Editing Language/French/Grammar/Questions

[[File:learn_french_questions.jpg|thumb]] 
In this article we will discover how to ask a question in French. Feel free to directly edit this page if you think it can be improved.

In French, there are several ways of asking a question, each with its own particularities, according to the "level of language" we use.

==Interrogative structures==

There are 4 types of interrogative structures: 

#direct questioning
#reverse questioning
#questioning with "Est-ce que"
#direct question with particle at the end 

===Direct questioning===

This is done simply by intonation, taking an affirmative phrase, and placing the end the question mark: "?"

*Vous avez une chambre → Vous avez une chambre ? (You have a room → Do you have a room?)

This form is normally used in the familiar language.

===Reverse questioning===

This type of questioning is made by inverting the subject and verb.
It is generally used in formal language.

*Vous avez une chambre →  Avez-vous une chambre? (You have a room → Do you have a room?) 

For phrasal verbs, the order of the subject is inverted with the auxiliary.

*Tu as mangé des escargots. → As-tu mangé des escargots ? (You've eaten snails → Have you eaten your snails?)


We must consider 3 rules:

1) To make the inversion, it always puts a hyphen between the personal pronoun and the verb.

2) In the 3rd person of singular, with "il", "elle", "on" (pronouns, starting with a vowel), if the verb ends in a vowel, we add a "-t" between verb and pronoun to make the pronunciation easier.

*Il parle français → Parle-t-il français ? (He speaks French → Does he speak French?)

3) If the question does not begin with a personal pronoun, start with the subjet, the verb and the pronoun like in the example below:

*Cette femme dit la vérité →  Cette femme dit-elle la vérité ? (The woman tells the truth → Does this woman tell the truth?)

===Questioning with "Est-ce que" ===

To avoid inversion, we mainly use, in French, interrogation with "est-ce que", which is the most common form.

*Vous avez une chambre → Est-ce que vous avez une chambre ?
*Tu as mangé des escargots. → Est-ce que tu as mangé des escargots ? 
*Il parle français → Est-ce qu’il parle français ?

The form "est-ce que" does not actually mean anything. It only serves to indicate that we are asking a question. 

The structure, therefore is:
<pre>"EST-CE QUE/QU’" + Subject + Verb  + Complement + "?"</pre>

This type of question is used in all situations. It is considered proper and formal. We must ALWAYS USE IT.

=== Direct question with particle at the end ===


In the affirmative sentence, it is only of special that we will put the interrogative particle at the end of the sentence, and not at the beginning, as we will see later in dealing with interrogative particles:

Place the particle at the end of the affirmative sentence :
*Tu pars en vacances QUAND ? (When do you go on vacation?)

This form is normally used in the familiar language.

==Interrogative particles==

Before moving to see the latest type of question, we will see different question words we can use to be more precise in our questions. These particles are placed in front of the phrase, regardless of the type of question used.

Here is an example with the particle "OÙ" (where)

*OÙ tu passes tes vacances ?
*Tu passes tes vacances OÙ ?
*OÙ passes-tu tes vacances ?
*OÙ est-ce que tu passes tes vacances ?
(Where do you spend your vacation?)

Interrogative particle + Interrogative phrase + "?"

The different interrogative particles are:
 
===Qui===
To inquire about a person (who?)
 
*Qui vient ce soir ?
*Qui est-ce qui vient ce soir ? 
(Who is coming tonight?)
 
===Que===

To inquire about a thing (what?)

*'''Que''' manges-tu ?
*'''Qu'''’est-ce que tu manges ?
(What are you eating?)
 
NB: the particle becomes '''QUOI''' at the end of sentence and before preposition
*De '''quoi''' est-ce que tu parles ?.
*Tu dis '''quoi''' ?
(What are you saying?)

===Où===
To inquire about a place (where?)

*'''Où''' allez-vous ?
*'''Où''' est-ce que vous allez ?
(Where are you going?)
 
And also. "from where" : D’'''où''' ?

===Quand===
To inquire about TIME (when?) 
*'''Quand''' arrivent-ils ?
*'''Quand''' est-ce qu’ils arrivent ?
(When do they arrive?)

===Comment===

To inquire about how to do something (how?) 

*'''Comment''' vas-tu ?
*'''Comment''' est-ce que tu vas ?
(How are you doing?)

===Combien===
To inquire about the quantity (how much?) 
*Combien as-tu payé ?
*Combien est-ce que tu as payé ?  
(How much did you pay?)

