star group"<br />
|-<br />
|Sumbu renyeredzi<br />
|Star cluster<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Unye wegetsimagineti<br />
|Electromagnetic radiation<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Boterero<br />
|Orbit<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Muchacha wembunyuko / Muchacha wemutizo<br />
|Escape velocity<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Sumbu rechembumbwa<br />
|Globular cluster<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Tsazavusiku<br />
|Equinox<br />
|Tsaza- is equi, nox/noct- which is night is vusiku<br />
|-<br />
|Zuvaragodza<br />
|Solstice<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Nangazira<br />
|Spectrum<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Mazhara / Nyamazhara<br />
|Small Magellanic Cloud<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Maguta / Nyamaguta<br />
|Large Magellanic Cloud<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="3" |<br />
|-<br />
|Dongorahweva / Chiringakure<br />
|Telescope<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Chidenengwa / Satiraiti<br />
|Satellite<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Jingamweya / Guteromweya<br />
|Atmosphere<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Planets in Shona==<br />
''Planet'' is '''Chindeya''' in Shona, and ''Planets'' are called '''Zvindeya'''.<br />
<br />
Note the use of Chi- in singular form and Zvi- in plural form.<br />
<br />
The Shona sky had 6 planets originally named, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto (which is no longer a planet) were not named due to how difficult they were to sight. It is also possible that Uranus could be an exception due to the fact that it can in fact be seen in the sky as blue dot in the far distance.<br />
<br />
===6 Main Planets in Shona===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Planets in Shona<br />
!English Translation<br />
!<br />
|-<br />
|Nyamatsatse<br />
|Mercury<br />
|Variations, Nyamatsatsi. <br />
Was often confused with Venus, hence they bare the same name.<br />
|-<br />
|Hweva<br />
|Venus<br />
|Also Nyamatsatsi, Masase/Masasi, Nhanda, Marinda, Murongo - all meaning 'morning' and 'evening star'.<br />
|-<br />
|Rinopasi<br />
|Earth<br />
|Meaning literally 'this land, this earth'<br />
|-<br />
|Murongazuva<br />
|Mars<br />
|Meaning 'one who arranges the day'<br />
|-<br />
|Vhenekeratsvimborume<br />
|Jupiter<br />
|Meaning 'lights the path of bachelor'<br />
|-<br />
|Chirema<br />
|Saturn<br />
|Chirema meaning 'lame/abnormal star' due to its rings.<br />
Also '''Chiremera''', meaning 'dignity'.<br />
|-<br />
|Rivusamatenga (or ''Yuranisi'')<br />
|Uranus<br />
|Proposed name. Meaning literally 'the governor of the heavens/above'. <br />
'''Yuranisi''' is also used, derives from Latin.<br />
|-<br />
|Nyn'aimamushana / Nyavusamadzi<br />
|Neptune<br />
|Proposed names. <br />
Nyn'aimamushana is 'one who shines in sunlight' due to its reflectiveness of sunlight.<br />
<br />
Nyavusamadzi, meaning literally 'governor of the waters'.<br />
<br />
'''Neputoni''' also used derives from Latin.<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="3" |<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Dwarf planets ===<br />
Minor-planets or dwarf planets are called '''Chindeyana''' (singular) and '''Zvindeyana''' (plural) in Shona.<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Dwarf planets in Shona<br />
!English Translation<br />
!<br />
|-<br />
|Njondi<br />
|Pluto<br />
|Proposed named.<br />
Based on definition of Pluto meaning 'wealthy one'.<br />
|-<br />
|Chirisa<br />
|Ceres<br />
|Proposed name. <br />
Based on definition, Chirisa also means 'nourishment'<br />
|-<br />
|Ẋaumeya<br />
|Haumea<br />
| rowspan="6" |Yet to be given native names, instead uses Shonarised names. <br />
|-<br />
|Makemake<br />
|Makemake<br />
|-<br />
|Herisi<br />
|Eris<br />
|-<br />
|Sanha<br />
|90377 Sedna<br />
|-<br />
|Kwawari<br />
|50000 Quaoar<br />
|-<br />
|Gon'on'u<br />
|225088 Gongong<br />
|-<br />
|Shoromi<br />
|90482 Orcus<br />
|Orcus and Pluto were named similiar, and so Shoromi was proposed.<br />
|-<br />
|Chai<br />
|120347 Salacia<br />
|Salacia means 'salt', so Chai was proposed.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Stars in Shona==<br />
''Star'' is nyeredzi or nyenyedzi in Shona, even in plural.<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Stars in Shona<br />
!English Translation<br />
!<br />
|-<br />
|Qhayanyedzi / Nhanganyedzi<br />
|Protostar<br />
|Meaning literally "beginning star"<br />
|-<br />
|Riungunyedzi<br />
|Blue Star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Nyedzana<br />
|Dwarf star<br />
|Meaning literally "baby star"<br />
|-<br />
|Nyedzana yehuroro<br />
|Yellow Dwarf star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Nyedzana yeranjisi<br />
|Orange Dwarf star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Nyedzana itsvuku<br />
|Red Dwarf star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Zinyedzi iungu<br />
|Blue Giant Star<br />
|Zi- is a prefix that signifies large things.<br />
|-<br />
|Zigurunyedzi riungu<br />
|Blue Supergiant star<br />
|Guru- means great.<br />
Hence Ziguru essentially is "big great"<br />
|-<br />
|Zinyedzi itsvuku<br />
|Red Giant star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Zigurunyedzi riungu<br />
|Red Supergiant star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Nyedzana ichena<br />
|White Dwarf star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Nyedzana itema<br />
|Black Dwarf star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Nyedzana yembise<br />
|Brown Dwarf star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Chibarinjeenyedzi<br />
|Neutron star<br />
|General spark star/neutral spark star<br />
|-<br />
|Chazvuvarima<br />
|Black Hole<br />
|Proposed name. Meaning literally 'a pulling darkness'<br />
|-<br />
| -<br />
|Pulsar<br />
| rowspan="4" |No native names given or proposed so English names used.<br />
|-<br />
| -<br />
|Quasar<br />
|-<br />
| -<br />
|Blazar<br />
|-<br />
| -<br />
|Magnetar<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="3" |<br />
|-<br />
|Zuva<br />
|Sun<br />
|Native name<br />
|-<br />
|Gwevamasiku<br />
|Sirius<br />
|Drawer of the night, due to being bright like Venus.<br />
|-<br />
|Rinyanga<br />
|Canopus<br />
|native name, Horned star<br />
|-<br />
|Ndemara<br />
|Fomalhaut<br />
|native name<br />
|-<br />
|Chisimira / Chimutanhatu / Chirimera<br />
|Pleaides<br />
|Native names.<br />
|}</div>Vincenthttps://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/Standard-moroccan-tamazight/Vocabulary/Animals&diff=291984Language/Standard-moroccan-tamazight/Vocabulary/Animals2024-03-17T09:30:43Z<p>Vincent: /* Interesting cultural facts */</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
{{Standard-moroccan-tamazight-Page-Top}}<br />
<br />
<div class="pg_page_title">Standard Moroccan Tamazight Vocabulary - Animals</div><br />
<br />
Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/standard-moroccan-tamazight Standard Moroccan Tamazight] learners! 😊<br>In this lesson, we will learn about animals in Standard Moroccan Tamazight. Animals are an essential part of our cultures and they are found everywhere, from African savannas to the Amazon rainforest. Knowing the names of different animals in Standard Moroccan Tamazight will help you communicate better with locals and understand their culture. So, let’s get started!<br><br />
__TOC__<br />
<br />
<br />
<span link>Take some time to dive into these other pages after completing this lesson: [[Language/Standard-moroccan-tamazight/Vocabulary/Family|Family]], [[Language/Standard-moroccan-tamazight/Vocabulary/How-to-Say-Hello-and-Greetings|Say Hello and Greetings in Standard Moroccan Tamazight]], [[Language/Standard-moroccan-tamazight/Vocabulary/Health|Health]] & [[Language/Standard-moroccan-tamazight/Vocabulary/Clothes|Clothes]].</span> <br />
== Basic vocabulary ==<br />
<br />
Here are some animal names and their translations in English. There are two main types of animals in Amazigh culture, wild animals and domestic animals.<br />
<br />
=== Wild animals ===<br />
<br />
Wild animals are animals that live in the wild, outside of human settlements. Here are some common examples:<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Standard Moroccan Tamazight !! Pronunciation !! English<br />
|-<br />
| agerzam || əzemmu:r || lion<br />
|-<br />
| akullu || əkullu || hyena<br />
|-<br />
| umeḍḍu || umeddou || bear<br />
|-<br />
| az3dudl || aɣyul || monkey<br />
|-<br />
| anzar || anzar || eagle<br />
|-<br />
| idurar || idurar || owl<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Domestic animals ===<br />
<br />
Domestic animals are animals that are raised by humans for food or as pets. Here are some common examples:<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Standard Moroccan Tamazight !! Pronunciation !! English<br />
|-<br />
| ayḍi || aidi || goat<br />
|-<br />
| isqaren || isqaren || sheep<br />
|-<br />
| aluf || aluf || cow<br />
|-<br />
| aghyul || ayughi || donkey<br />
|-<br />
| taddart || taddart || chicken<br />
|-<br />
| tasga || tasga || rabbit<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Interesting cultural facts ==<br />
<br />
- The Amazigh culture is full of references to animals. For instance, the lion is an important symbol of strength and courage in Amazigh poetry and literature. In fact, many Amazigh people use the name Azemmur as a given name for their sons.<br />
<br />
- The goat is a cultural icon in Amazigh culture. It is the most commonly used animal for sacrifice during religious festivals.<br />
<br />
- The hyena is often associated with witchcraft and bad luck in Amazigh culture. People believe that hyenas are evil and can bring harm to humans.<br />
<br />
- Camels are not commonly raised in the Amazigh regions of Morocco, but they are still an important mode of transportation in many other parts of Africa and the Middle East.<br />
<br />
- Snakes are feared and respected in Amazigh culture. People believe that snakes have special powers and that they can bring good luck or bad luck depending on the circumstances. <br />
<br />
- The donkey is a vital pack animal for transporting goods in Amazigh villages, and it is also an important symbol of humility and hard work.<br />
<br />
== Dialogue ==<br />
<br />
To help you understand how to use animal names in context, here's a dialogue between two friends:<br />
<br />
* Person 1: wouṭṭi, lqarqub qrib! (Look, a wolf is close!)<br />
* Person 2: daxa, ayḍi ur d-tili ara ad uksiḍ iga yiman i-iman-nneɣ. (Don't worry, the goats won't come near us while we're together.)<br />
<br />
== Vocabulary building ==<br />
<br />
Now that you know some basic animal vocabulary in Standard Moroccan Tamazight, it’s time to expand your vocabulary. Here are some additional animal names you might find useful:<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Standard Moroccan Tamazight !! Pronunciation !! English<br />
|-<br />
| aqqaqil || aqqaqil || parrot<br />
|-<br />
| ayul || ayul || horse<br />
|-<br />
| aferwal || aferwal || rooster<br />
|-<br />
| anebdu || anebdu || fox<br />
|-<br />
| agmad || agmad || antelope<br />
|-<br />
| agargouf || agargouf || scorpion<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Conclusion ==<br />
<br />
Animals are an important part of our world, and learning their names in Standard Moroccan Tamazight will help you connect more deeply with the culture and the people. Keep practicing and exploring the [https://polyglotclub.com/language/standard-moroccan-tamazight/Vocabulary Vocabulary] section of the Polyglot Club website. And remember, to truly master a language, you need to practice with natives speakers. So, don’t hesitate to [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=16 find native speakers] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/standard-moroccan-tamazight/question questions] you may have! 😊<hr><br />
<br />
➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎<br />
<br />
<br />
<span link>Excellent job on conquering this lesson! Consider delving into these related pages: [[Language/Standard-moroccan-tamazight/Vocabulary/Travel-Dialogue-Practice|Travel Dialogue Practice]], [[Language/Standard-moroccan-tamazight/Vocabulary/Common-Phrases|Learn Standard Moroccan Tamazight Vocabulary Greetings and ...]], [[Language/Standard-moroccan-tamazight/Vocabulary/Vegetables|Vegetables]] & [[Language/Standard-moroccan-tamazight/Vocabulary/How-to-say-Good-Bye?|How to say Good Bye?]].</span> <br />
{{#seo:<br />
|title=Standard Moroccan Tamazight Vocabulary - Animals<br />
|keywords=Standard Moroccan Tamazight, Animals, Vocabulary, Culture, Dialogue<br />
|description=Learn the names of different animals in Standard Moroccan Tamazight and connect more deeply with the culture and the people. Discover interesting cultural facts and keep practicing!<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Other Lessons==<br />
* [[Language/Standard-moroccan-tamazight/Vocabulary/Clothes|Clothes]]<br />
* [[Language/Standard-moroccan-tamazight/Vocabulary/Health|Health]]<br />
* [[Language/Standard-moroccan-tamazight/Vocabulary/Food|Food]]<br />
* [[Language/Standard-moroccan-tamazight/Vocabulary/Family|Family]]<br />
* [[Language/Standard-moroccan-tamazight/Vocabulary/Colors|Colors]]<br />
* [[Language/Standard-moroccan-tamazight/Vocabulary/Vegetables|Vegetables]]<br />
* [[Language/Standard-moroccan-tamazight/Vocabulary/Languages|Languages]]<br />
* [[Language/Standard-moroccan-tamazight/Vocabulary/Feelings-and-Emotions|Feelings and Emotions]]<br />
* [[Language/Standard-moroccan-tamazight/Vocabulary/Days-of-the-Week|Days of the Week]]<br />
<br />
{{Standard-moroccan-tamazight-Page-Bottom}}<br />
<span links></span></div>Vincenthttps://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/Waray-philippines/Vocabulary/How-to-Say-Hello-and-Greetings&diff=291865Language/Waray-philippines/Vocabulary/How-to-Say-Hello-and-Greetings2024-03-10T21:42:49Z<p>Vincent: Reverted edits by 115.147.55.241 (talk) to last revision by Vincent</p>
<hr />
<div><div class="pg_page_title">🤗 '''Waray''' Greetings for Everyday Life</div><br />
[[File:greetings-say-hello-polyglot-club.png|thumb]]<br />
[[File:Philippines-PolyglotClub.png|thumb]]<br />
Hello, enthusiasts of the Waray language! 🌟<br />
<br />
The Waray language, also known as Waray-Waray, Binisaya, or Samar-Leyte, is a rich linguistic heritage spoken by approximately 3 million individuals. This language is primarily used in several provinces within the Philippines, including Leyte, Samar, Eastern Samar, Northern Samar, and Biliran.<br />
<br />
If you're considering traveling to any of these vibrant regions, then this guide is a must-read for you! We're going to delve into some key greetings that you'll find indispensable for your journey.<br />
<br />
Greetings aren't just customary; they're the foundation of social interaction and effective communication in any language. They provide the initial step in forging meaningful connections with others, so understanding them is crucial.<br />
<br />
So, why wait? Let's dive right in and get acquainted with the Waray language! 🎉<br />
__TOC__<br />
==Greetings==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
!'''English'''<br />
!'''Waray (Philippines)'''<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|general greeting<br />
|Maupay<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|general greeting spoken in the Leyte-Samarnon dialect [war-sam]<br />
|Maupay nga oras<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|general daytime greeting spoken in the Leyte-Samarnon dialect [war-sam]<br />
|Maupay nga adlaw<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|morning greeting spoken in the Leyte-Samarnon dialect [war-sam] / Good morning (to you/us all)!<br />
|Maupay nga aga (ha inyo/aton nga tanan)!<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|noontime greeting spoken in the Leyte-Samarnon dialect [war-sam] / Good noon!<br />
|Maupay nga udto<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|afternoon greeting spoken in the Leyte-Samarnon dialect [war-sam] / Good afternoon!<br />
|Maupay nga kulop<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|nighttime greeting spoken in the Leyte-Samarnon dialect [war-sam]<br />
|Maupay nga gab-i<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|general daytime greeting spoken in the Ormoc City (Leyte) dialect [war-sam]<br />
|Maupay na adlaw<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|morning greeting spoken in the Ormoc City (Leyte) dialect [war-sam]<br />
|Maupay na aga<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|noontime greeting spoken in the Ormoc City (Leyte) dialect [war-sam]<br />
|Maupay na udto<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|evening greeting spoken in the Ormoc City (Leyte) dialect [war-sam]<br />
|Maupay na gab-i<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|how are you?<br />
|Kumusta ka?<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|reply to Kumusta ka<br />
|Maupay man<br />
|-<br />
|Happy Fiesta!<br />
|Maupay nga Patron!<br />
|-<br />
|Thank you!<br />
|Salamat!<br />
|-<br />
|Thank you very much!<br />
|Damo nga salamat!<br />
|-<br />
|You are welcome.<br />
|Waray sapayan.<br />
|-<br />
|What's your name?<br />
|Ano imo ngaran?<br />
|-<br />
|How are you?<br />
|Kumusta ka?<br />
|-<br />
|Fine, thank you.<br />
|Maupay man, salamat.<br />
|-<br />
|Where do you live?<br />
|Taga diin ka? / Diin ka naukoy?<br />
|-<br />
|Where did you come from?<br />
|Tikang ka diin?<br />
|-<br />
|I live in _______.<br />
|Taga ______.<br />
|-<br />
|I came from _______.<br />
|Tikang ako ha ______.<br />
|-<br />
|No.<br />
|Diri.<br />
|-<br />
|Yes.<br />
|Oo.<br />
|-<br />
|Do you speak Tagalog?<br />
|Maaram ka mag-Tagalog?<br />
|-<br />
|I don't speak Waray.<br />
|Diri ako maaram mag-Waray.<br />
|-<br />
|I don't understand.<br />
|Diri ako nakakaintindi.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Videos==<br />
Greetings in Waray & Tagalog<br />
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BnPAZmwi-SM</youtube><br />
-----<br />
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LcEzJYd0hZY</youtube><br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
* http://users.elite.net/runner/jennifers/<br />
* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LcEzJYd0hZY<br />
* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LcEzJYd0hZY<br />
<br />
==Free Waray (Philippines) Lessons==<br />
*'''[[Language/Waray-philippines/Grammar|Grammar Lessons]]'''<br />
<br />
*'''[[Language/Waray-philippines/Vocabulary|Vocabulary Lessons]]'''<br />
<br />
*'''[[Language/Waray-philippines/Pronunciation|Pronunciation Lessons]]'''<br />
<br />
*'''[[Language/Waray-philippines/Culture|Culture Lessons]]'''<br />
==Language Exchange==<br />
*'''[https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=7375 Find members TEACHING Waray (Philippines)]'''<br />
*'''[https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&dem1=7375 Find members LEARNING Waray (Philippines)]'''<br />
==Forum==<br />
*'''[https://polyglotclub.com/language/waray-philippines/forum SHARE ideas about Waray (Philippines)]'''<br />
*'''[https://polyglotclub.com/language/waray-philippines/question Ask a QUESTION about Waray (Philippines)]'''<br />
==Tools==<br />
*'''[https://polyglotclub.com/language/waray-philippines/note Have your text CORRECTED in Waray (Philippines)]'''<br />
*'''[https://polyglotclub.com/language/waray-philippines/video VIDEOS to learn Waray (Philippines)]'''<br />
==Marketplace==<br />
*'''[https://polyglotclub.com/services/search-jobs/?pg_offre=7375 Buy or Sell SERVICES related to Waray (Philippines)]'''<br />
<br />
{{#seo:<br />
|title=🤗 Say Hello and Greetings in Waray (Philippines)<br />
|keywords=hello, how are you?, where are you from?, evening, afternoon, morning, night, thank you, welcome.<br />
|description=In this lesson, you will learn the most important Waray (Philippines) greetings you need to know. How to say hello, how are you, good morning etc.<br />
|og:image=https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/images/thumb/6/67/Greetings-say-hello-polyglot-club.png/450px-Greetings-say-hello-polyglot-club.png<br />
}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Waray (Philippines)/Beginner]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Greetings]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Say-Hello]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Jennifers]]</div>Vincenthttps://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/Shona/Grammar/Connecting-Sentences&diff=291864Language/Shona/Grammar/Connecting-Sentences2024-03-10T21:41:25Z<p>Vincent: Reverted edits by 37.67.47.7 (talk) to last revision by Maintenance script</p>
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<div><br />
<span pgnav><br />
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav" <br />
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|[[Language/Shona/Grammar/Common-Prepositions|◀️ Common Prepositions — Previous Lesson]]<br />
|[[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Modes-of-Transportation|Next Lesson — Modes of Transportation ▶️]]<br />
|}<br />
</span><br />
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{{Shona-Page-Top}}<br />
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Shona|Shona]] → [[Language/Shona/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Shona/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Prepositions and Conjunctions → Connecting Sentences</div><br />
<br />
__TOC__<br />
<br />
== Introduction ==<br />
<br />
Welcome to the lesson on connecting sentences using conjunctions in Shona! In this lesson, we will explore how conjunctions play a crucial role in linking sentences and ideas together. By understanding and mastering this aspect of Shona grammar, you will be able to express yourself more fluently and coherently in the language. <br />
<br />
Throughout this lesson, we will provide clear explanations, numerous examples, and engaging practice exercises to help you grasp the concept fully. We will also delve into the cultural aspects of the Shona language, exploring any regional variations in the usage of conjunctions and sharing interesting cultural facts along the way. So let's get started!<br />
<br />
== Understanding Conjunctions ==<br />
<br />
Conjunctions are words or phrases that connect words, phrases, or clauses. They serve as bridges between different parts of a sentence, allowing us to express complex ideas and relationships. In Shona, conjunctions are used to link sentences together, creating a cohesive and coherent flow of thoughts.<br />
<br />
There are different types of conjunctions, each serving a specific purpose. In this lesson, we will focus on coordinating conjunctions, which are used to connect sentences of equal importance. These conjunctions include "kunze" (and), "ne" (and), "kana" (or), and "kuno" (but).<br />
<br />
Let's take a closer look at each of these coordinating conjunctions and their usage:<br />
<br />
=== Kunze (And) ===<br />
<br />
The conjunction "kunze" is used to connect two or more sentences that express similar or related ideas. It is equivalent to the English word "and" and is commonly used in Shona conversation.<br />
<br />
Here are a few examples:<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Shona !! Pronunciation !! English<br />
|-<br />
| Ndakugadzirira sadza, kunze ndokubikira nyama. || /ndakuɡad͡zirira sadza, kunze ndokuɓikira ɲama/ || I cooked sadza, and then I grilled meat.<br />
|-<br />
| Muri kufamba kunze, kunze muchitamba nevarume. || /muri kufamba kunze, kunze mut͡ʃitamba nevarume/ || You are walking and playing with the boys.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Ne (And) ===<br />
<br />
The conjunction "ne" is also used to connect sentences that express similar or related ideas. It is equivalent to the English word "and" and is often used interchangeably with "kunze."<br />
<br />
Here are a few examples:<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Shona !! Pronunciation !! English<br />
|-<br />
| Ndakugadzirira sadza, ne ndokubikira nyama. || /ndakuɡad͡zirira sadza, ne ndokuɓikira ɲama/ || I cooked sadza, and then I grilled meat.<br />
|-<br />
| Muri kufamba ne, ne mut͡ʃitamba nevarume. || /muri kufamba ne, ne mut͡ʃitamba nevarume/ || You are walking and playing with the boys.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Kana (Or) ===<br />
<br />
The conjunction "kana" is used to connect two or more sentences that present alternatives or choices. It is equivalent to the English word "or" and is commonly used in Shona conversation.<br />
<br />
Here are a few examples:<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Shona !! Pronunciation !! English<br />
|-<br />
| Ndichakupai pfuti kana mhere. || /ndit͡ʃakupai pfuti kana mhere/ || I will give you a gun or a knife.<br />
|-<br />
| Murikuitei kana musadaro? || /murikuit͡sei kana musadaro/ || What are you doing or not doing?<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Kuno (But) ===<br />
<br />
The conjunction "kuno" is used to connect two sentences that express contrasting or opposing ideas. It is equivalent to the English word "but" and is often used to introduce a contrasting statement.<br />
<br />
Here are a few examples:<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Shona !! Pronunciation !! English<br />
|-<br />
| Ndakugadzirira sadza, kuno ndokusunungura nyama. || /ndakuɡad͡zirira sadza, kuno ndokusununɡura ɲama/ || I cooked sadza, but I forgot to grill meat.<br />
|-<br />
| Murikufamba pamusoro, kuno muri kufara. || /murikufamba pamusoro, kuno muri kufara/ || You are walking uphill, but you are happy.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Cultural Insights ==<br />
<br />
In the Shona language, the usage of conjunctions may vary slightly across different regions or dialects. For example, in some dialects, the conjunction "kunze" may be more commonly used than "ne" to express the idea of "and." Similarly, the conjunction "kana" may be replaced with "oko" in certain regions.<br />
<br />
Historically, the Shona language has been influenced by various neighboring languages, resulting in some differences in vocabulary and grammar. However, the basic principles of using conjunctions to connect sentences remain consistent across different dialects of the language.<br />
<br />
Shona culture places great emphasis on clear and concise communication. Using appropriate conjunctions to link sentences is an essential aspect of effective communication in the language. It not only helps convey meaning accurately but also adds depth and richness to conversations.<br />
<br />
== Practice Exercises ==<br />
<br />
Now that we have explored the different conjunctions and their usage, let's practice using them in sentences. Translate the following English sentences into Shona using the appropriate conjunction:<br />
<br />
1. I like to read books ____ watch movies.<br />
2. Do you want tea ____ coffee?<br />
3. He is tall ____ strong.<br />
4. She is going to the store ____ the market.<br />
5. We can play soccer ____ basketball.<br />
<br />
Solution:<br />
1. Handinetsi kubvisa magazini ____ kubvumira kukurumidza.<br />
2. Woda chisi ____ kahawa?<br />
3. Akatora mutengo ____ ari musana.<br />
4. Akafamba kuendesa mabhishi ____ kumagumbeze.<br />
5. Tinogona kudzorera bhora ____ kugadzirisa basikiti.<br />
<br />
Explanation:<br />
1. The conjunction "ne" is used to connect the verbs "kubvisa magazini" (to read books) and "kubvumira kukurumidza" (to watch movies).<br />
2. The conjunction "kana" is used to present the choice between tea and coffee.<br />
3. The conjunction "kuno" is used to express the contrasting qualities of being tall and strong.<br />
4. The conjunction "ne" is used to connect the destinations "mabhishi" (the store) and "kumagumbeze" (the market).<br />
5. The conjunction "kunze" is used to connect the activities of playing soccer and basketball.<br />
<br />
== Conclusion ==<br />
<br />
Congratulations on completing the lesson on connecting sentences using conjunctions in Shona! You have learned how to use the coordinating conjunctions "kunze," "ne," "kana," and "kuno" to link sentences together and convey meaning effectively. By practicing these conjunctions in various contexts, you will become more fluent and confident in your Shona communication skills.<br />
<br />
Remember to pay attention to the cultural aspects of the language, as they add depth and richness to your understanding. Shona is a beautiful and diverse language, and by mastering its grammar and vocabulary, you will gain a deeper appreciation for the Shona culture and its people.<br />
<br />
Continue practicing and exploring the Shona language, and soon you will be able to express yourself fluently at the A1 level. We hope you enjoyed this lesson and found it informative. Keep up the great work, and see you in the next lesson!<br />
<br />
{{#seo:<br />
|title=Shona Grammar → Prepositions and Conjunctions → Connecting Sentences<br />
|keywords=Shona grammar, Shona language, Shona conjunctions, coordinating conjunctions in Shona, connecting sentences in Shona<br />
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to connect sentences and ideas in Shona using coordinating conjunctions. Explore the cultural aspects of the Shona language and practice the usage of conjunctions through engaging exercises.<br />
}}<br />
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{{Shona-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Course]]<br />
[[Category:Shona-Course]]<br />
[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]<br />
[[Category:Shona-0-to-A1-Course]]<br />
<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo-16k></span> <span temperature=0.7></span><br />
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==Sources==<br />
* [http://waltercommons.digital.conncoll.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Shona-Textbook.pdf Shona-Textbook.pdf]<br />
* [http://roseshona.blogspot.com/2020/06/ June 2020 - Shona's Shennanigans]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Other Lessons==<br />
* [[Language/Shona/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]]<br />
* [[Language/Shona/Grammar/Past-Tense|Past Tense]]<br />
* [[Language/Shona/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]<br />
* [[Language/Shona/Grammar/Descriptive-Adjectives|Descriptive Adjectives]]<br />
* [[Language/Shona/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be|How to Use Be]]<br />
* [[Language/Shona/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]]<br />
* [[Language/Shona/Grammar/Give-your-Opinion|Give your Opinion]]<br />
* [[Language/Shona/Grammar/Gender|Gender]]<br />
* [[Language/Shona/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]<br />
* [[Language/Shona/Grammar/Personal-Pronouns|Personal Pronouns]]<br />
<br />
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{{Shona-Page-Bottom}}<br />
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<span pgnav><br />
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav" <br />
<br />
|[[Language/Shona/Grammar/Common-Prepositions|◀️ Common Prepositions — Previous Lesson]]<br />
|[[Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Modes-of-Transportation|Next Lesson — Modes of Transportation ▶️]]<br />
|}<br />
</span></div>Vincenthttps://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Astronomy&diff=291731Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Astronomy2024-03-05T20:32:33Z<p>Vincent: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Shona-Page-Top}}<br />
On this page, we will learn about astronomy in Shona. It is important to inform and understand, that much of the Shona language - as well as the languages that fall within this category - are still under development to encompass all aspects of modern science. You will find that other aspects, be it stars or otherwise may have native Shona names whilst others may have borrowed names. <br />
<br />
In terms of borrowing, Shona historically borrows from Swahili (Arabic, Persian - much of it via Swahili), Afrikaans, Portuguese, English, and other surrounding Bantu languages due to proximity. Additionally, when borrowing new terms in current times, Shona follows the same system, although reversed, surrounding Bantu languages first, particularly those that are closely related to the Shona people and their language such as Venda, Tonga, Tsonga, Chewa, etcetera. Then Swahili, then Portuguese, then English, with Afrikaans (rarely as of present) and other world languages being a last option unless the concept in need of translation is directly derived from a specific people. <br />
<br />
==Astronomy Vocabulary==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Shona word<br />
!English Translation<br />
!<br />
|-<br />
|Sainzi / Guruzivo<br />
|Science<br />
|Sainzi derives from English. <br />
Guruzivo describes the function of science as a concept.<br />
|-<br />
|Tendarevesainzi / Tendarevezivo<br />
|Pseudoscience<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Upanganyedzi /Upanganyeredzi<br />
|Astronomy<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Ruambanyeredzi / Unenanyeredzi<br />
|Astrology<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Ruambarhadenga / Unenarhadenga<br />
|Cosmology<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
| colspan="2" |<br />
|-<br />
|Zuva<br />
|Sun<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Mwedzi<br />
|Moon<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Chamushana / chazuva<br />
|Solar<br />
|i.e. Karenda yechamushana (solar calendar)<br />
|-<br />
|Mutandiro wemushana<br />
|Solar System<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Chamwedzi<br />
|Lunar<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Nyeredzi / Nyenyedzi<br />
|Star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Chanyedzi<br />
|Stellar<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Hudzitirwa<br />
|Eclipse<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Denga<br />
|Sky<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Chadenga<br />
|Space, outer-space<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Pasirose<br />
|World<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Chindeya<br />
|Planet<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Chindeyana<br />
|Dwarf planet<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Rudunhumwe<br />
|Universe<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Rhadenga<br />
|Cosmos<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Muzvcazi<br />
|Galaxy<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Gwararezhou / Gwararakurumbi<br />
|The Milky Way Galaxy<br />
|Gwararezhou is "the path of the elephant", variation Gwararenzou.<br />
Gwara raKurumbi "the path of Kurumbi".<br />
|-<br />
|Unganyeredzi<br />
|Constellation<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Hatomu<br />
|Atom<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Mhodzigetsi<br />
|Electron<br />
|Meaning literally 'Electric seed'<br />
|-<br />
|Dararabari / Darararito<br />
|Proton<br />
|Dararabari meaning "positive spark"<br />
Purutoni following English.<br />
|-<br />
|Ribarinjee / Chibarinjee / Sasinjee<br />
|Neutron<br />
|Meaning literally 'neutral/general spark, ordinary spark'<br />
Nyutironi following English.<br />
|-<br />
|Sebhe<br />
|Matter<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Gunganidzo<br />
|Gravity<br />
|Meaning "gathering"<br />
|-<br />
|Huremu / Ndemu<br />
|Mass<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Svosvobwauzuru<br />
|Meteoroid<br />
|Meaning 'heaven/sky meteor'<br />
|-<br />
|Svosvobwa<br />
|Meteor, shooting star<br />
|Meaning 'shooting star'<br />
|-<br />
|Svosvobwaunda<br />
|Meteorite<br />
|Meaning 'land meteor'<br />
|-<br />
|Ribwendeya (''or'' Chibwendeya)<br />
|Asteroid<br />
|Meaning literally 'stone object, stone planet'<br />
|-<br />
|Rimuswenyedzi (''or'' Chimuswenyedzi)<br />
|Comet<br />
|Meaning literally 'tailed star'.<br />
|-<br />
|Rifanadzvanyedzi<br />
|Nova, Novae<br />
|Meaning "like a new star"<br />
|-<br />
|Chamudhuvhuranyedzi<br />
|Supernova, Supernovae<br />
|Meaning "bursting star"<br />
|-<br />
|Chamupfunga<br />
|Nebula<br />
|Meaning "vapour"<br />
|-<br />
|Gumbanyedzi<br />
|Asterism<br />
|Meaning "star group"<br />
|-<br />
|Sumbu renyeredzi<br />
|Star cluster<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Unye wegetsimagineti<br />
|Electromagnetic radiation<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Boterero<br />
|Orbit<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Muchacha wembunyuko / Muchacha wemutizo<br />
