Difference between revisions of "Language/Hausa/Grammar/Present-Tense"

From Polyglot Club WIKI
< Language‎ | Hausa‎ | Grammar
Jump to navigation Jump to search
 
Line 8: Line 8:
<span link>Consider exploring these related pages after completing this lesson:</span> [[Language/Hausa/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]], [[Language/Hausa/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]], [[Language/Hausa/Grammar/Questions|Questions]] & [[Language/Hausa/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]].  
<span link>Consider exploring these related pages after completing this lesson:</span> [[Language/Hausa/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]], [[Language/Hausa/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]], [[Language/Hausa/Grammar/Questions|Questions]] & [[Language/Hausa/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]].  
== How to Form the Present Tense in Hausa ==
== How to Form the Present Tense in Hausa ==
The present tense in Hausa is formed by adding specific suffixes to the verb stem. The suffixes vary depending on the subject pronoun, so let's start by learning the subject pronouns in Hausa:
The present tense in Hausa is formed by attaching specific prefixes and sometimes suffixes to the verb stem. These prefixes vary depending on the subject pronoun. Below is a list of subject pronouns in Hausa and how to form the present tense for each:


* Ina (I)
* '''Ina''' (I)
* Ka (You - singular)
* '''Ka/Ki''' (You - singular, masculine/feminine)
* Shi (He)
* '''Shi''' (He)
* Tana (She)
* '''Ita''' (She)
* Mun (We)
* '''Mun''' (We)
* Ku (You - plural)
* '''Ku''' (You - plural)
* Su (They)
* '''Su''' (They)


Now let's see how to form the present tense in Hausa for each subject pronoun:
The basic structure for forming the present tense in Hausa involves using a subject pronoun plus the appropriate prefix attached to the verb stem. For certain pronouns, the verb stem itself may slightly change or remain the same.


Was the person who wrote this drunk? "add mu to the verb stem"?? WTF??
Here are the corrected and expanded rules for forming the present tense:


* Ina: Add "na" to the verb stem. For example, "Ina zama" means "I am coming."
* '''Ina''': This indicates "I am" doing an action. For example, "Ina karatu" means "I am reading."
* Ka: Add "ka" to the verb stem. For example, "Ka tafi" means "You are leaving."
* '''Ka''': Used for "You are" (singular, masculine) doing something. For example, "Ka karanta" means "You are reading."
* Shi: Add "a" to the verb stem. For example, "Shi tafi" means "He is leaving."
* '''Ki''': Used for "You are" (singular, feminine) doing something. For example, "Ki karanta" means "You (feminine) are reading."
* Tana: Add "ta" to the verb stem. For example, "Tana gaji" means "She is running."
* '''Shi''': Used for "He is" doing something. For example, "Shi yana karatu" means "He is reading."
* Mun: Add "mu" to the verb stem. For example, "Mun gaji" means "We are running."
* '''Ita''': Used for "She is" doing something. For example, "Ita tana karatu" means "She is reading."
* Ku: Add "ku" to the verb stem. For example, "Ku zama" means "You all are coming."
* '''Mun''': Used for "We are" doing something. For example, "Mun karanta" means "We are reading."
* Su: Add "su" to the verb stem. For example, "Su tafi" means "They are leaving."
* '''Ku''': Used for "You (plural) are" doing something. For example, "Ku karanta" means "You all are reading."
* '''Su''': Used for "They are" doing something. For example, "Su karanta" means "They are reading."


It's important to note that the verb stem doesn't change in the present tense, only the suffix changes depending on the subject pronoun.
It's crucial to understand that in Hausa, verb conjugation can involve both prefixes and suffixes, with some variations depending on dialect and context.


== Practice ==
== Practice ==
Now that we've learned how to form the present tense in Hausa, let's practice using it in sentences:
To practice forming the present tense in Hausa, consider these corrected sentences:


* Ina tafi zuwa sokoto. (I am going to Sokoto.)
* Ina tafiya zuwa Sokoto. (I am going to Sokoto.)
* Ka kawo kuskuren shi. (You bring the food to him.)
* Ka kawo abinci. (You bring the food.)
* Shi ya kashe ita. (He killed her.)
* Shi ya kashe ta. (He killed her.)
* Tana kawo karfi. (She brings the money.)
* Ita tana kawo kudi. (She is bringing money.)
* Mun yi maganar soyayya. (We talk about love.)
* Mun yi magana akan soyayya. (We are talking about love.)
* Ku shiga waje. (You all enter the room.)
* Ku shiga cikin daki. (You all enter the room.)
* Su fita daga hanyar.
* Su fita daga hanya. (They are leaving the road.)


By mastering the present tense in Hausa, you will be able to communicate more effectively and confidently in everyday conversation.
By mastering these conjugations, you will significantly improve your ability to communicate in Hausa.


