Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Must‐Know-Words-for-Polyglots

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Must-know words for polyglots.
Words polyglots.png

[Lesson in progress]

Polyglots are really passionate about language learning and linguistics, therefore it's important for them to learn all kinds of terms. On this page, you will find the most important ones.

If you need a full GLOSSARY OF LINGUISTIC TERMS, see:

If you need a clear categorization of linguistics, see:

linguistics
theoretical linguistics
phonology morphology syntax semantics pragmatics
descriptive linguistics
anthropological linguistics historical linguistics phonetics etymology sociolinguistics
applied linguistics
computational linguistics neurolinguistics psycholinguistics
rhetoric orthography lexicology lexicography stylistics
semiotics
varity
dialect ideolect standard language
pidgin
creole
register
phone
consonant
pulmonic consonant non–pulmonic consonant
ejective consonant click consonant implosive consonant
place of articulation
labial consonant
bilabial consonant labiodental consonant
coronal consonant
linguolabial consonant interdental consonant denti-alveolar consonant dental consonant apical consonant alveolar consonant postalveolar consonant
palato-alveolar consonant retroflex consonant
dorsal consonant
postalveolar consonant
alveolo-palatal consonant
palatal consonant velar consonant uvular consonant
laryngeal consonant
pharyngeal consonant glottal consonant
manner of articulation
obstruent
stop consonant affricate consonant fricative consonant
sibilant
sonorant*
nasal consonant approximant consonant
semivowel
vibrant consonant
flap/tap consonant trill consonant
liquid consonant
rhotic consonant lateral consonant
occlusive continuant
vowel
close vowel near-close vowel close-mid vowel mid vowel open-mid vowel near-open vowel open vowel
front vowel central vowel back vowel
unrounded vowel & rounded vowel
nasal vowel nasalisation
phoneme
syllable
letter
letter case diacritic
writing system
alphabet abjad abugida syllabary semi-syllabary logogram
ideogram
pictogram
emoji emoticon
International Phonetic Alphabet
sound change
seme sememe
glyph grapheme
morpheme
bound morpheme & free morpheme
clitic
lexeme word
lemma
cognate
word formation
loanword
anglicism
derivation compound blend word
portmanteau
acronym calque neologism backward-formation
root
stem affix
prefix suffix infix circumfix interfix duplifix transfix simulfix suprafix disfix
idiom proverb
parse tree
constituency-based parse tree dependency-based parse tree
function word content word
part of speech
conjunction
interjection
contraction
particle
classifier
numeral
cardinal number ordinal number multiplier distributive number nominal number
adjective
attributive adjective predicative adjective nominalized adjective
adverb
determiner
article
definite article indifinite article zero article
demonstrative determiner
possessive determiner
quantifier
adposition
preposition postposition circumposition
noun
countable noun uncountable noun
collective noun
abstract noun concrete noun
common noun proper noun
pronoun
personal pronoun
reflexive pronoun reciprocal pronoun
relative pronoun
verb
impersonal verb intransitive verb transitive verb ditransitive verb tritransitive verb
modal verb
reflexive verb
auxiliary verb
finite verb nonfinite verb
infinitive participle gerund
phrase
adverbial phrase adjective phrase noun phrase adpositional phrase verb phrase
clause
argument clause adjuctive clause predicative clause
dependent clause independent clause
sentence
simple sentence compound sentence complex sentence compound–complex sentence
declaritive sentence interrogative sentence exclamatory sentence imperative sentence instructive sentence
major sentence minor sentence
copula
grammar
predicate
attributive
complement
typography
punctuation
comma
period
exclamation mark
question mark
colon
semicolon
quotation mark
guillemet
apostrophe
hyphen
dash
ellipsis
slash
brackets
round brackets square brackets curly brackets
interpunct
space
typeface
roman type
sans-serif serif
font
computer font
character encoding
ASCII
Unicode
emphasis
italic bold underline
calligraphy
grammatical category
person
first person second person third person
subject object
argument adjunct complement
valency
honorifics
gender
masculine feminine neuter
animate inanimate
case
nominative case accusative case dative case ablative case genitive case vocative case locative case instrumental case oblique case
tense
past tense present tense future tense
aspect
simple aspect progressive aspect & continous aspect perfect aspect prospective aspect
mood
realis mood
indicative mood energenic mood
irrealis mood
subjunctive mood conditional mood optative mood imperative mood interrogative mood jussive mood potential mood desiderative mood
voice
active voice passive voice
inflection
conjugation declension
comparison
positive comparative superlative
polarity
affirmation negation
number
singular plural
clusivity
animacy
telicity
topic & comment
serial verb construction
attributive
adverbial
apposition
collocation
linguistic typology
word order
analystic language
isolating language
synthetic language
fusional language agglutinative language polysynthetic language
language family dialect continuum language isolate proto-language constructed language
hyponym & hypernym
meronym holonym
calligraphy
linguistic relativity
Kurgan hypothesis
Rosetta Stone
Swadesh list
  • sonorant also includes vowels.

-- AUTHOR --

GrimPixel


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