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== '''Prepositions''' - '''Προθέσεις''' ==
Prepositions are concise words that typically come before nouns, and sometimes before verbs as well. They are considered "predefined" because they have a fixed meaning and are used to indicate the relationship between the noun or verb they precede and other words in the sentence, such as declined nouns, pronouns, or adverbs. When used in this way, prepositions are traditionally known as "prepositional phrases."
{| class="wikitable"
!
=== '''Ελληνικά''' ===
!
=== '''English''' ===
!
=== '''Français''' ===
|-
|'''Προθέσεις''' λέγονται οι μικρέςάκλιτες λέξεις,  
μορφολογικά αμετάβλητες, οι οποίες
 
"προ-τίθενται", μπαίνουν μπροστά από άλλες


κλιτές λέξεις (ουσιαστικά, αντωνυμίες ή επιρρήματα),  
In addition to their function in sentences, prepositions can be divided into two categories: proper and improper. Proper prepositions have their own meaning, while improper prepositions are formed by combining a preposition with another word.


σχηματίζοντας με αυτές προθετικές φράσεις,  
There are 18 prepositions in total, with six being monosyllables and 12 having two syllables. Overall, prepositions play a crucial role in constructing sentences that convey clear meaning and facilitate effective communication.
 
που αποκαλούνται παραδοσιακά 
 
'''εμπρόθετοι προσδιορισμοί'''. 
|
|Prépositions s'appellent les petits mots
qui sont morphologiquement immuables,  
 
qui sont "prédéfinis", placés devant d'autres
 
mots déclinés (noms, pronoms ou adverbes)
 
formant avec eux des phrases prépositionnelles,
 
qui sont traditionnellement appelées :
 
'''εμπρόθετοι προσδιορισμοί'''. 
|}


<span link>Take a moment to explore these relevant pages as you conclude this lesson:</span> [[Language/Ancient-greek-to-1453/Grammar/Verb-λύω:-active-voice|Verb λύω: active voice]] & [[Language/Ancient-greek-to-1453/Grammar/The-verb-:-εἰμί|The verb : εἰμί]].
== Monosyllabic Prepositions ==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|
=== Οι προθέσεις χωρίζονται σε δύο κατηγορίες: τις '''κύριες''' και τις '''καταχρηστικές''' ===
|-
|-
|
! Greek !! English
=== Les prépositions se séparent en '''proprement''' et '''improprement''' dites : ===
|-
| ἐν || in, among, during
|-
| εἰς-ἐς || in, into, within
|-
|-
|
| ἐκ-ἐξ (ἐκ becomes ἐξ before a vowel) || from, out of, forth from
=== '''Κύριες προθέσεις :''' είναι '''18''' : οι '''6''' μονοσύλλαβες και οι '''12''' δισύλλαβες: ===
 
==== '''Prépositions proprement il y en a 18: 6 monosyllabes et 12 en deux syllabes:''' ====
|}
  
{| class="wikitable"
|
{| class="wikitable"
|'''Μονοσύλλαβες'''
 
Monosyllables
|'''ἐν ('''''dans, en, parmi, pendant/'' ''in, among, during)'' ''','''
 
'''εἰς/ἐς''' (''dans, vers, contre, en vue de, pour / in, into, within),''
 
'''ἐκ/ἐξ ('''''devant une voyelle / before a vowel) ''','''''
 
'''πρό''' (''devant, avant, de préférence à / in front, before,  preferably at)''','''''
 
'''πρός''' ''(vers, par, de / by, in addition to)''
 
'''σύν ('''''avec /'' ''with)''
|-
|-
|'''Δισύλλαβες'''
| πρό || in front, before, preferably at
 
Deux syllabes
 
Two-syllables
|'''ἀνά''' ''(par, à travers de /'' ''upon)''
 
'''διά  (('''''à travers,  au moyen de'''''/''' ''through, by means of''''')'''
 
'''κατά ('''''en descendant de, du haut de, contre  /'' ''down, along, according to )''
 
'''μετά (''' ''avec, après /after, behind)''
 
'''παρά ('''''d'auprès de, de la part de / with, near)''
 
'''ἀμφί (''''' environ,/  around, about)''
 
'''ἀντί ('''''à la place de, en échange de'''''/''' ''opposite, instead of, for  the sake of)''
 
'''ἐπί''' ''(sur, dans, du temps de/'' ''on, for the purpose of,  because of)''
 
'''περί''' ''(par rapport à, autour de/'' ''about, near,  around)''
 
'''ἀπό (''' ''à partir de, en venant de, depuis, de'' (''éloignement :point de  départ,origine /from, =distance: starting point, origin'')
 
'''ὑπό ('''''sous, à cause  de /'' ''under)''
 
'''ὑπέρ ('''''au-dessus de,  pour, dans l'intérêt de, en faveur de /'' ''above, over, beyond)''  
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|
{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="3" |'''Κύριες :'''
 