==Present Tense Conjugation - Examples==
==Present Tense Conjugation - Examples==
Line 52: Line 53:
!'''<big>ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION</big>'''
!'''<big>ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION</big>'''
|-
|-
 
|I read
|I love
|'''<big>Ina karatu</big>'''
|'''<big>Ina so</big>'''
|'''''ih nah kah rah too'''''
|'''''ih nah soh'''''
|-
|You love
|'''<big>kana  so</big>'''
|'''''kah nah soh'''''
|-
|He loves
|'''<big>Yana  so</big>'''
|'''''yah nah soh'''''
|-
|-
|We love
|You (masc.) read
|'''<big>Muna  so</big>'''
|'''<big>Ka karanta</big>'''
|'''''mou nah soh'''''
|'''''kah kah rahn tah'''''
|-
|You love
|'''<big>Kuna  so</big>'''
|'''''kou nah soh'''''
|-
|They love
|'''<big>Suna  so</big>'''
|'''''sou nah soh'''''
|-
|
|'''<big> </big>'''
|
 
|-
|-
|I speak
|You (fem.) read
|'''<big>Ina magana</big>'''
|'''<big>Ki karanta</big>'''
|'''''ih nah mah gah nah'''''
|'''''kee kah rahn tah'''''
|-
|-
|You speak
|He reads
|'''<big>kana  magana</big>'''
|'''<big>Shi yana karatu</big>'''
|'''''kah nah mah gah nah'''''
|'''''shee yah nah kah rah too'''''
|-
|-
|He speaks
|She reads
|'''<big>Yana  magana</big>'''
|'''<big>Ita tana karatu</big>'''
|'''''yah nah mah gah nah'''''
|'''''ee tah tah nah kah rah too'''''
|-
|-
|We speak
|We read
|'''<big>Muna  magana</big>'''
|'''<big>Mun karanta</big>'''
|'''''mou nah mah gah  nah'''''
|'''''moon kah rahn tah'''''
|-
|-
|You speak
|You (pl.) read
|'''<big>Kuna  magana</big>'''
|'''<big>Ku karanta</big>'''
|'''''kou nah mah gah nah'''''
|'''''koo kah rahn tah'''''
|-
|-
|They speak
|They read
|'''<big>Suna  magana</big>'''
|'''<big>Su karanta</big>'''
|'''''sou nah mah gah nah'''''  
|'''''soo kah rahn tah'''''
 
|-
|-
|
|I write
|'''<big> </big>'''
|'''<big>Ina rubutu</big>'''
|
|'''''ih nah roo boo too'''''
|-
|-
|I sleep
|You (masc.) write
|'''<big>Ina barci</big>'''
|'''<big>Ka rubuta</big>'''
|'''''ih nah bahr chih'''''
|'''''kah roo boo tah'''''
|-
|-
|You sleep
|You (fem.) write
|'''<big>kana  barci</big>'''
|'''<big>Ki rubuta</big>'''
|'''''kah nah bahr chih'''''
|'''''kee roo boo tah'''''
|-
|-
|He sleeps
|He writes
|'''<big>Yana  barci</big>'''
|'''<big>Shi yana rubutu</big>'''
|'''''yah nah bahr chih'''''
|'''''shee yah nah roo boo too'''''
|-
|-
|We sleep
|She writes
|'''<big>Muna  barci</big>'''
|'''<big>Ita tana rubutu</big>'''
|'''''mou nah bahr  chih'''''
|'''''ee tah tah nah roo boo too'''''
|-
|-
|You sleep
|We write
|'''<big>Kuna  barci</big>'''
|'''<big>Mun rubuta</big>'''
|'''''kou nah bahr chih'''''
|'''''moon roo boo tah'''''
|-
|-
|They sleep
|You (pl.) write
|'''<big>Suna  barci</big>'''
|'''<big>Ku rubuta</big>'''
|'''''sou nah bahr chih'''''  
|'''''koo roo boo tah'''''
 
|-
|-
|
|They write
|'''<big> </big>'''
|'''<big>Su rubuta</big>'''
|
|'''''soo roo boo tah'''''
|-
|-
|I eat
|I eat
|'''<big>Ina ci</big>'''
|'''<big>Ina ci</big>'''
|'''''ih nah chih'''''
|'''''ih nah chee'''''
|-
|You (masc.) eat
|'''<big>Ka ci</big>'''
|'''''kah chee'''''
|-
|-
|You eat
|You (fem.) eat
|'''<big>kana  ci</big>'''
|'''<big>Ki ci</big>'''
|'''''kah nah chih'''''
|'''''kee chee'''''
|-
|-
|He eats
|He eats
|'''<big>Yana  ci</big>'''
|'''<big>Shi yana ci</big>'''
|'''''yah nah chih'''''
|'''''shee yah nah chee'''''
|-
|She eats
|'''<big>Ita tana ci</big>'''
|'''''ee tah tah nah chee'''''
|-
|-
|We eat
|We eat
|'''<big>Muna  ci</big>'''
|'''<big>Mun ci</big>'''
|'''''mou nah chih'''''
|'''''moon chee'''''
|-
|-
|You eat
|You (pl.) eat
|'''<big>Kuna  ci</big>'''
|'''<big>Ku ci</big>'''
|'''''kou nah chih'''''
|'''''koo chee'''''
|-
|-
|They eat
|They eat
|'''<big>Suna  ci</big>'''
|'''<big>Su ci</big>'''
|'''''sou nah chih'''''  
|'''''soo chee'''''
|}
|}


