Difference between revisions of "Language/Japanese/Vocabulary/Glossary-of-Japanese-martial-arts"
(20 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
[[File:Japanese-martial-arts-vocabulary.png|thumb]] | [[File:Japanese-martial-arts-vocabulary.png|thumb]] | ||
In this lesson, you will find a lexicon of | [[Category:Japanese/Glossary]] | ||
The historical origin of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Japanese_martial_arts Japanese martial arts] can be found in the warrior traditions of the samurai and the caste system that restricted the use of weapons by other members of society. Originally, samurai were expected to be proficient in many weapons, as well as unarmed combat, and attain the highest possible mastery of combat skills. | |||
During the feudal era, Japan was characterized by a caste system that placed the samurai at the top of the social hierarchy. This privileged status granted them exclusive access to weapons and combat training, while other members of society were restricted from bearing arms. As a result, the samurai became the guardians of Japan's military and cultural traditions, and their influence is still evident in modern martial arts practices. | |||
The samurai were expected to be proficient in a wide range of weapons, including the katana (sword), yumi (bow), yari (spear), and naginata (halberd). In addition to their expertise in weaponry, samurai were also trained in unarmed combat techniques, such as jujutsu and sumo. This comprehensive approach to martial training ensured that samurai were well-equipped to face any challenge on the battlefield. | |||
Over time, the martial arts of Japan evolved and diversified, giving rise to various distinct styles and disciplines. Some martial arts, such as kendo and kyudo, focus on the refinement of traditional weapon skills, while others, such as judo and karate, emphasize unarmed combat and self-defense techniques. The underlying philosophy of Japanese martial arts is not solely about physical prowess, but also about the cultivation of character, discipline, and spiritual growth. | |||
In this lesson, you will find a lexicon of Japanese martial arts. This glossary will introduce you to key terms, concepts, and disciplines that are integral to the study and practice of martial arts in Japan. Whether you are a martial arts enthusiast, a practitioner, or simply curious about Japan's rich martial heritage, this lexicon will serve as a valuable resource for expanding your knowledge and understanding of the world of Japanese martial arts. | |||
Feel free to correct or add new vocabulary as you explore the diverse and fascinating realm of Japanese martial arts. | |||
<span link>Don't hesitate to look into these other pages after completing this lesson:</span> [[Language/Japanese/Vocabulary/Transport|Transport]], [[Language/Japanese/Vocabulary/Days-of-the-Week|Days of the Week]], [[Language/Japanese/Vocabulary/Counting-and-Numbers|Counting and Numbers]] & [[Language/Japanese/Vocabulary/Metal|Metal]]. | |||
__TOC__ | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
!Japanese | |||
!French | !French | ||
!English | !English | ||
|- | |- | ||
!A | ! | ||
== A == | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|AI | |AI | ||
合 | |||
|Harmonie, union, unification, rencontre. | |Harmonie, union, unification, rencontre. | ||
|Harmony, union, unification, encounter. | |Harmony, union, unification, encounter. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|AI HANMI | |AI HANMI | ||
相半身 | |||
|Position identique. | |Position identique. | ||
|Identical position. | |Identical position. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|AI HANMI KATATE DORI | |AI HANMI KATATE DORI | ||
相半身片手取り | |||
|Saisie d'une main du côté opposé. | |Saisie d'une main du côté opposé. | ||
|Entering a hand on the opposite side. | |Entering a hand on the opposite side. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|AIKI OTOSHI | |AIKI OTOSHI | ||
合気落とし | |||
|Projection qui utilise le ramassage des jambes du partenaire. | |Projection qui utilise le ramassage des jambes du partenaire. | ||
|Projection that uses the partner's leg collection. | |Projection that uses the partner's leg collection. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|AIKI | |AIKI TAISŌ | ||
合気体操 | |||
|Exercices de bases en Aikido. | |Exercices de bases en Aikido. | ||
|Basic exercises in Aikido. | |Basic exercises in Aikido. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |AIKIDŌ | ||
合気道 | |||
|Voie de l'harmonie. Art martial uniquement défensif utilisant différentes techniques de projection, de contrôle et d'immobilisation mettant en jeu les articulations. L'AIKIDO est la forme moderne et pacifique d'un art martial ancien, l'AIKIJUTSU, lui-même issu d'un autre art tout aussi ancien | |Voie de l'harmonie. Art martial uniquement défensif utilisant différentes techniques de projection, de contrôle et d'immobilisation mettant en jeu les articulations. L'AIKIDO est la forme moderne et pacifique d'un art martial ancien, l'AIKIJUTSU, lui-même issu d'un autre art tout aussi ancien | ||
|Way of harmony. Only defensive martial art using different techniques of projection, control and immobilization involving the joints. AIKIDO is the modern and peaceful form of an ancient martial art, the AIKIJUTSU, itself derived from another ancient art | |Way of harmony. Only defensive martial art using different techniques of projection, control and immobilization involving the joints. AIKIDO is the modern and peaceful form of an ancient martial art, the AIKIJUTSU, itself derived from another ancient art | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |AIKIDŌGI | ||
合気道着 | |||
|Tenue d'Aikido. | |Tenue d'Aikido. | ||
|Aikido outfit. | |Aikido outfit. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |AIKIDŌKA | ||
合気道家 | |||
|Pratiquant qui a atteint la maîtrise dans l'art de l'Aikido. Le terme correct pour désigner un pratiquant qui n'a pas encore atteint la maîtrise est | |Pratiquant qui a atteint la maîtrise dans l'art de l'Aikido. Le terme correct pour désigner un pratiquant qui n'a pas encore atteint la maîtrise est | ||
|Practitioner who has achieved mastery in the art of Aikido. The correct term for a practitioner who has not yet achieved mastery is | |Practitioner who has achieved mastery in the art of Aikido. The correct term for a practitioner who has not yet achieved mastery is | ||
|- | |- | ||
|AIKIJUTSU | |AIKIJUTSU | ||
合気術 | |||
|Technique ancienne de combat basée sur la coordination entre attaque et défense. | |Technique ancienne de combat basée sur la coordination entre attaque et défense. | ||
|Ancient combat technique based on coordination between attack and defense. | |Ancient combat technique based on coordination between attack and defense. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|AITE | |AITE | ||
相手 | |||
|Partenaire d'entraînement. | |Partenaire d'entraînement. | ||
|Training partner. | |Training partner. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |ARIGATŌ | ||
有難う | |||
|Merci. | |Merci. | ||
|Thank you. | |Thank you. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |ARIGATŌ GOZAIMASHITA | ||
有難う御座いました | |||
|Merci beaucoup. | |Merci beaucoup. | ||
|Thank you so much. | |Thank you so much. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|ASHI | |ASHI | ||
足 | |||
|Pied OU jambe. | |Pied OU jambe. | ||
|Foot OR leg. | |Foot OR leg. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|ASHI BARAI | |ASHI BARAI | ||
足払い | |||
|Balayage des jambes. | |Balayage des jambes. | ||
|Sweeping of the legs. | |Sweeping of the legs. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|ATEMI | |ATEMI | ||
当身 | |||
|Coup porté théoriquement à des endroits vitaux du corps humain. | |Coup porté théoriquement à des endroits vitaux du corps humain. | ||
|Striking theoretically at vital places of the human body. | |Striking theoretically at vital places of the human body. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|AYUMI ASHI | |AYUMI ASHI | ||
歩み足 | |||
|Déplacement en pas de marche normale, une jambe après l'autre. | |Déplacement en pas de marche normale, une jambe après l'autre. | ||
|Moving in normal step, one leg after another. | |Moving in normal step, one leg after another. | ||
|- | |- | ||
!B | ! | ||
== B == | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|BATTO JUTSU | |BATTO JUTSU | ||
抜刀術 | |||
|Art de dégainer le sabre (forme ancienne de IAIDO). | |Art de dégainer le sabre (forme ancienne de IAIDO). | ||
|Art of unsheathing the sword (old form of IAIDO). | |Art of unsheathing the sword (old form of IAIDO). | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |BŌ | ||
棒 | |||
|Bâton long (1,80 m). | |Bâton long (1,80 m). | ||
|Long stick (1.80 m). | |Long stick (1.80 m). | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |BŌJUTSU | ||
棒術 | |||
|Art ou bien technique du bâton. | |Art ou bien technique du bâton. | ||
|Art or technical stick. | |Art or technical stick. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|BOKKEN | |BOKKEN | ||
木剣 | |||
|Sabre de bois. | |Sabre de bois. | ||
|Wooden sword. | |Wooden sword. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |BUDŌ | ||
武道 | |||
|Voie de la guerre, arts martiaux traditionnels. | |Voie de la guerre, arts martiaux traditionnels. | ||
|Way of the war, traditional martial arts. | |Way of the war, traditional martial arts. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |BUDŌ SEISHIN | ||
武道精神 | |||
|esprit BUDO. | |esprit BUDO. | ||
|BUDO spirit. | |BUDO spirit. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|BUSHI | |BUSHI | ||
武士 | |||
|Guerrier. | |Guerrier. | ||
|Warrior. | |Warrior. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |BUSHIDŌ | ||
武士道 | |||
|Code d'honneur des BUSHI. | |Code d'honneur des BUSHI. | ||
|Code of honor of BUSHI. | |Code of honor of BUSHI. | ||
|- | |- | ||
!C | ! | ||
==C== | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|CHI | |CHI | ||
地 | |||
|Terre. | |Terre. | ||
|Earth. | |Earth. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |CHŪDAN | ||
中段 | |||
|Niveau moyen | |Niveau moyen | ||
