Difference between revisions of "Language/Multiple-languages/Grammar/Punctuation-of-many-languages"
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[[File:punctuation-in-many-languages2.jpg|thumb | [[File:punctuation-in-many-languages2.jpg|thumb]] | ||
Welcome to our lesson on "Punctuation of many languages"! 🌍 | |||
In this lesson, we will explore the fascinating world of punctuation across various languages. | |||
=== | Punctuation: it's more than just dots and lines. It's a tool that gives our words shape, adds rhythm to our sentences, and subtly conveys meaning beyond the words themselves. Yet, punctuation isn't the same in every language. It varies, reflecting the unique structures and styles of different languages. | ||
This page is designed to provide you with references and offer comparisons of punctuation usage in various languages. | |||
__TOC__ | |||
* Other related lessons: As you dive into this topic, you may also find it helpful to explore other related pages, such as [[Language/Multiple-languages/Grammar/TeKaMoLo-in-multiple-languages|TeKaMoLo in multiple languages]], which can provide you with a deeper understanding of grammar rules in different languages. Additionally, you might be interested in learning about [[Language/Multiple-languages/Culture/Techniques-for-learning-languages|Multiple-languages Culture - Techniques for learning languages]] to enhance your language learning journey. And don't forget to check out [[Language/Multiple-languages/Grammar/Various-word-orders-in-various-languages|Various word orders in various languages]] to further expand your knowledge of grammar structures across languages. Enjoy your exploration, and happy language learning! 😊 | |||
== Symbol == | |||
=== The most common === | |||
Note: the followings are scripts instead of languages. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! | !script | ||
!comma | !comma | ||
!period | !full stop / period | ||
!question mark | !question mark | ||
!exclamation mark | !exclamation mark | ||
Line 14: | Line 24: | ||
!semicolon | !semicolon | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! | ||
|<big><big><big> | * Adlam | ||
|<big><big>⹁</big></big> | |||
|<big><big>.</big></big> | |||
|<big><big>𞥟 … ؟</big></big> | |||
|<big><big>! … 𞥞</big></big> | |||
|<big><big>(…)</big></big> | |||
|<big><big>:</big></big> | |||
|<big><big>⁏</big></big> | |||
|- | |||
! | |||
*Arabic | |||
|<big><big>،</big></big> | |||
''common'' | ''common'' | ||
<big><big>⹁</big></big> | |||
''Sindhi'' | ''Sindhi'' | ||
| | |<big><big>.</big></big> | ||
''common'' | ''common'' | ||
<big><big>۔</big></big> | |||
''Urdu'' | ''Urdu'' | ||
| | |<big><big>؟</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>!</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>(…)</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>:</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>؛</big></big> | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Armenian | ! | ||
| | *Armenian | ||
| | |<big><big>,</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>։</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>՞</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>՜</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>(…)</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>․</big></big> | ||
|<big><big>;</big></big> | |||
|- | |- | ||
!Bamum | ! | ||
| | *Bamum | ||
| | |<big><big>꛵</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>꛳</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>꛷</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>!</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>(…)</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>꛴</big></big> | ||
|<big><big>꛶</big></big> | |||
|- | |- | ||
!Bengali | ! | ||
Telugu | *Bengali | ||
*Telugu | |||
*Tamil | |||
*Gujarati | |||
*Gurmukhi | |||
*Malayalam | |||
*Kannada | |||
*Oriya | |||
|<big><big>,</big></big> | |||
|<big><big>।</big></big> | |||
''common'' | |||
<big><big>.</big></big> | |||
''alternative'' | |||
|<big><big>?</big></big> | |||
|<big><big>!</big></big> | |||
|<big><big>(…)</big></big> | |||
|<big><big>:</big></big> | |||
|<big><big>;</big></big> | |||
|- | |||
! | |||
* Burmese | |||
|<big><big><big> | |<big><big>၊</big></big> | ||
|<big><big><big> | |<big><big>။</big></big> | ||
''common'' | ''common'' | ||
<big><big> | <big><big>၏</big></big> | ||
'' | ''when ends with a verb'' | ||
|<big><big> | |<big><big>း။</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>!</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>(…)</big></big> | ||
|<big><big> | |<big><big>–</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>;</big></big> | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Cyrillic | ! | ||
Georgian | *Cyrillic | ||
*Georgian | |||
Hebrew | *Hebrew | ||
| | |<big><big>,</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>.</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>?</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>!</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>(…)</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>:</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>;</big></big> | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Devanagari | ! | ||
| | *Devanagari | ||
| | |<big><big>,</big></big> | ||
|<big><big>।</big></big> | |||
''common'' | ''common'' | ||
<big><big>.</big></big> | |||
''Marathi'' | ''Marathi'' | ||
| | |<big><big>?</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>!</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>(…)</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>:</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>;</big></big> | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Greek | ! | ||
| | *Greek | ||
| | |<big><big>,</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>.</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>;</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>!</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>(…)</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>:</big></big> | ||
