Difference between revisions of "Language/Japanese/Vocabulary/Greetings"

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[[Category: Japanese/Advanced]]
[[Category: Japanese/Advanced]]

Revision as of 17:25, 19 April 2019

TO SAY HELLO AND INDICATE THE MOMENT OF THE DAY

Japanese cut the day in three parts and each has a manner to say.

おはようございます 御早うございます。 Ohayougozaimasu

This expression is made by

御 (お) o honorific prefix
早く hayaku early
ございます gozaimasu polite suffix

The change of 早く is a ウ音便 ("u" sound shift).

This is used the morning, to say hello, from 5 A.M to 12 A.M

Then, from 12 A.M use :

  • こんにちは (konnichiwa) : commonly written with hiragana. The form in kanji 今日は is more employed to say “today ...”, and pronounced as “きょうは”.


At night, from about 6 PM you can say:

  • こんばんは (konbanwa)

As for こんばんは, there is a form in kanji 今晩は for “tonight ...”, but contrary to こんにちは, it reads こんばんは. Take a look to the kanji.

  • : This kanji read alone is いま (ima). It means “now".
  • : This one is にち (nichi). The meaning of this is “day”
  • : The last is ばん (ban). The kanji for “evening/night”.
  • お休みなさい おやすみなさい oyasuminasai: Have a good night.

お honorific prefix

  • 休み やすみ : holiday / resting
  • 為さい なさい : a verbal form of saying "to do"
  • おひさしぶり お久し振り ohisashiburi: Long time no see.
  • 久さしい ひさしい hisashii: indicate a long period of time.
  • 振り ふり furi is a time mark.

In fact, this expression is really turning around a time reference!!

GREETING WITHOUT TIME INFLUENCE

  • さよなら sayonara: Simply means bye.
  • バイバイ Bai-Bai Bye-Bye: The english-like form.
  • またね matane: mata means « again », ne is a particle to sustain your idea. So, we can say it is : See you again.

When you welcome someone who is not from the place you are, you should use

  • ようこそ youkoso.: It means WELCOME! For example if your friends is coming from another country to yours (Japanese friend to France)
  • フランスへようこそ。furansu e yokoso.

へ reads “e” as location particle.

GREETING TO WISH SOMETHING TO SOMEONE

  • 宜しくお願いします よろしくおねがいします yoroshiku onegaishimasu。: Pleased to meet you.
  • 宜しく よろしく yoroshiku : Best regards
  • お願い おねがい onegai: A useful sentence to express a wish
  • します shimasu: Polite and affirmative form of the verb
  • する suru: TO DO, commonly used.
  • ヤッホー Yahoo/オオイ Ooi: HEY! Particularly employed by teenagers.
  • 元気ですか げんきですか Genki desu ka : How are you doing?
  • 元 げん gen: origin
  • 気 き ki: spirit
  • です desu: (to be)
  • か ka: particle for question.
  • 頑張って がんばって ganbatte : It is a greeting to give some force, some courage to someone. The way to persevere.
  • 頑 がん gan approximately means to extend
  • 張 ば ba could be translate as hustle
  • って tte : This is a kind of imperative form.

It comes from the verb 頑張る がんばる ganbaru.

  • おめでとう(ございます) Omedetou(gozaimasu): Congratulations!
  • ありとう(ございます) Arigatou(gozaimasu): Thank you(very much)


In Japan, we use some expressions that have no equal in french and probably not in any other else language in the world.

  • お疲れ様 おつかれさま otsukaresama: It is employed when people ends a hard working day. It means something like : thank you for doing your best at work.
  • 疲れる つかれる tsukareru: the verb to express the sensation of tiredness.
  • 様 さま sama: An honorific suffix


The Japanese use honorific prefixes and suffixes according to the social status, the age and the gender very often.

  • 只今 ただいま tadaima Litt. “I’m home”. You will use this one, when you open the door and there is someone inside.
  • お帰りなさいおかえり(なさい) okaeri(nasai) This one works with the previous. The people inside will answer Okaeri to Tadaima.
  • 帰 is the kanji of the verb 帰る かえる kaeru which indicated that you are coming back.
  • 行ってらっしゃい いってらっしゃい itterasshai: "Have a good day", particulary when you are going to move (for example to work) and somebody support you.
  • 行って いって itte is the imperative form of the verb 行く いく iku: TO GO
  • らっしゃい rasshai : Is a mark of moving comes from honorific language.
  • 気を付けて きをつけて Ki o tsukete: Take care of you (When you are going somewhere). This includes that you have to move
  • 付ける つける Tsukeru in its て form which really includes the notion of concern/care by the people who say it.

So, if you are going to work and your wife / husband is going staying at home, he/she can say :

  • 行ってらっしゃい、気を付けて。お仕事頑張って下さい。 Itterasshai, ki wo tsukete. Oshigoto ganbatte kudasai.

TWO MORE WORDS

ございます gozaimasu and ください kudasai. As you can read before some words or sentence use ございます gozaimasu, like: おはようございます Ohayougozaimasu, ありとうございます Arigatougozaimasu, おめでとうございます Omedetougowazaimasu. ございます gozaimasu simply means “There is” when it’s combined with a greeting. You can also consider it means “to exist”. For example “ありとうございます”; “it exist some thanks”. It is not very correct translation but it is the idea.

Some other are built with ください kudasai. ください kudasai is a form of the verb くださる kudasaru which means “to confer”

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