|Escape velocity<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Sumbu rechembumbwa<br />
|Globular cluster<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Tsazavusiku<br />
|Equinox<br />
|Tsaza- is equi, nox/noct- which is night is vusiku<br />
|-<br />
|Zuvaragodza<br />
|Solstice<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Nangazira<br />
|Spectrum<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Mazhara / Nyamazhara<br />
|Small Magellanic Cloud<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Maguta / Nyamaguta<br />
|Large Magellanic Cloud<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="3" |<br />
|-<br />
|Dongorahweva / Chiringakure<br />
|Telescope<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Chidenengwa / Satiraiti<br />
|Satellite<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Jingamweya / Guteromweya<br />
|Atmosphere<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Planets in Shona==<br />
''Planet'' is '''Chindeya''' in Shona, and ''Planets'' are called '''Zvindeya'''.<br />
<br />
Note the use of Chi- in singular form and Zvi- in plural form.<br />
<br />
The Shona sky had 6 planets originally named, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto (which is no longer a planet) were not named due to how difficult they were to sight. It is also possible that Uranus could be an exception due to the fact that it can in fact be seen in the sky as blue dot in the far distance.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Planets in Shona<br />
!English Translation<br />
!<br />
|-<br />
|Nyamatsatse<br />
|Mercury<br />
|Variations, Nyamatsatsi. <br />
Was often confused with Venus, hence they bare the same name.<br />
|-<br />
|Hweva<br />
|Venus<br />
|Also Nyamatsatsi, Masase/Masasi, Nhanda, Marinda, Murongo - all meaning 'morning' and 'evening star'.<br />
|-<br />
|Rinopasi<br />
|Earth<br />
|Meaning literally 'this land, this earth'<br />
|-<br />
|Murongazuva<br />
|Mars<br />
|Meaning 'one who arranges the day'<br />
|-<br />
|Vhenekeratsvimborume<br />
|Jupiter<br />
|Meaning 'lights the path of bachelor'<br />
|-<br />
|Chirema<br />
|Saturn<br />
|Chirema meaning 'lame/abnormal star' due to its rings.<br />
Also '''Chiremera''', meaning 'dignity'.<br />
|-<br />
|Rivusamatenga (or ''Yuranisi'')<br />
|Uranus<br />
|Proposed name. Meaning literally 'the governor of the heavens/above'. <br />
'''Yuranisi''' is also used, derives from Latin.<br />
|-<br />
|Nyn'aimamushana / Nyavusamadzi<br />
|Neptune<br />
|Proposed names. <br />
Nyn'aimamushana is 'one who shines in sunlight' due to its reflectiveness of sunlight.<br />
<br />
Nyavusamadzi, meaning literally 'governor of the waters'.<br />
<br />
'''Neputoni''' also used derives from Latin.<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="3" |<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Dwarf planets ===<br />
Minor-planets, dwarf planets are called '''Chindeyana''' (singular) and '''Zvindeyana''' (plural) in Shona.<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Dwarf planets in Shona<br />
!English Translation<br />
!<br />
|-<br />
|Njondi<br />
|Pluto<br />
|Proposed named.<br />
Based on definition of Pluto meaning 'wealthy one'.<br />
|-<br />
|Chirisa<br />
|Ceres<br />
|Proposed name. <br />
Based on definition, Chirisa also means 'nourishment'<br />
|-<br />
|Ẋaumeya<br />
|Haumea<br />
| rowspan="6" |Yet to be given native names, instead uses Shonarised names. <br />
|-<br />
|Makemake<br />
|Makemake<br />
|-<br />
|Herisi<br />
|Eris<br />
|-<br />
|Sanha<br />
|90377 Sedna<br />
|-<br />
|Kwawari<br />
|50000 Quaoar<br />
|-<br />
|Gon'on'u<br />
|225088 Gongong<br />
|-<br />
|Shoromi<br />
|90482 Orcus<br />
|Orcus and Pluto were named similiar, and so Shoromi was proposed.<br />
|-<br />
|Chai<br />
|120347 Salacia<br />
|Salacia means 'salt', so Chai was proposed.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Stars in Shona==<br />
''Star'' is nyeredzi or nyenyedzi in Shona, even in plural.<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Stars in Shona<br />
!English Translation<br />
!<br />
|-<br />
|Qhayanyedzi / Nhanganyedzi<br />
|Protostar<br />
|Meaning literally "beginning star"<br />
|-<br />
|Riungunyedzi<br />
|Blue Star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Nyedzana<br />
|Dwarf star<br />
|Meaning literally "baby star"<br />
|-<br />
|Nyedzana yehuroro<br />
|Yellow Dwarf star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Nyedzana yeranjisi<br />
|Orange Dwarf star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Nyedzana itsvuku<br />
|Red Dwarf star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Zinyedzi iungu<br />
|Blue Giant Star<br />
|Zi- is a prefix that signifies large things.<br />
|-<br />
|Zigurunyedzi riungu<br />
|Blue Supergiant star<br />
|Guru- means great.<br />
Hence Ziguru essentially is "big great"<br />
|-<br />
|Zinyedzi itsvuku<br />
|Red Giant star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Zigurunyedzi riungu<br />
|Red Supergiant star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Nyedzana ichena<br />
|White Dwarf star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Nyedzana itema<br />
|Black Dwarf star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Nyedzana yembise<br />
|Brown Dwarf star<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Chibarinjeenyedzi<br />
|Neutron star<br />
|General spark star/neutral spark star<br />
|-<br />
|Chazvuvarima<br />
|Black Hole<br />
|Proposed name. Meaning literally 'a pulling darkness'<br />
|-<br />
| -<br />
|Pulsar<br />
| rowspan="4" |No native names given or proposed so English names used.<br />
|-<br />
| -<br />
|Quasar<br />
|-<br />
| -<br />
|Blazar<br />
|-<br />
| -<br />
|Magnetar<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="3" |<br />
|-<br />
|Zuva<br />
|Sun<br />
|Native name<br />
|-<br />
|Gwevamasiku<br />
|Sirius<br />
|Drawer of the night, due to being bright like Venus.<br />
|-<br />
|Rinyanga<br />
|Canopus<br />
|native name, Horned star<br />
|-<br />
|Ndemara<br />
|Fomalhaut<br />
|native name<br />
|-<br />
|Chisimira / Chimutanhatu / Chirimera<br />
|Pleaides<br />
|Native names.<br />
|}</div>Vincenthttps://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/English/Vocabulary/Difference-between-ROBBER,-BURGLAR,-MUGGER-and-THIEF&diff=291730Language/English/Vocabulary/Difference-between-ROBBER,-BURGLAR,-MUGGER-and-THIEF2024-03-05T20:29:29Z<p>Vincent: </p>
<hr />
<div><div class="pg_page_title">Differences between:<br>ROBBER, BURGLAR, MUGGER, PICKPOCKET & THIEF?</div><br />
{{English-flag}}<br />
In English, there are a large number of words to describe someone who steals things from people - particularly relating to the method which these criminals use to take the items. There are five very common words to describe such people: "burglar", "robber", "mugger", "pickpocket" and "thief". <br />
__TOC__<br />
<span link>Take some time to dive into these other pages after completing this lesson: [[Language/English/Vocabulary/Words-ending-with-the-suffix-less|Words ending with the suffix less]], [[Language/English/Vocabulary/Common-Acronyms-Social-Media-SMS|Common Acronyms Social Media SMS]] & [[Language/English/Vocabulary/“In-the-office”-or-“at-the-office”|“In the office” or “at the office”]].</span> <br />
==Burglar==<br />
<br />
Someone who breaks in / forces his/her way into a building so as to steal something. It could be for example a home, office or factory. Usually, there is no intended violence directly towards people. The verb used to describe a burglar in the process of stealing something is "to burgle sth", which is more common in British English and "to burglarize sth", seen in American English.<br />
==Robber==<br />
<br />
Someone who threatens violence so that he/she can steal something from someone. If the threatened person does not permit the robber to take what the robber wants, then the robber will be violent so that he/she can take what he/she wants from the victim. "to rob sb" is the verb describing a robber "at work".<br />
<br />
==Mugger==<br />
<br />
Someone who uses violence without any warning to make it possible / easier to steal something from someone. It could be a criminal hitting someone on the head then stealing something from that person. "to mug sb" is the verb describing the violence and stealing done by a mugger.<br />
<br />
==Pickpocket==<br />
<br />
Someone who steals from someone’s pocket, coat or bag without that person realising that he/she is having something stolen. The thing stolen is directly with/on the victim, not somewhere else such as on a table. The term "pickpocket" originally comes from describing someone who very quickly and with almost no force pulling something - i.e. "picking" - something from someone's pocket. "to pickpocket sb" describes stealing by pickpockets.<br />
<br />
==Thief==<br />
<br />
This is a general term for someone who steals something without threatening violence. Burglars (usually) and pickpockets can also be classified as thieves (the plural of ”thief”). Someone who takes someone’s wallet from a desk by just walking through a door is a thief, but not a pickpocket or a burglar. The verb for this action is "to thieve sth from sb".<br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
* https://polyglotclub.com/language/english/question/28333<br />
<br />
==Other Lessons==<br />
* [[Language/English/Vocabulary/Top-Job-Interview-Questions|Top Job Interview Questions]]<br />
* [[Language/English/Vocabulary/Números-cardinales-en-inglés|Números cardinales en inglés]]<br />
* [[Language/English/Vocabulary/Common-Mistakes|Common Mistakes]]<br />
* [[Language/English/Vocabulary/Give-up-VS-Abandon|Give up VS Abandon]]<br />
* [[Language/English/Vocabulary/French-words-used-in-English|French words used in English]]<br />
* [[Language/English/Vocabulary/Art|Art]]<br />
* [[Language/English/Vocabulary/Parts-of-the-Body|Parts of the Body]]<br />
* [[Language/English/Vocabulary/Phrasal-Verbs-UP!|Phrasal Verbs UP!]]<br />
* [[Language/English/Vocabulary/Almost-and-nearly;-practically|Almost and nearly; practically]]<br />
* [[Language/English/Vocabulary/Common-Acronyms-Social-Media-SMS|Common Acronyms Social Media SMS]]<br />
<span links></span></div>Vincenthttps://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/English/Grammar/There-is-or-There-are%3F&diff=291729Language/English/Grammar/There-is-or-There-are?2024-03-05T20:27:48Z<p>Vincent: </p>
<hr />
<div><div class="pg_page_title">Understanding the Use of 'There is' and 'There are' in English Grammar</div><br />
{{English-flag}}<br />
<br />
There is often confusion among learners, and even some native English speakers, regarding the correct usage of ''there is'' and ''there are''. This short explanation aims to clarify this.<br />
<br />
== Usage of ''There'' ==<br />
''There'' is used to indicate the position or existence of something.<br />
<br />
=== Singular Form ===<br />
* '''There is a book on the table.''' - ''Is'' is used to describe the position or existence of a single item, in this case, ''a book''.<br />
<br />
=== Plural Form ===<br />
* '''There are books on the table.''' - ''Are'' indicates that we are describing the position or existence of multiple items, in this case, ''books''.<br />
<br />
However, there are exceptions:<br />
<br />
=== Mixed Plural and Singular ===<br />
* '''There is a book and pens on the table.''' - ''Is'' is used because the first item listed is singular, ''a book''.<br />
* '''There are books and a pen on the table.''' - ''Are'' is used because the first item listed is plural, ''books''.<br />
<br />
== Subject-focused Sentences ==<br />
Using ''book'' as the subject of the sentence implies a different emphasis compared to using ''There is''/''There are'':<br />
* '''Books are on the table.''' - This emphasizes that ''Books'' are the primary focus, with their location being secondary.<br />
* '''There are books on the table.''' - This implies that our primary concern is the position (or existence) of ''Books''.<br />
<br />
== Past Tense Forms ==<br />
* '''There was a book on the table.''' - The simple past form of ''There is''.<br />
* '''There were books on the table.''' - The simple past form of ''There are''.</div>Vincenthttps://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/English/Grammar/There-is-or-There-are%3F&diff=291728Language/English/Grammar/There-is-or-There-are?2024-03-05T20:27:06Z<p>Vincent: </p>
<hr />
<div><div class="pg_page_title">Understanding the Use of 'There is' and 'There are' in English Grammar</div><br />
<br />
There is often confusion among learners, and even some native English speakers, regarding the correct usage of ''there is'' and ''there are''. This short explanation aims to clarify this.<br />
<br />
== Usage of ''There'' ==<br />
''There'' is used to indicate the position or existence of something.<br />
<br />
=== Singular Form ===<br />
* '''There is a book on the table.''' - ''Is'' is used to describe the position or existence of a single item, in this case, ''a book''.<br />
<br />
=== Plural Form ===<br />
* '''There are books on the table.''' - ''Are'' indicates that we are describing the position or existence of multiple items, in this case, ''books''.<br />
<br />
However, there are exceptions:<br />
<br />
=== Mixed Plural and Singular ===<br />
* '''There is a book and pens on the table.''' - ''Is'' is used because the first item listed is singular, ''a book''.<br />
* '''There are books and a pen on the table.''' - ''Are'' is used because the first item listed is plural, ''books''.<br />
<br />
== Subject-focused Sentences ==<br />
Using ''book'' as the subject of the sentence implies a different emphasis compared to using ''There is''/''There are'':<br />
* '''Books are on the table.''' - This emphasizes that ''Books'' are the primary focus, with their location being secondary.<br />
* '''There are books on the table.''' - This implies that our primary concern is the position (or existence) of ''Books''.<br />
<br />
== Past Tense Forms ==<br />
* '''There was a book on the table.''' - The simple past form of ''There is''.<br />
* '''There were books on the table.''' - The simple past form of ''There are''.</div>Vincenthttps://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/English/Grammar/-There-is--or--There-are-%3F&diff=291727Language/English/Grammar/-There-is--or--There-are-?2024-03-05T20:24:32Z<p>Vincent: Vincent moved page Language/English/Grammar/-There-is--or--There-are-? to Language/English/Grammar/There-is-or-There-are?</p>
<hr />
<div>#REDIRECT [[Language/English/Grammar/There-is-or-There-are?]]</div>Vincenthttps://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/English/Grammar/There-is-or-There-are%3F&diff=291726Language/English/Grammar/There-is-or-There-are?2024-03-05T20:24:32Z<p>Vincent: Vincent moved page Language/English/Grammar/-There-is--or--There-are-? to Language/English/Grammar/There-is-or-There-are?</p>
<hr />
<div>There is confusion among many learners, and even a few native English speakers, about when to use 'there is' or 'there are'. Here is a short explanation.<br />
<br />
<br />
Firstly, note that we use ”There” to tell someone that we are describing the position or existence of something.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'There is a book on the table.' - 'is' is used here to describe the position/existence of a single item, 'a book'.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'There are books on the table' - 'are' tells us that there is plural or more than one item we are describing the position of or existence, in this case 'books'.<br />
<br />
<br />
BUT!<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'There is a book and pens on the table.' - we use 'is' because the first item in the list is singular, 'a book'.<br />
<br />
<br />
and <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'There are books and a pen on the table.' - we use 'are' because the first item in the list is plural, 'books'.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Also, using 'book' as the subject of the sentence tells us something different from using 'There is'/'There are': <br />
<br />
'Books are on the table.' and 'There are books on the table' communicate different things. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'Books are on the table.' gives the emphasis that 'Books' are our primary focus. The location of 'Books' is secondary to the object 'Books'.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
”There are books on the table.” - our primary concern is on the position (and perhaps even introducing the existence) of ;Books' .<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'There was' and 'There were' are the simple past forms of 'There is' and 'There are', e.g.<br />
<br />
<br />
'There was a book on the table.'<br />
<br />
'There were books on the table.'</div>Vincenthttps://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/Assamese/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have&diff=291725Language/Assamese/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have2024-03-05T20:23:43Z<p>Vincent: Reverted edits by 103.240.205.16 (talk) to last revision by Maintenance script</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
{{Assamese-Page-Top}}<br />
<br />
<div class="pg_page_title">Assamese Grammar - How to Use "Have"</div><br />
<br />
Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/assamese Assamese] learners! 😊<br><br />
<br />
In this lesson, we will learn how to use the verb "have" in Assamese. "Have" is a very important verb in any language, and it is used very frequently in both written and spoken Assamese. Understanding how to use "have" correctly will help you to express yourself more effectively in both formal and informal contexts. We will also look at the cultural significance of "have" in Assamese speaking communities so that you can understand how to use this verb in its proper socio-cultural context. <br />
<br />
__TOC__<br />
<br />
<br />
<span link>Finish this lesson and explore these related pages: [[Language/Assamese/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]] & [[Language/Assamese/Grammar/Negation|Negation]].</span> <br />
== The Meaning of "Have" in Assamese ==<br />
<br />
"Have" is a verb that is used to indicate possession or ownership. For example, in English, we use the verb "have" to talk about things that we possess, such as "I have a house," or "she has a car." In Assamese, we use the verb "আছে" (aa-se) to express the same concept. For example, you can say, "মোৰ এটা ঘৰ আছে" (mor eta ghôr aa-se), which means "I have this house."<br />
<br />
== Using "Have" in Positive Sentences ==<br />
<br />
To use "have" in a positive sentence in Assamese, you simply need to add "আছে" (aa-se) after the noun or pronoun that indicates possession. For example, if you wanted to say "I have a car," you would say "মোৰ কাৰ আছে" (mor kar aa-se). If you wanted to say "she has a book," you would say "সেইটো পুস্তক আছে" (se-to pustôk aa-se).<br />
<br />
Here are a few more examples:<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Assamese !! Pronunciation !! English<br />
|-<br />
| আমাৰ খুচি আছে। || "Amor khuchi aa-se" || I have a dog.<br />
|-<br />
| যিমানে আছে। || "Zimane aa-se" || There is a plane.<br />
|-<br />
| মই আগৰ আছো। || "Moi agor aasho" || I have a fever.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Using "Have" in Negative Sentences ==<br />
<br />
To use "have" in a negative sentence, you need to add the word "নাই" (nai) after the noun or pronoun that indicates possession. For example, if you wanted to say "I do not have a car," you would say "মোৰ কাৰ নাই" (mor kar nai). If you wanted to say "she does not have a book," you would say "সেইটো পুস্তক নাই" (se-to pustôk nai).<br />
<br />
Here are a few more examples:<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Assamese !! Pronunciation !! English<br />
|-<br />
| মোৰ ফোন নাই। || "Mor phon nai" || I do not have a phone.<br />
|-<br />
| আপুনি কল রিচচেৰ্ছ নাই। || "Apuuni kol richchôrch nai" || You do not have a missed call.<br />
|-<br />
| তেখে বই নাই। || "Tekheu boi nai" || They do not have a pen.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Using "Have" in Interrogative Sentences ==<br />
<br />
To use "have" in an interrogative sentence, you simply need to change the word order so that the noun or pronoun indicating possession comes after "আছে" (aa-se) or "নাই" (nai). For example, if you wanted to ask "do you have a car?" you would say "তোমাৰ কাৰ আছে নে?" (tomar kar aa-se ne?). If you wanted to ask "does he have a book?" you would say "সেইটো পুস্তক আছে নে?" (se-to pustôk aa-se ne?).<br />
<br />
Here are a few more examples:<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Assamese !! Pronunciation !! English<br />
|-<br />
| আপোনালোগ কানাক আছে নে? || "Apunaloag khanak aa-se ne?" || Do you have any money?<br />
|-<br />
| লগতে মাখত আছে নে? || "Lôgote makhôt aa-se ne?" || Do you have a headache?<br />
|-<br />
| তোমাৰ দাঁতৰ বেগমাত আছে নে? || "Tomar datôr begomat aa-se ne?" || Do you have toothpaste?<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Cultural Context ==<br />
<br />
In Assamese-speaking communities, the verb "have" is not just used to indicate possession or ownership. It is also commonly used to indicate status or social position. For example, if someone asks you about your health or well-being, you might reply by saying "ভাল আছো" (bhal aasho), which means "I am well." This phrase literally translates to "I have good," highlighting the cultural significance of "having" good health.<br />
<br />
Similarly, in Assamese-speaking communities, it is common to use the verb "have" to indicate relationships with others. For example, if someone asks you if you have any brothers or sisters, you might say "মোৰ সোদালু আছে" (mor sôdalu aa-se), which means "I have siblings." This usage of "have" emphasizes the way in which relationships are seen as possessions in Assamese culture.<br />
<br />
== Dialogue ==<br />
<br />
Here is a short dialogue to help you see how the verb "have" is used in context:<br />
<br />
* Person 1: তোমাৰ বাৰ্তাৰ বুলি গৈছিলো৷ (Tomar bartar buli gôichilo.) [Translation: I was told your news.]<br />
* Person 2: হোৱা কি তুমি আছে নে? (Howa ki tumi aa-se ne?) [Translation: Do you have a fever?]<br />
* Person 1: আছে, কিন্তু কম হয়্ নাই। (Aa-se, kintu kom hoy nai.) [Translation: Yes, but it is not decreasing.]<br />
<br />
== Conclusion ==<br />
<br />
In this lesson, we have looked at how to use the verb "have" in Assamese. We have seen how to use it in positive, negative, and interrogative sentences, and we have seen some examples of how the verb is used in context. We have also looked at the cultural significance of "have" in Assamese speaking communities. By understanding the correct usage of "have" in Assamese, you will be better equipped to express yourself effectively in any socio-cultural context. <br />
<br />
To improve your [[Language/Assamese|Assamese]] [[Language/Assamese/Grammar|Grammar]], you can also use the [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] website. [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=8 Find native speakers] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/assamese/question questions]!<br />
<br />
<hr>➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎<br />
<br />
<br />
<span link>Finished this lesson? Check out these related lessons: [[Language/Assamese/Grammar/Possession|Possession]] & [[Language/Assamese/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]].</span> <br />
{{#seo:<br />
|title=Assamese Grammar - How to Use "Have"<br />
|keywords=Assamese, have, grammar, verb, possession, ownership, cultural understanding<br />
|description=In this lesson, we will learn how to use the verb "have" in Assamese. Understanding how to use "have" correctly will help you to express yourself more effectively in both formal and informal contexts. We will also look at the cultural significance of "have" in Assamese speaking communities so that you can understand how to use this verb in its proper socio-cultural context. <br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Other Lessons==<br />
* [[Language/Assamese/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]]<br />
* [[Language/Assamese/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]<br />
* [[Language/Assamese/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be|How to Use Be]]<br />
* [[Language/Assamese/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]<br />
* [[Language/Assamese/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]<br />
* [[Language/Assamese/Grammar/Possession|Possession]]<br />
* [[Language/Assamese/Grammar/Prepositions|Prepositions]]<br />
* [[Language/Assamese/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]]<br />
* [[Language/Assamese/Grammar/Adverbs|Adverbs]]<br />
<br />
<span class='maj'></span><br />
==Sources==<br />
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assamese_language Assamese language - Wikipedia]<br />
* [https://www.assamesetranslation.in/ English to Assamese Translation]<br />
* [https://www.ujudebug.com/assamese-to-english-translation/ Assamese to English Translation - UJUDEBUG]<br />
<br />
{{Assamese-Page-Bottom}}<br />
<span links></span></div>Vincenthttps://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/Yoruba/Grammar/Alphabets-and-Pronunciation&diff=291702Language/Yoruba/Grammar/Alphabets-and-Pronunciation2024-03-04T15:53:09Z<p>Vincent: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
<span pgnav><br />
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav" <br />
<br />
|[[Language/Yoruba/Grammar/Basic-Sentence-Structure|Next Lesson — Basic Sentence Structure ▶️]]<br />
|}<br />
</span><br />
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{{Yoruba-Page-Top}}<br />
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Yoruba|Yoruba]] → [[Language/Yoruba/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Yoruba/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Introduction to Yoruba Language → Alphabets and Pronunciation</div><br />
<br />
__TOC__<br />
<br />
== Introduction ==<br />
<br />
Welcome to the "Complete 0 to A1 Yoruba Course"! In this lesson, we will dive into the fascinating world of Yoruba alphabets and pronunciation. Learning the Yoruba alphabet and mastering the proper pronunciation of letters and sounds is the first step towards building a solid foundation for your Yoruba language journey. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to read and pronounce Yoruba words with confidence and accuracy.<br />
<br />
== The Yoruba Alphabet ==<br />
<br />
The Yoruba language is written using a modified version of the Latin alphabet, consisting of 25 letters. These letters are:<br />
<br />
A, B, D, E, Ẹ, F, G, GB, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, Ọ, P, R, S, Ṣ, T, U, W, Y<br />
<br />
It is worth noting that some Yoruba words also contain diacritical marks, such as the dot below (ẹ) and the dot above (ọ), which indicate specific vowel sounds.<br />
<br />
== Pronunciation Guide ==<br />
<br />
Now that you are familiar with the Yoruba alphabet, let's explore the pronunciation of each letter. It is important to note that the Yoruba language has certain sounds that may be unfamiliar to English speakers. We will provide examples and explanations to help you grasp these sounds more easily.<br />
<br />
=== Vowels ===<br />
<br />
The Yoruba language has seven vowel sounds: A, E, Ẹ, I, O, Ọ, U. Here is a guide to their pronunciation:<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Yoruba !! Pronunciation !! English Translation<br />
|-<br />
| A || /a/ || father<br />
|-<br />
| E || /e/ || bed<br />
|-<br />
| Ẹ || /ɛ/ || pet<br />
|-<br />
| I || /i/ || see<br />
|-<br />
| O || /o/ || go<br />
|-<br />
| Ọ || /ɔ/ || sort<br />
|-<br />
| U || /u/ || boot<br />
|}<br />
<br />
It is important to pronounce each vowel sound distinctly to ensure clear communication in Yoruba.<br />
<br />
=== Consonants ===<br />
<br />
The Yoruba language has several consonant sounds. Let's explore each of them:<br />
<br />
- B: Pronounced like the English "b" in "bed."<br />
<br />
- D: Pronounced like the English "d" in "dog."<br />
<br />
- F: Pronounced like the English "f" in "fall."<br />
<br />
- G: Pronounced like the English "g" in "go."<br />
<br />
- GB: Pronounced as a voiced "g" followed by a "b" sound.<br />
<br />
- H: Pronounced like a breathy "h" sound.<br />
<br />
- J: Pronounced like the English "j" in "jump."<br />
<br />
- K: Pronounced like the English "k" and "ck" in "kick."<br />
<br />
- L: Pronounced like the English "l" in "love."<br />
<br />
- M: Pronounced like the English "m" in "mother."<br />
<br />
- N: Pronounced like the English "n" in "nice."<br />
<br />
- O: Same as vowel pronunciation.<br />
<br />
- P: Pronounced like the English "p" in "pot."<br />
<br />
- R: Rolled or tapped 'r', similar to the Spanish 'r'.<br />
<br />
- S: Pronounced like the English "s" in "snake."<br />
<br />
- Ṣ: Pronounced like the English "sh" in "shush."<br />
<br />
- T: Pronounced like the English "t" in "top."<br />
<br />
- W: Pronounced like the English "w" in "water."<br />
<br />
- Y: Pronounced like the English "y" in "yes."<br />
<br />
== Cultural Insights ==<br />
<br />
The Yoruba language is not only a means of communication but also a reflection of Yoruba culture and heritage. Understanding the nuances of Yoruba pronunciation can deepen your appreciation for the language and its cultural significance.<br />
<br />
In Yoruba culture, proper pronunciation is highly valued and considered a sign of respect. Yoruba people take pride in their language and appreciate when others make an effort to learn and pronounce Yoruba words correctly. By mastering the Yoruba pronunciation, you are not only improving your language skills but also showing respect for Yoruba culture and its people.<br />
<br />
Additionally, the Yoruba language has regional variations in pronunciation. Different regions may have slight differences in how certain sounds are pronounced. These variations add richness and diversity to the Yoruba language, reflecting the diverse cultural landscape of the Yoruba people.<br />
<br />
== Practice Exercises ==<br />
<br />
Now it's time to put your knowledge into practice! Here are some exercises to help you reinforce your understanding of Yoruba alphabets and pronunciation:<br />
<br />
Exercise 1: Pronunciation Matching<br />
Match the Yoruba words with their correct pronunciation.<br />
<br />
1. Yoruba: Owo<br />
Pronunciation: /o/<br />
<br />
2. Yoruba: Iya<br />
Pronunciation: /i/<br />
<br />
3. Yoruba: Ẹwa<br />
Pronunciation: /ɛ/<br />
<br />
4. Yoruba: Sọrọ<br />
Pronunciation: /sɔ/<br />
<br />
5. Yoruba: Eku<br />
Pronunciation: /e/<br />
<br />
6. Yoruba: Ajọ<br />
Pronunciation: /a/<br />
<br />
7. Yoruba: Ọkan<br />
Pronunciation: /ɔ/<br />
<br />
<br />
Exercise 2: Vowel Practice<br />
Read the following Yoruba words out loud, focusing on the correct pronunciation of each vowel sound:<br />
<br />
- Aja<br />
<br />
- Epo<br />
<br />
- Ọkan<br />
<br />
- Inu<br />
<br />
- Uku<br />
<br />
Exercise 3: Consonant Practice<br />
Practice pronouncing the following Yoruba consonant sounds:<br />
<br />
- B<br />
<br />
- D<br />
<br />
- F<br />
<br />
- G<br />
<br />
- GB<br />
<br />
- H<br />
<br />
- J<br />
<br />
- K<br />
- L<br />
- M<br />
<br />
- N<br />
<br />
- O<br />
<br />
- P<br />
<br />
- R<br />
<br />
- S<br />
<br />
- Ṣ<br />
<br />
- T<br />
<br />
- W<br />
<br />
- Y<br />
<br />
== Solutions ==<br />
<br />
Exercise 1: Pronunciation Matching<br />
<br />
1. Yoruba: Owo<br />
Pronunciation: /o/ (like in "go")<br />
<br />
2. Yoruba: Iya<br />
Pronunciation: /i/ (like in "see")<br />
<br />
3. Yoruba: Ẹwa<br />
Pronunciation: /ɛ/ (like in "pet")<br />
<br />
4. Yoruba: Sọrọ<br />
Pronunciation: /sɔ/ (like in "sort")<br />
<br />
5. Yoruba: Eku<br />
Pronunciation: /e/ (like in "bed")<br />
<br />
6. Yoruba: Ajọ<br />
Pronunciation: /a/ (like in "father")<br />
<br />
7. Yoruba: Ọkan<br />
Pronunciation: /ɔ/ (like in "sort")<br />
<br />
== Conclusion ==<br />
<br />
Congratulations on completing the "Alphabets and Pronunciation" lesson! You have learned the Yoruba alphabet and how to pronounce each letter and sound accurately. Remember, practice makes perfect, so continue to practice your pronunciation regularly to improve your fluency in Yoruba. In the next lesson, we will explore the basic sentence structure of Yoruba, which will help you construct simple sentences. Keep up the great work!<br />
<br />
<br />
{{#seo:<br />
|title=Yoruba Grammar → Introduction to Yoruba Language → Alphabets and Pronunciation<br />
|keywords=Yoruba alphabet, Yoruba pronunciation, Yoruba language, Yoruba culture, Yoruba exercises<br />
|description=Learn the Yoruba alphabet and proper pronunciation of letters and sounds to form a solid foundation for your Yoruba language journey. Explore the cultural insights and practice exercises to enhance your learning experience.<br />
}}<br />
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{{Yoruba-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Course]]<br />
[[Category:Yoruba-Course]]<br />
[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]<br />
[[Category:Yoruba-0-to-A1-Course]]<br />
<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo-16k></span> <span temperature=0.7></span><br />
<br />
==Videos==<br />
<br />
===The Yoruba Language Alphabet & Tone Marks (Álífábẹ́tì àti Àmì ...===<br />
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nCXp86zSPcE</youtube><br />
<br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
*[[wikipedia:Yoruba_language|Yoruba language - Wikipedia]]<br />
*[https://www.lexilogos.com/english/yoruba_dictionary.htm Yoruba Dictionary Online Translation LEXILOGOS]<br />
<br />
<br />
==Other Lessons==<br />
*[[Language/Yoruba/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]<br />
*[[Language/Yoruba/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]<br />
*[[Language/Yoruba/Grammar/Basic-Sentence-Structure|Basic Sentence Structure]]<br />
*[[Language/Yoruba/Grammar/Onka-Yoruba-(Counting-and-Numbers-in-Yoruba)|Onka Yoruba (Counting and Numbers in Yoruba)]]<br />
*[[Language/Yoruba/Grammar/Give-your-Opinion|Give your Opinion]]<br />
*[[Language/Yoruba/Grammar/Irregular-Verbs|Irregular Verbs]]<br />
*[[Language/Yoruba/Grammar/Regular-Verbs|Regular Verbs]]<br />
*[[Language/Yoruba/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]<br />
*[[Language/Yoruba/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]]<br />
*[[Language/Yoruba/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]<br />
<br />
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{{Yoruba-Page-Bottom}}<br />
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<span pgnav><br />
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav" <br />
<br />
|[[Language/Yoruba/Grammar/Basic-Sentence-Structure|Next Lesson — Basic Sentence Structure ▶️]]<br />
|}</div>Vincenthttps://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/Norwegian-bokmal/Grammar/Common-Prepositions&diff=291701Language/Norwegian-bokmal/Grammar/Common-Prepositions2024-03-04T15:44:02Z<p>Vincent: </p>
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<div><br />
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{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav" <br />
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|[[Language/Norwegian-bokmal/Vocabulary/Eating-Out|◀️ Eating Out — Previous Lesson]]<br />
|[[Language/Norwegian-bokmal/Grammar/Coordinating-Conjunctions|Next Lesson — Coordinating Conjunctions ▶️]]<br />
|}<br />
</span><br />
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{{Norwegian-bokmal-Page-Top}}<br />
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Norwegian-bokmal|Norwegian Bokmål]] → [[Language/Norwegian-bokmal/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Norwegian-bokmal/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Prepositions and Conjunctions → Common Prepositions</div><br />
<br />
__TOC__<br />
<br />
== Introduction ==<br />
<br />
Welcome to the lesson on common prepositions in Norwegian Bokmål! Prepositions are an essential part of any language, including Norwegian Bokmål. They help us express relationships between different words and indicate location, direction, time, and more. In this lesson, we will explore the most commonly used prepositions in Norwegian Bokmål, along with their usage and examples. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of how to use prepositions correctly in your Norwegian Bokmål sentences.<br />
<br />
== Common Prepositions ==<br />
<br />
=== Prepositions of Place ===<br />
<br />
