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{{Northern-uzbek-Page-Top}}
{{Northern-uzbek-Page-Top}}
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Northern-uzbek|Northern Uzbek]]  → [[Language/Northern-uzbek/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Northern-uzbek/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Advanced Sentence Structures → Indirect Discourse</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Northern-uzbek|Northern Uzbek]]  → [[Language/Northern-uzbek/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Northern-uzbek/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Indirect Discourse</div>
 
Introduction
 
------------
 
Welcome to this exciting lesson on '''Indirect Discourse''' in Northern Uzbek! As we dive into the nuances of reporting speech and thoughts, you will discover how to convey what others have said or thought without quoting them directly. This skill is essential for effective communication in any language, allowing you to narrate stories, share experiences, and discuss others' opinions seamlessly.
 
In Northern Uzbek, indirect discourse can add depth and subtlety to your conversations, making your language richer and more expressive. Throughout this lesson, we will explore the structure and usage of indirect discourse, providing you with ample examples and opportunities to practice.


__TOC__
__TOC__


== Introduction ==
=== What is Indirect Discourse? ===
 
Indirect discourse, also known as reported speech, is a way of expressing what someone else has said or thought without using their exact words. Instead of quoting them directly, you can paraphrase their message while maintaining its original meaning.
 
For example:
 
* Direct Speech: "I am going to the market," she said.
 
* Indirect Discourse: She said that she was going to the market.
 
In Northern Uzbek, the transformation from direct to indirect discourse often involves changes in verb tense, pronouns, and sometimes the structure of the sentence itself.
 
=== Importance of Indirect Discourse in Northern Uzbek ===
 
Understanding indirect discourse is crucial for several reasons:
 
* '''Enhances Communication:''' It allows you to summarize conversations, making it easier to share information without overloading your listener with direct quotes.
 
* '''Cultural Relevance:''' In Northern Uzbek culture, storytelling often involves paraphrasing others, which means mastering this skill can help you connect more deeply with native speakers.
 
* '''Language Proficiency:''' Mastery of indirect discourse demonstrates a higher level of language proficiency, enabling more nuanced and sophisticated communication.
 
=== The Structure of Indirect Discourse ===
 
The structure of indirect discourse in Northern Uzbek generally follows this pattern:
 
1. '''Reporting Verb''': This is often a verb like "to say" (aytmoq) or "to think" (o'ylamoq).
 
2. '''Conjunction''': The word "that" (ki) is commonly used to introduce the reported speech.
 
3. '''Reported Clause''': The sentence that conveys the initial message, adjusted for tense and pronouns.
 
== Example Structure:


Welcome to the lesson on indirect discourse in Northern Uzbek! In this lesson, we will explore how to report speech and thought in indirect discourse or reported speech. This is an important topic as it allows us to convey what someone else has said or thought without quoting them directly. Mastering indirect discourse will greatly enhance your ability to communicate effectively in Northern Uzbek.
* Direct: Ota dedi: "Men ishga boryapman." (Father said: "I am going to work.")


In this comprehensive lesson, we will delve into the details of indirect discourse and provide numerous examples to illustrate each point. We will also explore any regional variations in the usage or understanding of indirect discourse and discuss interesting cultural facts related to the topic. To help you practice and apply what you have learned, we have included a series of exercises and scenarios. Solutions and explanations for these exercises will be provided to ensure thorough understanding.
* Indirect: Ota dedi ki, u ishga boryapti. (Father said that he is going to work.)


Let's begin our journey into the world of indirect discourse!
=== Key Changes in Indirect Discourse ===


== Understanding Indirect Discourse ==
When converting direct speech to indirect discourse, a few key changes usually occur:


Indirect discourse, also known as reported speech or thought, is used to convey what someone else has said or thought in a more indirect way. Instead of quoting their exact words, we summarize or paraphrase their speech or thought. This is a common construction in both spoken and written language, and it is important to master it to effectively communicate in various contexts.
* '''Pronouns''': Pronouns may change to match the perspective of the speaker.


