Difference between revisions of "Language/Romanian/Grammar/Cases"
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[[File:Romania-Language-PolyglotClub.png|thumb]] | |||
Welcome to the lesson on Romanian grammar cases! Cases play a crucial role in understanding the structure and meaning of sentences in the Romanian language. Romanian, like many other languages, has a system of noun declension that marks the grammatical case of a noun in a sentence. In this lesson, we will explore the five cases of Romanian - nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, and vocative - and learn how they are used in different sentence structures. | |||
So, let's dive in! | |||
<span link>Take a moment to explore these relevant pages as you conclude this lesson:</span> [[Language/Romanian/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]], [[Language/Romanian/Grammar/Negation|Negation]], [[Language/Romanian/Grammar/Prepositions-and-Postpositions|Prepositions and Postpositions]] & [[Language/Romanian/Grammar/Adjectives-and-Adverbs|Adjectives and Adverbs]]. | |||
==The Nominative case== | ==The Nominative case== | ||
<blockquote>It answers the question "who?" - "cine?</blockquote> | <blockquote>It answers the question "who?" - "cine?</blockquote> | ||
{| class="wikitable" style=" | {| class="wikitable" style=" border: none; background: azure; padding-left: 25%;" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| I || Eu | | I || Eu | ||
| Line 20: | Line 27: | ||
===Examples=== | ===Examples=== | ||
{| class="wikitable" style=" | {| class="wikitable" style="border-right:none; background: azure; padding-left: 25%;" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''"We go to the mountains." ''|| "Noi mergem la munte." | | ''"We go to the mountains." ''|| "Noi mergem la munte." | ||
| Line 29: | Line 36: | ||
===Notes=== | ===Notes=== | ||
{| class="wikitable" style=" | {| class="wikitable" style=" border: none; background: azure; padding-left: 25%;" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''El, ei ''|| masculine gender | | ''El, ei ''|| masculine gender | ||
| Line 40: | Line 47: | ||
<blockquote>It answers the question "who?/whom?" - "pe cine/pe ce?")</blockquote> | <blockquote>It answers the question "who?/whom?" - "pe cine/pe ce?")</blockquote> | ||
{| style=" | {| class="wikitable" style="background: azure; padding-left: 25%;" | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Pe mine/m | |Pe mine/m | ||
| Line 57: | Line 64: | ||
===Examples=== | ===Examples=== | ||
{| class="wikitable" style=" | {| class="wikitable" style="border-right:none; background: azure; padding-left: 25%;" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''"I blamed you." ''|| "Eu am dat vina pe voi." | | ''"I blamed you." ''|| "Eu am dat vina pe voi." | ||
| Line 70: | Line 77: | ||
===Notes=== | ===Notes=== | ||
{| class="wikitable" style=" | {| class="wikitable" style="background: azure; padding-left: 25%;" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''Pe el, pe ei ''|| masculine gender | | ''Pe el, pe ei ''|| masculine gender | ||
| Line 81: | Line 88: | ||
<blockquote>It answers the question "whose?/of what?" - "A/al cui?"</blockquote> | <blockquote>It answers the question "whose?/of what?" - "A/al cui?"</blockquote> | ||
{| class="wikitable" style=" | {| class="wikitable" style="background: azure; padding-left: 25%;" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Al meu, a mea | | Al meu, a mea | ||
| Line 98: | Line 105: | ||
===Examples=== | ===Examples=== | ||
{| class="wikitable" style=" | {| class="wikitable" style="background: azure; padding-left: 25%;" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''"This book is yours." ''|| "Cartea aceasta este a voastră." | | ''"This book is yours." ''|| "Cartea aceasta este a voastră." | ||
| Line 105: | Line 112: | ||
===Notes=== | ===Notes=== | ||
{| class="wikitable" style=" | {| class="wikitable" style="background: azure; padding-left: 25%;" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''Al lui ''|| the object is masculine gender; the person is masculine gender | | ''Al lui ''|| the object is masculine gender; the person is masculine gender | ||
| Line 120: | Line 127: | ||
<blockquote>It answers the question "who?" - "cui?"</blockquote> | <blockquote>It answers the question "who?" - "cui?"</blockquote> | ||