'''propres'''
|'''Καταχρηστικές''' : είναι οι ακόλουθες '''εννιά:'''
 
'''Prépositions impropre''': ''elles sont neuf''
 
'''Improper preposition'''s : ''are  the following nine:''
|-
|-
|'''Μονόπτωτες'''
| πρός || by, in addition to
 
''construites avec''
 
'''''un seul cas''' /''
 
''only one case''
|'''Δίπτωτες /'''
 
''construites  avec '''deux cas :'''''
 
''génitif  et accusatif /''
 
''Genitive  and''
 
''accusative Case''
|'''Τρίπτωτες /'''
 
''construites  avec '''trois cas''' :''
 
''génitif, accusatif et datif''
 
''/ genitive, accusative''
 
''and dative case''
| 
|-
|-
|'''ἀπό'''
| σύν || with
|}


'''ἀντί'''
== Two-Syllable Prepositions ==
 
{| class="wikitable"
'''ἐκ'''
 
'''πρό'''
 
'''ἐν'''
 
'''σύν'''
 
'''εἰς /ἐς'''
|'''ἀνά  '''
 
'''διά  '''
 
'''κατά''' '' ''
 
'''ὑπέρ'''
|'''ἀμφί'''
 
'''ἐπί'''
 
'''μετά'''
 
'''παρά'''
 
'''περί'''
 
'''πρός'''
 
'''ὑπό'''
|'''ἄνευ ('''''sans /without)''
 
'''ἄχρι ('''''jusqu'à /up to'' )
 
'''ἕνεκα / ἕνεκεν ('''''à cause de, en vue de'' / ''because of, in view of)''
 
'''μέχρι ('''''même pour autant que/ even to, as far as)''
 
'''πλήν ('''
 
'''χάριν ('''''en faveur de, pour le plaisir léger/''
 
''in favor of, for  lite pleasure''
 
χωρίς ''(séparément, à  part/ separately, apart)''
 
'''ὡς '''''(comme, de même que/ as, well as)*''
 
και τα μόρια: 
 
et  les particules :
 
'''νὴ :''' ''dans les serments affirmatifs''
 
'''(''' j’en jure par  (Zeus, ''etc.'') / I swear by (Zeus, etc.) '''**'''
 
'''μά :''' ''(dans les serments affirmatifs ou négatifs'' ''')***'''
 
<nowiki>*</nowiki> '''Seulement avec des personnes :'''
 
''« ὡς τόν βασιλέα πέμπειν θρίαμβον» ''
 
''« Mener au roi un  cortège triomphal »''
 
'''''**''''' ''a particle employed  in affirmations and oaths and joined to an accusative of the person (for the  most part, a divinity) or of the thing affirmed or sworn by.''
 
'''''***''''' '''μά :''' ''by, in oaths, of the  divinity or of the witness invoked; mostly  negative, sometimes: '''ναί,''' affirmative.''
 
''' '''
|}
|-
|-
|'''construites avec deux cas : génitif et accusatif'''
! Greek !! English
{| class="wikitable"
| 
|'''+ Génitif'''
|'''+ Accusatif'''
|-
|-
|'''διά'''
| ἀνά || upon, up, through
|''à travers, au moyen de''
|''par le fait de, à cause de''
|-
|-
|'''κατά'''
| διά || through, by means of, because
|''en descendant de, du haut de, contre''
|''le long de, sur, vers, selon''
|-
|-
|'''μετά'''
| κατά || down, along, according to
|''avec''
|''après''
|-
|-
|'''ὑπέρ'''
| μετά || after, behind
|''au-dessus de, pour, dans l'intérêt de''
|''par-dessus, par-delà''
|}
|-
|-
|'''construites avec trois cas : génitif, accusatif et datif'''
| παρά || with, near
{| class="wikitable"
| 
|'''+ Génitif'''
|'''+ Accusatif'''
|'''+ Datif'''
 
'''Dative Case'''
|-
|-
|'''ἀμφί'''
| ἀμφί || about, around
|''au sujet de ''(rare)
|''autour de, vers, environ''
|''autour de, à cause de ''(rare)
|-
|-
|'''ἀνά'''
| ἀντί || opposite, instead of, for the sake of
|''en haut de ''(rare)
|''de bas en haut, en remontant, sur l'étendue de, durant''
|''sur ''(rare)
|-
|-
|'''ἐπί'''
| ἐπί || on, for the purpose of, because of
|''sur ''(sans mouvement)'' '';
 
''au temps de,'' ''au  pouvoir de''
|''vers,'' ''contre ''(avec mvt)
 
''en vue de, pendant''
|''sur, près de ''(rare)
|-
|-
|'''παρά'''
| περί || about, near, around
|''d'auprès de,'' ''de la  part de,'' ''de''
|''vers, auprès de, le long de,''
 
