Difference between revisions of "Language/Japanese/Pronunciation/Alphabet-and-Pronunciation"
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There are 3 major types of romanization: [[wikipedia:Hepburn_romanization|Hepburn]], [[wikipedia:Kunrei-shiki_romanization|Kunrei-shiki]], [[wikipedia:Nihon-shiki_romanization|Nihon-shiki]]. | There are 3 major types of romanization: [[wikipedia:Hepburn_romanization|Hepburn]], [[wikipedia:Kunrei-shiki_romanization|Kunrei-shiki]], [[wikipedia:Nihon-shiki_romanization|Nihon-shiki]]. | ||
In these charts, the order is top-to-bottom, right-to-left, which is the traditional one. Hiragana are at upper position, Katakana are at lower position. 3 romanization systems are in the order above, separated by a slash. | In these charts, the order is top-to-bottom, right-to-left, which is the traditional one and is still in use. Hiragana are at upper position, Katakana are at lower position. 3 romanization systems are in the order above, separated by a slash. | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+五十音 (gojūon) | |+五十音 (gojūon) |
Revision as of 13:10, 24 May 2020
Japanese language uses three ways to express sounds and writing ː Hiragana, Katakana and Kanji.
There are simple symbols derived from Chinese characters are called "Hiragana" and "Katakana", Chinese characters called Kanji.
Kana
Hiragana is used for common use. Katakana is used for onomatopoeia, emphasizing, foreign names and words.
There are 3 major types of romanization: Hepburn, Kunrei-shiki, Nihon-shiki.
In these charts, the order is top-to-bottom, right-to-left, which is the traditional one and is still in use. Hiragana are at upper position, Katakana are at lower position. 3 romanization systems are in the order above, separated by a slash.
[n], [m], [ŋ],[ɴ], [ɯ̃], [ĩ] | n | ん
ン |
[wa] | wa | わ
ワ |
[ɾa] | ra | ら
ラ |
[ja] | ya | や
ヤ |
[ma] | ma | ま
マ |
[ha], [wa] | ha | は
ハ |
[na] | na | な
ナ |
[ta] | ta | た
タ |
[sa] | sa | さ
サ |
[ka] | ka | か
カ |
[a] | a | あ
ア |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[ɰᵝi], [i] | i/i/wi | ゐ
ヰ |
[ɾi] | ri | り
リ |
[mi] | mi | み
ミ |
[çi] | hi | ひ
ヒ |
[ɲi] | ni | に
二 |
[t͡ɕi] | chi/ti/ti | ち
チ |
[ɕi] | shi/si/si | し
シ |
[kʲi] | ki | き
キ |
[i] | i | い
イ | ||||||
[ɾɯ] | ru | る
ル |
[jɯ] | yu | ゆ
ユ |
[mɯ] | mu | む
ム |
[ɸɯ] | fu/hu/hu | ふ
フ |
[nɯ] | nu | ぬ
ヌ |
[t͡sɯ] | tsu/tu/tu | つ
ツ |
[sɯ] | su | す
ス |
[kɯ] | ku | く
ク |
[ɯ] | u | う
ウ | ||||||
[ɰᵝe̞], [e̞] | e/e/we | ゑ
ヱ |
[ɾe] | re | れ
