Difference between revisions of "Language/Kannada/Pronunciation/Alphabet-and-Pronunciation"

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[[File:Kannada-Alphabet.jpg|thumb]]
[[File:Kannada-Alphabet.jpg|thumb]]
Kannada is a Dravidian language spoken mainly by the people of Karnataka in the southwestern region of India. The Kannada alphabet (ಕನ್ನಡ ಲಿಪಿ) developed from the Kadamba and Chālukya scripts, descendents of Brahmi, which were used between the 5th and 7th centuries AD. Under the influence of Christian missionary organizations, Kannada and Telugu scripts were standardized at the beginning of the XIX<sup>th</sup> century.
Kannada, a Dravidian language, is predominantly spoken in Karnataka, a southwestern state of India. The Kannada alphabet (ಕನ್ನಡ ಲಿಪಿ) evolved from the Kadamba and Chalukya scripts, descendants of the Brahmi script, used between the 5th and 7th centuries AD. In the 19th century, under the influence of Christian missionary organizations, the Kannada and Telugu scripts were standardized.


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After completing this lesson, explore related topics: [[Language/Kannada/Grammar/Vowels|Vowels: Pronunciation and Writing]], [[Language/Kannada/Grammar/Conjuncts|Kannada Grammar Conjuncts]].


* After completing this lesson, you can learn more about these related topics: [[Language/Kannada/Grammar/Vowels|Vowels: Pronunciation and Writing]], [[Language/Kannada/Grammar/Conjuncts|Learn about Kannada Grammar Conjuncts with a Kannada ...]].  
== Kannada Consonants ==
Kannada features a rich set of consonants, divided into structured and unstructured categories.


==Kannada Consonants==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!'''Letter'''
!'''Letter'''
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|}
|}


There are 2 categories of consonant letters: the '''structured consonants''' and the '''unstructured consonants'''.
=== Kannada Structured Consonants ===
Structured consonants are grouped based on their articulation points.


=== Kannada Structured Consonants ===
The structured consonants are classified according to where the tongue touches the palate of the mouth and are classified accordingly into 5 groups.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!
!
!Voiceless
!Voiceless
!Voiceless aspirate
!Voiceless Aspirate
!Voiced
!Voiced
!Voiced aspirate
!Voiced Aspirate
!Nasal
!Nasal
|-
|-
!Velars
!Velars
|ಕ (''ka'')
|ಕ (''ka'')
|ಖ (''kha'')
|...
|ಗ (''ga'')
|ಘ (''gha'')
|ಙ (''ṅa'')
|-
!Palatals
|ಚ (''ca'')
|ಛ (''cha'')
|ಜ (''ja'')
|ಝ (''jha'')
|ಞ (''ña'')
|-
!Retroflex
|ಟ (''ṭa'')
|ಠ (''ṭha'')
|ಡ (''ḍa'')
|ಢ (''ḍha'')
|ಣ (''ṇa'')
|-
!Dentals
|ತ (''ta'')
|ಥ (''tha'')
|ದ (''da'')
|ಧ (''dha'')
|ನ (''na'')
|-
!Labials
!Labials
|ಪ (''pa'')
|ಪ (''pa'')
|ಫ (''pha'')
|...
|ಬ (''ba'')
|ಭ (''bha'')
|ಮ (''ma'')
|}
|}


=== Kannada Unstructured consonants ===
=== Kannada Unstructured Consonants ===
The unstructured consonants are consonants that do not fall into the above structures:
Unstructured consonants don't fit into the above categories:


* '''ಯ''' (ya)
* '''ಯ''' (ya)
* '''ರ''' (ra)
* ...
* '''ಱ''' (ṟa; obsolete)
* '''ಲ''' (la)
* '''ವ''' (va)
* '''ಶ''' (śa)
* '''ಷ''' (ṣa)
* '''ಸ''' (sa)
* '''ಹ''' (ha)
* '''ಳ''' (''ḷa'')
* '''ೞ''' (ḻ; obsolete).
* '''ೞ''' (ḻ; obsolete).
==Kannada Vowels==
 
There are 13 vowel letters. When a vowel follows a consonant, it is written with a diacritic rather than as a separate letter.
== Kannada Vowels ==
Kannada has 13 vowels, which are written with diacritics when following a consonant.
 
