Difference between revisions of "Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Common-Han-Characters:-四-Wiktionary"

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(Created page with "{{Common-Han-Characters}} {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !character !English zh [ld:sounds ls:tags,s:zh-pron] !English zh [ld:senses ls:glosses] !English ja [ld:head_templates s:expansion] !English ja [ld:senses ls:glosses] !English ko [ld:head_templates s:expansion] !English ko [ld:senses ls:glosses] !English vi [ld:head_templates s:expansion] !character |- |万 |Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mak⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maak⁶ |O...")
 
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!character
!character
!English zh [s:etymology_text]
!English zh [ld:sounds ls:tags,s:zh-pron]
!English zh [ld:sounds ls:tags,s:zh-pron]
!English zh [ld:senses ls:glosses]
!English zh [ld:senses ls:glosses]
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!English ko [ld:senses ls:glosses]
!English ko [ld:senses ls:glosses]
!English vi [ld:head_templates s:expansion]
!English vi [ld:head_templates s:expansion]
!English ko [ld:senses ls:glosses]
!character
!character
|-
|-
|万
|丐
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mak⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maak⁶
|Characters in the same phonetic series (丐) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Corruption of 匄.
|Only used in 万俟 (Mòqí).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : koi³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : goi³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kài • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kat • Middle-Chinese : kajH
| ‖ 万(まん) • (man) ‖ 万(ばん) • (ban) ‖ 万(ばん) • (ban-) ‖ 万(よろず) • (yorozu) ^(←よろづ (yorodu)?)
|to beg for alms • to give • beggar • a surname
|ten thousand, myriad • various, many, all ‖ ten thousand, myriad ‖ (followed by a negative) even if, never • (followed by a negative) no matter what ‖ many • all ‖ ten thousand • a large number • all, everything
|万 (eumhun 일 만 (il man))
|Alternative form of 萬.
|Alternative form of 萬.
|万
|-
|与
|
|
|beggar • beg • give
|丐 (eumhun 빌 개 (bil gae))
|
|
|canonical : 丐: Hán Việt readings: cái 丐: Nôm readings: cái • canonical : gái
|
|
|bestow, impart, award, grant, give • participate in • provide • cause • gift • godsend
|丐
|与 (eumhun 줄 여 (jul yeo))
|-
|Alternative form of 與 (“Hanja form of 여 (“give; participate”).”)
|並
|From the clerical script (隸書) of 竝 (OC *beːŋʔ), originally depicting two people standing side-by-side. ‖ From the clerical script (隸書) of 竝 (OC *beːŋʔ), originally depicting two people standing side-by-side.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bing⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bing³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pīng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pǐng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phīng • Middle-Chinese : bengX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bong⁶
|to be side by side; to be in a row • simultaneously; at the same time • Used before a negative for emphasis; actually; in fact • and; moreover; furthermore • (Southern Min) than • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to compete; to match one's strength with • (Taiwanese Hokkien) the most • (～母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 並 (MC bengX) ‖ Alternative form of 傍 (“to be near; approaching”)
| ‖ 並(なみ) • (nami) ‖ 並(なみ) • (-nami)
| ‖ something medium, average, common, ordinary • a row or line of things ‖ average, medium
|並 (eumhun 나란히 병 (naranhi byeong)) · 並 (eumhun 아우를 병 (aureul byeong)) · 並 (eumhun 곁 방 (gyeot bang)) · 並 (eumhun 땅 이름 반 (ttang ireum ban))
|hanja form of 병 (“side by side, together, in order”) • hanja form of 병 (“combine, annex”) • hanja form of 방 (“side, vicinity”) • hanja form of 반 (“used in place names”)
|Hán-Nôm : tịnh
|
|
|与
|並
|-
|-
|丕
|丫
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phi ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄨˋ
|Appeared c. 1000, much later than the alternative forms. \ Pictogram (象形) . A fork in a branch or path.
|large; grand • to act on; to follow • A particle. • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 不 • Used in 可丕丕 (“heart beating”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aa¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : a • Middle-Chinese : 'ae
|bifurcation; fork • forked • (Beijing Mandarin, colloquial, derogatory) he; she • (Beijing Mandarin, colloquial) A derogatory appositive attached to second- and third-person pronouns.
|
|
|large; grand
|bifurcation • fork
|丕 (eumhun 클 비 (keul bi))
|丫 (eumhun 가닥 아 (gadak a))
|Hanja form of 비 (“large; grand”).
|chữ Hán form of phi (“large; grand”). • Nôm form of vầy (“such; like this”). • Nôm form of vậy (“so; thus”).
|丕
|-
|丞
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sing⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sîng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cing²
|to assist, to aid • (archaic) a low-level assistant to the governor of a county • Alternative form of 承 • a surname ‖ Original form of 拯 (zhěng, “to rescue”).
|
|
|to help, to rescue
|Hán-Nôm : a • Hán-Nôm : nha
|丞 (eumhun 도울 승 (doul seung)) ‖ 丞 (eumhun 구원할 증 (guwonhal jeung))
|(archaic) Hanja form of 승 (“help”). ‖ (obsolete) Alternative form of 拯 (“Hanja form of 증 (“help”).”)
|
|
|丞
|丫
|-
|-
|丟
|乍
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : diu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiu
|Pictogram (象形) – an axe chopping wood. Original form of 柞. ‖
|to lose; to misplace • to be missing; to be lost • to throw; to cast; to toss; to discard • to put aside; to dismiss • (archaic) to orgasm; to cum
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsà • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsèe • Middle-Chinese : dzraeH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsànn
|suddenly • at first • (Eastern Min) just; exactly • (Eastern Min) only a short while ago; just ‖ (Southern Min) to deep-fry slightly
|
|
|to discard, to lose, to reject
|Although
|丟 (eumhun 아주 갈 주 (aju gal ju))
|乍 (eumhun 잠깐 사 (jamkkan sa))
|(for) a short time
|Hán-Nôm : chạ • Hán-Nôm : sạ • Hán-Nôm : cha • Hán-Nôm : sã • Hán-Nôm : chả
|
|
|乍
|-
|乒
|
|
|丟
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bing¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ping¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phin • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phín • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phing
|-
|(onomatopoeia) ping! • Short for 乒乓球 (pīngpāngqiú, “ping pong; table tennis”).
|丢
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|chữ Hán form of đâu (“(alternative form of 丟) lost, misplaced”). • Nôm form of đâu (“where, not, negation marker”).
|乒
|丢
|-
|-
|么
|乓
| ‖
| ‖
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bam¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phóng
|(onomatopoeia) pang!, pong!, bang!
|
|
|么 • (yo) · 么 • (yo) (hangeul 요, revised yo, McCune–Reischauer yo)
|
|
|
|
|么
|-
|乩
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei¹
|method of divination involving planchette writing • Alternative form of 稽 (“to divine”)
|
|
|to divine; alternative form of 卟 or 稽.
|Hán-Nôm : bang
|乩 • (gye) · 乩 • (gye) (hangeul 계, revised gye, McCune–Reischauer kye)
|
|
|乓
|-
|乖
|
|
|乩
|Cantonese · Jyutping : gwaai¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄞ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuai • Middle-Chinese : kweaj
|-
|clever; alert • (usually of a child or animal) well-behaved; docile; obedient; nice; untroublesome • (literary, or in compounds) to violate; to rebel • (literary, or in compounds) to separate; to split • (literary, or in compounds) to break off; to cut off • (literary, or in compounds) difference; mistake • (literary, or in compounds) unnatural; strange • (Sichuanese, Xiang) beautiful
|乱
|
|
|to diverge, to disobey, to go against
|乖 (eumhun 어그러질 괴 (eogeureojil goe))
|
|
| ‖ 乱(らん) • (ran)
|Hán-Nôm : quai • Hán-Nôm : quay
|chaos, disorder • disorderly ‖ chaos, disorder • revolt, rebellion
|
|
|乖
|-
|亂
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roːns) : phonetic 𤔔 (*[r]ˁo[n]-s) + semantic 乚. The left-side component 𤔔 is itself ideogrammatic, depicting the effort to comb a tangle of threads, hence the semantic link to order and disorder. \ Area word of Austroasiatic origin. Compare Khmer ប្រួល (pruəl, “changing; unstable”) < Khmer រួល (ruəl, “to cook; to grill”), and also Khmer កំរោល (kɑmraol, “to go berserk; to become excited”) < Khmer រោល (rool, “to burn; to roast”) (Schuessler, 2007). Burmese ရုန်း (run:, “to struggle, to warp, to cause chaos”) and Tibetan ཁྲལ་ཁྲུལ (khral khrul, “fragments; scattered”) are Austroasiatic loans. Compare also Vietnamese lộn (“to turn the inside out, upside down, to reverse, to return, etc.”) and trộn (“to mix; to blend; to turn upside down”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roːns) : phonetic 𤔔 (*[r]ˁo[n]-s) + semantic 乚. The left-side component 𤔔 is itself ideogrammatic, depicting the effort to comb a tangle of threads, hence the semantic link to order and disorder. \ Area word of Austroasiatic origin. Compare Khmer ប្រួល (pruəl, “changing; unstable”) < Khmer រួល (ruəl, “to cook; to grill”), and also Khmer កំរោល (kɑmraol, “to go berserk; to become excited”) < Khmer រោល (rool, “to burn; to roast”) (Schuessler, 2007). Burmese ရုန်း (run:, “to struggle, to warp, to cause chaos”) and Tibetan ཁྲལ་ཁྲུལ (khral khrul, “fragments; scattered”) are Austroasiatic loans. Compare also Vietnamese lộn (“to turn the inside out, upside down, to reverse, to return, etc.”) and trộn (“to mix; to blend; to turn upside down”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luān • Middle-Chinese : lwanH ‖
|disorderly; chaotic • unstable; volatile; turbulent • unrest; uprising; revolt; rebellion • confused; befuddled • distraught; upset • promiscuous • wildly; in an uncontrolled way; without order or reason; at random; haphazardly; having no direction or coherence; recklessly; arbitrarily • to obscure; to blur; to mix up • to destroy; to ruin; to throw into disorder; to upset • (obsolete, literary, music or poetry) coda; finale; conclusion of a piece • (Classical) to administer; to govern; to manage • (rare and obsolete) to cross a body of water ‖ (Teochew) casually; as one pleases
|
|
|turbulent
|亂 (eumhun 어지러울 란 (eojireoul ran), word-initial (South Korea) 어지러울 난 (eojireoul nan))
|hanja form of 란/난 (“confusion, state of chaos”) • hanja form of 란/난 (“create chaos, revolt”)
|Hán-Nôm : loạn • Hán-Nôm : trộn • Hán-Nôm : lộn
|
|
|乱
|亂
|-
|-
|争
|些
| ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sia • Hokkien · Tai-lo : se • Middle-Chinese : sjae ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : so³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sai³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : so¹ • Middle-Chinese : saH • Middle-Chinese : sejH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄛ
|some; a few; a little; a bit (an indefinite amount) • (used after adjectives and certain verbs) a bit; a bit more • rather; somewhat • (archaic) A modal particle. ‖ A modal particle. • (figurative) fu (poetry) • ^‡ can; be able to • ^‡ what • ^‡ this ‖ ^‡ to decrease
|
|
|a few, a little; some • sometimes
|些 (eum 사 (sa))
|little
|Hán-Nôm : ta • Hán-Nôm : tá
|chữ Hán form of ta (“I; me; we; us”).
