Editing Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Passive-voice


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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Modern-greek-1453|Modern Greek (1453-)]]  → [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar|Grammar]] → Passive voice</div>

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As an intermediate student in Modern Greek (1453-), learning the passive voice is a crucial step towards fluency. In this lesson, we will explore the basics of the passive voice in Greek, its formation, and its usage.


<span link>Don't miss the chance to check out these pages as you wrap up this lesson: [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Declension-patterns-for-Greek-nouns|Declension patterns for Greek nouns]] & [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/The-conjugations-in-Greek|The conjugations in Greek]].</span> 
== What is the Passive voice? ==

In grammar, the passive voice is used to express an action done by someone or something else to the subject of the sentence. In other words, instead of the subject doing the action, the subject is acted upon. 

For example, in English, "The book was written by John" is in the passive voice, whereas "John wrote the book" is in the active voice. 

In Greek, the passive voice is expressed by changing the verb form and usually adding the auxiliary verb "είμαι" (eimai) in the appropriate tense. 

== Formation of the Passive voice ==

To form the passive voice in Greek, follow these steps:

1. Start with the appropriate tense of the auxiliary verb "είμαι" (eimai): 

* Present tense: είμαι (eimai) 
* Future tense: θα είμαι (tha eimai) 
* Imperfect tense: ήμουν (imoun)
* Future perfect tense: θα έχω είναι (tha echo eimai)

2. Add the participle of the main verb. For regular verbs, the participle is formed as follows:

* For verbs ending in "-ω" (o): replace the "-ω" (o) with "-μαι" (me): 
  Example: Γράφω (graffo, "I write") → Παθητικός: Γράφομαι (grafome, "I am written").
  
* For verbs ending in "-άω" (ao): replace "-άω" (ao) with "-άμαι" (ame).
  Example: Μιλάω (milao, "I speak") → Παθητικός: Μιλιέμαι (mileme, "I am spoken (to)").

* For verbs ending in "-ώ" (o) with vowel change or "-ώ" (o) 
  Example: Φέρνω (fernō, "I bring") → Παθητικός: Φέρνομαι (fernome, "I am brought").

* For verbs ending in "-ώ" (o) with consonant change
  Example: Πηγαίνω and πάω (pigenw and pao, "I go": only active voice) → Παθητική: είμαι πηγεμένος (Present Perfect / ime pigemenos, "I am gone")and ήμουν πηγεμένος / imoun pigemenos (Pluperfect p.v : i was gone )
  
* irregular verbs need to be learned by heart

The participle agrees with the number and gender of the subject in the sentence:

* For a singular subject, use the participle ending "-μαι" (mai) for masculine and neutral subjects and "-μαι" (mae) for feminine subjects. 

* For a plural subject, use the participle ending "-νται" (ndai) for masculine and neuter subjects and "-νται" (nte) for feminine subjects. 

== Examples of the Passive Voice == 

Here are some examples of the passive voice in Modern Greek (1453-) using different tenses: 

{| class="wikitable"
! Modern Greek (1453-) !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Γράφομαι (grafome) || [ˈɣɾafome] || I am written (present tense)
|-
| Γραφτώ (grafto) || [ˈɣrafto] || I will be written (subjunctive past tense :p.v)
|-
| Παραλαμβάνομαι (paralamvanome) || [paɾalaɱˈvanome] || I am being picked up (present tense)
|-
| Παραλήφθηκα (paraliftheika) || [paɾaliˈfθici.ka] || I was picked up (simple past)
|-
| Παραδόθηκε (paradothike) || [paɾaˈðoθike] || He/She was delivered (simple past)
|}

== Usage of the Passive Voice ==

In Modern Greek (1453-), the passive voice is used in similar ways as in English. Here are some examples:

* To emphasize the object of the sentence: 

  Example: Η μητέρα μου έκανε την τούρτα. (I my mother made the cake.)
  Passive form: Η τούρτα φτιάχτηκε από τη μητέρα μου. (The cake was made by my mother.)

* When the subject is unknown: 

  Example: Κάποιος έκλεψε το ρολόι μου (My watch was stolen.)
  Passive form: Το ρολόι μου '''κλάπηκε''' από κάποιον* (The watch was stolen.)
'''*Aoriste β' in passive voice of the verb: κλέβομαι /  κλέπτομαι : I am stolen''' 

* To sound more formal: 

  Example: Ήρθαν κάποιοι τύποι και χτύπησαν την πόρτα. (Some guys came and knocked the door.)
  Passive form: Η πόρτα χτυπήθηκε από κάποιους τύπους. (The door was knocked by some guys.)

== Conclusion ==

Learning the passive voice is an important step towards gaining proficiency in Modern Greek (1453-). It allows us to express ideas that would otherwise be difficult with just the active voice. With practice, using the passive voice will become more natural and help add variety and nuance to your speech and writing.

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==Sources==
* [https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Active-and-passive-verbs Modern-greek-1453 Grammar - Active and passive verbs]
* [https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Greek-voices-verbs-%CE%A6%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%AE-%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9-%CF%83%CF%85%CE%B6%CF%85%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B5%CF%82-%CF%81%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%AC%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD Modern-greek-1453 Grammar - Greek voices verbs Φωνή και ...]

* [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Modern_Greek/Passive_voice Modern Greek/Passive voice Wikibooks] 


<span link>Now that you've completed this lesson, don't stop learning! Check out these related topics: [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Diphthongs-and-Special-Combinations|Diphthongs and Special Combinations]] & [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Les-numéraux-ordinaux--cardinaux|Les numéraux ordinaux cardinaux]].</span> 
{{#seo:
|title=Modern Greek (1453-) Grammar → Intermediate Grammar → Passive voice
|keywords=Greek, language, passive voice, intermediate, course, grammar
|description=In this lesson, learn about the formation and usage of the passive voice in Modern Greek (1453-) language. Follow our structured course for a complete understanding of Greek grammar.
}}

==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Past-Tense|Past Tense]]
* [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Accentuation|Accentuation]]
* [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Synonyms-Antonyms|Synonyms Antonyms]]
* [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Augment-in-modern-Greek|Augment in modern Greek]]
* [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Pronouns-and-verbs|Pronouns and verbs]]
* [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Verbs-Conjugation-Groups|Verbs Conjugation Groups]]
* [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Contract-Verbs|Contract Verbs]]
* [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Direct-and-indirect-speech|Direct and indirect speech]]
* [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Conditional-and-subjunctive-mood|Conditional and subjunctive mood]]
* [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Paronyms-and-Homonyms|Paronyms and Homonyms]]

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