Difference between revisions of "Language/Japanese/Pronunciation/Alphabet-and-Pronunciation"

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Line 434: Line 434:
|[n], [m], [ŋ],[ɴ], [ɯ̃], [ĩ]
|[n], [m], [ŋ],[ɴ], [ɯ̃], [ĩ]
|n
|n
!ン
!ん
 
ン
|[wa]
|[wa]
|wa
|wa
!ワ
!わ
 
ワ
|[ɾa]
|[ɾa]
|ra
|ra
!ラ
!ら
 
ラ
|[ja]
|[ja]
|ya
|ya
!ヤ
!や
 
ヤ
|[ma]
|[ma]
|ma
|ma
!マ
!ま
 
マ
|[ha], [wa]
|[ha], [wa]
|ha
|ha
!ハ
!は
 
ハ
|[na]
|[na]
|na
|na
!ナ
!な
 
ナ
|[ta]
|[ta]
|ta
|ta
!タ
!た
 
タ
|[sa]
|[sa]
|sa
|sa
!サ
!さ
 
サ
|[ka]
|[ka]
|ka
|ka
!カ
!か
 
カ
|[a]
|[a]
|a
|a
!ア
!あ
 
ア
|-
|-
|
|
Line 477: Line 499:
|[ɾi]
|[ɾi]
|ri
|ri
!リ
!り
 
リ
|
|
|
|
Line 483: Line 507:
|[mi]
|[mi]
|mi
|mi
!ミ
!み
 
ミ
|[çi]
|[çi]
|hi
|hi
!ヒ
!ひ
 
ヒ
|[ɲi]
|[ɲi]
|ni
|ni
!二
!に
 
二
|[t͡ɕi]
|[t͡ɕi]
|chi
|chi
!チ
!ち
 
チ
|[ɕi]
|[ɕi]
|shi
|shi
!シ
!し
 
シ
|[kʲi]
|[kʲi]
|ki
|ki
!キ
!き
 
キ
|[i]
|[i]
|i
|i
!イ
!い
 
イ
|-
|-
|[v(ɯ)]
|[v(ɯ)]
Line 514: Line 552:
|[ɾɯ]
|[ɾɯ]
|ru
|ru
!ル
!る
 
ル
|[jɯ]
|[jɯ]
|yu
|yu
!ユ
!ゆ
 
ユ
|[mɯ]
|[mɯ]
|mu
|mu
!ム
!む
 
ム
|[ɸɯ]
|[ɸɯ]
|fu
|fu
!フ
!ふ
 
フ
|[nɯ]
|[nɯ]
|nu
|nu
!ヌ
!ぬ
 
ヌ
|[t͡sɯ]
|[t͡sɯ]
|tsu
|tsu
!ツ
!つ
 
ツ
|[sɯ]
|[sɯ]
|su
|su
!ス
!す
 
ス
|[kɯ]
|[kɯ]
|ku
|ku
!ク
!く
 
ク
|[ɯ]
|[ɯ]
|u
|u
!ウ
!う
 
ウ
|-
|-
|
|
Line 551: Line 607:
|[ɾe]
|[ɾe]
|re
|re
!レ
!れ
 
レ
|
|
|
|
Line 557: Line 615:
|[me]
|[me]
|me
|me
!メ
!め
 
メ
|[he], [e]
|[he], [e]
|he
|he
!へ
!え
 
へ
|[ne]
|[ne]
|ne
|ne
!ネ
!ね
 
ネ
|[te]
|[te]
|te
|te
!テ
!て
 
