Language/Standard-arabic/Pronunciation/Alphabet-and-Pronunciation
Hello everyone!
In today's lesson, we are going to talk about the letters and how to spell them In Arabic.
Name | IPA | Letter | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Final | Medial | Initial | Isolated | ||
ألف (Alefun) | /aː/, /ʔ/ | ـا | ا | ||
باء (Ba'on) | /b/ | ـب | ـبـ | بـ | ب |
تاء ( Ta'on) | /t/ | ـت | ـتـ | تـ | ت |
ثاء (THa'on) like"therapy" | /θ/ | ـث | ـثـ | ثـ | ث |
جيم (Jeemun) | /d͡ʒ/ | ـج | ـجـ | جـ | ج |
حاء (ha'on) | /ħ/ | ـح | ـحـ | حـ | ح |
خاء (kha'on) | /x/ | ـخ | ـخـ | خـ | خ |
دال (dalun) | /d/ | ـد | د | ||
ذال (dalun ) like "the moon" | /ð/ | ـذ | ذ | ||
راء (ra'on) like "room" | /r/ | ـر | ر | ||
زاي (za'ye) | /z/ | ـز | ز | ||
سين (seenun) like "I see" | /s/ | ـس | ـسـ | سـ | س |
شين (sheenun) like"she" | /ʃ/ | ـش | ـشـ | شـ | ش |
صاد (Sad) like " Sound" | /sˤ/ | ـص | ـصـ | صـ | ص |
ضاد | /dˤ/ | ـض | ـضـ | ضـ | ض |
طاء | /tˤ/ | ـط | ـطـ | طـ | ط |
ظاء | /ðˤ/ | ـظ | ـظـ | ظـ | ظ |
عين | /ʕ/ | ـع | ـعـ | عـ | ع |
غين | /ɣ/ | ـغ | ـغـ | غـ | غ |
فاء | /f/ | ـف | ـفـ | فـ | ف |
قاف | /q/ | ـق | ـقـ | قـ | ق |
كاف | /k/ | ـك | ـكـ | كـ | ك |
لام | /l/ | ـل | ـلـ | لـ | ل |
ميم | /m/ | ـم | ـمـ | مـ | م |
نون | /n/ | ـن | ـنـ | نـ | ن |
هاء | /h/ | ـه | ـهـ | هـ | ه |
واو | /w/, /uː/ | ـو | و | ||
ياء | /j/, /iː/ | ـي | ـيـ | يـ | ي |
In Arabic we have Letters like ا ب ت ث ج ح ..... Each letter has a specific pronunciation.
Then we have these small Symbols ( َ - ُ - ِ ) ( ً - ٌ - ٍ ) ( ّ ) ( ْ) we add to the Letter to change their pronunciation.
symbols: ( َ ) ( ُ ) ( ِ )
- The first one is called in Arabic "Fat ha" and it means you should open your mouth while saying the letter like "A" in french.
- The second one is called "Damma". Your mouth should have a round shape like you're pronouncing a "O".
- The third one is called "Kasra". Your mouth should have the same shape as when you're pronouncing a "E" .
Examples
- If we want to say the letter ( ب ) in Arabic, let's add that Fatha to it ( بَ ). Its pronunciation becomes (Ba). Not a long "a", just a short one.
- if we want to say the letter ( ب ) in Arabic, let's add that Damma to it ( بُ ). Its pronunciation becomes (Bo). Not a long "o", just a short one.
- if we want to say the letter ( ب ) in Arabic, let's add that Kasra to it ( بِ ). Its pronunciation becomes (Be). Not a long "e", just a short one.
The table below will help you with other letters:
letter | name of the letter | pronunciation with Fatha | pronunciation with Damma | pronunciation with Kasra |
---|---|---|---|---|
ا | Alif | A | O | E of english & i in french |
ب | Ba'a | Ba | Bo | Be |
ت | Ta'a | Ta | To | Te |
ث | tha'a (th here must pronounce as [th] in tee[th] | tha | tho | the |
ج | jeem | ja | jo | je |
ح | ha'a [h] | ha | Ho | He |
خ | Kha'a [KH] must pronounce as [X letter in Russian] | Kha | Kho | Khe |
د | daal | da | do | de or di in french |
ذ | thaal like english word that | tha | tho | the |
ر | raa like R in english | ra | ro | re |
ز | zayn | za | zo | ze |
س | siin | sa | so | se |
ش | shiin | sha | sho | she |
ص | saad magnify | sa | so | se |
ض | daad magnify | da | do | de |
ع | aayn as saying : iraq city | aa | ao | ae |
غ | Rayn like R in french | ra | ro | re |
ف | faa | fa | fo | fe |
ق | qaaf close from grand g in french | qa | qo | qe |
ك | kaaf | ka | ko | ke |
ل | laam | la | lo | le |
م | miim | ma | mo | me |
ن | noon | na | no | ne |
هـ | haa like hello | ha | ho | he |
و | waaw | wa | wo | we |
ي | yaa | ya | yo | ye |
Please note that the second letter you add has a very short pronunciation.
symbols ( ً )-( ٌ )-( ٍ )
- The first one is called in Arabic "Tanween Al Fat'h" and it means you should open your mouth while saying the letter like "A" in french then add N at the end of letter.
- The second one is called "Tanween Al Damm". Your mouth should have a round shape like you're pronouncing a "O" and add N at the End of the letter
- The third one is called "Tanween Al Kasr". Your mouth should have the same shape as when you're pronouncing a "E" .and add N at the End of the letter
Examples
- If we want to say the letter ( ب ) in Arabic, let's add Tanween Al Fat'h to it ( بً ). Its pronunciation becomes (Ban). Not a long "a" in french, just a short one.
- if we want to say the letter ( ب ) in Arabic, let's add Tanween Al Damm to it ( بٌ ). Its pronunciation becomes (Bon). Not a long "o", just a short one.
- if we want to say the letter ( ب ) in Arabic, let's add Tanween Al Kasr to it ( بٍ ). Its pronunciation becomes (Ben). Not a long "e", just a short one.
The table below will help you with other letters:
letter | name of the letter | pronunciation with Tanween Al Fat'h | pronunciation with Tanween Al Damm | pronunciation with Tanween Al Kasr |
---|---|---|---|---|
ا | Alif | An | On | Ee |
ب | Ba'a | Ban | Bon | Ben |
ت | Ta'a | Tan | Ton | Ten |
ث | tha'a (th here must pronounce as [th] in tee[th] | than | thon | then |
ج | jeem | jan | jon | jen |
ح | ha'a | han | Hon | Hen |
خ | Kha'a [KH] must pronounce as [X letter in Russian] | Khan | Khon | Khen |
Long pronunciation
We can read an arabic letter with a long pronuciation by using three letters (alif-أ, yaa-ي, waaw) after the one that want to read as long :
- we use alif-أ after the long letter who has "fatha" for example : ( سَ= sa ) long pronunciation is ( سَا=saaa )
- we use waaw-و after the long letter who has "damma" for example : ( سُ= so ) long pronunciation is ( سُو=sooo )
- we use yaa-ي after the long letter who has "kasra" for example : ( سِ= si ) long pronunciation is ( سِي=siii )
NOTE
When we use the 3 letters to make a long pronunciation, we don't give them any damma or kasra or... they have a name is :
horof al-aela حُرُوفُ الْعِلَةِ
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