|Average level | |Average level | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |CHŪDAN TSUKI | ||
中段突き | |||
|coup de poing hauteur abdomen-plexus. | |coup de poing hauteur abdomen-plexus. | ||
|punch abdomen-plexus height. | |punch abdomen-plexus height. | ||
|- | |- | ||
!D | ! | ||
==D== | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|DAN | |DAN | ||
段 | |||
|Degré, grade. | |Degré, grade. | ||
|Degree, grade. | |Degree, grade. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|DEAI | |DEAI | ||
出会い | |||
|Prise de contact, premier temps de la technique (littéralement | |Prise de contact, premier temps de la technique (littéralement | ||
|Handshake, first step of the technique (literally | |Handshake, first step of the technique (literally | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |DŌ | ||
道 | |||
|Voie. | |Voie. | ||
|Way. | |Way. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |DŌJŌ | ||
道場 | |||
|lieu ou l'on étudie la voie, salle de pratique des arts martiaux. | |lieu ou l'on étudie la voie, salle de pratique des arts martiaux. | ||
|place where one studies the way, room of practice of the martial arts. | |place where one studies the way, room of practice of the martial arts. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |DOORI | ||
通り | |||
|Saisie. | |Saisie. | ||
|Entering. | |Entering. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |DŌSHU | ||
道主 | |||
|Littéralement, le Maître de la voie, représentant suprême (technique et spirituel) de l'art. | |Littéralement, le Maître de la voie, représentant suprême (technique et spirituel) de l'art. | ||
|Literally, the Master of the Way, supreme representative (technical and spiritual) of art. | |Literally, the Master of the Way, supreme representative (technical and spiritual) of art. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |DŌZO | ||
どうぞ | |||
|Je vous en prie, s'il vous plaît. | |Je vous en prie, s'il vous plaît. | ||
|Please, please. | |Please, please. | ||
|- | |- | ||
!E | ! | ||
==E== | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|ERI | |ERI | ||
襟 | |||
|col | |col | ||
|collar | |collar | ||
|- | |- | ||
!G | ! | ||
==G== | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|GAESHI | | -GAESHI | ||
-返 | |||
|Enrouler. | |Enrouler. | ||
|Wrap. | |Wrap. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|GAKU | |GAKU | ||
学 | |||
|Calligraphie ou devise accrochée sur le mur des DOJO. | |Calligraphie ou devise accrochée sur le mur des DOJO. | ||
|Calligraphy or motto hanging on the wall of DOJO. | |Calligraphy or motto hanging on the wall of DOJO. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|GEDAN | |GEDAN | ||
下段 | |||
|Niveau bas. | |Niveau bas. | ||
|Low level. | |Low level. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|GERI/ KERI | | -GERI/ KERI | ||
蹴り | |||
|Coup de pied. | |Coup de pied. | ||
|Kick. | |Kick. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|GI | | -GI/ KI | ||
着 | |||
|Vetêment. | |Vetêment. | ||
|Clothes. | |Clothes. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|GI | |GI | ||
技 | |||
|La technique, l'habileté (cf. "SHIN, GI, TAI"). | |La technique, l'habileté (cf. "SHIN, GI, TAI"). | ||
|Technique, skill (see "SHIN, GI, TAI"). | |Technique, skill (see "SHIN, GI, TAI"). | ||
Line 204: | Line 265: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|GOSHI | |GOSHI | ||
腰 | |||
|Partie latérale du bassin, hanches voir aussi KOSHI. | |Partie latérale du bassin, hanches voir aussi KOSHI. | ||
|Lateral pelvis, hips see also KOSHI. | |Lateral pelvis, hips see also KOSHI. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|GYAKU HANMI | |GYAKU HANMI | ||
逆半身 | |||
|Position inverse. | |Position inverse. | ||
|Reverse position. | |Reverse position. | ||
|- | |- | ||
!H | ! | ||
==H== | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|HAKAMA | |HAKAMA | ||
袴 | |||
|Jupe-culotte traditionnelle portée sur le GI dans tous les BUDO classiques. Selon les écoles, peut être portée dès le début de la pratique ou à partir d'un certain grade (souvent la ceinture noire). | |Jupe-culotte traditionnelle portée sur le GI dans tous les BUDO classiques. Selon les écoles, peut être portée dès le début de la pratique ou à partir d'un certain grade (souvent la ceinture noire). | ||
|Traditional skirt worn on the GI in all classic BUDO. Depending on the school, can be worn from the beginning of the practice or from a certain grade (often the black belt). | |Traditional skirt worn on the GI in all classic BUDO. Depending on the school, can be worn from the beginning of the practice or from a certain grade (often the black belt). | ||
|- | |- | ||
|HANMI (HAMMI) | |HANMI (HAMMI) | ||
半身 | |||
|Position de base en Aikido, un côté en avant présentant la moitié du corps. | |Position de base en Aikido, un côté en avant présentant la moitié du corps. | ||
|Basic position in Aikido, one side forward with half of the body. | |Basic position in Aikido, one side forward with half of the body. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|HANMI HANDACHI | |HANMI HANDACHI | ||
半身半立 | |||
|Un partenaire debout, l'autre à genoux. | |Un partenaire debout, l'autre à genoux. | ||
|One partner standing, the other kneeling. | |One partner standing, the other kneeling. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|HARA | |HARA | ||
腹 | |||
|Le centre, le ventre considéré comme le centre de la vie et de l'énergie. | |Le centre, le ventre considéré comme le centre de la vie et de l'énergie. | ||
|The center, the belly considered as the center of life and energy. | |The center, the belly considered as the center of life and energy. | ||
Line 236: | Line 304: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|HENKA | |HENKA | ||
変化 | |||
|Changement de posture sans bouger les pieds. | |Changement de posture sans bouger les pieds. | ||
|Change of posture without moving your feet. | |Change of posture without moving your feet. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|HENKAWAZA | |HENKAWAZA | ||
変化技 | |||
|Variations, enchaînements. | |Variations, enchaînements. | ||
|Variations, concatenations. | |Variations, concatenations. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|HIDARI | |HIDARI | ||
左 | |||
|Gauche. | |Gauche. | ||
|Left. | |Left. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|HIJI | |HIJI | ||
肘 | |||
|Coude. | |Coude. | ||
|Elbow. | |Elbow. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|HIZA | |HIZA | ||
膝 | |||
|Genoux. | |Genoux. | ||
|Knees. | |Knees. | ||
|- | |- | ||
!I | ! | ||
==I== | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |IAIDŌ | ||
居合道 | |||
|Voie du sabre (voie du sortir du sabre). | |Voie du sabre (voie du sortir du sabre). | ||
|Way of the sword (way out of the sword). | |Way of the sword (way out of the sword). | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |IAITŌ | ||
居合刀 | |||
|Sabre factice d'entraînement au IAIDO. | |Sabre factice d'entraînement au IAIDO. | ||
|Dummy training sword at IAIDO. | |Dummy training sword at IAIDO. | ||
Line 272: | Line 348: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|IRI | |IRI | ||
入り | |||
|Entrer. | |Entrer. | ||
|Enter. | |Enter. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|IRIMI | |IRIMI | ||
入り身 | |||
|Point fort de l'AIKIDO, c'est l'action d'entrer droit sur l'adversaire tout en esquivant, action très positive. Presque tous les mouvements d'AIKIDO utilisent le IRIMI et au paroxysme du IRIMI-TENKAN. | |Point fort de l'AIKIDO, c'est l'action d'entrer droit sur l'adversaire tout en esquivant, action très positive. Presque tous les mouvements d'AIKIDO utilisent le IRIMI et au paroxysme du IRIMI-TENKAN. | ||
|Strong point of the AIKIDO, it is the action to enter right on the opponent while dodging, very positive action. Almost all movements of AIKIDO use IRIMI and the paroxysm of IRIMI-TENKAN. | |Strong point of the AIKIDO, it is the action to enter right on the opponent while dodging, very positive action. Almost all movements of AIKIDO use IRIMI and the paroxysm of IRIMI-TENKAN. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|IRIMI NAGE | |IRIMI NAGE | ||
入り身投げ | |||
|Projection en entrant. | |Projection en entrant. | ||
|Projection when entering. | |Projection when entering. | ||
|- | |- | ||
!J | ! | ||
==J== | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |JIYŪ WAZA | ||
自由技 | |||
|Travail libre. | |Travail libre. | ||
|Free work. | |Free work. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |JŌ | ||
丈 | |||
|Bâton utilisé en Aikido (1,28 m). | |Bâton utilisé en Aikido (1,28 m). | ||
|Staff used in Aikido (1.28 m). | |Staff used in Aikido (1.28 m). | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |JŌDAN | ||
| | 上段 | ||
|Niveau haut. | |||
|High level. | |||
|- | |- | ||
|JOSEKI | |JOSEKI | ||
Line 302: | Line 386: | ||
|Wall of honor of a DOJO. | |Wall of honor of a DOJO. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |JŪ | ||
柔 | |||
|Souplesse. | |Souplesse. | ||
|Flexibility. | |Flexibility. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |JŪ NO GEIKO | ||
|Entraînement souple. | |Entraînement souple. | ||
|Flexible training. | |Flexible training. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |JŪDŌ | ||
柔道 | |||
|Voie de la souplesse. Sport de combat principalement axé sur la compétition qui utilise les projections et les immobilisations de l'ancien JU JUTSU. | |Voie de la souplesse. Sport de combat principalement axé sur la compétition qui utilise les projections et les immobilisations de l'ancien JU JUTSU. | ||
|Way of flexibility. Primarily competition-based combat sport that uses projections and fixed assets from the former JU JUGSU. | |Way of flexibility. Primarily competition-based combat sport that uses projections and fixed assets from the former JU JUGSU. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |JŪDŌGI | ||
柔道着 | |||
|Tenue de JUDO. | |Tenue de JUDO. | ||
|Judo dress. | |Judo dress. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |JŪJŪTSU | ||
柔術 | |||
|Anciennes méthodes de combat d'où sont tirés plusieurs arts martiaux modernes. | |Anciennes méthodes de combat d'où sont tirés plusieurs arts martiaux modernes. | ||