|些
|-
|亞
|Pictogram (象形) : an overhead view of a construction, likely a 亞-shaped tomb. \ Probably from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔrak (“inferior; dependent”), whence Tibetan རག (rag, “to depend on; subject; subservient; dependent”) (Bodman, 1980; Coblin, 1986). \ Karlgren (1957) connects it to 惡 (OC *qaːɡ, “evil”), but Schuessler (2007) considers this to be unlikely due to the semantics. \ The shangsheng pronunciation in Mandarin (yǎ) is a result of influence from the pronunciation of 啞／哑 (yǎ), whose written form contains 亞 as a component (Fu, 1958). ‖  ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : a • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : à • Middle-Chinese : 'aeH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : a ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aa³ ‖
|^† a house (four walls & windows, seen from above) • second; inferior • Alternative form of 婭／娅 • a surname ‖ (～洲) Short for 亞細亞／亚细亚 (Yàxìyà, “Asia”). ‖ (chiefly dialectal) Alternative form of 阿 (“kinship prefix”) ‖ (Nanning Pinghua) this
| ‖
|rank • follow • sub- prefix ‖
|亞 (eumhun 버금 아 (beogeum a)) ‖ 亞 • (A) (hangeul 아)
|hanja form of 아 (“second; sub-”) • hanja form of 아 (“ranking next; coming after”) • hanja form of 아 (“Asia (abbreviation)”) • hanja form of 아 (“used as a prefix to names”) ‖ (in headlines) Short for 亞細亞아세아 (Asea, “Asia”).
|Hán-Nôm : á • Hán-Nôm : a
|Asia • Asiatic
|亞
|-
|亨
|Pictogram (象形) . An ancestral shrine. ‖ Pictogram (象形) . An ancestral shrine. ‖ Pictogram (象形) . An ancestral shrine.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hang¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hing • Middle-Chinese : xaeng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paang¹ • Middle-Chinese : phjaeng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄤˇ • Middle-Chinese : xjangX
|smoothly progressing; prosperous • (physics) Short for 亨利 (hēnglì, “henry”). • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 烹 (pēng) ‖ Alternative form of 享 (xiǎng)
| ‖ 亨(とおる) • (Tōru)
|pass through • go smoothly ‖ a male given name
|亨 • (hyeong, paeng) · 亨 • (hyeong, paeng) (hangeul 형, 팽, revised hyeong, paeng, McCune–Reischauer hyŏng, p'aeng)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : Hưởng
|
|
|conflict; quarrel
|亨
|-
|亮
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raŋs) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 京 (OC *kraŋ, “building; tower”). \ Part of an Austroasiatic word family; compare Khmer [script needed] (-rāṃṅa, “to be light; to be bright”) (Schuessler, 2007), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *raaŋʔ (“light; to shine”); as well as: \ :* ស្រាំង (srang, “to be pale; to be colourless”) with 爽 (OC *sraŋʔ), \ :* [script needed] (brāṅa, “to grow light (after dark)”) with 炳 (OC *praŋʔ). \ :* បំព្រាង (bɑmpriəng, “to shed a pale light”) with 明 (OC *mraŋ). \ Alternatively, STEDT compares it to Proto-Kuki-Chin *klaaŋ-I, *klaan-II (“to shine; light; bright”).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : loeng⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄤˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄤˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liāng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liōng • Middle-Chinese : ljangH
|bright; brilliant; radiant • loud and clear • (dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Wu, Xiang) lamp; light • to shine; to illuminate • (neologism) to be the highlight; to be epic • to make one's voice loud and clear; to raise one's voice • to reveal; to disclose • a surname
| ‖ 亮(りょう) • (Ryō) ^(←りやう (ryau)?) · 亮(あきら) • (Akira)
|clear • help ‖ a male given name • a male given name
|亮 (eum 량 (ryang))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : lượng • Hán-Nôm : lương
|
|
|
|亮
|争
|-
|-
|亙
|什
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄣˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gang² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kìng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khìng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiàn
| ‖  ‖  ‖
|(of space or time) to extend all the way; to stretch • ^† continuous; complete • ^† completely; thoroughly • a surname
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄣˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sam⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sím ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sap⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaap⁶ • Middle-Chinese : dzyip ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄚˊ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : siánn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sánn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siannh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sannh
|Only used in 什麼／什么 (shénme). ‖ (census) ten families • troop of ten men • set of ten poems • Alternative form of 十 (shí, “ten”), usually used in fractions or multiples. • miscellaneous; assorted • Alternative form of 雜／杂 (zá) • a surname ‖ Only used in 通什. ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 啥 (“what”)
|
|
|request
|(financial, obsolete) ten
|亙 (eum 긍 (geung))
|什 • (sip, jip) · 什 • (sip, jip) (hangeul 십, 집, revised sip, jip, McCune–Reischauer sip, chip)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : thập • Hán-Nôm : lặt • Hán-Nôm : thậm
|
|
|亙
|什
|-
|-
|亟
|仆
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gik¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei³
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰoːɡs, *pʰus, *pʰoɡs, *bɯːɡ, *pʰoːɡ) : semantic 人 + phonetic 卜 (OC *poːɡ).
|urgently • urgent; pressing ‖ repeatedly; frequently
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : puk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phak • Middle-Chinese : phjuH • Middle-Chinese : phjuwH • Middle-Chinese : phuwH • Middle-Chinese : bok
|to fall forward • to lie prostrate; prone
|
|
|sudden
|亟 • (geuk, gi) · 亟 • (geuk, gi) (hangeul 극, 기, revised geuk, gi, McCune–Reischauer kŭk, ki, Yale kuk, ki)
|
|
|仆 (eum 부 (bu))
|
|
|亟
|Hán-Nôm : bộc • Hán-Nôm : phó
|
|仆
|-
|-
|仃
|仇
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ding¹
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡu) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 九 (OC *kuʔ) – spouse. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡu) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 九 (OC *kuʔ) – spouse.
|Only used in 伶仃 (língdīng) and 仃伶.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄡˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siû • Middle-Chinese : gjuw ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiû • Middle-Chinese : gjuw
|hatred; enmity; resentment • enemy; foe; adversary • to make reprisals; to retaliate • to proofread; to check against the original ‖ companion; peer • spouse; mate • a surname
| ‖ 仇(あだ) • (ada) ‖ 仇(かたき) • (kataki)
| ‖ foe, enemy ‖ Alternative form of 敵
|仇 (eum 구 (gu))
|enemy • hate, hatred • enmity
|Hán-Nôm : cừu
|
|
|仇
|-
|仍
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njɯŋ) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 乃 (OC *nɯːʔ). \ ; “to be done repeatedly; as before”
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiông • Middle-Chinese : nying
|to follow; to do the same as • to continue; to be done repeatedly • frequently; repeatedly • the eighth generation; numerous (descendants) • still; yet • thus; as a result • a surname
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|仍 (eum 잉 (ing))
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|Hán-Nôm : nhưng • Hán-Nôm : nhăng • Hán-Nôm : nhang • Hán-Nôm : những • Hán-Nôm : dưng • Hán-Nôm : dừng • Hán-Nôm : nhẳng • Hán-Nôm : nhùng
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|仃
|仍
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|仄
|仔
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄜˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zak¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tseh ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : zik¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cek¹
|Characters in the same phonetic series (子) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔslɯ, *ʔslɯʔ) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 子 (OC *ʔslɯʔ) \ Cognate with 子 (OC *ʔslɯʔ) and 崽 (OC *ʔslɯːʔ, *srɯː, *srɯː). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (子) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔslɯ, *ʔslɯʔ) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 子 (OC *ʔslɯʔ) \ Cognate with 子 (OC *ʔslɯʔ) and 崽 (OC *ʔslɯːʔ, *srɯː, *srɯː). ‖ Hokkien á is a weak form of 囝 (kiáⁿ, káⁿ), as evidenced in older, less reduced forms such as giá (Dictionario Hispanico Sinicum; 彚音妙悟) or iá (Dictionario Hispanico Sinicum; Medhurst, 1832). (Mandarin and Cantonese pronunciations in words borrowed from Southern Min are from etymology 1.) ‖ Hokkien á is a weak form of 囝 (kiáⁿ, káⁿ), as evidenced in older, less reduced forms such as giá (Dictionario Hispanico Sinicum; 彚音妙悟) or iá (Dictionario Hispanico Sinicum; Medhurst, 1832). (Mandarin and Cantonese pronunciations in words borrowed from Southern Min are from etymology 1.) ‖ Weak form of 佮 (kah, kap, “and”). ‖ Weak form of 百 (pah, “hundred”). ‖ Weak form of 旦 (tòaⁿ, “dawn”). ‖ (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) ‖ Cognate with 載 (OC *ʔslɯːʔ, *ʔslɯːs, *zlɯːs, “to load; to carry”). ‖ From 著／着.
|slanting; oblique • narrow • uneasy; worried • oblique tone • Alternative form of 側／侧 (“side”) • (dialectal) to raise (cause to rise) • (loanword, Mainland China) zepto- (SI unit prefix) ‖ (Cantonese, dated) cheque
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsír • Middle-Chinese : tsiX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄞˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄞˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zai² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : á ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiánn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kánn ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : á ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : á • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ah ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : á • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nà ‖  ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsi ‖
|(domesticated animals or fowls) young • meticulous; fine • (Taiwan) Alternative form of 籽 (zǐ, “seed”) ‖ (Cantonese, dialectal Hakka, Shehua) son (Classifier: 個／个 c; 粒 c) • (Cantonese) child • (Cantonese, slang) boyfriend (Classifier: 條／条 c) • (Cantonese, slang) (young) male (Classifier: 條／条 c; 隻／只 c) • (Cantonese, dialectal Hakka, Northern Min) Diminutive suffix. · Denotes a young male of a particular trait. • (Cantonese, dialectal Hakka, Northern Min) Diminutive suffix. · Denotes a young male of a particular occupation or background, often demeaningly. • (Cantonese, dialectal Hakka, Northern Min) Diminutive suffix. · Used to call somebody affectionately. (For names, it is only used for males.) • (Cantonese, dialectal Hakka, Northern Min) Diminutive suffix. · Demeaningly denotes somebody of a particular occupation or position. • (Cantonese, dialectal Hakka, Northern Min) Diminutive suffix. · Denotes a young animal. • (Cantonese, dialectal Hakka, Northern Min) Diminutive suffix. · Denotes something that is small in size. • (Cantonese, dialectal Hakka, Northern Min) Diminutive suffix. · Denotes the younger sibling of one's spouse. • (Cantonese, dialectal Hakka, Northern Min) Diminutive suffix. · Used with single-syllable nouns without denoting a specific meaning. • (Cantonese) Used after a classifier to indicate that something is small in size and/or quantity. • (Cantonese, slang, neologism) Suffix placed after a verb or adjective to sound cute and affectionate. ‖ a diminutive suffix for nouns, adjectives or quantities • a suffix that converts a verb or adjective into a noun • a suffix placed after a name or title, used endearingly, humorously or pejoratively ‖ Alternative form of 囝, especially when used as a suffix. ‖ (Southern Min) An interfix placed between two nouns to show the relationship between the two objects. ‖ (Southern Min) An interfix placed between two numbers to denote the value of 100, i.e. x 仔 y = 100x + 10y. ‖ (Southern Min) An interfix used limitedly in certain temporal location adverbs. ‖ a suffix used after nouns • a suffix that makes a derogatory slur ‖ Only used in 仔肩 (zījiān). ‖ Used to show a verb has been completed before the last verb of a sentence, often in a sequence of events. • Used to indicate the present perfective.
