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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Standard-estonian|Standard Estonian]]  → [[Language/Standard-estonian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Standard-estonian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Adjectives and Adverbs → Adjective Declension</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Standard-estonian|Standard Estonian]]  → [[Language/Standard-estonian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Standard-estonian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Adjective Declension</div>
 
Welcome to the lesson on '''Adjective Declension'''! Understanding how to properly decline adjectives is essential for anyone learning Standard Estonian. Adjectives are not just simple descriptors; they add color and depth to our conversations. They allow us to express nuances, comparisons, and emotions. In this lesson, we will explore how adjectives change according to case, gender, and number, ensuring you can describe nouns accurately and express comparisons effectively.
 
By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid grasp of adjective declension in Estonian, enabling you to enhance your speaking and writing skills significantly.


__TOC__
__TOC__


== Introduction ==
=== What is Adjective Declension? ===
 
Adjective declension refers to the way adjectives change their form based on the grammatical case, gender, and number of the nouns they modify. In Estonian, adjectives must agree with the nouns they describe. This agreement is crucial for clear and effective communication.
 
=== Why is it Important? ===
 
1. '''Communication Clarity''': Properly declined adjectives help convey precise meanings.
 
2. '''Cultural Nuance''': Using adjectives correctly can reflect your understanding of Estonian culture and expressions.
 
3. '''Foundational Grammar''': Grasping adjective declension is a stepping stone to mastering more complex grammatical structures.
 
Now, let’s dive into the details of adjective declension!
 
== The Basics of Adjective Declension ==
 
In Estonian, adjectives can take different forms based on:
 
* '''Case''': There are 14 grammatical cases in Estonian.
 
* '''Gender''': Adjectives can be masculine or feminine.
 
* '''Number''': Adjectives can be singular or plural.
 
=== Grammatical Cases ===
 
Here are the grammatical cases you'll encounter:
 
1. Nominative (subject)
 
2. Genitive (possession)
 
3. Partitive (part of an object)
 
4. Accusative (direct object)
 
5. Dative (indirect object)
 
6. Illative (into)
 
7. Inessive (in)
 
8. Elative (out of)
 
9. Allative (onto)
 
10. Adessive (on)
 
11. Ablative (from)
 
12. Translative (into another state)


Welcome to the lesson on adjective declension in Standard Estonian! Adjectives are an essential part of any language as they allow us to describe and provide more information about nouns. In Estonian, adjectives change their form according to the case, gender, and number of the noun they modify. Understanding how to decline adjectives correctly is crucial for building grammatically correct sentences and expressing yourself accurately in Estonian.
13. Essive (as)


In this lesson, we will explore the rules and patterns of adjective declension in Estonian. We will learn how adjectives are inflected based on the different cases, genders, and numbers. We will also practice using adjectives to describe nouns and express comparisons. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid foundation in adjective declension and be able to confidently use adjectives in your Estonian conversations.
14. Comitative (with)


Let's dive into the fascinating world of Estonian adjectives!
=== Gender ===


== Adjective Declension ==
In Estonian, adjectives are generally gender-neutral, but some forms may change slightly based on the noun they describe.


=== Case ===
=== Number ===


In Estonian, adjectives change their form depending on the case of the noun they modify. Case refers to the grammatical function of a noun in a sentence, such as the subject, object, or possessive relationship. There are 14 cases in Estonian, but for this lesson, we will focus on the basic cases: nominative, genitive, partitive, and illative.
Adjectives must agree in number with the nouns they modify, changing form for singular and plural.


