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| == '''Prepositions''' - '''Προθέσεις''' == | | |
| | == Monosyllabic Prepositions == |
| {| class="wikitable" | | {| class="wikitable" |
| !
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| == '''Ελληνικά''' ==
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| !
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| == '''English''' ==
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| !
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| == '''Français''' ==
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| |- | | |- |
| |'''Προθέσεις''' λέγονται οι μικρές άκλιτες λέξεις, | | ! Greek !! English |
| μορφολογικά αμετάβλητες, οι οποίες
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| | | | ἐν || in, among, during |
| "προ-τίθενται", μπαίνουν μπροστά από
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| | | | εἰς-ἐς || in, into, within |
| Άλλες κλιτές λέξεις (ουσιαστικά, αντωνυμίες
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| | | | ἐκ-ἐξ (ἐκ becomes ἐξ before a vowel) || from, out of, forth from |
| ή επιρρήματα), σχηματίζοντας με αυτές
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| | | | πρό || in front, before, preferably at |
| προθετικές φράσεις,
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| | | | πρός || by, in addition to |
| που αποκαλούνται παραδοσιακά
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| | | | σύν || with |
| '''εμπρόθετοι προσδιορισμοί'''.
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| | | | Fr : avec || |
| Οι προθέσεις χωρίζονται σε δύο
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| κατηγορίες:
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| τις '''κύριες''' και τις '''καταχρηστικές'''
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| Κύριες προθέσεις : είναι 18 :
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| 6 μονοσύλλαβες και ο 12 δισύλλαβες
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| |Prepositions are short words that | |
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| usually stand in front of nouns,
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| sometimes also in front of verbs,
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| which are "predefined",
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| placed in front of other declined words
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| (nouns, pronouns or adverbs)
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| forming sentences with those
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| prepositional, which are
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| traditionally called:
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| "'''εμπρόθετοι προσδιορισμοί".'''
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| En : The prepositions are separated
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| into two categories:
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| To the Preposition properly and
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| improperly so called
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| The prepositions are 18 in number:
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| 6 monosyllables and 12 in two syllables
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| |Prépositions s'appellent les petits | |
| mots qui sont morphologiquement
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| immuables, qui sont "prédéfinis",
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| placés devant d'autres mots déclinés
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| (noms, pronoms ou adverbes)
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| formant des phrases avec ceux
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| prépositionnelles, qui sont
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| traditionnellement appelées :
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| "εμπρόθετοι προσδιορισμοί".
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| Les prépositions se séparent
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| en deux catégories :
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| aux Préposition proprement
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| et improprement dites.
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| Les prépositions sont 18 en nombre:
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| 6 monosyllabes et 12 en deux syllabes
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| |} | | |} |
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| == '''Important Prepositions''' == | | == Two-Syllable Prepositions == |
| {| class="wikitable" | | {| class="wikitable" |
| |'''Μονοσύλλαβες'''
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| Monosyllables
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| |'''ἐν '''
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| '''En : '''in, among, during
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| '''Fr :''' dans, en, parmi, pendant
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| '''εἰς-ἐς'''
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| '''En :''' in, into, within
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| '''Fr :''' dans, vers, contre, en vue de, pour
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| '''ἐκ-ἐξ (ἐκ''' becomes '''ἐξ''' before a vowel; '''eg''': ἐξ αἵματος : out of blood)
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| '''En :''' from, out of, forth from
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| '''Fr:''' hors, dehors
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| '''πρό'''
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| '''En ''': in front, before, preferably at
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| '''Fr :''' devant, avant, de préférence à
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| '''πρός'''
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| '''En :''' by, in addition to
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| '''Fr:''' vers, par, de
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| ''' '''
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| '''σύν'''
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| '''En :''' with
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| '''Fr :''' avec
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| |- | | |- |
| |'''Δισύλλαβες''' | | ! Greek !! English |
| Deux syllabes
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| | | | ἀνά || upon, up, through |
| T'''''wo'''''-'''''syllable'''''
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| |'''ἀνά''' | | | διά || through, by means of, because |
| '''En :''' upon, ''up, through''
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| | | | κατά || down, along, according to |
| '''Fr :''' par, à travers de
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| | | | μετά || after, behind |
| ''' '''
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| | | | παρά || with, near |
| '''διά'''
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| | | | ἀμφί || about, around |
| '''En :''' through, by means of''',''' ''because''
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| | | | ἀντί || opposite, instead of, for the sake of |
| '''Fr :''' à travers, au moyen de
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| | | | ἐπί || on, for the purpose of, because of |
| ''' '''
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| | | | περί || about, near, around |
| '''κατά'''
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| | | | ἀπό || from, =distance: starting point, origin |
| '''En :''' down, along, according to
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| | | | ὑπό || under |
| '''Fr :''' en descendant de, du haut de, contre
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| | | | ὑπέρ || above, over, beyond because of, by reason of |
| ''' '''
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| '''Μετά'''
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| '''En : '''after, behind
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| '''Fr :''' avec, après
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| ''' '''
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| '''Παρά'''
