Difference between revisions of "Language/Polish/Grammar/Past-Tense"

Latest revision as of 03:15, 17 June 2023

◀️ Present Tense — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Modes of Transportation ▶️

Polish → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Verbs and Tenses → Past Tense

Introduction[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we will explore the past tense in Polish. The past tense is used to talk about actions or events that have already happened. By learning how to form and use the past tense, you will be able to express yourself more accurately in Polish and engage in conversations about past experiences, stories, or historical events. We will cover regular and irregular verbs, as well as the distinction between perfective and imperfective aspects. Let's dive into the fascinating world of the Polish past tense!

Regular Verbs in the Past Tense[edit | edit source]

In Polish, regular verbs in the past tense are formed by adding specific endings to the verb stem. The endings depend on the gender, number, and person of the subject. Let's take a look at the different endings for each gender and number:

Masculine Verbs[edit | edit source]

Polish	Pronunciation	English
uczyłem	ooch-eh-wem	I taught
uczyłeś	ooch-eh-wesh	you (singular) taught
uczył	ooch-eh-wew	he taught
uczyliśmy	ooch-eh-weesh-m	we taught
uczyliście	ooch-eh-weesh-tyeh	you (plural) taught
uczyli	ooch-eh-wee	they taught

Feminine Verbs[edit | edit source]

Polish	Pronunciation	English
uczyłam	ooch-eh-wam	I taught
uczyłaś	ooch-eh-wash	you (singular) taught
uczyła	ooch-eh-vah	she taught
uczyłyśmy	ooch-eh-wish-m	we taught
uczyłyście	ooch-eh-wish-tyeh	you (plural) taught
uczyły	ooch-eh-wee	they taught

Neuter Verbs[edit | edit source]

Polish	Pronunciation	English
uczyło	ooch-eh-wo	it taught
uczyłyśmy	ooch-eh-wish-m	we taught
uczyłyście	ooch-eh-wish-tyeh	you (plural) taught
uczyły	ooch-eh-wee	they taught

Examples[edit | edit source]

Now let's see these verb forms in action with some examples:

Ja uczyłem polskiego. (I taught Polish.)
Ty uczyłeś matematyki. (You taught math.)
On uczył historii. (He taught history.)
My uczyliśmy angielskiego. (We taught English.)
Wy uczyliście francuskiego. (You taught French.)
Oni uczyli niemieckiego. (They taught German.)

Irregular Verbs in the Past Tense[edit | edit source]

While regular verbs follow a predictable pattern in the past tense, there are also many irregular verbs in Polish. These verbs have unique conjugations and do not follow the standard rules. It's important to memorize the conjugation of irregular verbs to use them correctly in sentences. Let's explore some common irregular verbs in the past tense:

Być (to be)[edit | edit source]

The verb "być" (to be) is highly irregular in Polish and has its own unique conjugation in the past tense. Here are the forms for each gender and number:

Polish	Pronunciation	English
byłem	bih-wem	I was
byłeś	bih-wesh	you (singular) were
był	bihw	he was
byliśmy	bih-weesh-m	we were
byliście	bih-weesh-tyeh	you (plural) were
byli	bih-wee	they were

Mieć (to have)[edit | edit source]

The verb "mieć" (to have) is another irregular verb in Polish. Here are its forms in the past tense:

Polish	Pronunciation	English
miałem	myah-wem	I had
miałeś	myah-wesh	you (singular) had
miał	myahw	he had
mieliśmy	myeh-leesh-m	we had
mieliście	myeh-leesh-tyeh	you (plural) had
mieli	myeh-lee	they had

Przyjść (to come)[edit | edit source]

The verb "przyjść" (to come) is irregular in the past tense as well. Let's take a look at its conjugation:

Polish	Pronunciation	English
przyszedłem	pshih-shed-wem	I came
przyszedłeś	pshih-shed-wesh	you (singular) came
przyszedł	pshih-shed-wew	he came
przyszliśmy	pshih-shem-yesh-m	we came
przyszliście	pshih-shem-yesh-tyeh	you (plural) came
przyszli	pshih-shem-yee	they came

Examples[edit | edit source]

Here are some example sentences using irregular verbs in the past tense:

Byłem w Polsce. (I was in Poland.)
Miałeś dużo pracy. (You had a lot of work.)
Przyszedł do mnie wczoraj. (He came to me yesterday.)