Let's take a look at how adjectives are declined in each of these cases:
== Declension Patterns ==


==== Nominative Case ====
=== Singular Declension Patterns === ===


The nominative case is used for the subject of a sentence or when the noun is in a positive statement. In the nominative case, adjectives usually remain in their base form. Here are some examples:
Let’s take a look at how adjectives are declined in the singular form across different cases.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Standard Estonian !! Pronunciation !! English
 
! Case !! Singular Form (masculine) !! Singular Form (feminine) !! English Translation
 
|-
 
| Nominative || ilus || ilus || beautiful
 
|-
 
| Genitive || ilusa || ilusa || of the beautiful
 
|-
 
| Partitive || ilusat || ilusat || (some) beautiful
 
|-
|-
| ilus naine || EE-loos NAI-ne || beautiful woman
 
| Accusative || ilusa || ilusa || (the) beautiful
 
|-
|-
| kõrge maja || KOR-ge MA-ya || tall house
 
| Dative || ilusele || ilusele || to the beautiful
 
|-
|-
| hea töö || HE-a TO || good work
|}


==== Genitive Case ====
| Illative || ilusasse || ilusasse || into the beautiful
 
|-


The genitive case is used to show possession or to indicate the noun that is being referred to or affected by something. In the genitive case, adjectives usually add the ending "-a" or "-e" to their base form. Here are some examples:
| Inessive || ilusas || ilusas || in the beautiful


{| class="wikitable"
! Standard Estonian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| ilusa naise || EE-LOO-sa NAI-se || of a beautiful woman
 
| Elative || ilusast || ilusast || out of the beautiful
 
|-
|-
| kõrge maja || KOR-ge MA-ja || of a tall house
 
| Allative || ilusale || ilusale || onto the beautiful
 
|-
|-
| hea töö || HE-a TÖÖ || of a good work
|}


==== Partitive Case ====
| Adessive || ilusale || ilusale || on the beautiful


The partitive case is used to indicate an indefinite or incomplete quantity of something. In the partitive case, adjectives usually add the ending "-t" or "-d" to their base form. Here are some examples:
|-
 
| Ablative || ilusalt || ilusalt || from the beautiful


{| class="wikitable"
! Standard Estonian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| ilusat naist || EE-loo-SAT NA-ist || (I see) a beautiful woman
 
| Translative || ilusaks || ilusaks || into a beautiful
 
|-
|-
| kõrget maja || KOR-get MA-ya || (I see) a tall house
 
| Essive || ilusana || ilusana || as beautiful
 
|-
|-
| head tööd || HEAD TÖÖD || (I see) good work
 
| Comitative || ilusaga || ilusaga || with the beautiful
 
|}
|}


==== Illative Case ====
=== Plural Declension Patterns === ===


The illative case is used to indicate movement into or onto something. In the illative case, adjectives usually add the ending "-sse" or "-le" to their base form. Here are some examples:
Now, let’s examine how adjectives decline in the plural form.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Standard Estonian !! Pronunciation !! English
 
! Case !! Plural Form !! English Translation
 
|-
 
| Nominative || ilusad || beautiful (plural)
 
|-
 
| Genitive || ilusaid || of the beautiful (plural)
 
|-
|-
| ilusasse majja || EE-LOO-sas-SE MA-ya || into a beautiful house
 
| Partitive || ilusaid || (some) beautiful (plural)
 
|-
|-
| kõrgele mäele || KOR-ge-le MA-e-le || onto a tall mountain
 
| Accusative || ilusaid || (the) beautiful (plural)
 
|-
|-
| heasse kohta || HE-as-se KÕH-ta || into a good place
|}


=== Gender ===
| Dative || ilusatele || to the beautiful (plural)


In Estonian, adjectives also change their form based on the gender of the noun they modify. There are three genders in Estonian: masculine, feminine, and neuter. The gender of a noun is not always obvious and must be learned with the noun itself. Let's see how adjectives are declined according to gender:
|-


==== Masculine Gender ====
| Illative || ilusatesse || into the beautiful (plural)


When an adjective modifies a masculine noun, it usually remains in its base form. Here are some examples:
|-
 
| Inessive || ilusates || in the beautiful (plural)