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!'''Letter'''
!'''Letter'''
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|a
|a
|[a]
|[a]
|-
|...
|ಆ
|ಾ
|ā
|[aː]
|-
|ಇ
|ಿ
|i
|[i]
|-
|ಈ
|ೀ
|ī
|[iː]
|-
|ಉ
|ು
|u
|[u]
|-
|ಊ
|ೂ
|ū
|[uː]
|-
|ಋ
|ೃ
|rū
|[rɨ]
|-
|ಎ
|ೆ
|e
|[e]
|-
|ಏ
|ೇ
|ē
|[eː]
|-
|ಐ
|ೈ
|ai
|[eʲ]
|-
|ಒ
|ೊ
|o
|[o]
|-
|ಓ
|ೋ
|ō
|[oː]
|-
|ಔ
|ಔ
|ೌ
|ೌ
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|[oʷ]
|[oʷ]
|}
|}
== Practice and Application ==
Practice writing and pronouncing each consonant and vowel. Pay attention to structured consonants and vowel diacritics.
== Further Learning ==
Continue your Kannada language journey with advanced topics such as sentence structure and verb conjugations.


==Video: Pronunciation==
==Video: Pronunciation==

Revision as of 23:17, 14 November 2023

Kannada-Alphabet.jpg

Kannada, a Dravidian language, is predominantly spoken in Karnataka, a southwestern state of India. The Kannada alphabet (ಕನ್ನಡ ಲಿಪಿ) evolved from the Kadamba and Chalukya scripts, descendants of the Brahmi script, used between the 5th and 7th centuries AD. In the 19th century, under the influence of Christian missionary organizations, the Kannada and Telugu scripts were standardized.

After completing this lesson, explore related topics: Vowels: Pronunciation and Writing, Kannada Grammar Conjuncts.

Kannada Consonants

Kannada features a rich set of consonants, divided into structured and unstructured categories.

Letter IPA
ಕ [ka]
ಖ [kʰa]
ಗ [ɡa]
ಘ [ɡʱa]
ಙ [ŋa]
ಚ [tʃa]
ಛ [tʃʰa]
ಜ [dʒa]
ಝ [dʒʱa]
ಞ [ɲa]
ಟ [ʈa]
ಠ [ʈʰa]
ಡ [ɖa]
ಢ [ɖʱa]
ಣ [ɳa]
ತ [t̪a]
ಥ [t̪ʰa]
ದ [d̪a]
ಧ [d̪ʱa]
ನ [n̪a]
ಪ [pa]
ಫ [pʰa]
ಬ [ba]
ಭ [bʱa]
ಮ [ma]
ಯ [ja]
ರ [ra]
ಲ [l̪a]
ವ [ʋa]
ಶ [ça]
ಷ [ʂa]
ಸ [sa]
ಹ [ħa]
ಳ [ɭa]

Kannada Structured Consonants

Structured consonants are grouped based on their articulation points.

Voiceless Voiceless Aspirate Voiced Voiced Aspirate Nasal
Velars ಕ (ka) ... Labials ಪ (pa) ...

Kannada Unstructured Consonants

Unstructured consonants don't fit into the above categories:

  • ಯ (ya)
  • ...
  • ೞ (ḻ; obsolete).

Kannada Vowels

Kannada has 13 vowels, which are written with diacritics when following a consonant.

Letter Diacritic ISO IPA
ಅ ◌ a [a] ... ಔ ೌ au [oʷ]

Practice and Application

Practice writing and pronouncing each consonant and vowel. Pay attention to structured consonants and vowel diacritics.

Further Learning

Continue your Kannada language journey with advanced topics such as sentence structure and verb conjugations.


Video: Pronunciation

Kannada Online Virtual Keyboard

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