|<big><big>‧</big></big> | |||
|- | |- | ||
!Ge'ez | ! | ||
| | *Ge'ez | ||
| | |<big><big>፣</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>።</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>፧</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>!</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>(…)</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>፥</big></big> | ||
|<big><big>፤</big></big> | |||
|- | |- | ||
!Han | ! | ||
| | *Han | ||
| | |<big><big>,</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>。</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>?</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>!</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>(…)</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>:</big></big> | ||
|<big><big>;</big></big> | |||
|- | |- | ||
!Japanese | ! | ||
| | *Japanese | ||
|<big><big>、</big></big> | |||
''vertical; horizontal Jichishō standard'' | ''vertical; horizontal Jichishō standard'' | ||
<big><big>,</big></big> | |||
''horizontal Monbushō standard'' | ''horizontal Monbushō standard'' | ||
| | |<big><big>。</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>?</big></big> | ||
|<big><big>!</big></big> | |||
|<big><big>(…)</big></big> | |||
|<big><big>:</big></big> | |||
|<big><big>;</big></big> | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
!Korean | ! | ||
| | *Korean | ||
|<big><big>,</big></big> | |||
''horizontal'' | ''horizontal'' | ||
<big><big>、</big></big> | |||
''vertical'' | ''vertical'' | ||
| | |<big><big>.</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>?</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>!</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>(…)</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>:</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>;</big></big> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! | ||
|<big><big><big> | * Khmer | ||
|<big><big><big> | |<big><big>។</big></big> | ||
|<big><big><big> | |<big><big>។</big></big> | ||
|<big><big>?</big></big> | |||
|<big><big>!</big></big> | |||
|<big><big>(…)</big></big> | |||
|'''៖''' | |||
|<big><big>;</big></big> | |||
|- | |||
! | |||
*Latin | |||
|<big><big>,</big></big> | |||
|<big><big>.</big></big> | |||
|<big><big>?</big></big> | |||
''common'' | ''common'' | ||
<big><big>¿…?</big></big> | |||
''Spanish, Catalan'' | ''Spanish, Catalan'' | ||
| | |<big><big>!</big></big> | ||
''common'' | ''common'' | ||
<big><big>¡…!</big></big> | |||
''Spanish, Catalan'' | ''Spanish, Catalan'' | ||
| | |<big><big>(…)</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>:</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>;</big></big> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! | ||
|<big><big><big> | * Lisu | ||
|<big><big><big>.</big></big></big> | |꓾ | ||
|꓿ | |||
|<big><big>?</big></big> | |||
|<big><big>!</big></big> | |||
|<big><big>(…)</big></big> | |||
|<big><big>:</big></big> | |||
|<big><big>;</big></big> | |||
|- | |||
! | |||
* '''Medefaidrin''' | |||
|𖺗 | |||
|𖺘 | |||
|<big><big>?</big></big> | |||
|<big><big>!</big></big> | |||
|<big><big>(…)</big></big> | |||
|<big><big>:</big></big> | |||
|<big><big>;</big></big> | |||
|- | |||
! | |||
* Mongolian | |||
|᠈ | |||
''Manchu'' | |||
|᠉ | |||
''Manchu'' | |||
|<big><big>?</big></big> | |||
|<big><big>!</big></big> | |||
|<big><big>(…)</big></big> | |||
|<big><big>:</big></big> | |||
|<big><big>;</big></big> | |||
|- | |||
! | |||
* N'ko | |||
|߸ | |||
|<big><big>.</big></big> | |||
|<big><big>?</big></big> | |||
|߹ | |||
|<big><big>(…)</big></big> | |||
|<big><big>:</big></big> | |||
|<big><big>;</big></big> | |||
|- | |||
! | |||
* Newa | |||
|𑑍 | |||
|<big><big>.</big></big> | |||
|<big><big>?</big></big> | |||
|߹ | |||
|<big><big>(…)</big></big> | |||
|<big><big>:</big></big> | |||
|<big><big>;</big></big> | |||
|- | |||
! | |||
* SignWriting | |||
|𝪇 | |||
|𝪈 | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|𝪋 | |||
|𝪊 | |||
|𝪉 | |||
|- | |||
! | |||
*Sinhala | |||
|<big><big>,</big></big> | |||
|<big><big>.</big></big> | |||
''new'' | ''new'' | ||
<big><big>෴</big></big> | |||
''old'' | ''old'' | ||
| | |<big><big>?</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>!</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>(…)</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>:</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>;</big></big> | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Thai | ! | ||
*Thai | |||
|''(none)'' | |''(none)'' | ||
|''(space)'' | |''(space)'' | ||
| | |<big><big>?</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>!</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>(…)</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>:</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>;</big></big> | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Vai | ! | ||
| | *Vai | ||
|<big><big>,</big></big> | |||
''new'' | ''new'' | ||
<big><big>꘍</big></big> | |||
''old'' | ''old'' | ||
| | |<big><big>.</big></big> | ||
''new'' | ''new'' | ||
<big><big>꘎</big></big> | |||
''old'' | ''old'' | ||
| | |<big><big>꘏</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>꘎꘎</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>(…)</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>:</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>;</big></big> | ||
|} | |} | ||
'''Note:''' | '''Note:''' | ||
Line 232: | Line 343: | ||
=== Quotation marks === | === Quotation marks === | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
!language | !language | ||
Line 239: | Line 349: | ||
!spacing | !spacing | ||
|- | |- | ||
|English, | | | ||
Scottish Gaelic | * English, Great Britain and Northern Ireland | ||
* Scottish Gaelic | |||
Welsh | * Welsh | ||
