Difference between revisions of "Language/French/Grammar/Omission-of-the-article-after-sans,-avec,-en,-sur,-sous,-par,-ni"

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<div style="font-size:300%"> French Grammar – Omission of the article after sans, avec, en, sur, sous, par, ni ... ni</div>
<div style="font-size:300%"> French Grammar – Omission of the article after sans, avec, en, sur, sous, par, ni ... ni</div>
The article is frequently omitted when a noun alone follows sans, avec, en, sur, sous, par, or two nouns alone appear in the expression ni . . . ni:
The article is frequently omitted when a noun alone follows sans, avec, en, sur, sous, par, or two nouns alone appear in the expression ni . . . ni:
Tab1
 
{| class="wikitable"
|French
|English
|-
|sans arrêt 
|continuously
|-
|sans  difficulté 
|without difficulty
|-
|sans délai 
|without delay
|-
|sans sucre 
|without sugar
|-
|sans  manche 
|with no handle
|-
|avec  patience 
|with patience
|-
|avec  difficulté 
|with difficulty
|-
|en colère 
|angry
|-
|en guerre 
|at war
|-
|en  réparation 
|being repaired
|-
|en théorie 
|in theory
|-
|en  marbre 
|in marble
|-
|sur commande 
|by order
|-
|sous  verre 
|under glass
|-
|sous  pression 
|under pressure
|-
|deux fois par semaine 
|twice a week
|-
|par pitié 
|out of pity
|-
|Il ne portait ni chapeau 
|He was wearing neither a hat
|-
|ni cravate 
|nor a tie
|}




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Tab2
 
{| class="wikitable"
|French
|English
|-
|sans la moindre difficulté 
|without the least difficulty
|-
|sans même le plus petit retard 
|without even the slightest delay
|-
|avec une patience admirable 
|with admirable patience
|-
|sous la pression du  gouvernement 
|under pressure from the government
|}


NB: en cannot normally co-occur with an article. When an article is required, the preposition changes to dans:
NB: en cannot normally co-occur with an article. When an article is required, the preposition changes to dans:


Tab3
{| class="wikitable"
|en théorie 
|BUT 
|dans la théorie  d'Einstein
|-
|in theory 
|
|in Einstein's theory
|-
|en pratique 
|BUT 
|dans la pratique
|-
|in  practice 
|
|in practice
|}

Revision as of 20:36, 15 October 2021

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French Grammar – Omission of the article after sans, avec, en, sur, sous, par, ni ... ni

The article is frequently omitted when a noun alone follows sans, avec, en, sur, sous, par, or two nouns alone appear in the expression ni . . . ni:

French English
sans arrêt  continuously
sans difficulté  without difficulty
sans délai  without delay
sans sucre  without sugar
sans manche  with no handle
avec patience  with patience
avec difficulté  with difficulty
en colère  angry
en guerre  at war
en réparation  being repaired
en théorie  in theory
en marbre  in marble
sur commande  by order
sous verre  under glass
sous pression  under pressure
deux fois par semaine  twice a week
par pitié  out of pity
Il ne portait ni chapeau  He was wearing neither a hat
ni cravate  nor a tie


But if the noun is modified (for example by an adjective) the article is not omitted:


French English
sans la moindre difficulté  without the least difficulty
sans même le plus petit retard  without even the slightest delay
avec une patience admirable  with admirable patience
sous la pression du gouvernement  under pressure from the government

NB: en cannot normally co-occur with an article. When an article is required, the preposition changes to dans:

en théorie  BUT  dans la théorie d'Einstein
in theory  in Einstein's theory
en pratique  BUT  dans la pratique
in practice  in practice