''en comparaison de,'' ''contrairement  à''
|''auprès  de, chez''
|-
|-
|'''περί'''
| ἀπό || from, =distance: starting point, origin
|a''u dessus de, au  sujet de''
|''autour de, vers, environ, à  l'égard de,'' ''envers''
|''autour de ''(rare)
|-
|-
|'''πρός'''
| ὑπό || under
| ''au nom de,'' ''du côté  de ''(rare)
|''vers,'' ''contre,'' ''en vue de,''
 
''au sujet de,'' ''selon''
|''près  de, outre''
|-
|-
|'''ὑπό'''
| ὑπέρ || above, over, beyond because of, by reason of
|''sous, à cause de,'' ''par suite de,''
 
'' par ''(agent animé)
|''sous ,'' ''vers ''(avec  mouvement)
|''sous, au pied de''
|}
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|
==== Ευγενική χορηγία που στοχεύει να βοηθήσει μαθητές ή μη, απανταχού της Γης, που επιδίδονται στην εκμάθηση της ελληνικής γλώσσας!!! ====


==== Sponsorisé d'amabilité visant à aider des étudiants ou non, partout sur Terre, qui sont engagés sur l'apprentissage de la langue grecque !!! ====
{{Marianthi-Signature}}
 
==== http://users.sch.gr/ipap/Ellinikos%20Politismos/Yliko/Theoria%20arxaia/protheseis.htm ====
|}


==== Photo : Printerest ====
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Ancient-greek-to-1453/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]]
* [[Language/Ancient-greek-to-1453/Grammar/Accents-in-Ancient-Greek|Accents in Ancient Greek]]
* [[Language/Ancient-greek-to-1453/Grammar/Aspect-in-the-Ancient-Greek-Verb|Aspect in the Ancient Greek Verb]]
* [[Language/Ancient-greek-to-1453/Grammar/The-degrees-of-adjectives-in-Ancient-Greek|The degrees of adjectives in Ancient Greek]]
* [[Language/Ancient-greek-to-1453/Grammar/Ancient-Greek-Adverbs|Ancient Greek Adverbs]]
* [[Language/Ancient-greek-to-1453/Grammar/Verb-λύω:-active-voice|Verb λύω: active voice]]
* [[Language/Ancient-greek-to-1453/Grammar/Ancient-Greek-Adjectivess|Ancient Greek Adjectivess]]
* [[Language/Ancient-greek-to-1453/Grammar/Article,-verb-or-relative-pronoun?|Article, verb or relative pronoun?]]
* [[Language/Ancient-greek-to-1453/Grammar/The-verb-have-(ἔχω)|The verb have (ἔχω)]]
* [[Language/Ancient-greek-to-1453/Grammar/Tenses|Tenses]]
<span links></span>

Latest revision as of 10:34, 27 March 2023

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Prepositions are concise words that typically come before nouns, and sometimes before verbs as well. They are considered "predefined" because they have a fixed meaning and are used to indicate the relationship between the noun or verb they precede and other words in the sentence, such as declined nouns, pronouns, or adverbs. When used in this way, prepositions are traditionally known as "prepositional phrases."

In addition to their function in sentences, prepositions can be divided into two categories: proper and improper. Proper prepositions have their own meaning, while improper prepositions are formed by combining a preposition with another word.

There are 18 prepositions in total, with six being monosyllables and 12 having two syllables. Overall, prepositions play a crucial role in constructing sentences that convey clear meaning and facilitate effective communication.

Take a moment to explore these relevant pages as you conclude this lesson: Verb λύω: active voice & The verb : εἰμί.

Monosyllabic Prepositions[edit | edit source]

Greek English
ἐν in, among, during
εἰς-ἐς in, into, within
ἐκ-ἐξ (ἐκ becomes ἐξ before a vowel) from, out of, forth from
πρό in front, before, preferably at
πρός by, in addition to
σύν with

Two-Syllable Prepositions[edit | edit source]

Greek English
ἀνά upon, up, through
διά through, by means of, because
κατά down, along, according to
μετά after, behind
παρά with, near
ἀμφί about, around
ἀντί opposite, instead of, for the sake of
ἐπί on, for the purpose of, because of
περί about, near, around
ἀπό from, =distance: starting point, origin
ὑπό under
ὑπέρ above, over, beyond because of, by reason of

Author[edit source]

➡ Marianthi

  • Ευγενική χορηγία που στοχεύει να βοηθήσει μαθητές ή μη, απανταχού της Γης, που επιδίδονται στην εκμάθηση της ελληνικής γλώσσας!
  • Contribution bénévole visant à aider les personnes, partout dans le monde, qui sont engagées dans l'apprentissage de la langue grecque !
  • Voluntary contribution aimed at helping people, all over the world, who are committed to learning the Greek language! 

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

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