| | |<big><big>‘…’</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>“…”</big></big> | ||
|English: 1–2 pt | |English: 1–2 pt | ||
Welsh: 1–2 pt | Welsh: 1–2 pt | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Afrikaans | | | ||
Chinese, | * Afrikaans | ||
* Chinese, People's Republic of China | |||
English, United States | * Dutch | ||
* English, United States of America | |||
English, Canada | * English, Canada | ||
* Esperanto | |||
Esperanto | * Filipino | ||
* Hindi | |||
Filipino | * Interlingua | ||
* Irish | |||
Hindi | * Korean, Republic of Korea | ||
* Malay, Indonesia | |||
* Maltese | |||
* Portuguese, Brazil | |||
Irish | * Spanish, Mexico | ||
* Tamil | |||
* Thai | |||
* Turkish | |||
Maltese | * Urdu | ||
|<big><big>“…”</big></big> | |||
Portuguese, Brazil | |<big><big>‘…’</big></big> | ||
Thai | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|English: 1–2 pt | |English: 1–2 pt | ||
Chinese: fullwidth | Chinese: fullwidth | ||
Line 279: | Line 385: | ||
Irish: 1–2 pt | Irish: 1–2 pt | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Lao | | | ||
Vietnamese | * Lao | ||
* Vietnamese | |||
|<big><big>“…”</big></big> | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
* Latvian | |||
|<big><big>“…”</big></big> | |||
<big><big>„…”</big></big> | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Finnish | | | ||
Swedish | * Finnish | ||
| | * Swedish | ||
| | |<big><big>”…”</big></big> | ||
|<big><big>’…’</big></big> | |||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Bosnian | | | ||
| | * Bosnian | ||
|<big><big>”…”</big></big> | |||
| | <big><big>„…”</big></big> | ||
|<big><big>’…’</big></big> | |||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
Hebrew | * Hebrew | ||
| | |<big><big>„…”</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>‚…’</big></big> | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Serbian | | | ||
|<big><big><big> | * Serbian | ||
|<big><big>„…”</big></big> | |||
|<big><big>’…’</big></big> | |||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Croatian | | | ||
|<big><big><big> | * Croatian | ||
|<big><big>„…”</big></big> | |||
|<big><big>‘…’</big></big> | |||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Romanian | | | ||
|<big><big><big> | * Romanian | ||
|<big><big>„…”</big></big> | |||
|<big><big>«…»</big></big> | |||
|none | |none | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Polish | | | ||
|<big><big> | * Polish | ||
|<big><big>„…”</big></big> | |||
|<big><big>»…«</big></big> | |||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Hungarian | | | ||
|<big><big><big> | * Hungarian | ||
|<big><big>„…”</big></big> | |||
|<big><big>»…«</big></big> | |||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Czech | | | ||
German | * Czech | ||
* German, Germany | |||
Icelandic | * Icelandic | ||
* Lithuanian | |||
Slovak | * Slovak | ||
* Slovenian | |||
Slovenian | * Sorbian | ||
|<big><big>„…“</big></big> | |||
Sorbian | |<big><big>‚…‘</big></big> | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Bulgarian | | | ||
|<big><big><big> | * Bulgarian | ||
<big><big><big> | |<big><big>„…“</big></big> | ||
|<big><big>’…’</big></big> | |||
<big><big>‘…’</big></big> | |||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Macedonian | | | ||
|<big><big><big> | * Macedonian | ||
|<big><big>„…“</big></big> | |||
|<big><big>’…‘</big></big> | |||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Albanian | | | ||
|<big><big><big> | * Albanian | ||
|<big><big>„…“</big></big> | |||
|<big><big>‘…’</big></big> | |||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Estonian | | | ||
Georgian | * Estonian | ||
* Georgian | |||
|<big><big>„…“</big></big> | |||
| | | | ||
|Georgian: none | |Georgian: none | ||
|- | |- | ||
|French | | | ||
* Amharic | |||
|<big><big><big> | * French, Switzerland | ||
<big><big><big> | * German, Switzerland | ||
* Italian, Switzerland | |||
* Romansh | |||
* Uighur | |||
|<big><big>«…» </big></big> | |||
|<big><big>‹…› </big></big> | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
* French, France | |||
|<big><big>«…» </big></big> | |||
|<big><big>“…”</big></big> | |||
<big><big>«…»</big></big> | |||
|¼ em | |¼ em | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
Catalan | * Basque | ||
* Catalan | |||
Greek | * Galician | ||
* Greek | |||
Italian | * Italian, Italy | ||
* Occitan | |||
Occitan | * Portuguese, Portugal | ||
* Spanish, Spain | |||
Portuguese, Portugal | |<big><big>«…» </big></big> | ||
|<big><big>“…”</big></big> | |||
Spanish | |||
|<big><big><big> | |||
|Catalan: none | |Catalan: none | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
* Azerbaijani | |||
* Belarusian | |||
Uzbek | * Mongolian (Cyrillic) | ||
|<big><big><big> | * Russian | ||
* Uzbek | |||
|<big><big>«…» </big></big> | |||
|<big><big>„…“</big></big> | |||
|Russian: none | |Russian: none | ||
Ukranian: none | Ukranian: none | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|<big><big><big> | * Ukrainian | ||
|<big><big>«…»</big></big> | |||
|<big><big>“…”</big></big> | |||
<big><big>‘…’</big></big> | |||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
* Ido | |||
|<big><big>«…» </big></big> | |||
|<big><big>‘…’</big></big> | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
* Norwegian | |||
|<big><big>«…» </big></big> | |||
|<big><big>’…’</big></big> | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
* Arabic | |||
Kazakh | * Armenian | ||
* Kazakh | |||
Khmer | * Khmer | ||
* Pashto | |||
* Persian | |||
* Tigrinya | |||
* Uyghur | |||
|<big><big>«…»</big></big> | |||
Pashto | |||
Persian | |||
Tigrinya | |||
| | | | ||
|Arabic: optional | |Arabic: optional | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|< | * Mongolian (Mongolian) | ||
|<p style="writing-mode:vertical-rl;"><big><big>《…》</big></big></p> | |||
|< | |<p style="writing-mode:vertical-rl;"><big><big>〈…〉</big></big></p> | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