|Ancient methods of combat from which are drawn several modern martial arts. | |Ancient methods of combat from which are drawn several modern martial arts. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |JŪKEN JŪTSU | ||
銃剣術 | |||
|Art de la baïonnette | |Art de la baïonnette | ||
|Art of the bayonet | |Art of the bayonet | ||
|- | |- | ||
!K | ! | ||
==K== | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|KAI | |KAI | ||
会 | |||
|Association, groupement, école. | |Association, groupement, école. | ||
|Association, group, school. | |Association, group, school. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|KAITEN | |KAITEN | ||
回転 | |||
|Rotation, mouvement circulaire. | |Rotation, mouvement circulaire. | ||
|Rotation, circular motion. | |Rotation, circular motion. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|KAITEN NAGE | |KAITEN NAGE | ||
回転投げ | |||
|Projection en lancer rotatif. | |Projection en lancer rotatif. | ||
|Rotating throw projection. | |Rotating throw projection. | ||
Line 347: | Line 440: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|KAMAE | |KAMAE | ||
構え | |||
|Garde, posture. | |Garde, posture. | ||
|Guard, posture. | |Guard, posture. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|KAMIZA | |KAMIZA | ||
上座 | |||
|Place d'honneur du DOJO vers laquelle les saluts s'effectuent et où se trouve généralement le portrait de O-SENSEI. | |Place d'honneur du DOJO vers laquelle les saluts s'effectuent et où se trouve généralement le portrait de O-SENSEI. | ||
|Place of honor of the DOJO to which greetings are made and where is generally the portrait of O-SENSEI. | |Place of honor of the DOJO to which greetings are made and where is generally the portrait of O-SENSEI. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|KARATE | |KARATE | ||
空手 | |||
|Art martial de combat à mains nues (KARA | |Art martial de combat à mains nues (KARA | ||
|Martial art of hand-to-hand combat (KARA | |Martial art of hand-to-hand combat (KARA | ||
|- | |- | ||
|KARATEGI | |KARATEGI | ||
空手着 | |||
|Tenue de KARATE. | |Tenue de KARATE. | ||
| | |KARATE dress. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|KATA | |KATA | ||
Line 367: | Line 464: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|KATA | |KATA | ||
肩 | |||
|Épaules. | |Épaules. | ||
|Shoulders. | |Shoulders. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|KATAME WAZA | |KATAME WAZA | ||
固め技 | |||
|Techniques de contrôle qui sollicitent en général les articulations. | |Techniques de contrôle qui sollicitent en général les articulations. | ||
|Control techniques that generally involve the joints. | |Control techniques that generally involve the joints. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|KATANA | |KATANA | ||
刀 | |||
|Sabre japonais. | |Sabre japonais. | ||
|Japanese sword. | |Japanese sword. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|KATATE | |KATATE | ||
片手 | |||
|Avant bras, poignet. | |Avant bras, poignet. | ||
|Forearm, wrist. | |Forearm, wrist. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|KATATE | |KATATE DŌRI | ||
片手取り | |||
|Saisie du poignet. | |Saisie du poignet. | ||
|Entering the wrist. | |Entering the wrist. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|KEIKO | |KEIKO | ||
稽古 | |||
|Pratique, répétition, entraînement. | |Pratique, répétition, entraînement. | ||
|Practice, repetition, training. | |Practice, repetition, training. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|KEIKO | |KEIKO HŌ | ||
稽古法 | |||
|Formes de pratique. | |Formes de pratique. | ||
|Forms of practice. | |Forms of practice. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|KEIKOGI | |KEIKOGI | ||
稽古着 | |||
|Vêtement d'entraînement généralement blanc, utilisé dans la plupart des écoles d'arts martiaux. Appelé à tort KIMONO. | |Vêtement d'entraînement généralement blanc, utilisé dans la plupart des écoles d'arts martiaux. Appelé à tort KIMONO. | ||
|Usually white training suit, used in most martial arts schools. Wrongly called KIMONO. | |Usually white training suit, used in most martial arts schools. Wrongly called KIMONO. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|KEN | |KEN | ||
剣 | |||
|Sabre. | |Sabre. | ||
|Saber. | |Saber. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |KENDŌ | ||
剣道 | |||
|Escrime japonaise qui se pratique avec des sabres de bambou ou SHINAI. | |Escrime japonaise qui se pratique avec des sabres de bambou ou SHINAI. | ||
|Japanese fencing that is practiced with bamboo sabers or SHINAI. | |Japanese fencing that is practiced with bamboo sabers or SHINAI. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |KENPŌ (KEMPŌ) | ||
剣法 | |||
|ancienne technique de combat apparentée à la boxe chinoise et au KARATE. | |ancienne technique de combat apparentée à la boxe chinoise et au KARATE. | ||
|ancient combat technique akin to Chinese boxing and karate. | |ancient combat technique akin to Chinese boxing and karate. | ||
Line 419: | Line 527: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|KI | |KI | ||
気 | |||
|Énergie. | |Énergie. | ||
|Energy. | |Energy. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|KI MUSUBI | |KI MUSUBI | ||
気結び | |||
|Liaison entre les deux partenaires. | |Liaison entre les deux partenaires. | ||
|Liaison between the two partners. | |Liaison between the two partners. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|KIAI | |KIAI | ||
気合 | |||
|Cri, souffle ou bien impulsion. | |Cri, souffle ou bien impulsion. | ||
|Scream, breath or impulse. | |Scream, breath or impulse. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|KIMONO | |KIMONO | ||
着物 | |||
|Sorte de longue robe portée par les femmes ou par les hommes en vêtement d'intérieur ou de cérémonie. Le KIMONO n'est pas un vêtement d'entraînement en arts martiaux. Le vêtement d'entraînement s'appelle KEIKOGI. | |Sorte de longue robe portée par les femmes ou par les hommes en vêtement d'intérieur ou de cérémonie. Le KIMONO n'est pas un vêtement d'entraînement en arts martiaux. Le vêtement d'entraînement s'appelle KEIKOGI. | ||
|Kind of long dress worn by women or men in indoor or ceremonial clothing. KIMONO is not a martial arts training garment. The training suit is called KEIKOGI. | |Kind of long dress worn by women or men in indoor or ceremonial clothing. KIMONO is not a martial arts training garment. The training suit is called KEIKOGI. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|KIRI | |KIRI | ||
切り | |||
|Coupe (de KIRU | |Coupe (de KIRU | ||
|Cup (from KIRU | |Cup (from KIRU | ||
|- | |- | ||
|KO | |KO | ||
呼 | |||
|Expiration. | |Expiration. | ||
|Expiry. | |Expiry. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |KOBUDŌ | ||
古武道 | |||
|Arts martiaux anciens. | |Arts martiaux anciens. | ||
|Ancient martial arts. | |Ancient martial arts. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|KOKORO | |KOKORO | ||
心 | |||
|Mentalité, coeur et esprit. | |Mentalité, coeur et esprit. | ||
|Mentality, heart and spirit. | |Mentality, heart and spirit. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|KOKYU | |KOKYU | ||
呼吸 | |||
|Respiration, échange, alternance de temps pleins et vides, rythme, coordination. | |Respiration, échange, alternance de temps pleins et vides, rythme, coordination. | ||
|Respiration, exchange, alternation of full and empty time, rhythm, coordination. | |Respiration, exchange, alternation of full and empty time, rhythm, coordination. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|KOKYU | |KOKYU HŌ | ||
呼吸法 | |||
|Exercice de KOKYU. | |Exercice de KOKYU. | ||
|KOKYU exercise. | |KOKYU exercise. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|KOKYU NAGE | |KOKYU NAGE | ||
呼吸投げ | |||
|Projection par le souffle. | |Projection par le souffle. | ||
|Projection by the breath. | |Projection by the breath. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|KOKYU RYOKU | |KOKYU RYOKU | ||
呼吸力 | |||
|Force développée grâce à une bonne utilisation de KOKYU. | |Force développée grâce à une bonne utilisation de KOKYU. | ||
|Force developed through good use of KOKYU. | |Force developed through good use of KOKYU. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|KOSHI | |KOSHI | ||
腰 | |||
|Côté latéral du bassin, hanches (GOSHI). | |Côté latéral du bassin, hanches (GOSHI). | ||
|Lateral side of the pelvis, hips (GOSHI). | |Lateral side of the pelvis, hips (GOSHI). | ||
|- | |- | ||
|KOTE | |KOTE | ||
小手 | |||
|Poignet. | |Poignet. | ||
|Wrist. | |Wrist. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|KOTE GAESHI | |KOTE GAESHI | ||
小手返し | |||
|Action et torsion extérieure sur le poignet. | |Action et torsion extérieure sur le poignet. | ||
|Action and outer twist on the wrist. | |Action and outer twist on the wrist. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|KUBI | |KUBI | ||
首 | |||
|Cou. | |Cou. | ||
|Neck. | |Neck. | ||
Line 491: | Line 611: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|KUMI | |KUMI | ||
組 | |||
|Groupe. | |Groupe. | ||
|Group. | |Group. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|KUMI TACHI | |KUMI TACHI | ||
組太刀 | |||
|Travail du sabre à deux. | |Travail du sabre à deux. | ||
|Sword work with two. | |Sword work with two. | ||
Line 500: | Line 622: | ||
|KUMIJO | |KUMIJO | ||
|Travail du JO à deux. | |Travail du JO à deux. | ||
| | |JO work two. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |KYŪ | ||
吸 | |||
|Inspiration. | |Inspiration. | ||
|Inspiration. | |Inspiration. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |KYŪ | ||
級 | |||
|Grade que l'on décerne avant les DAN. | |Grade que l'on décerne avant les DAN. | ||
|Grade that is awarded before the DAN. | |Grade that is awarded before the DAN. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |KYŪDŌ | ||
弓道 | |||
|Voie du tir à l'arc. | |Voie du tir à l'arc. | ||
|Way of archery. | |Way of archery. | ||
|- | |- | ||
!M | ! | ||
==M== | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|MA | |MA | ||
間 | |||
|Intervalle, distance, relation entre les deux partenaires. | |Intervalle, distance, relation entre les deux partenaires. | ||
|Interval, distance, relationship between the two partners. | |Interval, distance, relationship between the two partners. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |MAAI | ||