テ
|[se]
|[se]
|se
|se
!セ
!せ
 
セ
|[ke]
|[ke]
|ke
|ke
!ケ
!け
 
ケ
|[e]
|[e]
|e
|e
!エ
!え
 
エ
|-
|-
|
|
Line 585: Line 657:
|[(w)o]
|[(w)o]
|wo
|wo
!ヲ
!を
 
ヲ
|[ɾo]
|[ɾo]
|ro
|ro
!ロ
!ろ
 
ロ
|[jo]
|[jo]
|yo
|yo
!ヨ
!よ
 
ヨ
|[mo]
|[mo]
|mo
|mo
!モ
!も
 
モ
|[ho]
|[ho]
|ho
|ho
!ホ
!ほ
 
ホ
|[no]
|[no]
|no
|no
!ノ
!の
 
ノ
|[to]
|[to]
|to
|to
!ト
!と
 
ト
|[so]
|[so]
|so
|so
!ソ
!そ
 
ソ
|[ko]
|[ko]
|ko
|ko
!コ
!こ
 
コ
|[o]
|[o]
|o
|o
!オ
!お
 
オ
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|[pa]
|[pa]
|pa
|pa
!パ
!ぱ
 
パ
|[ba]
|[ba]
|ba
|ba
!バ
!ば
 
バ
|[da]
|[da]
|da
|da
!ダ
!だ
 
ダ
|[za]
|[za]
|za
|za
!ザ
!ざ
 
ザ
|[ɡa]
|[ɡa]
|ga
|ga
!ガ
!が
 
ガ
|-
|-
|[pi]
|[pi]
|pi
|pi
!ピ
!ぴ
 
ピ
|[bi]
|[bi]
|bi
|bi
!ビ
!び
 
ビ
|[(d)ʑi]
|[(d)ʑi]
|dzi
|dzi
!ヂ
!ぢ
 
ヂ
|[(d)ʑi]
|[(d)ʑi]
|ji
|ji
!ジ
!じ
 
ジ
|[ɡʲi]
|[ɡʲi]
|gi
|gi
!ギ
!ぎ
 
ギ
|-
|-
|[pɯ]
|[pɯ]
|pu
|pu
!プ
!ぷ
 
プ
|[bɯ]
|[bɯ]
|bu
|bu
!ブ
!ぶ
 
ブ
|[(d)zɯ]
|[(d)zɯ]
|dzu
|dzu
!ヅ
!づ
 
ヅ
|(d)zɯ]
|(d)zɯ]
|zu
|zu
!ズ
!ず
 
ズ
|[ɡɯ]
|[ɡɯ]
|gu
|gu
!グ
!ぐ
 
グ
|-
|-
|[pe]
|[pe]
|pe
|pe
!ペ
!ぺ
 
ペ
|[be]
|[be]
|be
|be
!ベ
!べ
 
ベ
|[de]
|[de]
|de
|de
!デ
!で
 
デ
|[ze]
|[ze]
|ze
|ze
!ゼ
!ぜ
 
ゼ
|[ɡe]
|[ɡe]
|ge
|ge
!ゲ
!げ
 
ゲ
|-
|-
|[po]
|[po]
|po
|po
!ポ
!ぽ
 
ポ
|[bo]
|[bo]
|bo
|bo
!ボ
!ぼ
 
ボ
|[do]
|[do]
|do
|do
!ド
!ど
 
ド
|[zo]
|[zo]
|zo
|zo
!ゾ
!ぞ
 
ゾ
|[ɡo]
|[ɡo]
|go
|go
!ゴ
!ご
 
ゴ
|}
|}
{| class =" wikitable "
{| class =" wikitable "
Line 699: Line 841:
|[pʲa]
|[pʲa]
|pya
|pya
!ピャ
!ぴゃ
 