* Danish | |||
|<big><big>»…«</big></big> | |||
<big><big>"…"</big></big> | |||
|<big><big> | |<big><big>›…‹</big></big> | ||
<big><big> | <big><big>‚…‘</big></big> | ||
|<big><big> | |||
<big><big> | |||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|<big><big>< | * Chinese, Hong Kong | ||
< | * Chinese, Republic of China | ||
|<big><big>< | * Japanese | ||
< | |<big><big>「…」<br></big></big> | ||
<p style="writing-mode:vertical-rl;"><big><big>「…」</big></big></p> | |||
|<big><big>『…』<br></big></big> | |||
<p style="writing-mode:vertical-rl;"><big><big>『…』</big></big></p> | |||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Korean, | | | ||
New Tai Lue | * Korean, Democratic People's Republic of Korea | ||
* New Tai Lue | |||
Tai Le | * Tai Le | ||
* Tibetan | |||
Tibetan | |<big><big>《…》</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>〈…〉</big></big> | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Lojban | | | ||
| | * Lojban | ||
|<big><big>lu … li'u</big></big> | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|} | |} | ||
Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quotation_mark | |||
=== Decimal separator === | === Decimal separator === | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
!punctuation | !punctuation | ||
|<big><big><big> | |<big><big>.</big></big> | ||
|<big><big>·</big></big> | |||
| | |<big><big>,</big></big> | ||
|<big><big>٫</big></big> | |||
|- | |- | ||
!country or region | !country or region | ||
| | |||
*Australia | |||
*Anguilla | |||
Anguilla | *Antigua and Barbuda | ||
*Bangladesh | |||
Antigua and Barbuda | *Barbados | ||
*Belize | |||
Bangladesh | *Benin | ||
*Bermuda | |||
Barbados | *British Virgin Islands | ||
*Botswana | |||
Belize | *Brunei | ||
*Cambodia | |||
Benin | *'''Canada''' (English) | ||
*Cayman Islands | |||
Bermuda | *Democratic People's Republic of Korea | ||
*Dominica | |||
British Virgin Islands | *Dominican Republic | ||
*'''Egypt''' | |||
Botswana | *El Salvador | ||
*Eswatini | |||
Brunei | *Ethiopia | ||
*Falkland Island | |||
Cambodia | *Grenada | ||
*Ghana | |||
''' | *Great Britain and Northern Ireland | ||
*Guatemala | |||
Cayman Islands | *Guyana | ||
*Honduras | |||
Democratic People's Republic of Korea | *Hong Kong | ||
*India | |||
Dominica | *'''Ireland''' | ||
*Isle of Mann | |||
Dominican Republic | *Israel | ||
*Jamaica | |||
'''Egypt''' | *Japan | ||
*Kenya | |||
El Salvador | *Lebanon | ||
*Lesotho | |||
Ethiopia | *Libya | ||
*Liberia | |||
Grenada | *Liechtenstein | ||
*'''Luxembourg''' | |||
Ghana | *'''Macau''' (Chinese) | ||
*'''Malaysia''' | |||
Guatemala | *Maldives | ||
*Malta | |||
Guyana | *Malawi | ||
*Mexico | |||
Honduras | *Montserrat | ||
*Myanmar | |||
Hong Kong | *'''Namibia''' | ||
*Nepal | |||
India | *New Zealand | ||
*Nicaragua | |||
Ireland | *Nigeria | ||
*Pakistan | |||
Israel | *Palestine | ||
*Panama | |||
Jamaica | *People's Republic of China | ||
*'''Philippines''' | |||
Japan | *Puerto Rico | ||
*'''Republic of China''' | |||
Kenya | *Republic of Korea | ||
*Saint Helena, Ascencion and Tristan da Cunha | |||
Lebanon | *Saint Kitts and Nevis | ||
*Saint Lucia | |||
Libya | *Saint Martin | ||
*Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | |||
Liberia | *'''Singapore''' | ||
*'''South Africa''' | |||
Liechtenstein | *Sri Lanka | ||
*'''Sudan''' | |||
'''Luxembourg''' | *'''Switzerland''' | ||
*Tanzania | |||
'''Macau''' | *Thailand | ||
*The Bahamas | |||
Malaysia | *The Gambia | ||
*Togo | |||
Maldives | *Trinidad and Tobago | ||
*Turks and Caicos Islands | |||
Malta | *Uganda | ||
*United States of America | |||
Malawi | *United States Virgin Islands | ||
*Zambia | |||
Mexico | *Zimbabwe | ||
| | |||
Montserrat | *'''Ireland''' | ||
*'''Malaysia''' | |||
Myanmar | *'''Philippines''' | ||
*'''Republic of China''' | |||
'''Namibia''' | *'''Singapore''' | ||
| | |||
Nepal | *Albania | ||
*Algeria | |||
New Zealand | *Andorra | ||
*Angola | |||
Nicaragua | *Argentina | ||
*Armenia | |||
Nigeria | *Aruba | ||
*Austria | |||
Pakistan | *Azerbaijan | ||
*Belarus | |||
Palestine | *Belgium | ||
*Benin | |||
Panama | *Bolivia | ||
*Bosnia and Herzegovina | |||
People's Republic of China | *Brazil | ||
*Bulgaria | |||
Philippines | *Burkina Faso | ||
*Burundi | |||
Puerto Rico | *Cabo Verde | ||
*Cameroon | |||
Republic of China | *'''Canada''' (French) | ||
*Central African Republic | |||
Republic of Korea | *Chad | ||
*Chile | |||
Saint Kitts and Nevis | *Colombia | ||
*Costa Rica | |||
Saint Lucia | *Côte d'Ivoire | ||
*Croatia | |||
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | *Cuba | ||
*Curaçao | |||
Singapore | *Cyprus | ||
*Czechia | |||
'''South Africa''' | *Democratic Republic of Congo | ||
*Denmark | |||
Sri Lanka | *Ecuador | ||
*Equatorial Guinea | |||
'''Sudan''' | *Estonia | ||
*Faroes Islands | |||
'''Switzerland''' | *Fiji | ||
*Finland | |||
Tanzania | *France | ||
*French Guiana | |||
Thailand | *Gabon | ||
*Germany | |||
The Bahamas | *Georgia | ||
*Greece | |||
Togo | *Greenland | ||
*Guinea | |||
Trinidad and Tobago | *Guinea-Bissau | ||
*Haiti | |||
Turks and Caicos Islands | *Hungary | ||
*Iceland | |||
Uganda | *Indonesia | ||
*Italy | |||
United | *Kazakhstan | ||
*Kosovo | |||
*Kyrgyzstan | |||
*Latvia | |||
*Lebanon | |||
*Lithuania | |||
*'''Luxembourg''' | |||
|Albania | *'''Macau''' (Portuguese) | ||
*Macedonia | |||
Algeria | *Madagascar | ||
*Malawi | |||
Andorra | *Mali | ||
*Mauritania | |||
Angola | *Moldova | ||
*Monaco | |||
Argentina | *Mongolia | ||
*Montenegro | |||
Armenia | *Morocco | ||
*Mozambique | |||
Austria | *'''Namibia''' | ||
*Netherlands | |||
Azerbaijan | *New Caledonia | ||
*Niger | |||
Belarus | *North Macedonia | ||
*Norway | |||
Belgium | *Paraguay | ||
*Peru | |||
Bolivia | *Pitcairn Island | ||
*Poland | |||
Bosnia and Herzegovina | *Portugal | ||
*Republic of Congo | |||
Brazil | *Romania | ||
*Russia | |||
Bulgaria | *Rwanda | ||
*San Marino | |||