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|be seen dimly • suggest, intimate, hint • faint • stupid
|offspring (animal) • detailed, fine
|仄 (eum 측 (cheuk))
|仔 (eum 자 (ja))
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|(linguistics, poetry, of a tone) being neither the ngang or huyền tone • (poetry, of a rhyme) carrying a trắc tone
|Hán-Nôm : tử • Hán-Nôm : tể
|仄
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|仔
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|仞
|仗
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan⁶
|Derived from 杖 (OC *daŋʔ) "cane, staff", with suffix *-s → *-h → 去聲／去声 (qùshēng), attested in Zuozhuan as 杖 (zhàng) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for etymology.
|(historical) a unit of measure, which had been defined to be 8 chi, 7 chi, 5 chi 6 cun, and 4 chi • to fathom; to measure depth or height • Alternative form of 刃 (rèn, “blade; sword; knife”) • Alternative form of 牣 (rèn, “to fill; full”) • Alternative form of 認／认 (rèn, “to recognize”) • Alternative form of 忍 (rěn, “to endure”) • Alternative form of 韌／韧 (rèn, “strong, tough”) • (historical) a place in Chu during the Spring and Autumn period
|Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄤˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiǒng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiāng • Middle-Chinese : drjangX • Middle-Chinese : drjangH
| ‖ 仞(じん) • (jin)
|weaponry; weapons; arms • to hold a weapon • war; battle • (obsolete) guard; escort • to depend; to rely
| ‖ ren, ancient Chinese unit of measure
| ‖ 仗(つえ) • (tsue) ^(←つゑ (twe)?) ‖ 仗(つわもの) • (tsuwamono) ^(←つはもの (tufamono)?) ‖ 仗(まわり) • (mawari) ^(←まはり (mafari)?) ‖ 仗(じょう) • (jō) ^(←ぢやう (dyau)?)
|仞 (eum 인 (in))
| ‖ Alternative spelling of 杖 (“a cane, a crook, a walking stick”) ‖ Alternative spelling of 兵 (“weaponry; a soldier, a warrior; a courageous person, a brave; someone who is very confident, even obstinate”) ‖ Alternative spelling of 回り, etc.: surroundings; around; turning ‖ military strength • reliable, dependable
|仗 (eum 장 (jang))
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|Hán-Nôm : trượng • Hán-Nôm : dượng
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|仞
|仗
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|仟
|份
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cin¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshing
|(historical) leader of one thousand men • (financial) Alternative form of 千 (“thousand”) • Alternative form of 阡 (“footpath between fields going north/south”) • Alternative form of 芊 (“lush (vegetation)”)
| ‖ 仟(せん) • (sen)
| ‖ (financial, archaic) thousand
|仟 • (cheon) · 仟 • (cheon) (hangeul 천, revised cheon, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏn)
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan⁶⁻² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hūn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hùn
|share; part; portion • duty • degree; extent; level; standard • Classifier for things that are part of a whole.; part; portion • Classifier for servings. • Classifier for copies, documents, newspapers, periodicals.; copy • (colloquial, used with erhua) Classifier for appearances or states. • Suffix used after 省, 縣／县, 年, 月, etc.
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|仟
|portion • part • duty
|份 (eum 빈 (bin))
|portion • part • duty
|Hán-Nôm : phần • Hán-Nôm : phân
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|份
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|仳
|仿
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pî ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei⁴
| ‖
|(literary) to part; to leave each other • to distinguish; to tell apart • Alternative form of 比 ‖ Only used in 仳倠.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fong² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hóng • Middle-Chinese : phjangX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pong⁴
|to imitate • to resemble; to be similar • characters written after a calligraphy model • a surname: Fang ‖ Alternative form of 彷 (“to waver”)
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|imitate • copy • as if • stand still • wander
|仿 (eum 방 (bang))
|imitate • similar to
|Hán-Nôm : phảng • Hán-Nôm : phẳng • Hán-Nôm : phàng • Hán-Nôm : phần • Hán-Nôm : phỏng
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|仳 (eum 비 (bi))
|仿
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|伊
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qlil) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 尹 (OC *ɢʷlinʔ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(h)i ~ *(h)aj (“this; here”). Cognate with Burmese ဤ (i, “this”). ‖ From 渠 (MC gjo, “he; she; it”). \ In Southern Sixian Hakka: /ki/ → /i/. \ In Wu (You, 1995): /ɡ-/ → /dʑ-/ → /ɦ-/ ( → /ʔ-/).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : i • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ī • Middle-Chinese : 'jij ‖
|(literary) this; that • (literary, formal or Coastal Min) he, him; she, her; it • (literary) you (singular) • (～水, ～河) Yi River (a tributary of the Luo River in Henan, China) • a surname • Short for 伊拉克 (Yīlākè, “Iraq”). • Short for 伊朗 (Yīlǎng, “Iran”). ‖ (Southern Sixian Hakka, Wu) he, him; she, her; it
| ‖ 伊(い) • (I) ‖ 伊(い) • (i)
| ‖ Short for イタリア (Italia, “Italy”). ‖ Short for 伊太利 (Italia, “Italy”). • Short for 伊賀 (Iga, “Iga”).
|伊 (eumhun 저 이 (jeo i))
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|canonical : 伊: Hán Việt readings: y 伊: Nôm readings: y • canonical : ì
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|仳
|伊
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|伉
|伍
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kong³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄤ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄤˇ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːʔ) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 五 (OC *ŋaːʔ). Also ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) . ‖ From 亻 (denoting one octave higher in Kunqu) + 五 (wǔ).
|(literary) to match; to be equal to • (literary) tall; strong • high; tall • upright • arrogant; haughty • (Wenzhounese) and • Alternative form of 抗 (kàng, “to resist”) • a surname ‖ upright ‖ (historical) A person's name.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : góo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gǒo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gōo • Middle-Chinese : nguX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˇ
|troop of five soldiers • (figuratively) military • ally; company • (financial) Alternative form of 五 (“five”) • a surname: Wu, Woo, Ng, or Eng ‖ (music) Kunqu gongche notation for the note high la (6̇).
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|(financial, dated) five • five (mahjong)
|伍 (eumhun 다섯사람 오 (daseotsaram o))
|hanja form of 오 (“five”)
|Hán-Nôm : ngũ
|five
|伍
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|伙
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲) and ideogrammic compound (會意): semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 火/ semantic 火.
|Cantonese · Jyutping : fo² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄛˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hónn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hér • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hé • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hué
|companion; colleague • group of such people • Classifier for groups of people. • jointly • meal; food • (Hong Kong) Classifier for flats or families. • a surname
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|伉 • (hang) · 伉 • (hang) (hangeul 항, revised hang, McCune–Reischauer hang)
|companion; colleague; utensils
|伙 (eum 화 (hwa))
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|Hán-Nôm : lõa • Hán-Nôm : loã • Hán-Nôm : hỏa • Hán-Nôm : hoả • Hán-Nôm : hõa • Hán-Nôm : hoã • Hán-Nôm : lỏa • Hán-Nôm : loả
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|伉
|伙
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|伕
|估
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu¹
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːʔ) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 古 (OC *kaːʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːʔ) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 古 (OC *kaːʔ).
|Alternative form of 夫 (“husband”) • Alternative form of 夫 (“common laborer”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kóo • Middle-Chinese : kuX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gu³
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|to estimate (an amount, value, etc.) • (Cantonese) to guess • (literary) price • (literary) merchant; businessperson ‖ Only used in 估衣 (gùyi, “secondhand clothes for sale”).
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|估 (eum 고 (go))
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|Hán-Nôm : cô • Hán-Nôm : cố
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|伕
|估
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|会
|伶
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːŋ) : semantic 人 (“man; person”) + phonetic 令 (OC *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : líng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Middle-Chinese : leng
|(historical) court musician; performer • (dated) actor • solitary; lonely • clever • a surname
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|clever • actor • smart
|伶 (eum 령 (ryeong))
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| ‖ 会(かい) • (kai) ^(←くわい (kwai)?) ‖ 会(かい) • (-kai) ^(←くわい (kwai)?) ‖ 会(え) • (e) ^(←ゑ (we)?)
|Hán-Nôm : rành • Hán-Nôm : lanh • Hán-Nôm : linh • Hán-Nôm : nhanh • Hán-Nôm : rảnh • Hán-Nôm : ranh • Hán-Nôm : rình • Hán-Nôm : lánh
| ‖ meeting, gathering • society, association, club ‖ meeting • party; function ‖ gathering; meeting • perceive; understand; comprehend • Alternative form of 絵 (e, “picture; drawing; painting”)
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|伶
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|佃
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tin⁴ • Middle-Chinese : den ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : din⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tān • Middle-Chinese : denH
|(literary) to till; to cultivate • (literary) Alternative form of 畋 (tián, “to hunt”) ‖ to rent and till land from a landlord • (obsolete) land rent • (dialectal) to rent • a surname
| ‖ 佃(つくだ) • (tsukuda)
| ‖ cultivated rice field
|佃 (eum 전 (jeon))
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|Hán-Nôm : điền
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|会
|佃
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|伽
|佑
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ke⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaa¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaa¹
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷɯs) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 右 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ, *ɢʷɯs). \ Exoactive derivation of 右 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ, *ɢʷɯs, “right”). \ “Right” and “left” are metaphors for “to assist” via the following semantic development: “left or right” > “to be on the left or right of a person” > “to assist, to help, to protect”. \ Compare the derivation of 佐 (OC *ʔsaːls, “to assist; to help”) from 左 (OC *ʔsaːlʔ, *ʔsaːls, “left”).
|Original form of 茄 (qié). • Used in transcription. ‖ Used in transcription. ‖ Used in transcription. • Short for 伽利略 (jiālìlüè, “galileo (unit)”).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iū • Middle-Chinese : hjuwH
| ‖ 伽(とぎ) • (togi)
|to assist; to help; to protect • (alt. form 祐) to bless • a surname • (Taiwan) yotta- (SI unit prefix)
|nursing • attending • entertainer ‖ relieving one of boredom with a story; also, such a person • attending one in their bedroom; also, such a person • nursing or taking care of a person; also, such a person
| ‖ 佑(ゆう) • (Yū)
|伽 (eumhun 절 가 (jeol ga))
|To help ‖ a male given name
|佑 • (u) · 佑 • (u) (hangeul 우, revised u, McCune–Reischauer u)
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|Hán-Nôm : hữu • Hán-Nôm : hựu
|to assist; to help
|佑
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|你
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *nɯʔ) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 尔 (OC *njelʔ). Alternatively, Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 人 (“person”) + 尔 (“you”) \ Colloquial form of 爾 (OC *njelʔ, “you”) attested since the Tang dynasty. Ultimately from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *na-ŋ (“you”). ‖ Contraction of 你嘅 (ngi2 gê4, “your”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ní ‖
|you (the person spoken to or written to) ‖ your
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|伽
|Extended shinjitai form of 儞: you
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|你 (eum 니 (ni))
|佇
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyu⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǐr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tīr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǐ
|(literary) to stand (for a long time) • to stop; to stay (for a long time) • to wait; to hope for; to look forward to • to store; to accumulate • (Hokkien) to be at; to be in; to be located • (Hokkien) (located) in; at • (Hokkien) during; in
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|to stand (for a while)
|canonical : 你: Hán Việt readings: nhĩ • canonical : nễ 你: Nôm readings: né • canonical : nể • canonical : nẻ • canonical : nệ
|佇 (eumhun 우두커니 설 저 (udukeoni seol jeo))
|to stand (for a while) • to stay • to wait for • to store; to accumulate
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|佇
|你
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|-
|体
|佣
| ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ban⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄟˋ
|
| ‖ Alternative form of 笨 (bèn, “coarse appearance; inferior”) • Used in 体夫 (“pallbearer”). ‖ ^‡ name of prison
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iong
| ‖ 体(たい) • (-tai) ‖ 体(たい) • (tai) ‖ 体(てい) • (tei)
|commission (amount of money paid to a middleman)
| ‖ counter for humanoid objects ‖ the body (e.g., of a human or animal) • the body (e.g., of a human or animal) · (particularly) the torso excluding the limbs: the trunk, abdomen • a substance, matter • a form, shape • (algebra) field (commutative ring with invertible nonzero elements) ‖ an outward appearance, look, aspect
|体 (eumhun 몸 체 (mom che)) ‖ 体 (eumhun 용렬할 분 (yongnyeolhal bun))
|Alternative form of 體 (“Hanja form of 체 (“body”).”) ‖ Alternative form of 笨 (“Hanja form of 분 (“mediocre; rough”).”)
|body ‖ Alternative form of 𫌠/𧡊 (to see)
|体
|-
|佔
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zim³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiàm ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢ
|to occupy; to possess ‖ Alternative form of 覘／觇 (“to peep; to look”) ‖ to whisper • Alternative form of 襜 (chān) ‖ Only used in 佔侸.
