Difference between revisions of "Language/Lao/Pronunciation/Alphabet-and-Pronunciation"

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[[File:Laos-Timeline-PolyglotClub.png|thumb]]
==Consonants==
Lao or Laotian (autonym: ພາສາລາວ, /pʰaː˦.saː˨˦.laːw˦/), sometimes referred to as Laotian, is spoken in Laos and northeast Thailand. It is a language of the Tai group, of the so-called Kam-Tai branch of the Tai-Kadai language family. It is the official language of Laos. Like other Tai languages, Lao is a tonal language and has a complex system of relational markers. In this lesson, we will focus on the Lao alphabet and pronunciation. After mastering this lesson, you can also explore other related topics such as [[Language/Lao/Vocabulary/Express-Surprise|Lao Vocabulary - Express Surprise]], [[Language/Lao/Vocabulary/Days-of-the-week|Lao Vocabulary - Days of the week]], and [[Language/Lao/Vocabulary/How-to-say-Good-Bye%3F|How to Say Goodbye in Lao]]. Enjoy your journey into the fascinating world of the Lao language! 😊🇱🇦
==Alphabet==
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!Letter
!Letter
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|-
|-
|ງ
|ງ
|ງ ງົວ, ງູ
|ງ ງົວ, ໂງ່
|/ŋ/
|/ŋ/
|/ŋ/
|/ŋ/
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|}
|}


==Vowels==
===Vowels===


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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|}
|}


== Phonology ==
===Consonant===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! rowspan="2" |Labial
! colspan="2" |Alveolar
! colspan="2" |Palatal
! colspan="2" |Velar
! colspan="2" |Glottal
|-
!plain
!lab.
!plain
!lab.
!plain
!lab.
!plain
!lab.
|-
! rowspan="3" |Plosive
!<small>voiced</small>
|b
|d
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!<small>voiceless</small>
|p
|t
|
|tɕ
|tɕʷ
|k
|kʷ
|ʔ
|ʔʷ
|-
!<small>aspirated</small>
|pʰ
|tʰ
|tʷʰ
|
|
|kʰ
|kʷʰ
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Fricative
|f
|s
|sʷ
|
|
|
|
|h
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Nasal
|m
|n
|
|ɲ
|
|ŋ
|ŋʷ
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Approximant
|ʋ
|l
|lʷ
|j
|
|
|
|
|
|}
=== Vowels ===
====Short====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! rowspan="2" |Front
! rowspan="2" |Central
! colspan="2" |Back
|-
!unr.
!rnd.
|-
! colspan="2" |Diphthongs
|iə̯
| colspan="2" |ɨə̯ ~ ɯə̯
|uə̯
|-
! rowspan="4" |Monophthongs
!Close
|i
| colspan="2" |ɨ ~ ɯ
|u
|-
!Close-mid
|e
| colspan="2" |ə ~ ɤ
|o
|-
!Open-mid
|ɛ
|
|
|ɔ
|-
!Open
|
|a
|
|
|}
====Long====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! rowspan="2" |Front
! rowspan="2" |Central
! colspan="2" |Back
|-
!unr.
!rnd.
|-
! colspan="2" |Diphthongs
|iːə̯
| colspan="2" |ɨːə̯ ~ ɯːə̯
|uːə̯
|-
! rowspan="4" |Monophthongs
!Close
|iː
| colspan="2" |ɨː ~ ɯː
|uː
|-
!Close-mid
|eː
| colspan="2" |əː ~ ɤː
|oː
|-
!Open-mid
|ɛː
|
|
|ɔː
|-
!Open
|
|aː
|
|
|}
==Videos==
<youtube>o4Q12qNTMlM</youtube>
<youtube>o4Q12qNTMlM</youtube>
==Lao Online Virtual Keyboard==
__NOCACHE__<include iframe src='https://polyglotclub.com/keyboard.php?souscat_url=lao' height='900px' frameborder='0' scrolling='yes' />
[[Category:Alphabet-and-Pronunciation]]
[[Category:Alphabet-and-Pronunciation]]
<span links></span>