ピャ
|[bʲa]
|[bʲa]
|bya
|bya
!ビャ
!びゃ
 
ビャ
|[d͡ʑa]
|[d͡ʑa]
|ja
|ja
!ジャ
!じゃ
 
ジャ
|[ɡʲa]
|[ɡʲa]
|gya
|gya
!ギャ
!ぎゃ
 
ギャ
|[ɾʲa]
|[ɾʲa]
|rya
|rya
!リャ
!りゃ
 
リャ
|[mʲa]
|[mʲa]
|mya
|mya
!ミャ
!みゃ
 
ミャ
|[ça]
|[ça]
|hya
|hya
!ヒャ
!ひゃ
 
ヒャ
|[ɲa]
|[ɲa]
|nya
|nya
!ニャ
!にゃ
 
ニャ
|[t͡ɕa]
|[t͡ɕa]
|cha
|cha
!チャ
!ちゃ
 
チャ
|[ɕa]
|[ɕa]
|sha
|sha
!シャ
!しゃ
 
シャ
|[kʲa]
|[kʲa]
|kya
|kya
!キャ
!きゃ
 
キャ
|-
|-
|[pʲɯ]
|[pʲɯ]
|pyu
|pyu
!ピュ
!ぴゅ
 
ピュ
|[bʲɯ]
|[bʲɯ]
|byu
|byu
!ビュ
!びゅ
 
ビュ
|[d͡ʑɯ]
|[d͡ʑɯ]
|ju
|ju
!ジュ
!じゅ
 
ジュ
|[ɡʲɯ]
|[ɡʲɯ]
|gyu
|gyu
!ギュ
!ぎゅ
 
ギュ
|[ɾʲɯ]
|[ɾʲɯ]
|ryu
|ryu
!リュ
!りゅ
 
リュ
|[mʲɯ]
|[mʲɯ]
|myu
|myu
!ミュ
!みゅ
 
ミュ
|[çɯ]
|[çɯ]
|hyu
|hyu
!ヒュ
!ひゅ
 
ヒュ
|[ɲɯ]
|[ɲɯ]
|nyu
|nyu
!ニュ
!にゅ
 
ニュ
|[t͡ɕɯ]
|[t͡ɕɯ]
|chu
|chu
!チュ
!ちゅ
 
チュ
|[ɕɯ]
|[ɕɯ]
|shu
|shu
!シュ
!しゅ
 
シュ
|[kʲɯ]
|[kʲɯ]
|kyu
|kyu
!キュ
!きゅ
 
キュ
|-
|-
|[pʲo]
|[pʲo]
|pyo
|pyo
!ピョ
!ぴょ
 
ピョ
|[bʲo]
|[bʲo]
|byo
|byo
!ビョ
!びょ
 
ビョ
|[d͡ʑo]
|[d͡ʑo]
|jo
|jo
!ジョ
!じょ
 
ジョ
|[ɡʲo]
|[ɡʲo]
|gyo
|gyo
!ギョ
!ぎょ
 
ギョ
|[ɾʲo]
|[ɾʲo]
|ryo
|ryo
!リョ
!りょ
 
リョ
|[mʲo]
|[mʲo]
|myo
|myo
!ミョ
!みょ
 
ミョ
|[ço]
|[ço]
|hyo
|hyo
!ヒョ
!ひょ
 
ヒョ
|[ɲo]
|[ɲo]
|nyo
|nyo
!ニョ
!にょ
 
ニョ
|[t͡ɕo]
|[t͡ɕo]
|cho
|cho
!チョ
!ちょ
 
チョ
|[ɕo]
|[ɕo]
|sho
|sho
!ショ
!しょ
 
ショ
|[kʲo]
|[kʲo]
|kyo
|kyo
!キョ
!きょ
 
キョ
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
Line 803: Line 1,011:
|[va]
|[va]
|va
|va
!ヴァ
!ゔぁ
 
ヴァ
|-
|-
|[vi]
|[vi]
|vi
|vi
!ヴィ
!ゔぃ
 
ヴィ
|-
|-
|
|
Line 815: Line 1,027:
|[ve]
|[ve]
|ve
|ve
!ヴェ
!ゔぇ
 
ヴェ
|-
|-
|[vo]
|[vo]
|vo
|vo
!ヴォ
!ゔぉ
 
ヴォ
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
Line 825: Line 1,041:
|[di]
|[di]
|di
|di
!ディ
!でぃ
 
ディ
|[ti]
|[ti]
|ti
|ti
!ティ
!てぃ
 
ティ
|}
|}


Revision as of 12:19, 24 May 2020

Japanese-alphabet-pronunciation.png

Japanese language uses three ways to express sounds and writing ː Hiragana, Katakana and Kanji.

There are simple symbols derived from Chinese characters are called "Hiragana" and "Katakana", Chinese characters called Kanji.

Hiragana

Hiragana is the most common. you can find it everywhere, in restaurant, train stations...