Perfective and Imperfective Aspects[edit | edit source]

In Polish, verbs can be classified into two aspects: perfective and imperfective. The aspect of a verb indicates whether the action is seen as completed or ongoing. The past tense forms for perfective and imperfective verbs differ slightly. Let's explore the differences between the two aspects in the past tense:

Perfective Verbs[edit | edit source]

Perfective verbs in the past tense have a distinct set of endings. Here are the forms for each gender and number:

Polish	Pronunciation	English
zrobiłem	zroh-bee-wem	I did
zrobiłeś	zroh-bee-wesh	you (singular) did
zrobił	zroh-beew	he did
zrobiliśmy	zroh-bee-weesh-m	we did
zrobiliście	zroh-bee-weesh-tyeh	you (plural) did
zrobili	zroh-bee-wee	they did

Imperfective Verbs[edit | edit source]

The past tense forms for imperfective verbs have different endings compared to perfective verbs. Let's take a look:

Polish	Pronunciation	English
robiłem	roh-bee-wem	I was doing
robiłeś	roh-bee-wesh	you (singular) were doing
robił	roh-beew	he was doing
robiliśmy	roh-bee-weesh-m	we were doing
robiliście	roh-bee-weesh-tyeh	you (plural) were doing
robili	roh-bee-wee	they were doing

Examples[edit | edit source]

Let's see how perfective and imperfective verbs are used in sentences:

Zrobiłem zadanie. (I did the task.) - perfective
Robiłem zadanie. (I was doing the task.) - imperfective
Zrobiłeś prezent dla mnie. (You did a present for me.) - perfective
Robiłeś prezent dla mnie. (You were doing a present for me.) - imperfective

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Congratulations! You have learned how to form and use the past tense in Polish. We covered regular and irregular verbs, as well as the distinction between perfective and imperfective aspects. By practicing the past tense, you will become more confident in expressing past events and experiences in Polish. Keep up the great work and continue exploring the rich world of Polish grammar and language!

Table of Contents - Polish Course - 0 to A1[edit source]

Course Presentation

Alphabet and Pronunciation

Greetings and Introductions

Basic Sentence Structure

Numbers and Time

Nouns and Articles

Family and Relationships

Adjectives and Adverbs

Food and Dining

Verbs and Tenses

Travel and Transportation

Polish Customs and Traditions

Videos[edit | edit source]

p1s - POLISH PAST TENSE[edit | edit source]

JAK WEEKEND? Past tense - step 1[edit | edit source]

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

◀️ Present Tense — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Modes of Transportation ▶️