{| class="wikitable"
! Standard Estonian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| tugev mees || TOO-gev MES || strong man
 
| Elative || ilusatest || out of the beautiful (plural)
 
|-
|-
| ilus poiss || EE-loos POISS || handsome boy
 
| Allative || ilusatele || onto the beautiful (plural)
 
|-
|-
| hea sõber || HE-a SÕ-ber || good friend
|}


==== Feminine Gender ====
| Adessive || ilusatel || on the beautiful (plural)
 
|-


When an adjective modifies a feminine noun, it usually adds the ending "-ne" to its base form. Here are some examples:
| Ablative || ilusadelt || from the beautiful (plural)


{| class="wikitable"
! Standard Estonian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| ilus naine || EE-loos NAI-ne || beautiful woman
 
| Translative || ilusateks || into beautiful (plural)
 
|-
|-
| tark õpetaja || TARK Õ-pe-TA-ya || smart teacher
 
| Essive || ilusatena || as beautiful (plural)
 
|-
|-
| hea ema || HE-a E-ma || good mother
 
| Comitative || ilusatega || with the beautiful (plural)
 
|}
|}


==== Neuter Gender ====
== Usage Examples ==


When an adjective modifies a neuter noun, it usually adds the ending "-d" to its base form. Here are some examples:
Understanding the declension patterns is crucial, but how do we use them in sentences? Here are some examples to illustrate the application of adjective declension in context.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Standard Estonian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Standard Estonian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| ilus majake || EE-loos MA-ya-ke || beautiful little house
 
| See on ilus päev. || Se on ilus päėv. || This is a beautiful day.
 
|-
|-
| tark loom || TARK LOOM || smart animal
 
| Ma näen ilusat lilli. || Ma näen ilusat lilli. || I see a beautiful flower.
 
|-
|-
| hea süda || HE-a SÜ-da || good heart
|}


=== Number ===
| Mulle meeldib see ilus raamat. || Mulle meeldib se ilus raamat. || I like this beautiful book.
 
|-


Finally, adjectives in Estonian also change their form based on the number of the noun they modify. There are two numbers in Estonian: singular and plural. Let's see how adjectives are declined according to number:
| See on mu ilus auto. || Se on mu ilus auto. || This is my beautiful car.


==== Singular Number ====
|-


When an adjective modifies a noun in the singular form, it usually remains in its base form. Here are some examples:
| Ta elab ilusas majas. || Ta elab ilusas majas. || He/She lives in a beautiful house.


{| class="wikitable"
! Standard Estonian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| ilus naine || EE-loos NAI-ne || beautiful woman
 
| Ma tulen ilusast linnast. || Ma tulen ilusast linnast. || I am coming from a beautiful city.
 
|-
|-
| kõrge maja || KOR-ge MA-ya || tall house
 
| Me oleme ilusatel pühadel. || Me oleme ilusatel pühadel. || We are on beautiful holidays.
 
|-
|-
| hea töö || HE-a TO || good work
|}


==== Plural Number ====
| Ilusad lilled õitsevad. || Ilusad lilled õitsevad. || Beautiful flowers are blooming.
 
|-


When an adjective modifies a noun in the plural form, it usually adds the ending "-d" to its base form. Here are some examples:
| Ta andis mulle ilusama kingituse. || Ta andis mulle ilusama kingituse. || He/She gave me a more beautiful gift.


{| class="wikitable"
! Standard Estonian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| ilusad naised || EE-LOO-sad NAI-sed || beautiful women
 
|-
| Ilusamad pildid on seinal. || Ilusamad pildid on seinal. || The more beautiful pictures are on the wall.
| kõrged majad || KOR-ged MA-jad || tall houses
 
|-
| head tööd || HEAD TÖÖD || good works
|}
|}


== Cultural Insights ==
== Practice Exercises ==
 
Now that you have a comprehensive understanding of adjective declension, it’s time to put your knowledge to the test with some practice exercises!
 
=== Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks ===
 
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the adjective "ilus" (beautiful) based on the context provided.
 
