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==Common Latin and Greek Roots in Biology Vocabulary==
==Common Latin and Greek Roots in Biology Vocabulary==


Students in introductory biology classes typically have to learn more new vocabulary words than students taking a foreign language! The good news is that many science vocabulary words use the same Greek and Latin roots. When you know these roots, you can figure out what a word means, even if you’ve never heard it before. This table shows you many roots to help you decipher words you hear in biology class.
{| class="wikitable"
!Greek or Latin Root
!Meaning
!Examples
|-
|A-, An-
|Not, absent
|
* Abiotic: without life
* Anoxygenic: without oxygen
|-
|Ab-, Abs-
|Away from
|Abscission: separation of leaves from tree
|-
|Allo-
|Another
|Allosteric: another binding site
|-
|Aqua-
|Water
|Aqueous: watery
|-
|Bi-
|Two
|Bilayer: double layered
|-
|Bio-
|Life
|Biology: the study of life
|-
| -cide
|Kill
|Bacteriocidal: kills bacteria
|-
|Cyt
|Cell
|Cytoplasm: the fluid inside a cell
|-
|Di-
|Two
|Disaccharide: a carbohydrate made of two simple sugars
|-
|Dis-
|Apart
|Disjoin: separate
|-
|Endo-
|Inside
|Endocytosis: a process that brings things into a cell
|-
|Epi-
|Upon, over
|Epidermis: the uppermost layer of tissue covering an organism
|-
|Eu-
|True
|Eukaryotes have a true nucleus
|-
|Ex-
|Out
|Exocytosis: a process that puts things out of cells
|-
|Geno-
|Give birth, beget
|Genetics: the study of heredity
|-
|Hetero-
|Mixed, unlike
|Heterozygous: a cell that has two different versions of a gene
|-
|Homo-
|Same
|Homozygous: a cell that has two identical versions of a gene
|-
|Hyper-
|Above
|Hypertonic: has a greater concentration of solutes
|-
|Hypo-
|Below
|Hypotonic: has a lower concentration of solutes
|-
|Inter-
|Between
|Interphase: the cellular phase between cell divisions
|-
|Iso-
|Same
|Isotonic: has same concentration of solutes
|-
|Locus
|Place
|A locus on a chromosome is the place where a gene is located
|-
|Macro-
|Big
|Macrophage: a large phagocyte
|-
| -meter
|Measure
|Centimeter: a measurement that’s 1/100 of a meter
|-
|Micro-
|Small
|Microbiology: the study of living things too small to see with the naked eye
|-
|Mono-
|One
|Monosaccharide: a single simple sugar
|-
|Olig-
|Few
|Oligosaccharide: a short chain of sugars
|-
|Ped-, Pod
|Foot
|Pseudopod: a “false foot” or projection of an amoeba
|-
|Phago-
|Eat
|Phagocytosis: a process where a white blood cell engulfs and destroys bacteria and viruses
|-
| -phil
|Love
|Hydrophilic: mixes well with water
|-
| -phobia
|Fear
|Hydrophobic: doesn’t mix with water
|-
|Poly-
|Many
|Polypeptide: a chain of many amino acids
|-
|Pro-
|Before
|Prokaryotes: cells that evolved before nucleated cells
|-
|Stom-
|Mouth
|Stomates: openings in the surfaces of leaves
|-
|Zoo-
|Animal
|Zoology: the study of animals
|}


==Sources==
==Sources==

Revision as of 20:47, 28 November 2021

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Greek Biology - Vocabulary

What is biology?

  The word biology is derived from the Greek words bios meaning "life" and logos meaning "study" and is defined as the science of life and living organisms.


An organism is a living entity made up of a cell, e.g. bacteria, or multiple cells, e.g. animals, plants and fungi.


Aspects of biological science range from the study of molecular mechanisms in cells to the classification and behavior of organisms, the evolution of species and the interaction between ecosystems.


Biology often overlaps with other sciences; for example, biochemistry and toxicology along with biology, chemistry and medicine; biophysics with biology and physics; stratigraphy with biology and geography; astrobiology with biology and astronomy. Social sciences such as geography, philosophy, psychology, and sociology may also interact with biology, for example, in the administration of biological resources, developmental biology, biogeography, evolutionary psychology, and ethics.


Biology is the branch of science that studies life and living organisms. There are many branches of science that are part of biology, including ecology (how organisms interact with their environment), agriculture (the study of the production of crops from the earth), biochemistry (the chemical reactions necessary to support life), botany (the study of plants), physiology (how living organisms work), and zoology (the study of animals). 

Common Latin and Greek Roots in Biology Vocabulary

Students in introductory biology classes typically have to learn more new vocabulary words than students taking a foreign language! The good news is that many science vocabulary words use the same Greek and Latin roots. When you know these roots, you can figure out what a word means, even if you’ve never heard it before. This table shows you many roots to help you decipher words you hear in biology class.

Greek or Latin Root Meaning Examples
A-, An- Not, absent
  • Abiotic: without life
  • Anoxygenic: without oxygen
Ab-, Abs- Away from Abscission: separation of leaves from tree
Allo- Another Allosteric: another binding site
Aqua- Water Aqueous: watery
Bi- Two Bilayer: double layered
Bio- Life Biology: the study of life
-cide Kill Bacteriocidal: kills bacteria
Cyt Cell Cytoplasm: the fluid inside a cell
Di- Two Disaccharide: a carbohydrate made of two simple sugars
Dis- Apart Disjoin: separate
Endo- Inside Endocytosis: a process that brings things into a cell
Epi- Upon, over Epidermis: the uppermost layer of tissue covering an organism
Eu- True Eukaryotes have a true nucleus
Ex- Out Exocytosis: a process that puts things out of cells
Geno- Give birth, beget Genetics: the study of heredity
Hetero- Mixed, unlike Heterozygous: a cell that has two different versions of a gene
Homo- Same Homozygous: a cell that has two identical versions of a gene
Hyper- Above Hypertonic: has a greater concentration of solutes
Hypo- Below Hypotonic: has a lower concentration of solutes
Inter- Between Interphase: the cellular phase between cell divisions
Iso- Same Isotonic: has same concentration of solutes
Locus Place A locus on a chromosome is the place where a gene is located
Macro- Big Macrophage: a large phagocyte
-meter Measure Centimeter: a measurement that’s 1/100 of a meter
Micro- Small Microbiology: the study of living things too small to see with the naked eye
Mono- One Monosaccharide: a single simple sugar
Olig- Few Oligosaccharide: a short chain of sugars
Ped-, Pod Foot Pseudopod: a “false foot” or projection of an amoeba
Phago- Eat Phagocytosis: a process where a white blood cell engulfs and destroys bacteria and viruses
-phil Love Hydrophilic: mixes well with water
-phobia Fear Hydrophobic: doesn’t mix with water
Poly- Many Polypeptide: a chain of many amino acids
Pro- Before Prokaryotes: cells that evolved before nucleated cells
Stom- Mouth Stomates: openings in the surfaces of leaves
Zoo- Animal Zoology: the study of animals

Sources

https://www.ntnu.edu/biology/about-us/what-is-biology

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