間合い | |||
|Gestion de la distance, de la relation. | |Gestion de la distance, de la relation. | ||
|Management of the distance, of the relation. | |Management of the distance, of the relation. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|MAE | |MAE | ||
前 | |||
|Devant. | |Devant. | ||
|In front of. | |In front of. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|MAE GERI | |MAE GERI | ||
前蹴り | |||
|Coup de pied direct de face. | |Coup de pied direct de face. | ||
|Direct kick from the front. | |Direct kick from the front. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|MAE UKEMI | |MAE UKEMI | ||
前受身 | |||
|Chute avant. | |Chute avant. | ||
|Fall before. | |Fall before. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|MAWASHI GERI | |MAWASHI GERI | ||
回し蹴り | |||
|Coup de pied circulaire. | |Coup de pied circulaire. | ||
|Circular kick. | |Circular kick. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|MEN | |MEN | ||
面 | |||
|Tête. | |Tête. | ||
|Head. | |Head. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|MI | |MI | ||
身 | |||
|Corps. | |Corps. | ||
|Body. | |Body. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|MICHI | |MICHI | ||
道 | |||
|Voie, DO. | |Voie, DO. | ||
|Way, DO. | |Way, DO. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|MIGI | |MIGI | ||
右 | |||
|Droite. | |Droite. | ||
|Right. | |Right. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|MU | |MU | ||
無 | |||
|Le monde de l'énergie invisible, le vide. | |Le monde de l'énergie invisible, le vide. | ||
|The world of invisible energy, emptiness. | |The world of invisible energy, emptiness. | ||
Line 571: | Line 704: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|MUNE | |MUNE | ||
胸 | |||
|Poitrine. | |Poitrine. | ||
|Chest. | |Chest. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|MUNE DORI | |MUNE DORI | ||
胸取り | |||
|Saisie du revers de la veste. | |Saisie du revers de la veste. | ||
|Seizure of the lapel of the jacket. | |Seizure of the lapel of the jacket. | ||
|- | |- | ||
!N | ! | ||
==N== | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|NAGE | |NAGE | ||
投げ | |||
|Celui qui fait la technique. Appelé aussi TORI ou SHITE. | |Celui qui fait la technique. Appelé aussi TORI ou SHITE. | ||
|Whoever does the technique. Also called TORI or SHITE. | |Whoever does the technique. Also called TORI or SHITE. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|NAGE WAZA | |NAGE WAZA | ||
投げ技 | |||
|Techniques de projection. | |Techniques de projection. | ||
|Projection techniques. | |Projection techniques. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|NAGINATA | |NAGINATA | ||
薙刀 | |||
|Sorte de lance recourbée, fauchard. Le NAGINATA est également un art martial pratiqué principalement par les femmes. | |Sorte de lance recourbée, fauchard. Le NAGINATA est également un art martial pratiqué principalement par les femmes. | ||
|Kind of curved spear, falcon. NAGINATA is also a martial art practiced mainly by women. | |Kind of curved spear, falcon. NAGINATA is also a martial art practiced mainly by women. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|NANAME | |NANAME | ||
斜め | |||
|En biais. | |En biais. | ||
|Slantwise. | |Slantwise. | ||
Line 602: | Line 742: | ||
|Second principle of immobilization, torsion of the wrist. | |Second principle of immobilization, torsion of the wrist. | ||
|- | |- | ||
!O | ! | ||
==O== | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|OBI | |OBI | ||
帯 | |||
|Ceinture. | |Ceinture. | ||
|Belt. | |Belt. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|OMOTE | |OMOTE | ||
表 | |||
|Positif, devant, de face. | |Positif, devant, de face. | ||
|Positive, front, front. | |Positive, front, front. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|ONEGAI SHIMASU | |ONEGAI SHIMASU | ||
お願いします | |||
|Phrase que l'on prononce lorsque l'on salue quelqu'un et qui signifie littéralement | |Phrase que l'on prononce lorsque l'on salue quelqu'un et qui signifie littéralement | ||
|Phrase that is pronounced when we greet someone and literally means | |Phrase that is pronounced when we greet someone and literally means | ||
|- | |- | ||
|OSAE WAZA | |OSAE WAZA | ||
抑え技 | |||
|Techniques de contrôle, immobilisations, exemple | |Techniques de contrôle, immobilisations, exemple | ||
|Control techniques, fixed assets, example | |Control techniques, fixed assets, example | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |O SENSEI | ||
お先生 | |||
|Littéralement Grand Maître, désigne le fondateur, Morihei Ueshiba. | |Littéralement Grand Maître, désigne le fondateur, Morihei Ueshiba. | ||
|Literally Grand Master, designates the founder, Morihei Ueshiba. | |Literally Grand Master, designates the founder, Morihei Ueshiba. | ||
|- | |- | ||
!R | ! | ||
==R== | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
Line 635: | Line 782: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|REI | |REI | ||
礼 | |||
|Salut. | |Salut. | ||
| | |Salution. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|REISHIKI | |REISHIKI | ||
礼式 | |||
|Etiquette, règles de comportement dans le DOJO. | |Etiquette, règles de comportement dans le DOJO. | ||
|Etiquette, rules of behavior in the DOJO. | |Etiquette, rules of behavior in the DOJO. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|RITSU REI | |RITSU REI | ||
立礼 | |||
|Salut debout. | |Salut debout. | ||
| | |Standing salution. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |RYŌ KATA | ||
両肩 | |||
|Deux épaules. | |Deux épaules. | ||
|Two shoulders. | |Two shoulders. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |RYŌ KATATE | ||
両片手 | |||
|Deux poignets. | |Deux poignets. | ||
|Two wrists. | |Two wrists. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |RYŌTE | ||
両手 | |||
|Deux mains. | |Deux mains. | ||
|Two hands. | |Two hands. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|RYU | |RYU | ||
流 | |||
|École d'arts martiaux. | |École d'arts martiaux. | ||
|School of martial arts. | |School of martial arts. | ||
|- | |- | ||
!S | ! | ||
==S== | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|SAMURAI | |SAMURAI | ||
侍 | |||
|Guerrier, membre de la classe militaire à l'époque féodale. | |Guerrier, membre de la classe militaire à l'époque féodale. | ||
|Warrior, member of the military class at the time feudal. | |Warrior, member of the military class at the time feudal. | ||
Line 679: | Line 835: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|SEISHIN | |SEISHIN | ||
精神 | |||
|Esprit. | |Esprit. | ||
|Mind. | |Mind. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|SEIZA | |SEIZA | ||
正座 | |||
|Position à genoux, assis sur les talons. | |Position à genoux, assis sur les talons. | ||
|Position on your knees, sitting on your heels. | |Position on your knees, sitting on your heels. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|SENPAI (SEMPAI) | |SENPAI (SEMPAI) | ||
先輩 | |||
|Ancien élève. | |Ancien élève. | ||
|Former student. | |Former student. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|SENSEI | |SENSEI | ||
先生 | |||
|Professeur, enseignant ou toute personne que l'on respecte beaucoup. | |Professeur, enseignant ou toute personne que l'on respecte beaucoup. | ||
|Professor, teacher or anyone who is very respected. | |Professor, teacher or anyone who is very respected. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|SHIAI | |SHIAI | ||
試合 | |||
|Compétition. | |Compétition. | ||
|Competition. | |Competition. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|SHIHAN | |SHIHAN | ||
師範 | |||
|Professeur de très haut grade. Grand Maître. | |Professeur de très haut grade. Grand Maître. | ||
|Professor of very high grade. Grand Master. | |Professor of very high grade. Grand Master. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |SHIHŌ | ||
四方 | |||
|4 directions. | |4 directions. | ||
|4 directions. | |4 directions. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|SHIHO GIRI | |SHIHO GIRI | ||
四方切り | |||
|Action de couper dans les 4 directions. | |Action de couper dans les 4 directions. | ||
|Action to cut in 4 directions. | |Action to cut in 4 directions. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|SHIHO NAGE | |SHIHO NAGE | ||
四方投げ | |||
|Projection dans les 4 directions. | |Projection dans les 4 directions. | ||
|Projection in 4 directions. | |Projection in 4 directions. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|SHIMOSEKI | |SHIMOSEKI | ||
下席 | |||
|Partie basse du tapis, en face du JOSEKI. | |Partie basse du tapis, en face du JOSEKI. | ||
|Lower part of the carpet, opposite the JOSEKI. | |Lower part of the carpet, opposite the JOSEKI. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|SHIN | |SHIN | ||
神 | |||
|Esprit, coeur. | |Esprit, coeur. | ||
|Spirit, heart. | |Spirit, heart. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|SHIN GI TAI | |SHIN GI TAI | ||
心技体 | |||
|Union du mental, de la technique et du physique. Idéal recherché. | |Union du mental, de la technique et du physique. Idéal recherché. | ||
|Union of mental, technical and physical. Ideal sought. | |Union of mental, technical and physical. Ideal sought. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|SHINAI | |SHINAI | ||
竹刀 | |||
|Sabre composé de 4 lamelles de bambou utilisé en KENDO. | |Sabre composé de 4 lamelles de bambou utilisé en KENDO. | ||
|Saber composed of 4 strips of bamboo used in KENDO. | |Saber composed of 4 strips of bamboo used in KENDO. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |SHINTŌ | ||
神道 | |||
|Religion nationale du Japon basée sur le culte des ancêtres. | |Religion nationale du Japon basée sur le culte des ancêtres. | ||
|Japan's national religion based on ancestor worship. | |Japan's national religion based on ancestor worship. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|SHISEI | |SHISEI | ||
心性 | |||
|Attitude, posture correcte. | |Attitude, posture correcte. | ||
|Attitude, correct posture. | |Attitude, correct posture. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|SHITE | |SHITE | ||
仕手 | |||
|Celui qui fait la technique (appelé aussi TORI ou NAGE). | |Celui qui fait la technique (appelé aussi TORI ou NAGE). | ||