[n], [m], [ŋ],[ɴ], [ɯ̃], [ĩ] n ん [wa] wa わ [ɾa] ra ら [ja] ya や [ma] ma ま [ha], [wa] ha は [na] na な [ta] ta た [sa] sa さ [ka] ka か [a] a あ
[ɾi] ri り [mi] mi み [çi] hi ひ [ɲi] ni に [t͡ɕi] chi ち [ɕi] shi し [kʲi] ki き [i] i い
[v(ɯ)] vu/u ゔ [ɾɯ] ru る [jɯ] yu ゆ [mɯ] mu む [ɸɯ] fu ふ [nɯ] nu ぬ [t͡sɯ] tsu つ [sɯ] su す [kɯ] ku く [ɯ] u う
[ɾe] re れ [me] me め [he], [e] he へ [ne] ne ね [te] te て [se] se せ [ke] ke け [e] e え
[(w)o] wo を [ɾo] ro ろ [jo] yo よ [mo] mo も [ho] ho ほ [no] no の [to] to と [so] so そ [ko] ko こ [o] o お
[pa] pa ぱ [ba] ba ば [da] da だ [za] za ざ [ɡa] ga が
[pi] pi ぴ [bi] bi び [(d)ʑi] dzi ぢ [(d)ʑi] ji じ [ɡʲi] gi ぎ
[pɯ] pu ぷ [bɯ] bu ぶ [(d)zɯ] dzu づ [(d)zɯ] zu ず [ɡɯ] gu ぐ
[pe] pe ぺ [be] be べ [de] de で [ze] ze ぜ [ɡe] ge げ
[po] po ぽ [bo] bo ぼ [do] do ど [zo] zo ぞ [ɡo] go ご
Digraph
[pʲa] pya ぴゃ [bʲa] bya びゃ [d͡ʑa] ja じゃ [ɡʲa] gya ぎゃ [ɾʲa] rya りゃ [mʲa] mya みゃ [ça] hya ひゃ [ɲa] nya にゃ [t͡ɕa] cha ちゃ [ɕa] sha しゃ [kʲa] kya きゃ
[pʲɯ] pyu ぴゅ [bʲɯ] byu びゅ [d͡ʑɯ] ju じゅ [ɡʲɯ] gyu ぎゅ [ɾʲɯ] ryu りゅ [mʲɯ] myu みゅ [çɯ] hyu ひゅ [ɲɯ] nyu にゅ [t͡ɕɯ] chu ちゅ [ɕɯ] shu しゅ [kʲɯ] kyu きゅ
[pʲo] pyo ぴょ [bʲo] byo びょ [d͡ʑo] jo じょ [ɡʲo] gyo ぎょ [ɾʲo] ryo りょ [mʲo] myo みょ [ço] hyo ひょ [ɲo] nyo にょ [t͡ɕo] cho ちょ [ɕo] sho しょ [kʲo] kyo きょ
Digraph
[va] va ゔぁ
[vi] vi ゔぃ
[ve] ve ゔぇ
[vo] vo ゔぉ
Digraph
[di] di でぃ [ti] ti てぃ

っ indicates a geminate consonant.

Notes ː

As you can see, for "w" sound, there are only a and o.

Concerning the "y" section, there are only a, u and o.

Also, to form some sounds like z, p or b we have to use some additional symbols to complete basic ones.

゛makes k become g, s become z, t become d, h become b

゜ makes h become p

Katakana

Based on the same concept of hiragana, katakana is especially made to translate foreign names and words