Burkina Faso | *São Tomé and Príncipe | ||
*Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic | |||
Burundi | *Senegal | ||
*Serbia | |||
Cameroon | *Sierra Leone | ||
*Slovakia | |||
'''Canada''' | *Slovenia | ||
*'''South Africa''' | |||
Chile | *Spain | ||
*Suriname | |||
Colombia | *Sweden | ||
*'''Switzerland''' | |||
Costa Rica | *Tajikistan | ||
*Timor-Leste | |||
Croatia | *Togo | ||
*Tunisia | |||
Cuba | *Turkey | ||
*Turkmenistan | |||
Cyprus | *Ukraine | ||
*Uruguay | |||
Czechia | *Uzbekistan | ||
*Vatican City | |||
Democratic Republic of Congo | *Venezuela | ||
*Vietnam | |||
Denmark | | | ||
*Afghanistan | |||
Ecuador | *Bahrain | ||
*'''Egypt''' | |||
Equatorial Guinea | *Iran | ||
*Iraq | |||
Estonia | *Kuwait | ||
*Oman | |||
Faroes Islands | *Qatar | ||
*Saudi Arabia | |||
Finland | *'''Sudan''' | ||
*Syria | |||
France | *United Arab Emirates | ||
French Guiana | |||
Gabon | |||
Germany | |||
Georgia | |||
Greece | |||
Hungary | |||
Iceland | |||
Indonesia | |||
Italy | |||
Kazakhstan | |||
Kosovo | |||
Kyrgyzstan | |||
Latvia | |||
Lebanon | |||
Lithuania | |||
'''Luxembourg''' | |||
'''Macau''' | |||
Macedonia | |||
Madagascar | |||
Mali | |||
Moldova | |||
Mongolia | |||
Morocco | |||
Mozambique | |||
'''Namibia''' | |||
Netherlands | |||
Niger | |||
Norway | |||
Paraguay | |||
Peru | |||
Poland | |||
Portugal | |||
Republic of Congo | |||
Romania | |||
Russia | |||
Rwanda | |||
San Marino | |||
Senegal | |||
Serbia | |||
Sierra | |||
Slovakia | |||
Slovenia | |||
'''South Africa''' | |||
Spain | |||
Sweden | |||
'''Switzerland''' | |||
Timor Leste | |||
Tunisia | |||
Turkey | |||
Turkmenistan | |||
Ukraine | |||
Uruguay | |||
Uzbekistan | |||
Vatican City | |||
Venezuela | |||
Vietnam | |||
|Afghanistan | |||
Bahrain | |||
'''Egypt''' | |||
Iran | |||
Iraq | |||
Kuwait | |||
Oman | |||
Qatar | |||
Saudi Arabia | |||
'''Sudan''' | |||
Syria | |||
United Arab Emirates | |||
|} | |} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
!punctuation | !punctuation | ||
| | |<big><big>.</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>,</big></big> | ||
| | |<big><big>٫</big></big> | ||
|- | |- | ||
!constructed language | !constructed language | ||
| | | | ||
|Esperanto | | | ||
*Esperanto | |||
Ido | *Ido | ||
*Interlingua | |||
Interlingua | *Volapük | ||
Volapük | |||
| | | | ||
|} | |} | ||
Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decimal_separator | |||
=== | === Digit group delimiter === | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | !punctuation | ||
| | |<big><big>,</big></big> | ||
|<big><big>.</big></big> | |||
|<big><big>'</big></big> | |||
|<big><big>''(space)''</big></big> | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | !country or region | ||
| | |||
*Bangladesh | |||
*'''Canada''' (English) | |||
*Democratic People's Republic of Korea | |||
*Great Britain and Northern Ireland | |||
*Hong Kong | |||
*India | |||
*'''Ireland''' | |||
*Israel | |||
*Japan | |||
*Malaysia | |||
*Malta | |||
*Mexico | |||
*New Zealand | |||
*Pakistan | |||
| | *People's Republic of China | ||
*'''Philippines''' | |||
*'''Republic of China''' | |||
*'''Singapore''' | |||
| | *Thailand | ||
| | *United States of America | ||
| | |||
*Argentina | |||
*Austria | |||
*Belgium (Dutch) | |||
*Bosnia and Herzegovina | |||
*Brazil | |||
*Chile | |||
*Colombia | |||
*Costa Rica | |||
*Croatia | |||
*Denmark | |||
*Germany | |||
*Greece | |||
*Indonesia | |||
*'''Ireland''' | |||
*Italy | |||
*'''Malaysia''' | |||
*Netherlands | |||
*'''Philippines''' | |||
*'''Republic of China''' | |||
*Romania | |||
*'''Singapore''' | |||
*Slovenia | |||
*Spain | |||
*Turkey | |||
*Vietnam | |||
| | |||
*Liechtenstein | |||
*'''Switzerland''' | |||
| | |||
*Albania | |||
*Australia | |||
*Belgium (French) | |||
*Bulgaria | |||
*'''Canada''' (English) | |||
*Canada (French) | |||
*Czechia | |||
*Estonia | |||
*Finland | |||
*France | |||
*Hungary | |||
*Italy | |||
*Kosovo | |||
*Latvia | |||
*Lithuania | |||
*Norway | |||
*People's Republic of China | |||
*Peru | |||
*Poland | |||
*Portugal | |||
*Russia | |||
*San Marino | |||
*Slovakia | |||
*South Africa | |||
*Sri Lanka | |||
*Sweden | |||
*'''Switzerland''' | |||
*Ukraine | |||
*Vietnam | |||
|} | |} | ||
Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decimal_separator | |||
== Usage == | == Usage == | ||
=== | === Space === | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+ | |||
! | ! | ||
!to separate | !to separate words | ||
!to separate | !to separate sentences | ||
!to separate | !to separate syllables | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! | ||
* English | |||
* French | |||
* German | |||
|■ | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |||
! | |||
* Thai | |||
* Lao | |||
| | | | ||
|■ | |||
| | | | ||
|- | |||
! | |||
* Vietnamese | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|■ | |||
|- | |||
! | |||
* Chinese | |||
* Japanese | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|} | |||
=== Comma === | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! | |||
!to separate a series of words, phrases or clauses | |||
!to form a compound sentence | |||
!to introduce a quote | |||
! | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! | ||
* English | |||
|■ | |||
|■ | |||
|■ | |||
| | | | ||
|- | |||
! | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |||
! | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
Line 948: | Line 1,015: | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | |} | ||
| | |||
=== Enumeration comma === | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ | |||
! | |||
!to separate words in a list | |||
! | |||
! | |||
|- | |||
! | |||
* Chinese | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
Line 958: | Line 1,035: | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | |- | ||
! | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
Line 966: | Line 1,042: | ||
|} | |} | ||