Prepositions of place are used to describe the location or position of an object or person in relation to something else. Here are some common prepositions of place in Norwegian Bokmål:<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Norwegian Bokmål !! Pronunciation !! English<br />
|-<br />
| på || poh || on, at<br />
|-<br />
| i || ee || in<br />
|-<br />
| ved || ved || by, near<br />
|-<br />
| under || oon-der || under<br />
|-<br />
| over || oh-ver || over<br />
|-<br />
| mellom || mel-lom || between<br />
|-<br />
| foran || for-an || in front of<br />
|-<br />
| bak || bak || behind<br />
|-<br />
| ved siden av || ved see-den av || next to<br />
|-<br />
| rundt || roont || around<br />
|}<br />
<br />
Examples:<br />
* Jeg bor på Oslo. (I live in Oslo.)<br />
* Boken ligger på bordet. (The book is on the table.)<br />
* Skolen er ved siden av parken. (The school is next to the park.)<br />
<br />
=== Prepositions of Time ===<br />
<br />
Prepositions of time are used to indicate when an action takes place. Here are some common prepositions of time in Norwegian Bokmål:<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Norwegian Bokmål !! Pronunciation !! English<br />
|-<br />
| i || ee || in, during<br />
|-<br />
| på || poh || on, at<br />
|-<br />
| etter || e-ter || after<br />
|-<br />
| før || fur || before<br />
|-<br />
| om || ohm || in, after<br />
|-<br />
| rundt || roont || around<br />
|-<br />
| mellom || mel-lom || between<br />
|-<br />
| fra || fra || from<br />
|-<br />
| til || til || to, until<br />
|}<br />
<br />
Examples:<br />
* Vi skal møtes i morgen. (We are meeting tomorrow.)<br />
* Jeg skal på kino på lørdag. (I am going to the cinema on Saturday.)<br />
* Jeg kommer før lunsj. (I will come before lunch.)<br />
<br />
=== Prepositions of Direction ===<br />
<br />
Prepositions of direction are used to indicate movement or direction. Here are some common prepositions of direction in Norwegian Bokmål:<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Norwegian Bokmål !! Pronunciation !! English<br />
|-<br />
| til || til || to<br />
|-<br />
| fra || fra || from<br />
|-<br />
| gjennom || yen-nom || through<br />
|-<br />
| over || oh-ver || over<br />
|-<br />
| under || oon-der || under<br />
|-<br />
| langs || langs || along<br />
|-<br />
| opp || ohp || up<br />
|-<br />
| ned || ned || down<br />
|-<br />
| ut || oot || out<br />
|-<br />
| inn || een || in<br />
|}<br />
<br />
Examples:<br />
* Jeg går til butikken. (I am going to the store.)<br />
* Han kom fra skolen. (He came from the school.)<br />
* Bilen kjørte opp bakken. (The car drove up the hill.)<br />
<br />
== Regional Variations ==<br />
<br />
It's important to note that the usage and understanding of prepositions can vary slightly across different regions of Norway. While the core meaning of prepositions remains the same, there may be some regional variations in their usage. It's always helpful to be aware of these differences, especially if you plan on traveling or interacting with native Norwegian speakers from different regions.<br />
<br />
== Cultural Insights ==<br />
<br />
Norwegian culture is deeply rooted in its natural surroundings, and this is reflected in the language. Prepositions related to nature and the environment are commonly used in Norwegian Bokmål. For example, the preposition "på" (on, at) is frequently used to describe being in nature, such as "på fjellet" (in the mountains) or "på stranda" (on the beach). Norwegians have a strong connection to their natural surroundings and often engage in outdoor activities such as hiking, skiing, and fishing.<br />
<br />
Additionally, prepositions are used in Norwegian Bokmål to indicate social relationships and interactions. For example, the preposition "med" (with) is used to express companionship and togetherness, such as "med venner" (with friends) or "med familien" (with family). Norwegians value strong social connections and prioritize spending quality time with loved ones.<br />
<br />
== Exercises ==<br />
<br />
Now it's time to practice using the common prepositions in Norwegian Bokmål! Complete the following exercises and check your answers below.<br />
<br />
Exercise 1: Fill in the blank with the correct preposition.<br />
<br />
1. Jeg bor _____ Norge.<br />
<br />
2. Vi skal møtes _____ parken.<br />
<br />
3. Han kom _____ toget.<br />
<br />
4. Boken ligger _____ bordet.<br />
<br />
5. Jeg skal på ferie _____ to uker.<br />
<br />
Exercise 2: Translate the following sentences into Norwegian Bokmål.<br />
<br />
1. She is in the kitchen.<br />
<br />
2. The cat is under the table.<br />
<br />
3. We are going to the cinema on Friday.<br />
<br />
4. They live next to the park.<br />
<br />
5. The bus goes through the city.<br />
<br />
== Exercise Solutions ==<br />
<br />
Exercise 1:<br />
<br />
1. Jeg bor i Norge.<br />
<br />
2. Vi skal møtes i parken.<br />
<br />
3. Han kom med toget.<br />
<br />
4. Boken ligger på bordet.<br />
<br />
5. Jeg skal på ferie i to uker.<br />
<br />
Exercise 2:<br />
<br />
1. Hun er på kjøkkenet.<br />
<br />
2. Katten er under bordet.<br />
<br />
3. Vi skal på kino på fredag.<br />
<br />
4. De bor ved siden av parken.<br />
<br />
5. Bussen går gjennom byen.<br />
<br />
Congratulations! You've successfully completed the exercises.<br />
<br />
{{#seo:<br />
|title=Norwegian Bokmål Grammar → Prepositions and Conjunctions → Common Prepositions<br />
|keywords=Norwegian Bokmål grammar, prepositions in Norwegian Bokmål, common prepositions, Norwegian Bokmål prepositions<br />
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to use common prepositions in Norwegian Bokmål. Explore the usage of prepositions of place, time, and direction, along with cultural insights and exercises.<br />
}}<br />
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{{Norwegian-bokmal-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Course]]<br />
[[Category:Norwegian-bokmal-Course]]<br />
[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]<br />
[[Category:Norwegian-bokmal-0-to-A1-Course]]<br />
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==Other Lessons==<br />
* [[Language/Norwegian-bokmal/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]<br />
* [[Language/Norwegian-bokmal/Grammar/Gender-and-Definite-Articles|Gender and Definite Articles]]<br />
* [[Language/Norwegian-bokmal/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]]<br />
* [[Language/Norwegian-bokmal/Grammar/Present-Tense|Present Tense]]<br />
* [[Language/Norwegian-bokmal/Grammar/Relative-clauses|Relative clauses]]<br />
* [[Language/Norwegian-bokmal/Grammar/Basic-Sentence-Structure|Basic Sentence Structure]]<br />
* [[Language/Norwegian-bokmal/Grammar/Modal-verbs|Modal verbs]]<br />
* [[Language/Norwegian-bokmal/Grammar/Nouns-and-adjectives|Nouns and adjectives]]<br />
* [[Language/Norwegian-bokmal/Grammar/Formal-writing-and-communication|Formal writing and communication]]<br />
* [[Language/Norwegian-bokmal/Grammar/Comparatives-and-Superlatives|Comparatives and Superlatives]]<br />
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{{Norwegian-bokmal-Page-Bottom}}<br />
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<span pgnav><br />
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav" <br />
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|[[Language/Norwegian-bokmal/Vocabulary/Eating-Out|◀️ Eating Out — Previous Lesson]]<br />
|[[Language/Norwegian-bokmal/Grammar/Coordinating-Conjunctions|Next Lesson — Coordinating Conjunctions ▶️]]<br />
|}<br />
</span></div>Vincenthttps://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/Samoan/Vocabulary/Family&diff=291700Language/Samoan/Vocabulary/Family2024-03-04T15:42:59Z<p>Vincent: </p>
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{{Samoan-Page-Top}}<br />
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<div class="pg_page_title">Samoan Vocabulary - Family</div><br />
<br />
Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/samoan Samoan] learners! 😊<br />
<br />
In this lesson, we will learn vocabulary related to family in Samoan language. Family is an important aspect of Samoan culture, and the words used to describe family members carry cultural significance. <br />
<br />
__TOC__<br />
<br />
<br />
<span link>Take a moment to explore these relevant pages as you conclude this lesson: [[Language/Samoan/Vocabulary/Food|Food]], [[Language/Samoan/Vocabulary/Feelings-and-Emotions|Feelings and Emotions]] & [[Language/Samoan/Vocabulary/Clothes|Clothes]].</span> <br />
== The importance of family in Samoan culture ==<br />
<br />
In Samoan culture, family is seen as the cornerstone of society. The extended family, or ''aiga'', includes many members and is responsible for looking after each other. Family members are expected to prioritize the needs of the ''aiga'' over their own individual desires. <br />
<br />
Samoan culture has specific terms for different members of the family, which go beyond the usual "mother," "father," "brother," and "sister." These words show respect and reflect the social hierarchy within the family. <br />
<br />
== Basic family vocabulary ==<br />
<br />
Let's start with some basic vocabulary for family members in Samoan language. <br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Samoan !! Pronunciation !! English<br />
|-<br />
| tama || tah-mah || father <br />
|-<br />
| tinā || tee-nah || mother <br />
|-<br />
| teine || teh-ee-neh || girl <br />
|-<br />
| tama'ita'i || tah-mah-ee-tah-ee || young lady <br />
|-<br />
| afafine || a fah fi ne || daughter <br />
|-<br />
| uso || oo-so || brother (of a male speaker) <br />
|-<br />
| tuafafine || too-ah-fah-fee-neh || sister (of a male speaker) <br />
|-<br />
| tuagane || too-ah-gah-neh || brother (of a female speaker) <br />
|-<br />
| teine o le aiga || teh-ee-neh oh leh ay-gah || sister (of a female speaker)<br />
|-<br />
| tama'aoga || tah-mah-oh-nga || school boy<br />
|-<br />
| atali'i || ah tah li 'i || son<br />
|}<br />
<br />
Some of these words might be tricky to say at first, but don't worry! Practice makes perfect. Try repeating them a few times.<br />
<br />
== Extended family vocabulary ==<br />
<br />
In Samoan culture, the extended family includes many members, not just immediate family. Let's take a look at some of the words used to describe members of the ''aiga''.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Samoan !! Pronunciation !! English<br />
|-<br />
| papā || pah-pah || grandfather <br />
|-<br />
| nana || nah-nah || grandmother <br />
|-<br />
| tama'ititi || tah-mah-ee-tee-tee || young child<br />
|-<br />
| matua tane || mah-too-ah tah-neh || uncle (older brother of a father)<br />
|-<br />
| tinā'ititi || tee-nah-ee-tee-tee || aunt (younger sister of a mother)<br />
|-<br />
| tinā'itamafafine || tee-nah-ee-tah-mah-fah-fee-neh || aunt (older sister of a mother)<br />
|-<br />
| faiaoga || fah-ee-ah-oh-gah || cousin <br />
|-<br />
| matua || mah-too-ah || parent <br />
|-<br />
| mātutua || mah-too-too-ah || grandparent <br />
|-<br />
| tama'ita'i lima || tah-mah-ee-tah-ee lee-mah || niece or young female cousin<br />
|-<br />
| tama'ita'i tuai || tah-mah-ee-tah-ee too-ah-ee || aunt or elderly female cousin<br />
|-<br />
| tamalii lima || tah-mah-lee lee-mah || nephew or young male cousin<br />
|-<br />
| tamalii tuai || tah-mah-lee too-ah-ee || uncle or elderly male cousin<br />
|}<br />
<br />
This table includes a number of terms, which show how Samoan culture values extended family ties.<br />
<br />
== Dialogue: talking about family ==<br />
<br />
Now, let's see how these words are used in context. <br />
<br />
* Person 1: ''O fea lou tina?'' (Where is your mother?)<br />
* Person 2: ''O lona fale i Apia.'' (Her house is in Apia.)<br />
<br />
* Person 1: ''E iai sou uso/tuafafine?'' (Do you have a brother/sister?)<br />
* Person 2: ''Ioe, o lo'u uso/tuafafine, o Iosefina.'' (Yes, my brother/sister is Josephine.)<br />
<br />
* Person 1: ''O fea o i ai lou uso?'' (Where is your brother?)<br />
* Person 2: ''O lo'u uso o Tama, ua alu i Ausetalia.'' (My brother, Tama, has gone to Australia.)<br />
<br />
* Person 1: ''E te mana'o e fai e le ulu o le aiga se faaiuga?'' (Do you want the head of the family to make a decision?)<br />
* Person 2: ''Ioe, ou te mana'o ai.'' (Yes, I want that.)<br />
<br />
== Fun Fact: Tusiata Avia, a Samoan poet ==<br />
<br />
Tusiata Avia is a Samoan writer and poet. She is known for her poems that often tackle themes related to Samoan culture, including family. In 2019, she was awarded the Commonwealth Short Story Prize for her short story, "Water."<br />
<br />
== Conclusion ==<br />
<br />
In this lesson, we learned about basic and extended family vocabulary in Samoan language. The words for different family members show Samoan culture's emphasis on extended family ties. To improve your Samoan vocabulary, you can also use the [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] website. [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=104 Find native speakers] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/samoan/question questions]!<br />
<br />
Don't forget to check out our [[:Language/Samoan/Vocabulary|Vocabulary]] page for more Samoan language lessons. Fa'afetai for learning with us!<br />
<br />
<hr>➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎<br />
<br />
<span class='maj'></span><br />
==Sources==<br />
* [https://samoan.ws/phrases-village-family Village & Family - Samoan Language Resources]<br />
* [https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/Samoan Samoan - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms | Vocabulary.com]<br />
* [https://languagedrops.com/word/en/english/samoan/translate/family/ What is "Family" in Samoan and how to say it?]<br />
<br />
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tusiata_Avia Tusiata Avia wikipedia page] <br />
<br />
<br />
<span link>Having concluded this lesson, consider checking out these related pages: [[Language/Samoan/Vocabulary/Greetings|Greetings]], [[Language/Samoan/Vocabulary/Animals|Animals]] & [[Language/Samoan/Vocabulary/Education|Education]].</span> <br />
{{#seo:<br />
|title=Samoan Vocabulary - Family<br />
|keywords=Samoan language, family vocabulary, Samoan culture, extended family, vocabulary, Polyglot Club<br />
|description=Learn Samoan vocabulary related to family and Samoan culture in this lesson. Practice with dialogue examples and cultural facts. Improve your Samoan by using Polyglot Club.<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Other Lessons==<br />
* [[Language/Samoan/Vocabulary/Geography|Geography]]<br />
* [[Language/Samoan/Vocabulary/Feelings-and-Emotions|Feelings and Emotions]]<br />
* [[Language/Samoan/Vocabulary/Colors|Colors]]<br />
* [[Language/Samoan/Vocabulary/Fruits|Fruits]]<br />
* [[Language/Samoan/Vocabulary/How-to-say-Good-Bye?|How to say Good Bye?]]<br />
* [[Language/Samoan/Vocabulary/Count-to-10|Count to 10]]<br />
* [[Language/Samoan/Vocabulary/Health|Health]]<br />
* [[Language/Samoan/Vocabulary/Animals|Animals]]<br />
* [[Language/Samoan/Vocabulary/Drinks|Drinks]]<br />
<br />
{{Samoan-Page-Bottom}}<br />
<span links></span></div>Vincenthttps://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/Mandaya/Vocabulary/How-to-Say-Hello-and-Greetings&diff=291699Language/Mandaya/Vocabulary/How-to-Say-Hello-and-Greetings2024-03-04T15:38:34Z<p>Vincent: Reverted edits by 158.62.69.48 (talk) to last revision by Maintenance script</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
<br />
[[File:greetings-say-hello-polyglot-club.png|thumb]]<br />
<br />
<div class="pg_page_title">🤗 '''Mandaya''' Greetings for Everyday Life</div><br />
<br />
Hi Mandaya learners! 😃<br />
<br />
Do you want to learn how to say “Hello” in '''Mandaya'''? <br />
<br />
Greetings are an important part of any language because they allow you to connect and communicate with others. <br />
<br />
If you’re planning a trip to the country or are trying to learn Mandaya, keep reading to discover some of the most important greetings.<br />
<br />
Let’s get started! 🤗<br />
__TOC__<br />
==Greetings==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
!'''English'''<br />
!'''Mandaya'''<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|general greeting<br />
|Anda<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|general daytime greeting<br />
|Madayaw na adlaw<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|morning greeting<br />
|Madayaw na 'maga<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|afternoon greeting<br />
|Madayaw ng 'apon<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|evening greeting<br />
|Madayaw na gab-i<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|how are you?<br />
|Kumusta da kaw?<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|reply to Kumusta da ka<br />
|Madayaw sa<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|welcome greeting<br />
|Madayaw na pagdatung<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
* http://users.elite.net/runner/jennifers<br />
<br />
==Free Mandaya Lessons==<br />
*'''[[Language/Mandaya/Grammar|Grammar Lessons]]'''<br />
<br />
*'''[[Language/Mandaya/Vocabulary|Vocabulary Lessons]]'''<br />
<br />
*'''[[Language/Mandaya/Pronunciation|Pronunciation Lessons]]'''<br />
<br />
*'''[[Language/Mandaya/Culture|Culture Lessons]]'''<br />
==Language Exchange==<br />
*'''[https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=4120 Find members TEACHING Mandaya]'''<br />
*'''[https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&dem1=4120 Find members LEARNING Mandaya]'''<br />
==Forum==<br />
*'''[https://polyglotclub.com/language/mandaya/forum SHARE ideas about Mandaya]'''<br />
*'''[https://polyglotclub.com/language/mandaya/question Ask a QUESTION about Mandaya]'''<br />
==Tools==<br />
*'''[https://polyglotclub.com/language/mandaya/note Have your text CORRECTED in Mandaya]'''<br />
*'''[https://polyglotclub.com/language/mandaya/video VIDEOS to learn Mandaya]'''<br />
==Marketplace==<br />
*'''[https://polyglotclub.com/services/search-jobs/?pg_offre=4120 Buy or Sell SERVICES related to Mandaya]'''<br />
<br />
{{#seo:<br />
|title=🤗 Say Hello and Greetings in Mandaya<br />
|keywords=hello, how are you?, where are you from?, evening, afternoon, morning, night, thank you, welcome.<br />
|description=In this lesson, you will learn the most important Mandaya greetings you need to know. How to say hello, how are you, good morning etc.<br />
|og:image=https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/images/thumb/6/67/Greetings-say-hello-polyglot-club.png/450px-Greetings-say-hello-polyglot-club.png<br />
}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Mandaya/Beginner]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Greetings]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Say-Hello]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Jennifers]]</div>Vincenthttps://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/Assamese/Vocabulary/Resources&diff=291698Language/Assamese/Vocabulary/Resources2024-03-04T15:37:44Z<p>Vincent: </p>
<hr />
<div><div class="pg_page_title">Assamese Resource List</div><br />
[[File:Assamese-Language-PolyglotClub.png|thumb]]<br />
[[File:India-Timeline-PolyglotClub.png|thumb]]<br />
Dear Assamese learners! <br />
<br />
➡ Do you want to learn Assamese but don't know where to start? <br />
<br />
Then I've got the perfect resource list for you and you can find its link below! <br />
<br />
Let me know if you have any suggestions to improve it. <br />
<br />
Here is what the resource list contains:<br />
* "Handmade" resources on certain grammar concepts for easy understanding.<br />
* Resources on learning the script.<br />
* Websites to practice reading the script.<br />
* Documents to enhance your vocabulary.<br />
* Notes on Colloquial.<br />
* Music playlists<br />
* List of podcasts/audiobooks And a compiled + organized list of websites you can use to get hold of grammar!<br />
<br />
Happy learning!<br />
<br />
Join the South Asian Languages server for learning more about the Pahari Languages: https://discord.gg/H2Cj6gP6RW<br />
<br />
<span link>Don't miss the chance to check out these pages as you wrap up this lesson:</span> [[Language/Assamese/Vocabulary/Health|Health]], [[Language/Assamese/Vocabulary/Colors|Colors]], [[Language/Assamese/Vocabulary/Education|Education]] & [[Language/Assamese/Vocabulary/Phrases-help|Phrases help]]. <br />
==Information==<br />
* https://www.britannica.com/topic/Assamese-language<br />
<br />
* https://www.indianmirror.com/languages/assamese-language.html<br />
<br />
* https://www.mapsofindia.com/assam/society/language.html<br />
<br />
* https://www.mustgo.com/worldlanguages/assamese/<br />
<br />
* http://www.schoolchalao.com/basic-education/show-results/indian-languages/assamese-language<br />
<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assamese_language<br />
<br />
==Grammar==<br />
* https://www.dailyassam.com/2020/06/assamese-grammar-new-assamese-grammar.html<br />
<br />
* https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=io.makeroid.manash_062.Complete_Assamese_Grammer&hl=en&gl=US<br />
<br />
* https://www.horeramtutor.com/2019/03/assamese-grammar.html<br />
<br />
* https://steprimo.com/android/us/app/com.assamesegrammar/Assamese-Grammar-Bahal-Byakaran-Assam-TET-2019/<br />
<br />
* http://devanandabharali.org/resources/Books%20by%20Devenanda%20Bharali/1.%20A%20Manual%20of%20assamese%20Grammar.pdf<br />
<br />
* https://www.ekuhipath.com/class-xi-arts/assamese-grammar/<br />
<br />
==Reading==<br />
* https://www.jonakaxom.in/2017/12/assamese-poem-for-love.html<br />
<br />
* https://assamnewslive.com/assam/assamese-poem-%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%80%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE/<br />
<br />
* https://arambhani.com/?q=node/44<br />
<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assamese_poetry<br />
<br />
* http://www.xophura.net/static/poem.htm<br />
<br />
* https://storyweaver.org.in/stories?bulkDownload=&language=Assamese&query=&sort=Relevance<br />
<br />
* https://www.amazon.in/GREATEST-ASSAMESE-STORIES-EVER-TOLD-ebook/dp/B09MHPXY14<br />
<br />
* https://assamlearningpoint.com/assamese-moral-story/<br />
<br />
* https://zubaanprojects.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/SPF-2019-Grant-Papers-Chandrica_Barua-Stories-By-The-Fire-On-A-Winter-Evening.pdf<br />
<br />
* https://champaca.in/products/the-greatest-assamese-stories-ever-told<br />
<br />
==Writing==<br />
* https://www.omniglot.com/writing/assamese.htm<br />
<br />
* https://learn.xobdo.org/learn-to-read/course-1-assamese-alphabets<br />
<br />
* http://www.languagereef.com/alphabets.php?lang=ASSAMESE<br />
<br />
* https://in.pinterest.com/pin/630855860278458882/<br />
<br />
* https://www.mustgo.com/worldlanguages/assamese/<br />
<br />
==Vocabulary==<br />
* http://ilanguages.org/assamese_vocabulary.php<br />
<br />
* https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Assamese_Swadesh_list<br />
<br />
* http://learn101.org/assamese_vocabulary.php<br />
<br />
* https://www.amazon.in/Intensive-Course-Assamese-Dialogues-Vocabulary/dp/0331579669<br />
<br />
* https://www.pdfdrive.com/a-dictionary-in-assamese-and-english-e18830682.html<br />
<br />
* http://www.bahaistudies.net/asma/A_Dictionary_in_Assamese_and_English.pdf<br />
<br />
* https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.736.8425&rep=rep1&type=pdf<br />
<br />
* https://pifabesi.weebly.com/uploads/1/3/5/9/135958575/zetebip.pdf<br />
*[https://www.assamesegyan.xyz/ https://www.assamesegyan.xyz]<br />
<br />
==Websites==<br />
* https://utalk.com/en/store/assamese<br />
<br />
* http://ilanguages.org/assamese.php<br />
<br />
* https://www.mylanguageexchange.com/Learn/assamese.asp<br />
<br />
* https://assamteleeducation.com/<br />
<br />
* https://nriol.com/indian-languages/learning-assamese.asp<br />
<br />
* https://learn.xobdo.org/<br />
<br />
* https://www.languageshome.com/English-Assamese.htm <br />
<br />
* https://www.assamesegyan.xyz/2023/01/assamese-essay-in-assamese-%e0%a6%85%e0%a6%b8%e0%a6%ae%e0%a7%80%e0%a6%af%e0%a6%bc%e0%a6%be-%e0%a7%b0%e0%a6%9a%e0%a6%a8%e0%a6%be.html<br />
<br />
* https://www.assamesegyan.xyz/2023/04/jawaharlal-nehru-essay-in-assamese.html<br />
<br />
==Apps==<br />
* Axomia Karan | Learn Assamese https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.jigyasan.axomiyakaran<br />
<br />
* Learn Assamese. Speak Assamese. Study Assamese. https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.pronunciatorllc.bluebird.assamese<br />
<br />
* Complete Assamese Grammar https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=io.makeroid.manash_062.Complete_Assamese_Grammer<br />
<br />
* Assamese Grammar- All in One https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.manashpdas.grammarapps<br />
<br />
* Assamese story https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.assamese.story<br />
<br />
* Assamese Online https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.assameseonline<br />
<br />
* Assamese Translator https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=in.angsh.assamesetranslator<br />
<br />
==Youtube Channels/Videos==<br />
===Channel===<br />
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCpcbtEmeNhlzGVjXXVJCn5g<br />
<br />
===Lesson - 1 Learn Alphabets | Learn Assamese | Desi Engine India ===<br />
<br />
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yuhrMv4WYL0</youtube><br />
<br />
===The Sound of the Assamese language (UDHR, Numbers, Greetings, Words & The Parable)=== <br />
<br />
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f7Bjdf4qCLM</youtube><br />
<br />
=== Learning Assamese #01 ===<br />
<br />
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eMtJpeBHoCs</youtube><br />
<br />
==Online Dictionaries==<br />
* https://www.khandbahale.com/language/assamese/<br />
<br />
* http://assamesedictionary.in/<br />
<br />
* https://glosbe.com/en/as<br />
<br />
* https://www.ats-group.net/dictionaries/dictionary-english-assamese.html<br />
<br />
* https://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/candrakanta/<br />
<br />
* https://assamesetranslate.com/<br />
<br />
* https://www.assamesetranslation.in/<br />
<br />
* https://translatetoassamese.moralnews.in/<br />
<br />
* https://www.assamnew.com/english-to-assamese-translation/<br />
*[https://www.assamesegyan.xyz/2023/01/essay-on-dr-sarvepalli-radhakrishnan-in-assamese.html 1st Vice-president সৰ্বপল্লী ৰাধাকৃষ্ণণৰ বিষয়ে]<br />
<br />
==Textbooks==<br />
* https://scert.assam.gov.in/portlet-sub-innerpage/learning-outcome-book-assamese<br />
<br />
* https://books.google.co.in/books/about/Assamese_Learning_Seapking_Course_Throug.html?id=EusEBsKnuDIC<br />
<br />
* https://www.booktopia.com.au/buy/assamese-language-learning-book<br />
<br />
* https://www.exoticindiaart.com/book/details/learn-assamese-in-month-concise-precise-simplified-indian-language-series-ihk046/<br />
<br />
* https://www.diamondbook.in/learn-assamese-in-30-daysthrough-english.html<br />
<br />
* https://www.jonakaxom.in/2018/12/assamese-ebook-pdf-download.html<br />
<br />
* https://www.pdfdrive.com/assamese-books.html<br />
<br />
* https://www.quora.com/Is-there-any-website-link-or-any-other-source-to-learn-Assamese<br />
<br />
==News Sources==<br />
* https://assam.news18.com/<br />
<br />
* https://www.asomiyapratidin.in/<br />
<br />
* https://assam.nenow.in/<br />
<br />
* https://pragnews.com/<br />
<br />
* https://newsonair.gov.in/Assamese/Assamese-Default.aspx<br />
<br />
==Podcasts and Audiobooks==<br />
* Assamese Life and Culture https://open.spotify.com/show/50U0Ou6QXdmtCt3r8GU8U8?si=0c0b4ea5af264d81<br />
<br />
* My Train of Thoughts; Assamese Podcast https://open.spotify.com/show/6HPUvD8xANKv4XmIaLetMX?si=d7d286f1098c4d95<br />
<br />
* Addacast (Assamese Podcast) https://open.spotify.com/show/4CovJvYTQoG6oNsoglUKmx?si=075235d2fdc940e5<br />
<br />
* Assamese Book Review https://open.spotify.com/show/5KBk3FgBi9iKR7t9G6rAUp?si=48c208bca31341f6<br />
<br />
* The Assamese https://open.spotify.com/show/4b7FjzQnGtFC5ROpbET0aW?si=c6d67a3e3703453d<br />
<br />
* Assamese Poem https://open.spotify.com/show/4KEQeSM7BnKYiyfvLqYC7g?si=cd57ec86140748f3<br />
<br />
* Assamese Folk Music https://open.spotify.com/show/3daBKmOkb0jFuKwMz99O3J?si=d3eec2e155634a7e<br />
<br />
* Assamese Poetry https://open.spotify.com/show/6HVWnK5ebGAhLxLvN9Lw2A?si=c59085b87e034f41<br />
<br />
* Assamese News Bulletin https://open.spotify.com/show/6ze71vb1zu1TsKM2oAgAii?si=6bf66ca757c74eaf<br />
<br />
==Music Playlists==<br />
<br />
* · [https://open.spotify.com/playlist/6llPXTPLzq4dDs7DUoWENt?si=65a651e017c94fc7 Assamese New Songs]<br />
* · [https://open.spotify.com/playlist/0XNglAZ2wsYKKSDmCGC8KM?si=c66b0f590e1f4f80 Assamese Hit Songs]<br />
* · [https://open.spotify.com/playlist/1L1s3HM1plprCVT0G3TmfE?si=6af872507f284383 Assamese New songs]<br />
* · [https://open.spotify.com/playlist/2B2WoCOYhafIfxi52KSGmJ?si=0734ea75807d4042 Assamese EDM Songs]<br />
* · [https://open.spotify.com/playlist/73pjbL1FEF0nN6D1vYZ7ZL?si=c770911cf05b4385 Assamese Folk]<br />
* · [https://open.spotify.com/playlist/7k7ITJ4NhHyKvVDeuwChzH?si=7de198e19c964f4a Assamese Bihu Hits]<br />
* · [https://open.spotify.com/playlist/5JqsCsbmYVXQYP2zYt7wka?si=2e936f82fb4948b1 Old Assamese Songs]<br />
* · [https://open.spotify.com/playlist/4bSJAuh8pRbDVoguHfjYZy?si=8cdcb56efe914d54 Assamese Romantic Songs]<br />
* · [https://open.spotify.com/playlist/0ir6JhXpHR9yRv51q5LDtM?si=d5ada317096045aa Top Assamese Hits]<br />
* · [https://open.spotify.com/playlist/2BlbNVTUTHVpuK4IRke2Ne?si=e9a30663a16a4e4a Latest Assamese Songs]<br />
* · [https://open.spotify.com/playlist/2yPbHNS1vypPEmvPbHZ6VS?si=190e1683b2524a35 Old Assamese Evergreen Songs]<br />
* · [https://open.spotify.com/playlist/5xmx1T1mtyofL3sdZi7vhf?si=e4e0db24e0774a1b Assamese Old Songs]<br />
* · [https://open.spotify.com/playlist/3GPlg5qgyUcuyW2rf5Xqu3?si=c410327ef4bc4c70 Assamese Sad Songs]<br />
* · [https://open.spotify.com/playlist/4JCJv4YLuHvYixs56PCAIu?si=903851f1299b4dff Assamese Lofi]<br />
* · [https://open.spotify.com/playlist/555kXPYpdBBiSYfRInkoN8?si=dc066df4faf84017 Assamese Love Songs]<br />
* · [https://open.spotify.com/playlist/36mlJYaetNfjefAqoHZFBK?si=d4aa09a38f2949ea Assamese EDM 2022]<br />
<br />
==Online Keyboards==<br />
* https://www.typingbaba.com/keyboard/online-assamese-keyboard.php<br />
<br />
* https://www.branah.com/assamese<br />
<br />
* http://www.lipikaar.com/online-editor/assamese-typing<br />
<br />
* https://www.101languages.net/assamese/keyboard/<br />
<br />
* https://sltdassam.com/rodalionline.html<br />
<br />
* https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/assamese-keyboard/holbbklonohcgehjencimoakedfmoonh?hl=en<br />
<br />
* https://assamese.indiatyping.com/<br />
<br />
* http://online-keyboard.org/Assamese-Inscript-keyboard/IN-Assamese-Inscript/Default/en<br />
<br />
==Memrise Courses==<br />
* https://app.memrise.com/course/1316414/assamese/<br />
<br />
* https://app.memrise.com/course/2070154/learn-basic-assamese/<br />
<br />
* https://app.memrise.com/course/1543277/learn-assamese-alphabet/<br />
<br />
* https://app.memrise.com/course/2067472/learn-assamese-with-audio-beta/<br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
* https://polyglotclub.com/language/assamese/question/38682<br />
<br />
{{#seo:<br />
|title=Assamese Resources (2023)<br />
|description=List of the Best resources to learn the Assamese Language<br />
|og:image=https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/images/thumb/2/26/Assamese-Language-PolyglotClub.png/800px-Assamese-Language-PolyglotClub.png<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Other Lessons==<br />
* [[Language/Assamese/Vocabulary/Numbers|Numbers]]<br />
* [[Language/Assamese/Vocabulary/Education|Education]]<br />
* [[Language/Assamese/Vocabulary/Languages|Languages]]<br />
* [[Language/Assamese/Vocabulary/Family|Family]]<br />
* [[Language/Assamese/Vocabulary/Clothes|Clothes]]<br />
* [[Language/Assamese/Vocabulary/Drinks|Drinks]]<br />
* [[Language/Assamese/Vocabulary/Assamese-basic-phrases|Assamese basic phrases]]<br />
* [[Language/Assamese/Vocabulary/Fruits|Fruits]]<br />
* [[Language/Assamese/Vocabulary/Count-to-10|Count to 10]]<br />
* [[Language/Assamese/Vocabulary/Animals|Animals]]<br />
<span links></span></div>Vincenthttps://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Help/Event/Paris/CGV&diff=291435Help/Event/Paris/CGV2024-02-24T09:59:58Z<p>Vincent: </p>
<hr />
<div>==En Français==<br />
<br />
<div class="pg_page_title">Conditions Générales de Vente</div><br />
<br />
===Préambule===<br />
<br />
Les offres de séjours concernées par les présentes conditions de vente sont proposées par l’agence de voyage : Discover and Connect SA N° d’immatriculation : C.I.F. RO36440797 R.C. J40/11079/2016<br />
<br />
<br />
Nous vous invitons à lire attentivement les conditions générales de vente ainsi que les conditions particulières de vente.<br />
<br />
<br />
===Conditions Générales de vente===<br />
<br />
L’inscription à un voyage avec la société Discover and Connect SA implique l’adhésion à l’ensemble des dispositions légales précisées par la directive (UE) 2015/2302 du Parlement européen et du Conseil du 25 novembre 2015 relative aux voyages à forfait et aux prestations de voyage liées.<br />
<br />
<br />
===Conditions particulières===<br />
<br />
I. ABSENCE DE DROIT DE RETRACTATION<br />
<br />
Conformément aux articles L.121-18-4° et L.121-21-8 du code de la consommation, vous ne disposez pas d’un droit de rétractation après avoir accepté le présent contrat.<br />
<br />
Par conséquent, aucune demande de remboursement, avoir, échange ou report ne sera acceptée. Néanmoins la cession de billet comme indiqué dans l'article XI. b) est possible.<br />
<br />
<br />
II. MODALITES DE RESERVATION<br />
<br />
a) Par Internet :<br />
<br />
Etape 1- Offre de voyage – information préalable<br />
<br />
Le client effectue son choix de voyage proposé sur le site internet ou autre canal de communication (Facebook, Meetup, …).<br />
<br />
Les descriptifs des séjours sont établis avec soin, mais nous ne saurions être tenus responsables de certaines modifications intervenues depuis la mise en ligne du voyage sur notre site. Les prix, horaires et itinéraires mentionnés ne sont pas contractuels et peuvent être modifiés.<br />
<br />
Etape 2- Réservation<br />
<br />
En cas de disponibilité selon le choix de voyage du client, le client effectue sa réservation sur une billetterie externe (service tiers : billetweb.fr) où il pourra sélectionner le nombre de places souhaitées et le tarif en cours.<br />
<br />
Etape 3- Page de coordonnées<br />
<br />
Le client renseigne ses coordonnées, nom, prénom et civilité. Pour continuer sa réservation, le client doit accepter les conditions générales de vente et les conditions particulières de ventes.<br />
<br />
L’acceptation de l’ensemble des conditions de ventes est obligatoire pour toute réservation. Le fait de cocher la case correspondante vaut acceptation.<br />
<br />
Etape 4 - Page de paiement et de validation de la réservation<br />
<br />
Conformément à l’article 1369-4 du code civil, la page de paiement permet de relire l’intégralité de la réservation, ainsi que les informations saisies ou sélectionnées par le client. Le client peut revenir aux formulaires précédents pour corriger ses sélections ou sa saisie.<br />
<br />
Le client sélectionne ses modalités de paiement parmi celles proposées. Pour confirmer sa réservation, le client valide son paiement.<br />
<br />
Le renseignement des informations de paiement, la validation des informations et l’affichage de la confirmation concluent le contrat de vente et la réservation.<br />
<br />
Le client reconnaît avoir la capacité de contracter aux conditions décrites, c'est à dire avoir la majorité légale, être capable juridiquement de contracter et ne pas être sous tutelle ou curatelle. Le client garantit la véracité et l'exactitude des informations fournies par ses soins ou toute autre personne ayant effectué la commande en son nom et pour son compte.<br />
<br />
Avertissement : Rappel des termes de l'article 313-1 du Nouveau Code Pénal français :<br />
<br />
" L'escroquerie est le fait, soit par l'usage d'un faux nom ou d'une fausse qualité, soit par l'abus d'une qualité vraie, soit par l'emploi de manœuvres frauduleuses de tromper une personne physique ou morale et de la déterminer ainsi, à son préjudice ou au préjudice d'un tiers, à remettre des fonds, des valeurs ou un bien quelconque, à fournir un service ou à consentir un acte opérant obligation ou décharge. L'escroquerie est punie de cinq ans d'emprisonnement et de 375000€ d'amende ".<br />
<br />
Etape 5 - Page de confirmation<br />
<br />