[n], [m], [ŋ],[ɴ], [ɯ̃], [ĩ] n ん

ン

[wa] wa わ

ワ

[ɾa] ra ら

ラ

[ja] ya や

ヤ

[ma] ma ま

マ

[ha], [wa] ha は

ハ

[na] na な

ナ

[ta] ta た

タ

[sa] sa さ

サ

[ka] ka か

カ

[a] a あ

ア

[ɾi] ri り

リ

[mi] mi み

ミ

[çi] hi ひ

ヒ

[ɲi] ni に

二

[t͡ɕi] chi ち

チ

[ɕi] shi し

シ

[kʲi] ki き

キ

[i] i い

イ

[v(ɯ)] vu/u ヴ [ɾɯ] ru る

ル

[jɯ] yu ゆ

ユ

[mɯ] mu む

ム

[ɸɯ] fu ふ

フ

[nɯ] nu ぬ

ヌ

[t͡sɯ] tsu つ

ツ

[sɯ] su す

ス

[kɯ] ku く

ク

[ɯ] u う

ウ

[ɾe] re れ

レ

[me] me め

メ

[he], [e] he え

へ

[ne] ne ね

ネ

[te] te て

テ

[se] se せ

セ

[ke] ke け

ケ

[e] e え

エ

[(w)o] wo を

ヲ

[ɾo] ro ろ

ロ

[jo] yo よ

ヨ

[mo] mo も

モ

[ho] ho ほ

ホ

[no] no の

ノ

[to] to と

ト

[so] so そ

ソ

[ko] ko こ

コ

[o] o お

オ

[pa] pa ぱ

パ

[ba] ba ば

バ

[da] da だ

ダ

[za] za ざ

ザ

[ɡa] ga が

ガ

[pi] pi ぴ

ピ

[bi] bi び

ビ

[(d)ʑi] dzi ぢ

ヂ

[(d)ʑi] ji じ

ジ

[ɡʲi] gi ぎ

ギ

[pɯ] pu ぷ

プ

[bɯ] bu ぶ

ブ

[(d)zɯ] dzu づ

ヅ

(d)zɯ] zu ず

ズ

[ɡɯ] gu ぐ

グ

[pe] pe ぺ

ペ

[be] be べ

ベ

[de] de で

デ

[ze] ze ぜ

ゼ

[ɡe] ge げ

ゲ

[po] po ぽ

ポ

[bo] bo ぼ

ボ

[do] do ど

ド

[zo] zo ぞ

ゾ

[ɡo] go ご

ゴ

Digraph
[pʲa] pya ぴゃ

ピャ

[bʲa] bya びゃ

ビャ

[d͡ʑa] ja じゃ

ジャ

[ɡʲa] gya ぎゃ

ギャ

[ɾʲa] rya りゃ

リャ

[mʲa] mya みゃ

ミャ

[ça] hya ひゃ

ヒャ

[ɲa] nya にゃ

ニャ

[t͡ɕa] cha ちゃ

チャ

[ɕa] sha しゃ

シャ

[kʲa] kya きゃ

キャ

[pʲɯ] pyu ぴゅ

ピュ

[bʲɯ] byu びゅ

ビュ

[d͡ʑɯ] ju じゅ

ジュ

[ɡʲɯ] gyu ぎゅ

ギュ

[ɾʲɯ] ryu りゅ

リュ

[mʲɯ] myu みゅ

ミュ

[çɯ] hyu ひゅ

ヒュ

[ɲɯ] nyu にゅ

ニュ

[t͡ɕɯ] chu ちゅ

チュ

[ɕɯ] shu しゅ

シュ

[kʲɯ] kyu きゅ

キュ

[pʲo] pyo ぴょ

ピョ

[bʲo] byo びょ

ビョ

[d͡ʑo] jo じょ

ジョ

[ɡʲo] gyo ぎょ

ギョ

[ɾʲo] ryo りょ

リョ

[mʲo] myo みょ

ミョ

[ço] hyo ひょ

ヒョ

[ɲo] nyo にょ

ニョ

[t͡ɕo] cho ちょ

チョ

[ɕo] sho しょ

ショ

[kʲo] kyo きょ

キョ

Digraph
[va] va ゔぁ

ヴァ

[vi] vi ゔぃ

ヴィ

[ve] ve ゔぇ

ヴェ

[vo] vo ゔぉ

ヴォ

Digraph
[di] di でぃ

ディ

[ti] ti てぃ

ティ

ッ indicates a geminate consonant.

ー means long vowel.

There is a small difficulty in katakana symbols table due to the very similar looking of some ː ノ、ソ、ン、シ、ツ...＋ゾ、ジ、ヅ。

Kanji

Kanji makes homonyms to be understood more precisely. For example, kami may means god, paper, hair. with kanji, one can express the proper meaning.

Authors

briceJ

Videos

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