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+<span pgnav>
+{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
+|[[Language/Polish/Grammar/Present-Tense|◀️ Present Tense — Previous Lesson]]
+|[[Language/Polish/Vocabulary/Modes-of-Transportation|Next Lesson — Modes of Transportation ▶️]]
+|}
+</span>
+{{Polish-Page-Top}}
+<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Polish|Polish]]  → [[Language/Polish/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Polish/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Verbs and Tenses → Past Tense</div>
+__TOC__
 == Introduction ==
-Like the future tense ([[Language/Polish/Grammar/Future-Tense]]), the Polish past tense has two aspects, perfective and imperfective, and is shown with the same pairs. Polish past tense will tell you person, number, gender, and aspect. Basic rules are as follows: directly after the verb stem, you can have e (or nothing) which indicate the person or object is masculine, a, which indicates feminine. There's also i which indicates at least one or more Animate/living male persons, or y which indicates no animate/living male persons. Directly after these you may have m, which indicates first person, ś which indicates second, nothing, which indicates third singular or third plural, śmy which indicates first plural, or ście, which is second plural. For clarity, examples will be given below.
-== Perfective ==
+In this lesson, we will explore the past tense in Polish. The past tense is used to talk about actions or events that have already happened. By learning how to form and use the past tense, you will be able to express yourself more accurately in Polish and engage in conversations about past experiences, stories, or historical events. We will cover regular and irregular verbs, as well as the distinction between perfective and imperfective aspects. Let's dive into the fascinating world of the Polish past tense!
-Zrobić
+== Regular Verbs in the Past Tense ==
+In Polish, regular verbs in the past tense are formed by adding specific endings to the verb stem. The endings depend on the gender, number, and person of the subject. Let's take a look at the different endings for each gender and number:
+=== Masculine Verbs ===
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Polish !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| uczyłem || ooch-eh-wem || I taught
+|-
+| uczyłeś || ooch-eh-wesh || you (singular) taught
+|-
+| uczył || ooch-eh-wew || he taught
+|-
+| uczyliśmy || ooch-eh-weesh-m || we taught
+|-
+| uczyliście || ooch-eh-weesh-tyeh || you (plural) taught
+|-
+| uczyli || ooch-eh-wee || they taught
+|}
+=== Feminine Verbs ===
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Polish !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| uczyłam || ooch-eh-wam || I taught
+|-
+| uczyłaś || ooch-eh-wash || you (singular) taught
+|-
+| uczyła || ooch-eh-vah || she taught
+|-
+| uczyłyśmy || ooch-eh-wish-m || we taught
+|-
+| uczyłyście || ooch-eh-wish-tyeh || you (plural) taught
+|-
+| uczyły || ooch-eh-wee || they taught
+|}
+=== Neuter Verbs ===
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Polish !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| uczyło || ooch-eh-wo || it taught
+|-
+| uczyłyśmy || ooch-eh-wish-m || we taught
+|-
+| uczyłyście || ooch-eh-wish-tyeh || you (plural) taught
+|-
+| uczyły || ooch-eh-wee || they taught
+|}
+=== Examples ===
+Now let's see these verb forms in action with some examples:
+* Ja uczyłem polskiego. (I taught Polish.)
+* Ty uczyłeś matematyki. (You taught math.)
+* On uczył historii. (He taught history.)
+* My uczyliśmy angielskiego. (We taught English.)
+* Wy uczyliście francuskiego. (You taught French.)
+* Oni uczyli niemieckiego. (They taught German.)
+== Irregular Verbs in the Past Tense ==
+While regular verbs follow a predictable pattern in the past tense, there are also many irregular verbs in Polish. These verbs have unique conjugations and do not follow the standard rules. It's important to memorize the conjugation of irregular verbs to use them correctly in sentences. Let's explore some common irregular verbs in the past tense:
+=== Być (to be) ===
+The verb "być" (to be) is highly irregular in Polish and has its own unique conjugation in the past tense. Here are the forms for each gender and number:
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Polish !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| byłem || bih-wem || I was
+|-
+| byłeś || bih-wesh || you (singular) were
+|-
+| był || bihw || he was
+|-
+| byliśmy || bih-weesh-m || we were
+|-
+| byliście || bih-weesh-tyeh || you (plural) were
+|-
+| byli || bih-wee || they were
+|}
+=== Mieć (to have) ===
+The verb "mieć" (to have) is another irregular verb in Polish. Here are its forms in the past tense:
 {| class="wikitable"
-!Singular
+! Polish !! Pronunciation !! English
-!Male
+|-
-!Female
+| miałem || myah-wem || I had
-!Neuter
 |-
-|1st (ja)
+| miałeś || myah-wesh || you (singular) had
-|Zrobiłem
-|Zrobiłam
-|
 |-
-|2nd (ty)
+| miał || myahw || he had
-|Zrobiłeś
-|Zrobiłaś
-|
 |-
-|3rd (on, ona, ono)
+| mieliśmy || myeh-leesh-m || we had
-|Zrobił
+|-
-|Zrobiła
+| mieliście || myeh-leesh-tyeh || you (plural) had
-|Zrobiło
+|-
+| mieli || myeh-lee || they had
 |}
+=== Przyjść (to come) ===
+The verb "przyjść" (to come) is irregular in the past tense as well. Let's take a look at its conjugation:
 {| class="wikitable"
-!Plural
+! Polish !! Pronunciation !! English
-!masculine (męskoosobowy)
+|-
-!not masculine (niemęskoosobowy)
+| przyszedłem || pshih-shed-wem || I came
-!
 |-
-|1st (my)
+| przyszedłeś || pshih-shed-wesh || you (singular) came
-|Zrobiliśmy
-|Zrobiłyście
-|
 |-
-|2nd (wy)
+| przyszedł || pshih-shed-wew || he came
-|Zrobiliście
-|Zrobiłyście
-|
 |-
-|3rd (oni/one)
+| przyszliśmy || pshih-shem-yesh-m || we came
-|Zrobili
+|-
-|Zrobiły
+| przyszliście || pshih-shem-yesh-tyeh || you (plural) came
-|
+|-
+| przyszli || pshih-shem-yee || they came
 |}
-== Imperfective ==
+=== Examples ===
-Próbować