レ |
[me] | me | め
メ |
[he], [e] | he | へ
へ |
[ne] | ne | ね
ネ |
[te] | te | て
テ |
[se] | se | せ
セ |
[ke] | ke | け
ケ |
[e] | e | え
エ | ||||||
[(w)o] | o/o/wo | を
ヲ |
[ɾo] | ro | ろ
ロ |
[jo] | yo | よ
ヨ |
[mo] | mo | も
モ |
[ho] | ho | ほ
ホ |
[no] | no | の
ノ |
[to] | to | と
ト |
[so] | so | そ
ソ |
[ko] | ko | こ
コ |
[o] | o | お
オ |
[pa] | pa | ぱ
パ |
[ba] | ba | ば
バ |
[da] | da | だ
ダ |
[za] | za | ざ
ザ |
[ɡa] | ga | が
ガ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[pi] | pi | ぴ
ピ |
[bi] | bi | び
ビ |
[(d)ʑi] | ji/zi/di | ぢ
ヂ |
[(d)ʑi] | ji/zi/zi | じ
ジ |
[ɡʲi] | gi | ぎ
ギ |
[pɯ] | pu | ぷ
プ |
[bɯ] | bu | ぶ
ブ |
[(d)zɯ] | zu/zu/du | づ
ヅ |
(d)zɯ] | zu | ず
ズ |
[ɡɯ] | gu | ぐ
グ |
[pe] | pe | ぺ
ペ |
[be] | be | べ
ベ |
[de] | de | で
デ |
[ze] | ze | ぜ
ゼ |
[ɡe] | ge | げ
ゲ |
[po] | po | ぽ
ポ |
[bo] | bo | ぼ
ボ |
[do] | do | ど
ド |
[zo] | zo | ぞ
ゾ |
[ɡo] | go | ご
ゴ |
[pʲa] | pya | ぴゃ
ピャ |
[bʲa] | bya | びゃ
ビャ |
[d͡ʑa] | ja/zya/zya | じゃ
ジャ |
[ɡʲa] | gya | ぎゃ
ギャ |
[ɾʲa] | rya | りゃ
リャ |
[mʲa] | mya | みゃ
ミャ |
[ça] | hya | ひゃ
ヒャ |
[ɲa] | nya | にゃ
ニャ |
[t͡ɕa] | cha/tya/tya | ちゃ
チャ |
[ɕa] | sha/sya/sya | しゃ
シャ |
[kʲa] | kya | きゃ
キャ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[pʲɯ] | pyu | ぴゅ
ピュ |
[bʲɯ] | byu | びゅ
ビュ |
[d͡ʑɯ] | ju/zyu/zyu | じゅ
ジュ |
[ɡʲɯ] | gyu | ぎゅ
ギュ |
[ɾʲɯ] | ryu | りゅ
リュ |
[mʲɯ] | myu | みゅ
ミュ |
[çɯ] | hyu | ひゅ
ヒュ |
[ɲɯ] | nyu | にゅ
ニュ |
[t͡ɕɯ] | chu/tyu/tyu | ちゅ
チュ |
[ɕɯ] | shu/syu/syu | しゅ
シュ |
[kʲɯ] | kyu | きゅ
キュ |
[pʲo] | pyo | ぴょ
ピョ |
[bʲo] | byo | びょ
ビョ |
[d͡ʑo] | jo/zyo/zyo | じょ
ジョ |
[ɡʲo] | gyo | ぎょ
ギョ |
[ɾʲo] | ryo | りょ
リョ |
[mʲo] | myo | みょ
ミョ |
[ço] | hyo | ひょ
ヒョ |
[ɲo] | nyo | にょ
ニョ |
[t͡ɕo] | cho/tyo/tyo | ちょ
チョ |
[ɕo] | sho/syo/syo | しょ
ショ |
[kʲo] | kyo | きょ
キョ |
Notes ː
ゐ/ヰ and ゑ/ヱ are rarely used in modern Japanese. As you can see, for "w" sound, there are only a and o.
Concerning the "y" section, there are only a, u and o.
Also, to form some sounds like z, p or b we have to use some additional symbols to complete basic ones.
゛(dakuten) makes k become g, s become z, t become d, h become b (dakuon).
゜(handakuten) makes h become p (handakuhon).
っ/ッ indicates a geminate consonant.
ー means long vowel in katakana.
There is a small difficulty in katakana symbols table due to the very similar looking of some ː ノ、ソ、ン、シ、ツ...+ゾ、ジ、ヅ。
Extended katakana are not introduced here.
Kanji
Kanji makes homonyms to be understood more precisely. For example, “かみ” can mean god, paper or hair. With kanji 神, 紙 or 髪, one can express the proper meaning.