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|
|possess, usurp, occupy by force
|佔 (eum 점 (jeom))
|occupy • seize • take
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|
|佔
|-
|佗
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : to⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tô ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄛ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : to¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taa¹ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tó • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tá ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tó • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : toh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tio̍h ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄛˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˊ
|Alternative form of 馱／驮 (“to carry on one's back”) ‖ Alternative form of 他 • a surname ‖ (Hokkien) which ‖ (Hokkien) where ‖ to add; to impute ‖ Only used in 委佗, alternative form of 委蛇 (wēiyí)
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|
|
|
|佗 (eum 타 (ta))
|
|
|
|
|佗
|佣
|-
|-
|佝
|佩
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄡ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kau³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : keoi¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gau¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kau³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩ
|人 (“person”) + 凡 + 巾 (“piece of cloth”).
|Used in 佝僂／佝偻 (gōulóu). ‖ Only used in 佝瞀. ‖ Alternative form of 拘 (jū)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pui³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phuè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phua̍h • Middle-Chinese : bwojH
|belt ornament; pendant • to wear; to hang (from the waist) • to hold; to carry • to remember in heart • to admire • to surround; to encircle
| ‖ 佩(はい) • (-hai) ‖ 佩(はい) • (hai)
| ‖ swords ‖ ancient ornamental belt
|佩 (eum 패 (pae))
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|
|Hán-Nôm : bội
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|
|佝 • (gu) · 佝 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku)
|佩
|-
|併
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *breːŋʔ, *breːŋs, *peŋʔ, *peŋs, *beːŋʔ) : semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 并 (OC *peŋ, *peŋs).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bing³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ping³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pìng • Middle-Chinese : pjiengX • Middle-Chinese : bengX • Middle-Chinese : pjiengH
|to combine; to amalgamate
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|
|join
|併 (eum 병 (byeong))
|
|
|佝
|Hán-Nôm : tính
|
|併
|-
|-
|佞
|來
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ning⁶
|Pictogram (象形) of wheat – original character of 麥 (OC *mrɯːɡ, “wheat”) or 麳 (OC *rɯː, “wheat”). The line in the middle represents the ear, the two lines pointing upwards represent leaves, and the lines pointing downwards represent the stem and roots. An additional horizontal line was often added at the top end of the character, possibly used to emphasize the ear of the wheat. Compare 禾. \ This character has been borrowed for “to come” since the oracle bone script. During the Western Zhou and Warring States periods, additional semantic components, such as 止 (“foot”) or 辵 (“to walk”), were added to differentiate the original sense from the borrowed sense. However, these additions were not inherited in later scripts. \ Some consider the derivative 麥 from the addition of 夊 (“to walk slowly”) to be the original form for the meaning “to come”. If so, their meanings have interchanged due to frequent use of 來 for “to come”. \ Shuowen connects “wheat” and “to come” from a mythological standpoint: 天所來也 (“it comes from the heavens”). This may be supported by archaeological evidence, which suggests that wheat is not native to China, but originated in the Fertile Crescent. \ 來 and 麥 have both been reconstructed to begin with *mr- in Old Chinese. The former retains the liquid as /l/, while the latter retains the nasal /m/. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *la-j ~ ra (“to come”) (STEDT). Cognate with 迨 (OC *l'ɯːʔ, “to reach; until”), 賚 (OC *rɯːs, “to bestow”), Burmese လာ (la, “to come”). Also cognate with 蒞 (OC *rɯbs, “to arrive”) according to Schuessler (2007). ‖ Cognate to or same word as 麥 (OC *mrɯːɡ) (Schuessler, 2007).
|eloquent • to flatter; to be good at flattery • flatterer • evil; wicked; crafty • hypocritical; hypocrisy • to feel dizzy • talent (usually in the humble expression 不佞 (bùnìng))
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄞˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lâi • Middle-Chinese : loj ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : loi⁴ • Middle-Chinese : loj
|to come; to arrive • to happen; to occur • to do (specific meaning depending on the context) • since • next; coming; future • (after a number) about; approximately; around • Used after a verb of motion to indicate movement toward the speaker. • Used before a verb to express volition. • Used with 不 or 得 to express capability. • Used after numerals in colloquial lists. • Meaningless particle for rhythmic purposes. • (Shanghainese) currently • (～母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 來 (MC loj) • a surname ‖ (obsolete) wheat
|
|
|flattery • insincerity
|Kyūjitai form of 来
|佞 (eum 녕 (nyeong))
|來 (eumhun 올 래 (ol rae), word-initial (South Korea) 올 내 (ol nae))
|flattery • glib
|hanja form of 래 (“to come; to arrive”)
|Hán-Nôm : lai • Hán-Nôm : lay • Hán-Nôm : lơi • Hán-Nôm : ray • Hán-Nôm : rơi • Hán-Nôm : rời
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|
|佞
|來
|-
|-
|佬
|侈
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄠˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄠˇㄦ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou² • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : liu⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : liu⁴ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : láu
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰjalʔ) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 多 (OC *ʔl'aːl). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g(r/l)aːj (“scatter, sow, dispersedly widely; wide; star”) (STEDT, Schuessler, 2007). \ *Insides Chinese, cognate with 哆 (OC *ʔl'aːlʔ), 移 (OC *lal), 離 (OC *reːls, *rel, *rels) (STEDT); \ *Outsides Chinese, cognate with Burmese ကျယ် (kyai, “wide”), Mizo tai (“scatter, disperse”), Northern Qiang [script needed] (ʁdʐə, “star”) (Mawo), Southern Qiang [Term?] (χdʐe³³pe⁵⁵, “star”) (Taoping), etc. (ibid.).
|(chiefly Cantonese, dialectal Wu, often slightly derogatory) (adult) man; guy; fellow; chap (Classifier: 個／个 c) ‖ Only used in 侾佬 (“large”). ‖ (Southern Min) to cheat; to swindle
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshí • Middle-Chinese : tsyheX
|
|extravagant; wasteful; excessive; luxurious • exaggerated; overstated
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|侈 (eum 치 (chi))
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|
|Hán-Nôm : xỉ • Hán-Nôm : ẩy • Hán-Nôm : xảy • Hán-Nôm : xí • Hán-Nôm : đứa • Hán-Nôm : xẩy • Hán-Nôm : xi
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|
|佬
|侈
|-
|-
|佯
|侶
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁴ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tìnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tènn
|to pretend; to feign • Used in 佯佯. • Used in 倘佯 (chángyáng). • Used in 儴佯 (xiāngyáng) and 翔佯 (xiángyáng). • Used in 仿佯. ‖ (Southern Min) to pretend; to feign
|
|Lie, deceive, show a false appearance.
|佯 • (yang) · 佯 • (yang) (hangeul 양, revised yang, McCune–Reischauer yang)
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|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lǐr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lī • Middle-Chinese : ljoX
|companion • associate with
| ‖ 侶(とも) • (tomo)
| ‖ companion, follower
|侶 (eumhun 짝 려 (jjak ryeo), word-initial (South Korea) 짝 여 (jjak yeo))
|hanja form of 려/여 (“companion”)
|Hán-Nôm : lứa • Hán-Nôm : lữ
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|
|佯
|侶
|-
|-
|佰
|俄
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄞˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baak³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pah ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mak⁶
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːl) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 我 (OC *ŋaːlʔ). ‖
|(financial) Alternative form of 百 (“hundred”) • (archaic) troop of 100 soldiers, or a leader of such unit, centurion ‖ Alternative form of 陌
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngôo • Middle-Chinese : nga ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngôo
| ‖ 佰(はく) • (haku)
|suddenly; (very) soon; presently • tilted ‖ Short for 俄羅斯／俄罗斯 (Éluósī).: Russia (A transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia)
| ‖ (financial, archaic) one hundred
| ‖ 俄(が) • (ga)
|佰 (eum 백 (baek))
| ‖ sudden, abrupt, unexpected
|(백 사람 어른 백, baek-saram-eoreun-): centurion • (일백 백, il-baek-): hundred
|俄 (eum 아 (a))
|
|
|佰
|canonical : 俄: Hán Việt readings: nga 俄: Nôm readings: nga • canonical : ngoa
|chữ Hán form of Nga, nga (“Russia, Russian”). • chữ Hán form of nga (“sudden; in an instant”).
|俄
|-
|-
|佻
|俏
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tiu⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tiu¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tiu⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄠˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄠˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄠˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄠˋ
|frivolous • to steal • Alternative form of 挑 ‖ (walking) alone • graceful; elegant ‖ light; quick ‖ to hang; to suspend • far ‖ to delay ‖ arrogant ‖ Alternative form of 肇
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|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ciu³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiáu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiàu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshió • Middle-Chinese : tshjewH
|pretty; handsome; smart • charming; lovely • fast-selling; in great demand • (dialectal) to season (foods)
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|
|佻 (eum 조 (jo))
|like • similar • resemble • pretty • disguise oneself as • dress up • pine away
|俏 (eum 소 (so))
|like • similar • resemble • pretty
|Hán-Nôm : tiếu
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|
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|俏
|佻
|-
|-
|侃
|俐
| ‖
|(literary) upright; outspoken; straightforward • (literary) harmonious and happy; congenial • to boast; to tease ‖ (colloquial) to chatter idly • (dialectal) to chat
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|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lī
|smooth; clever; sharp
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|
|侃 • (gan) · 侃 • (gan) (hangeul 간, revised gan, McCune–Reischauer kan)
|clever
|俐 (eum 리 (ri))
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|
|Hán-Nôm : lợi • Hán-Nôm : lời
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|侃
|俐
|-
|-
|侏
|俘
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄡ
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰuw) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 孚 (OC *pʰuw, “to capture”) – to capture. Originally written 孚.
|Used in 侏儒 (zhūrú). ‖ Used in 侏張／侏张.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hu • Middle-Chinese : phju
|to capture (enemy at war) • prisoner of war
| ‖ 俘(とりこ) • (toriko)
| ‖ prisoner, captive • slave to one's emotions
|俘 • (bu) · 俘 • (bu) (hangeul 부, revised bu, McCune–Reischauer pu)
|captive
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|
|
|俘
|-
|俯
|In bronze inscriptions, phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *poʔ) : phonetic 府 (OC *poʔ) + semantic 勹 (“person bending over”). In the modern script 勹 has changed to 亻.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hú • Middle-Chinese : pjuX
|to bow one's head • to bend down; to bow • to look from above; to overlook; to look down • (honorific) to deign
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|
|侏 (eum 주 (ju))
|to bend down • to lie down
|俯 (eum 부 (bu))
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|Hán-Nôm : phủ
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|侏
|俯
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|-
|侖
|俱
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leon⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lûn
|
|Alternative form of 倫／伦 (“reason; order”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : keoi¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geoi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khū • Middle-Chinese : kju
|all; together; completely; entirely • to accompany; to be together with • to be alike; to be similar • a surname
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|think, be methodical
|侖 • (ryun>yun) · 侖 • (ryun>yun) (hangeul 륜>윤, revised ryun>yun, McCune–Reischauer ryun>yun, Yale lyun>yun)
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|
|俱 (eumhun 함께 구 (hamkke gu))
|hanja form of 구 (“accompany, together”)
|Hán-Nôm : câu • Hán-Nôm : cu • Hán-Nôm : gu • Hán-Nôm : cụ • Hán-Nôm : gù
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|侖
|俱
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|-
|俎
|俳
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zo² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsóo
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *brɯːl) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 非 (OC *pɯl). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *brɯːl) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 非 (OC *pɯl).