La réservation est considérée comme confirmée si le paiement est accepté et si l’organisateur est en mesure de confirmer celle-ci. Un courrier électronique de confirmation est envoyé au client indiquant le récapitulatif de la réservation. La confirmation de commande fait office de bulletin d’inscription, elle est adressée au client à l’adresse email renseigné durant la réservation. Le client accepte l’usage du courrier électronique en vue de la conclusion du contrat ou pour la transmission d’information relative à l’exécution de son contrat, conformément à l’article 1369-2 du code civil.<br />
<br />
b) • Par chèque ou en espèce sur rendez-vous. (Modalités de paiement indisponibles jusqu’à la réouverture physique de notre bureau. Nos équipes oeuvrant à distance comme recommandé par l’Etat en ces temps de covid-19. Merci pour votre compréhension)<br />
<br />
<br />
III. PAIEMENT EN PLUSIEURS FOIS<br />
<br />
Dans le cas exceptionnel où certains voyages ouvrent droit à une réservation en plusieurs fois, le versement d’acompte garantit votre réservation jusqu’au paiement intégral et vous engage à verser le solde selon les conditions particulières indiquées selon le voyage (généralement 4 à 6 semaines avant le départ). Que le paiement intégral ait été réalisé en une fois ou en plusieurs fois, vous engage de la même façon : vous ne disposez pas d’un droit de rétractation. Conformément à l’article L.121-18-4° du code de la consommation, vous ne disposez pas d’un droit de rétractation après avoir accepté le présent contrat. Dans la mesure où le paiement d’acompte vous engage à verser le solde, l’acompte est non-remboursable. En cas de non-paiement du solde dans les délais convenus, vous ne pourrez plus participer au voyage et votre acompte ne vous sera pas restitué.<br />
<br />
<br />
IV. FORMALITÉS<br />
<br />
Pour tous les voyages, les participants devront être en possession des documents obligatoires et nécessaire à l’entrée dans le pays de destination ou au passage dans le ou les pays d’escale éventuelle : passeport ou carte nationale d’identité en cours de validité, autorisation parentale, livrets de famille, visa...<br />
<br />
Nous invitons les personnes de nationalité française à consulter le site <nowiki>http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr</nowiki> afin de vérifier les formalités nécessaires. Nous invitons les ressortissants étrangers à consulter les autorités compétentes (consulat, ambassade…), pour connaître les modalités de séjours sur les destinations et escales éventuelles et de vérifier la validité des documents et des vaccins<br />
<br />
L’accomplissement des formalités incombe au client qui devra s’assurer avant son départ des modifications éventuelles intervenues. Le voyage ne peut en aucun cas être remboursé lorsque le participant, par suite de non présentation des documents en cours de validité (passeport, visa, ...) se trouve dans l’impossibilité de prendre le départ à la date indiquée ou d’entrer sur le territoire de destination ou d’escale. Les frais resteront à la charge du client.<br />
<br />
<br />
V. APTITUDE AU VOYAGE<br />
<br />
Nous nous réservons la possibilité de déconseiller l’inscription de tout voyageur dont l’état physique ou psychique ne nous semblerait pas compatible avec le type de voyage choisi. Chaque voyageur reste responsable individuellement de ses actes, et est tenu de vérifier sa condition physique avant le départ et de se munir de ses traitements habituels. Les clients participants à l’un de nos voyages s’engagent à respecter les horaires et les programmes. Dans le cas contraire, ils assumeront personnellement les frais supplémentaires.<br />
<br />
VI. PRIX<br />
<br />
Le prix et la disponibilité ne sont garantis qu’au moment de la réservation et sur le tarif en vigueur au moment de la réservation. Le descriptif du voyage ou du séjour indique les prestations de base comprises dans les prix forfaitaires proposés. Tous nos prix sont indiqués en euros et TVA comprise.<br />
<br />
Les prix ont été établis en fonction des conditions économiques en vigueur lors de l’établissement des tarifs. En cas de modification de ces conditions et notamment de celles relatives au prix du carburant, aux tarifs aériens, aux taux de change et aux taxes légales ou réglementaires, l’organisateur se réserve le droit de modifier les prix de vente.<br />
<br />
Sauf mention contraire dans la description de l’offre, les prix ne comprennent pas :<br />
<br />
- Les éventuelles taxes de sorties de territoire (à régler sur place en espèce), les taxes de séjour pour la France.<br />
<br />
- Les frais de visas et ceux liés aux formalités administratives et sanitaires nécessaires au voyage (vaccinations, traitements médicaux, etc..), et toutes les dépenses à caractère personnel (blanchissage, téléphone, pourboires,…)<br />
<br />
- Les visites et excursions facultatives, les entrées dans les musées et sites, les activités payantes.Conformément à l’article 19 de la loi du 13 juillet 1992, nous nous réservons le droit, à plus de 30 jours du départ, de modifier nos prix tant à la hausse qu’à la baisse en cas de variations significatives entre le jour de l’inscription et celui du départ du coût des transports.<br />
<br />
VII. PROMOTIONS ET OFFRES SPECIALES<br />
<br />
Les promotions, offres spéciales et dernières minutes sont non rétroactives, non cumulables et soumises à conditions. Les tarifs affichés tiennent déjà compte des remises. Les offres sont valables dans la limite des disponibilités et dans une période donnée.<br />
<br />
<br />
VIII. CONDITIONS DE PAIEMENT<br />
<br />
Le paiement en vente à distance s’effectue exclusivement par carte bancaire dont la liste est présentée sur le formulaire de paiement de la billetterie.<br />
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Le service de paiement en ligne est réservé exclusivement aux titulaires d’une carte bancaire en cours de validité.<br />
<br />
Attention : l’organisateur participant de façon active à la lutte contre la fraude à la carte bancaire peut être amenée à demander par quelque moyen que ce soit au client la photocopie de la carte bancaire servant au paiement de la commande ainsi que celle du passeport et/ou de la carte d'identité du porteur de la carte bancaire, et celle du passager.<br />
<br />
Sur le fondement de l’article L.132.2 du Code français Monétaire et Financier, l’engagement de payer donné au moyen d’une carte de paiement est irrévocable. Il ne peut être fait opposition au paiement qu’en cas de perte, de vol ou d’utilisation frauduleuse de la carte. En dehors de ces cas limitativement admis par le législateur, le porteur de la carte se rend coupable de fraude à la carte bancaire. Le droit d’opposition au paiement ne saurait être utilisé pour pallier l’absence de droit de rétractation applicable dans le secteur du tourisme.<br />
<br />
Dans le cas où un client débiteur serait défaillant et les services non réglés dans le délai prévu et en tout cas avant le départ, la fourniture des services et documents de voyages serait suspendue de plein droit et les frais occasionnés à la charge du client débiteur. La confirmation d’une réservation engage l’organisateur sous réserve seulement du paiement des services prévus et ceci dans les délais initialement fixés. Tout retard ou report d’échéance donne droit à une indemnité de retard à l’organisateur telle que prévue dans les conditions générales de vente, celle-ci ne pouvant être inférieure à 2% de la somme due par mois de retard.<br />
<br />
<br />
IX. DURÉE DES VOYAGES<br />
<br />
Sont inclus dans la durée des voyages :<br />
<br />
- le jour du départ à partir de l’enregistrement<br />
<br />
- le jour du retour jusqu’à l’heure d’arrivée<br />
<br />
Les prix sont calculés en fonction d’un nombre de nuitées, et non de journées entières.<br />
<br />
Si, en raison des horaires imposés par les compagnies aériennes ou tout autre transporteur, la première et/ou la dernière nuit se trouvaient écourtées par une arrivée tardive ou un départ matinal, aucun remboursement ne pourrait avoir lieu.<br />
<br />
En cas de panne, d’accident, d’embouteillage, de retard dus aux difficultés de circulation, nos conducteurs, accompagnateurs, ou représentants locaux feront le maximum pour éviter les perturbations dans le déroulement du programme. S’ils étaient amenés à modifier celui-ci, les clients ne pourront prétendre comme seule indemnité, qu’au remboursement des services payants prévus initialement et dont ils auraient été privés.<br />
<br />
<br />
X. MODIFICATION DES PROGRAMMES<br />
<br />
A tout moment, avant ou pendant la réalisation du voyage, lorsque surviennent certains événements imprévisibles tels que grève, retards, modification des conditions climatiques ou politiques, l’organisateur peut juger nécessaire de modifier certains éléments du programme dans l’intérêt du voyageur, notamment : l’itinéraire, le mode de transport, l’hébergement, la durée du voyage. Lorsqu’après le départ, un des éléments essentiels du contrat ne peut être exécuté, le vendeur doit, sauf impossibilité dûment justifiée, proposer à l’acheteur des prestations en remplacement de celles qui ne sont pas fournies et prendre à sa charge les suppléments de prix qui en résultent, ou rembourser la différence de prix entre les prestations prévues et fournies.<br />
<br />
<br />
XI. MODIFICATIONS / ANNULATIONS<br />
<br />
a) Par l’organisateur<br />
<br />
- Le client ne pourra prétendre à aucune indemnité, si en cours de voyage le programme est modifié dû à des circonstances de force majeure pour des raisons tenant à la sécurité des voyageurs et/ou à l’impossibilité d’accéder à une destination. Les prix sont calculés de façon forfaitaire et basés sur un certain nombre de services (location autocar, kilométrage, péages, rémunération chauffeur, hébergement, logistique avant voyage, budget de communication, …). L’agence se réserve la possibilité de modifier les lieux et les événements proposés en cas d’indisponibilité de dernière minute des prestataires ou de cas de force majeure.<br />
<br />
- Le client sera remboursé mais ne pourra prétendre à aucune indemnité, si avant le voyage celui-ci était annulé en raison d’un nombre insuffisant de participants inscrits. Les voyages sont maintenus pour un minimum de 15 personnes inscrites 7 jours avant le départ. Au mieux l'annulation ou report d'un voyage sera notifiée aux participants le lundi précédent le week-end du départ ; ou bien au plus tard 48h avant le départ. L'objectif étant de garantir le départ de chaque voyage proposé, un voyage est maintenu aussi longtemps que possible. (En cas d'annulation, les participants pourront choisir entre obtenir un remboursement ou bien reporter leur participation.)<br />
<br />
- Le client sera remboursé mais ne pourra prétendre à aucune indemnité, si avant le voyage celui-ci était annulé en raison de restrictions gouvernementales (mise en quarantaine obligatoire, interdictions d’entrée de territoire…) empêchant le bon déroulement du voyage. Le montant remboursée sera celui du prix annoncé dans le descriptif. Les frais de transaction online ou frais de dossier ne seront pas remboursées. <br />
<br />
b) Par le client<br />
<br />
L’annulation du voyage par le client est sans frais, mais impliquera la retenue de 100% du montant du voyage.<br />
<br />
Conformément à l’art.I de nos CGV, les excursions, week-ends et séjours organisés sont non-remboursables.<br />
<br />
Si le client prend la décision d’interrompre, d’abréger ou de ne pas consommer toutes prestations incluses dans son programme pour quelque cause que ce soit il ne pourra prétendre alors à aucun remboursement.<br />
<br />
Le défaut d’enregistrement des clients au lieu de départ qu’elle qu’en soit la cause sauf en cas de force majeure sera retenu comme annulation et impliquera la retenue de 100% du montant du voyage.<br />
<br />
Conformément à l’article 18 de la loi du 13 juillet, le client pourra céder son contrat à un tiers, à condition d’en informer l’agence via billetweb.fr, par écrit en informant les nom, prénom, adresse email et numéro de portable de la personne cessionnaire.<br />
<br />
Afin que la modification soit effective, la demande de modification/cession doit parvenir avant le départ, durant les jours et heures d’ouverture, au plus tard un jour avant le départ (si départ un jeudi, vendredi ou samedi) ou 2 jours avant le départ (si départ un dimanche), avant 17h.<br />
<br />
Les frais de modification/cession de contrat du fait du client s’élèvent à 10 euros par personne.<br />
<br />
Pour toutes prestations incluant un transport en avion, il sera ajouté aux frais le prix de la modification du billet d’avion imposé par la compagnie aérienne.<br />
<br />
<br />
XII. HEBERGEMENT<br />
<br />
Les prix sont calculés en nombre de nuitées. D’après les règles de l’hôtellerie internationale une nuitée s’étend de 14h00 jusqu’à 10h00 le jour suivant. Sauf mention contraire, en cas de prise de possession avant 14h ou de libération après 10h00 (dû aux horaires des bus par exemple), il se peut que l’hôtelier facture une nuitée au client quel que soit le temps passé dans la chambre.<br />
<br />
Le jour du départ et le jour du retour du voyage sont inclus dans la durée du voyage. Le premier et le dernier jour étant généralement consacrés au transport, il est expressément convenu que si, en raison des horaires imposés par les transporteurs, la première et/ou la dernière nuit se trouvaient écourtée(s) par une arrivée tardive ou un départ matinal, aucun remboursement ne pourrait avoir lieu.<br />
<br />
Le nombre d’étoiles attribuées aux établissements hôteliers correspond à une classification établie en fonction des normes locales du pays d’accueil. Ces dernières peuvent différer des normes françaises et européennes.<br />
<br />
XIII. DÉFAUT D’ENREGISTREMENT<br />
<br />
L’organisateur ne peut être tenu pour responsable du défaut d’enregistrement des clients au lieu de départ du voyage et ce, pour quelque cause que ce soit, par exemple occasionné par un retard de préacheminement aérien, ferroviaire ou terrestre, même si ce retard résulte d’un cas de force majeure, d’un cas fortuit ou du fait d’un tiers.<br />
<br />
L’organisateur ne peut être tenu responsable du défaut d’enregistrement :<br />
<br />
- Lorsque le voyageur présente des documents d’identification et/ou sanitaires périmés (carte d’identité, passeport, visa, autorisation de sortie de territoire pour les mineurs, certificat de vaccination…)<br />
<br />
- Lorsque le voyageur ne présente pas les documents d’identification et/ou sanitaires nécessaires à la réalisation de son voyage.<br />
<br />
En cas de défaut d’enregistrement du client au lieu de départ du voyage à forfait, il sera retenu 100% du montant du voyage.<br />
<br />
<br />
XIV. MESURES SANITAIRES suite au COVID-19<br />
<br />
Pour participer à nos excursions et week-ends, le PORT du MASQUE est OBLIGATOIRE (non-fourni par l’organisateur). Toute personne non-munie d'un masque se verra refuser la montée dans l'autocar (aucun report de participation, avoir ou remboursement ne sera accordé). Toute personne qui consciemment ou par négligence exposerait les autres participants à un risque de contamination durant les trajets ou les visites sera immédiatement exclue du voyage. Le fautif devra rentrer à Paris par ses propres moyens, à ses propres frais.<br />
<br />
Les transporteurs garantissent un NETTOYAGE RENFORCÉ de l'autocar AVANT et APRES chaque voyage. Dans une optique de limitation de propagation du covid-19 en général et pour faciliter le nettoyage renforcé régulier de l'autocar effectué avant et après votre voyage, pour votre sécurité sanitaire mais aussi celle des futurs participants, il est INTERDIT de laisser des DETRITUS dans l'autocar. Avant chaque descente, des vérifications seront opérées et des sanctions pécunières seront immédiatement appliquées aux fautifs irrespecteux (allant de 100€ à 150€ selon les compagnies d'autocar).<br />
<br />
Il est recommandé à chaque participant d'emmener du GEL HYDROALCOOLIQUE pour une désinfection régulière de vos mains. (Une quantité d'urgence sera mis à disposition, à nos frais, à chaque voyage.)<br />
<br />
Une DISTANCIATION SOCIALE sera mise en œuvre pour les titulaires de :<br />
<br />
- Billets SOLO : les personnes voyageant seules auront un siège libre à leur droite ou leur gauche.<br />
<br />
- Billets DUO : les personnes voyageant à 2 (couples, famille, amis proches...) seront placés côte à côte, et la rangée devant et derrière elles seront occupées par des voyageurs seuls.<br />
<br />
Nous comptons sur votre compréhension et coopération immédiate et rapide, afin que l'ensemble des participants puisse s'installer rapidement et permettre les départs d'autocar aux horaires prévus. Toute gêne occasionnant des retards de départ d'autocar impliquera une diminution de temps de visite (ou s'il s'agit du dernier trajet du jour : un retard d'arrivée à Paris).<br />
<br />
XV. ASSURANCES<br />
<br />
Les tarifs figurant dans les offres de séjours n’incluent aucune assurance<br />
<br />
Pour le moment nous ne proposons pas la gestion de mise en relation etc pour souscrire à une assurance voyage, mais vous êtes libre d’en choisir une par vous-même et d’y souscrire.<br />
<br />
L'achat des assurances voyage n'est pas obligatoire mais recommandé pour éviter tout désagrément/problème que vous pourriez rencontrer avant votre départ en voyage ou durant votre séjour.<br />
<br />
<br />
XVI. RÉCLAMATIONS<br />
<br />
Toute réclamation en cas de difficultés rencontrées lors d’un voyage (relative à une carence, suppléments demandés par un prestataire sur place, retards, etc.) sera jugée recevable uniquement sur présentation de justificatifs écrits fourni par l’un des représentants désignés de l’organisateur, soit : l’accompagnateur, le conducteur de l’autocar, l’hôtelier ou le correspondant local de l’organisateur. Une réclamation n’est recevable que si elle est adressée par courrier recommandé avec accusé de réception au plus tard dans les 15 jours suivant la date de fin des prestations. Le constat de carence devra être joint à cette lettre.<br />
<br />
Les réclamations sont à adresser par courrier recommandé avec accusé de réception à Discover and Connect SA, Str 30 Decembrie, No.10, Tirgu Jiu, Romania<br />
<br />
<br />
XVII. RESPONSABILITE DE L'ORGANISATEUR<br />
<br />
La responsabilité de Discover and Connect SA est définie par l’article 23 de la loi n°93-65 du 13 juillet 1992. Discover and Connect SA choisit avec soin les prestataires intervenants dans le cadre de ses forfaits. En cas d’inexécution ou de mauvaise exécution de tout élément entrant dans le forfait, la responsabilité de Discover and Connect SA ne saurait être engagée si cette inexécution ou mauvaise exécution est imputable à vous-même, à un cas de force majeure ou fait imprévisible et insurmontable, ou à un tiers étranger à la prestation des fournitures prévues au contrat.<br />
<br />
<br />
XVIII. RESPONSABILITÉ DES TRANSPORTEURS<br />
<br />
Les horaires et indications s’y rapportant mentionnés dans les offres de séjours sont donnés à titre purement indicatifs. Les responsabilités des compagnies de transports qui participent aux voyages organisés par l’agence sont limitées en cas de dommages, plaintes ou réclamations de toute nature, aux conditions des transports des passagers et de leurs bagages exclusivement. L’agence ne saurait voir sa responsabilité se substituer à celle des transporteurs français ou étrangers assurant les transferts ou transports de passagers et bagages.<br />
<br />
Par ailleurs, nous attirons votre attention sur les circonstances suivantes, qui sont de nature à limiter la responsabilité de l’agence dans la réalisation de votre voyage : les contraintes spécifiques du transport, liées à l’encombrement des voies terrestres et espace aérien, aux règles d’amplitude de conduite et de navigation aérienne, au délai de traitement des appareils sur les aéroports..., subordonné au souci essentiel de la sécurité des passagers transportés, peuvent entraîner les compagnies à modifier les horaires prévisionnels.. De ce fait, toute irrégularité de trafic ne saurait engager la responsabilité de l’agence.<br />
<br />
<br />
XIX. PROPRIETE INTELLECTUELLE<br />
<br />
Tous les documents, informations, textes, photographies, images, icônes, sons, vidéos, logiciel, base de données, données graphiques, ou tout autre contenu diffusé sur le site, sont protégés au titre du droit d’auteur et de la propriété intellectuelle pour le monde entier. Conformément au Code de la propriété Intellectuelle français, seule l’utilisation pour un usage privatif est autorisée, sous réserve de dispositions légales ou réglementaires applicables plus restrictives. Toute autre utilisation est susceptible d’être qualifiée de contrefaçon et sanctionnée par les tribunaux français compétents.<br />
<br />
<br />
XX. DROIT APPLICABLE<br />
<br />
Discover and Connect SA est une société de droit français. Les conditions de vente sont soumises au droit français. La loi applicable à nos relations est la loi française. En cas de litige entre les parties signataires du présent contrat relatif à son interprétation ou à son exécution, il est expressément convenu que seuls les Tribunaux de Paris seront compétents.<br />
<br />
<br />
==In English==<br />
<br />
<div class="pg_page_title">General Terms and Conditions of Sale</div><br />
<br />
===Preamble===<br />
<br />
The stay offers covered by these terms and conditions are proposed by the travel agency: Discover and Connect SA Registration Number: C.I.F. RO36440797 R.C. J40/11079/2016<br />
<br />
We invite you to carefully read the general terms and conditions of sale as well as the specific terms and conditions of sale.<br />
<br />
===General Terms and Conditions of Sale===<br />
<br />
Registering for a trip with Discover and Connect SA implies adherence to all legal provisions specified by Directive (EU) 2015/2302 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 November 2015 on package travel and linked travel arrangements.<br />
<br />
===Specific Conditions===<br />
<br />
I. NO RIGHT OF WITHDRAWAL<br />
<br />
In accordance with Articles L.121-18-4° and L.121-21-8 of the Consumer Code, you do not have a right of withdrawal after having accepted this contract.<br />
<br />
Therefore, no requests for refunds, credits, exchanges, or postponements will be accepted. However, the transfer of tickets as indicated in Article XI. b) is possible.<br />
<br />
II. RESERVATION PROCEDURES<br />
<br />
a) Online:<br />
<br />
Step 1 - Travel Offer – Preliminary Information<br />
<br />
The customer makes their travel choice from the website or other communication channels (Facebook, Meetup, etc.).<br />
<br />
The descriptions of the stays are carefully established, but we cannot be held responsible for any changes that have occurred since the trip was posted on our site. Prices, schedules, and itineraries mentioned are not contractual and may be modified.<br />
<br />
Step 2 - Reservation<br />
<br />
If available according to the client's travel choice, the client makes their reservation on an external ticketing service (third-party service: billetweb.fr) where they can select the desired number of places and the current rate.<br />
<br />
Step 3 - Contact Information Page<br />
<br />
The client provides their contact details, name, first name, and title. To continue their reservation, the client must accept the general and specific terms and conditions of sale.<br />
<br />
Accepting all terms and conditions of sale is mandatory for any reservation. Checking the corresponding box constitutes acceptance.<br />
<br />
Step 4 - Payment and Reservation Validation Page<br />
<br />
In accordance with Article 1369-4 of the Civil Code, the payment page allows reviewing the entire reservation and the information entered or selected by the client. The client can return to the previous forms to correct their selections or entry.<br />
<br />
The client selects their payment method from those offered. To confirm their reservation, the client validates their payment.<br />
<br />
Entering payment information, validating the information, and displaying the confirmation conclude the sales contract and the reservation.<br />
<br />
The client acknowledges having the capacity to contract under the conditions described, that is to say, being of legal age, legally capable of contracting, and not being under guardianship or curatorship. The client guarantees the truthfulness and accuracy of the information provided by themselves or by any other person making the order on their behalf and for their account.<br />
<br />
Warning: Reminder of the terms of Article 313-1 of the French New Penal Code:<br />
<br />
"Fraud is the act of deceiving a physical or moral person by using a false name or a false quality, or by abusing a true quality, or by employing fraudulent maneuvers, thereby inducing them, to their detriment or to the detriment of a third party, to hand over funds, securities, or any property, to provide a service or to consent to an act entailing an obligation or discharge. Fraud is punishable by five years' imprisonment and a €375,000 fine."<br />
<br />
Step 5 - Confirmation Page<br />
<br />
The reservation is considered confirmed if the payment is accepted and if the organizer can confirm it. A confirmation email is sent to the client summarizing the reservation. The order confirmation acts as a registration form, it is sent to the client at the email address provided during the reservation. The client accepts the use of email for the conclusion of the contract or for the transmission of information related to the execution of their contract, in accordance with Article 1369-2 of the Civil Code.<br />
<br />
b) • By check or in cash by appointment. (Payment methods unavailable until the physical reopening of our office. Our teams are working remotely as recommended by the State during these times of covid-19. Thank you for your understanding.)<br />
<br />
III. PAYMENT IN INSTALLMENTS<br />
<br />
In the exceptional case where some trips allow for reservation in installments, the payment of a deposit guarantees your reservation until full payment and commits you to pay the balance according to the specific conditions indicated for the trip (generally 4 to 6 weeks before departure). Whether the full payment has been made at once or in installments, you are bound in the same way: you do not have a right of withdrawal. In accordance with Article L.121-18-4° of the Consumer Code, you do not have a right of withdrawal after having accepted this contract. Since the payment of a deposit commits you to pay the balance, the deposit is non-refundable. In case of non-payment of the balance within the agreed deadlines, you will no longer be able to participate in the trip, and your deposit will not be refunded.<br />
<br />
IV. FORMALITIES<br />
<br />
For all trips, participants must be in possession of the mandatory documents necessary for entry into the destination country or for transit through any potential transit countries: valid passport or national identity card, parental authorization, family record books, visa...<br />
<br />
We invite French nationals to consult the website <nowiki>http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr</nowiki> to check the necessary formalities. We invite foreign nationals to consult the competent authorities (consulate, embassy...) to know the stay modalities for the destinations and potential transits and to verify the validity of the documents and vaccines.<br />
<br />
The accomplishment of formalities is the responsibility of the client who must ensure before their departure of any possible changes. The trip cannot be refunded when the participant, due to the non-presentation of valid documents (passport, visa, ...) finds themselves unable to depart on the indicated date or to enter the territory of destination or transit. The costs will remain at the client's expense.<br />
<br />
V. FITNESS FOR TRAVEL<br />
<br />
We reserve the right to advise against the registration of any traveler whose physical or psychological state does not seem compatible with the type of trip chosen. Each traveler is individually responsible for their actions and is required to check their physical condition before departure and to bring their usual treatments. Clients participating in one of our trips commit to respecting the schedules and programs. Otherwise, they will personally assume the additional costs.<br />
<br />
VI. PRICE<br />
<br />
The price and availability are guaranteed only at the time of reservation and at the rate in effect at the time of the reservation. The description of the trip or stay indicates the basic services included in the proposed package prices. All our prices are indicated in euros and include VAT.<br />
<br />
Prices have been established based on the economic conditions in force at the time of setting the rates. In case of a change in these conditions, especially those related to the price of fuel, airfare rates, exchange rates, and legal or regulatory taxes, the organizer reserves the right to modify the sales prices.<br />
<br />
Unless otherwise mentioned in the offer description, prices do not include:<br />
<br />
- Any possible departure taxes (to be paid on-site in cash), stay taxes for France.<br />
<br />
- Visa fees and those related to administrative and health formalities necessary for the trip (vaccinations, medical treatments, etc.), and all personal expenses (laundry, telephone, tips,…)<br />
<br />
- Optional tours and excursions, museum and site entries, paid activities. In accordance with Article 19 of the law of 13 July 1992, we reserve the right, more than 30 days before departure, to modify our prices both upwards and downwards in case of significant variations between the day of registration and the day of departure in the cost of transportation.<br />
<br />
VII. PROMOTIONS AND SPECIAL OFFERS<br />
<br />
Promotions, special offers, and last-minute deals are non-retroactive, non-cumulative, and subject to conditions. The displayed rates already take into account discounts. Offers are valid subject to availability and within a given period.<br />
<br />
VIII. PAYMENT CONDITIONS<br />
<br />
Distance selling payment is made exclusively by credit card, the list of which is presented on the payment form of the ticketing service.<br />
<br />
The online payment service is reserved exclusively for holders of a valid credit card.<br />
<br />
Attention: the organizer, actively participating in the fight against credit card fraud, may ask the client by any means for a photocopy of the credit card used for the payment of the order as well as that of the passport and/or identity card of the cardholder, and that of the passenger.<br />
<br />
Based on Article L.132.2 of the French Monetary and Financial Code, the commitment to pay made using a payment card is irrevocable. Opposition to payment can only be made in the event of loss, theft, or fraudulent use of the card. Outside of these cases strictly admitted by the legislator, the cardholder is guilty of credit card fraud. The right to oppose payment cannot be used to compensate for the lack of a right of withdrawal applicable in the tourism sector.<br />
<br />
In the case where a defaulting client's services are not paid within the set deadline and in any case before departure, the provision of services and travel documents would be suspended as of right, and the costs incurred would be charged to the defaulting client. The confirmation of a reservation commits the organizer only under the condition of payment of the services provided and this within the initially set deadlines. Any delay or postponement of the deadline gives the organizer the right to a late payment penalty as provided in the general terms and conditions of sale, which cannot be less than 2% of the sum due per month of delay.<br />
<br />
IX. DURATION OF TRIPS<br />
<br />
Included in the duration of trips:<br />
<br />
- the day of departure from the time of check-in<br />
<br />
- the day of return until the time of arrival<br />
<br />
Prices are calculated based on the number of overnight stays, not full days.<br />
<br />
If, due to the schedules imposed by airlines or any other carrier, the first and/or last night were shortened by a late arrival or an early departure, no refund could take place.<br />
<br />
In case of breakdown, accident, traffic jam, or delay due to traffic difficulties, our drivers, guides, or local representatives will do their utmost to avoid disruptions in the program's progress. If they were led to modify it, clients could only claim as sole compensation, the refund of the initially planned and paid services from which they were deprived.<br />
<br />
X. PROGRAM MODIFICATIONS<br />
<br />
At any time, before or during the realization of the trip, when certain unforeseeable events such as strikes, delays, changes in weather or political conditions occur, the organizer may deem it necessary to modify certain elements of the program in the traveler's interest, including: the itinerary, mode of transport, accommodation, duration of the trip. When, after departure, one of the essential elements of the contract cannot be executed, the seller must, unless duly justified impossibility, offer the buyer services in replacement of those not provided and bear any resulting price supplements, or reimburse the difference in price between the services planned and provided.<br />
<br />
XI. MODIFICATIONS / CANCELLATIONS<br />
<br />
a) By the organizer<br />
<br />
- The client cannot claim any compensation if, during the trip, the program is modified due to force majeure reasons related to the safety of travelers and/or the impossibility of accessing a destination. The prices are calculated on a flat-rate basis and based on a certain number of services (coach rental, mileage, tolls, driver's pay, accommodation, pre-trip logistics, communication budget, ...). The agency reserves the right to modify the places and events offered in case of last-minute unavailability of providers or force majeure.<br />
<br />
- The client will be refunded but cannot claim any compensation if, before the trip, it was canceled due to an insufficient number of registered participants. Trips are maintained for a minimum of 15 people registered 7 days before departure. At best, the cancellation or postponement of a trip will be notified to participants the Monday preceding the weekend of departure; or at the latest 48 hours before departure. The goal being to guarantee the departure of each trip offered, a trip is maintained as long as possible. (In case of cancellation, participants can choose between obtaining a refund or postponing their participation.)<br />
<br />
- The client will be refunded but cannot claim any compensation if, before the trip, it was canceled due to government restrictions (mandatory quarantine, entry bans...) preventing the proper conduct of the trip. The amount refunded will be that of the price announced in the description. Online transaction fees or handling fees will not be refunded.<br />
<br />
b) By the client<br />
<br />
The cancellation of the trip by the client is without charge, but will involve the retention of 100% of the amount of the trip.<br />
<br />
In accordance with Art.I of our GTC, organized excursions, weekends, and stays are non-refundable.<br />
<br />
If the client decides to interrupt, shorten, or not consume all the services included in their program for whatever reason, they cannot then claim any refund.<br />
<br />
Failure to register clients at the departure location for whatever reason except in case of force majeure will be considered as cancellation and will involve the retention of 100% of the amount of the trip.<br />
<br />
In accordance with Article 18 of the law of 13 July, the client may transfer their contract to a third party, provided they inform the agency via billetweb.fr, in writing by informing the name, first name, email address, and mobile phone number of the transferee.<br />
<br />
For the modification to be effective, the request for modification/transfer must be received before departure, during opening days and hours, at the latest one day before departure (if departure on a Thursday, Friday, or Saturday) or 2 days before departure (if departure on a Sunday), before 5 pm.<br />
<br />
The fees for contract modification/transfer by the client amount to 10 euros per person.<br />
<br />
For all services including air transport, the price of the flight ticket modification imposed by the airline will be added to the fees.<br />
<br />
XII. ACCOMMODATION<br />
<br />
Prices are calculated based on the number of overnight stays. According to international hotel rules, an overnight stay extends from 2 pm until 10 am the following day. Unless otherwise mentioned, in case of possession before 2 pm or release after 10 am (due to bus schedules, for example), the hotelier may charge a night to the client regardless of the time spent in the room.<br />
<br />
