Language/Czech/Grammar/Inclusive-Case-in-Czech

Czech Grammar - Inclusive Case

Hi Czech learners! 😊
In today's lesson, we will be exploring the Inclusive Case in Czech grammar. The Inclusive Case is one of the seven cases in Czech and is used to express inclusion or participation of multiple people or things.

What is the Inclusive Case?

The Inclusive Case is used to express inclusion or participation of multiple people or things. It is used when we want to talk about a group of people or things that are somehow involved in an action or a state.

In English, we use phrases like "with me," "with us," or "including you" to express the same idea. In Czech, the Inclusive Case is formed by adding specific endings to nouns and adjectives.

When is the Inclusive Case used?

The Inclusive Case is used in the following situations:

• When we want to express that multiple people or things are involved in an action or a state.
• In certain fixed expressions and idioms.

How to Form the Inclusive Case

The Inclusive Case is formed by adding specific endings to nouns and adjectives. The endings differ depending on the gender and number of the noun or adjective.

Here are the general rules:

Masculine Nouns

To form the Inclusive Case of masculine nouns, add the following endings to the nominative form of the noun:

• Singular: -em
• Plural: -y

Here are some examples:

• Otec (father) → S otcem (with the father)
• Bratr (brother) → S bratry (with the brothers)

Feminine Nouns

To form the Inclusive Case of feminine nouns, add the following endings to the nominative form of the noun:

• Singular: -ou
• Plural: -ami

Here are some examples:

• Matka (mother) → S matkou (with the mother)
• Sestra (sister) → Se sestrami (with the sisters)

Neuter Nouns

To form the Inclusive Case of neuter nouns, add the following endings to the nominative form of the noun:

• Singular: -em
• Plural: -y

Here are some examples:

• Město (city) → S městem (with the city)
• Kuře (chicken) → Se kuřaty (with the chickens)

Adjectives

To form the Inclusive Case of adjectives, add the following endings to the nominative form of the adjective:

• Singular: -ým
• Plural: -ými

Here are some examples:

• Spokojený (satisfied) → S spokojeným (with the satisfied person)
• Veselý (happy) → Se veselými (with the happy people)

Conclusion

The Inclusive Case is an important part of Czech grammar that helps us express inclusion or participation of multiple people or things. By mastering the rules for forming the Inclusive Case, you will be able to speak and write more accurately and effectively in Czech.

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Other Examples

Czech	English
KÁVA S CUKREM	COFFEE WITH SUGAR
VODA S LEDEM	WATER WITH ICE
KÁVA S MLÉKEM	COFFEE WITH MILK