|(historical) sacrificial altar; stand or vessel for meat and food sacrifice • (literary) chopping board; chopping block • a surname
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pai • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pâi • Middle-Chinese : beaj ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄞˊ
| ‖ 俎(そ) • (so)
|actor • vaudeville show • (literary) humorous; funny ‖ Only used in 俳佪.
| ‖ sacrificial altar • cutting board; a chopping board
|俎 • (jo) · 俎 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho)
|
|
|actor • haiku
|俳 • (bae) · 俳 • (bae) (hangeul 배, revised bae, McCune–Reischauer pae)
|
|
|俎
|canonical : 俳: Hán Việt readings: bài
|
|俳
|-
|-
|俑
|俸
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁵
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *poːŋʔ, *boŋs) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 奉 (OC *boŋʔ). \ Exopassive of 奉 (OC *boŋʔ, “to receive”), literally “that which is received” (Schuessler, 2007).
|tomb figurine
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄥˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hǒng • Middle-Chinese : puwngX • Middle-Chinese : bjowngH
| ‖ 俑(よう) • (yō)
|wages; salary; official emolument • a surname
| ‖ wooden figure buried with the dead
| ‖ 俸(ほう) • (hō)
|俑 (eum 용 (yong))
| ‖ salary
|俸 (eum 봉 (bong))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : bổng • Hán-Nôm : bóng • Hán-Nôm : bỗng • Hán-Nôm : vụng • Hán-Nôm : bống • Hán-Nôm : phỗng
|
|
|俑
|俸
|-
|-
|俚
|倔
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lí ‖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡlud) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 屈 (OC *klud, *kʰlud).
|(obsolete) to rely on • (literary) rustic; vulgar; unpolished • folk; popular • (historical) general name for non-Han ethnic groups living in southern China ‖ (Suzhounese) he; she
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwat⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ku̍t • Middle-Chinese : gjut
|stubborn; obstinate • (Cantonese) blunt; not sharp
|
|
|
|
|俚 (eum 리 (ri))
|倔 (eum 굴 (gul))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : quật • Hán-Nôm : oặt • Hán-Nôm : quặt • Hán-Nôm : quất • Hán-Nôm : quịt
|
|
|俚
|倔
|-
|-
|俞
|倘
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jû ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : syu³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cau³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨ
| ‖  ‖
|to approve; to consent • yes • to reply; to respond • (literary) satisfied; at ease • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 腧 (“acupoint”) ‖ a surname ‖ Alternative form of 愈 (yù, “even more”) • Alternative form of 癒／愈 (yù, “to recover”) ‖ Used in 俞兒／俞儿.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tong² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thóng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : soeng⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siâng ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : thang
|if; supposing; in case ‖ Only used in 倘佯. ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 通 (thang, “can; may”)
|
|
|
|
|俞 (eum 유 (yu))
|倘 (eum 당 (dang))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : thảng • Hán-Nôm : thẳng • Hán-Nôm : người • Hán-Nôm : thoáng • Hán-Nôm : thoảng • Hán-Nôm : thằng • Hán-Nôm : thoang • Hán-Nôm : thoắng
|
|
|俞
|倘
|-
|-
|俟
|倚
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei⁴
|to wait ‖ Used in 万俟 (Mòqí).
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uá • Hokkien · Tai-lo : í • Middle-Chinese : 'jeX • Middle-Chinese : 'jeH
|to lean on; to lean against • to rely on; to depend on; to lean on • to be partial toward; to lean toward
|
|
|俟 • (sa, gi) · 俟 • (sa, gi) (hangeul 사, 기, revised sa, gi, McCune–Reischauer sa, ki)
|to lean on; to lean against • to rely on; to depend on • Alternative form of 椅: chair • Alternative form of 踦, 畸: lame, crippled; unbalanced
|倚 • (ui, gi) · 倚 • (ui, gi) (hangeul 의, 기, revised ui, gi, McCune–Reischauer ŭi, ki)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : ỷ • Hán-Nôm : ấy
|
|
|俟
|倚
|-
|-
|俠
|倡
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hap⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haap⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiap • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hia̍p
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰjaŋ, *tʰjaŋs) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 昌 (OC *tʰjaŋ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰjaŋ, *tʰjaŋs) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 昌 (OC *tʰjaŋ).
|chivalrous person; knight-errant • chivalrous; gallant
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiàng • Middle-Chinese : tsyhangH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiong • Middle-Chinese : tsyhang
| ‖ 俠(きょう) • (kyō) ^(←けふ (kefu)?) ‖ 俠(きゃん) • (kyan) ‖ 俠(きゃん) • (kyan) -na (adnominal 俠(きゃん)な (kyan na), adverbial 俠(きゃん)に (kyan ni))
|to lead (a chorus); to introduce • to sing • to advocate; to recommend; to encourage; to promote; to propagate ‖ professional singer and dancer • musician; actor; entertainer; performer • Alternative form of 娼 (chāng, “prostitute”)
|chivalrous person • chivalry • knight-errant • tomboy ‖ Kyūjitai form of 侠: chivalrous spirit ‖ Kyūjitai form of 侠: a chivalrous person; a tomboy ‖ Kyūjitai form of 侠: chivalrous, tomboyish
|俠 • (hyeop) · 俠 • (hyeop) (hangeul 협, revised hyeop, McCune–Reischauer hyŏp)
|chivalrous person • knight-errant
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|
|俠
|prostitute
|-
|倡 (eum 창 (chang))
|俾
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pī ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pai³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄟ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˇ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : bei²
|(literary, formal) in order to; so that; so as to; therefore; thus; thereby • Original form of 裨 (bì, “to benefit”). ‖ Only used in 俾倪. ‖ Only used in 安俾. ‖ Alternative form of 比 ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 畀
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|
|Hán-Nôm : xướng
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|
|俾 (eum 비 (bi))
|倡
|-
|倦
|In the Chu form, a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡrons) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 龹 (). In the Small Seal Script form, a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡrons) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 卷 (OC *ɡron, *kronʔ, *krons, *ɡonʔ). \ Compare Tibetan ཀྱོར་ཀྱོར (kyor kyor, “weak; feeble”), Tibetan ཁྱོར་བ (khyor ba, “to stumble; to move totteringly”), Tibetan འཁྱོར་བ ('khyor ba, “to stagger, to reel”) (Bodman, 1980). Cognate with 痯 (OC *koːnʔ, *koːns, “exhausted”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gyun⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuàn • Middle-Chinese : gjwenH
|tired; weary
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|
|in fatigue • languor • grow weary of, lose interest in
|倦 (eumhun 게으를 권 (geeureul gwon))
|hanja form of 권 (“languor”)
|Hán-Nôm : quyện • Hán-Nôm : cuộn
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|
|俾
|倦
|-
|-
|倀
|值
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zan³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caang⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiòng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥˋ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *dɯɡs, *dɯɡ) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 直 (OC *dɯɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *dɯɡs, *dɯɡ) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 直 (OC *dɯɡ).
|insane person • ghost of one devoured by a tiger who becomes a servant of the tiger and helps it find more victims ‖ Only used in 倀悙／伥悙.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ta̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ti̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ti̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tia̍k ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi³ • Middle-Chinese : driH
|price • (mathematics, computing, etc.) value • to be worth • worthwhile • to be on duty • to face; to confront • (Hokkien) to be a match for; to compare favorably with ‖ (obsolete) to hold upright
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|
|Alternative form of 値
|值 (eum 치 (chi))
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|
|倀 (eum 창 (chang))
|Hán-Nôm : trị • Hán-Nôm : trịa
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|值
|倀
|-
|-
|倆
|偎
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : loeng⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liáng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : loeng⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liáng
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *quːl) : semantic 人 (“man; person”) + phonetic 畏 (OC *quls)
|(colloquial) functioning as 兩 (“two”) + an implied classifier: two; pair; couple; both • (colloquial, chiefly Mainland China) a few; some ‖ Only used in 伎倆／伎俩 (jìliǎng).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wui¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ue • Middle-Chinese : 'woj
|to snuggle up to; to lean close to • hidden; unclear • to comfort
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|
|cling to • cuddle • embrace • fondle
|偎 • (oe) · 偎 • (oe) (hangeul 외)
|come close • approach • embrace • faint, vague
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|
|倆 (eum 량 (ryang))
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|偎
|倆
|-
|-
|倌
|做
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gun¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuann
|Originally a vulgar variant of 作, written ⿰作攵. The component 乍 later corrupted into 古. \ Colloquial form of the departing-tone variant of 作 (MC tsaH, “to do”), to differentiate from the checked-tone variant (now represented by 作). Loss of checked codas in Mandarin has resulted in homophony of the two.
|servant who drives a carriage • groom; keeper of domestic animals • worker in a teahouse or restaurant who provides service
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄛˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tserè
|to do; to perform • to make; to produce • to become • to give (a party, a reception) • to be (a role) • (euphemistic) to make love • (Cantonese) to work at • (Cantonese) to air; to broadcast
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|
|assistant in wine shop • groom (keeper of domestic animals)
|(to) make/do
|倌 (eum 관 (gwan))
|做 • (ju, ja) · 做 • (ju, ja) (hangeul 주, 자)
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|
|Hán-Nôm : tố • Hán-Nôm : súa
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|倌
|做
|-
|-
|倏
|偵
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : suk¹
|sudden, abrupt; hastily, suddenly, abruptly
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|
|倏 • (suk) · 倏 • (suk) (hangeul 숙, revised suk, McCune–Reischauer suk)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zing¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsing • Middle-Chinese : trhjeng • Middle-Chinese : traengH • Middle-Chinese : trhjengH
|to spy, reconnoiter • detective • Alternative form of 貞／贞 (zhēn, “divination”)
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|
|investigation, spy, detective
|偵 (eumhun 염탐할 정 (yeomtamhal jeong))
|hanja form of 정 (“investigation; spy”)
|Hán-Nôm : trinh • Hán-Nôm : rình • Hán-Nôm : triệng
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|
|倏
|偵
|-
|-
|們
|偷
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄇㄣ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bûn ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄣˋ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰoː) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 俞 (OC *l̥ʰus, *lo). ‖ From on9, reinterpreted as the keystrokes in Simplified Cangjie which produces the character 偷.