{| style=" | {| class="wikitable" style="background: azure; padding-left: 25%;" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Mie, îmi, mi(-) | | Mie, îmi, mi(-) | ||
| Line 137: | Line 144: | ||
===Examples=== | ===Examples=== | ||
{| class="wikitable" style=" | {| class="wikitable" style="background: azure; padding-left: 25%;" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''"I gave him a name." ''|| "(Lui/Ei) i-am dat un nume." | | ''"I gave him a name." ''|| "(Lui/Ei) i-am dat un nume." | ||
| Line 146: | Line 153: | ||
===Notes=== | ===Notes=== | ||
{| class="wikitable" style=" | {| class="wikitable" style="background: azure; padding-left: 25%;" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''Lui ''|| masculine gender | | ''Lui ''|| masculine gender | ||
| Line 156: | Line 163: | ||
<blockquote>It answers the question "to who?/to whom?" - "la cine?/la ce?"</blockquote> | <blockquote>It answers the question "to who?/to whom?" - "la cine?/la ce?"</blockquote> | ||
{| class="wikitable" style=" | {| class="wikitable" style="background: azure; padding-left: 25%;" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| La mine | | La mine | ||
| Line 173: | Line 180: | ||
===Examples=== | ===Examples=== | ||
{| class="wikitable" style=" | {| class="wikitable" style="background: azure; padding-left: 25%;" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''"We'll come to you." ''|| "(Noi) Vom veni la voi." | | ''"We'll come to you." ''|| "(Noi) Vom veni la voi." | ||
| Line 180: | Line 187: | ||
===Notes=== | ===Notes=== | ||
{| class="wikitable" style=" | {| class="wikitable" style="background: azure; padding-left: 25%;" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''La el/La ei ''|| masculine gender | | ''La el/La ei ''|| masculine gender | ||
| Line 190: | Line 197: | ||
<blockquote>It answers the question "from who?/ from whom?" - "de la cine?/de la ce?/decât cine?/ decât ce?</blockquote> | <blockquote>It answers the question "from who?/ from whom?" - "de la cine?/de la ce?/decât cine?/ decât ce?</blockquote> | ||
{| class="wikitable" style=" | {| class="wikitable" style="background: azure; padding-left: 25%;" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| De la/Decât mine | | De la/Decât mine | ||
| Line 207: | Line 214: | ||
===Examples=== | ===Examples=== | ||
{| class="wikitable" style=" | {| class="wikitable" style="background: azure; padding-left: 25%;" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''"I know this of you." ''|| "(Eu) Știu aceasta de la tine." | | ''"I know this of you." ''|| "(Eu) Știu aceasta de la tine." | ||
| Line 216: | Line 223: | ||
===Notes=== | ===Notes=== | ||
{| class="wikitable" style=" | {| class="wikitable" style="background: azure; padding-left: 25%;" | ||
|- | |- | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 223: | Line 230: | ||
| ''De la ea/Decât ea, De la ele/Decât ele ''|| female gender | | ''De la ea/Decât ea, De la ele/Decât ele ''|| female gender | ||
|} | |} | ||
==Other Lessons== | |||
* [[Language/Romanian/Grammar/Nouns|Nouns]] | |||
* [[Language/Romanian/Grammar/Instrumental-Case-in-Romanian|Instrumental Case in Romanian]] | |||
* [[Language/Romanian/Grammar/Prepositions|Prepositions]] | |||
* [[Language/Romanian/Grammar/Indefinite-Articles-in-Romanian|Indefinite Articles in Romanian]] | |||
* [[Language/Romanian/Grammar/Genitive-Case-in-Romanian|Genitive Case in Romanian]] | |||
* [[Language/Romanian/Grammar/Gender-of-Nouns|Gender of Nouns]] | |||
* [[Language/Romanian/Grammar/Verb-to-be-with-names-and-places|Verb to be with names and places]] | |||
* [[Language/Romanian/Grammar/The-Accusative-Case-in-Romanian|The Accusative Case in Romanian]] | |||
* [[Language/Romanian/Grammar/The-Locative-Case-in-Romanian|The Locative Case in Romanian]] | |||
* [[Language/Romanian/Grammar/Inclusive-Case-in-Romanian|Inclusive Case in Romanian]] | |||
<span links></span> | |||
Latest revision as of 23:14, 26 March 2023
Welcome to the lesson on Romanian grammar cases! Cases play a crucial role in understanding the structure and meaning of sentences in the Romanian language. Romanian, like many other languages, has a system of noun declension that marks the grammatical case of a noun in a sentence. In this lesson, we will explore the five cases of Romanian - nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, and vocative - and learn how they are used in different sentence structures.