When using indirect discourse, it is important to pay attention to verb tense, pronoun changes, and word order. These elements may change when reporting someone else's speech or thought. Let's explore each of these aspects in more detail.
* '''Tense''': The verb tense often shifts back (e.g., present to past).


=== Verb Tense in Indirect Discourse ===
* '''Time Indicators''': Words indicating time may need to be adjusted (e.g., "today" might change to "that day").


In indirect discourse, the verb tense may change depending on the relationship between the original statement and the reporting verb. There are three main patterns to consider:
=== Examples of Indirect Discourse ===


1. Present tense: When reporting a statement or thought that is still true at the time of reporting, the verb tense remains the same. For example:
Now, let's explore some examples to better understand how to implement indirect discourse in Northern Uzbek.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Northern Uzbek !! Pronunciation !! English
! Northern Uzbek !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| U dedi: "Men uyda emasman." || U dedi: "Men uyda emasman." || He said, "I am not home."
|-
| U dedi ki, u uyda emas. || U dedi ki, u uyda emas. || He said that he was not home.
|-
|-
| "Менинг нафасим кушти." || "Menijig nafasim kuşti." || "My breath is heavy."
|}


If we want to report this statement indirectly, we need to maintain the present tense:
| U aytadi: "Men yaxshi his qilyapman." || U aytadi: "Men yaxshi his qilyapman." || She says, "I feel good."


{| class="wikitable"
! Northern Uzbek !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Он дедики, "университетга кирмайман." || On dediki, "universitetga kirmayman." || He said, "I don't go to the university."
|}


2. Past tense: When reporting a statement or thought that was true in the past but may not be true at the time of reporting, we usually shift the verb tense back one step. For example:
| U aytadi ki, u yaxshi his qilyapti. || U aytadi ki, u yaxshi his qilyapti. || She says that she feels good.


{| class="wikitable"
! Northern Uzbek !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| "Мен бир китоб олиб кетдим." || "Men bir kitob olib ketdim." || "I took a book and left."
|}


If we want to report this statement indirectly, we need to shift the verb tense:
| U o'yladi: "Bu ish juda qiyin." || U o'yladi: "Bu ish juda qiyin." || He thought, "This task is very difficult."


{| class="wikitable"
! Northern Uzbek !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| У олиб кетгандей дедики, "университетга кирмайман." || U olib ketgandey dediki, "universitetga kirmayman." || He said, "I didn't go to the university."
|}


3. Conditional tense: When reporting a statement or thought that expresses a condition, we usually shift the verb tense to the past conditional. For example:
| U o'yladi ki, bu ish juda qiyin. || U o'yladi ki, bu ish juda qiyin. || He thought that this task was very difficult.


{| class="wikitable"
! Northern Uzbek !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| "Агар олиман, кечаси бармайман." || "Agar oliman, keçasi barmayman." || "If I am busy, I won't go tomorrow."
|}


If we want to report this statement indirectly, we need to use the past conditional:
| U dedi: "Men kechqurun kelaman." || U dedi: "Men kechqurun kelaman." || She said, "I will come in the evening."


{| class="wikitable"
! Northern Uzbek !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| У дедики, "агар олиман, кечаси бармайман." || U dediki, "agar oliman, keçasi barmayman." || He said, "If I am busy, I won't go tomorrow."
|}


=== Pronoun Changes in Indirect Discourse ===
| U dedi ki, u kechqurun keladi. || U dedi ki, u kechqurun keladi. || She said that she would come in the evening.


When reporting someone else's speech or thought, pronouns may change depending on the relationship between the original statement and the reporting verb. Let's look at some examples:
|-


1. First-person pronouns: When reporting a statement or thought made by the speaker themself, the first-person pronouns usually change according to the subject of the reporting verb. For example:
| U aytdi: "Biz buni bajaramiz." || U aytdi: "Biz buni bajaramiz." || He said, "We will do this."


{| class="wikitable"
! Northern Uzbek !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| "Мен сизга келдим." || "Men sizga keldim." || "I came to see you."
|}


If we want to report this statement indirectly, the first-person pronoun changes to match the subject of the reporting verb:
| U aytdi ki, ular buni bajarayotgan. || U aytdi ki, ular buni bajarayotgan. || He said that they were doing this.