The day of departure and the day of return of the trip are included in the duration of the trip. The first and last day being generally dedicated to transport, it is expressly agreed that if, due to the schedules imposed by the carriers, the first and/or last night were shortened by a late arrival or an early departure, no refund could take place.<br />
<br />
The number of stars attributed to hotel establishments corresponds to a classification established based on the local standards of the host country. These may differ from French and European standards.<br />
<br />
XIII. FAILURE TO CHECK-IN<br />
<br />
The organizer cannot be held responsible for the failure of clients to check in at the departure location of the trip for whatever reason, for example, caused by a delay in air, rail, or land pre-routing, even if this delay results from force majeure, a fortuitous event, or the act of a third party.<br />
<br />
The organizer cannot be held responsible for the failure to check in:<br />
<br />
- When the traveler presents expired identification and/or health documents (identity card, passport, visa, exit authorization for minors, vaccination certificate…)<br />
<br />
- When the traveler does not present the necessary identification and/or health documents for their trip.<br />
<br />
In case of failure of the client to check in at the departure location of the package trip, 100% of the amount of the trip will be retained.<br />
<br />
XIV. HEALTH MEASURES following COVID-19<br />
<br />
To participate in our excursions and weekends, WEARING a MASK is MANDATORY (not provided by the organizer). Anyone not equipped with a mask will be refused entry onto the coach (no postponement of participation, credit, or refund will be granted). Anyone who knowingly or negligently exposes other participants to a risk of contamination during journeys or visits will be immediately excluded from the trip. The offender will have to return to Paris by their own means, at their own expense.<br />
<br />
Transporters guarantee ENHANCED CLEANING of the coach BEFORE and AFTER each trip. In a bid to limit the spread of covid-19 in general and to facilitate the regular enhanced cleaning of the coach carried out before and after your trip, for your health safety but also that of future participants, it is FORBIDDEN to leave TRASH in the coach. Before each descent, checks will be carried out and pecuniary sanctions will be immediately applied to disrespectful offenders (ranging from 100€ to 150€ depending on the coach companies).<br />
<br />
It is recommended that each participant bring HYDROALCOHOLIC GEL for regular hand disinfection. (An emergency quantity will be made available, at our expense, on each trip.)<br />
<br />
SOCIAL DISTANCING will be implemented for holders of:<br />
<br />
- SOLO tickets: individuals traveling alone will have a free seat to their right or left.<br />
<br />
- DUO tickets: people traveling in 2 (couples, family, close friends...) will be placed side by side, and the row in front and behind them will be occupied by solo travelers.<br />
<br />
We count on your immediate and quick understanding and cooperation, so that all participants can settle quickly and allow the coach departures at the scheduled times. Any inconvenience causing delays in coach departures will result in a reduction in visiting time (or if it is the last trip of the day: a delay in arrival in Paris).<br />
<br />
XV. INSURANCE<br />
<br />
The rates shown in the stay offers do not include any insurance<br />
<br />
For now, we do not offer management of connections etc to subscribe to travel insurance, but you are free to choose one yourself and subscribe to it.<br />
<br />
The purchase of travel insurance is not mandatory but recommended to avoid any inconvenience/problem you might encounter before your departure on a trip or during your stay.<br />
<br />
XVI. CLAIMS<br />
<br />
Any claim in case of difficulties encountered during a trip (related to a deficiency, supplements requested by a provider on site, delays, etc.) will be deemed admissible only upon presentation of written justifications provided by one of the organizer's designated representatives, namely: the guide, the coach driver, the hotelier, or the local correspondent of the organizer. A claim is admissible only if it is sent by registered mail with acknowledgment of receipt no later than 15 days after the end date of the services. The deficiency report must be attached to this letter.<br />
<br />
Claims are to be sent by registered mail with acknowledgment of receipt to Discover and Connect SA, Str 30 Decembrie, No.10, Tirgu Jiu, Romania<br />
<br />
XVII. ORGANIZER'S LIABILITY<br />
<br />
The liability of Discover and Connect SA is defined by Article 23 of Law No. 93-65 of 13 July 1992. Discover and Connect SA carefully selects the providers involved in its packages. In the event of non-performance or poor performance of any element included in the package, the liability of Discover and Connect SA cannot be engaged if this non-performance or poor performance is attributable to yourself, to force majeure or to an unforeseeable and insurmountable event, or to a third party unconnected with the provision of services provided for in the contract.<br />
<br />
XVIII. CARRIERS' LIABILITY<br />
<br />
The schedules and related indications mentioned in the stay offers are given for informational purposes only. The responsibilities of transport companies participating in trips organized by the agency are limited in case of damages, complaints, or claims of any kind, to the conditions of passenger and baggage transport exclusively. The agency's liability cannot substitute for that of French or foreign carriers ensuring the transfers or transport of passengers and baggage.<br />
<br />
Furthermore, we draw your attention to the following circumstances, which are likely to limit the agency's liability in the realization of your trip: specific constraints of transport, related to the congestion of land routes and airspace, to driving and air navigation rules, to the processing time of aircraft at airports..., subordinated to the essential concern for the safety of transported passengers, may lead companies to modify the provisional schedules. Therefore, any traffic irregularity cannot engage the agency's liability.<br />
<br />
XIX. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY<br />
<br />
All documents, information, texts, photographs, images, icons, sounds, videos, software, databases, graphic data, or any other content broadcast on the site are protected under copyright and intellectual property rights worldwide. In accordance with the French Intellectual Property Code, only use for private purposes is authorized, subject to more restrictive legal or regulatory provisions applicable. Any other use may be considered as infringement and prosecuted by the competent French courts.<br />
<br />
XX. APPLICABLE LAW<br />
<br />
Discover and Connect SA is a French law company. The terms and conditions of sale are subject to French law. The applicable law to our relations is French law. In case of a dispute between the parties signing this contract relating to its interpretation or execution, it is expressly agreed that only the Courts of Paris will have jurisdiction.</div>Vincenthttps://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Help/Event/Paris/CGV&diff=291434Help/Event/Paris/CGV2024-02-24T09:56:47Z<p>Vincent: /* In English */</p>
<hr />
<div><div class="pg_page_title">Conditions Générales de Vente</div><br />
<br />
==En Français==<br />
<br />
===Préambule===<br />
<br />
Les offres de séjours concernées par les présentes conditions de vente sont proposées par l’agence de voyage : Discover and Connect SA N° d’immatriculation : C.I.F. RO36440797 R.C. J40/11079/2016<br />
<br />
<br />
Nous vous invitons à lire attentivement les conditions générales de vente ainsi que les conditions particulières de vente.<br />
<br />
<br />
===Conditions Générales de vente===<br />
<br />
L’inscription à un voyage avec la société Discover and Connect SA implique l’adhésion à l’ensemble des dispositions légales précisées par la directive (UE) 2015/2302 du Parlement européen et du Conseil du 25 novembre 2015 relative aux voyages à forfait et aux prestations de voyage liées.<br />
<br />
<br />
===Conditions particulières===<br />
<br />
I. ABSENCE DE DROIT DE RETRACTATION<br />
<br />
Conformément aux articles L.121-18-4° et L.121-21-8 du code de la consommation, vous ne disposez pas d’un droit de rétractation après avoir accepté le présent contrat.<br />
<br />
Par conséquent, aucune demande de remboursement, avoir, échange ou report ne sera acceptée. Néanmoins la cession de billet comme indiqué dans l'article XI. b) est possible.<br />
<br />
<br />
II. MODALITES DE RESERVATION<br />
<br />
a) Par Internet :<br />
<br />
Etape 1- Offre de voyage – information préalable<br />
<br />
Le client effectue son choix de voyage proposé sur le site internet ou autre canal de communication (Facebook, Meetup, …).<br />
<br />
Les descriptifs des séjours sont établis avec soin, mais nous ne saurions être tenus responsables de certaines modifications intervenues depuis la mise en ligne du voyage sur notre site. Les prix, horaires et itinéraires mentionnés ne sont pas contractuels et peuvent être modifiés.<br />
<br />
Etape 2- Réservation<br />
<br />
En cas de disponibilité selon le choix de voyage du client, le client effectue sa réservation sur une billetterie externe (service tiers : billetweb.fr) où il pourra sélectionner le nombre de places souhaitées et le tarif en cours.<br />
<br />
Etape 3- Page de coordonnées<br />
<br />
Le client renseigne ses coordonnées, nom, prénom et civilité. Pour continuer sa réservation, le client doit accepter les conditions générales de vente et les conditions particulières de ventes.<br />
<br />
L’acceptation de l’ensemble des conditions de ventes est obligatoire pour toute réservation. Le fait de cocher la case correspondante vaut acceptation.<br />
<br />
Etape 4 - Page de paiement et de validation de la réservation<br />
<br />
Conformément à l’article 1369-4 du code civil, la page de paiement permet de relire l’intégralité de la réservation, ainsi que les informations saisies ou sélectionnées par le client. Le client peut revenir aux formulaires précédents pour corriger ses sélections ou sa saisie.<br />
<br />
Le client sélectionne ses modalités de paiement parmi celles proposées. Pour confirmer sa réservation, le client valide son paiement.<br />
<br />
Le renseignement des informations de paiement, la validation des informations et l’affichage de la confirmation concluent le contrat de vente et la réservation.<br />
<br />
Le client reconnaît avoir la capacité de contracter aux conditions décrites, c'est à dire avoir la majorité légale, être capable juridiquement de contracter et ne pas être sous tutelle ou curatelle. Le client garantit la véracité et l'exactitude des informations fournies par ses soins ou toute autre personne ayant effectué la commande en son nom et pour son compte.<br />
<br />
Avertissement : Rappel des termes de l'article 313-1 du Nouveau Code Pénal français :<br />
<br />
" L'escroquerie est le fait, soit par l'usage d'un faux nom ou d'une fausse qualité, soit par l'abus d'une qualité vraie, soit par l'emploi de manœuvres frauduleuses de tromper une personne physique ou morale et de la déterminer ainsi, à son préjudice ou au préjudice d'un tiers, à remettre des fonds, des valeurs ou un bien quelconque, à fournir un service ou à consentir un acte opérant obligation ou décharge. L'escroquerie est punie de cinq ans d'emprisonnement et de 375000€ d'amende ".<br />
<br />
Etape 5 - Page de confirmation<br />
<br />
La réservation est considérée comme confirmée si le paiement est accepté et si l’organisateur est en mesure de confirmer celle-ci. Un courrier électronique de confirmation est envoyé au client indiquant le récapitulatif de la réservation. La confirmation de commande fait office de bulletin d’inscription, elle est adressée au client à l’adresse email renseigné durant la réservation. Le client accepte l’usage du courrier électronique en vue de la conclusion du contrat ou pour la transmission d’information relative à l’exécution de son contrat, conformément à l’article 1369-2 du code civil.<br />
<br />
b) • Par chèque ou en espèce sur rendez-vous. (Modalités de paiement indisponibles jusqu’à la réouverture physique de notre bureau. Nos équipes oeuvrant à distance comme recommandé par l’Etat en ces temps de covid-19. Merci pour votre compréhension)<br />
<br />
<br />
III. PAIEMENT EN PLUSIEURS FOIS<br />
<br />
Dans le cas exceptionnel où certains voyages ouvrent droit à une réservation en plusieurs fois, le versement d’acompte garantit votre réservation jusqu’au paiement intégral et vous engage à verser le solde selon les conditions particulières indiquées selon le voyage (généralement 4 à 6 semaines avant le départ). Que le paiement intégral ait été réalisé en une fois ou en plusieurs fois, vous engage de la même façon : vous ne disposez pas d’un droit de rétractation. Conformément à l’article L.121-18-4° du code de la consommation, vous ne disposez pas d’un droit de rétractation après avoir accepté le présent contrat. Dans la mesure où le paiement d’acompte vous engage à verser le solde, l’acompte est non-remboursable. En cas de non-paiement du solde dans les délais convenus, vous ne pourrez plus participer au voyage et votre acompte ne vous sera pas restitué.<br />
<br />
<br />
IV. FORMALITÉS<br />
<br />
Pour tous les voyages, les participants devront être en possession des documents obligatoires et nécessaire à l’entrée dans le pays de destination ou au passage dans le ou les pays d’escale éventuelle : passeport ou carte nationale d’identité en cours de validité, autorisation parentale, livrets de famille, visa...<br />
<br />
Nous invitons les personnes de nationalité française à consulter le site <nowiki>http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr</nowiki> afin de vérifier les formalités nécessaires. Nous invitons les ressortissants étrangers à consulter les autorités compétentes (consulat, ambassade…), pour connaître les modalités de séjours sur les destinations et escales éventuelles et de vérifier la validité des documents et des vaccins<br />
<br />
L’accomplissement des formalités incombe au client qui devra s’assurer avant son départ des modifications éventuelles intervenues. Le voyage ne peut en aucun cas être remboursé lorsque le participant, par suite de non présentation des documents en cours de validité (passeport, visa, ...) se trouve dans l’impossibilité de prendre le départ à la date indiquée ou d’entrer sur le territoire de destination ou d’escale. Les frais resteront à la charge du client.<br />
<br />
<br />
V. APTITUDE AU VOYAGE<br />
<br />
Nous nous réservons la possibilité de déconseiller l’inscription de tout voyageur dont l’état physique ou psychique ne nous semblerait pas compatible avec le type de voyage choisi. Chaque voyageur reste responsable individuellement de ses actes, et est tenu de vérifier sa condition physique avant le départ et de se munir de ses traitements habituels. Les clients participants à l’un de nos voyages s’engagent à respecter les horaires et les programmes. Dans le cas contraire, ils assumeront personnellement les frais supplémentaires.<br />
<br />
VI. PRIX<br />
<br />
Le prix et la disponibilité ne sont garantis qu’au moment de la réservation et sur le tarif en vigueur au moment de la réservation. Le descriptif du voyage ou du séjour indique les prestations de base comprises dans les prix forfaitaires proposés. Tous nos prix sont indiqués en euros et TVA comprise.<br />
<br />
Les prix ont été établis en fonction des conditions économiques en vigueur lors de l’établissement des tarifs. En cas de modification de ces conditions et notamment de celles relatives au prix du carburant, aux tarifs aériens, aux taux de change et aux taxes légales ou réglementaires, l’organisateur se réserve le droit de modifier les prix de vente.<br />
<br />
Sauf mention contraire dans la description de l’offre, les prix ne comprennent pas :<br />
<br />
- Les éventuelles taxes de sorties de territoire (à régler sur place en espèce), les taxes de séjour pour la France.<br />
<br />
- Les frais de visas et ceux liés aux formalités administratives et sanitaires nécessaires au voyage (vaccinations, traitements médicaux, etc..), et toutes les dépenses à caractère personnel (blanchissage, téléphone, pourboires,…)<br />
<br />
- Les visites et excursions facultatives, les entrées dans les musées et sites, les activités payantes.Conformément à l’article 19 de la loi du 13 juillet 1992, nous nous réservons le droit, à plus de 30 jours du départ, de modifier nos prix tant à la hausse qu’à la baisse en cas de variations significatives entre le jour de l’inscription et celui du départ du coût des transports.<br />
<br />
VII. PROMOTIONS ET OFFRES SPECIALES<br />
<br />
Les promotions, offres spéciales et dernières minutes sont non rétroactives, non cumulables et soumises à conditions. Les tarifs affichés tiennent déjà compte des remises. Les offres sont valables dans la limite des disponibilités et dans une période donnée.<br />
<br />
<br />
VIII. CONDITIONS DE PAIEMENT<br />
<br />
Le paiement en vente à distance s’effectue exclusivement par carte bancaire dont la liste est présentée sur le formulaire de paiement de la billetterie.<br />
<br />
Le service de paiement en ligne est réservé exclusivement aux titulaires d’une carte bancaire en cours de validité.<br />
<br />
Attention : l’organisateur participant de façon active à la lutte contre la fraude à la carte bancaire peut être amenée à demander par quelque moyen que ce soit au client la photocopie de la carte bancaire servant au paiement de la commande ainsi que celle du passeport et/ou de la carte d'identité du porteur de la carte bancaire, et celle du passager.<br />
<br />
Sur le fondement de l’article L.132.2 du Code français Monétaire et Financier, l’engagement de payer donné au moyen d’une carte de paiement est irrévocable. Il ne peut être fait opposition au paiement qu’en cas de perte, de vol ou d’utilisation frauduleuse de la carte. En dehors de ces cas limitativement admis par le législateur, le porteur de la carte se rend coupable de fraude à la carte bancaire. Le droit d’opposition au paiement ne saurait être utilisé pour pallier l’absence de droit de rétractation applicable dans le secteur du tourisme.<br />
<br />
Dans le cas où un client débiteur serait défaillant et les services non réglés dans le délai prévu et en tout cas avant le départ, la fourniture des services et documents de voyages serait suspendue de plein droit et les frais occasionnés à la charge du client débiteur. La confirmation d’une réservation engage l’organisateur sous réserve seulement du paiement des services prévus et ceci dans les délais initialement fixés. Tout retard ou report d’échéance donne droit à une indemnité de retard à l’organisateur telle que prévue dans les conditions générales de vente, celle-ci ne pouvant être inférieure à 2% de la somme due par mois de retard.<br />
<br />
<br />
IX. DURÉE DES VOYAGES<br />
<br />
Sont inclus dans la durée des voyages :<br />
<br />
- le jour du départ à partir de l’enregistrement<br />
<br />
- le jour du retour jusqu’à l’heure d’arrivée<br />
<br />
Les prix sont calculés en fonction d’un nombre de nuitées, et non de journées entières.<br />
<br />
Si, en raison des horaires imposés par les compagnies aériennes ou tout autre transporteur, la première et/ou la dernière nuit se trouvaient écourtées par une arrivée tardive ou un départ matinal, aucun remboursement ne pourrait avoir lieu.<br />
<br />
En cas de panne, d’accident, d’embouteillage, de retard dus aux difficultés de circulation, nos conducteurs, accompagnateurs, ou représentants locaux feront le maximum pour éviter les perturbations dans le déroulement du programme. S’ils étaient amenés à modifier celui-ci, les clients ne pourront prétendre comme seule indemnité, qu’au remboursement des services payants prévus initialement et dont ils auraient été privés.<br />
<br />
<br />
X. MODIFICATION DES PROGRAMMES<br />
<br />
A tout moment, avant ou pendant la réalisation du voyage, lorsque surviennent certains événements imprévisibles tels que grève, retards, modification des conditions climatiques ou politiques, l’organisateur peut juger nécessaire de modifier certains éléments du programme dans l’intérêt du voyageur, notamment : l’itinéraire, le mode de transport, l’hébergement, la durée du voyage. Lorsqu’après le départ, un des éléments essentiels du contrat ne peut être exécuté, le vendeur doit, sauf impossibilité dûment justifiée, proposer à l’acheteur des prestations en remplacement de celles qui ne sont pas fournies et prendre à sa charge les suppléments de prix qui en résultent, ou rembourser la différence de prix entre les prestations prévues et fournies.<br />
<br />
<br />
XI. MODIFICATIONS / ANNULATIONS<br />
<br />
a) Par l’organisateur<br />
<br />
- Le client ne pourra prétendre à aucune indemnité, si en cours de voyage le programme est modifié dû à des circonstances de force majeure pour des raisons tenant à la sécurité des voyageurs et/ou à l’impossibilité d’accéder à une destination. Les prix sont calculés de façon forfaitaire et basés sur un certain nombre de services (location autocar, kilométrage, péages, rémunération chauffeur, hébergement, logistique avant voyage, budget de communication, …). L’agence se réserve la possibilité de modifier les lieux et les événements proposés en cas d’indisponibilité de dernière minute des prestataires ou de cas de force majeure.<br />
<br />
- Le client sera remboursé mais ne pourra prétendre à aucune indemnité, si avant le voyage celui-ci était annulé en raison d’un nombre insuffisant de participants inscrits. Les voyages sont maintenus pour un minimum de 15 personnes inscrites 7 jours avant le départ. Au mieux l'annulation ou report d'un voyage sera notifiée aux participants le lundi précédent le week-end du départ ; ou bien au plus tard 48h avant le départ. L'objectif étant de garantir le départ de chaque voyage proposé, un voyage est maintenu aussi longtemps que possible. (En cas d'annulation, les participants pourront choisir entre obtenir un remboursement ou bien reporter leur participation.)<br />
<br />
- Le client sera remboursé mais ne pourra prétendre à aucune indemnité, si avant le voyage celui-ci était annulé en raison de restrictions gouvernementales (mise en quarantaine obligatoire, interdictions d’entrée de territoire…) empêchant le bon déroulement du voyage. Le montant remboursée sera celui du prix annoncé dans le descriptif. Les frais de transaction online ou frais de dossier ne seront pas remboursées. <br />
<br />
b) Par le client<br />
<br />
L’annulation du voyage par le client est sans frais, mais impliquera la retenue de 100% du montant du voyage.<br />
<br />
Conformément à l’art.I de nos CGV, les excursions, week-ends et séjours organisés sont non-remboursables.<br />
<br />
Si le client prend la décision d’interrompre, d’abréger ou de ne pas consommer toutes prestations incluses dans son programme pour quelque cause que ce soit il ne pourra prétendre alors à aucun remboursement.<br />
<br />
Le défaut d’enregistrement des clients au lieu de départ qu’elle qu’en soit la cause sauf en cas de force majeure sera retenu comme annulation et impliquera la retenue de 100% du montant du voyage.<br />
<br />
Conformément à l’article 18 de la loi du 13 juillet, le client pourra céder son contrat à un tiers, à condition d’en informer l’agence via billetweb.fr, par écrit en informant les nom, prénom, adresse email et numéro de portable de la personne cessionnaire.<br />
<br />
Afin que la modification soit effective, la demande de modification/cession doit parvenir avant le départ, durant les jours et heures d’ouverture, au plus tard un jour avant le départ (si départ un jeudi, vendredi ou samedi) ou 2 jours avant le départ (si départ un dimanche), avant 17h.<br />
<br />
Les frais de modification/cession de contrat du fait du client s’élèvent à 10 euros par personne.<br />
<br />
Pour toutes prestations incluant un transport en avion, il sera ajouté aux frais le prix de la modification du billet d’avion imposé par la compagnie aérienne.<br />
<br />
<br />
XII. HEBERGEMENT<br />
<br />
Les prix sont calculés en nombre de nuitées. D’après les règles de l’hôtellerie internationale une nuitée s’étend de 14h00 jusqu’à 10h00 le jour suivant. Sauf mention contraire, en cas de prise de possession avant 14h ou de libération après 10h00 (dû aux horaires des bus par exemple), il se peut que l’hôtelier facture une nuitée au client quel que soit le temps passé dans la chambre.<br />
<br />
Le jour du départ et le jour du retour du voyage sont inclus dans la durée du voyage. Le premier et le dernier jour étant généralement consacrés au transport, il est expressément convenu que si, en raison des horaires imposés par les transporteurs, la première et/ou la dernière nuit se trouvaient écourtée(s) par une arrivée tardive ou un départ matinal, aucun remboursement ne pourrait avoir lieu.<br />
<br />
Le nombre d’étoiles attribuées aux établissements hôteliers correspond à une classification établie en fonction des normes locales du pays d’accueil. Ces dernières peuvent différer des normes françaises et européennes.<br />
<br />
XIII. DÉFAUT D’ENREGISTREMENT<br />
<br />
L’organisateur ne peut être tenu pour responsable du défaut d’enregistrement des clients au lieu de départ du voyage et ce, pour quelque cause que ce soit, par exemple occasionné par un retard de préacheminement aérien, ferroviaire ou terrestre, même si ce retard résulte d’un cas de force majeure, d’un cas fortuit ou du fait d’un tiers.<br />
<br />
L’organisateur ne peut être tenu responsable du défaut d’enregistrement :<br />
<br />
- Lorsque le voyageur présente des documents d’identification et/ou sanitaires périmés (carte d’identité, passeport, visa, autorisation de sortie de territoire pour les mineurs, certificat de vaccination…)<br />
<br />
- Lorsque le voyageur ne présente pas les documents d’identification et/ou sanitaires nécessaires à la réalisation de son voyage.<br />
<br />
En cas de défaut d’enregistrement du client au lieu de départ du voyage à forfait, il sera retenu 100% du montant du voyage.<br />
<br />
<br />
XIV. MESURES SANITAIRES suite au COVID-19<br />
<br />
Pour participer à nos excursions et week-ends, le PORT du MASQUE est OBLIGATOIRE (non-fourni par l’organisateur). Toute personne non-munie d'un masque se verra refuser la montée dans l'autocar (aucun report de participation, avoir ou remboursement ne sera accordé). Toute personne qui consciemment ou par négligence exposerait les autres participants à un risque de contamination durant les trajets ou les visites sera immédiatement exclue du voyage. Le fautif devra rentrer à Paris par ses propres moyens, à ses propres frais.<br />
<br />
Les transporteurs garantissent un NETTOYAGE RENFORCÉ de l'autocar AVANT et APRES chaque voyage. Dans une optique de limitation de propagation du covid-19 en général et pour faciliter le nettoyage renforcé régulier de l'autocar effectué avant et après votre voyage, pour votre sécurité sanitaire mais aussi celle des futurs participants, il est INTERDIT de laisser des DETRITUS dans l'autocar. Avant chaque descente, des vérifications seront opérées et des sanctions pécunières seront immédiatement appliquées aux fautifs irrespecteux (allant de 100€ à 150€ selon les compagnies d'autocar).<br />
<br />
Il est recommandé à chaque participant d'emmener du GEL HYDROALCOOLIQUE pour une désinfection régulière de vos mains. (Une quantité d'urgence sera mis à disposition, à nos frais, à chaque voyage.)<br />
<br />
Une DISTANCIATION SOCIALE sera mise en œuvre pour les titulaires de :<br />
<br />
- Billets SOLO : les personnes voyageant seules auront un siège libre à leur droite ou leur gauche.<br />
<br />
- Billets DUO : les personnes voyageant à 2 (couples, famille, amis proches...) seront placés côte à côte, et la rangée devant et derrière elles seront occupées par des voyageurs seuls.<br />
<br />
Nous comptons sur votre compréhension et coopération immédiate et rapide, afin que l'ensemble des participants puisse s'installer rapidement et permettre les départs d'autocar aux horaires prévus. Toute gêne occasionnant des retards de départ d'autocar impliquera une diminution de temps de visite (ou s'il s'agit du dernier trajet du jour : un retard d'arrivée à Paris).<br />
<br />
XV. ASSURANCES<br />
<br />
Les tarifs figurant dans les offres de séjours n’incluent aucune assurance<br />
<br />
Pour le moment nous ne proposons pas la gestion de mise en relation etc pour souscrire à une assurance voyage, mais vous êtes libre d’en choisir une par vous-même et d’y souscrire.<br />
<br />
L'achat des assurances voyage n'est pas obligatoire mais recommandé pour éviter tout désagrément/problème que vous pourriez rencontrer avant votre départ en voyage ou durant votre séjour.<br />
<br />
<br />
XVI. RÉCLAMATIONS<br />
<br />
Toute réclamation en cas de difficultés rencontrées lors d’un voyage (relative à une carence, suppléments demandés par un prestataire sur place, retards, etc.) sera jugée recevable uniquement sur présentation de justificatifs écrits fourni par l’un des représentants désignés de l’organisateur, soit : l’accompagnateur, le conducteur de l’autocar, l’hôtelier ou le correspondant local de l’organisateur. Une réclamation n’est recevable que si elle est adressée par courrier recommandé avec accusé de réception au plus tard dans les 15 jours suivant la date de fin des prestations. Le constat de carence devra être joint à cette lettre.<br />
<br />
Les réclamations sont à adresser par courrier recommandé avec accusé de réception à Discover and Connect SA, Str 30 Decembrie, No.10, Tirgu Jiu, Romania<br />
<br />
<br />
XVII. RESPONSABILITE DE L'ORGANISATEUR<br />
<br />
La responsabilité de Discover and Connect SA est définie par l’article 23 de la loi n°93-65 du 13 juillet 1992. Discover and Connect SA choisit avec soin les prestataires intervenants dans le cadre de ses forfaits. En cas d’inexécution ou de mauvaise exécution de tout élément entrant dans le forfait, la responsabilité de Discover and Connect SA ne saurait être engagée si cette inexécution ou mauvaise exécution est imputable à vous-même, à un cas de force majeure ou fait imprévisible et insurmontable, ou à un tiers étranger à la prestation des fournitures prévues au contrat.<br />
<br />
<br />
XVIII. RESPONSABILITÉ DES TRANSPORTEURS<br />
<br />
Les horaires et indications s’y rapportant mentionnés dans les offres de séjours sont donnés à titre purement indicatifs. Les responsabilités des compagnies de transports qui participent aux voyages organisés par l’agence sont limitées en cas de dommages, plaintes ou réclamations de toute nature, aux conditions des transports des passagers et de leurs bagages exclusivement. L’agence ne saurait voir sa responsabilité se substituer à celle des transporteurs français ou étrangers assurant les transferts ou transports de passagers et bagages.<br />
<br />
Par ailleurs, nous attirons votre attention sur les circonstances suivantes, qui sont de nature à limiter la responsabilité de l’agence dans la réalisation de votre voyage : les contraintes spécifiques du transport, liées à l’encombrement des voies terrestres et espace aérien, aux règles d’amplitude de conduite et de navigation aérienne, au délai de traitement des appareils sur les aéroports..., subordonné au souci essentiel de la sécurité des passagers transportés, peuvent entraîner les compagnies à modifier les horaires prévisionnels.. De ce fait, toute irrégularité de trafic ne saurait engager la responsabilité de l’agence.<br />
<br />
<br />
XIX. PROPRIETE INTELLECTUELLE<br />
<br />
Tous les documents, informations, textes, photographies, images, icônes, sons, vidéos, logiciel, base de données, données graphiques, ou tout autre contenu diffusé sur le site, sont protégés au titre du droit d’auteur et de la propriété intellectuelle pour le monde entier. Conformément au Code de la propriété Intellectuelle français, seule l’utilisation pour un usage privatif est autorisée, sous réserve de dispositions légales ou réglementaires applicables plus restrictives. Toute autre utilisation est susceptible d’être qualifiée de contrefaçon et sanctionnée par les tribunaux français compétents.<br />
<br />
<br />
XX. DROIT APPLICABLE<br />
<br />
Discover and Connect SA est une société de droit français. Les conditions de vente sont soumises au droit français. La loi applicable à nos relations est la loi française. En cas de litige entre les parties signataires du présent contrat relatif à son interprétation ou à son exécution, il est expressément convenu que seuls les Tribunaux de Paris seront compétents.<br />
<br />
<br />
==In English==<br />
<br />
===Preamble===<br />
<br />
The stay offers covered by these terms and conditions are proposed by the travel agency: Discover and Connect SA Registration Number: C.I.F. RO36440797 R.C. J40/11079/2016<br />
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We invite you to carefully read the general terms and conditions of sale as well as the specific terms and conditions of sale.<br />
<br />
===General Terms and Conditions of Sale===<br />
<br />
Registering for a trip with Discover and Connect SA implies adherence to all legal provisions specified by Directive (EU) 2015/2302 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 November 2015 on package travel and linked travel arrangements.<br />
<br />
===Specific Conditions===<br />
<br />
I. NO RIGHT OF WITHDRAWAL<br />
<br />
In accordance with Articles L.121-18-4° and L.121-21-8 of the Consumer Code, you do not have a right of withdrawal after having accepted this contract.<br />
<br />
Therefore, no requests for refunds, credits, exchanges, or postponements will be accepted. However, the transfer of tickets as indicated in Article XI. b) is possible.<br />
<br />
II. RESERVATION PROCEDURES<br />
<br />
a) Online:<br />
<br />
Step 1 - Travel Offer – Preliminary Information<br />
<br />
The customer makes their travel choice from the website or other communication channels (Facebook, Meetup, etc.).<br />
<br />
The descriptions of the stays are carefully established, but we cannot be held responsible for any changes that have occurred since the trip was posted on our site. Prices, schedules, and itineraries mentioned are not contractual and may be modified.<br />
<br />
Step 2 - Reservation<br />
<br />
If available according to the client's travel choice, the client makes their reservation on an external ticketing service (third-party service: billetweb.fr) where they can select the desired number of places and the current rate.<br />
<br />
Step 3 - Contact Information Page<br />
<br />
The client provides their contact details, name, first name, and title. To continue their reservation, the client must accept the general and specific terms and conditions of sale.<br />
<br />
Accepting all terms and conditions of sale is mandatory for any reservation. Checking the corresponding box constitutes acceptance.<br />
<br />
Step 4 - Payment and Reservation Validation Page<br />
<br />
In accordance with Article 1369-4 of the Civil Code, the payment page allows reviewing the entire reservation and the information entered or selected by the client. The client can return to the previous forms to correct their selections or entry.<br />
<br />
The client selects their payment method from those offered. To confirm their reservation, the client validates their payment.<br />
<br />
Entering payment information, validating the information, and displaying the confirmation conclude the sales contract and the reservation.<br />
<br />
The client acknowledges having the capacity to contract under the conditions described, that is to say, being of legal age, legally capable of contracting, and not being under guardianship or curatorship. The client guarantees the truthfulness and accuracy of the information provided by themselves or by any other person making the order on their behalf and for their account.<br />
<br />
Warning: Reminder of the terms of Article 313-1 of the French New Penal Code:<br />
<br />
"Fraud is the act of deceiving a physical or moral person by using a false name or a false quality, or by abusing a true quality, or by employing fraudulent maneuvers, thereby inducing them, to their detriment or to the detriment of a third party, to hand over funds, securities, or any property, to provide a service or to consent to an act entailing an obligation or discharge. Fraud is punishable by five years' imprisonment and a €375,000 fine."<br />
<br />
Step 5 - Confirmation Page<br />
<br />
