Language/Bashkir/Pronunciation/Alphabet-and-Pronunciation
Once you've tackled this lesson, take some time to dive into these complementary subjects: How to Use "Have", Food.
Vowels[edit | edit source]
Bashkort has nine native vowel phonemes, i.e., sounds that differentiate word meaning. Two additional vowel phonemes occur only in loanwords. There is a contrast between unrounded and rounded front and back vowels. Rounded vowels are produced with rounded protruding lips. All mid vowels in the language are reduced. All word-initial vowels are preceded by a glottal stop /ʔ/, i.e., a glottal catch that occurs in English in such words as uh-oh. There is no standardized system for transliterating Bashkir using the Latin alphabet.
Front | Back | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Unrounded | Rounded | Unrounded | Rounded | |
Close | i | y | ɯ | u |
Close-mid | e | ø | o | |
Open | æ | a |
- /i/ = ee in beet
- /e/ = e in bait
- /y/ = second vowel in statue
- /ø/ has no equivalent in English
- /æ/ = a in bat
- /ɯ/ has no equivalent in English
- /u/ = oo in boot
- /o/ = o in bow
Consonants[edit | edit source]
Bashkort has 28 consonant phonemes, i.e., sounds that differentiate word meaning. Some of them occur exclusively in Russian loanwords.
Bilabial | Labiodental | Interdental | Dental | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stops | voiceless | p | t | k | q | ʔ | |||||
voiced | b | d | g | ||||||||
Fricatives | voiceless | f | θ | s | ʃ | x | h | ||||
voiced | v | ð | z | ʒ | ɣ | ||||||
Affricates | voiceless | (ts) | tʃ | ||||||||
voiced | |||||||||||
Nasals | m | n | ŋ | ||||||||
Tap | ɾ | ||||||||||
Lateral | l | ||||||||||
Approximant | w | z | z | j | z | z |
- /q/ has no equivalent in English
- /ʔ/ = glottal catch between syllables in uh-oh
- /x, ɣ/ have no equivalents in English
- /θ/ = th in thin
- /ð/ = th in those
- /ʃ/ = sh in shop
- /ʒ/ = s in measure
- /tʃ/ = ch in chop
- /ŋ/ = ng in song
- /j/ = y in yet
- /j̃/ has no equivalent in English
Stress[edit | edit source]
Stress in Bashkort words is normally placed on the final syllable of the word. The placement of the original stress in loanwords is usually preserved.
Sounds table[edit | edit source]
Letter | Name | IPA |
---|---|---|
А а | а | [ɑ], [a] |
Б б | бэ | [b] |
В в | вэ | [w], [v] |
Г г | гэ | [ɡ] |
Ғ ғ | ғы | [ʁ] |
Д д | дэ | [d] |
Ҙ ҙ | ҙ | [ð] |
Е е | йе | [e], [je], [jɪ̞], [ɪ̞] |
Ё ё | йо | [jo] |
Ж ж | жэ | [ʒ] |
З з | зэ | [z] |
И и | и | [i] |
Й й | ҡыҫҡа и | [j] |
К к | ка | [k] |
Ҡ ҡ | ҡы | [q] |
Л л | эль | [l] |
М м | эм | [m] |
Н н | эн | [n] |
Ң ң | эң | [ŋ] |
О о | о | [o] |
Ө ө | ө | [ø] |
П п | пэ | [p] |
Р р | эр | [r] |
С с | эс | [s] |
Ҫ ҫ | ҫэ | [θ] |
Т т | тэ | [t] |
У у | у | [u], [w] |
Ү ү | ү | [y] |
Ф ф | эф | [f] |
Х х | ха | [χ] |
Һ һ | һа | [h] |
Ц ц | цэ | [t͡s] |
Ч ч | чэ | [tɕ] |
Ш ш | ша | [ʂ] |
Щ щ | ща | [ɕ] |
Ъ ъ | ҡатылыҡ билдәһе | |
Ы ы | ы | [ɯ], [ɨ] |
Ь ь | йомшаҡлыҡ билдәһе | [ʲ] |
Э э | э | [ɪ̞], [e] |
Ә ә | ә | [æ] |
Ю ю | йу | [ju] |
Я я | йа | [jɑ], [ja] |