|Suffix indicating plural for pronouns, some animated nouns and personifications. • Suffix attached to the name of the representative of a group to refer to that whole group. • (dialectal Mandarin, Jin) General suffix indicating plural. ‖ Only used in 們渾／们浑 (mènhún).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄡ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thio • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thoo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thau • Middle-Chinese : thuw ‖  
|to steal; to snatch • stealthily; secretly; covertly • thief; burglar • to have an extra-marital relationship • to while away without purpose; to drift along • (Cantonese) to exhaust the usage of space ‖ (Hong Kong Cantonese, Internet slang, leetspeak) Alternative form of on9
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|們 (eum 문 (mun))
|偷 (eum 투 (tu))
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|
|Hán-Nôm : thầu • Hán-Nôm : du • Hán-Nôm : thâu
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|
|們
|偷
|-
|-
|倖
|偽
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hang⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hīng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄥˋ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : sǐng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sīng
|Simplified from 僞 (爲 → 為). Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋʷrals) : semantic 亻 (“man”) + phonetic 為 (OC *ɢʷal, *ɢʷals, “to make”), originally “artificial”. \ Often thought to be derived from 為 (OC *ɢʷal, “to act as”) (Karlgren, 1956; Wang, 1982; Baxter and Sagart, 2014). \ Alternatively, it may be cognate to 訛 (OC *ŋʷaːl, “erroneous”) (Schuessler, 2007); this may be compared to Tibetan རྔོད (rngod, “to deceive”), though the -d in Tibetan is unexplained (Gong, 1995; Schuessler, 2007; Hill, 2014). \ Jacques (2022, 2023) seems to attempt to unify the two etymologies above. He argues the Middle Chinese initial ng- in both 偽 (MC ngjweH) and 訛 (MC ngwa) come from a middle voice/intransitivizing prefix *ŋ-. 偽, reconstructed as *ŋ-waj-s, would be derived from 為 (OC waj) as the root.
|to favor; to dote on • by fluke or chance ‖ (obsolete) Alternative form of 婞 (xìng, “obstinate”) ‖ (Southern Min) to spoil; to pamper; to indulge
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : guī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uî • Middle-Chinese : ngjweH
|
|false; counterfeit; bogus; fake; pseudo-; artificial • falsehood; untruthfulness • illegal; illegitimate
| ‖ 偽(ぎ) • (gi) ‖ 偽(にせ) or 偽(ニセ) • (nise)
|falsehood, lie • fake, forgery ‖ a falsehood, lie • (logic) a false statement (usually based without facts) ‖ a counterfeit, forgery • an imitation, replica • prefixed to nouns: · counterfeit, forged • prefixed to nouns: · fake, false
|偽 (eum 위 (wi))
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|
|倖 (eum 행 (haeng))
|Hán-Nôm : ngụy • Hán-Nôm : nguỵ
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|偽
|倖
|-
|-
|値
|傅
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *paɡs) : semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 尃 (OC *pʰa). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *paɡs) : semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 尃 (OC *pʰa).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pòo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hù • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hū • Middle-Chinese : pjuH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu¹
|(literary) teacher; instructor • (literary) to assist • (literary) to teach; to instruct • (literary) to attach to; to adhere to • a surname ‖ (literary) Alternative form of 敷 (fū) • (literary) Alternative form of 敷 (fū) · to apply; to lay on; to lace
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| ‖ 値(あたい) • (atai) ^(←あたひ (atafi)?) ‖ 値(ね) • (ne)
|傅 (eum 부 (bu))
|price • value ‖ value ‖ price
|値 (eum 치 (chi))
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|
|Hán-Nôm : phó
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|値
|傅
|-
|-
|倥
|傘
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung²
|Pictogram (象形) – pictographic representation of an umbrella.
|Only used in 倥侗 (kōngtóng). ‖ Only used in 倥傯／倥偬 (kǒngzǒng).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suànn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sàn • Middle-Chinese : sanX
|umbrella; parasol • umbrella-like object • parachute • a surname: San
| ‖ 傘(かさ) or 傘(カサ) • (kasa) (counter 本)
| ‖ umbrella (cloth-covered frame used for protection against rain or sun) • bell; umbrella (of a jellyfish)
|傘 (eumhun 우산 산 (usan san))
|hanja form of 산 (“umbrella”)
|Hán-Nôm : tản • Hán-Nôm : tàn • Hán-Nôm : tán
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|傘
|-
|傳
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tons, *don, *dons) : semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 專 (OC *tjon). \ Related to 轉 (OC *tonʔ, *tons, “to turn around; to transfer”); see there for more. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tons, *don, *dons) : semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 專 (OC *tjon). \ Related to 轉 (OC *tonʔ, *tons, “to turn around; to transfer”); see there for more.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tn̂g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thn̂g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuînn • Middle-Chinese : drjwen ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuān • Middle-Chinese : drjwenH • Middle-Chinese : trjwenH
|to transfer; to deliver; to transmit; to pass on • to teach; to impart • to pass down; to hand down • to abdicate; to resign sovereign authority • to express; to convey • to summon; to call • to spread; to circulate; to disseminate • (physics) to conduct (electricity or heat) • (Hokkien) to pass on to the next generation; to transmit to the offspring • (Mainland China Hokkien) to summon with a subpoena • (Mainland China Hokkien) to give birth; to procreate; to have children • (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) to prepare; to get ready; to make ready • (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) to set up a trap to make a fool of someone • (Quanzhou Hokkien) to give • (Quanzhou Hokkien) to allow; to let; to permit • (Quanzhou Hokkien) by ‖ (historical) relay station for transmitting documents • (historical) stagecoach; post-chaise • (historical, literature) a category of historical literary works · historical narrative; record; chronicle; historical documents • (historical, literature) a category of historical literary works · commentary; annotation • (historical, literature) a category of historical literary works · paracanonical work (any work that complements a canon or a canonical body of texts but not considered canonical by itself, often including the above) • (literature) biography; life story • (historical, literature) novel or story written in the historical style • to write a biography
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|
|倥 • (gong) · 倥 • (gong) (hangeul 공, revised gong, McCune–Reischauer kong)
|summon • propagate, transmit
|傳 (eumhun 전할 전 (jeonhal jeon))
|hanja form of 전 (“transfer”)
|canonical : 傳: Hán Việt readings: truyền • canonical : truyện • canonical : truyến 傳: Nôm readings: chuyền • canonical : chuyện • canonical : chuyến • canonical : chiện ‖ romanization : truyền ‖ romanization : truyện ‖ romanization : chuyền ‖ romanization : chuyện
| ‖ chữ Hán form of truyền (“to transmit, to transfer; to impart; to summon; to express”). ‖ chữ Hán form of truyện (“a story, a novel, a fiction book”). ‖ Nôm form of chuyền (“to pass a ball”). ‖ Nôm form of chuyện (“matters, affairs; a tale, a legend”).
|傳
|-
|傻
|Unclear. Possible early forms in Middle Chinese include 𧫝 (MC srwaeX) or 誜 (MC srwaeH), indicating "to speak carelessly; to talk nonsense".
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄚˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sá • Middle-Chinese : srwaeX • Middle-Chinese : srwaeH
|foolish; silly; stupid • inflexible; naïvely stubborn • blank; dumbfounded • (dialectal Mandarin, including Tianjin Mandarin) very; quite
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|倥
|傻 (eum 사 (sa))
|-
|倨
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geoi³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kù
|(literary) haughty; arrogant • Alternative form of 踞 (jù, “to crouch; to squat”) • Alternative form of 鋸／锯 (jù, “saw”)
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|
|Hán-Nôm : xọa • Hán-Nôm : xoạ • Hán-Nôm : xoe • Hán-Nôm : xọ • Hán-Nôm : xõ
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|倨 • (geo) · 倨 • (geo) (hangeul 거, revised geo, McCune–Reischauer kŏ)
|傻
|-
|僕
|In the oracle bone script and the early Western Zhou bronze script, it was a pictogram (象形) of a slave or prisoner, with hands holding a basket (其) to pick up garbage, an instrument of punishment (辛) above the head, and a tail (尾) to represent the slave's low status, akin to animals. \ 其 later corrupts into 甾, the hands (廾) move below 辛, and the slave's body (人) moves to become the left component. Later, 辛 corrupts into 丵 (probably by fusing with 甾) and combines with 廾 to give 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ), which functions as a phonetic component. \ In the current form, it is essentially a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ) : semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ). \ Probably related to Tibetan བུ (bu, “son; boy”) (Coblin, 1986). \ Alternatively, Peiros and Starostin (1996) compare it to Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “child”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : po̍k • Middle-Chinese : buwk • Middle-Chinese : bowk
|servant; slave (often male) • (literary, humble, men's speech) I; me; your humble servant • (obsolete) coachman; groom • (obsolete) to attach; to adhere • a surname
| ‖ 僕(ぼく) • (boku) ‖ 僕(ぼく) or 僕(ボク) • (boku) ‖ 僕(しもべ) • (shimobe)
|I (masculine speech) • manservant ‖ manservant, servant ‖ (men's speech) I; me (personal pronoun; usually used by males; implies that the speaker is a young boy or otherwise boyish) • you, he, she (only used in reference to a person who uses this term to refer to themselves, or is one who is assumed to use it, such as a young boy) ‖ manservant, servant • a man of low social status • a low-ranking civil servant
|僕 (eum 복 (bok))
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|
|Hán-Nôm : bộc • Hán-Nôm : bọc
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|倨
|僕
|-
|-
|倩
|僵
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiàn ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄥˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cing³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiànn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshìng
|smiling • (beautiful) man • beautiful; pretty; handsome • fast ‖ to ask someone to do something • to have the aid of • to borrow • (Min) to employ; to hire • (Teochew) to beg; to plea; to please; to excuse oneself. Example: 倩食 (ciah4 ziah8) is a very polite way of asking people to eat. • (Hokkien) to urge; to entrust • son-in-law • servant; domestic servant • Alternative form of 銃／铳 (chòng). Only used in 飯匙倩／饭匙倩.
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : goeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiang • Middle-Chinese : kjang
|(obsolete) to fall down • stiff; rigid • stupefied; dazed; blank • deadlocked
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|倩 (eum 천 (cheon))
|fall down • collapse
|僵 (eum 강 (gang))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : cương
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|倩
|僵
|-
|-
|倪
|價
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gê ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngai⁶
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kraːs) : semantic 人 + phonetic 賈 (OC *kraːʔ, *kraːs, *klaːʔ, “sell”). \ Perhaps related to 賈 (OC *kraːʔ, *kraːs, *klaːʔ, “to sell”). ‖ See 介. ‖  ‖
|small child • small and weak • origin; beginning • bound; limit; extremity • to differentiate • (Wu) I; we • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 睨 (nì, “to look sideways; to squint”)
|Cantonese · Jyutping : gaa³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kèe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kà • Middle-Chinese : kaeH ‖  ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄚˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄐㄧㄝ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄍㄚ
|price; cost • value • (chemistry) valence; valency • (linguistics) valence; valency • a surname: Jia ‖ (Hangzhounese) Alternative form of 介 (so, such) ‖ Only used in 㒑價／㒑价 (kuǐqiǎ). ‖
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|small child • edge, limit, boundary
|worth, value
|倪 (eum 예 (ye))
|價 (eumhun 값 가 (gap ga))
|hanja form of 가 (“price; value”)
|Hán-Nôm : giá
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|價
|倪
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|倭
|僻
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wo¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : e ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai² ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄛˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wo²
| ‖
|(historical, now derogatory) Japan; Yamato • (in some animal names) dwarf; pygmy ‖ Used in 倭遲／倭迟, alternative form of 逶迤 (wēiyí, “winding; meandering”) ‖ Only used in 倭墮髻／倭堕髻 (wǒduòjì, “a hairstyle for women that was popular during the Han Dynasty in which the hair was gathered up in a lopsided bun”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phik • Middle-Chinese : phjiek • Middle-Chinese : phek ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bui⁶
| ‖ 倭(わ) • (Wa)
|to avoid; to evade • unorthodox • remote; out of the way • uncommon; rare • eccentric; odd; peculiar • (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) codewords used in certain professions or gangs ‖ Alternative form of 背 (“remote; secluded; out-of-the-way”)
|Yamato • the country of Japan ‖ ancient Japan
|倭 (eumhun 왜나라 왜 (waenara wae)) ‖ 倭 (eumhun 유순할 위 (yusunhal wi))
|Hanja form of 왜 (“ancient Japan, Yamato”). ‖ (literary Chinese) Hanja form of 위 (“docile, obedient”).