The reservation is considered confirmed if the payment is accepted and if the organizer can confirm it. A confirmation email is sent to the client summarizing the reservation. The order confirmation acts as a registration form, it is sent to the client at the email address provided during the reservation. The client accepts the use of email for the conclusion of the contract or for the transmission of information related to the execution of their contract, in accordance with Article 1369-2 of the Civil Code.<br />
<br />
b) • By check or in cash by appointment. (Payment methods unavailable until the physical reopening of our office. Our teams are working remotely as recommended by the State during these times of covid-19. Thank you for your understanding.)<br />
<br />
III. PAYMENT IN INSTALLMENTS<br />
<br />
In the exceptional case where some trips allow for reservation in installments, the payment of a deposit guarantees your reservation until full payment and commits you to pay the balance according to the specific conditions indicated for the trip (generally 4 to 6 weeks before departure). Whether the full payment has been made at once or in installments, you are bound in the same way: you do not have a right of withdrawal. In accordance with Article L.121-18-4° of the Consumer Code, you do not have a right of withdrawal after having accepted this contract. Since the payment of a deposit commits you to pay the balance, the deposit is non-refundable. In case of non-payment of the balance within the agreed deadlines, you will no longer be able to participate in the trip, and your deposit will not be refunded.<br />
<br />
IV. FORMALITIES<br />
<br />
For all trips, participants must be in possession of the mandatory documents necessary for entry into the destination country or for transit through any potential transit countries: valid passport or national identity card, parental authorization, family record books, visa...<br />
<br />
We invite French nationals to consult the website <nowiki>http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr</nowiki> to check the necessary formalities. We invite foreign nationals to consult the competent authorities (consulate, embassy...) to know the stay modalities for the destinations and potential transits and to verify the validity of the documents and vaccines.<br />
<br />
The accomplishment of formalities is the responsibility of the client who must ensure before their departure of any possible changes. The trip cannot be refunded when the participant, due to the non-presentation of valid documents (passport, visa, ...) finds themselves unable to depart on the indicated date or to enter the territory of destination or transit. The costs will remain at the client's expense.<br />
<br />
V. FITNESS FOR TRAVEL<br />
<br />
We reserve the right to advise against the registration of any traveler whose physical or psychological state does not seem compatible with the type of trip chosen. Each traveler is individually responsible for their actions and is required to check their physical condition before departure and to bring their usual treatments. Clients participating in one of our trips commit to respecting the schedules and programs. Otherwise, they will personally assume the additional costs.<br />
<br />
VI. PRICE<br />
<br />
The price and availability are guaranteed only at the time of reservation and at the rate in effect at the time of the reservation. The description of the trip or stay indicates the basic services included in the proposed package prices. All our prices are indicated in euros and include VAT.<br />
<br />
Prices have been established based on the economic conditions in force at the time of setting the rates. In case of a change in these conditions, especially those related to the price of fuel, airfare rates, exchange rates, and legal or regulatory taxes, the organizer reserves the right to modify the sales prices.<br />
<br />
Unless otherwise mentioned in the offer description, prices do not include:<br />
<br />
- Any possible departure taxes (to be paid on-site in cash), stay taxes for France.<br />
<br />
- Visa fees and those related to administrative and health formalities necessary for the trip (vaccinations, medical treatments, etc.), and all personal expenses (laundry, telephone, tips,…)<br />
<br />
- Optional tours and excursions, museum and site entries, paid activities. In accordance with Article 19 of the law of 13 July 1992, we reserve the right, more than 30 days before departure, to modify our prices both upwards and downwards in case of significant variations between the day of registration and the day of departure in the cost of transportation.<br />
<br />
VII. PROMOTIONS AND SPECIAL OFFERS<br />
<br />
Promotions, special offers, and last-minute deals are non-retroactive, non-cumulative, and subject to conditions. The displayed rates already take into account discounts. Offers are valid subject to availability and within a given period.<br />
<br />
VIII. PAYMENT CONDITIONS<br />
<br />
Distance selling payment is made exclusively by credit card, the list of which is presented on the payment form of the ticketing service.<br />
<br />
The online payment service is reserved exclusively for holders of a valid credit card.<br />
<br />
Attention: the organizer, actively participating in the fight against credit card fraud, may ask the client by any means for a photocopy of the credit card used for the payment of the order as well as that of the passport and/or identity card of the cardholder, and that of the passenger.<br />
<br />
Based on Article L.132.2 of the French Monetary and Financial Code, the commitment to pay made using a payment card is irrevocable. Opposition to payment can only be made in the event of loss, theft, or fraudulent use of the card. Outside of these cases strictly admitted by the legislator, the cardholder is guilty of credit card fraud. The right to oppose payment cannot be used to compensate for the lack of a right of withdrawal applicable in the tourism sector.<br />
<br />
In the case where a defaulting client's services are not paid within the set deadline and in any case before departure, the provision of services and travel documents would be suspended as of right, and the costs incurred would be charged to the defaulting client. The confirmation of a reservation commits the organizer only under the condition of payment of the services provided and this within the initially set deadlines. Any delay or postponement of the deadline gives the organizer the right to a late payment penalty as provided in the general terms and conditions of sale, which cannot be less than 2% of the sum due per month of delay.<br />
<br />
IX. DURATION OF TRIPS<br />
<br />
Included in the duration of trips:<br />
<br />
- the day of departure from the time of check-in<br />
<br />
- the day of return until the time of arrival<br />
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Prices are calculated based on the number of overnight stays, not full days.<br />
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If, due to the schedules imposed by airlines or any other carrier, the first and/or last night were shortened by a late arrival or an early departure, no refund could take place.<br />
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In case of breakdown, accident, traffic jam, or delay due to traffic difficulties, our drivers, guides, or local representatives will do their utmost to avoid disruptions in the program's progress. If they were led to modify it, clients could only claim as sole compensation, the refund of the initially planned and paid services from which they were deprived.<br />
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X. PROGRAM MODIFICATIONS<br />
<br />
At any time, before or during the realization of the trip, when certain unforeseeable events such as strikes, delays, changes in weather or political conditions occur, the organizer may deem it necessary to modify certain elements of the program in the traveler's interest, including: the itinerary, mode of transport, accommodation, duration of the trip. When, after departure, one of the essential elements of the contract cannot be executed, the seller must, unless duly justified impossibility, offer the buyer services in replacement of those not provided and bear any resulting price supplements, or reimburse the difference in price between the services planned and provided.<br />
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XI. MODIFICATIONS / CANCELLATIONS<br />
<br />
a) By the organizer<br />
<br />
- The client cannot claim any compensation if, during the trip, the program is modified due to force majeure reasons related to the safety of travelers and/or the impossibility of accessing a destination. The prices are calculated on a flat-rate basis and based on a certain number of services (coach rental, mileage, tolls, driver's pay, accommodation, pre-trip logistics, communication budget, ...). The agency reserves the right to modify the places and events offered in case of last-minute unavailability of providers or force majeure.<br />
<br />
- The client will be refunded but cannot claim any compensation if, before the trip, it was canceled due to an insufficient number of registered participants. Trips are maintained for a minimum of 15 people registered 7 days before departure. At best, the cancellation or postponement of a trip will be notified to participants the Monday preceding the weekend of departure; or at the latest 48 hours before departure. The goal being to guarantee the departure of each trip offered, a trip is maintained as long as possible. (In case of cancellation, participants can choose between obtaining a refund or postponing their participation.)<br />
<br />
- The client will be refunded but cannot claim any compensation if, before the trip, it was canceled due to government restrictions (mandatory quarantine, entry bans...) preventing the proper conduct of the trip. The amount refunded will be that of the price announced in the description. Online transaction fees or handling fees will not be refunded.<br />
<br />
b) By the client<br />
<br />
The cancellation of the trip by the client is without charge, but will involve the retention of 100% of the amount of the trip.<br />
<br />
In accordance with Art.I of our GTC, organized excursions, weekends, and stays are non-refundable.<br />
<br />
If the client decides to interrupt, shorten, or not consume all the services included in their program for whatever reason, they cannot then claim any refund.<br />
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Failure to register clients at the departure location for whatever reason except in case of force majeure will be considered as cancellation and will involve the retention of 100% of the amount of the trip.<br />
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In accordance with Article 18 of the law of 13 July, the client may transfer their contract to a third party, provided they inform the agency via billetweb.fr, in writing by informing the name, first name, email address, and mobile phone number of the transferee.<br />
<br />
For the modification to be effective, the request for modification/transfer must be received before departure, during opening days and hours, at the latest one day before departure (if departure on a Thursday, Friday, or Saturday) or 2 days before departure (if departure on a Sunday), before 5 pm.<br />
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The fees for contract modification/transfer by the client amount to 10 euros per person.<br />
<br />
For all services including air transport, the price of the flight ticket modification imposed by the airline will be added to the fees.<br />
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XII. ACCOMMODATION<br />
<br />
Prices are calculated based on the number of overnight stays. According to international hotel rules, an overnight stay extends from 2 pm until 10 am the following day. Unless otherwise mentioned, in case of possession before 2 pm or release after 10 am (due to bus schedules, for example), the hotelier may charge a night to the client regardless of the time spent in the room.<br />
<br />
The day of departure and the day of return of the trip are included in the duration of the trip. The first and last day being generally dedicated to transport, it is expressly agreed that if, due to the schedules imposed by the carriers, the first and/or last night were shortened by a late arrival or an early departure, no refund could take place.<br />
<br />
The number of stars attributed to hotel establishments corresponds to a classification established based on the local standards of the host country. These may differ from French and European standards.<br />
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XIII. FAILURE TO CHECK-IN<br />
<br />
The organizer cannot be held responsible for the failure of clients to check in at the departure location of the trip for whatever reason, for example, caused by a delay in air, rail, or land pre-routing, even if this delay results from force majeure, a fortuitous event, or the act of a third party.<br />
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The organizer cannot be held responsible for the failure to check in:<br />
<br />
- When the traveler presents expired identification and/or health documents (identity card, passport, visa, exit authorization for minors, vaccination certificate…)<br />
<br />
- When the traveler does not present the necessary identification and/or health documents for their trip.<br />
<br />
In case of failure of the client to check in at the departure location of the package trip, 100% of the amount of the trip will be retained.<br />
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XIV. HEALTH MEASURES following COVID-19<br />
<br />
To participate in our excursions and weekends, WEARING a MASK is MANDATORY (not provided by the organizer). Anyone not equipped with a mask will be refused entry onto the coach (no postponement of participation, credit, or refund will be granted). Anyone who knowingly or negligently exposes other participants to a risk of contamination during journeys or visits will be immediately excluded from the trip. The offender will have to return to Paris by their own means, at their own expense.<br />
<br />
Transporters guarantee ENHANCED CLEANING of the coach BEFORE and AFTER each trip. In a bid to limit the spread of covid-19 in general and to facilitate the regular enhanced cleaning of the coach carried out before and after your trip, for your health safety but also that of future participants, it is FORBIDDEN to leave TRASH in the coach. Before each descent, checks will be carried out and pecuniary sanctions will be immediately applied to disrespectful offenders (ranging from 100€ to 150€ depending on the coach companies).<br />
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It is recommended that each participant bring HYDROALCOHOLIC GEL for regular hand disinfection. (An emergency quantity will be made available, at our expense, on each trip.)<br />
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SOCIAL DISTANCING will be implemented for holders of:<br />
<br />
- SOLO tickets: individuals traveling alone will have a free seat to their right or left.<br />
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- DUO tickets: people traveling in 2 (couples, family, close friends...) will be placed side by side, and the row in front and behind them will be occupied by solo travelers.<br />
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We count on your immediate and quick understanding and cooperation, so that all participants can settle quickly and allow the coach departures at the scheduled times. Any inconvenience causing delays in coach departures will result in a reduction in visiting time (or if it is the last trip of the day: a delay in arrival in Paris).<br />
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XV. INSURANCE<br />
<br />
The rates shown in the stay offers do not include any insurance<br />
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For now, we do not offer management of connections etc to subscribe to travel insurance, but you are free to choose one yourself and subscribe to it.<br />
<br />
The purchase of travel insurance is not mandatory but recommended to avoid any inconvenience/problem you might encounter before your departure on a trip or during your stay.<br />
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XVI. CLAIMS<br />
<br />
Any claim in case of difficulties encountered during a trip (related to a deficiency, supplements requested by a provider on site, delays, etc.) will be deemed admissible only upon presentation of written justifications provided by one of the organizer's designated representatives, namely: the guide, the coach driver, the hotelier, or the local correspondent of the organizer. A claim is admissible only if it is sent by registered mail with acknowledgment of receipt no later than 15 days after the end date of the services. The deficiency report must be attached to this letter.<br />
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Claims are to be sent by registered mail with acknowledgment of receipt to Discover and Connect SA, Str 30 Decembrie, No.10, Tirgu Jiu, Romania<br />
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XVII. ORGANIZER'S LIABILITY<br />
<br />
The liability of Discover and Connect SA is defined by Article 23 of Law No. 93-65 of 13 July 1992. Discover and Connect SA carefully selects the providers involved in its packages. In the event of non-performance or poor performance of any element included in the package, the liability of Discover and Connect SA cannot be engaged if this non-performance or poor performance is attributable to yourself, to force majeure or to an unforeseeable and insurmountable event, or to a third party unconnected with the provision of services provided for in the contract.<br />
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XVIII. CARRIERS' LIABILITY<br />
<br />
The schedules and related indications mentioned in the stay offers are given for informational purposes only. The responsibilities of transport companies participating in trips organized by the agency are limited in case of damages, complaints, or claims of any kind, to the conditions of passenger and baggage transport exclusively. The agency's liability cannot substitute for that of French or foreign carriers ensuring the transfers or transport of passengers and baggage.<br />
<br />
Furthermore, we draw your attention to the following circumstances, which are likely to limit the agency's liability in the realization of your trip: specific constraints of transport, related to the congestion of land routes and airspace, to driving and air navigation rules, to the processing time of aircraft at airports..., subordinated to the essential concern for the safety of transported passengers, may lead companies to modify the provisional schedules. Therefore, any traffic irregularity cannot engage the agency's liability.<br />
<br />
XIX. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY<br />
<br />
All documents, information, texts, photographs, images, icons, sounds, videos, software, databases, graphic data, or any other content broadcast on the site are protected under copyright and intellectual property rights worldwide. In accordance with the French Intellectual Property Code, only use for private purposes is authorized, subject to more restrictive legal or regulatory provisions applicable. Any other use may be considered as infringement and prosecuted by the competent French courts.<br />
<br />
XX. APPLICABLE LAW<br />
<br />
Discover and Connect SA is a French law company. The terms and conditions of sale are subject to French law. The applicable law to our relations is French law. In case of a dispute between the parties signing this contract relating to its interpretation or execution, it is expressly agreed that only the Courts of Paris will have jurisdiction.</div>Vincenthttps://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Help/Event/Paris/CGV&diff=291433Help/Event/Paris/CGV2024-02-24T09:55:33Z<p>Vincent: </p>
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<div><div class="pg_page_title">Conditions Générales de Vente</div><br />
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==En Français==<br />
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===Préambule===<br />
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Les offres de séjours concernées par les présentes conditions de vente sont proposées par l’agence de voyage : Discover and Connect SA N° d’immatriculation : C.I.F. RO36440797 R.C. J40/11079/2016<br />
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Nous vous invitons à lire attentivement les conditions générales de vente ainsi que les conditions particulières de vente.<br />
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===Conditions Générales de vente===<br />
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L’inscription à un voyage avec la société Discover and Connect SA implique l’adhésion à l’ensemble des dispositions légales précisées par la directive (UE) 2015/2302 du Parlement européen et du Conseil du 25 novembre 2015 relative aux voyages à forfait et aux prestations de voyage liées.<br />
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<br />
===Conditions particulières===<br />
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I. ABSENCE DE DROIT DE RETRACTATION<br />
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Conformément aux articles L.121-18-4° et L.121-21-8 du code de la consommation, vous ne disposez pas d’un droit de rétractation après avoir accepté le présent contrat.<br />
<br />
Par conséquent, aucune demande de remboursement, avoir, échange ou report ne sera acceptée. Néanmoins la cession de billet comme indiqué dans l'article XI. b) est possible.<br />
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<br />
II. MODALITES DE RESERVATION<br />
<br />
a) Par Internet :<br />
<br />
Etape 1- Offre de voyage – information préalable<br />
<br />
Le client effectue son choix de voyage proposé sur le site internet ou autre canal de communication (Facebook, Meetup, …).<br />
<br />
Les descriptifs des séjours sont établis avec soin, mais nous ne saurions être tenus responsables de certaines modifications intervenues depuis la mise en ligne du voyage sur notre site. Les prix, horaires et itinéraires mentionnés ne sont pas contractuels et peuvent être modifiés.<br />
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Etape 2- Réservation<br />
<br />
En cas de disponibilité selon le choix de voyage du client, le client effectue sa réservation sur une billetterie externe (service tiers : billetweb.fr) où il pourra sélectionner le nombre de places souhaitées et le tarif en cours.<br />
<br />
Etape 3- Page de coordonnées<br />
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Le client renseigne ses coordonnées, nom, prénom et civilité. Pour continuer sa réservation, le client doit accepter les conditions générales de vente et les conditions particulières de ventes.<br />
<br />
L’acceptation de l’ensemble des conditions de ventes est obligatoire pour toute réservation. Le fait de cocher la case correspondante vaut acceptation.<br />
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Etape 4 - Page de paiement et de validation de la réservation<br />
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Conformément à l’article 1369-4 du code civil, la page de paiement permet de relire l’intégralité de la réservation, ainsi que les informations saisies ou sélectionnées par le client. Le client peut revenir aux formulaires précédents pour corriger ses sélections ou sa saisie.<br />
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Le client sélectionne ses modalités de paiement parmi celles proposées. Pour confirmer sa réservation, le client valide son paiement.<br />
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Le renseignement des informations de paiement, la validation des informations et l’affichage de la confirmation concluent le contrat de vente et la réservation.<br />
<br />
Le client reconnaît avoir la capacité de contracter aux conditions décrites, c'est à dire avoir la majorité légale, être capable juridiquement de contracter et ne pas être sous tutelle ou curatelle. Le client garantit la véracité et l'exactitude des informations fournies par ses soins ou toute autre personne ayant effectué la commande en son nom et pour son compte.<br />
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Avertissement : Rappel des termes de l'article 313-1 du Nouveau Code Pénal français :<br />
<br />
" L'escroquerie est le fait, soit par l'usage d'un faux nom ou d'une fausse qualité, soit par l'abus d'une qualité vraie, soit par l'emploi de manœuvres frauduleuses de tromper une personne physique ou morale et de la déterminer ainsi, à son préjudice ou au préjudice d'un tiers, à remettre des fonds, des valeurs ou un bien quelconque, à fournir un service ou à consentir un acte opérant obligation ou décharge. L'escroquerie est punie de cinq ans d'emprisonnement et de 375000€ d'amende ".<br />
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Etape 5 - Page de confirmation<br />
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La réservation est considérée comme confirmée si le paiement est accepté et si l’organisateur est en mesure de confirmer celle-ci. Un courrier électronique de confirmation est envoyé au client indiquant le récapitulatif de la réservation. La confirmation de commande fait office de bulletin d’inscription, elle est adressée au client à l’adresse email renseigné durant la réservation. Le client accepte l’usage du courrier électronique en vue de la conclusion du contrat ou pour la transmission d’information relative à l’exécution de son contrat, conformément à l’article 1369-2 du code civil.<br />
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b) • Par chèque ou en espèce sur rendez-vous. (Modalités de paiement indisponibles jusqu’à la réouverture physique de notre bureau. Nos équipes oeuvrant à distance comme recommandé par l’Etat en ces temps de covid-19. Merci pour votre compréhension)<br />
<br />
<br />
III. PAIEMENT EN PLUSIEURS FOIS<br />
<br />
Dans le cas exceptionnel où certains voyages ouvrent droit à une réservation en plusieurs fois, le versement d’acompte garantit votre réservation jusqu’au paiement intégral et vous engage à verser le solde selon les conditions particulières indiquées selon le voyage (généralement 4 à 6 semaines avant le départ). Que le paiement intégral ait été réalisé en une fois ou en plusieurs fois, vous engage de la même façon : vous ne disposez pas d’un droit de rétractation. Conformément à l’article L.121-18-4° du code de la consommation, vous ne disposez pas d’un droit de rétractation après avoir accepté le présent contrat. Dans la mesure où le paiement d’acompte vous engage à verser le solde, l’acompte est non-remboursable. En cas de non-paiement du solde dans les délais convenus, vous ne pourrez plus participer au voyage et votre acompte ne vous sera pas restitué.<br />
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IV. FORMALITÉS<br />
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Pour tous les voyages, les participants devront être en possession des documents obligatoires et nécessaire à l’entrée dans le pays de destination ou au passage dans le ou les pays d’escale éventuelle : passeport ou carte nationale d’identité en cours de validité, autorisation parentale, livrets de famille, visa...<br />
<br />
Nous invitons les personnes de nationalité française à consulter le site <nowiki>http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr</nowiki> afin de vérifier les formalités nécessaires. Nous invitons les ressortissants étrangers à consulter les autorités compétentes (consulat, ambassade…), pour connaître les modalités de séjours sur les destinations et escales éventuelles et de vérifier la validité des documents et des vaccins<br />
<br />
L’accomplissement des formalités incombe au client qui devra s’assurer avant son départ des modifications éventuelles intervenues. Le voyage ne peut en aucun cas être remboursé lorsque le participant, par suite de non présentation des documents en cours de validité (passeport, visa, ...) se trouve dans l’impossibilité de prendre le départ à la date indiquée ou d’entrer sur le territoire de destination ou d’escale. Les frais resteront à la charge du client.<br />
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V. APTITUDE AU VOYAGE<br />
<br />
Nous nous réservons la possibilité de déconseiller l’inscription de tout voyageur dont l’état physique ou psychique ne nous semblerait pas compatible avec le type de voyage choisi. Chaque voyageur reste responsable individuellement de ses actes, et est tenu de vérifier sa condition physique avant le départ et de se munir de ses traitements habituels. Les clients participants à l’un de nos voyages s’engagent à respecter les horaires et les programmes. Dans le cas contraire, ils assumeront personnellement les frais supplémentaires.<br />
<br />
VI. PRIX<br />
<br />
Le prix et la disponibilité ne sont garantis qu’au moment de la réservation et sur le tarif en vigueur au moment de la réservation. Le descriptif du voyage ou du séjour indique les prestations de base comprises dans les prix forfaitaires proposés. Tous nos prix sont indiqués en euros et TVA comprise.<br />
<br />
Les prix ont été établis en fonction des conditions économiques en vigueur lors de l’établissement des tarifs. En cas de modification de ces conditions et notamment de celles relatives au prix du carburant, aux tarifs aériens, aux taux de change et aux taxes légales ou réglementaires, l’organisateur se réserve le droit de modifier les prix de vente.<br />
<br />
Sauf mention contraire dans la description de l’offre, les prix ne comprennent pas :<br />
<br />
- Les éventuelles taxes de sorties de territoire (à régler sur place en espèce), les taxes de séjour pour la France.<br />
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- Les frais de visas et ceux liés aux formalités administratives et sanitaires nécessaires au voyage (vaccinations, traitements médicaux, etc..), et toutes les dépenses à caractère personnel (blanchissage, téléphone, pourboires,…)<br />
<br />
- Les visites et excursions facultatives, les entrées dans les musées et sites, les activités payantes.Conformément à l’article 19 de la loi du 13 juillet 1992, nous nous réservons le droit, à plus de 30 jours du départ, de modifier nos prix tant à la hausse qu’à la baisse en cas de variations significatives entre le jour de l’inscription et celui du départ du coût des transports.<br />
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VII. PROMOTIONS ET OFFRES SPECIALES<br />
<br />
Les promotions, offres spéciales et dernières minutes sont non rétroactives, non cumulables et soumises à conditions. Les tarifs affichés tiennent déjà compte des remises. Les offres sont valables dans la limite des disponibilités et dans une période donnée.<br />
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<br />
VIII. CONDITIONS DE PAIEMENT<br />
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Le paiement en vente à distance s’effectue exclusivement par carte bancaire dont la liste est présentée sur le formulaire de paiement de la billetterie.<br />
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Le service de paiement en ligne est réservé exclusivement aux titulaires d’une carte bancaire en cours de validité.<br />
<br />
Attention : l’organisateur participant de façon active à la lutte contre la fraude à la carte bancaire peut être amenée à demander par quelque moyen que ce soit au client la photocopie de la carte bancaire servant au paiement de la commande ainsi que celle du passeport et/ou de la carte d'identité du porteur de la carte bancaire, et celle du passager.<br />
<br />
Sur le fondement de l’article L.132.2 du Code français Monétaire et Financier, l’engagement de payer donné au moyen d’une carte de paiement est irrévocable. Il ne peut être fait opposition au paiement qu’en cas de perte, de vol ou d’utilisation frauduleuse de la carte. En dehors de ces cas limitativement admis par le législateur, le porteur de la carte se rend coupable de fraude à la carte bancaire. Le droit d’opposition au paiement ne saurait être utilisé pour pallier l’absence de droit de rétractation applicable dans le secteur du tourisme.<br />
<br />
Dans le cas où un client débiteur serait défaillant et les services non réglés dans le délai prévu et en tout cas avant le départ, la fourniture des services et documents de voyages serait suspendue de plein droit et les frais occasionnés à la charge du client débiteur. La confirmation d’une réservation engage l’organisateur sous réserve seulement du paiement des services prévus et ceci dans les délais initialement fixés. Tout retard ou report d’échéance donne droit à une indemnité de retard à l’organisateur telle que prévue dans les conditions générales de vente, celle-ci ne pouvant être inférieure à 2% de la somme due par mois de retard.<br />
<br />
<br />
IX. DURÉE DES VOYAGES<br />
<br />
Sont inclus dans la durée des voyages :<br />
<br />
- le jour du départ à partir de l’enregistrement<br />
<br />
- le jour du retour jusqu’à l’heure d’arrivée<br />
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Les prix sont calculés en fonction d’un nombre de nuitées, et non de journées entières.<br />
<br />
Si, en raison des horaires imposés par les compagnies aériennes ou tout autre transporteur, la première et/ou la dernière nuit se trouvaient écourtées par une arrivée tardive ou un départ matinal, aucun remboursement ne pourrait avoir lieu.<br />
<br />
En cas de panne, d’accident, d’embouteillage, de retard dus aux difficultés de circulation, nos conducteurs, accompagnateurs, ou représentants locaux feront le maximum pour éviter les perturbations dans le déroulement du programme. S’ils étaient amenés à modifier celui-ci, les clients ne pourront prétendre comme seule indemnité, qu’au remboursement des services payants prévus initialement et dont ils auraient été privés.<br />
<br />
<br />
X. MODIFICATION DES PROGRAMMES<br />
<br />
A tout moment, avant ou pendant la réalisation du voyage, lorsque surviennent certains événements imprévisibles tels que grève, retards, modification des conditions climatiques ou politiques, l’organisateur peut juger nécessaire de modifier certains éléments du programme dans l’intérêt du voyageur, notamment : l’itinéraire, le mode de transport, l’hébergement, la durée du voyage. Lorsqu’après le départ, un des éléments essentiels du contrat ne peut être exécuté, le vendeur doit, sauf impossibilité dûment justifiée, proposer à l’acheteur des prestations en remplacement de celles qui ne sont pas fournies et prendre à sa charge les suppléments de prix qui en résultent, ou rembourser la différence de prix entre les prestations prévues et fournies.<br />
<br />
<br />
XI. MODIFICATIONS / ANNULATIONS<br />
<br />
a) Par l’organisateur<br />
<br />
- Le client ne pourra prétendre à aucune indemnité, si en cours de voyage le programme est modifié dû à des circonstances de force majeure pour des raisons tenant à la sécurité des voyageurs et/ou à l’impossibilité d’accéder à une destination. Les prix sont calculés de façon forfaitaire et basés sur un certain nombre de services (location autocar, kilométrage, péages, rémunération chauffeur, hébergement, logistique avant voyage, budget de communication, …). L’agence se réserve la possibilité de modifier les lieux et les événements proposés en cas d’indisponibilité de dernière minute des prestataires ou de cas de force majeure.<br />
<br />
- Le client sera remboursé mais ne pourra prétendre à aucune indemnité, si avant le voyage celui-ci était annulé en raison d’un nombre insuffisant de participants inscrits. Les voyages sont maintenus pour un minimum de 15 personnes inscrites 7 jours avant le départ. Au mieux l'annulation ou report d'un voyage sera notifiée aux participants le lundi précédent le week-end du départ ; ou bien au plus tard 48h avant le départ. L'objectif étant de garantir le départ de chaque voyage proposé, un voyage est maintenu aussi longtemps que possible. (En cas d'annulation, les participants pourront choisir entre obtenir un remboursement ou bien reporter leur participation.)<br />
<br />
- Le client sera remboursé mais ne pourra prétendre à aucune indemnité, si avant le voyage celui-ci était annulé en raison de restrictions gouvernementales (mise en quarantaine obligatoire, interdictions d’entrée de territoire…) empêchant le bon déroulement du voyage. Le montant remboursée sera celui du prix annoncé dans le descriptif. Les frais de transaction online ou frais de dossier ne seront pas remboursées. <br />
<br />
b) Par le client<br />
<br />
L’annulation du voyage par le client est sans frais, mais impliquera la retenue de 100% du montant du voyage.<br />