{| class="wikitable"
! Northern Uzbek !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| У дедики, "у олга келди." || U dediki, "u olga keldi." || He said, "She came to see him."
|}


2. Second-person pronouns: When reporting a statement or thought directed at the listener, the second-person pronouns usually change according to the subject of the reporting verb. For example:
| U dedi: "Mening dostim menga yordam beradi." || U dedi: "Mening dostim menga yordam beradi." || She said, "My friend helps me."


{| class="wikitable"
! Northern Uzbek !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| "Сен менга киради." || "Sen menga kiradi." || "You will come to me."
|}


If we want to report this statement indirectly, the second-person pronoun changes to match the subject of the reporting verb:
| U dedi ki, uning dostlari unga yordam berishadi. || U dedi ki, uning dostlari unga yordam berishadi. || She said that her friends would help her.


{| class="wikitable"
! Northern Uzbek !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| У дедики, "у менга киради." || U dediki, "u menga kiradi." || He said, "She will come to me."
|}


3. Third-person pronouns: When reporting a statement or thought about someone other than the speaker or listener, the third-person pronouns usually remain the same. For example:
| U o'ylaydi: "U meni sevadi." || U o'ylaydi: "U meni sevadi." || He thinks, "She loves me."


{| class="wikitable"
! Northern Uzbek !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| "У олиман." || "U oliman." || "He is busy."
|}


If we want to report this statement indirectly, the third-person pronoun remains the same:
| U o'ylaydi ki, u uni sevadi. || U o'ylaydi ki, u uni sevadi. || He thinks that she loves him.


{| class="wikitable"
! Northern Uzbek !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| У дедики, "у олиман." || U dediki, "u oliman." || He said, "He is busy."
|}


=== Word Order in Indirect Discourse ===
| U yozadi: "Men kitob o'qiyapman." || U yozadi: "Men kitob o'qiyapman." || She writes, "I am reading a book."


In indirect discourse, the word order may change depending on the structure of the original statement. Let's look at some examples:
|-


1. Direct statement: When reporting a direct statement, the word order usually remains the same. For example:
| U yozadi ki, u kitob o'qiyotgan. || U yozadi ki, u kitob o'qiyotgan. || She writes that she is reading a book.


{| class="wikitable"
! Northern Uzbek !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| "Мен олиман." || "Men oliman." || "I am busy."
|}


If we want to report this statement indirectly, the word order remains the same:
| U dedi: "Men buni bilaman." || U dedi: "Men buni bilaman." || He said, "I know this."


{| class="wikitable"
! Northern Uzbek !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Олиман дедики, "у олиман." || Oliman dediki, "u oliman." || He said, "I am busy."
|}


2. Direct question: When reporting a direct question, the word order changes to a declarative structure. For example:
| U dedi ki, u buni biladi. || U dedi ki, u buni biladi. || He said that he knew this.


{| class="wikitable"
! Northern Uzbek !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| "Сиз келасизми?" || "Siz kelasizmi?" || "Are you coming?"
|}


If we want to report this question indirectly, the word order changes to a declarative structure:
| U so'radi: "Sen kelasanmi?" || U so'radi: "Sen kelasanmi?" || She asked, "Are you coming?"


{| class="wikitable"
! Northern Uzbek !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| У дедики, "у келадими?" || U dediki, "u keladimi?" || He said, "Are you coming?"
|}


3. Direct command: When reporting a direct command, the word order changes to an indirect structure with the reporting verb. For example:
| U so'radi ki, sen kelayapsanmi? || U so'radi ki, sen kelayapsanmi? || She asked if you were coming.


{| class="wikitable"
! Northern Uzbek !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| "Китобни ўқу!" || "Kitobni o'qu!" || "Read the book!"
|}


If we want to report this command indirectly, the word order changes with the reporting verb:
| U dedi: "Bu juda qiziqarli." || U dedi: "Bu juda qiziqarli." || He said, "This is very interesting."