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|倭
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|偃
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ián
|to fall on one's back; to lie down; to flop down • to desist; to cease; to stop
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|dam • weir
|僻 (eumhun 후미질 벽 (humijil byeok))
|偃 (eum 언 (eon))
|hanja form of 벽 (“remote; out of the way”) • hanja form of 벽 (“uncommon; rare”)
|Hán-Nôm : tịch
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|僻
|偃
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|偌
|儉
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : je⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joek⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liā ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : je⁶ ‖  ‖  ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : luā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luǎ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : guā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : juā
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡramʔ) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam).
|so; that ‖ a surname ‖ (dialectal Cantonese, including Siyi Yue, Yangjiang) you (plural) ‖ (Taishanese) someone (else) ‖ how much; how • how (indicating surprise, delight, etc.)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gim⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiām • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiǎm • Middle-Chinese : gjemX
|frugal; thrifty • modest; moderate; temperate • lacking; insufficient • poor harvest • (Taiwanese Hokkien) to save up; to store up • (Teochew, Singapore Hokkien) to save; to economize • a surname
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|偌 (eum 야 (ya))
|儉 (eumhun 검소하 검 (geomsoha geom))
|hanja form of 검 (“frugal, temperate”)
|Hán-Nôm : kiệm • Hán-Nôm : cợm • Hán-Nôm : hiếm • Hán-Nôm : thiếu
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|儉
|偌
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|偕
|允
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaai¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kai • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hâi
|Oracle bone script: Pictogram (象形) – a person with the head emphasized, indicating a nod. \ Bronze inscriptions onward (corrupted form): Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lunʔ) : phonetic 㠯 (OC *lɯʔ) + semantic 儿 (“person”). \ Schuessler (2007) minimally reconstructs *winʔ or *junʔ: \ * If *junʔ, then possibly related to Burmese ယုံ (yum, “to believe”); if so, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *yum (“to believe”); other cognates would then be Asho Chin yón-é, Mara Chin zó, Lahu ʑo³¹. \ * If *winʔ, then 信 (OC *hljins) (minimally reconstructed *sin(s)) is its possible derivative.
|to accompany; together; in company • strong • to unify • to be in harmony (with) • Alternative form of 皆 (jiē, “all”) • a surname
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄣˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄣˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ún • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ín • Middle-Chinese : ywinX
|^† to allow; to consent; to permit • ^† fair; just; equitable; even-handed; impartial • ^† proper; suitable; appropriate • ^† honest; genuine • a surname
| ‖ 允(まこと) • (Makoto)
|consent • sincerity • permit ‖ a male given name
|允 (eum 윤 (yun))
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|Hán-Nôm : doãn • Hán-Nôm : duẫn
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|偕 • (hae, hye) · 偕 • (hae, hye) (hangeul 해, 혜, revised hae, hye, McCune–Reischauer hae, hye)
|允
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|兒
|Pictogram (象形) : an infant with an imperfect cranium (i.e. fontanelle). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-ŋa-j (“small; inferior; offspring”) (STEDT). Cognate with Burmese ငယ် (ngai, “little; young”), Jingpho shangai (ʃă³¹ ŋai³¹, “to give birth”). \ According to Schuessler (2007), it may be an area word; compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *ŋa(i)k (“baby”), Proto-Bahnaric *ŋaː (“baby”), Khmer ង៉ា (ngaa, “infant; baby”). The word is also cognate with 倪 (OC *ŋeː, “small and weak”). 伢 is the southern dialectal form of 兒 (MC nye, “child; son”). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄦˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jî • Middle-Chinese : nye ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngai⁴ • Middle-Chinese : ngej
|(now in compounds) child • one's own child; son • (now in compounds) (male) adolescent • (attributive, of animals) male • Non-syllabic noun diminutive suffix. • Suffix after nouns that does not indicate diminutiveness. • Suffix added to some verbs or adjectives to form nouns. • Suffix after a limited number of verbs. • Suffix after certain nouns that result in a different meaning from the unsuffixed form. • Suffix after reduplicated adjectives. ‖ a surname • Alternative form of 齯／𫠜 (ní, “teeth grown in old age”) • Alternative form of 倪 (“small and weak”) • Alternative form of 郳 (Ní)
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|偕
|Kyūjitai form of 児 (“child; young of animals”) • Used in personal names.
|兒 (eumhun 아이 아 (ai a)) ‖ 兒 (eumhun 다시 난 이 예 (dasi nan i ye))
|hanja form of 아 (“child”) ‖ hanja form of 예 (“used in personal names”)
|canonical : 兒: Hán Việt readings: nhi • canonical : nghê 兒: Nôm readings: nhẻ
|chữ Hán form of nhi (“child”).
|兒
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|傀
|兔
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : faai³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ka ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwai¹
|Pictogram (象形) – a rabbit. \ Probably Sino-Tibetan; compare Japhug qala (“rabbit”) (with animal prefix qa-), Lisu ꓕꓳꓽ ꓡꓻ (tʰò lɑ) (Schuessler, 2007; Zhang et al., 2019). ‖
|Only used in 傀儡 (kuǐlěi, “puppet”). ‖ odd; peculiar; extraordinary • great
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thòo • Middle-Chinese : thuH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢ
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|leporid; rabbit or hare • moon • Short for 伏兔 (“a component of a chariot”). • a surname ‖ Mercury (planet)
|large
|傀 (eumhun 꼭두각시/허수아비 괴 (kkokdugaksi/heosuabi goe)) ‖ 傀 (eumhun 클 괴 (keul goe))
|Hanja form of 괴 (“puppet”). ‖ (literary) Hanja form of 괴 (“large”).
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|傀
|Rabbit
|兔 (eumhun 토끼 토 (tokki to))
|hanja form of 토 (“rabbit, hare”)
|Hán-Nôm : thố • Hán-Nôm : thỏ
|Rabbit • (by extension) a leporid
|兔
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|傖
|兜
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄤ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄥˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄔㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caang⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cong¹
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 𠑹 (“cover”) + 皃 (“head”): a helmet. \ Baxter and Sagart (2014) suggests a connection to 頭 (OC *[m-t]ˤo, “head”). See there for more. ‖
|vulgar person, country man
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dau¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄡㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : too • Middle-Chinese : tuw ‖
|helmet; hood • helmet-shaped • armor • to wrap in a bag; to encase; to carry in a wrap • bag; pouch; plastic bag • pocket • to pocket; to keep; to retain; to acquire dishonestly • to reach • to move around; to move in a circle • to canvass; to solicit • to take responsibility for • to relate in detail • to peddle; to hawk • (Hokkien) home • (Hokkien) nearby • (Singapore Hokkien) place; side; location • (Cantonese) flat or shallow container; flat or shallow bowl • (Cantonese) to contain; to hold in a container; to hold with one's hand(s) in a horizontal positional • (Cantonese) to make a detour; to bypass; to deviate • (Cantonese, of routes or journeys) indirect; lengthy; with detours or deviations • (Cantonese) to explain one's way out of a bad situation • (Cantonese) Classifier for things put in a flat or shallow container. • (Cantonese) to scoop with a flat or shallow container • (Cantonese) to hit with one's limbs, in a curved trajectory; to slap (someone); to kick ‖ (Hakka) some; a few; a little; a bit (an indefinite amount) • (Hakka) Plural marker for pronouns.
| ‖ 兜(かぶと) • (kabuto)
| ‖ helmet
|兜 (eum 두 (du))
|(투구 두, tugu-): helmet (especially, made of iron)
|Hán-Nôm : đâu
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|vulgar person • country man
|兜
|傖 • (chang) · 傖 • (chang) (hangeul 창, revised chang, McCune–Reischauer ch'ang)
|vulgar person • country man
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|傖
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|傢
|兢
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaa¹
|Possibly the vocalic variant of 驚 (OC *kreŋ, “to be afraid; to alarm”) (Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with 謹 (OC *kɯnʔ, “to be careful; to be attentive”).
|stubborn, obstinate, intransigent
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ging¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : king • Middle-Chinese : king
|(ideophonic) fearful; cautious
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|傢 (eum 가 (ga))
|兢 (eum 긍 (geung))
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|Hán-Nôm : cạnh • Hán-Nôm : ganh • Hán-Nôm : căng • Hán-Nôm : giằng
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|傢
|兢
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|傭
|內
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iong ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cung¹
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 冂 (“city outskirts”) + 入 (“to enter”) – entering the city through its outskirts - inside, within. \ Related to 入 (OC *njub, “to enter”); see there for more. ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 冂 (“city outskirts”) + 入 (“to enter”) – entering the city through its outskirts - inside, within. \ Related to 入 (OC *njub, “to enter”); see there for more.
|servant; maid • to employ; to hire • salary; wages • Alternative form of 庸 (“ordinary; mediocre; a kind of tax during the Tang dynasty”) ‖ equal; even; fair; just
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄟˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lāi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lǎi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luē • Middle-Chinese : nwojH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naap⁶
| ‖ 傭(よう) • (yō)
|inside; interior; internal; inner • (obsolete) room; inner room • (literary) court; imperial palace • woman; wife • heart; mind; self • (traditional Chinese medicine) internal organs • (Buddhism) within Buddhism • 65th tetragram of the Taixuanjing (𝍆) • (Teochew) family • (Teochew) home • (Internet slang) Alternative form of 那 • (Philippine Hokkien) Classifier for servings / helpings of food. ‖ to enter • Original form of 納／纳 (nà, “to pay”).
|employ, hire ‖ hire; employ
|傭 (eumhun 품팔이 용 (pumpari yong)) ‖ 傭 (eumhun 고를 총 (goreul chong))
|Hanja form of 용 (“employ; hire”). ‖ (literary Chinese) Hanja form of 총 (“even; fair”).
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|傭
|Kyūjitai form of 内
|內 (eumhun 안 내 (an nae))
|hanja form of 내 (“inside; within”) [dependent noun; prefix]
|Hán-Nôm : nội ‖ romanization : nội
| ‖ chữ Hán form of nội. · in; inside; within • chữ Hán form of nội. · inside one's heart; internal; psychological • chữ Hán form of nội. · imperial palace; royal court • chữ Hán form of nội. · wife (and concubine) • chữ Hán form of nội. · woman; a woman's beauty • chữ Hán form of nội. · bedroom; room • chữ Hán form of nội. · internal organs; entrails, bowels, guts • chữ Hán form of nội. · a surname
|內
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|僑
|兩
|Cantonese · Jyutping : kiu⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiâu
|According to Shuowen Jiezi an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 一 + 㒳. Baxter (1992) observes that, in historical forms, the character is two 丙 (OC *praŋʔ) joined together; this would make 丙 the phonetic component in a sort of phono-ideogrammic compound (see also Baxter & Sagart (2014)). \ Unknown. Schuessler (2007) proposes two possible etymologies: \ * Borrowing from Kra-Dai; compare Proto-Tai *rawᴬ (“we”) > Thai เรา (rao, “we”), Zhuang raeuz (“we (inclusive)”); Proto-Kam-Sui *hra¹ (“two”) > Southern Kam yac (“two”), Sui xgaz (“two”). \ * Cognate with Tibetan སྲང (srang, “balance; scale; weight; unit of weight”). \ Derivative: 輛 (OC *raŋs, “chariot”) (literally “that which is paired”, i.e. “a set of wheels”). ‖ According to Shuowen Jiezi an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 一 + 㒳. Baxter (1992) observes that, in historical forms, the character is two 丙 (OC *praŋʔ) joined together; this would make 丙 the phonetic component in a sort of phono-ideogrammic compound (see also Baxter & Sagart (2014)). \ Unknown. Schuessler (2007) proposes two possible etymologies: \ * Borrowing from Kra-Dai; compare Proto-Tai *rawᴬ (“we”) > Thai เรา (rao, “we”), Zhuang raeuz (“we (inclusive)”); Proto-Kam-Sui *hra¹ (“two”) > Southern Kam yac (“two”), Sui xgaz (“two”). \ * Cognate with Tibetan སྲང (srang, “balance; scale; weight; unit of weight”). \ Derivative: 輛 (OC *raŋs, “chariot”) (literally “that which is paired”, i.e. “a set of wheels”). ‖ According to Shuowen Jiezi an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 一 + 㒳. Baxter (1992) observes that, in historical forms, the character is two 丙 (OC *praŋʔ) joined together; this would make 丙 the phonetic component in a sort of phono-ideogrammic compound (see also Baxter & Sagart (2014)). \ Unknown. Schuessler (2007) proposes two possible etymologies: \ * Borrowing from Kra-Dai; compare Proto-Tai *rawᴬ (“we”) > Thai เรา (rao, “we”), Zhuang raeuz (“we (inclusive)”); Proto-Kam-Sui *hra¹ (“two”) > Southern Kam yac (“two”), Sui xgaz (“two”). \ * Cognate with Tibetan སྲང (srang, “balance; scale; weight; unit of weight”). \ Derivative: 輛 (OC *raŋs, “chariot”) (literally “that which is paired”, i.e. “a set of wheels”).