*Combien de fois est-tu allé voir ce concert ? (How many times did you go to this concert?)

*Combien d’heures faut-il pour aller à Paris ? (How many hours does it take to go to Paris?)

===Pourquoi===
To inquire about the reason for something (why?) 
*'''Pourquoi''' êtes-vous ici ?
*'''Pourquoi''' est-ce que vous êtes ici ?
(Why are you here?)
==INTERROGATIVE WORDS & ADJECTIVES==
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="3" |INTERROGATIVE WORDS
|-
|'''WE ASK ABOUT'''
|'''WORD'''
|'''EXAMPLES'''
|-
|Place
|'''OÙ / WHERE'''
|
* Tu vas où ? / Où tu vas ? / Où est-ce que tu vas ? / Où vas-tu ?
''Where are you going ?''
|-
|Time
|'''QUAND / WHEN'''
|
* Quand vous partez ? / Vous partez quand ? / Quand est-ce que vous partez ? / Quand partez-vous ?
''When are you leaving?''
|-
|How
|'''COMMENT / HOW'''
|
* Comment il s’appelle ? / Il s’appelle comment ? / Comment est-ce qu’il s’appelle ? / Comment s’appelle-t-il ?
''What's his name?''
|-
|Cause
|'''POURQUOI / WHY'''
|
* Pourquoi tu viens ? / tu viens pourquoi ? / Pourquoi est-ce que tu viens ? / Pourquoi viens-tu ?
''Why do you come?''
|-
|Quantity
|'''COMBIEN / HOW MUCH'''
|
* Combien tu veux ? / Tu veux combien ? / Combien est-ce que tu veux ? / Combien veux-tu ?
''How much do you want?''
|-
|Person
|'''QUI / WHO'''
|
* Tu invites qui ? / Qui tu invites ? / Qui est-ce que tu invites ? / Qui invites-tu? 
''Who do you invite?''
|-
|Object
|'''QUE – QUOI / WHAT'''
|
* Vous étudiez quoi ? / Qu’est-ce que vous étudiez ? / Qu’étudiez-vous ?
''What do you study?''
|-
|Aim
|'''POURQUOI / WHY'''
|
* Pourquoi il n’est pas content ? / Il n’est pas content pourquoi ? / Pourquoi est-ce qu’il n’est pas content ? / Pourquoi n’est-il pas content ?
''Why insn't he happy?''
|-
! colspan="3" |INTERROGATIVE ADJECTIVES
|-
! colspan="2" |'''QUEL – QUELLE – QUELS – QUELLES'''
|
* Quel cadeau tu préféres ? / Quelle glace tu aimes ? / Quels livres tu préfères ? / Quelles villes tu aimes ?
''What present do you prefer? / What icecream do you like? / What books do you prefer?/ What cities to you like?''
|}

==VIDEOS==
<youtube>o0tgXagvolU</youtube>

{{#seo:
	|title=How to ask a question in French?
	|keywords=quel, comment, ou, pourquoi,est-ce que, qui
	|description=This lesson will teach you how to ask a question in French.
        |og:image=https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/images/2/20/Learn_french_questions.jpg
}}
[[Category: French/Beginner]]
[[Category: French/Grammar]]

==Related Lessons==
* [[Language/French/Grammar/Punctuation|Punctuation]]
* [[Language/French/Grammar/Meaning-of-tout-à-l'heure|Meaning of tout à l'heure]]
* [[Language/French/Grammar/Changes-in-the-stem-form-of-some-—er-conjugation-verbs|Changes in the stem form of some —er conjugation verbs]]
* [[Language/French/Grammar/Function-of-adverbs|Function of adverbs]]
* [[Language/French/Grammar/Use-of-the-definite-article-with-titles|Use of the definite article with titles]]
* [[Language/French/Grammar/Talk-about-Prices|Talk about Prices]]
* [[Language/French/Grammar/Plurals-of-nouns-ending-in-–ou|Plurals of nouns ending in –ou]]
* [[Language/French/Grammar/Use-of-y|Use of y]]
* [[Language/French/Grammar/Adjective—adjective_compounds|Adjective—adjective compounds]]
* [[Language/French/Grammar/Differences-in-the-use-of-numbers-in-French-and-English-Ordinal-number-abbreviations|Differences in the use of numbers in French and English Ordinal number abbreviations]]