|Whoever does the technique (also called TORI or NAGE). | |Whoever does the technique (also called TORI or NAGE). | ||
|- | |- | ||
|SHIZENTAI | |SHIZENTAI | ||
自然体 | |||
|Position naturelle de base. | |Position naturelle de base. | ||
|Basic natural position. | |Basic natural position. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|SHO | |SHO | ||
初 | |||
|Début. | |Début. | ||
|Start. | |Start. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|SHODAN | |SHODAN | ||
初段 | |||
|Premier DAN (DAN du débutant). | |Premier DAN (DAN du débutant). | ||
|First DAN (beginner's DAN). | |First DAN (beginner's DAN). | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |SHŌMEN | ||
正面 | |||
|De face. | |De face. | ||
|Front. | |Front. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |SHŌMEN UCHI | ||
正面打ち | |||
|Coup direct à la tête. | |Coup direct à la tête. | ||
|Direct blow to the head. | |Direct blow to the head. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|SODE | |SODE | ||
袖 | |||
|Manche. | |Manche. | ||
|Handle. | |Handle. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|SOKUMEN | |SOKUMEN | ||
側面 | |||
|De biais. | |De biais. | ||
| | |Side. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|SOTO | |SOTO | ||
外 | |||
|Extérieur. | |Extérieur. | ||
|Outside. | |Outside. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|SUBURI | |SUBURI | ||
素振り | |||
|Exercice individuel de coupes répétitives au Ken. | |Exercice individuel de coupes répétitives au Ken. | ||
|Individual exercise of repetitive cuts at Ken. | |Individual exercise of repetitive cuts at Ken. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |SUMŌ | ||
相撲 | |||
|Lutte japonaise. | |Lutte japonaise. | ||
|Japanese wrestling. | |Japanese wrestling. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|SUWARI | |SUWARI | ||
座り | |||
|À genoux. | |À genoux. | ||
|On your knees. | |On your knees. | ||
|- | |- | ||
!T | ! | ||
==T== | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|TACHI | |TACHI | ||
立ち | |||
|Debout. | |Debout. | ||
|Standing. | |Standing. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|TAI | |TAI | ||
体 | |||
|Le corps. | |Le corps. | ||
|The body. | |The body. | ||
Line 806: | Line 988: | ||
|Movement of the body (often combination of "Irimi-tenkan"). | |Movement of the body (often combination of "Irimi-tenkan"). | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |TAIDŌ | ||
体道 | |||
|La Voie du Corps | |La Voie du Corps | ||
|The Body Way | |The Body Way | ||
|- | |- | ||
|TAIJUTSU | |TAIJUTSU | ||
体術 | |||
|Techniques de combat à mains nues. | |Techniques de combat à mains nues. | ||
|Hand fighting techniques. | |Hand fighting techniques. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |TAISŌ | ||
体操 | |||
|Gymnastique, éducatif, échauffement. | |Gymnastique, éducatif, échauffement. | ||
|Gymnastics, educational, warm-up. | |Gymnastics, educational, warm-up. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |TANBŌ (TAMBŌ) | ||
短棒 | |||
|Bâton court. | |Bâton court. | ||
|Short stick. | |Short stick. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |TANTŌ | ||
短刀 | |||
|Couteau. | |Couteau. | ||
|Knife. | |Knife. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |TANTŌ DORI | ||
短刀取り | |||
|Techniques contre couteau. | |Techniques contre couteau. | ||
|Techniques against knife. | |Techniques against knife. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|TATAMI | |TATAMI | ||
畳 | |||
|Natte épaisse de paille que l'on trouve dans les maisons japonaises et dans les DOJO; par extension le tapis du DOJO. | |Natte épaisse de paille que l'on trouve dans les maisons japonaises et dans les DOJO; par extension le tapis du DOJO. | ||
|Thick straw mat found in Japanese houses and DOJOs; by extension the carpet of the DOJO. | |Thick straw mat found in Japanese houses and DOJOs; by extension the carpet of the DOJO. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|TE | |TE | ||
手 | |||
|Main. | |Main. | ||
|Hand. | |Hand. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|TE NO UCHI | |TE NO UCHI | ||
手の内 | |||
|Intérieur de la main. | |Intérieur de la main. | ||
|Interior of the hand. | |Interior of the hand. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|TEGATANA | |TEGATANA | ||
手刀 | |||
|Tranchant de la main, la main sabre. | |Tranchant de la main, la main sabre. | ||
|Sharp of the hand, the hand saber. | |Sharp of the hand, the hand saber. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|TEKUBI | |TEKUBI | ||
手首 | |||
|Poignet. | |Poignet. | ||
|Wrist. | |Wrist. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|TEN | |TEN | ||
天 | |||
|Ciel. | |Ciel. | ||
|Sky. | |Sky. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|TENKAN | |TENKAN | ||
転換 | |||
|Déplacement en pivot autour du pied avant. | |Déplacement en pivot autour du pied avant. | ||
|Pivoting around the front foot. | |Pivoting around the front foot. | ||
Line 863: | Line 1,058: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|TORI | |TORI | ||
取り | |||
|Celui qui fait la technique. Appelé aussi NAGE ou SHITE. | |Celui qui fait la technique. Appelé aussi NAGE ou SHITE. | ||
|Whoever does the technique. Also called NAGE or SHITE. | |Whoever does the technique. Also called NAGE or SHITE. | ||
Line 871: | Line 1,067: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|TSUGI ASHI | |TSUGI ASHI | ||
継脚 | |||
|Déplacement en glissant les pieds sans passer une jambe devant l'autre. | |Déplacement en glissant les pieds sans passer une jambe devant l'autre. | ||
|Move by sliding your feet without passing one leg in front of the other. | |Move by sliding your feet without passing one leg in front of the other. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|TSUKI | |TSUKI | ||
突き | |||
|Coup direct et de face (poing, sabre ou bâton). | |Coup direct et de face (poing, sabre ou bâton). | ||
|Direct and direct shot (fist, sword or stick). | |Direct and direct shot (fist, sword or stick). | ||
|- | |- | ||
!U | ! | ||
==U== | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|UCHI | |UCHI | ||
内 | |||
|Intérieur. | |Intérieur. | ||
|Interior. | |Interior. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|UCHIDESHI | |UCHIDESHI | ||
内弟子 | |||
|Élève se destinant à être professeur et résidant en permanence dans le DOJO pendant son instruction. | |Élève se destinant à être professeur et résidant en permanence dans le DOJO pendant son instruction. | ||
|Student destined to be a teacher and permanently residing in the DOJO during his training. | |Student destined to be a teacher and permanently residing in the DOJO during his training. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|UDE | |UDE | ||
腕 | |||
|Bras. | |Bras. | ||
|Arms. | |Arms. | ||
|- | |||
|UESHIBA MORIHEI | |||
植芝盛平 | |||
|Nom du fondateur de l'Aikido. | |||
|Name of the founder of Aikido. | |||
|- | |- | ||
|UKA | |UKA | ||
Line 899: | Line 1,106: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|UKE | |UKE | ||
受け | |||
|Celui qui attaque et qui chute. | |Celui qui attaque et qui chute. | ||
|Whoever attacks and who falls. | |Whoever attacks and who falls. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|UKEMI | |UKEMI | ||
受け身 | |||
|Chute. | |Chute. | ||
|Fall. | |Fall. | ||
Line 911: | Line 1,120: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|USHIRO | |USHIRO | ||
後ろ | |||
|Arrière. | |Arrière. | ||
|Back. | |Back. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|USHIRO UKEMI | |USHIRO UKEMI | ||
後ろ受け身 | |||
|Chute arrière. | |Chute arrière. | ||
|Falling back. | |Falling back. | ||
|- | |- | ||
!W | ! | ||
==W== | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|WAKA SENSEI | |WAKA SENSEI | ||
若先生 | |||
|Fils du Maître, littéralement | |Fils du Maître, littéralement | ||
|Son of the Master, literally | |Son of the Master, literally | ||
|- | |- | ||
|WAZA | |WAZA | ||
技 | |||
|Technique. | |Technique. | ||
|Technical. | |Technical. | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Y | ! | ||
==Y== | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|YARI | |YARI | ||
槍 | |||
|Lance. | |Lance. | ||
|Lance. | |Lance. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|YOKO | |YOKO | ||
横 | |||
|Côté. | |Côté. | ||
|Side. | |Side. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|YOKOMEN | |YOKOMEN | ||
横面 | |||
|Côté de la tête. | |Côté de la tête. | ||
|Side of the head. | |Side of the head. | ||
Line 955: | Line 1,173: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|YUMI | |YUMI | ||
弓 | |||
|Arc japonais. | |Arc japonais. | ||
|Japanese bow. | |Japanese bow. | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Z | ! | ||
==Z== | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
Line 967: | Line 1,187: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|ZAREI | |ZAREI | ||
座礼 | |||
|Salut à genoux. | |Salut à genoux. | ||
| | |Salution on your knees. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |ZŌRI | ||
草履 | |||
|Sandales. | |Sandales. | ||
|Sandals. | |Sandals. | ||
Line 977: | Line 1,199: | ||
==Source== | ==Source== | ||
http://amt-budo.blogg.org/lexique-des-arts-martiaux-japonais-a116899184 | http://amt-budo.blogg.org/lexique-des-arts-martiaux-japonais-a116899184 | ||
==Other Lessons== | |||
* [[Language/Japanese/Vocabulary/Unique-Expressions|Unique Expressions]] | |||
* [[Language/Japanese/Vocabulary/Numbers|Numbers]] | |||
* [[Language/Japanese/Vocabulary/Fruits|Fruits]] | |||
* [[Language/Japanese/Vocabulary/Transport|Transport]] | |||
* [[Language/Japanese/Vocabulary/Parts-of-the-Body|Parts of the Body]] | |||
* [[Language/Japanese/Vocabulary/Greetings|Greetings]] | |||
* [[Language/Japanese/Vocabulary/Education|Education]] | |||
* [[Language/Japanese/Vocabulary/Body|Body]] | |||
* [[Language/Japanese/Vocabulary/Jobs|Jobs]] | |||
<span links></span> |
Latest revision as of 20:54, 9 April 2023
The historical origin of Japanese martial arts can be found in the warrior traditions of the samurai and the caste system that restricted the use of weapons by other members of society. Originally, samurai were expected to be proficient in many weapons, as well as unarmed combat, and attain the highest possible mastery of combat skills.