=== | === Period === | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! | ! | ||
Line 973: | Line 1,049: | ||
! | ! | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
Line 989: | Line 1,065: | ||
|} | |} | ||
=== | === Question mark === | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! | ! | ||
!to indicate a direct question | |||
|- | |||
! | ! | ||
* English | |||
|■ | |||
|- | |||
! | ! | ||
* Japanese | |||
|□ | |||
|- | |||
! | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
=== Exclamation mark === | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! | |||
!to indicate an exclamation | |||
!to indicate a command | |||
!to be used with imperative mood | |||
! | ! | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | ! | ||
| | * English | ||
|■ | |||
|■ | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | |||
* German | |||
|■ | |||
| | | | ||
| | |■ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|} | |} | ||
=== | === Quotation marks === | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! | ! | ||
!to indicate direct speech | |||
!to indicate special meaning | |||
|- | |||
! | ! | ||
* English | |||
|■ | |||
|■ | |||
|- | |||
! | ! | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |||
! | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|} | |||
=== Colon === | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! | |||
!to indicate a series of words | |||
!to indicate description | |||
!to indicate explanation | |||
!to indicate definition | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | |||
* English | |||
|■ | |||
|■ | |||
|■ | |||
|■ | |||
|- | |||
! | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
Line 1,029: | Line 1,151: | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
Line 1,035: | Line 1,158: | ||
|} | |} | ||
=== | === Semicolon === | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! | ! | ||
!to separate two series of words or phrases | |||
!to separate two closely related independent clauses | |||
! | ! | ||
! | ! | ||
|- | |||
! | ! | ||
* English | |||
| | |■ | ||
| | |■ | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
Line 1,052: | Line 1,179: | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
Line 1,058: | Line 1,186: | ||
|} | |} | ||
=== | === Hyphen === | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! | ! | ||
!to form a compound word | |||
!to connect letters in spelling | |||
!to connect groups of digit in a nominal number | |||
!to form an interrupted word | |||
! | ! | ||
|- | |||
! | ! | ||
* English | |||
|■ | |||
|■ | |||
|■ | |||
|■ | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! | ! | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
Line 1,070: | Line 1,210: | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|} | |||
|} | |||
=== | === En dash === | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! | ! | ||
!to indicate a range of number | |||
! | ! | ||
!to separate two scores in a game | |||
! | ! | ||
|- | |||
! | ! | ||
* English | |||
|■ | |||
| | |||
|■ | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
Line 1,093: | Line 1,239: | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | |||
| | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|} | |||
=== Em dash === | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! | |||
!to further explain a word, phrase or clause | |||
!to express an opinion in a sentence | |||
! | |||
|- | |||
! | |||
* English | |||
|■ | |||
|■ | |||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|- | |||
! | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
Line 1,104: | Line 1,270: | ||
|} | |} | ||
=== | === Wave dash === | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+ | |||
! | ! | ||
!to indicate a range of number | |||
! | ! | ||
! | ! | ||
|- | |||
! | ! | ||
* Chinese | |||
* Japanese | |||
| | |■ | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
Line 1,127: | Line 1,296: | ||
|} | |} | ||
=== | === Ellipse === | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! | ! | ||
!to indicate omission of quote | |||
!to indicate omission of a series of word | |||
!to indicate intermittent speech | |||
! | ! | ||
! | ! | ||
|- | |||
! | ! | ||
| | * English | ||
|■ | |||
|■ | |||
|■ | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |||
! | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |||
! | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
Line 1,150: | Line 1,328: | ||
|} | |} | ||
=== | === Round brackets === | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! | ! | ||
Line 1,157: | Line 1,335: | ||
! | ! | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | |||
* English | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
Line 1,173: | Line 1,352: | ||
|} | |} | ||
=== | === Square brackets === | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! | ! | ||
Line 1,180: | Line 1,359: | ||
! | ! | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | |||
* English | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
Line 1,196: | Line 1,376: | ||
|} | |} | ||
=== | === Curly brackets === | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+ | |||
! | ! | ||
! | ! | ||
Line 1,203: | Line 1,384: | ||
! | ! | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | |||
* English | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
Line 1,221: | Line 1,403: | ||
=== Angle brackets === | === Angle brackets === | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+ | |||
! | ! | ||
!to indicate a title | |||
! | ! | ||
! | ! | ||
|- | |||
! | ! | ||
* Chinese | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
Line 1,242: | Line 1,426: | ||
|} | |} | ||
=== | === Lenticular brackets === | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+ | |||
! | ! | ||
! | ! | ||
! | ! | ||
|- | |||
! | ! | ||
* Japanese | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |||
! | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|} | |||