{| class="wikitable"
! Northern Uzbek !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| У дедики, "китобни ўқу!" || U dediki, "kitobni o'qu!" || He said, "Read the book!"
 
| U dedi ki, bu juda qiziqarli. || U dedi ki, bu juda qiziqarli. || He said that this was very interesting.
 
|}
|}


By understanding these changes in verb tense, pronouns, and word order, you will be able to effectively report speech and thought in indirect discourse.
=== Practice Exercises ===


== Regional Variations in Indirect Discourse ==
Now that you have learned about indirect discourse, let's put your knowledge to the test! Below are exercises designed to help you practice converting direct speech into indirect discourse.


While the concept of indirect discourse remains the same across regions, there may be some variations in the usage or understanding of this construct in different parts of Northern Uzbekistan. Let's explore some of these regional differences:
=== Exercise 1: Convert Direct to Indirect Discourse ===


1. Samarkand dialect: In the Samarkand region, there is a preference for more formal and precise indirect discourse. The reporting verbs used are often more elaborate, and there is a tendency to maintain the original verb tense and word order as closely as possible.
Convert the following sentences from direct to indirect discourse.


2. Ferghana Valley dialect: In the Ferghana Valley, indirect discourse is often used more casually, with a greater emphasis on conveying the general meaning rather than maintaining strict verb tense or word order. There may also be variations in the choice of reporting verbs and pronoun changes.
1. U dedi: "Men yangi kitob sotib oldim." (He said, "I bought a new book.")


3. Karshi-Khanabad dialect: In the Karshi-Khanabad region, indirect discourse is often influenced by neighboring Turkic languages, such as Karakalpak and Kazakh. This can result in variations in word choice, sentence structure, and pronoun changes in reported speech or thought.
2. U aytdi: "Biz dam olishga boramiz." (She said, "We will go on vacation.")


These regional variations add richness and diversity to the usage of indirect discourse in Northern Uzbek. It is important to be aware of these differences when communicating with speakers from different regions.
3. U o'yladi: "Bu juda qiyin." (He thought, "This is very difficult.")


== Cultural Insights ==
4. U so'radi: "Siz buni bajara olasizmi?" (She asked, "Can you do this?")


Indirect discourse plays an important role in cultural communication in Northern Uzbekistan. It allows for more nuanced and polite conversations, as direct quotations can sometimes be perceived as too direct or confrontational. By using indirect discourse, speakers can convey their thoughts and opinions in a more respectful and tactful manner.
5. U dedi: "Mening onam pishirgan." (He said, "My mother cooked.")


In addition to its linguistic significance, indirect discourse also reflects cultural values and social norms. The choice of reporting verbs, the level of formality, and the use of pronoun changes can all convey subtle nuances of respect, hierarchy, and politeness in social interactions. By understanding and using indirect discourse appropriately, you can navigate the cultural landscape of Northern Uzbekistan more effectively.
=== Exercise 2: Identify Changes in Tense and Pronouns ===


== Practice Exercises ==
Identify the changes in tense and pronouns in the following examples.


Now it's time to practice what you've learned! Try the following exercises to reinforce your understanding of indirect discourse:
1. U dedi: "Men hozir kelyapman." (He said, "I am coming now.")


Exercise 1: Change the following direct statements into indirect discourse:
2. U o'yladi: "Bu ishni bajarmoqchiman." (She thought, "I want to do this task.")


1. "Мен оқуяпман." (Men o'quyapman.) - She said, "I am studying."
3. U dedi: "Biz buni bilmaymiz." (He said, "We do not know this.")


2. "Сен кимсан?" (Sen kimsan?) - He asked, "Who are you?"
4. U so'radi: "U keladi, to'g'rimi?" (She asked, "He is coming, right?")


3. "У китоб оқимайди." (U kitob o'qimaydi.) - They said, "He doesn't read books."
5. U dedi: "Mening do'stim menga yordam beradi." (He said, "My friend helps me.")


Exercise 2: Change the following direct questions into indirect discourse:
=== Exercise 3: Create Your Own Sentences ===


1. "Сиз келасизми?" (Siz kelasizmi?) - He asked if you are coming.
Create your own sentences in indirect discourse based on the following prompts:


2. "Учунчу факультетга кирсаманми?" (Uchunchu fakultetga kirsamanmi?) - She asked if I will enter the third faculty.
1. Your friend said they are going to a concert.