+Here are some example sentences using irregular verbs in the past tense:
+* Byłem w Polsce. (I was in Poland.)
+* Miałeś dużo pracy. (You had a lot of work.)
+* Przyszedł do mnie wczoraj. (He came to me yesterday.)
+== Perfective and Imperfective Aspects ==
+In Polish, verbs can be classified into two aspects: perfective and imperfective. The aspect of a verb indicates whether the action is seen as completed or ongoing. The past tense forms for perfective and imperfective verbs differ slightly. Let's explore the differences between the two aspects in the past tense:
+=== Perfective Verbs ===
+Perfective verbs in the past tense have a distinct set of endings. Here are the forms for each gender and number:
 {| class="wikitable"
-!Singular
+! Polish !! Pronunciation !! English
-!Male
+|-
-!Female
+| zrobiłem || zroh-bee-wem || I did
-!Neuter
+|-
+| zrobiłeś || zroh-bee-wesh || you (singular) did
 |-
-|1st (ja)
+| zrobił || zroh-beew || he did
-|Próbowałem
-|Próbowałam
-|
 |-
-|2nd (ty)
+| zrobiliśmy || zroh-bee-weesh-m || we did
-|Próbowałeś
-|Próbowałaś
-|
 |-
-|3rd (on, ona, ono)
+| zrobiliście || zroh-bee-weesh-tyeh || you (plural) did
-|Próbował
+|-
-|Próbowała
+| zrobili || zroh-bee-wee || they did
-|Próbowało
 |}
+=== Imperfective Verbs ===
+The past tense forms for imperfective verbs have different endings compared to perfective verbs. Let's take a look:
 {| class="wikitable"
-!Plural
+! Polish !! Pronunciation !! English
-!masculine (męskoosobowy)
+|-
-!not masculine (niemęskoosobowy)
+| robiłem || roh-bee-wem || I was doing
-!
+|-
+| robiłeś || roh-bee-wesh || you (singular) were doing
 |-
-|1st (my)
+| robił || roh-beew || he was doing
-|Próbowaliśmy
-|Próbowałyście
-|
 |-
-|2nd (wy)
+| robiliśmy || roh-bee-weesh-m || we were doing
-|Próbowaliście
-|Próbowałyście
-|
 |-
-|3rd (oni/one)
+| robiliście || roh-bee-weesh-tyeh || you (plural) were doing
-|Próbowali
+|-
-|Próbowały
+| robili || roh-bee-wee || they were doing
-|
 |}
-Polish language-past tense - perfective and imperfective:
-singular number
+=== Examples ===
-- 1st person  :  male, female
+Let's see how perfective and imperfective verbs are used in sentences:
-- 2nd person : male, female
+* Zrobiłem zadanie. (I did the task.) - perfective
+* Robiłem zadanie. (I was doing the task.) - imperfective
+* Zrobiłeś prezent dla mnie. (You did a present for me.) - perfective
+* Robiłeś prezent dla mnie. (You were doing a present for me.) - imperfective
-- 3rd person :  male, female, neute
+== Conclusion ==
-plural number :
+Congratulations! You have learned how to form and use the past tense in Polish. We covered regular and irregular verbs, as well as the distinction between perfective and imperfective aspects. By practicing the past tense, you will become more confident in expressing past events and experiences in Polish. Keep up the great work and continue exploring the rich world of Polish grammar and language!
-- 1st person  : masculine , not masculine
+{{#seo:
+|title=Polish Grammar → Verbs and Tenses → Past Tense
+|keywords=Polish grammar, Polish verbs, Polish past tense, regular verbs, irregular verbs, perfective aspect, imperfective aspect
+|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to form and use the past tense in Polish, including regular and irregular verbs, and the difference between perfective and imperfective aspects.
+}}
-- 2nd person : masculine, not masculine
+{{Polish-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
--3rd person   : masculine, not masculine
+[[Category:Course]]
+[[Category:Polish-Course]]
+[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
+[[Category:Polish-0-to-A1-Course]]
+<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo-16k></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
+==Videos==
+===p1s - POLISH PAST TENSE===
+<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2NonHfFiTKU</youtube>
+===JAK WEEKEND? Past tense - step 1===
+<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zCtVWurtIrI</youtube>
+==Other Lessons==
+* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Definite-Articles-in-Polish|Definite Articles in Polish]]
+* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/być-to-be|być to be]]
+* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Adverbs|Adverbs]]
+* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]
+* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]
+* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Plural|Plural]]
+* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Declension-of-nouns---deklinacja-rzeczowników|Declension of nouns deklinacja rzeczowników]]
+* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Be-Polite|Be Polite]]
+* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]]
+{{Polish-Page-Bottom}}
+<span pgnav>
+{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
+|[[Language/Polish/Grammar/Present-Tense|◀️ Present Tense — Previous Lesson]]
+|[[Language/Polish/Vocabulary/Modes-of-Transportation|Next Lesson — Modes of Transportation ▶️]]
+|}
+</span>

Difference between revisions of "Language/Polish/Grammar/Past-Tense"

Latest revision as of 03:15, 17 June 2023

Introduction[edit | edit source]

Regular Verbs in the Past Tense[edit | edit source]

Masculine Verbs[edit | edit source]

Feminine Verbs[edit | edit source]

Neuter Verbs[edit | edit source]

Examples[edit | edit source]

Irregular Verbs in the Past Tense[edit | edit source]

Być (to be)[edit | edit source]

Mieć (to have)[edit | edit source]

Przyjść (to come)[edit | edit source]

Examples[edit | edit source]

Perfective and Imperfective Aspects[edit | edit source]

Perfective Verbs[edit | edit source]

Imperfective Verbs[edit | edit source]

Examples[edit | edit source]

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Table of Contents - Polish Course - 0 to A1[edit source]

Videos[edit | edit source]

p1s - POLISH PAST TENSE[edit | edit source]

JAK WEEKEND? Past tense - step 1[edit | edit source]

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

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