=== Hex brackets === | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ | |||
! | |||
!to indicate the serial number of an official document | |||
!to indicate the nationality or dynasty of the author | |||
! | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | |||
| | * Chinese | ||
| | |■ | ||
|■ | |||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
Line 1,265: | Line 1,463: | ||
|} | |} | ||
=== | === Slash === | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! | ! | ||
Line 1,272: | Line 1,470: | ||
! | ! | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | |||
* English | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|} | |} | ||
=== Apostrophe === | |||
=== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! | ! | ||
!to indicate omission of letters | |||
!to indicate possessive case | |||
!to separate morphemes | |||
!to indicate elision | |||
!to indicate a glottal stop | |||
!to indicate palatalisation or non-palatalisation | |||
! | ! | ||
! | ! | ||
|- | |||
! | ! | ||
* English | |||
| ■ | |||
| ■ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
Line 1,300: | Line 1,519: | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | |||
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|} | |} | ||
=== | === Interpunct === | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! | ! | ||
!to separate syllables in confusion | |||
!to distinguish specific graphemes | |||
!to separate words of foreign proper names | |||
!to separate a series of words | |||
! | ! | ||
|- | |||
! | ! | ||
* Catalan | |||
| | |■ | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
Line 1,323: | Line 1,547: | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | |||
* Occitan | |||
| | | | ||
|■ | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | |||
*Japanese | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|■ | |||
|■ | |||
| | | | ||
| | |- | ||
! | ! | ||
* Chinese | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|■ | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | |||
| | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|} | |||
=== Musical note === | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ | |||
! | |||
!to indicate singing | |||
! | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | |||
* Japanese | |||
|■ | |||
| | | | ||
| | |- | ||
! | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|} | |} | ||
==Other Lessons== | |||
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Grammar/Exhaustive-Inflection|Exhaustive Inflection]] | |||
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Grammar/Use-an-Adposition-or-Affix|Use an Adposition or Affix]] | |||
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Grammar/Various-word-orders-in-various-languages|Various word orders in various languages]] | |||
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Grammar/Common-Mistakes|Common Mistakes]] | |||
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Grammar/Order-of-Adjectives|Order of Adjectives]] | |||
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Grammar/Disjunctive-questions|Disjunctive questions]] | |||
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Grammar/TeKaMoLo-in-multiple-languages|TeKaMoLo in multiple languages]] | |||
<span links></span> |
Latest revision as of 21:22, 5 June 2023
Welcome to our lesson on "Punctuation of many languages"! 🌍
In this lesson, we will explore the fascinating world of punctuation across various languages.
Punctuation: it's more than just dots and lines. It's a tool that gives our words shape, adds rhythm to our sentences, and subtly conveys meaning beyond the words themselves. Yet, punctuation isn't the same in every language. It varies, reflecting the unique structures and styles of different languages.
This page is designed to provide you with references and offer comparisons of punctuation usage in various languages.
- Other related lessons: As you dive into this topic, you may also find it helpful to explore other related pages, such as TeKaMoLo in multiple languages, which can provide you with a deeper understanding of grammar rules in different languages. Additionally, you might be interested in learning about Multiple-languages Culture - Techniques for learning languages to enhance your language learning journey. And don't forget to check out Various word orders in various languages to further expand your knowledge of grammar structures across languages. Enjoy your exploration, and happy language learning! 😊
Symbol[edit | edit source]
The most common[edit | edit source]
Note: the followings are scripts instead of languages.
script | comma | full stop / period | question mark | exclamation mark | parentheses | colon | semicolon |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
⹁ | . | 𞥟 … ؟ | ! … 𞥞 | (…) | : | ⁏ |
|
،
common ⹁ Sindhi |
.
common ۔ Urdu |
؟ | ! | (…) | : | ؛ |
|
, | ։ | ՞ | ՜ | (…) | ․ | ; |
|
꛵ | ꛳ | ꛷ | ! | (…) | ꛴ | ꛶ |
|
, | ।
common . alternative |
? | ! | (…) | : | ; |
|
၊ | ။
common ၏ when ends with a verb |
း။ | ! | (…) | – | ; |
|
, | . | ? | ! | (…) | : | ; |
|
, | ।
common . Marathi |
? | ! | (…) | : | ; |
|
, | . | ; | ! | (…) | : | ‧ |
|
፣ | ። | ፧ | ! | (…) | ፥ | ፤ |
|
, | 。 | ? | ! | (…) | : | ; |
|
、
vertical; horizontal Jichishō standard , horizontal Monbushō standard |
。 | ? | ! | (…) | : | ; |
|
,
horizontal 、 vertical |
. | ? | ! | (…) | : | ; |
|
។ | ។ | ? | ! | (…) | ៖ | ; |
|
, | . | ?
common ¿…? Spanish, Catalan |
!
common ¡…! Spanish, Catalan |
(…) | : | ; |
|
꓾ | ꓿ | ? | ! | (…) | : | ; |
|
𖺗 | 𖺘 | ? | ! | (…) | : | ; |
|
᠈
Manchu |
᠉
Manchu |
? | ! | (…) | : | ; |
|
߸ | . | ? | ߹ | (…) | : | ; |
|
𑑍 | . | ? | ߹ | (…) | : | ; |
|
𝪇 | 𝪈 | 𝪋 | 𝪊 | 𝪉 | ||
|
, | .
new ෴ old |
? | ! | (…) | : | ; |
|
(none) | (space) | ? | ! | (…) | : | ; |
|
,
new ꘍ old |
.
new ꘎ old |
꘏ | ꘎꘎ | (…) | : | ; |
Note:
- Punctuation in Han and Japanese are full-width
- Some symbols look the same, but they have different Unicode codes.
