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<div class="pg_page_title">Sudanese Arabic Grammar - Pronouns</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">Sudanese Arabic Grammar - Pronouns</div>
Hi Sudanese Arabic learners! 😊<br>In today's lesson, we will be discussing the use of pronouns in Sudanese Arabic. Pronouns are an important part of any language, and understanding how to use them correctly is essential for speaking and writing in Sudanese Arabic. We will look at the different types of pronouns, how they are used, and some examples of their usage.  
 
Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/sudanese-arabic Sudanese Arabic] learners! 😊<br>In this lesson, we will learn about pronouns in Sudanese Arabic. Pronouns are an essential part of the language and are used to replace a noun to avoid repetition. Let's get started!
 
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== Types of Pronouns ==
== What are Pronouns? ==
 
Pronouns are words that replace a noun or noun phrase in a sentence. They are used to avoid repeating the same noun multiple times in a sentence or paragraph. In Sudanese Arabic, there are several types of pronouns, including personal pronouns, possessive pronouns, reflexive pronouns, and demonstrative pronouns.
 
== Personal Pronouns ==
 
Personal pronouns are used to replace a noun that refers to a person or people. In Sudanese Arabic, personal pronouns can be divided into two categories, subject pronouns and object pronouns.
 
Subject pronouns are used as the subject of a sentence, while object pronouns are used as the object of a verb or preposition.
 
Here is a table showing the subject and object pronouns in Sudanese Arabic:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Sudanese Arabic !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| أَنَا || ana || I
|-
| انْتَ / انْتِي || inta/inti || you (singular)
|-
| هُوَ / هِيَ || huwa/hiya || he/she
|-
| نَحْنُ || nahnu || we
|-
| أَنْتُمْ / أَنْتُنَّ || antum/antunna || you (plural)
|-
| هُمْ / هُنَّ || hum/hunna || they
|}
 
Here is an example dialogue between two friends:
 
* Person 1: أَنَا زَعِلَان (Ana za'ilan) (I am sad)
* Person 2: لِيْشَ زِعْلَان؟ (Lish za'ilan?) (Why are you sad?)
* Person 1: شَغْلِيْ كَثِيْر (Shaghli kathir) (I have a lot of work)
 
== Possessive Pronouns ==
 
Possessive pronouns are used to show possession or ownership of something. In Sudanese Arabic, possessive pronouns come after the noun they are describing.
 
Here is a table showing the possessive pronouns in Sudanese Arabic:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Sudanese Arabic !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| حُروفِي || hurufi || my letters
|-
| حُروفَكَ / حُروفَكِ || hurufak/hurufik || your (singular) letters
|-
| حُروفُهُ / حُروفَهَا || hurufuhu/hurufuha || his/her letters
|-
| حُروفُنَا || hurufuna || our letters
|-
| حُروفَكُمْ / حُروفَكُمْ || hurufakum/hurufakunna || your (plural) letters
|-
| حُروفَهُمْ / حُروفَهُنَّ || hurufuhum/hurufuhunna || their letters
|}
 
Here is an example dialogue between two friends:


Pronouns can be divided into two main categories: personal pronouns and possessive pronouns.
* Person 1: وَيْنُ حُرُوفُكَ؟ (Wayn hurufak?) (Where are your letters?)
* Person 2: حُروفِي فِي الشَّنْطَةِ (Hurufi fi ash-shanta) (My letters are in the bag)


=== Personal Pronouns ===
== Reflexive Pronouns ==


Personal pronouns are used to refer to people or things. They can be either singular or plural, and they can be either masculine or feminine. The following table shows the personal pronouns in Sudanese Arabic:
Reflexive pronouns are used when the subject and the object of a sentence are the same. In Sudanese Arabic, reflexive pronouns come after the verb and are formed by adding the suffix "-na" to the end of a personal pronoun.