1. See on ________ (ilus) päev.
 
2. Ma näen ________ (ilus) lilli.
 
3. Ta elab ________ (ilus) majas.
 
4. Ma tulen ________ (ilus) linnast.
 
5. Ilusad ________ (ilus) õitsevad aias.
 
=== Exercise 2: Translation Practice ===
 
Translate the following sentences from English to Estonian, using the correct forms of the adjectives.
 
1. This is a beautiful day.
 
2. I see a beautiful flower.
 
3. He/She lives in a beautiful house.
 
4. We are on beautiful holidays.
 
5. The more beautiful pictures are on the wall.
 
=== Exercise 3: Adjective Agreement ===
 
Match the nouns with the correct adjective forms from the list below.
 
Nouns:
 
1. auto (car)
 
2. raamat (book)
 
3. linn (city)
 
4. päev (day)
 
5. lill (flower)
 
Adjective Forms:
 
* ilus
 
* ilusad
 
* ilusat
 
=== Exercise 4: Create Sentences ===
 
Create five sentences using the adjective "ilus" in different cases (nominative, genitive, dative, etc.).
 
=== Exercise 5: Comparison Exercise ===
 
Using the adjective "ilus", create comparative sentences, such as "This gift is more beautiful than that gift."
 
=== Exercise 6: Multiple Choice ===
 
Choose the correct form of the adjective in the following sentences:
 
1. Ta on ________ (ilus, ilusad) inimene.
 
2. Ma ostsin ________ (ilus, ilusat) kingituse.
 
3. Me elame ________ (ilus, ilusas) majas.
 
=== Exercise 7: True or False ===
 
Determine whether the following statements are true or false based on your understanding of adjective declension.
 
1. Adjectives in Estonian do not change form.
 
2. The adjective must agree with the noun in case and number.
 
3. There are only three cases in Estonian.
 
=== Exercise 8: Fill in the Gaps in Dialogue ===
 
Fill in the blanks in the dialogue with the correct forms of "ilus" based on the context.
 
A: Kuidas sul ________ (ilus) päev läheb? 
 
B: See on ________ (ilus) päev!
 
=== Solutions and Explanations ===
 
Let’s go through the solutions for the exercises to clarify any doubts you might have.
 
=== Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks ===
 
1. ilus
 
2. ilusaid
 
3. ilusas
 
4. ilusast
 
5. ilusad
 
=== Exercise 2: Translation Practice ===
 
1. See on ilus päev.
 
2. Ma näen ilusat lilli.
 
3. Ta elab ilusas majas.
 
4. Me oleme ilusatel pühadel.
 
5. Ilusamad pildid on seinal.
 
=== Exercise 3: Adjective Agreement ===
 
1. ilus
 
2. ilus
 
3. ilus
 
4. ilus
 
5. ilusat
 
=== Exercise 4: Create Sentences ===
 
Examples:
 
1. See on ilus päev. (Nominative)
 
2. Ma armastan ilusat raamatut. (Partitive)
 
3. Ta elab ilusas majades. (Inessive)
 
4. Ma tulen ilusast linnast. (Elative)


Estonian is a Finno-Ugric language and has several regional variations. While the rules of adjective declension remain consistent throughout the country, there are some slight differences in vocabulary and pronunciation. For example, in some regions, the ending "-e" is used instead of "-a" in the genitive case. This variation is often influenced by historical reasons and the influence of neighboring languages.
5. Ma andsin ilusale kingitusele. (Dative)


Estonian culture is rich in traditions and folklore. Traditional music and dance play a significant role in Estonian cultural identity. The song and dance festival, known as "Laulupidu," is a major event held every five years, where thousands of performers come together to celebrate Estonian music and dance. It is an excellent opportunity to experience the beauty and diversity of Estonian culture.
=== Exercise 5: Comparison Exercise ===


== Practice Exercises ==
Examples:
 