Quotation marks[edit | edit source]
language | primary | secondary | spacing |
---|---|---|---|
|
‘…’ | “…” | English: 1–2 pt
Welsh: 1–2 pt |
|
“…” | ‘…’ | English: 1–2 pt
Chinese: fullwidth Irish: 1–2 pt |
|
“…” | ||
|
“…”
„…” |
||
|
”…” | ’…’ | |
|
”…”
„…” |
’…’ | |
|
„…” | ‚…’ | |
|
„…” | ’…’ | |
|
„…” | ‘…’ | |
|
„…” | «…» | none |
|
„…” | »…« | |
|
„…” | »…« | |
|
„…“ | ‚…‘ | |
|
„…“ | ’…’
‘…’ |
|
|
„…“ | ’…‘ | |
|
„…“ | ‘…’ | |
|
„…“ | Georgian: none | |
|
«…» | ‹…› | |
|
«…» | “…”
«…» |
¼ em |
|
«…» | “…” | Catalan: none |
|
«…» | „…“ | Russian: none
Ukranian: none |
|
«…» | “…”
‘…’ |
|
|
«…» | ‘…’ | |
|
«…» | ’…’ | |
|
«…» | Arabic: optional | |
|
《…》 |
〈…〉 |
|
|
»…«
"…" |
›…‹
‚…‘ |
|
|
「…」 「…」 |
『…』 『…』 |
|
|
《…》 | 〈…〉 | |
|
lu … li'u |
Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quotation_mark
Decimal separator[edit | edit source]
punctuation | . | · | , | ٫ |
---|---|---|---|---|
country or region |
|
|
|
|
punctuation | . | , | ٫ |
---|---|---|---|
constructed language |
|
Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decimal_separator
Digit group delimiter[edit | edit source]
punctuation | , | . | ' | (space) |
---|---|---|---|---|
country or region |
|
|
|
|
Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decimal_separator
Usage[edit | edit source]
Space[edit | edit source]
to separate words | to separate sentences | to separate syllables | |
---|---|---|---|
|
■ | ||
|
■ | ||
|
■ | ||
|
Comma[edit | edit source]
to separate a series of words, phrases or clauses | to form a compound sentence | to introduce a quote | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
■ | ■ | ■ | |
Enumeration comma[edit | edit source]
to separate words in a list | |||
---|---|---|---|
|
|||
Period[edit | edit source]
Question mark[edit | edit source]
to indicate a direct question | |
---|---|
|
■ |
|
□ |
Exclamation mark[edit | edit source]
to indicate an exclamation | to indicate a command | to be used with imperative mood | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
■ | ■ | ||
|
■ | ■ | ||
Quotation marks[edit | edit source]
to indicate direct speech | to indicate special meaning | |
---|---|---|
|
■ | ■ |
Colon[edit | edit source]
to indicate a series of words | to indicate description | to indicate explanation | to indicate definition | |
---|---|---|---|---|
|
■ | ■ | ■ | ■ |
Semicolon[edit | edit source]
to separate two series of words or phrases | to separate two closely related independent clauses | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
■ | ■ | ||
Hyphen[edit | edit source]
to form a compound word | to connect letters in spelling | to connect groups of digit in a nominal number | to form an interrupted word | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
■ | ■ | ■ | ■ | |
En dash[edit | edit source]
to indicate a range of number | to separate two scores in a game | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
■ | ■ | ||
Em dash[edit | edit source]
to further explain a word, phrase or clause | to express an opinion in a sentence | ||
---|---|---|---|
|
■ | ■ | |
Wave dash[edit | edit source]
to indicate a range of number | |||
---|---|---|---|
|
■ | ||
Ellipse[edit | edit source]
to indicate omission of quote | to indicate omission of a series of word | to indicate intermittent speech | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
■ | ■ | ■ | ||
Round brackets[edit | edit source]
|
|||
---|---|---|---|
Square brackets[edit | edit source]
|
|||
---|---|---|---|
Curly brackets[edit | edit source]
|
|||
---|---|---|---|
Angle brackets[edit | edit source]
to indicate a title | |||
---|---|---|---|
|
|||
Lenticular brackets[edit | edit source]
|
||
---|---|---|
Hex brackets[edit | edit source]
to indicate the serial number of an official document | to indicate the nationality or dynasty of the author | ||
---|---|---|---|
|
■ | ■ | |
Slash[edit | edit source]
|
|||
---|---|---|---|
Apostrophe[edit | edit source]
to indicate omission of letters | to indicate possessive case | to separate morphemes | to indicate elision | to indicate a glottal stop | to indicate palatalisation or non-palatalisation | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
■ | ■ | ||||||
Interpunct[edit | edit source]
to separate syllables in confusion | to distinguish specific graphemes | to separate words of foreign proper names | to separate a series of words | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
■ | ||||
|
■ | ||||
|
■ | ■ | |||
|
■ | ||||
Musical note[edit | edit source]
to indicate singing | ||
---|---|---|
|
■ | |
Other Lessons[edit | edit source]
- Exhaustive Inflection
- Use an Adposition or Affix
- Various word orders in various languages
- Common Mistakes
- Order of Adjectives
- Disjunctive questions
- TeKaMoLo in multiple languages