3. "Сен ким бўласан?" (Sen kim bo'lasan?) - They asked who you will become.
2. Your sister asked if you want to join her for lunch.


Exercise 3: Change the following direct commands into indirect discourse:
3. Your mother said she will call you tomorrow.


1. "Китобни ўқу!" (Kitobni o'qu!) - He commanded to read the book.
4. Your teacher said that the exam is next week.


2. "Мени ёрдам бер!" (Meni yordam ber!) - She instructed to help her.
5. Your colleague mentioned that the project is due soon.


3. "Уни ўлимай!" (Uni o'limay!) - They demanded not to touch it.
=== Exercise 4: Fill in the Blanks ===


== Solutions ==
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in indirect discourse.


Exercise 1:
1. U dedi ki, u ... (kelmoq) ... (He said that he is coming.)


1. Олиман дедики, "у оқуяпман." (Oliman dediki, "u o'quyapman.") - He said, "She is studying."
2. U o'yladi ki, bu ... (qiyin) ... (He thought that this is difficult.)


2. У кимсан дедики? (U kimsan dediki?) - She asked, "Who are you?"
3. U so'radi ki, siz ... (bajarmoq) ... (She asked if you can do it.)


3. Улар дедики, "у китобларни ўқимайди." (Ular dediki, "u kitoblarni o'qimaydi.") - They said, "He doesn't read books."
4. U dedi ki, men ... (bilmoq) ... (He said that he knows.)


Exercise 2:
5. U aytdi ki, ular ... (kelmoq) ... (She said that they are coming.)


1. У дедики, "сиз келасизми?" (U dediki, "siz kelasizmi?") - He asked if you are coming.
=== Exercise 5: Rewrite the Sentences ===


2. У дедики, "учунчу факультетга кирсаманми?" (U dediki, "uchunchu fakultetga kirsamanmi?") - He asked if I will enter the third faculty.
Rewrite the following sentences in indirect discourse.


3. Улар дедики, "сен ким бўласан?" (Ular dediki, "sen kim bo'lasan?") - They asked who you will become.
1. "Men o'qiyapman," dedi u. (She said, "I am reading.")


Exercise 3:
2. "Biz kelamiz," dedi ular. (They said, "We are coming.")


1. У дедики, "китобни ўқу!" (U dediki, "kitobni o'qu!") - He said, "Read the book!"
3. "U meni sevadi," dedi u. (He said, "She loves me.")


2. У дедики, "мени ёрдам бер!" (U dediki, "meni yordam ber!") - She said, "Help me!"
4. "Siz buni qila olmaysiz," dedi u. (He said, "You cannot do this.")


3. Улар дедики, "унини ўлимай!" (Ular dediki, "unini o'limay!") - They said, "Don't touch it!"
5. "Men bu haqda o'ylayman," dedi u. (She said, "I will think about this.")


== Conclusion ==
=== Answers and Explanations for Exercises ===


Congratulations on completing the lesson on indirect discourse in Northern Uzbek! You have learned how to report speech and thought in a more indirect way, using changes in verb tense, pronouns, and word order. Remember to consider regional variations in the usage and understanding of indirect discourse, as well as the cultural significance of this construct in Northern Uzbekistan.
'''Exercise 1 Solutions:'''


Continue practicing and applying what you have learned to further enhance your language skills. The ability to effectively use indirect discourse will greatly improve your communication in various contexts, both in Northern Uzbekistan and beyond.
1. U dedi ki, u yangi kitob sotib oldi.
 
2. U aytdi ki, ular dam olishga boradi.
 
3. U o'yladi ki, bu juda qiyin edi.
 
4. U so'radi ki, siz buni bajara olasizmi?
 
5. U dedi ki, uning onasi pishirdi.
 
'''Exercise 2 Solutions:'''
 
1. Tense: Present to past; Pronoun: "Men" to "u."
 
2. Tense: Present to past; Pronoun: "Men" to "u."
 
3. Tense: Present to past; Pronoun: "Biz" to "ular."
 
4. Tense: Present to past; Pronoun: "U" remains the same.
 
5. Tense: Present to past; Pronoun: "Mening" remains the same.
 
'''Exercise 3 Solutions:'''
 
(Students will create their own sentences, but here are examples.)
 