1. This gift is more beautiful than that gift.
 
2. This city is more beautiful than the one we visited.
 
=== Exercise 6: Multiple Choice ===
 
1. ilus
 
2. ilusat
 
3. ilusas
 
=== Exercise 7: True or False ===


Now it's time to practice what you've learned! Complete the following exercises to reinforce your understanding of adjective declension in Estonian.
1. False


Exercise 1: Decline the adjectives in the following sentences according to case, gender, and number.
2. True


1. Ilus ___________ (naine) astub bussi.
3. False
2. Kõrge ___________ (maja) on mu uus kodu.
3. Hea ___________ (sõber) aitab alati.
4. Tugev ___________ (mees) tõstab raskusi.
5. Ilusad ___________ (lill) õitsevad kevadel.


Exercise 2: Translate the following sentences from English to Estonian, using the correct adjective declension.
=== Exercise 8: Fill in the Gaps in Dialogue ===


1. The tall trees provide shade in the park.
A: Kuidas sul ilus päev läheb? 
2. I see a beautiful flower in the garden.
3. Our good friends are coming to visit.
4. He has a strong car.
5. The smart students always do well in exams.


== Solutions ==
B: See on ilus päev!


Exercise 1:
Congratulations on completing the lesson on adjective declension! Remember, practice is key to mastering any language. Keep using adjectives in your conversations, and soon it will come naturally to you.


1. Ilusasse (naisesse) astub bussi.
{{#seo:
2. Kõrge (majja) on mu uus kodu.
3. Hea (sõber) aitab alati.
4. Tugev (mees) tõstab raskusi.
5. Ilusad (lilled) õitsevad kevadel.


Exercise 2:
|title=Standard Estonian Adjective Declension


1. Kõrged puud pakuvad varju pargis.
|keywords=Estonian grammar, adjective declension, language learning, Estonian adjectives, beginner Estonian
2. Ma näen ilusat lille aias.
3. Meie head sõbrad tulevad külla.
4. Tal on tugev auto.
5. Targad õpilased teevad alati eksamitel hästi.


== Conclusion ==
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to decline adjectives in Estonian according to case, gender, and number. Practice using adjectives to describe nouns and express comparisons.


Congratulations! You have now learned how to decline adjectives in Estonian according to case, gender, and number. Adjectives are powerful tools for describing nouns and expressing comparisons. Remember to practice using adjectives in different contexts to further enhance your Estonian language skills. Keep up the good work, and soon you will be able to express yourself fluently in Estonian!
}}


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Latest revision as of 02:31, 2 August 2024

Next Lesson — Basic Sentence Structure ▶️

Estonia-Timeline-PolyglotClub.jpg
Standard Estonian → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Adjective Declension

Welcome to the lesson on Adjective Declension! Understanding how to properly decline adjectives is essential for anyone learning Standard Estonian. Adjectives are not just simple descriptors; they add color and depth to our conversations. They allow us to express nuances, comparisons, and emotions. In this lesson, we will explore how adjectives change according to case, gender, and number, ensuring you can describe nouns accurately and express comparisons effectively.

By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid grasp of adjective declension in Estonian, enabling you to enhance your speaking and writing skills significantly.

What is Adjective Declension?[edit | edit source]

Adjective declension refers to the way adjectives change their form based on the grammatical case, gender, and number of the nouns they modify. In Estonian, adjectives must agree with the nouns they describe. This agreement is crucial for clear and effective communication.

Why is it Important?[edit | edit source]

1. Communication Clarity: Properly declined adjectives help convey precise meanings.

2. Cultural Nuance: Using adjectives correctly can reflect your understanding of Estonian culture and expressions.

3. Foundational Grammar: Grasping adjective declension is a stepping stone to mastering more complex grammatical structures.

Now, let’s dive into the details of adjective declension!

The Basics of Adjective Declension[edit | edit source]

In Estonian, adjectives can take different forms based on:

  • Case: There are 14 grammatical cases in Estonian.
  • Gender: Adjectives can be masculine or feminine.
  • Number: Adjectives can be singular or plural.