| Singular | Plural |
Here is a table showing the reflexive pronouns in Sudanese Arabic:
| -------- | ------ |
| ana (I)  | nahnu (we) |
| anta (you) | antum (you) |
| huwa (he) | hum (they) |
| hiya (she) | hunna (they) |


For example, if you wanted to say "I am going to the store", you would say "ana a'al al-makhzan".
{| class="wikitable"
! Sudanese Arabic !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| نَفْسِي || nafsi || myself
|-
| نَفْسَكَ / نَفْسِكِ || nafsak/nafsik || yourself (singular)
|-
| نَفْسُهُ / نَفْسَهَا || nafsuhu/nafsaha || himself/herself
|-
| نَفْسَنَا || nafsana || ourselves
|-
| نَفْسَكُمْ / نَفْسَكُمْ || nafsakum/nafsakunna || yourselves (plural)
|-
| نَفْسَهُمْ / نَفْسَهُنَّ || nafsahum/nafsahunna || themselves
|}


=== Possessive Pronouns ===
Here is an example dialogue between two friends:


Possessive pronouns are used to indicate ownership or possession. They can also be either singular or plural, and they can be either masculine or feminine. The following table shows the possessive pronouns in Sudanese Arabic:  
* Person 1: شَغْلِيْ كَثِيْر وَمَا عِنْدِي وَقْت (Shaghli kathir wa ma 'indi waqt) (I have a lot of work and I don't have time)
* Person 2: خُذْ وَقْتَكَ وَرَاحَةً نَفْسِكَ (Khudh waqtak wa rahatan nafsik) (Take your time and rest yourself)


| Singular | Plural |
== Demonstrative Pronouns ==
| -------- | ------ |
| li (my)  | lina (our) |
| lak (your) | lakum (your) |
| lahu (his) | lahum (their) |
| laha (her) | lahunna (their) |


For example, if you wanted to say "This is my book", you would say "hada kitab li".  
Demonstrative pronouns are used to point to specific nouns and indicate their distance from the speaker. In Sudanese Arabic, there are two types of demonstrative pronouns, close and far.  


== Examples ==
Here is a table showing the demonstrative pronouns in Sudanese Arabic:


Here are some examples of how pronouns are used in Sudanese Arabic:
{| class="wikitable"
! Sudanese Arabic !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| دَا / دِي || da/di || this (close)
|-
| دُو / دُونَا || du/dunna || these (close)
|-
| دَكَّ / دَكِي || dakk/daki || that (far)
|-
| دُوكَّ / دُوكُمْ / دُوكُنَّ || dukk/dukum/dukunna || those (far)
|}


* Ana a'al al-makhzan (I am going to the store).
Here is an example dialogue between two friends:
* Anta qalbi (You are my heart).
* Huwa yomkin (He is possible).
* Hiya mohtarama (She is respected).
* Lina al-makhzan (Our store).
* Lakum al-kitab (Your book).
* Lahum al-mara (Their woman).
* Lahunna al-rihla (Their journey).


<hr>If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
* Person 1: دِيْ كِتَابِي الْحُجَّةِ (Di kitabi al-hujjah) (This is my evidence book)
* Person 2: دَا كَانَ خَطَّكَ حَلْو (Da kan khattak halaw) (This had your nice handwriting)


To improve your [[Language/Sudanese-arabic|Sudanese Arabic]] [[Language/Sudanese-arabic/Grammar|Grammar]], you can also use the [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] website. [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=120 Find native speakers] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/sudanese-arabic/question questions]!


==Related Lessons==
== Sources ==
* [[Language/Sudanese-arabic/Grammar/Nouns|Nouns]]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudanese_Arabic Sudanese Arabic]
* [[Language/Sudanese-arabic/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pronoun Pronoun]
* [[Language/Sudanese-arabic/Grammar/Gender|Gender]]
* [[Language/Sudanese-arabic/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]]
* [[Language/Sudanese-arabic/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]
* [[Language/Sudanese-arabic/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]
* [[Language/Sudanese-arabic/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]
* [[Language/Sudanese-arabic/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]


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