Latest revision as of 21:38, 25 March 2023

Laos-Timeline-PolyglotClub.png

Lao or Laotian (autonym: ພາສາລາວ, /pʰaː˦.saː˨˦.laːw˦/), sometimes referred to as Laotian, is spoken in Laos and northeast Thailand. It is a language of the Tai group, of the so-called Kam-Tai branch of the Tai-Kadai language family. It is the official language of Laos. Like other Tai languages, Lao is a tonal language and has a complex system of relational markers. In this lesson, we will focus on the Lao alphabet and pronunciation. After mastering this lesson, you can also explore other related topics such as Lao Vocabulary - Express Surprise, Lao Vocabulary - Days of the week, and How to Say Goodbye in Lao. Enjoy your journey into the fascinating world of the Lao language! 😊🇱🇦

Alphabet[edit | edit source]

Consonants[edit | edit source]

Letter Name IPA for initial IPA for final
ກ ກ ໄກ່ /k/ /k/
ຂ ຂ ໄຂ່ /kʰ, x/ /k/
ຄ ຄ ຄວາຍ /kʰ, x/ /k/
ງ ງ ງົວ, ໂງ່ /ŋ/ /ŋ/
ຈ ຈ ຈອກ /tɕ/ /t/
ສ ສ ເສືອ /s/ /t/
ຊ ຊ ຊ້າງ /s/ /t/
ຍ ຍ ຍຸງ /ɲ/ /j/
ດ ດ ເດັກ /d/ /t/
ຕ ຕ ຕາ /t/ /t/
ຖ ຖ ຖົງ /tʰ/ /t/
ທ ທ ທຸງ /tʰ/ /t/
ນ ນ ນົກ /n/ /n/
ບ ບ ແບ້ /b/ /p/
ປ ປ ປາ /p/
ຜ ຜ ເຜິ້ງ /pʰ/ /p/
ຝ ຝ ຝົນ /f/ /p/
ພ ພ ພູ /pʰ/ /p/
ຟ ຟ ໄຟ /f/
ມ ມ ແມວ /m/ /m/
ຢ ຢ ຢາ /j/
ຣ ຣ ຣົຖ, ຣະຄັງ /r/,/l/ /n/
ລ ລ ລີງ /l/ /n/
ວ ວ ວີ /ʋ/,/w/ /w/
ຫ ຫ ຫ່ານ /h/
ຫ ຫ ຫ່ານ /h/
ອ ອ ໂອ /ʔ/
ຮ ຮ ເຮືອນ /h/

Vowels[edit | edit source]

Diacritic IPA
◌ະ, ັ /a/
ິ /i/
ຶ /ɯ/
ຸ /u/
ເ◌ະ, ເັ /e/
ແ◌ະ, ແັ /ɛ/
ໂ◌ະ, ົ /o/
ເ◌າະ, ັອ /ɔ/
ເິ /ɤ/
◌າ /aː /
ີ /iː /
ື /ɯː /
ູ /uː /
ເ◌ /eː/
ແ◌ /ɛː/
ໂ◌ /oː/
ໍ, ◌ອ /ɔː/
ເີ /ɤː/
ເັຍະ, ັຽ /iə/
ເືອ /ɯə/
ົວະ, ັວ /uə/
ໄ◌, ໃ◌, ັຍ /aj/
ເົາ /aw/
ເ◌ຍ, ◌ຽ /iːə/
ເືອ /ɯːə/
ົວ, ◌ວ /uːə/
◌າຍ /aːj/
ຳ /am/
໌ ∅


Phonology[edit | edit source]

Consonant[edit | edit source]

Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
plain lab. plain lab. plain lab. plain lab.
Plosive voiced b d
voiceless p t tɕ tɕʷ k kʷ ʔ ʔʷ
aspirated pʰ tʰ tʷʰ kʰ kʷʰ
Fricative f s sʷ h
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ ŋʷ
Approximant ʋ l lʷ j

Vowels[edit | edit source]

Short[edit | edit source]

Front Central Back
unr. rnd.
Diphthongs iə̯ ɨə̯ ~ ɯə̯ uə̯
Monophthongs Close i ɨ ~ ɯ u
Close-mid e ə ~ ɤ o
Open-mid ɛ ɔ
Open a

Long[edit | edit source]

Front Central Back
unr. rnd.
Diphthongs iːə̯ ɨːə̯ ~ ɯːə̯ uːə̯
Monophthongs Close iː ɨː ~ ɯː uː
Close-mid eː əː ~ ɤː oː
Open-mid ɛː ɔː
Open aː

Videos[edit | edit source]

Lao Online Virtual Keyboard[edit | edit source]

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