1. U dedi ki, u konsertga boradi.
 
2. U so'radi ki, men uning bilan tushlik qilishni xohlaymanmi.
 
3. U dedi ki, u meni ertaga chaqiradi.
 
4. U o'qituvchi dedi ki, imtihon keyingi hafta.
 
5. U hamkasb dedi ki, loyiha tez orada muddatli.
 
'''Exercise 4 Solutions:'''
 
1. U dedi ki, u kelmoqda.
 
2. U o'yladi ki, bu qiyin.
 
3. U so'radi ki, siz bajara olasizmi.
 
4. U dedi ki, men bilaman.
 
5. U aytdi ki, ular kelmoqda.
 
'''Exercise 5 Solutions:'''
 
1. U dedi ki, u o'qiyapti.
 
2. Ular dedi ki, ular keladi.
 
3. U dedi ki, u meni sevadi.
 
4. U dedi ki, siz buni qila olmaysiz.
 
5. U dedi ki, u bu haqda o'ylaydi.
 
In conclusion, mastering indirect discourse is a fantastic way to enhance your Northern Uzbek language skills. This lesson has equipped you with the tools to express thoughts and speech in a more nuanced manner. Keep practicing, and soon you will be able to use indirect discourse fluidly in your conversations!


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Latest revision as of 14:04, 1 August 2024

◀️ Relative Clauses — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Causative Constructions ▶️

Uzbek-Language-PolyglotClub.png
Northern Uzbek → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Indirect Discourse

Introduction

Welcome to this exciting lesson on Indirect Discourse in Northern Uzbek! As we dive into the nuances of reporting speech and thoughts, you will discover how to convey what others have said or thought without quoting them directly. This skill is essential for effective communication in any language, allowing you to narrate stories, share experiences, and discuss others' opinions seamlessly.

In Northern Uzbek, indirect discourse can add depth and subtlety to your conversations, making your language richer and more expressive. Throughout this lesson, we will explore the structure and usage of indirect discourse, providing you with ample examples and opportunities to practice.

What is Indirect Discourse?[edit | edit source]

Indirect discourse, also known as reported speech, is a way of expressing what someone else has said or thought without using their exact words. Instead of quoting them directly, you can paraphrase their message while maintaining its original meaning.

For example:

  • Direct Speech: "I am going to the market," she said.
  • Indirect Discourse: She said that she was going to the market.

In Northern Uzbek, the transformation from direct to indirect discourse often involves changes in verb tense, pronouns, and sometimes the structure of the sentence itself.

Importance of Indirect Discourse in Northern Uzbek[edit | edit source]

Understanding indirect discourse is crucial for several reasons:

  • Enhances Communication: It allows you to summarize conversations, making it easier to share information without overloading your listener with direct quotes.
  • Cultural Relevance: In Northern Uzbek culture, storytelling often involves paraphrasing others, which means mastering this skill can help you connect more deeply with native speakers.
  • Language Proficiency: Mastery of indirect discourse demonstrates a higher level of language proficiency, enabling more nuanced and sophisticated communication.

The Structure of Indirect Discourse[edit | edit source]

The structure of indirect discourse in Northern Uzbek generally follows this pattern:

1. Reporting Verb: This is often a verb like "to say" (aytmoq) or "to think" (o'ylamoq).

2. Conjunction: The word "that" (ki) is commonly used to introduce the reported speech.

3. Reported Clause: The sentence that conveys the initial message, adjusted for tense and pronouns.

== Example Structure:

  • Direct: Ota dedi: "Men ishga boryapman." (Father said: "I am going to work.")
  • Indirect: Ota dedi ki, u ishga boryapti. (Father said that he is going to work.)