During the feudal era, Japan was characterized by a caste system that placed the samurai at the top of the social hierarchy. This privileged status granted them exclusive access to weapons and combat training, while other members of society were restricted from bearing arms. As a result, the samurai became the guardians of Japan's military and cultural traditions, and their influence is still evident in modern martial arts practices.
The samurai were expected to be proficient in a wide range of weapons, including the katana (sword), yumi (bow), yari (spear), and naginata (halberd). In addition to their expertise in weaponry, samurai were also trained in unarmed combat techniques, such as jujutsu and sumo. This comprehensive approach to martial training ensured that samurai were well-equipped to face any challenge on the battlefield.
Over time, the martial arts of Japan evolved and diversified, giving rise to various distinct styles and disciplines. Some martial arts, such as kendo and kyudo, focus on the refinement of traditional weapon skills, while others, such as judo and karate, emphasize unarmed combat and self-defense techniques. The underlying philosophy of Japanese martial arts is not solely about physical prowess, but also about the cultivation of character, discipline, and spiritual growth.
In this lesson, you will find a lexicon of Japanese martial arts. This glossary will introduce you to key terms, concepts, and disciplines that are integral to the study and practice of martial arts in Japan. Whether you are a martial arts enthusiast, a practitioner, or simply curious about Japan's rich martial heritage, this lexicon will serve as a valuable resource for expanding your knowledge and understanding of the world of Japanese martial arts.
Feel free to correct or add new vocabulary as you explore the diverse and fascinating realm of Japanese martial arts.
Don't hesitate to look into these other pages after completing this lesson: Transport, Days of the Week, Counting and Numbers & Metal.
Japanese | French | English |
---|---|---|
A[edit | edit source] |
||
AI
合 |
Harmonie, union, unification, rencontre. | Harmony, union, unification, encounter. |
AI HANMI
相半身 |
Position identique. | Identical position. |
AI HANMI KATATE DORI
相半身片手取り |
Saisie d'une main du côté opposé. | Entering a hand on the opposite side. |
AIKI OTOSHI
合気落とし |
Projection qui utilise le ramassage des jambes du partenaire. | Projection that uses the partner's leg collection. |
AIKI TAISŌ
合気体操 |
Exercices de bases en Aikido. | Basic exercises in Aikido. |
AIKIDŌ
合気道 |
Voie de l'harmonie. Art martial uniquement défensif utilisant différentes techniques de projection, de contrôle et d'immobilisation mettant en jeu les articulations. L'AIKIDO est la forme moderne et pacifique d'un art martial ancien, l'AIKIJUTSU, lui-même issu d'un autre art tout aussi ancien | Way of harmony. Only defensive martial art using different techniques of projection, control and immobilization involving the joints. AIKIDO is the modern and peaceful form of an ancient martial art, the AIKIJUTSU, itself derived from another ancient art |
AIKIDŌGI
合気道着 |
Tenue d'Aikido. | Aikido outfit. |
AIKIDŌKA
合気道家 |
Pratiquant qui a atteint la maîtrise dans l'art de l'Aikido. Le terme correct pour désigner un pratiquant qui n'a pas encore atteint la maîtrise est | Practitioner who has achieved mastery in the art of Aikido. The correct term for a practitioner who has not yet achieved mastery is |
AIKIJUTSU
合気術 |
Technique ancienne de combat basée sur la coordination entre attaque et défense. | Ancient combat technique based on coordination between attack and defense. |
AITE
相手 |
Partenaire d'entraînement. | Training partner. |
ARIGATŌ
有難う |
Merci. | Thank you. |
ARIGATŌ GOZAIMASHITA
有難う御座いました |
Merci beaucoup. | Thank you so much. |
ASHI
足 |
Pied OU jambe. | Foot OR leg. |
ASHI BARAI
足払い |
Balayage des jambes. | Sweeping of the legs. |
ATEMI
当身 |
Coup porté théoriquement à des endroits vitaux du corps humain. | Striking theoretically at vital places of the human body. |
AYUMI ASHI
歩み足 |
Déplacement en pas de marche normale, une jambe après l'autre. | Moving in normal step, one leg after another. |
B[edit | edit source] |
||
BATTO JUTSU
抜刀術 |
Art de dégainer le sabre (forme ancienne de IAIDO). | Art of unsheathing the sword (old form of IAIDO). |
BŌ
棒 |
Bâton long (1,80 m). | Long stick (1.80 m). |
BŌJUTSU
棒術 |
Art ou bien technique du bâton. | Art or technical stick. |
BOKKEN
木剣 |
Sabre de bois. | Wooden sword. |
BUDŌ
武道 |
Voie de la guerre, arts martiaux traditionnels. | Way of the war, traditional martial arts. |
BUDŌ SEISHIN
武道精神 |
esprit BUDO. | BUDO spirit. |
BUSHI
武士 |
Guerrier. | Warrior. |
BUSHIDŌ
武士道 |
Code d'honneur des BUSHI. | Code of honor of BUSHI. |
C[edit | edit source] |
||
CHI
地 |
Terre. | Earth. |
CHŪDAN
中段 |
Niveau moyen | Average level |
CHŪDAN TSUKI
中段突き |
coup de poing hauteur abdomen-plexus. | punch abdomen-plexus height. |
D[edit | edit source] |
||
DAN
段 |
Degré, grade. | Degree, grade. |
DEAI
出会い |
Prise de contact, premier temps de la technique (littéralement | Handshake, first step of the technique (literally |
DŌ
道 |
Voie. | Way. |
DŌJŌ
道場 |
lieu ou l'on étudie la voie, salle de pratique des arts martiaux. | place where one studies the way, room of practice of the martial arts. |
DOORI
通り |
Saisie. | Entering. |
DŌSHU
道主 |
Littéralement, le Maître de la voie, représentant suprême (technique et spirituel) de l'art. | Literally, the Master of the Way, supreme representative (technical and spiritual) of art. |
DŌZO
どうぞ |
Je vous en prie, s'il vous plaît. | Please, please. |
E[edit | edit source] |
||
ERI
襟 |
col | collar |
G[edit | edit source] |
||
-GAESHI
-返 |
Enrouler. | Wrap. |
GAKU
学 |
Calligraphie ou devise accrochée sur le mur des DOJO. | Calligraphy or motto hanging on the wall of DOJO. |
GEDAN
下段 |
Niveau bas. | Low level. |
-GERI/ KERI
蹴り |
Coup de pied. | Kick. |
-GI/ KI
着 |
Vetêment. | Clothes. |
GI
技 |
La technique, l'habileté (cf. "SHIN, GI, TAI"). | Technique, skill (see "SHIN, GI, TAI"). |
GO NO GEIKO | Entraînement fort, avec plus de fermeté de la part de UKE. | Strong training, with more firmness from UKE. |
GOKYO | Cinquième principe d'immobilisation. | Fifth principle of immobilization. |
GOSHI
腰 |
Partie latérale du bassin, hanches voir aussi KOSHI. | Lateral pelvis, hips see also KOSHI. |
GYAKU HANMI
逆半身 |
Position inverse. | Reverse position. |
H[edit | edit source] |
||
HAKAMA
袴 |
Jupe-culotte traditionnelle portée sur le GI dans tous les BUDO classiques. Selon les écoles, peut être portée dès le début de la pratique ou à partir d'un certain grade (souvent la ceinture noire). | Traditional skirt worn on the GI in all classic BUDO. Depending on the school, can be worn from the beginning of the practice or from a certain grade (often the black belt). |
HANMI (HAMMI)
半身 |
Position de base en Aikido, un côté en avant présentant la moitié du corps. | Basic position in Aikido, one side forward with half of the body. |
HANMI HANDACHI
半身半立 |
Un partenaire debout, l'autre à genoux. | One partner standing, the other kneeling. |
HARA
腹 |
Le centre, le ventre considéré comme le centre de la vie et de l'énergie. | The center, the belly considered as the center of life and energy. |
HARAGEI | Art de développer le HARA. | Art of developing the HARA. |