<br />
Conformément à l’art.I de nos CGV, les excursions, week-ends et séjours organisés sont non-remboursables.<br />
<br />
Si le client prend la décision d’interrompre, d’abréger ou de ne pas consommer toutes prestations incluses dans son programme pour quelque cause que ce soit il ne pourra prétendre alors à aucun remboursement.<br />
<br />
Le défaut d’enregistrement des clients au lieu de départ qu’elle qu’en soit la cause sauf en cas de force majeure sera retenu comme annulation et impliquera la retenue de 100% du montant du voyage.<br />
<br />
Conformément à l’article 18 de la loi du 13 juillet, le client pourra céder son contrat à un tiers, à condition d’en informer l’agence via billetweb.fr, par écrit en informant les nom, prénom, adresse email et numéro de portable de la personne cessionnaire.<br />
<br />
Afin que la modification soit effective, la demande de modification/cession doit parvenir avant le départ, durant les jours et heures d’ouverture, au plus tard un jour avant le départ (si départ un jeudi, vendredi ou samedi) ou 2 jours avant le départ (si départ un dimanche), avant 17h.<br />
<br />
Les frais de modification/cession de contrat du fait du client s’élèvent à 10 euros par personne.<br />
<br />
Pour toutes prestations incluant un transport en avion, il sera ajouté aux frais le prix de la modification du billet d’avion imposé par la compagnie aérienne.<br />
<br />
<br />
XII. HEBERGEMENT<br />
<br />
Les prix sont calculés en nombre de nuitées. D’après les règles de l’hôtellerie internationale une nuitée s’étend de 14h00 jusqu’à 10h00 le jour suivant. Sauf mention contraire, en cas de prise de possession avant 14h ou de libération après 10h00 (dû aux horaires des bus par exemple), il se peut que l’hôtelier facture une nuitée au client quel que soit le temps passé dans la chambre.<br />
<br />
Le jour du départ et le jour du retour du voyage sont inclus dans la durée du voyage. Le premier et le dernier jour étant généralement consacrés au transport, il est expressément convenu que si, en raison des horaires imposés par les transporteurs, la première et/ou la dernière nuit se trouvaient écourtée(s) par une arrivée tardive ou un départ matinal, aucun remboursement ne pourrait avoir lieu.<br />
<br />
Le nombre d’étoiles attribuées aux établissements hôteliers correspond à une classification établie en fonction des normes locales du pays d’accueil. Ces dernières peuvent différer des normes françaises et européennes.<br />
<br />
XIII. DÉFAUT D’ENREGISTREMENT<br />
<br />
L’organisateur ne peut être tenu pour responsable du défaut d’enregistrement des clients au lieu de départ du voyage et ce, pour quelque cause que ce soit, par exemple occasionné par un retard de préacheminement aérien, ferroviaire ou terrestre, même si ce retard résulte d’un cas de force majeure, d’un cas fortuit ou du fait d’un tiers.<br />
<br />
L’organisateur ne peut être tenu responsable du défaut d’enregistrement :<br />
<br />
- Lorsque le voyageur présente des documents d’identification et/ou sanitaires périmés (carte d’identité, passeport, visa, autorisation de sortie de territoire pour les mineurs, certificat de vaccination…)<br />
<br />
- Lorsque le voyageur ne présente pas les documents d’identification et/ou sanitaires nécessaires à la réalisation de son voyage.<br />
<br />
En cas de défaut d’enregistrement du client au lieu de départ du voyage à forfait, il sera retenu 100% du montant du voyage.<br />
<br />
<br />
XIV. MESURES SANITAIRES suite au COVID-19<br />
<br />
Pour participer à nos excursions et week-ends, le PORT du MASQUE est OBLIGATOIRE (non-fourni par l’organisateur). Toute personne non-munie d'un masque se verra refuser la montée dans l'autocar (aucun report de participation, avoir ou remboursement ne sera accordé). Toute personne qui consciemment ou par négligence exposerait les autres participants à un risque de contamination durant les trajets ou les visites sera immédiatement exclue du voyage. Le fautif devra rentrer à Paris par ses propres moyens, à ses propres frais.<br />
<br />
Les transporteurs garantissent un NETTOYAGE RENFORCÉ de l'autocar AVANT et APRES chaque voyage. Dans une optique de limitation de propagation du covid-19 en général et pour faciliter le nettoyage renforcé régulier de l'autocar effectué avant et après votre voyage, pour votre sécurité sanitaire mais aussi celle des futurs participants, il est INTERDIT de laisser des DETRITUS dans l'autocar. Avant chaque descente, des vérifications seront opérées et des sanctions pécunières seront immédiatement appliquées aux fautifs irrespecteux (allant de 100€ à 150€ selon les compagnies d'autocar).<br />
<br />
Il est recommandé à chaque participant d'emmener du GEL HYDROALCOOLIQUE pour une désinfection régulière de vos mains. (Une quantité d'urgence sera mis à disposition, à nos frais, à chaque voyage.)<br />
<br />
Une DISTANCIATION SOCIALE sera mise en œuvre pour les titulaires de :<br />
<br />
- Billets SOLO : les personnes voyageant seules auront un siège libre à leur droite ou leur gauche.<br />
<br />
- Billets DUO : les personnes voyageant à 2 (couples, famille, amis proches...) seront placés côte à côte, et la rangée devant et derrière elles seront occupées par des voyageurs seuls.<br />
<br />
Nous comptons sur votre compréhension et coopération immédiate et rapide, afin que l'ensemble des participants puisse s'installer rapidement et permettre les départs d'autocar aux horaires prévus. Toute gêne occasionnant des retards de départ d'autocar impliquera une diminution de temps de visite (ou s'il s'agit du dernier trajet du jour : un retard d'arrivée à Paris).<br />
<br />
XV. ASSURANCES<br />
<br />
Les tarifs figurant dans les offres de séjours n’incluent aucune assurance<br />
<br />
Pour le moment nous ne proposons pas la gestion de mise en relation etc pour souscrire à une assurance voyage, mais vous êtes libre d’en choisir une par vous-même et d’y souscrire.<br />
<br />
L'achat des assurances voyage n'est pas obligatoire mais recommandé pour éviter tout désagrément/problème que vous pourriez rencontrer avant votre départ en voyage ou durant votre séjour.<br />
<br />
<br />
XVI. RÉCLAMATIONS<br />
<br />
Toute réclamation en cas de difficultés rencontrées lors d’un voyage (relative à une carence, suppléments demandés par un prestataire sur place, retards, etc.) sera jugée recevable uniquement sur présentation de justificatifs écrits fourni par l’un des représentants désignés de l’organisateur, soit : l’accompagnateur, le conducteur de l’autocar, l’hôtelier ou le correspondant local de l’organisateur. Une réclamation n’est recevable que si elle est adressée par courrier recommandé avec accusé de réception au plus tard dans les 15 jours suivant la date de fin des prestations. Le constat de carence devra être joint à cette lettre.<br />
<br />
Les réclamations sont à adresser par courrier recommandé avec accusé de réception à Discover and Connect SA, Str 30 Decembrie, No.10, Tirgu Jiu, Romania<br />
<br />
<br />
XVII. RESPONSABILITE DE L'ORGANISATEUR<br />
<br />
La responsabilité de Discover and Connect SA est définie par l’article 23 de la loi n°93-65 du 13 juillet 1992. Discover and Connect SA choisit avec soin les prestataires intervenants dans le cadre de ses forfaits. En cas d’inexécution ou de mauvaise exécution de tout élément entrant dans le forfait, la responsabilité de Discover and Connect SA ne saurait être engagée si cette inexécution ou mauvaise exécution est imputable à vous-même, à un cas de force majeure ou fait imprévisible et insurmontable, ou à un tiers étranger à la prestation des fournitures prévues au contrat.<br />
<br />
<br />
XVIII. RESPONSABILITÉ DES TRANSPORTEURS<br />
<br />
Les horaires et indications s’y rapportant mentionnés dans les offres de séjours sont donnés à titre purement indicatifs. Les responsabilités des compagnies de transports qui participent aux voyages organisés par l’agence sont limitées en cas de dommages, plaintes ou réclamations de toute nature, aux conditions des transports des passagers et de leurs bagages exclusivement. L’agence ne saurait voir sa responsabilité se substituer à celle des transporteurs français ou étrangers assurant les transferts ou transports de passagers et bagages.<br />
<br />
Par ailleurs, nous attirons votre attention sur les circonstances suivantes, qui sont de nature à limiter la responsabilité de l’agence dans la réalisation de votre voyage : les contraintes spécifiques du transport, liées à l’encombrement des voies terrestres et espace aérien, aux règles d’amplitude de conduite et de navigation aérienne, au délai de traitement des appareils sur les aéroports..., subordonné au souci essentiel de la sécurité des passagers transportés, peuvent entraîner les compagnies à modifier les horaires prévisionnels.. De ce fait, toute irrégularité de trafic ne saurait engager la responsabilité de l’agence.<br />
<br />
<br />
XIX. PROPRIETE INTELLECTUELLE<br />
<br />
Tous les documents, informations, textes, photographies, images, icônes, sons, vidéos, logiciel, base de données, données graphiques, ou tout autre contenu diffusé sur le site, sont protégés au titre du droit d’auteur et de la propriété intellectuelle pour le monde entier. Conformément au Code de la propriété Intellectuelle français, seule l’utilisation pour un usage privatif est autorisée, sous réserve de dispositions légales ou réglementaires applicables plus restrictives. Toute autre utilisation est susceptible d’être qualifiée de contrefaçon et sanctionnée par les tribunaux français compétents.<br />
<br />
<br />
XX. DROIT APPLICABLE<br />
<br />
Discover and Connect SA est une société de droit français. Les conditions de vente sont soumises au droit français. La loi applicable à nos relations est la loi française. En cas de litige entre les parties signataires du présent contrat relatif à son interprétation ou à son exécution, il est expressément convenu que seuls les Tribunaux de Paris seront compétents.<br />
<br />
<br />
==In English==<br />
<br />
===Preamble===<br />
<br />
The stay offers covered by these terms and conditions are proposed by the travel agency: Discover and Connect SA Registration Number: C.I.F. RO36440797 R.C. J40/11079/2016<br />
<br />
We invite you to carefully read the general terms and conditions of sale as well as the specific terms and conditions of sale.<br />
<br />
===General Terms and Conditions of Sale===<br />
<br />
Registering for a trip with Discover and Connect SA implies adherence to all legal provisions specified by Directive (EU) 2015/2302 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 November 2015 on package travel and linked travel arrangements.<br />
<br />
===Specific Conditions===<br />
<br />
I. NO RIGHT OF WITHDRAWAL<br />
<br />
In accordance with Articles L.121-18-4° and L.121-21-8 of the Consumer Code, you do not have a right of withdrawal after having accepted this contract.<br />
<br />
Therefore, no requests for refunds, credits, exchanges, or postponements will be accepted. However, the transfer of tickets as indicated in Article XI. b) is possible.<br />
<br />
II. RESERVATION PROCEDURES<br />
<br />
a) Online:<br />
<br />
Step 1 - Travel Offer – Preliminary Information<br />
<br />
The customer makes their travel choice from the website or other communication channels (Facebook, Meetup, etc.).<br />
<br />
The descriptions of the stays are carefully established, but we cannot be held responsible for any changes that have occurred since the trip was posted on our site. Prices, schedules, and itineraries mentioned are not contractual and may be modified.<br />
<br />
Step 2 - Reservation<br />
<br />
If available according to the client's travel choice, the client makes their reservation on an external ticketing service (third-party service: billetweb.fr) where they can select the desired number of places and the current rate.<br />
<br />
Step 3 - Contact Information Page<br />
<br />
The client provides their contact details, name, first name, and title. To continue their reservation, the client must accept the general and specific terms and conditions of sale.<br />
<br />
Accepting all terms and conditions of sale is mandatory for any reservation. Checking the corresponding box constitutes acceptance.<br />
<br />
Step 4 - Payment and Reservation Validation Page<br />
<br />
In accordance with Article 1369-4 of the Civil Code, the payment page allows reviewing the entire reservation and the information entered or selected by the client. The client can return to the previous forms to correct their selections or entry.<br />
<br />
The client selects their payment method from those offered. To confirm their reservation, the client validates their payment.<br />
<br />
Entering payment information, validating the information, and displaying the confirmation conclude the sales contract and the reservation.<br />
<br />
The client acknowledges having the capacity to contract under the conditions described, that is to say, being of legal age, legally capable of contracting, and not being under guardianship or curatorship. The client guarantees the truthfulness and accuracy of the information provided by themselves or by any other person making the order on their behalf and for their account.<br />
<br />
Warning: Reminder of the terms of Article 313-1 of the French New Penal Code:<br />
<br />
"Fraud is the act of deceiving a physical or moral person by using a false name or a false quality, or by abusing a true quality, or by employing fraudulent maneuvers, thereby inducing them, to their detriment or to the detriment of a third party, to hand over funds, securities, or any property, to provide a service or to consent to an act entailing an obligation or discharge. Fraud is punishable by five years' imprisonment and a €375,000 fine."<br />
<br />
Step 5 - Confirmation Page<br />
<br />
The reservation is considered confirmed if the payment is accepted and if the organizer can confirm it. A confirmation email is sent to the client summarizing the reservation. The order confirmation acts as a registration form, it is sent to the client at the email address provided during the reservation. The client accepts the use of email for the conclusion of the contract or for the transmission of information related to the execution of their contract, in accordance with Article 1369-2 of the Civil Code.<br />
<br />
b) • By check or in cash by appointment. (Payment methods unavailable until the physical reopening of our office. Our teams are working remotely as recommended by the State during these times of covid-19. Thank you for your understanding.)<br />
<br />
III. PAYMENT IN INSTALLMENTS<br />
<br />
In the exceptional case where some trips allow for reservation in installments, the payment of a deposit guarantees your reservation until full payment and commits you to pay the balance according to the specific conditions indicated for the trip (generally 4 to 6 weeks before departure). Whether the full payment has been made at once or in installments, you are bound in the same way: you do not have a right of withdrawal. In accordance with Article L.121-18-4° of the Consumer Code, you do not have a right of withdrawal after having accepted this contract. Since the payment of a deposit commits you to pay the balance, the deposit is non-refundable. In case of non-payment of the balance within the agreed deadlines, you will no<br />
<br />
longer be able to participate in the trip, and your deposit will not be refunded.<br />
<br />
IV. FORMALITIES<br />
<br />
For all trips, participants must be in possession of the mandatory documents necessary for entry into the destination country or for transit through any potential transit countries: valid passport or national identity card, parental authorization, family record books, visa...<br />
<br />
We invite French nationals to consult the website <nowiki>http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr</nowiki> to check the necessary formalities. We invite foreign nationals to consult the competent authorities (consulate, embassy...) to know the stay modalities for the destinations and potential transits and to verify the validity of the documents and vaccines.<br />
<br />
The accomplishment of formalities is the responsibility of the client who must ensure before their departure of any possible changes. The trip cannot be refunded when the participant, due to the non-presentation of valid documents (passport, visa, ...) finds themselves unable to depart on the indicated date or to enter the territory of destination or transit. The costs will remain at the client's expense.<br />
<br />
V. FITNESS FOR TRAVEL<br />
<br />
We reserve the right to advise against the registration of any traveler whose physical or psychological state does not seem compatible with the type of trip chosen. Each traveler is individually responsible for their actions and is required to check their physical condition before departure and to bring their usual treatments. Clients participating in one of our trips commit to respecting the schedules and programs. Otherwise, they will personally assume the additional costs.<br />
<br />
VI. PRICE<br />
<br />
The price and availability are guaranteed only at the time of reservation and at the rate in effect at the time of the reservation. The description of the trip or stay indicates the basic services included in the proposed package prices. All our prices are indicated in euros and include VAT.<br />
<br />
Prices have been established based on the economic conditions in force at the time of setting the rates. In case of a change in these conditions, especially those related to the price of fuel, airfare rates, exchange rates, and legal or regulatory taxes, the organizer reserves the right to modify the sales prices.<br />
<br />
Unless otherwise mentioned in the offer description, prices do not include:<br />
<br />
- Any possible departure taxes (to be paid on-site in cash), stay taxes for France.<br />
<br />
- Visa fees and those related to administrative and health formalities necessary for the trip (vaccinations, medical treatments, etc.), and all personal expenses (laundry, telephone, tips,…)<br />
<br />
- Optional tours and excursions, museum and site entries, paid activities. In accordance with Article 19 of the law of 13 July 1992, we reserve the right, more than 30 days before departure, to modify our prices both upwards and downwards in case of significant variations between the day of registration and the day of departure in the cost of transportation.<br />
<br />
VII. PROMOTIONS AND SPECIAL OFFERS<br />
<br />
Promotions, special offers, and last-minute deals are non-retroactive, non-cumulative, and subject to conditions. The displayed rates already take into account discounts. Offers are valid subject to availability and within a given period.<br />
<br />
VIII. PAYMENT CONDITIONS<br />
<br />
Distance selling payment is made exclusively by credit card, the list of which is presented on the payment form of the ticketing service.<br />
<br />
The online payment service is reserved exclusively for holders of a valid credit card.<br />
<br />
Attention: the organizer, actively participating in the fight against credit card fraud, may ask the client by any means for a photocopy of the credit card used for the payment of the order as well as that of the passport and/or identity card of the cardholder, and that of the passenger.<br />
<br />
Based on Article L.132.2 of the French Monetary and Financial Code, the commitment to pay made using a payment card is irrevocable. Opposition to payment can only be made in the event of loss, theft, or fraudulent use of the card. Outside of these cases strictly admitted by the legislator, the cardholder is guilty of credit card fraud. The right to oppose payment cannot be used to compensate for the lack of a right of withdrawal applicable in the tourism sector.<br />
<br />
In the case where a defaulting client's services are not paid within the set deadline and in any case before departure, the provision of services and travel documents would be suspended as of right, and the costs incurred would be charged to the defaulting client. The confirmation of a reservation commits the organizer only under the condition of payment of the services provided and this within the initially set deadlines. Any delay or postponement of the deadline gives the organizer the right to a late payment penalty as provided in the general terms and conditions of sale, which cannot be less than 2% of the sum due per month of delay.<br />
<br />
IX. DURATION OF TRIPS<br />
<br />
Included in the duration of trips:<br />
<br />
- the day of departure from the time of check-in<br />
<br />
- the day of return until the time of arrival<br />
<br />
Prices are calculated based on the number of overnight stays, not full days.<br />
<br />
If, due to the schedules imposed by airlines or any other carrier, the first and/or last night<br />
<br />
were shortened by a late arrival or an early departure, no refund could take place.<br />
<br />
In case of breakdown, accident, traffic jam, or delay due to traffic difficulties, our drivers, guides, or local representatives will do their utmost to avoid disruptions in the program's progress. If they were led to modify it, clients could only claim as sole compensation, the refund of the initially planned and paid services from which they were deprived.<br />
<br />
X. PROGRAM MODIFICATIONS<br />
<br />
At any time, before or during the realization of the trip, when certain unforeseeable events such as strikes, delays, changes in weather or political conditions occur, the organizer may deem it necessary to modify certain elements of the program in the traveler's interest, including: the itinerary, mode of transport, accommodation, duration of the trip. When, after departure, one of the essential elements of the contract cannot be executed, the seller must, unless duly justified impossibility, offer the buyer services in replacement of those not provided and bear any resulting price supplements, or reimburse the difference in price between the services planned and provided.<br />
<br />
XI. MODIFICATIONS / CANCELLATIONS<br />
<br />
a) By the organizer<br />
<br />
- The client cannot claim any compensation if, during the trip, the program is modified due to force majeure reasons related to the safety of travelers and/or the impossibility of accessing a destination. The prices are calculated on a flat-rate basis and based on a certain number of services (coach rental, mileage, tolls, driver's pay, accommodation, pre-trip logistics, communication budget, ...). The agency reserves the right to modify the places and events offered in case of last-minute unavailability of providers or force majeure.<br />
<br />
- The client will be refunded but cannot claim any compensation if, before the trip, it was canceled due to an insufficient number of registered participants. Trips are maintained for a minimum of 15 people registered 7 days before departure. At best, the cancellation or postponement of a trip will be notified to participants the Monday preceding the weekend of departure; or at the latest 48 hours before departure. The goal being to guarantee the departure of each trip offered, a trip is maintained as long as possible. (In case of cancellation, participants can choose between obtaining a refund or postponing their participation.)<br />
<br />
- The client will be refunded but cannot claim any compensation if, before the trip, it was canceled due to government restrictions (mandatory quarantine, entry bans...) preventing the proper conduct of the trip. The amount refunded will be that of the price announced in the description. Online transaction fees or handling fees will not be refunded.<br />
<br />
b) By the client<br />
<br />
The cancellation of the trip by the client is without charge, but will involve the retention of 100% of the amount of the trip.<br />
<br />
In accordance with Art.I of our GTC, organized excursions, weekends, and stays are non-refundable.<br />
<br />
If the client decides to interrupt, shorten, or not consume all the services included in their program for whatever reason, they cannot then claim any refund.<br />
<br />
Failure to register clients at the departure location for whatever reason except in case of force majeure will be considered as cancellation and will involve the retention of 100% of the amount of the trip.<br />
<br />
In accordance with Article 18 of the law of 13 July, the client may transfer their contract to a third party, provided they inform the agency via billetweb.fr, in writing by informing the name, first name, email address, and mobile phone number of the transferee.<br />
<br />
For the modification to be effective, the request for modification/transfer must be received before departure, during opening days and hours, at the latest one day before departure (if departure on a Thursday, Friday, or Saturday) or 2 days before departure (if departure on a Sunday), before 5 pm.<br />
<br />
The fees for contract modification/transfer by the client amount to 10 euros per person.<br />
<br />
For all services including air transport, the price of the flight ticket modification imposed by the airline will be added to the fees.<br />
<br />
XII. ACCOMMODATION<br />
<br />
Prices are calculated based on the number of overnight stays. According to international hotel rules, an overnight stay extends from 2 pm until 10 am the following day. Unless otherwise mentioned, in case of possession before 2 pm or release after 10 am (due to bus schedules, for example), the hotelier may charge a night to the client regardless of the time spent in the room.<br />
<br />
The day of departure and the day of return of the trip are included in the duration of the trip. The first and last day being generally dedicated to transport, it is expressly agreed that if, due to the schedules imposed by the carriers, the first and/or last night were shortened by a late arrival or an early departure, no refund could take place.<br />
<br />
The number of stars attributed to hotel establishments corresponds to a classification established based on the local standards of the host country. These may differ from French and European standards.<br />
<br />
XIII. FAILURE TO CHECK-IN<br />
<br />
The organizer cannot be held responsible for the<br />
<br />
failure of clients to check in at the departure location of the trip for whatever reason, for example, caused by a delay in air, rail, or land pre-routing, even if this delay results from force majeure, a fortuitous event, or the act of a third party.<br />
<br />
The organizer cannot be held responsible for the failure to check in:<br />
<br />
- When the traveler presents expired identification and/or health documents (identity card, passport, visa, exit authorization for minors, vaccination certificate…)<br />
<br />
- When the traveler does not present the necessary identification and/or health documents for their trip.<br />
<br />
In case of failure of the client to check in at the departure location of the package trip, 100% of the amount of the trip will be retained.<br />
<br />
XIV. HEALTH MEASURES following COVID-19<br />
<br />
To participate in our excursions and weekends, WEARING a MASK is MANDATORY (not provided by the organizer). Anyone not equipped with a mask will be refused entry onto the coach (no postponement of participation, credit, or refund will be granted). Anyone who knowingly or negligently exposes other participants to a risk of contamination during journeys or visits will be immediately excluded from the trip. The offender will have to return to Paris by their own means, at their own expense.<br />
<br />
Transporters guarantee ENHANCED CLEANING of the coach BEFORE and AFTER each trip. In a bid to limit the spread of covid-19 in general and to facilitate the regular enhanced cleaning of the coach carried out before and after your trip, for your health safety but also that of future participants, it is FORBIDDEN to leave TRASH in the coach. Before each descent, checks will be carried out and pecuniary sanctions will be immediately applied to disrespectful offenders (ranging from 100€ to 150€ depending on the coach companies).<br />
<br />
It is recommended that each participant bring HYDROALCOHOLIC GEL for regular hand disinfection. (An emergency quantity will be made available, at our expense, on each trip.)<br />
<br />
SOCIAL DISTANCING will be implemented for holders of:<br />
<br />
- SOLO tickets: individuals traveling alone will have a free seat to their right or left.<br />
<br />
- DUO tickets: people traveling in 2 (couples, family, close friends...) will be placed side by side, and the row in front and behind them will be occupied by solo travelers.<br />
<br />
We count on your immediate and quick understanding and cooperation, so that all participants can settle quickly and allow the coach departures at the scheduled times. Any inconvenience causing delays in coach departures will result in a reduction in visiting time (or if it is the last trip of the day: a delay in arrival in Paris).<br />
<br />
XV. INSURANCE<br />
<br />
The rates shown in the stay offers do not include any insurance<br />
<br />
For now, we do not offer management of connections etc to subscribe to travel insurance, but you are free to choose one yourself and subscribe to it.<br />
<br />
The purchase of travel insurance is not mandatory but recommended to avoid any inconvenience/problem you might encounter before your departure on a trip or during your stay.<br />
<br />
XVI. CLAIMS<br />
<br />
Any claim in case of difficulties encountered during a trip (related to a deficiency, supplements requested by a provider on site, delays, etc.) will be deemed admissible only upon presentation of written justifications provided by one of the organizer's designated representatives, namely: the guide, the coach driver, the hotelier, or the local correspondent of the organizer. A claim is admissible only if it is sent by registered mail with acknowledgment of receipt no later than 15 days after the end date of the services. The deficiency report must be attached to this letter.<br />
<br />
Claims are to be sent by registered mail with acknowledgment of receipt to Discover and Connect SA, Str 30 Decembrie, No.10, Tirgu Jiu, Romania<br />
<br />
XVII. ORGANIZER'S LIABILITY<br />
<br />
The liability of Discover and Connect SA is defined by Article 23 of Law No. 93-65 of 13 July 1992. Discover and Connect SA carefully selects the providers involved in its packages. In the event of non-performance or poor performance of any element included in the package, the liability of Discover and Connect SA cannot be engaged if this non-performance or poor performance is attributable to yourself, to force majeure or to an unforeseeable and insurmountable event, or to a third party unconnected with the provision of services provided for in the contract.<br />
<br />
XVIII. CARRIERS' LIABILITY<br />
<br />
The schedules and related indications mentioned in the stay offers are given for informational purposes only. The responsibilities of transport companies participating in trips organized by the agency are limited in case of damages, complaints, or claims of any kind, to the conditions of passenger and baggage transport exclusively. The agency's liability cannot substitute for that of French or foreign carriers ensuring the transfers or transport of passengers and baggage.<br />
<br />
Furthermore, we draw your attention to the following circumstances, which are likely to limit the agency's liability in the realization of your trip: specific constraints of transport, related<br />
<br />
to the congestion of land routes and airspace, to driving and air navigation rules, to the processing time of aircraft at airports..., subordinated to the essential concern for the safety of transported passengers, may lead companies to modify the provisional schedules. Therefore, any traffic irregularity cannot engage the agency's liability.<br />
<br />
XIX. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY<br />
<br />
All documents, information, texts, photographs, images, icons, sounds, videos, software, databases, graphic data, or any other content broadcast on the site are protected under copyright and intellectual property rights worldwide. In accordance with the French Intellectual Property Code, only use for private purposes is authorized, subject to more restrictive legal or regulatory provisions applicable. Any other use may be considered as infringement and prosecuted by the competent French courts.<br />
<br />
XX. APPLICABLE LAW<br />
<br />
Discover and Connect SA is a French law company. The terms and conditions of sale are subject to French law. The applicable law to our relations is French law. In case of a dispute between the parties signing this contract relating to its interpretation or execution, it is expressly agreed that only the Courts of Paris will have jurisdiction.</div>Vincenthttps://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/Iranian-persian/Vocabulary/Bird&diff=291084Language/Iranian-persian/Vocabulary/Bird2024-02-16T11:14:32Z<p>Vincent: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:birds-iranian-polyglotclub.jpg|thumb]]<br />
[[File:Persian-Language-PolyglotClub.png|thumb]]<br />
There are many bird species in Iran. There are 560 of them. If you like birds or if you simply want to know the names of the main birds in Iranian, this lesson is for you!<br />
<br />
__TOC__<br />
<br />
Take a moment to explore these relevant pages as you conclude this lesson: [[Language/Iranian-persian/Vocabulary/Bathroom|Bathroom]], [[Language/Iranian-persian/Vocabulary/Months-of-the-Year|Months of the Year]], [[Language/Iranian-persian/Vocabulary/Nut|Nut]] & [[Language/Iranian-persian/Vocabulary/Christmas|Christmas]].<br />
==List of birds in Persian==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
!'''Bird name'''<br />
!'''In Persian'''<br />
!Transliteration <br />
!IPA<br />
|-<br />
|swan<br />
|قو<br />
|Ghu <br />
|[ɣu:]<br />
|-<br />
|Nightingale<br />
|بُلبُل<br />
|Bolbol <br />
|[bol-bol]<br />
|-<br />
|Eagle<br />
|عُقاب<br />
|Oghab <br />
|[oɣa:b]<br />
|-<br />
|Vulture<br />
|کَرکَس<br />
|Karkas <br />
|[kær-kæs]<br />
|-<br />
|Ostrich<br />
|شُتُرمُرغ<br />
|Shotor morgh <br />
|[ʃotor-morɣ]<br />
|-<br />
|Duck<br />
|اُردَک<br />
|Ordak <br />
|[ordæk]<br />
|-<br />
|Pigeons<br />
|کَبوتَر<br />
|Kabootar <br />
|[kæbu:tær]<br />
|-<br />
|Swallow<br />
|پَرَستو<br />
|Parastoo <br />
|[pæræstu:]<br />
|-<br />
|Cock<br />
|خُروس<br />
|Khoroos <br />
|[Xoru:s]<br />
|-<br />
|Owl<br />
|جُغد<br />
|Joghd <br />
|[d͡ʒoɣ-d]<br />
|-<br />
|Magpie<br />
|زاغ<br />
|Zagh <br />
|[zaɣ]<br />
|-<br />
|Peacock<br />
|طاووس<br />
|Tavoos <br />
|[ta:vu:s]<br />
|-<br />
|Canary<br />
| قَناری<br />
|Ghanary <br />
|[ɣæna:ri]<br />
|-<br />
|Sparrow<br />
| گُنجِشک<br />
|Gonjeshk <br />
|[gond͡ʒeʃ-k]<br />
|-<br />
|Turkey<br />
| بوقَلَمون<br />
|Booghalamoon <br />
|[bu:ɣælæmu:n]<br />
|-<br />
|Hen<br />
| مُرغ<br />
|Morgh <br />
|[morɣ]<br />
|-<br />
|Partridge<br />
| کَبک<br />
|Kabk <br />
|[kæb-k]<br />
|-<br />
|Crow<br />
| کَلاغ<br />
|Kalagh <br />
|[kæla:ɣ]<br />
|-<br />
|Quail<br />
| بِلدِرچین<br />
|Belderchin <br />
|[bel-der-t͡ʃin]<br />
|-<br />
|Crane<br />
| دُرنا<br />
|Dorna <br />
|[dorna:]<br />
|-<br />
|Goose<br />
| غاز<br />
|Ghaz <br />
|[ɣa:z]<br />
|-<br />
|Woodpecker<br />
| دارکوب<br />
|Darkoob <br />
|[da:r-ku:b]<br />
|-<br />
|Robin<br />
| سینه سُرخ<br />
|Sineh sorkh <br />
|[sineh-sorx]<br />
|-<br />
|Flamingo<br />
|فِلامینگو<br />
|Flamingo <br />
|[fla:mingo]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Proverbs==<br />
===Kill two bird with one stone===<br />
با یک تیر دو نشان زدن<br />
===Birds of a feather flock together===<br />
پرنده با پرنده باز با باز کند همجنس با همجنس پرواز<br />
<br />
===The ostrich was asked to carry a load, it said. I’m a bird. It was asked to fly, it said, I’m a camel===<br />
به شترمرغ گفتن بار ببر گفت من مرغم گفتن خب پرواز کن گفت من شترم<br />
<br />
===A needle for an elephant, a club for an ant===<br />
سوزن به شتر، گرز به مور<br />
<br />
===The cat dreams of meat===<br />
گربه خواب گوشت میبیند<br />
<br />
===Even a lion will eat flies when it has no food===<br />
شیر هم وقتی غذایی ندارد، مگس میخورد<br />
<br />
===The fox, when it ages, becomes a prophet===<br />
روباه وقتی پیر میشود، نبی میشود<br />
<br />
===Don't take the silence of the rabbit as proof of its stupidity===<br />
سکوت خرگوش را به حساب نادانی او نگذار<br />
<br />
==Videos==<br />
Birds and other animals in Iranian Persian - Pronunciation by a Native Speaker:<br />
<youtube>il-SP_2vQLA</youtube><br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
* https://www.inaturalist.org/projects/birds-of-iran<br />
<br />
==Other Lessons==<br />