Key Changes in Indirect Discourse[edit | edit source]

When converting direct speech to indirect discourse, a few key changes usually occur:

  • Pronouns: Pronouns may change to match the perspective of the speaker.
  • Tense: The verb tense often shifts back (e.g., present to past).
  • Time Indicators: Words indicating time may need to be adjusted (e.g., "today" might change to "that day").

Examples of Indirect Discourse[edit | edit source]

Now, let's explore some examples to better understand how to implement indirect discourse in Northern Uzbek.

Northern Uzbek Pronunciation English
U dedi: "Men uyda emasman." U dedi: "Men uyda emasman." He said, "I am not home."
U dedi ki, u uyda emas. U dedi ki, u uyda emas. He said that he was not home.
U aytadi: "Men yaxshi his qilyapman." U aytadi: "Men yaxshi his qilyapman." She says, "I feel good."
U aytadi ki, u yaxshi his qilyapti. U aytadi ki, u yaxshi his qilyapti. She says that she feels good.
U o'yladi: "Bu ish juda qiyin." U o'yladi: "Bu ish juda qiyin." He thought, "This task is very difficult."
U o'yladi ki, bu ish juda qiyin. U o'yladi ki, bu ish juda qiyin. He thought that this task was very difficult.
U dedi: "Men kechqurun kelaman." U dedi: "Men kechqurun kelaman." She said, "I will come in the evening."
U dedi ki, u kechqurun keladi. U dedi ki, u kechqurun keladi. She said that she would come in the evening.
U aytdi: "Biz buni bajaramiz." U aytdi: "Biz buni bajaramiz." He said, "We will do this."
U aytdi ki, ular buni bajarayotgan. U aytdi ki, ular buni bajarayotgan. He said that they were doing this.
U dedi: "Mening dostim menga yordam beradi." U dedi: "Mening dostim menga yordam beradi." She said, "My friend helps me."
U dedi ki, uning dostlari unga yordam berishadi. U dedi ki, uning dostlari unga yordam berishadi. She said that her friends would help her.
U o'ylaydi: "U meni sevadi." U o'ylaydi: "U meni sevadi." He thinks, "She loves me."
U o'ylaydi ki, u uni sevadi. U o'ylaydi ki, u uni sevadi. He thinks that she loves him.
U yozadi: "Men kitob o'qiyapman." U yozadi: "Men kitob o'qiyapman." She writes, "I am reading a book."
U yozadi ki, u kitob o'qiyotgan. U yozadi ki, u kitob o'qiyotgan. She writes that she is reading a book.
U dedi: "Men buni bilaman." U dedi: "Men buni bilaman." He said, "I know this."
U dedi ki, u buni biladi. U dedi ki, u buni biladi. He said that he knew this.
U so'radi: "Sen kelasanmi?" U so'radi: "Sen kelasanmi?" She asked, "Are you coming?"
U so'radi ki, sen kelayapsanmi? U so'radi ki, sen kelayapsanmi? She asked if you were coming.
U dedi: "Bu juda qiziqarli." U dedi: "Bu juda qiziqarli." He said, "This is very interesting."
U dedi ki, bu juda qiziqarli. U dedi ki, bu juda qiziqarli. He said that this was very interesting.

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now that you have learned about indirect discourse, let's put your knowledge to the test! Below are exercises designed to help you practice converting direct speech into indirect discourse.

Exercise 1: Convert Direct to Indirect Discourse[edit | edit source]

Convert the following sentences from direct to indirect discourse.

1. U dedi: "Men yangi kitob sotib oldim." (He said, "I bought a new book.")

2. U aytdi: "Biz dam olishga boramiz." (She said, "We will go on vacation.")

3. U o'yladi: "Bu juda qiyin." (He thought, "This is very difficult.")

4. U so'radi: "Siz buni bajara olasizmi?" (She asked, "Can you do this?")

5. U dedi: "Mening onam pishirgan." (He said, "My mother cooked.")

Exercise 2: Identify Changes in Tense and Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Identify the changes in tense and pronouns in the following examples.