HENKA
変化 |
Changement de posture sans bouger les pieds. | Change of posture without moving your feet. |
HENKAWAZA
変化技 |
Variations, enchaînements. | Variations, concatenations. |
HIDARI
左 |
Gauche. | Left. |
HIJI
肘 |
Coude. | Elbow. |
HIZA
膝 |
Genoux. | Knees. |
I[edit | edit source] |
||
IAIDŌ
居合道 |
Voie du sabre (voie du sortir du sabre). | Way of the sword (way out of the sword). |
IAITŌ
居合刀 |
Sabre factice d'entraînement au IAIDO. | Dummy training sword at IAIDO. |
IKKYO | Premier principe d'immobilisation, clouage du coude. | First principle of immobilization, nailing of the elbow. |
IRI
入り |
Entrer. | Enter. |
IRIMI
入り身 |
Point fort de l'AIKIDO, c'est l'action d'entrer droit sur l'adversaire tout en esquivant, action très positive. Presque tous les mouvements d'AIKIDO utilisent le IRIMI et au paroxysme du IRIMI-TENKAN. | Strong point of the AIKIDO, it is the action to enter right on the opponent while dodging, very positive action. Almost all movements of AIKIDO use IRIMI and the paroxysm of IRIMI-TENKAN. |
IRIMI NAGE
入り身投げ |
Projection en entrant. | Projection when entering. |
J[edit | edit source] |
||
JIYŪ WAZA
自由技 |
Travail libre. | Free work. |
JŌ
丈 |
Bâton utilisé en Aikido (1,28 m). | Staff used in Aikido (1.28 m). |
JŌDAN
上段 |
Niveau haut. | High level. |
JOSEKI | Mur d'honneur d'un DOJO. | Wall of honor of a DOJO. |
JŪ
柔 |
Souplesse. | Flexibility. |
JŪ NO GEIKO | Entraînement souple. | Flexible training. |
JŪDŌ
柔道 |
Voie de la souplesse. Sport de combat principalement axé sur la compétition qui utilise les projections et les immobilisations de l'ancien JU JUTSU. | Way of flexibility. Primarily competition-based combat sport that uses projections and fixed assets from the former JU JUGSU. |
JŪDŌGI
柔道着 |
Tenue de JUDO. | Judo dress. |
JŪJŪTSU
柔術 |
Anciennes méthodes de combat d'où sont tirés plusieurs arts martiaux modernes. | Ancient methods of combat from which are drawn several modern martial arts. |
JŪKEN JŪTSU
銃剣術 |
Art de la baïonnette | Art of the bayonet |
K[edit | edit source] |
||
KAI
会 |
Association, groupement, école. | Association, group, school. |
KAITEN
回転 |
Rotation, mouvement circulaire. | Rotation, circular motion. |
KAITEN NAGE
回転投げ |
Projection en lancer rotatif. | Rotating throw projection. |
KAKARI GEIKO | Forme de travail en continu où le(s) partenaire(s) attaque(nt) sans arrêt. | Form of continuous work where the partner (s) attack (s) without stopping. |
KAMAE
構え |
Garde, posture. | Guard, posture. |
KAMIZA
上座 |
Place d'honneur du DOJO vers laquelle les saluts s'effectuent et où se trouve généralement le portrait de O-SENSEI. | Place of honor of the DOJO to which greetings are made and where is generally the portrait of O-SENSEI. |
KARATE
空手 |
Art martial de combat à mains nues (KARA | Martial art of hand-to-hand combat (KARA |
KARATEGI
空手着 |
Tenue de KARATE. | KARATE dress. |
KATA | Formes imposées, ensemble de mouvements stylisés. | Imposed forms, set of stylized movements. |
KATA
肩 |
Épaules. | Shoulders. |
KATAME WAZA
固め技 |
Techniques de contrôle qui sollicitent en général les articulations. | Control techniques that generally involve the joints. |
KATANA
刀 |
Sabre japonais. | Japanese sword. |
KATATE
片手 |
Avant bras, poignet. | Forearm, wrist. |
KATATE DŌRI
片手取り |
Saisie du poignet. | Entering the wrist. |
KEIKO
稽古 |
Pratique, répétition, entraînement. | Practice, repetition, training. |
KEIKO HŌ
稽古法 |
Formes de pratique. | Forms of practice. |
KEIKOGI
稽古着 |
Vêtement d'entraînement généralement blanc, utilisé dans la plupart des écoles d'arts martiaux. Appelé à tort KIMONO. | Usually white training suit, used in most martial arts schools. Wrongly called KIMONO. |
KEN
剣 |
Sabre. | Saber. |
KENDŌ
剣道 |
Escrime japonaise qui se pratique avec des sabres de bambou ou SHINAI. | Japanese fencing that is practiced with bamboo sabers or SHINAI. |
KENPŌ (KEMPŌ)
剣法 |
ancienne technique de combat apparentée à la boxe chinoise et au KARATE. | ancient combat technique akin to Chinese boxing and karate. |
KENSEN | Ligne imaginaire reliant les deux partenaires et où se situe l'action (litt: ligne des sabres). | Imaginary line connecting the two partners and where is the action (litt: line of swords). |
KESA GIRI | Action de couper en biais et de haut en bas. | Action to cut at an angle and from top to bottom. |
KI
気 |
Énergie. | Energy. |
KI MUSUBI
気結び |
Liaison entre les deux partenaires. | Liaison between the two partners. |
KIAI
気合 |
Cri, souffle ou bien impulsion. | Scream, breath or impulse. |
KIMONO
着物 |
Sorte de longue robe portée par les femmes ou par les hommes en vêtement d'intérieur ou de cérémonie. Le KIMONO n'est pas un vêtement d'entraînement en arts martiaux. Le vêtement d'entraînement s'appelle KEIKOGI. | Kind of long dress worn by women or men in indoor or ceremonial clothing. KIMONO is not a martial arts training garment. The training suit is called KEIKOGI. |
KIRI
切り |
Coupe (de KIRU | Cup (from KIRU |
KO
呼 |
Expiration. | Expiry. |
KOBUDŌ
古武道 |
Arts martiaux anciens. | Ancient martial arts. |
KOKORO
心 |
Mentalité, coeur et esprit. | Mentality, heart and spirit. |
KOKYU
呼吸 |
Respiration, échange, alternance de temps pleins et vides, rythme, coordination. | Respiration, exchange, alternation of full and empty time, rhythm, coordination. |
KOKYU HŌ
呼吸法 |
Exercice de KOKYU. | KOKYU exercise. |
KOKYU NAGE
呼吸投げ |
Projection par le souffle. | Projection by the breath. |
KOKYU RYOKU
呼吸力 |
Force développée grâce à une bonne utilisation de KOKYU. | Force developed through good use of KOKYU. |
KOSHI
腰 |
Côté latéral du bassin, hanches (GOSHI). | Lateral side of the pelvis, hips (GOSHI). |
KOTE
小手 |
Poignet. | Wrist. |
KOTE GAESHI
小手返し |
Action et torsion extérieure sur le poignet. | Action and outer twist on the wrist. |
KUBI
首 |
Cou. | Neck. |
KUBI SHIME | Étranglement. | Strangulation. |
KUMI
組 |
Groupe. | Group. |
KUMI TACHI
組太刀 |
Travail du sabre à deux. | Sword work with two. |
KUMIJO | Travail du JO à deux. | JO work two. |
KYŪ
吸 |
Inspiration. | Inspiration. |
KYŪ
級 |
Grade que l'on décerne avant les DAN. | Grade that is awarded before the DAN. |
KYŪDŌ
弓道 |
Voie du tir à l'arc. | Way of archery. |
M[edit | edit source] |
||
MA
間 |
Intervalle, distance, relation entre les deux partenaires. | Interval, distance, relationship between the two partners. |
MAAI
間合い |
Gestion de la distance, de la relation. | Management of the distance, of the relation. |
MAE
前 |
Devant. | In front of. |
MAE GERI
前蹴り |
Coup de pied direct de face. | Direct kick from the front. |
MAE UKEMI
前受身 |
Chute avant. | Fall before. |
MAWASHI GERI
回し蹴り |
Coup de pied circulaire. | Circular kick. |
MEN
面 |
Tête. | Head. |
MI
身 |
Corps. | Body. |
MICHI
道 |
Voie, DO. | Way, DO. |
MIGI
右 |
Droite. | Right. |
MU
無 |
Le monde de l'énergie invisible, le vide. | The world of invisible energy, emptiness. |
MUKSO | Concentration. | Concentration. |
MUNE
胸 |
Poitrine. | Chest. |
MUNE DORI
胸取り |
Saisie du revers de la veste. | Seizure of the lapel of the jacket. |
N[edit | edit source] |
||
NAGE
投げ |
Celui qui fait la technique. Appelé aussi TORI ou SHITE. | Whoever does the technique. Also called TORI or SHITE. |
NAGE WAZA
投げ技 |
Techniques de projection. | Projection techniques. |
NAGINATA
薙刀 |
