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<div class="pg_page_title">Bulgarian Grammar → Nouns and Adjectives → Gender</div> | |||
__TOC__ | __TOC__ | ||
== Introduction == | ==Introduction== | ||
<p>In Bulgarian, nouns have gender, which makes the language quite different from English. Determining the gender of a noun is important, as it will affect the form of the article, adjective, and pronouns that modify the noun. Learning the gender of nouns is often one of the biggest challenges for learners of Bulgarian. However, with a bit of practice and effort, it can be mastered.</p> | |||
<span link>Take some time to dive into these other pages after completing this lesson: [[Language/Bulgarian/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]] & [[Language/Bulgarian/Grammar/Negation|Negation]].</span> | |||
==Gender in Bulgarian== | |||
<p>Bulgarian has three genders: masculine, feminine, and neuter. In general, gender is arbitrary, and there are no clear rules. However, there are some general patterns based on the ending of the noun. </p> | |||
<p> Here are some guidelines: </p> | |||
<ul> | |||
<li>Most nouns ending in -а are feminine. Example: <em>книга</em> (book)</li> | |||
<li>Most nouns ending in -ът, -ят, -ятa are masculine. Example: <em>стол</em> (chair)</li> | |||
<li>Most nouns ending in -е, -о are neuter. Example: <em>мляко</em> (milk)</li> | |||
</ul> | |||
<p>However, these are not hard and fast rules, and you will find many exceptions to them. Therefore, it is important to learn the gender of each noun as you encounter it. Over time, you will start to pick up patterns and be able to guess at the gender of new words. </p> | |||
== | ==Definite and Indefinite articles== | ||
In Bulgarian | <p>In Bulgarian, the gender of the noun determines the form of the definite and indefinite articles.</p> | ||
<p>The indefinite articles are:</p> | |||
<table class="wikitable"> | |||
<tr> | |||
<th>Bulgarian</th> | |||
<th>Pronunciation</th> | |||
<th>English Translation</th> | |||
</tr> | |||
<tr> | |||
<td>един</td> | |||
<td>eh-din</td> | |||
<td>a/an (masculine)</td> | |||
</tr> | |||
<tr> | |||
<td>една</td> | |||
<td>eh-dna</td> | |||
<td>a/an (feminine)</td> | |||
</tr> | |||
<tr> | |||
<td>едно</td> | |||
<td>eh-dno</td> | |||
<td>a/an (neuter)</td> | |||
</tr> | |||
</table> | |||
<p>The definite articles are:</p> | |||
<table class="wikitable"> | |||
<tr> | |||
<th>Bulgarian</th> | |||
<th>Pronunciation</th> | |||
<th>English Translation</th> | |||
</tr> | |||
<tr> | |||
<td>мъжкият</td> | |||
<td>muh-zhki-yat</td> | |||
<td>the (masculine)</td> | |||
</tr> | |||
<tr> | |||
<td>женският</td> | |||
<td>zhen-ski-yat</td> | |||
<td>the (feminine)</td> | |||
</tr> | |||
<tr> | |||
<td>средният</td> | |||
<td>sred-ni-yat</td> | |||
<td>the (neuter)</td> | |||
</tr> | |||
</table> | |||
== | ==Adjectives== | ||
<p>Adjectives in Bulgarian agree in gender, number, and case with the noun they modify. </p> | |||
<p>For example, if you want to say "the red apple" in Bulgarian, you need to use the masculine singular accusative form of the adjective "red":</p> | |||
<p><em>червен</em> (red) -> <em>червената</em> (the red) </p> | |||
<p>Here are some other examples of adjectives agreeing with the gender of the nouns:</p> | |||
<table class="wikitable"> | |||
<tr> | |||
<th>Noun</th> | |||
<th>Adjective</th> | |||
<th>Bulgarian (feminine)</th> | |||
<th>Bulgarian (masculine)</th> | |||
<th>Bulgarian (neuter)</th> | |||
</tr> | |||
<tr> | |||
<td>book</td> | |||
<td>interesting</td> | |||
<td>интересна</td> | |||
<td>интересен</td> | |||
<td>интересно</td> | |||
</tr> | |||
<tr> | |||
<td>car</td> | |||
<td>fast</td> | |||
<td>бърза</td> | |||
<td>бърз</td> | |||
<td>бързо</td> | |||
</tr> | |||
<tr> | |||
<td>house</td> | |||
<td>big</td> | |||
<td>голяма</td> | |||
<td>голям</td> | |||
<td>голямо</td> | |||
</tr> | |||
</table> | |||
==Pronouns== | |||
<p>Pronouns in Bulgarian also agree in gender with the noun they replace. </p> | |||