Grammatical Cases[edit | edit source]

Here are the grammatical cases you'll encounter:

1. Nominative (subject)

2. Genitive (possession)

3. Partitive (part of an object)

4. Accusative (direct object)

5. Dative (indirect object)

6. Illative (into)

7. Inessive (in)

8. Elative (out of)

9. Allative (onto)

10. Adessive (on)

11. Ablative (from)

12. Translative (into another state)

13. Essive (as)

14. Comitative (with)

Gender[edit | edit source]

In Estonian, adjectives are generally gender-neutral, but some forms may change slightly based on the noun they describe.

Number[edit | edit source]

Adjectives must agree in number with the nouns they modify, changing form for singular and plural.

Declension Patterns[edit | edit source]

Singular Declension Patterns ===[edit | edit source]

Let’s take a look at how adjectives are declined in the singular form across different cases.

Case Singular Form (masculine) Singular Form (feminine) English Translation
Nominative ilus ilus beautiful
Genitive ilusa ilusa of the beautiful
Partitive ilusat ilusat (some) beautiful
Accusative ilusa ilusa (the) beautiful
Dative ilusele ilusele to the beautiful
Illative ilusasse ilusasse into the beautiful
Inessive ilusas ilusas in the beautiful
Elative ilusast ilusast out of the beautiful
Allative ilusale ilusale onto the beautiful
Adessive ilusale ilusale on the beautiful
Ablative ilusalt ilusalt from the beautiful
Translative ilusaks ilusaks into a beautiful
Essive ilusana ilusana as beautiful
Comitative ilusaga ilusaga with the beautiful

Plural Declension Patterns ===[edit | edit source]

Now, let’s examine how adjectives decline in the plural form.

Case Plural Form English Translation
Nominative ilusad beautiful (plural)
Genitive ilusaid of the beautiful (plural)
Partitive ilusaid (some) beautiful (plural)
Accusative ilusaid (the) beautiful (plural)
Dative ilusatele to the beautiful (plural)
Illative ilusatesse into the beautiful (plural)
Inessive ilusates in the beautiful (plural)
Elative ilusatest out of the beautiful (plural)
Allative ilusatele onto the beautiful (plural)
Adessive ilusatel on the beautiful (plural)
Ablative ilusadelt from the beautiful (plural)
Translative ilusateks into beautiful (plural)
Essive ilusatena as beautiful (plural)
Comitative ilusatega with the beautiful (plural)

Usage Examples[edit | edit source]

Understanding the declension patterns is crucial, but how do we use them in sentences? Here are some examples to illustrate the application of adjective declension in context.

Standard Estonian Pronunciation English
See on ilus päev. Se on ilus päėv. This is a beautiful day.
Ma näen ilusat lilli. Ma näen ilusat lilli. I see a beautiful flower.
Mulle meeldib see ilus raamat. Mulle meeldib se ilus raamat. I like this beautiful book.
See on mu ilus auto. Se on mu ilus auto. This is my beautiful car.
Ta elab ilusas majas. Ta elab ilusas majas. He/She lives in a beautiful house.
Ma tulen ilusast linnast. Ma tulen ilusast linnast. I am coming from a beautiful city.
Me oleme ilusatel pühadel. Me oleme ilusatel pühadel. We are on beautiful holidays.
Ilusad lilled õitsevad. Ilusad lilled õitsevad. Beautiful flowers are blooming.
Ta andis mulle ilusama kingituse. Ta andis mulle ilusama kingituse. He/She gave me a more beautiful gift.
Ilusamad pildid on seinal. Ilusamad pildid on seinal. The more beautiful pictures are on the wall.

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now that you have a comprehensive understanding of adjective declension, it’s time to put your knowledge to the test with some practice exercises!

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the adjective "ilus" (beautiful) based on the context provided.