So, let's dive in!
Take a moment to explore these relevant pages as you conclude this lesson: Conditional Mood, Negation, Prepositions and Postpositions & Adjectives and Adverbs.
The Nominative case[edit | edit source]
It answers the question "who?" - "cine?
| I | Eu |
| You | Tu |
| He, She | El, Ea |
| We | Noi |
| You | Voi |
| They | Ei, Ele |
Examples[edit | edit source]
| "We go to the mountains." | "Noi mergem la munte." |
| "He is programmer." | "El este programator." |
Notes[edit | edit source]
| El, ei | masculine gender |
| Ea, ele | female gender |
The Acussative case[edit | edit source]
It answers the question "who?/whom?" - "pe cine/pe ce?")
| Pe mine/m |
| Pe tine |
| Pe el/ea |
| Pe noi |
| Pe voi |
| Pe ei/ele |
Examples[edit | edit source]
| "I blamed you." | "Eu am dat vina pe voi." |
| "We asked him if he want an ice cream." | "L-am întrebat (pe el) dacă vrea o înghețată." |
| "My heart hurts." | "(Pe mine) Mă doare inima." |
| "I moved to London." | "M-am mutat în Londra." |
Notes[edit | edit source]
| Pe el, pe ei | masculine gender |
| Pe ea, pe ele | female gender |
The Genitive case[edit | edit source]
It answers the question "whose?/of what?" - "A/al cui?"
| Al meu, a mea |
| Al tau, a ta |
| Al lui/Al ei, a lui/a ei |
| Al nostru, a noastra |
| Al vostru, a voastra |
| Al lor, a lor |
Examples[edit | edit source]
| "This book is yours." | "Cartea aceasta este a voastră." |
Notes[edit | edit source]
| Al lui | the object is masculine gender; the person is masculine gender |
| A lui | the object is female gender; the person is masculine gender |
| Al ei | the object is masculine gender; the person is female gender |
| A ei | the object is female gender; the person is female gender |
The Dative case[edit | edit source]
It answers the question "who?" - "cui?"
| Mie, îmi, mi(-) |
| Ție, îți, ți- |
| Lui/Ei, îi ,i- |
| Nouă, ne-, ni |
| Vouă, vă, vi |
| Lor, le-, li |
Examples[edit | edit source]
| "I gave him a name." | "(Lui/Ei) i-am dat un nume." |
| "The success is thanks to him" | "Succesul este grație lui." |
Notes[edit | edit source]
| Lui | masculine gender |
| Ei | female gender |
The Locative case[edit | edit source]
It answers the question "to who?/to whom?" - "la cine?/la ce?"
| La mine |
| La tine |
| La el/La ea |
| La noi |
| La voi |
| La ei/La ele |
Examples[edit | edit source]
| "We'll come to you." | "(Noi) Vom veni la voi." |
Notes[edit | edit source]
| La el/La ei | masculine gender |
| La ea/La ele | female gender |
The Ablative case[edit | edit source]
It answers the question "from who?/ from whom?" - "de la cine?/de la ce?/decât cine?/ decât ce?
| De la/Decât mine |
| De la/Decât tine |
| De la/Decât el/ea |
| De la/Decât noi |
| De la/Decât voi |
| De la/Decât ei/ele |
Examples[edit | edit source]
| "I know this of you." | "(Eu) Știu aceasta de la tine." |
| "He's taller than her." | "El este mai înalt decât ea." |
Notes[edit | edit source]
| De la el/Decât el, De la ei/Decât ei | masculine gender |
| De la ea/Decât ea, De la ele/Decât ele | female gender |
Other Lessons[edit | edit source]
- Nouns
- Instrumental Case in Romanian
- Prepositions
- Indefinite Articles in Romanian
- Genitive Case in Romanian
- Gender of Nouns
- Verb to be with names and places
- The Accusative Case in Romanian
- The Locative Case in Romanian
- Inclusive Case in Romanian