1. U dedi: "Men hozir kelyapman." (He said, "I am coming now.")

2. U o'yladi: "Bu ishni bajarmoqchiman." (She thought, "I want to do this task.")

3. U dedi: "Biz buni bilmaymiz." (He said, "We do not know this.")

4. U so'radi: "U keladi, to'g'rimi?" (She asked, "He is coming, right?")

5. U dedi: "Mening do'stim menga yordam beradi." (He said, "My friend helps me.")

Exercise 3: Create Your Own Sentences[edit | edit source]

Create your own sentences in indirect discourse based on the following prompts:

1. Your friend said they are going to a concert.

2. Your sister asked if you want to join her for lunch.

3. Your mother said she will call you tomorrow.

4. Your teacher said that the exam is next week.

5. Your colleague mentioned that the project is due soon.

Exercise 4: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in indirect discourse.

1. U dedi ki, u ... (kelmoq) ... (He said that he is coming.)

2. U o'yladi ki, bu ... (qiyin) ... (He thought that this is difficult.)

3. U so'radi ki, siz ... (bajarmoq) ... (She asked if you can do it.)

4. U dedi ki, men ... (bilmoq) ... (He said that he knows.)

5. U aytdi ki, ular ... (kelmoq) ... (She said that they are coming.)

Exercise 5: Rewrite the Sentences[edit | edit source]

Rewrite the following sentences in indirect discourse.

1. "Men o'qiyapman," dedi u. (She said, "I am reading.")

2. "Biz kelamiz," dedi ular. (They said, "We are coming.")

3. "U meni sevadi," dedi u. (He said, "She loves me.")

4. "Siz buni qila olmaysiz," dedi u. (He said, "You cannot do this.")

5. "Men bu haqda o'ylayman," dedi u. (She said, "I will think about this.")

Answers and Explanations for Exercises[edit | edit source]

Exercise 1 Solutions:

1. U dedi ki, u yangi kitob sotib oldi.

2. U aytdi ki, ular dam olishga boradi.

3. U o'yladi ki, bu juda qiyin edi.

4. U so'radi ki, siz buni bajara olasizmi?

5. U dedi ki, uning onasi pishirdi.

Exercise 2 Solutions:

1. Tense: Present to past; Pronoun: "Men" to "u."

2. Tense: Present to past; Pronoun: "Men" to "u."

3. Tense: Present to past; Pronoun: "Biz" to "ular."

4. Tense: Present to past; Pronoun: "U" remains the same.

5. Tense: Present to past; Pronoun: "Mening" remains the same.

Exercise 3 Solutions:

(Students will create their own sentences, but here are examples.)

1. U dedi ki, u konsertga boradi.

2. U so'radi ki, men uning bilan tushlik qilishni xohlaymanmi.

3. U dedi ki, u meni ertaga chaqiradi.

4. U o'qituvchi dedi ki, imtihon keyingi hafta.

5. U hamkasb dedi ki, loyiha tez orada muddatli.

Exercise 4 Solutions:

1. U dedi ki, u kelmoqda.

2. U o'yladi ki, bu qiyin.

3. U so'radi ki, siz bajara olasizmi.

4. U dedi ki, men bilaman.

5. U aytdi ki, ular kelmoqda.

Exercise 5 Solutions:

1. U dedi ki, u o'qiyapti.

2. Ular dedi ki, ular keladi.

3. U dedi ki, u meni sevadi.

4. U dedi ki, siz buni qila olmaysiz.

5. U dedi ki, u bu haqda o'ylaydi.

In conclusion, mastering indirect discourse is a fantastic way to enhance your Northern Uzbek language skills. This lesson has equipped you with the tools to express thoughts and speech in a more nuanced manner. Keep practicing, and soon you will be able to use indirect discourse fluidly in your conversations!

Table of Contents - Northern Uzbek Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Introduction to Northern Uzbek


Basic Sentence Structures


Everyday Life


Verbs and Tenses


Northern Uzbek Culture


Advanced Vocabulary and Expressions


Advanced Grammar Concepts


Regional Dialects and Accents


Northern Uzbek Literature


Advanced Sentence Structures


Northern Uzbek Cuisine


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Relative Clauses — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Causative Constructions ▶️

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