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| '''En : ''' with, near
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| '''Fr :''' d'auprès de, de la part de
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| ''' '''
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| '''ἀμφί'''
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| '''En :''' about, around
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| '''Fr :''' environ
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| ''' '''
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| '''ἀντί'''
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| '''En :''' opposite, instead of, for the sake of
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| '''Fr :''' à la place de, en échange de
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| ''' '''
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| '''ἐπί'''
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| '''En :''' on, for the purpose of, because of
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| '''Fr :''' sur, dans, du temps de
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| ''' '''
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| '''περί'''
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| '''En :''' about, near, around
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| '''Fr :''' par rapport à, autour de
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| '''ἀπό'''
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| '''En :''' from, =distance: starting point, origin
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| '''Fr :''' à partir de, en venant de, depuis, de (éloignement :point de départ,origine
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| '''ὑπό'''
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| '''En :''' under
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| '''Fr :''' sous, à cause de
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| '''ὑπέρ'''
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| '''En : ''' above, over, beyond because of, by reason of
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| '''Fr :''' au-dessus de, pour, dans l'intérêt de, en faveur de
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| |}
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| == '''Prépositions proprement dites ''' ==
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |'''Prépositions proprement dites '''
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| ''' '''
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| '''ἐξ''' ('''ἐκ''' devant consonne)
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| '''En ''': from, out of, forth from
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| '''Fr :''' hors de, depuis, à la suite de, selon
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| '''ἀντί''' :
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| '''En :''' opposite, instead of, for the sake of
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| '''Fr :''' à la place de, en échange de
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| '''πρό''' :
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| '''En :''' before, in front of
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| '''Fr :''' devant, avant, de préférence à
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| '''ἀπό''' :
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| '''En ''''': ''from'','' =distance: starting point, origin
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| '''Fr :''' à partir de, en venant de, depuis, de (éloignement, point de départ , origine)
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| ''' '''
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| '''ἕνεκα, ἕνεκεν''' :
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| '''En :''' because of, in view of
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| '''Fr :''' à cause de, en vue de (souvent précédée de son complément)
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| |}
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| |} | | |} |
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| == '''Prépositions improprement dites - Improper prepositions''' ==
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |'''Prépositions improprement dites - Improper prepositions'''
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| ''' '''
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| '''ἄνευ'''
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| '''En:''' without
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| '''Fr:''' sans
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| ''' '''
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| '''ἄχρι'''
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| '''En :''' up to
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| '''Fr :''' jusqu'à
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| ''' '''
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| '''ἕνεκα / ἕνεκεν'''
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| '''En :''' because of, in view of
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| '''Fr :''' à cause de, en vue de
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| '''μέχρι'''
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| '''En :''' even to, as far as
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| '''Fr :''' même pour autant que
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| '''πλήν'''
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| '''En :''' except
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| '''Fr ''': excepté, sauf
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| '''χάριν'''
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| '''En :''' in favor of, for lite pleasure
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| '''Fr :''' en faveur de, pour le plaisir léger
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| '''χωρίς'''
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| '''En ''': separately, apart
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| '''Fr :''' séparément, à part
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| ''' '''
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| '''ὡς *'''
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| '''En :''' as, well as
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| '''Fr :''' comme, de même que
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| '''-and the particles'''
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| '''-et les particules :'''
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| '''νὴ :'''
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| '''En :''' in affirmative oaths : I swear by Zeus, etc.*
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| '''Fr :''' dans les serments affirmatifs : j’en jure par Zeus, etc.
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| ''' '''
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| '''μά **'''
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| '''En ''': in affirmative or negative oaths
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| '''Fr :''' dans les serments affirmatifs ou négatifs
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| <nowiki>*</nowiki> '''Seulement avec des personnes :'''
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| '''ὡς''' τόν βασιλέα πέμπειν θρίαμβον
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| Mener au roi un cortège triomphal
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| ''' '''
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| <nowiki>**</nowiki> a particle employed in affirmations and oaths and joined to an accusative of the person (for the most part, a divinity) or of the thing affirmed or sworn by.
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| '''**''' '''μά :''' by, in oaths, of the divinity or of the witness invoked; mostly negative, sometimes: '''ναί,''' affirmative.
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| ''' '''
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| ''' '''
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| |}
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| |}
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| {{Marianthi-Signature}} | | {{Marianthi-Signature}} |