<p>For example, the pronoun "he" is <em>той</em> in Bulgarian, while "she" is <em>тя</em>.</p> | |||
<p>Here are some other examples:</p> | |||
<table class="wikitable"> | |||
<tr> | |||
<th>English</th> | |||
<th>Bulgarian (feminine)</th> | |||
<th>Bulgarian (masculine)</th> | |||
<th>Bulgarian (neuter)</th> | |||
</tr> | |||
<tr> | |||
<td>she</td> | |||
<td>тя</td> | |||
<td>той</td> | |||
<td>то</td> | |||
</tr> | |||
<tr> | |||
<td>her</td> | |||
<td>нея</td> | |||
<td>него</td> | |||
<td>то</td> | |||
</tr> | |||
<tr> | |||
<td>herself/himself</td> | |||
<td>себе си</td> | |||
<td>себе си</td> | |||
<td>себе си</td> | |||
</tr> | |||
</table> | |||
== Practice | ==Practice== | ||
<p>One of the best ways to learn the gender of nouns in Bulgarian is to practice. </p> | |||
<p> Start by writing down some nouns and their genders, then practice using them in sentences with the appropriate articles, adjectives, and pronouns. </p> | |||
<p>Here are some nouns to get you started:</p> | |||
<ul> | |||
<li>слон (elephant) - masculine</li> | |||
<li>маса (table) - feminine</li> | |||
<li>болница (hospital) - feminine</li> | |||
<li>момче (boy) - neuter</li> | |||
</ul> | |||
==Conclusion== | |||
<p>Learning the gender of nouns in Bulgarian can be a challenge, but it is an essential part of mastering the language. With practice and effort, you can become more comfortable with the gender of nouns, and start to incorporate them into your speech and writing. </p> | |||
== | == Sources == | ||
<ul> | |||
<li> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarian_grammar#Nouns">Bulgarian grammar</a></li> | |||
<li> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarian_language">Bulgarian language</a></li> | |||
</ul> | |||
<span link>Excellent job on conquering this lesson! Consider delving into these related pages: [[Language/Bulgarian/Grammar/PRESENT-SIMPLE-TENSE-–-Сегашно-време|PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE – Сегашно време]] & [[Language/Bulgarian/Grammar/GENDER-OF-NOUNS-–-Род-на-съществителните|GENDER OF NOUNS – Род на съществителните]].</span> | |||
{{#seo: | {{#seo: | ||
|title=Bulgarian Grammar | |title=Bulgarian Grammar: Nouns and Adjectives Gender | Learn Bulgarian Online | ||
|keywords= | |keywords=bulgarian, grammar, nouns, adjectives, gender, articles, pronouns | ||
|description=In this lesson | |description=In this Bulgarian lesson for beginners you will learn how to identify the gender of Bulgarian nouns and use the appropriate articles, adjectives, and pronouns. | ||
}} | }} | ||
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[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]] | [[Category:0-to-A1-Course]] | ||
[[Category:Bulgarian-0-to-A1-Course]] | [[Category:Bulgarian-0-to-A1-Course]] | ||
==Videos== | ==Videos== | ||
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===Genders and Articles in Bulgarian - YouTube=== | ===Genders and Articles in Bulgarian - YouTube=== | ||
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sH2FKbhO5d0</youtube> | <youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sH2FKbhO5d0</youtube> | ||
==Other Lessons== | ==Other Lessons== | ||
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* [[Language/Bulgarian/Grammar/Comparatives-and-Superlatives|Comparatives and Superlatives]] | * [[Language/Bulgarian/Grammar/Comparatives-and-Superlatives|Comparatives and Superlatives]] | ||
<span class='maj'></span> | |||
==Sources== | |||
* [https://lingvo.info/en/lingvopedia/bulgarian Bulgarian / Lingvopedia :: lingvo.info] | |||
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarian_grammar Bulgarian grammar - Wikipedia] | |||
* [https://www.lingvozone.com/Bulgarian Bulgarian Language Information - Bulgarian alphabet, Bulgarian ...] | |||
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarian_nouns Bulgarian nouns - Wikipedia] | |||
{{Bulgarian-Page-Bottom}} | {{Bulgarian-Page-Bottom}} | ||
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