Sorte de lance recourbée, fauchard. Le NAGINATA est également un art martial pratiqué principalement par les femmes. | Kind of curved spear, falcon. NAGINATA is also a martial art practiced mainly by women. |
NANAME
斜め |
En biais. | Slantwise. |
NIKKYO | Deuxième principe d'immobilisation, torsion du poignet. | Second principle of immobilization, torsion of the wrist. |
O[edit | edit source] |
||
OBI
帯 |
Ceinture. | Belt. |
OMOTE
表 |
Positif, devant, de face. | Positive, front, front. |
ONEGAI SHIMASU
お願いします |
Phrase que l'on prononce lorsque l'on salue quelqu'un et qui signifie littéralement | Phrase that is pronounced when we greet someone and literally means |
OSAE WAZA
抑え技 |
Techniques de contrôle, immobilisations, exemple | Control techniques, fixed assets, example |
O SENSEI
お先生 |
Littéralement Grand Maître, désigne le fondateur, Morihei Ueshiba. | Literally Grand Master, designates the founder, Morihei Ueshiba. |
R[edit | edit source] |
||
RANDORI | Travail libre et continu. | Free and continuous work. |
REI
礼 |
Salut. | Salution. |
REISHIKI
礼式 |
Etiquette, règles de comportement dans le DOJO. | Etiquette, rules of behavior in the DOJO. |
RITSU REI
立礼 |
Salut debout. | Standing salution. |
RYŌ KATA
両肩 |
Deux épaules. | Two shoulders. |
RYŌ KATATE
両片手 |
Deux poignets. | Two wrists. |
RYŌTE
両手 |
Deux mains. | Two hands. |
RYU
流 |
École d'arts martiaux. | School of martial arts. |
S[edit | edit source] |
||
SAMURAI
侍 |
Guerrier, membre de la classe militaire à l'époque féodale. | Warrior, member of the military class at the time feudal. |
SANKAKUTAI | Position de garde. Les pieds à angle droit de façon à ce que les lignes talon-orteils forment un triangle. Figure géométrique de stabilité et de mouvement. | Guard position. The feet at right angles so that the heel-toe lines form a triangle. Geometric figure of stability and movement. |
SANKYO | Troisième principe d'immobilisation, action sur l'épaule. | Third principle of immobilization, action on the shoulder. |
SEISHIN
精神 |
Esprit. | Mind. |
SEIZA
正座 |
Position à genoux, assis sur les talons. | Position on your knees, sitting on your heels. |
SENPAI (SEMPAI)
先輩 |
Ancien élève. | Former student. |
SENSEI
先生 |
Professeur, enseignant ou toute personne que l'on respecte beaucoup. | Professor, teacher or anyone who is very respected. |
SHIAI
試合 |
Compétition. | Competition. |
SHIHAN
師範 |
Professeur de très haut grade. Grand Maître. | Professor of very high grade. Grand Master. |
SHIHŌ
四方 |
4 directions. | 4 directions. |
SHIHO GIRI
四方切り |
Action de couper dans les 4 directions. | Action to cut in 4 directions. |
SHIHO NAGE
四方投げ |
Projection dans les 4 directions. | Projection in 4 directions. |
SHIMOSEKI
下席 |
Partie basse du tapis, en face du JOSEKI. | Lower part of the carpet, opposite the JOSEKI. |
SHIN
神 |
Esprit, coeur. | Spirit, heart. |
SHIN GI TAI
心技体 |
Union du mental, de la technique et du physique. Idéal recherché. | Union of mental, technical and physical. Ideal sought. |
SHINAI
竹刀 |
Sabre composé de 4 lamelles de bambou utilisé en KENDO. | Saber composed of 4 strips of bamboo used in KENDO. |
SHINTŌ
神道 |
Religion nationale du Japon basée sur le culte des ancêtres. | Japan's national religion based on ancestor worship. |
SHISEI
心性 |
Attitude, posture correcte. | Attitude, correct posture. |
SHITE
仕手 |
Celui qui fait la technique (appelé aussi TORI ou NAGE). | Whoever does the technique (also called TORI or NAGE). |
SHIZENTAI
自然体 |
Position naturelle de base. | Basic natural position. |
SHO
初 |
Début. | Start. |
SHODAN
初段 |
Premier DAN (DAN du débutant). | First DAN (beginner's DAN). |
SHŌMEN
正面 |
De face. | Front. |
SHŌMEN UCHI
正面打ち |
Coup direct à la tête. | Direct blow to the head. |
SODE
袖 |
Manche. | Handle. |
SOKUMEN
側面 |
De biais. | Side. |
SOTO
外 |
Extérieur. | Outside. |
SUBURI
素振り |
Exercice individuel de coupes répétitives au Ken. | Individual exercise of repetitive cuts at Ken. |
SUMŌ
相撲 |
Lutte japonaise. | Japanese wrestling. |
SUWARI
座り |
À genoux. | On your knees. |
T[edit | edit source] |
||
TACHI
立ち |
Debout. | Standing. |
TAI
体 |
Le corps. | The body. |
TAI SABAKI | Déplacement du corps (souvent combinaison de "Irimi-tenkan"). | Movement of the body (often combination of "Irimi-tenkan"). |
TAIDŌ
体道 |
La Voie du Corps | The Body Way |
TAIJUTSU
体術 |
Techniques de combat à mains nues. | Hand fighting techniques. |
TAISŌ
体操 |
Gymnastique, éducatif, échauffement. | Gymnastics, educational, warm-up. |
TANBŌ (TAMBŌ)
短棒 |
Bâton court. | Short stick. |
TANTŌ
短刀 |
Couteau. | Knife. |
TANTŌ DORI
短刀取り |
Techniques contre couteau. | Techniques against knife. |
TATAMI
畳 |
Natte épaisse de paille que l'on trouve dans les maisons japonaises et dans les DOJO; par extension le tapis du DOJO. | Thick straw mat found in Japanese houses and DOJOs; by extension the carpet of the DOJO. |
TE
手 |
Main. | Hand. |
TE NO UCHI
手の内 |
Intérieur de la main. | Interior of the hand. |
TEGATANA
手刀 |
Tranchant de la main, la main sabre. | Sharp of the hand, the hand saber. |
TEKUBI
手首 |
Poignet. | Wrist. |
TEN
天 |
Ciel. | Sky. |
TENKAN
転換 |
Déplacement en pivot autour du pied avant. | Pivoting around the front foot. |
TOKONOMA | Lieu où se trouve portrait surélevé de O-SENSEI. | Place where is raised portrait of O-SENSEI. |
TORI
取り |
Celui qui fait la technique. Appelé aussi NAGE ou SHITE. | Whoever does the technique. Also called NAGE or SHITE. |
TSUDE | Manche au niveau du coude. | Sleeve at the elbow. |
TSUGI ASHI
継脚 |
Déplacement en glissant les pieds sans passer une jambe devant l'autre. | Move by sliding your feet without passing one leg in front of the other. |
TSUKI
突き |
Coup direct et de face (poing, sabre ou bâton). | Direct and direct shot (fist, sword or stick). |
U[edit | edit source] |
||
UCHI
内 |
Intérieur. | Interior. |
UCHIDESHI
内弟子 |
Élève se destinant à être professeur et résidant en permanence dans le DOJO pendant son instruction. | Student destined to be a teacher and permanently residing in the DOJO during his training. |
UDE
腕 |
Bras. | Arms. |
UESHIBA MORIHEI
植芝盛平 |
Nom du fondateur de l'Aikido. | Name of the founder of Aikido. |
UKA | Négatif, extérieur, revers, partie cachée. | Negative, outside, backhand, hidden part. |
UKE
受け |
Celui qui attaque et qui chute. | Whoever attacks and who falls. |
UKEMI
受け身 |
Chute. | Fall. |
URA | Négatif, extérieur, revers, dos, face cachée. | Negative, outside, backhand, back, face down. |
USHIRO
後ろ |
Arrière. | Back. |
USHIRO UKEMI
後ろ受け身 |
Chute arrière. | Falling back. |
W[edit | edit source] |
||
WAKA SENSEI
若先生 |
Fils du Maître, littéralement | Son of the Master, literally |
WAZA
技 |
Technique. | Technical. |
Y[edit | edit source] |
||
YARI
槍 |
Lance. | Lance. |
YOKO
横 |
Côté. | Side. |
YOKOMEN
横面 |
Côté de la tête. | Side of the head. |
YONKYO | Quatrième principe d'immobilisation. | Fourth principle of immobilization. |
YUDANSHA | Pratiquant titulaire d'un grade DAN. | Practitioner with a DAN degree. |
YUMI
弓 |
Arc japonais. | Japanese bow. |
Z[edit | edit source] |
||
ZANSHIN | Attitude de contrôle et de vigilance qui suit l'exécution d'une technique. | Attitude of control and vigilance following the execution of a technique. |
ZAREI
座礼 |
Salut à genoux. | Salution on your knees. |
ZŌRI
草履 |
Sandales. | Sandals. |
Source[edit | edit source]
http://amt-budo.blogg.org/lexique-des-arts-martiaux-japonais-a116899184
Other Lessons[edit | edit source]