* [[Language/Iranian-persian/Vocabulary/Most-common-Firefighting|Most common Firefighting]]<br />
* [[Language/Iranian-persian/Vocabulary/Best-Songs-to-Learn|Best Songs to Learn]]<br />
* [[Language/Iranian-persian/Vocabulary/Dinner-Table|Dinner Table]]<br />
* [[Language/Iranian-persian/Vocabulary/Idiomatic-Expressions|Idiomatic Expressions]]<br />
* [[Language/Iranian-persian/Vocabulary/School|School]]<br />
* [[Language/Iranian-persian/Vocabulary/Winter|Winter]]<br />
* [[Language/Iranian-persian/Vocabulary/Election|Election]]<br />
* [[Language/Iranian-persian/Vocabulary/Drinks|Drinks]]<br />
* [[Language/Iranian-persian/Vocabulary/Type-and-look|Type and look]]<br />
* [[Language/Iranian-persian/Vocabulary/Slang|Slang]]<br />
<span links></span></div>Vincenthttps://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/Central-khmer/Grammar/Pronouns&diff=291083Language/Central-khmer/Grammar/Pronouns2024-02-16T11:12:58Z<p>Vincent: /* Indefinite Pronouns */</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
{{Central-khmer-Page-Top}}<br />
<br />
<div class="pg_page_title">Central Khmer Grammar - Pronouns</div><br />
<br />
Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/central-khmer Central Khmer] learners! 😊<br><br />
In this lesson, we will learn about Central Khmer pronouns, which are words that replace nouns. They help us avoid repetition and make sentences sound more natural. Pronouns are used in daily conversation, writing, and formal speeches. They are essential in any language for fluent communication. <br />
<br />
__TOC__<br />
<br />
<br />
<span link>Don't miss the chance to check out these pages as you wrap up this lesson: [[Language/Central-khmer/Grammar/Describing-Actions-and-States|Describing Actions and States]] & [[Language/Central-khmer/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be|How to Use Be]].</span> <br />
<br />
== Personal Pronouns ==<br />
<br />
Personal pronouns in Central Khmer do not change based on gender but may vary with the level of formality and social hierarchy. Here's a corrected table of personal pronouns:<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Central Khmer !! Pronunciation !! English<br />
|-<br />
| ខ្ញុំ || khnhom || I/me<br />
|-<br />
| អ្នក || neak || you (singular/formal)<br />
|-<br />
| គាត់ || keat || he/she/it (formal)<br />
|-<br />
| យើង || yeung || we/us<br />
|-<br />
| ពួកយើង || puok yeung || you (plural)<br />
|-<br />
| ពួកគាត់ || puok keat || they/them<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
== Possessive Pronouns ==<br />
<br />
Possessive pronouns in Khmer follow the structure of personal pronouns with the addition of "របស់" (robos) to denote possession. Here's a corrected version:<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Central Khmer !! Pronunciation !! English<br />
|-<br />
| របស់ខ្ញុំ || robos khnhom || my/mine<br />
|-<br />
| របស់អ្នក || robos neak || your(s)<br />
|-<br />
| របស់គាត់ || robos keat || his/hers/its<br />
|-<br />
| របស់យើង || robos yeung || our(s)<br />
|-<br />
| របស់ពួកយើង || robos puok yeung || your(s) (plural)<br />
|-<br />
| របស់ពួកគាត់ || robos puok keat || their(s)<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
== Reflexive Pronouns ==<br />
<br />
Reflexive pronouns in Central Khmer are formed by adding "ខ្លួន" (kloun) to the respective personal pronoun, not "ឯង (eang)" as previously stated. Here's the corrected version:<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Central Khmer !! Pronunciation !! English<br />
|-<br />
| ខ្ញុំខ្លួន || khnhom kloun || myself<br />
|-<br />
| អ្នកខ្លួន || neak kloun || yourself<br />
|-<br />
| គាត់ខ្លួន || keat kloun || himself/herself/itself<br />
|-<br />
| យើងខ្លួន || yeung kloun || ourselves<br />
|-<br />
| ពួកយើងខ្លួន || puok yeung kloun || yourselves (plural)<br />
|-<br />
| ពួកគាត់ខ្លួន || puok keat kloun || themselves<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Demonstrative Pronouns ==<br />
<br />
Demonstrative pronouns are correctly noted in the original lesson, but here's a slight clarification for better understanding:<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Central Khmer !! Pronunciation !! English<br />
|-<br />
| នេះ || nih || this/these<br />
|-<br />
| នោះ || noh || that/those<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
== Indefinite Pronouns ==<br />
<br />
The lesson on indefinite pronouns was somewhat misleading. Here's a simplified and corrected table:<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Central Khmer !! Pronunciation !! English<br />
|-<br />
| មនុស្សម្នាក ់ណាមួយ || monus menak na mouy || someone<br />
|-<br />
| អ្វីមួយ || avei mouy || something<br />
|-<br />
| គ្រប់គ្នា || krob knie || everyone/everything<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Interrogative Pronouns ==<br />
<br />
Interrogative pronouns in Central Khmer include words for asking about people, things, places, and reasons. Here's a corrected and expanded list:<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Central Khmer !! Pronunciation !! English<br />
|-<br />
| អ្វី || avei || What?<br />
|-<br />
| នរណា || nor na || Who?<br />
|-<br />
| តើ || tae || (used for forming questions, not a standalone pronoun)<br />
|-<br />
| ហេតុអ្វី || het avei || Why?<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
To improve your [[Language/Central-khmer|Central Khmer]] [[Language/Central-khmer/Grammar|Grammar]], you can also use the [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] website. [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=25 Find native speakers] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/central-khmer/question questions]!<br />
<br />
== Sources ==<br />
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khmer_language Khmer Language]<br />
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodian_pronouns Cambodian Pronouns]<br />
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Possessive_pronoun Possessive Pronoun]<br />
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indefinite_pronoun Indefinite Pronouns]<br />
<br />
{{#seo:<br />
|title=Central Khmer Grammar - Pronouns<br />
|keywords=Central Khmer, Pronouns, Personal Pronouns, Possessive Pronouns, Reflexive Pronouns, Demonstrative Pronouns, Interrogative Pronouns<br />
|description=In this lesson, you will learn about Central Khmer pronouns, their usage, and some examples of how they are used in conversation.}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Other Lessons==<br />
* [[Language/Central-khmer/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be|How to Use Be]]<br />
* [[Language/Central-khmer/Grammar/Gender|Gender]]<br />
* [[Language/Central-khmer/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]<br />
* [[Language/Central-khmer/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]]<br />
* [[Language/Central-khmer/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]<br />
* [[Language/Central-khmer/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]]<br />
* [[Language/Central-khmer/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]<br />
* [[Language/Central-khmer/Grammar/Give-your-Opinion|Give your Opinion]]<br />
* [[Language/Central-khmer/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]<br />
<br />
{{Central-khmer-Page-Bottom}}<br />
<span links></span></div>Vincenthttps://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/Central-khmer/Grammar/Pronouns&diff=291082Language/Central-khmer/Grammar/Pronouns2024-02-16T11:12:19Z<p>Vincent: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
{{Central-khmer-Page-Top}}<br />
<br />
<div class="pg_page_title">Central Khmer Grammar - Pronouns</div><br />
<br />
Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/central-khmer Central Khmer] learners! 😊<br><br />
In this lesson, we will learn about Central Khmer pronouns, which are words that replace nouns. They help us avoid repetition and make sentences sound more natural. Pronouns are used in daily conversation, writing, and formal speeches. They are essential in any language for fluent communication. <br />
<br />
__TOC__<br />
<br />
<br />
<span link>Don't miss the chance to check out these pages as you wrap up this lesson: [[Language/Central-khmer/Grammar/Describing-Actions-and-States|Describing Actions and States]] & [[Language/Central-khmer/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be|How to Use Be]].</span> <br />
<br />
== Personal Pronouns ==<br />
<br />
Personal pronouns in Central Khmer do not change based on gender but may vary with the level of formality and social hierarchy. Here's a corrected table of personal pronouns:<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Central Khmer !! Pronunciation !! English<br />
|-<br />
| ខ្ញុំ || khnhom || I/me<br />
|-<br />
| អ្នក || neak || you (singular/formal)<br />
|-<br />
| គាត់ || keat || he/she/it (formal)<br />
|-<br />
| យើង || yeung || we/us<br />
|-<br />
| ពួកយើង || puok yeung || you (plural)<br />
|-<br />
| ពួកគាត់ || puok keat || they/them<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
== Possessive Pronouns ==<br />
<br />
Possessive pronouns in Khmer follow the structure of personal pronouns with the addition of "របស់" (robos) to denote possession. Here's a corrected version:<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Central Khmer !! Pronunciation !! English<br />
|-<br />
| របស់ខ្ញុំ || robos khnhom || my/mine<br />
|-<br />
| របស់អ្នក || robos neak || your(s)<br />
|-<br />
| របស់គាត់ || robos keat || his/hers/its<br />
|-<br />
| របស់យើង || robos yeung || our(s)<br />
|-<br />
| របស់ពួកយើង || robos puok yeung || your(s) (plural)<br />
|-<br />
| របស់ពួកគាត់ || robos puok keat || their(s)<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
== Reflexive Pronouns ==<br />
<br />
Reflexive pronouns in Central Khmer are formed by adding "ខ្លួន" (kloun) to the respective personal pronoun, not "ឯង (eang)" as previously stated. Here's the corrected version:<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Central Khmer !! Pronunciation !! English<br />
|-<br />
| ខ្ញុំខ្លួន || khnhom kloun || myself<br />
|-<br />
| អ្នកខ្លួន || neak kloun || yourself<br />
|-<br />
| គាត់ខ្លួន || keat kloun || himself/herself/itself<br />
|-<br />
| យើងខ្លួន || yeung kloun || ourselves<br />
|-<br />
| ពួកយើងខ្លួន || puok yeung kloun || yourselves (plural)<br />
|-<br />
| ពួកគាត់ខ្លួន || puok keat kloun || themselves<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Demonstrative Pronouns ==<br />
<br />
Demonstrative pronouns are correctly noted in the original lesson, but here's a slight clarification for better understanding:<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Central Khmer !! Pronunciation !! English<br />
|-<br />
| នេះ || nih || this/these<br />
|-<br />
| នោះ || noh || that/those<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
== Indefinite Pronouns ==<br />
<br />
The lesson on indefinite pronouns was somewhat misleading. Here's a simplified and corrected table:<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Central Khmer !! Pronunciation !! English<br />
|-<br />
| មនុស្សម្នាក<br />
<br />
់ណាមួយ || monus menak na mouy || someone<br />
|-<br />
| អ្វីមួយ || avei mouy || something<br />
|-<br />
| គ្រប់គ្នា || krob knie || everyone/everything<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
== Interrogative Pronouns ==<br />
<br />
Interrogative pronouns in Central Khmer include words for asking about people, things, places, and reasons. Here's a corrected and expanded list:<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Central Khmer !! Pronunciation !! English<br />
|-<br />
| អ្វី || avei || What?<br />
|-<br />
| នរណា || nor na || Who?<br />
|-<br />
| តើ || tae || (used for forming questions, not a standalone pronoun)<br />
|-<br />
| ហេតុអ្វី || het avei || Why?<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
To improve your [[Language/Central-khmer|Central Khmer]] [[Language/Central-khmer/Grammar|Grammar]], you can also use the [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] website. [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=25 Find native speakers] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/central-khmer/question questions]!<br />
<br />
== Sources ==<br />
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khmer_language Khmer Language]<br />
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodian_pronouns Cambodian Pronouns]<br />
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Possessive_pronoun Possessive Pronoun]<br />
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indefinite_pronoun Indefinite Pronouns]<br />
<br />
{{#seo:<br />
|title=Central Khmer Grammar - Pronouns<br />
|keywords=Central Khmer, Pronouns, Personal Pronouns, Possessive Pronouns, Reflexive Pronouns, Demonstrative Pronouns, Interrogative Pronouns<br />
|description=In this lesson, you will learn about Central Khmer pronouns, their usage, and some examples of how they are used in conversation.}<br />
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<br />
==Other Lessons==<br />
* [[Language/Central-khmer/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be|How to Use Be]]<br />
* [[Language/Central-khmer/Grammar/Gender|Gender]]<br />
* [[Language/Central-khmer/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]<br />
* [[Language/Central-khmer/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]]<br />
* [[Language/Central-khmer/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]<br />
* [[Language/Central-khmer/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]]<br />
* [[Language/Central-khmer/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]<br />
* [[Language/Central-khmer/Grammar/Give-your-Opinion|Give your Opinion]]<br />
* [[Language/Central-khmer/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]<br />
<br />
{{Central-khmer-Page-Bottom}}<br />
<span links></span></div>Vincenthttps://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/Iranian-persian/Vocabulary/Bird&diff=291081Language/Iranian-persian/Vocabulary/Bird2024-02-16T11:08:10Z<p>Vincent: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:birds-iranian-polyglotclub.jpg|thumb]]<br />
[[File:Persian-Language-PolyglotClub.png|thumb]]<br />
There are many bird species in Iran. There are 560 of them. If you like birds or if you simply want to know the names of the main birds in Iranian, this lesson is for you!<br />
<br />
__TOC__<br />
<br />
Take a moment to explore these relevant pages as you conclude this lesson: [[Language/Iranian-persian/Vocabulary/Bathroom|Bathroom]], [[Language/Iranian-persian/Vocabulary/Months-of-the-Year|Months of the Year]], [[Language/Iranian-persian/Vocabulary/Nut|Nut]] & [[Language/Iranian-persian/Vocabulary/Christmas|Christmas]].<br />
==List of birds in Persian==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
!'''Bird name'''<br />
!'''In Persian'''<br />
!Transliteration <br />
!IPA<br />
|-<br />
|swan<br />
|قو<br />
|Ghu <br />
|[ɣu:]<br />
|-<br />
|Nightingale<br />
|بُلبُل<br />
|Bolbol <br />
|[bol-bol]<br />
|-<br />
|Eagle<br />
|عُقاب<br />
|Oghab <br />
|[oɣa:b]<br />
|-<br />
|Vulture<br />
|کَرکَس<br />
|Karkas <br />
|[kær-kæs]<br />
|-<br />
|Ostrich<br />
|شُتُرمُرغ<br />
|Shotor morgh <br />
|[ʃotor-morɣ]<br />
|-<br />
|Duck<br />
|اُردَک<br />
|Ordak <br />
|[ordæk]<br />
|-<br />
|Pigeons<br />
|کَبوتَر<br />
|Kabootar <br />
|[kæbu:tær]<br />
|-<br />
|Swallow<br />
|پَرَستو<br />
|Parastoo <br />
|[pæræstu:]<br />
|-<br />
|Cock<br />
|خُروس<br />
|Khoroos <br />
|[Xoru:s]<br />
|-<br />
|Owl<br />
|جُغد<br />
|Joghd <br />
|[d͡ʒoɣ-d]<br />
|-<br />
|Magpie<br />
|زاغ<br />
|Zagh <br />
|[zaɣ]<br />
|-<br />
|Peacock<br />
|طاووس<br />
|Tavoos <br />
|[ta:vu:s]<br />
|-<br />
|Canary<br />
| قَناری<br />
|Ghanary <br />
|[ɣæna:ri]<br />
|-<br />
|Sparrow<br />
| گُنجِشک<br />
|Gonjeshk <br />
|[gond͡ʒeʃ-k]<br />
|-<br />
|Turkey<br />
| بوقَلَمون<br />
|Booghalamoon <br />
|[bu:ɣælæmu:n]<br />
|-<br />
|Hen<br />
| مُرغ<br />
|Morgh <br />
|[morɣ]<br />
|-<br />
|Partridge<br />
| کَبک<br />
|Kabk <br />
|[kæb-k]<br />
|-<br />
|Crow<br />
| کَلاغ<br />
|Kalagh <br />
|[kæla:ɣ]<br />
|-<br />
|Quail<br />
| بِلدِرچین<br />
|Belderchin <br />
|[bel-der-t͡ʃin]<br />
|-<br />
|Crane<br />
| دُرنا<br />
|Dorna <br />
|[dorna:]<br />
|-<br />
|Goose<br />
| غاز<br />
|Ghaz <br />
|[ɣa:z]<br />
|-<br />
|Woodpecker<br />
| دارکوب<br />
|Darkoob <br />
|[da:r-ku:b]<br />
|-<br />
|Robin<br />
| سینه سُرخ<br />
|Sineh sorkh <br />
|[sineh-sorx]<br />
|-<br />
|Flamingo<br />
|فِلامینگو<br />
|Flamingo <br />
|[fla:mingo]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Proverbs==<br />
===Kill two bird with one stone===<br />
با یک تیر دو نشان زدن<br />
===Birds of a feather flock together===<br />
پرنده با پرنده باز با باز کند همجنس با همجنس پرواز<br />
<br />
===The ostrich was asked to carry a load, it said. I’m a bird. It was asked to fly, it said, I’m a camel===<br />
به شترمرغ گفتن بار ببر گفت من مرغم گفتن خب پرواز کن گفت من شترم<br />
<br />
===A needle for an elephant, a club for an ant===<br />
سوزن به شتر، گرز به مور<br />
<br />
===The cat dreams of meat===<br />
گربه خواب گوشت میبیند<br />
<br />
===Even a lion will eat flies when it has no food===<br />
شیر هم وقتی غذایی ندارد، مگس میخورد<br />
<br />
===The fox, when it ages, becomes a prophet===<br />
روباه وقتی پیر میشود، نبی میشود<br />
<br />
===Don't take the silence of the rabbit as proof of its stupidity===<br />
سکوت خرگوش را به حساب نادانی او نگذار<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Videos==<br />
Birds and other animals in Iranian Persian - Pronunciation by a Native Speaker:<br />
<youtube>il-SP_2vQLA</youtube><br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
* https://www.inaturalist.org/projects/birds-of-iran<br />
<br />
==Other Lessons==<br />
* [[Language/Iranian-persian/Vocabulary/Most-common-Firefighting|Most common Firefighting]]<br />
* [[Language/Iranian-persian/Vocabulary/Best-Songs-to-Learn|Best Songs to Learn]]<br />
* [[Language/Iranian-persian/Vocabulary/Dinner-Table|Dinner Table]]<br />
* [[Language/Iranian-persian/Vocabulary/Idiomatic-Expressions|Idiomatic Expressions]]<br />
* [[Language/Iranian-persian/Vocabulary/School|School]]<br />
* [[Language/Iranian-persian/Vocabulary/Winter|Winter]]<br />
* [[Language/Iranian-persian/Vocabulary/Election|Election]]<br />
* [[Language/Iranian-persian/Vocabulary/Drinks|Drinks]]<br />
* [[Language/Iranian-persian/Vocabulary/Type-and-look|Type and look]]<br />
* [[Language/Iranian-persian/Vocabulary/Slang|Slang]]<br />
<span links></span></div>Vincenthttps://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/Vietnamese/Pronunciation/Alphabet-and-Pronunciation&diff=291045Language/Vietnamese/Pronunciation/Alphabet-and-Pronunciation2024-02-14T19:26:53Z<p>Vincent: </p>
<hr />
<div><div class="pg_page_title">Vietnamese Alphabet & Pronunciation</div><br />
[[File:Vietnamese-Language-PolyglotClub.png|thumb]]<br />
Hello Vietnamese learners 😀<br />
<br />
In today's lesson, you will learn how to write the different letters of the Vietnamese alphabet, how to pronounce these letters whether it is through the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), or through a video with the pronunciation of the letters by a native speaker. You will also find at the end of this lesson a virtual keyboard to be able to type each special character of this language. <br />
<br />
<br />
Enjoy your learning journey!<br />
__TOC__<br />
<br />
<br />
After mastering the Vietnamese alphabet and pronunciation, you can further enhance your language skills by exploring our lessons on [[Language/Vietnamese/Vocabulary/Colors|Vietnamese Vocabulary - Colors]], [[Language/Vietnamese/Vocabulary/Hello-and-Goodbye|Vietnamese Vocabulary → Greetings and Introductions → Hello and ...]], and [[Language/Vietnamese/Grammar/Future-Tense|Vietnamese Grammar - Future Tense]].<br />
<br />
==Vietnamese Alphabet and Pronunciation==<br />
=== Alphabet ===<br />
The Vietnamese alphabet (chữ Quốc ngữ) is the modern Latin writing script for Vietnamese. It uses the Latin script based on Romance languages. The Vietnamese alphabet contains 29 letters.<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Letter<br />
!Name<br />
!IPA<br />
|-<br />
|A a<br />
|a<br />
|/aː˧/<br />
|-<br />
|Ă ă<br />
|á<br />
|/aː˧˥/<br />
|-<br />
|Â â<br />
|ớ<br />
|/əː˧˥/<br />
|-<br />
|B b<br />
|bê; bờ<br />
|/ɓe˧, ɓəː˧˩/<br />
|-<br />
|C c<br />
|xê; cờ<br />
|/se˧, kəː˧˩/<br />
|-<br />
|D d<br />
|dê; dờ<br />
|/ze˧, zəː˧˩/<br />
|-<br />
|Đ đ<br />
|đê; đờ<br />
|/ɗe˧, ɗəː˧˩/<br />
|-<br />
|E e<br />
|e<br />
|/ɛ˧/<br />
|-<br />
|Ê ê<br />
|ê<br />
|/e˧/<br />
|-<br />
|G g<br />
|giê; gờ<br />
|/ze˧, ɣəː˧˩/<br />
|-<br />
|H h<br />
|hát; hờ<br />
|/hat˥, həː˧˩/<br />
|-<br />
|I i<br />
|i; i ngắn<br />
|/i˧, i˧ ŋan˧˥/<br />
|-<br />
|K k<br />
|ca<br />
|/kaː˧/<br />
|-<br />
|L l<br />
|e-lờ; lờ<br />
|/(ɛ˧)ləː˧˩/<br />
|-<br />
|M m<br />
|em-mờ; mờ<br />
|/(ɛm˧)məː˧˩/<br />
|-<br />
|N n<br />
|en-nờ; nờ<br />
|/(ɛn˧)nəː˧˩/<br />
|-<br />
|O o<br />
|o<br />
|/ɔ˧/<br />
|-<br />
|Ô ô<br />
|ô<br />
|/o˧/<br />
|-<br />
|Ơ ơ<br />
|ơ<br />
|/əː˧/<br />
|-<br />
|P p<br />
|pê; pờ; bê phở (colloq.)<br />
|/pe˧, pəː˧˩/<br />
|-<br />
|Q q<br />
|cu; quy; quờ<br />
|/ku˧, kwi˧, kwəː˧˩/<br />
|-<br />
|R r<br />
|e-rờ; rờ<br />
|/ɛ˧ɹəː˧˩, ʐəː˧˩/<br />
|-<br />
|S s<br />
|ét-xì; sờ; sờ sẻ<br />
|/ɛt˦˥si˧˩, ʂəː˧˩/<br />
|-<br />
|T t<br />
|tê; tờ<br />
|/te˧, təː˧˩/<br />
|-<br />
|U u<br />
|u<br />
|/u˧/<br />
|-<br />
|Ư ư<br />
|ư<br />
|/ɨ˧/<br />
|-<br />
|V v<br />
|vê, vờ<br />
|/ve˧, vəː˧/<br />
|-<br />
|X x<br />
|ích xì; xờ; xờ xe<br />
|/ik˦˥si˧˩, səː˧˩/<br />
|-<br />
|Y y<br />
|i dài; i-cờ-rét<br />
|/i˧zaːj˧˩, i˧kəː˧ɹɛt˦˥/<br />
|}<br />
<br />
Of course, 4 Vietnamese inappropriate Letters are F, J, W and Z!<br />
<br />
=== Consonants ===<br />
<hr /><br />
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uuQkSwJPiPA</youtube><br />
<hr /><br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! rowspan="2" |apheme<br />
! colspan="2" |Word-Initial (IPA)<br />
! colspan="2" |Word-Final<br />
! rowspan="2" |Notes<br />
|-<br />
!Northern<br />
!Southern<br />
!Northern<br />
!Southern<br />
|-<br />
!B b<br />
| colspan="2" |/ɓ/<br />
| colspan="2" |<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!C c<br />
| colspan="2" |/k/<br />
| colspan="2" |/k̚/<br />
|⟨k⟩ is used instead when preceding ⟨i y e ê⟩. K is also used before U in the Vietnamese city Pleiku.<br />
⟨qu⟩ is used instead of ⟨co cu⟩ if a /w/ on-glide exists.<br />
Realized as [k͡p] in word-final position following rounded vowels ⟨u ô o⟩.<br />
|-<br />
!Ch ch<br />
|/tɕ/<br />
|/c/<br />
|/ʲk/<br />
|/t̚/<br />
|Multiple phonemic analyses of final ⟨ch⟩ have been proposed (main article).<br />
|-<br />
!D d<br />
|/z/<br />
|/j/<br />
| colspan="2" rowspan="9" |<br />
|In Middle Vietnamese, ⟨d⟩ represented /ð/. The distinction between ⟨d⟩ and ⟨gi⟩ is now purely etymological in most modern dialects.<br />
|-<br />
!Đ đ<br />
| colspan="2" |/ɗ/<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!G g<br />
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |/ɣ/<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!Gh gh<br />
|Spelling used ⟨gh⟩ instead of ⟨g⟩ before ⟨i e ê⟩, seemingly to follow the Italian convention. ⟨g⟩ is not allowed in these environments.<br />
|-<br />
!Gi gi<br />
|/z/<br />
|/j/<br />
|In Middle Vietnamese, ⟨gi⟩ represented /ʝ/. The distinction between ⟨d⟩ and ⟨gi⟩ is now purely etymological in most modern dialects. Realized as [ʒ] in Northern spelling pronunciation. Spelled ⟨g⟩ before another ⟨i⟩.<br />
|-<br />
!H h<br />
| colspan="2" |/h/<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!K k<br />
| colspan="2" |/k/<br />
|Spelling used instead of ⟨c⟩ before ⟨i y e ê⟩ to follow the European tradition. ⟨c⟩ is not allowed in these environments.<br />
|-<br />
!Kh kh<br />
| colspan="2" |/x/<br />
|In Middle Vietnamese, ⟨kh⟩ was pronounced [kʰ]<br />
|-<br />
!L l<br />
| colspan="2" |/l/<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!M m<br />
| colspan="2" |/m/<br />
| colspan="2" |/m/<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!N n<br />
| colspan="2" |/n/<br />
|/n/<br />
|/ŋ/<br />
|In Southern Vietnamese, word-final ⟨n⟩ is realized as [ŋ] if not following ⟨i ê⟩.<br />
|-<br />
!Ng ng<br />
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |/ŋ/<br />
| colspan="2" |/ŋ/<br />
|Realized as [ŋ͡m] in word-final position following rounded vowels ⟨u ô o⟩.<br />
|-<br />
!Ngh ngh<br />
| colspan="2" |<br />
|Spelling used instead of ⟨ng⟩ before ⟨i e ê⟩ in accordance with ⟨gh⟩.<br />
|-<br />
!Nh nh<br />
| colspan="2" |/ɲ/<br />
|/ʲŋ/<br />
|/n/<br />
|Multiple phonemic analyses of final ⟨nh⟩ have been proposed (main article).<br />
|-<br />
!P p<br />
| colspan="2" |<br />
| colspan="2" |/p/<br />
|Only occurs initially in loanwords. Some Vietnamese pronounce it as a "b" sound instead (as in Arabic).<br />
|-<br />
!Ph ph<br />
| colspan="2" |/f/<br />
| colspan="2" rowspan="4" |<br />
|In Middle Vietnamese, ⟨ph⟩ was pronounced [pʰ]<br />
|-<br />
!Qu qu<br />
| colspan="2" |/kʷ/<br />
|Spelling used in place of ⟨co cu⟩ if a /w/ on-glide exists.<br />
|-<br />
!R r<br />
|/z/<br />
|/r/<br />
|Variably pronounced as a fricative [ʐ], approximant [ɹ], flap [ɾ] or trill [r] in Southern speech.<br />
|-<br />
!S s<br />
|/s/<br />
|/ʂ/<br />
|Realized as [ʃ] in Northern spelling pronunciation.<br />
|-<br />
!T t<br />
| colspan="2" |/t/<br />
|/t̚/<br />
|/k/<br />
|In Southern Vietnamese, word-final ⟨t⟩ is realized as [k] if not following ⟨i ê⟩.<br />
|-<br />
!Th th<br />
| colspan="2" |/tʰ/<br />
| colspan="2" rowspan="4" |<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!Tr tr<br />
|/tɕ/<br />
|/ʈ/<br />
|Realized as [tʃ] in Northern spelling pronunciation.<br />
|-<br />
!V v<br />
| colspan="2" |/v/<br />
|In Middle Vietnamese, it was represented by a b with flourish ⟨⟩ and was pronounced [β].<br />
Can be realized as [v] in Southern speech through spelling pronunciation and in loanwords.<br />
|-<br />
!X x<br />
| colspan="2" |/s/<br />
|In Middle Vietnamese, ⟨x⟩ was pronounced [ɕ].<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Spelling and pronunciation in Vietnamese ===<br />
<hr /><br />
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0qBvuZTI1IM</youtube><br />
<hr /><br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+<br />
!Spelling<br />
!Sound<br />
|-<br />
!a<br />
| /a/ ([æ] in some dialects) except as below<br />
/ă/ in ''au'' /ăw/ and ''ay'' /ăj/ (but /a/ in ''ao'' /aw/ and ''ai'' /aj/)<br />
/ăj/ before syllable-final ''nh'' /ŋ/ and ''ch'' /k/, see<br />
<br />
Vietnamese phonology#Analysis of final ''ch'', ''nh''<br />
/ə̯/ in ''ưa'' /ɨə̯/, ''ia'' /iə̯/ and ''ya'' /iə̯/<br />
<br />
/ə̯/ in ''ua'' except after ''q''<br />
|-<br />
!ă<br />
| /ă/<br />
|-<br />
!â<br />
| /ə̆/<br />
|-<br />
!e<br />
| /ɛ/<br />
|-<br />
!ê<br />
| /e/ except as below<br />
/ə̆j/ before syllable-final ''nh'' /ŋ/ and ''ch'' /k/, see<br />
Vietnamese phonology#Analysis of final ''ch'', ''nh''<br />
<br />
/ə̯/ in ''iê'' /iə̯/ and ''yê'' /iə̯/<br />
|-<br />
!i<br />
| /i/ except as below<br />
/j/ after any vowel letter<br />
|-<br />
!o<br />
| /ɔ/ except as below<br />
/ăw/ before ''ng'' and ''c''<br />
/w/ after any vowel letter (= after ''a'' or ''e'')<br />
<br />
/w/ before any vowel letter except ''i'' (= before ''ă'', ''a'' or ''e'')<br />
|-<br />
!ô<br />
| /o/ except as below<br />
/ə̆w/ before ''ng'' and ''c'' except after a ''u'' that is not preceded by a ''q''<br />
/ə̯/ in ''uô'' except after ''q''<br />
|-<br />
!ơ<br />
| /ə/ except as below<br />
/ə̯/ in ''ươ'' /ɨə̯/<br />
|-<br />
!u<br />
| /u/ except as below<br />
/w/ after ''q'' or any vowel letter<br />
/w/ before any vowel letter except ''a'', ''ô'' and ''i''<br />
<br />
Before ''a'', ''ô'' and ''i'': /w/ if preceded by ''q'', /u/ otherwise<br />
|-<br />
!ư<br />
| /ɨ/<br />
|-<br />
!y<br />
| /i/ except as below<br />
/j/ after any vowel letter except ''u'' (= after ''â'' and ''a'')<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Tone marks ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!'''Diacritic'''<br />
!'''Symbol'''<br />
!'''Name'''<br />
!'''Contour'''<br />
!'''Vowels with diacritic'''<br />
|-<br />
|unmarked<br />
|N/A<br />
|Ngang<br />
|mid level, ˧<br />
|A/a, Ă/ă, Â/â, E/e, Ê/ê, I/i, O/o, Ô/ô, Ơ/ơ, U/u, Ư/ư, Y/y<br />
|-<br />
|grave accent<br />
|à<br />
|Huyền<br />
|low falling, ˨˩<br />
|À/à, Ằ/ằ, Ầ/ầ, È/è, Ề/ề, Ì/ì, Ò/ò, Ồ/ồ, Ờ/ờ, Ù/ù, Ừ/ừ, Ỳ/ỳ<br />
|-<br />
|hook above<br />
|ả<br />
|Hỏi<br />
|mid falling, ˧˩ (Northern); dipping, ˨˩˥ (Southern)<br />
|Ả/ả, Ẳ/ẳ, Ẩ/ẩ, Ẻ/ẻ, Ể/ể, Ỉ/ỉ, Ỏ/ỏ, Ổ/ổ, Ở/ở, Ủ/ủ, Ử/ử, Ỷ/ỷ<br />
|-<br />
|tilde<br />
|ã<br />
|Ngã<br />
|glottalized rising, ˧˥ˀ (Northern); slightly lengthened Dấu Hỏi tone (Southern)<br />
|Ã/ã, Ẵ/ẵ, Ẫ/ẫ, Ẽ/ẽ, Ễ/ễ, Ĩ/ĩ, Õ/õ, Ỗ/ỗ, Ỡ/ỡ, Ũ/ũ, Ữ/ữ, Ỹ/ỹ<br />
|-<br />
|acute accent<br />
|á<br />
|Sắc<br />
|high rising, ˧˥<br />
|Á/á, Ắ/ắ, Ấ/ấ, É/é, Ế/ế, Í/í, Ó/ó, Ố/ố, Ớ/ớ, Ú/ú, Ứ/ứ, Ý/ý<br />
|-<br />
|dot below<br />
|ạ<br />
|Nặng<br />
|glottalized falling, ˧˨ˀ (Northern); low rising, ˩˧ (Southern)<br />
|Ạ/ạ, Ặ/ặ, Ậ/ậ, Ẹ/ẹ, Ệ/ệ, Ị/ị, Ọ/ọ, Ộ/ộ, Ợ/ợ, Ụ/ụ, Ự/ự, Ỵ/ỵ<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== English Approximant ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Vietnamese Alphabet<br />
!English Sound<br />
!Pronunciation Example<br />
|-<br />
|a<br />
|α:<br />
|'a' as in father<br />
|-<br />
|â<br />
|ɜ<br />
|'u' as in but<br />
|-<br />
|ă<br />
|α<br />
|'a' as in hat<br />
|-<br />
|b<br />
|ɓ<br />
|'b' as in big<br />
|-<br />
|c<br />
|k<br />
|'c' as in cat<br />
|-<br />
|ch<br />
|t∫, c<br />
|'ch' as in church<br />
|-<br />
|d<br />
|z, j<br />
|'z' as in zoo (north), 'y' as in yes (south)<br />
|-<br />
|đ<br />
|ɗ<br />
|'d' as in done<br />
|-<br />
|e<br />
|ε<br />
|'e' as in get<br />
|-<br />
|ê<br />
|e<br />
|'a' as in mate<br />
|-<br />
|g<br />
|ɣ<br />
|'g' as in good<br />
|-<br />
|gh<br />
|ɣ<br />
|'g' as in good<br />
|-<br />
|gi<br />
|z, j<br />
|'z' as in zoo (north), 'y' as in yes (south)<br />
|-<br />
|h<br />
|h<br />
|'h' as in house<br />
|-<br />
|i<br />
|i<br />
|'i' as in machine (north), 'b' as in bit (south)<br />
|-<br />
|k<br />
|k<br />
|'c' as in cat<br />
|-<br />
|kh<br />
|kh, x<br />
|'ch' as in the German Bach<br />
|-<br />
|l<br />
|l<br />
|'l' as in life<br />
|-<br />
|m<br />
|m<br />
|'m' as in man<br />
|-<br />
|n<br />
|n<br />
|'n' as in nice<br />
|-<br />
|ng<br />
|ŋ<br />
|'ng' as in singer<br />
|-<br />
|ngh<br />
|ŋ<br />
|'ng' as in singer<br />
|-<br />
|nh<br />
|ɲ<br />
|'ny' as in cranyon<br />
|-<br />
|o<br />
|ɔ<br />
|'o' as in hot<br />
|-<br />
|ô<br />
|o<br />
|'oa' as in boat<br />
|-<br />
|ơ<br />
|ɜ:<br />
|'u' as in fur<br />
|-<br />
|p<br />
|p<br />
|watch video below<br />
|-<br />
|ph<br />
|f<br />
|'f' as in find<br />
|-<br />
|qu<br />
|kw<br />
|'qu' as in queue<br />
|-<br />
|r<br />
|z, ɹ<br />
|'z' as in zoo (north), 'r' as in ring (south)<br />
|-<br />
|s<br />
|s, ∫<br />
|'s' as in sore (north), 's' as in sure (south)<br />
|-<br />
|t<br />
|t<br />
|'t' as in stop<br />
|-<br />
|th<br />
|th<br />
|'t' as in top<br />
|-<br />
|tr<br />
|t∫, ʈɽ<br />
|'ch' as in church (north), 'tr' as in tree (south)<br />
|-<br />
|u<br />
|ʊ<br />
|'oo' as in boot<br />
|-<br />
|ư<br />
|ɨ<br />
|'oo' as in boot<br />
|-<br />
|v<br />
|v, j<br />
|'v' as in van (north), 'y' as in yes (south)<br />
|-<br />
|x<br />
|s<br />
|'s' as in sore<br />
|-<br />
|y<br />
|i<br />
|watch video below<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Video - Vietnamese Alphabet Pronunciation by a Native Speaker==<br />
<youtube>qUOq_qLZacc</youtube><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Vietnamese Online Virtual Keyboard==<br />
__NOCACHE__<br />
<br />
<include iframe="" src="https://polyglotclub.com/keyboard.php?souscat_url=vietnamese" height="950px" frameborder="0" scrolling="yes" /><br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
*https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamese_alphabet<br />
*http://mylanguages.org/vietnamese_alphabet.php<br />
*https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uuQkSwJPiPA<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Alphabet-and-Pronunciation]]<br />
<span links></span></div>Vincenthttps://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/English/Vocabulary/Animals&diff=291044Language/English/Vocabulary/Animals2024-02-14T19:23:52Z<p>Vincent: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
Learning the names and some facts about animals can enhance your English vocabulary. This article provides definitions for a variety of animals, from common pets like dogs and cats to more exotic wildlife such as sharks and eagles.<br />
<br />
== Mammals ==<br />
<br />
* '''Dog''' - A domesticated carnivorous mammal (Canis familiaris) known for its loyalty and often kept as a pet or used for hunting or guarding.<br />
* '''Cat''' - A small domesticated carnivorous mammal (Felis catus) with soft fur, a short snout, and retractable claws, known for its independence and commonly kept as a pet.<br />
* '''Donkey''' - A domesticated hoofed mammal of the horse family with long ears and a braying call, used as a working animal in many countries.<br />
* '''Cow'''<br />
** '''Calf''' - The young of domestic cattle (Bos taurus), raised for their meat (beef and veal), milk, and hides.<br />
* '''Mouse''' - A small rodent with a pointed snout, small rounded ears, a body-length scaly tail, and a high breeding rate, commonly found in many parts of the world.<br />
* '''Squirrel''' - A rodent with a bushy tail, typically living in trees and known for its quick movements and ability to gather and store nuts for the winter.<br />
* '''Zebra''' - A wild horse (genus Equus) native to Africa, distinguished by its black and white striped coat.<br />
<br />
== Birds ==<br />
<br />
* '''Bird''' - A warm-blooded, egg-laying vertebrate distinguished by feathers, wings, and beaks. Birds range widely in size and habitat.<br />
** '''Pigeon''' - A stout seed- or fruit-eating bird with a small head, short legs, and a cooing voice, often found in cities.<br />
** '''Hawk''' - A bird of prey with broad rounded wings and a long tail, known for its keen eyesight and powerful flight.<br />
** '''Eagle''' - A large bird of prey with a massive hooked bill and long broad wings, renowned for its keen sight and powerful soaring flight.<br />
** '''Geese''' - Large waterbirds with a long neck, large body, webbed feet, and a wide, flat bill. Often migratory, geese are known for flying in a "V" formation.<br />
** '''Chicken''' - A domestic fowl kept for its eggs or meat, particularly the young of the domestic fowl.<br />
** '''Owls''' - Nocturnal birds of prey with large eyes, a facial disk, a hooked beak, and typically a silent flight. Owls are known for their distinctive call.<br />
** '''Duck''' - A waterbird with a broad blunt bill, short legs, webbed feet, and a waddling gait. Ducks are often domesticated for their eggs and meat.<br />
** '''Falcon''' - A bird of prey with long pointed wings and a notched beak, known for its speed and precision while hunting.<br />
** '''Parrot''' - A bird with a distinctive curved beak and an ability for mimicry, known for its colorful plumage and social behavior.<br />
** '''Cardinals''' - Small to medium-sized birds with vivid red coloring found in North and South America, known for their singing and vibrant appearance.<br />
<br />
== Fish ==<br />
<br />
* '''Fish''' - A limbless cold-blooded vertebrate animal with gills and fins, living wholly in water.<br />
** '''Bass''' - A large variety of freshwater and marine fish, known for their strong fight when caught.<br />
** '''Tuna''' - A saltwater fish that belongs to the tribe Thunnini, known for its speed and commercial value as food.<br />
** '''Catfish''' - A diverse group of ray-finned fish named for their prominent barbels, which resemble a cat's whiskers.<br />
** '''Shark''' - A large fish with a streamlined body and a full cartilaginous skeleton, known for its sharp teeth and often feared as a predator.<br />
** '''Anchovy''' - Small, common saltwater forage fish, often used as human food and bait.<br />
** '''Zebrafish''' - A small freshwater fish that's widely used in scientific research due to its ability to regenerate parts of its heart and other organs.<br />
<br />
== Reptiles ==<br />
<br />
* '''Snake''' - A legless, carnivorous reptile with a long, slender body, covered with overlapping scales, and capable of swallowing prey much larger than its head.<br />
<br />
This vocabulary list introduces you to a wide range of animals, offering a glimpse into the diversity of life on our planet and enhancing your English language skills with new words and concepts.</div>Vincent