1. See on ________ (ilus) päev.

2. Ma näen ________ (ilus) lilli.

3. Ta elab ________ (ilus) majas.

4. Ma tulen ________ (ilus) linnast.

5. Ilusad ________ (ilus) õitsevad aias.

Exercise 2: Translation Practice[edit | edit source]

Translate the following sentences from English to Estonian, using the correct forms of the adjectives.

1. This is a beautiful day.

2. I see a beautiful flower.

3. He/She lives in a beautiful house.

4. We are on beautiful holidays.

5. The more beautiful pictures are on the wall.

Exercise 3: Adjective Agreement[edit | edit source]

Match the nouns with the correct adjective forms from the list below.

Nouns:

1. auto (car)

2. raamat (book)

3. linn (city)

4. päev (day)

5. lill (flower)

Adjective Forms:

  • ilus
  • ilusad
  • ilusat

Exercise 4: Create Sentences[edit | edit source]

Create five sentences using the adjective "ilus" in different cases (nominative, genitive, dative, etc.).

Exercise 5: Comparison Exercise[edit | edit source]

Using the adjective "ilus", create comparative sentences, such as "This gift is more beautiful than that gift."

Exercise 6: Multiple Choice[edit | edit source]

Choose the correct form of the adjective in the following sentences:

1. Ta on ________ (ilus, ilusad) inimene.

2. Ma ostsin ________ (ilus, ilusat) kingituse.

3. Me elame ________ (ilus, ilusas) majas.

Exercise 7: True or False[edit | edit source]

Determine whether the following statements are true or false based on your understanding of adjective declension.

1. Adjectives in Estonian do not change form.

2. The adjective must agree with the noun in case and number.

3. There are only three cases in Estonian.

Exercise 8: Fill in the Gaps in Dialogue[edit | edit source]

Fill in the blanks in the dialogue with the correct forms of "ilus" based on the context.

A: Kuidas sul ________ (ilus) päev läheb?

B: See on ________ (ilus) päev!

Solutions and Explanations[edit | edit source]

Let’s go through the solutions for the exercises to clarify any doubts you might have.

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

1. ilus

2. ilusaid

3. ilusas

4. ilusast

5. ilusad

Exercise 2: Translation Practice[edit | edit source]

1. See on ilus päev.

2. Ma näen ilusat lilli.

3. Ta elab ilusas majas.

4. Me oleme ilusatel pühadel.

5. Ilusamad pildid on seinal.

Exercise 3: Adjective Agreement[edit | edit source]

1. ilus

2. ilus

3. ilus

4. ilus

5. ilusat

Exercise 4: Create Sentences[edit | edit source]

Examples:

1. See on ilus päev. (Nominative)

2. Ma armastan ilusat raamatut. (Partitive)

3. Ta elab ilusas majades. (Inessive)

4. Ma tulen ilusast linnast. (Elative)

5. Ma andsin ilusale kingitusele. (Dative)

Exercise 5: Comparison Exercise[edit | edit source]

Examples:

1. This gift is more beautiful than that gift.

2. This city is more beautiful than the one we visited.

Exercise 6: Multiple Choice[edit | edit source]

1. ilus

2. ilusat

3. ilusas

Exercise 7: True or False[edit | edit source]

1. False

2. True

3. False

Exercise 8: Fill in the Gaps in Dialogue[edit | edit source]

A: Kuidas sul ilus päev läheb?

B: See on ilus päev!

Congratulations on completing the lesson on adjective declension! Remember, practice is key to mastering any language. Keep using adjectives in your conversations, and soon it will come naturally to you.

Table of Contents - Standard Estonian Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Introduction to Estonian


Greetings and Introductions


Nouns and Pronouns


Numbers and Time


Verbs and Tenses


Daily Activities


Adjectives and Adverbs


Food and Dining


Estonian Traditions


Travel and Transportation


Prepositions and Conjunctions


At Home and Work


Estonian History


Negation and Questions


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



Next Lesson — Basic Sentence Structure ▶️

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