==Other Lessons==
==Other Lessons==

Latest revision as of 19:53, 11 February 2024

Present Tense in Hausa

Hello Everyone, 😊

In today’s lesson we are going to study the following topic: ”PRESENT TENSE” in Hausa.

Please feel free to edit this page if you think it can be improved!

Consider exploring these related pages after completing this lesson: Future Tense, Conditional Mood, Questions & Adjectives.

How to Form the Present Tense in Hausa[edit | edit source]

The present tense in Hausa is formed by attaching specific prefixes and sometimes suffixes to the verb stem. These prefixes vary depending on the subject pronoun. Below is a list of subject pronouns in Hausa and how to form the present tense for each:

  • Ina (I)
  • Ka/Ki (You - singular, masculine/feminine)
  • Shi (He)
  • Ita (She)
  • Mun (We)
  • Ku (You - plural)
  • Su (They)

The basic structure for forming the present tense in Hausa involves using a subject pronoun plus the appropriate prefix attached to the verb stem. For certain pronouns, the verb stem itself may slightly change or remain the same.

Here are the corrected and expanded rules for forming the present tense:

  • Ina: This indicates "I am" doing an action. For example, "Ina karatu" means "I am reading."
  • Ka: Used for "You are" (singular, masculine) doing something. For example, "Ka karanta" means "You are reading."
  • Ki: Used for "You are" (singular, feminine) doing something. For example, "Ki karanta" means "You (feminine) are reading."
  • Shi: Used for "He is" doing something. For example, "Shi yana karatu" means "He is reading."
  • Ita: Used for "She is" doing something. For example, "Ita tana karatu" means "She is reading."
  • Mun: Used for "We are" doing something. For example, "Mun karanta" means "We are reading."
  • Ku: Used for "You (plural) are" doing something. For example, "Ku karanta" means "You all are reading."
  • Su: Used for "They are" doing something. For example, "Su karanta" means "They are reading."

It's crucial to understand that in Hausa, verb conjugation can involve both prefixes and suffixes, with some variations depending on dialect and context.

Practice[edit | edit source]

To practice forming the present tense in Hausa, consider these corrected sentences:

  • Ina tafiya zuwa Sokoto. (I am going to Sokoto.)
  • Ka kawo abinci. (You bring the food.)
  • Shi ya kashe ta. (He killed her.)
  • Ita tana kawo kudi. (She is bringing money.)
  • Mun yi magana akan soyayya. (We are talking about love.)
  • Ku shiga cikin daki. (You all enter the room.)
  • Su fita daga hanya. (They are leaving the road.)

By mastering these conjugations, you will significantly improve your ability to communicate in Hausa.

Present Tense Conjugation - Examples[edit | edit source]

ENGLISH HAUSA ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION
I read Ina karatu ih nah kah rah too
You (masc.) read Ka karanta kah kah rahn tah
You (fem.) read Ki karanta kee kah rahn tah
He reads Shi yana karatu shee yah nah kah rah too
She reads Ita tana karatu ee tah tah nah kah rah too
We read Mun karanta moon kah rahn tah
You (pl.) read Ku karanta koo kah rahn tah
They read Su karanta soo kah rahn tah
I write Ina rubutu ih nah roo boo too
You (masc.) write Ka rubuta kah roo boo tah
You (fem.) write Ki rubuta kee roo boo tah
He writes Shi yana rubutu shee yah nah roo boo too
She writes Ita tana rubutu ee tah tah nah roo boo too
We write Mun rubuta moon roo boo tah
You (pl.) write Ku rubuta koo roo boo tah
They write Su rubuta soo roo boo tah
I eat Ina ci ih nah chee
You (masc.) eat Ka ci kah chee
You (fem.) eat Ki ci kee chee
He eats Shi yana ci shee yah nah chee
She eats Ita tana ci ee tah tah nah chee
We eat Mun ci moon chee
You (pl.) eat Ku ci koo chee
They eat Su ci soo chee



Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

Retrieved from "https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/Hausa/Grammar/Present-Tense&oldid=290957"