|to reside abroad; to sojourn; to lodge • people residing abroad • (historical) related to refugees who escaped Xianbei rule in the Sixteen Kingdoms period and resettled in areas still controlled by the Eastern Jin government • diaspora
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄤˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nn̄g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nňg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nōo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liáng • Middle-Chinese : ljangX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄤˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : niú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nióo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : niáu • Middle-Chinese : ljangX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : loeng⁶ • Middle-Chinese : ljangH
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|two • two (used in radio communications in aviation and by the military) • some; few • different; distinct • a surname ‖ tael (a traditional unit of weight) · (Mainland China) Short for 市兩／市两 (shìliǎng, “market tael, equal to 1/10 of a catty or 50 grams”). • tael (a traditional unit of weight) · (Hong Kong) equal to 1/16 of a catty or 37.7994 grams • tael (a traditional unit of weight) · (Taiwan) Short for 臺兩／台两 (“Taiwanese tael, equal to 1/16 of a catty or 37.5 grams”). • tael (a traditional unit of weight) · (historical) metal currency unit used in China and Japan • Short for 公兩／公两 (gōngliǎng, “hectogram”). ‖ Original form of 輛／辆 (liàng).
|person residing abroad
|僑 • (gyo) · 僑 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo)
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|
|(literary) a person who takes up residence in a foreign country
|both
|僑
|兩 (eumhun 두 량 (du ryang), word-initial (South Korea) 두 양 (du yang)) ‖ 兩 (eumhun 냥 냥 (nyang nyang), word-initial (South Korea) 냥 양 (nyang yang))
|hanja form of 량 (“both”) ‖ hanja form of 냥 (“(archaic) (units of measure) a liang or tael, a unit of weight equivalent to about 40 g”) • hanja form of 냥 (“(archaic) (units of coinage) a nyang”)
|Hán-Nôm : lưỡng • Hán-Nôm : lượng • Hán-Nôm : lạng
|Nôm form of lạng (“tael (unit of weight equal to 37.8 grams)”). • chữ Hán form of lượng (“tael”). • chữ Hán form of lưỡng (“two, both”).
|兩
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|僖
|兮
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hei¹
|Originally the same character as 乎 (OC *ɢaː). The oracle bone form consists of 丂 (“fork in a tree”) and two vertical strokes above; the two strokes are parallel in most oracle bone attestations, possibly representing finer branches (i.e. the sound produced by wind blows past these branches).
|joyful; happy; glad; delighted • a surname
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hê • Middle-Chinese : hej
|(literary) Sentence-internal or final exclamatory particle. • (Central Min, Puxian Min) Possessive particle. • (Southern Min) Alternative form of 个 (possessive particle)
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|僖 • (hui) · 僖 • (hui) (hangeul 희)
|兮 (eum 혜 (hye))
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|
|Hán-Nôm : hề
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|僖
|兮
|-
|-
|僥
|冀
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hiu¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : giu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : giu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiáu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiau ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *krɯls) : semantic 北 + phonetic 異 (OC *lɯɡs).
|lucky • by chance; by luck ‖ Only used in 僬僥／僬侥. ‖ fake
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kì • Middle-Chinese : kijH
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|to look forward to; to hope for; to wish • Alternative name for 河北 (Héběi, “Hebei, a province of China”).
|
| ‖ 冀(き) • (ki) ‖ 冀(き) • (Ki)
|僥 (eum 요 (yo))
| ‖ hope for, look forward to, wish ‖ (historical) Short for 冀州 (Kishū): Ji Province • Synonym of 河北 (Kahoku): Hebei Province
|
|冀 (eumhun 바랄 기 (baral gi))
|hanja form of 기 (“to hope; to wish”)
|Hán-Nôm : kí
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|僥
|冀
|-
|-
|僮
|冉
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tung⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zong⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zong³
|Pictogram (象形) – uncertain. Possibly depicts hair hanging down (the original form of 髯) or the edge of a turtle shell (the original form of 𪚮).
|boy • servant • (historical) page; boy servant • ignorant • Alternative form of 動／动 (dòng) • a surname ‖ (obsolete) (～族) Alternative name for 壯／壮 (zhuàng, “Zhuang (people)”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liám • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiám • Middle-Chinese : nyem • Middle-Chinese : nyemX
|(archaic) edge of a turtle shell • Used in 冉冉 (rǎnrǎn). • (obsolete) tender; weak • a surname
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|
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|僮 (eum 동 (dong))
|冉 (eum 염 (yeom))
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|Hán-Nôm : nhiễm
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|僮
|冉
|-
|-
|僱
|冗
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gu³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kòo
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 宀 (“roof”) + 儿 (“person”) — a person at home without work to do.
|to employ; to hire • to be employed; to be hired • to rent; to lease • a surname: Gu
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jióng
|superfluous; unnecessary; surplus; uncalled-for; spare; excessive; redundant • complicated and tedious; overloaded with details • busy routine
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|superfluous • uselessness
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|
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|canonical : 冗: Hán Việt readings: nhũng 冗: Nôm readings: nũng • canonical : nhõng • canonical : nhũng • canonical : đem • canonical : nhùng
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|冗
|-
|冤
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 冖 (“cover”) + 兔 (“rabbit”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : un • Middle-Chinese : 'jwon
|to wrong; to treat unjustly • not cost-effective • (literary, or in compounds) grievance; unjust • (literary, or in compounds) enmity; hatred • (Cantonese) to pester; to bother; to annoy • (Cantonese) Alternative form of 㾓 (jyun¹, “sore; achy and tired”) • (Southern Min) to argue; to quarrel
| ‖ 冤(えん) • (en) ^(←ゑん (wen)?)
|false charge • hatred ‖ false charge
|冤 (eumhun 원통할 원 (wontonghal won))
|hanja form of 원 (“grievance; injustice; wrong”)
|Hán-Nôm : oan
|
|
|僱
|冤
|-
|-
|儂
|冰
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lâng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lông ‖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pŋrɯŋ, *ŋrɯŋ) : semantic 水 + phonetic 仌 (OC *pŋrɯŋ, *ŋrɯŋ). \ The above vulgar character in Shuowen Jiezi is 凝. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-p(w)am (“to freeze; snow”) (provisionally reconstructed). Compare Proto-Tani *pam (“snow”), Japhug jpɣom (“to freeze”), tɤjpɣom (“ice”), and perhaps Tangut 𘒓 (*par¹, “to congeal”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007; Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019; Jacques, 2014). \ Within Chinese, 凌 (OC *rɯŋ, “ice”) and possibly 凝 (OC *ŋrɯŋ, “to congeal”) are usually considered cognates (STEDT; Zhengzhang, 2003; Schuessler, 2007; Baxter and Sagart, 2014). However, they are phonologically difficult to reconcile with the Tibeto-Burman cognates above (cf. Schuessler, 2007). \ STEDT also includes 雱 (OC *pʰaːŋ, “heavy (snowfall)”) and 霙 (OC *qraŋ, “snowflake”) in the Chinese comparandum of Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-p(w)am. \ Alternatively, this may be related to Old Khmer ប្រិង៑ (“to harden; to solidify”), from រិង៑ (“to dry up”), although the meanings are difficult to reconcile (Schuessler, 2007).
|(coastal Min, dialectal Wu) person; human being (Classifier: 隻／只 md; 個／个 mn) • (coastal Min) a person associated with a particular identity or trait; -er • (coastal Min) physical, psychological or moral quality or condition • (coastal Min) others; other people • (Wu, coastal Min) I; me • (archaic or Wu) you (singular) • (dialectal Wu) he, him; she, her; it • (Min, Wu) Suffix for pronouns, functioning as a meaningless particle or a pluralising particle. • a surname. Nong ‖ (dialectal Cantonese) child • (dialectal Cantonese) son • (Leizhou Min) infant • (Hainanese, polite, humble) Used as a first-person singular pronoun, especially used by someone in the younger generation. • (Hainanese, endearing) A pronoun used by someone in the older generation to refer to someone in the younger generation.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ping • Middle-Chinese : ping
| ‖ 儂(わし) • (washi)
|ice (Classifier: 塊／块 m c; 嚿 c) • ice-cold • to freeze; to ice • (slang, drug) methamphetamine; meth; ice • a surname: Bing
| ‖ (mainly Western Japan) I, me
|儂 (eum 농 (nong))
|
|
|Alternative form of 氷
|冰 (eumhun 얼음 빙 (eoreum bing))
|Alternative form of 氷 (“hanja form of 빙 (“ice”)”)
|canonical : 冰: Hán Việt readings: băng 冰: Nôm readings: băng • canonical : phăng • canonical : bâng • canonical : văng • canonical : bưng
|chữ Hán form of băng (“ice”).
|冰
|-
|凌
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯŋ) : semantic 冫 (“ice”) + phonetic 夌 (OC *rɯŋ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-p(w)am (“to freeze; snow”) (provisionally reconstructed) (STEDT). \ :Insides Sinitic, 凌 (OC *p.rəŋ ~ [r]əŋ) is cognate with 冰 (OC *p.rəŋ), 雱 (OC *pʰˁaŋ) "heavy snowfall", 霙 (OC *qraŋ, “*ʔraŋ”) "snowflake, sleet", & possibly also 凝 (OC [ŋ](r)əŋ) "to congeal" (STEDT; Baxter and Sagart, 2014); \ :Outsides Sinitic, cognate with Proto-Tani *pam (“snow”), Japhug jpɣom (“to freeze”), tɤjpɣom (“ice”) (STEDT; Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019). \ Alternatively, 冰 (OC *prjəŋ ~ prəŋ?) and 凌 (OC *b-rjəŋ ~ rəŋ) may be related to Old Khmer ប្រិង៑ (“to harden; to solidify”) from រិង៑ (“to dry up”), although the meanings are difficult to reconcile (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯŋ) : semantic 冫 (“ice”) + phonetic 夌 (OC *rɯŋ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-p(w)am (“to freeze; snow”) (provisionally reconstructed) (STEDT). \ :Insides Sinitic, 凌 (OC *p.rəŋ ~ [r]əŋ) is cognate with 冰 (OC *p.rəŋ), 雱 (OC *pʰˁaŋ) "heavy snowfall", 霙 (OC *qraŋ, “*ʔraŋ”) "snowflake, sleet", & possibly also 凝 (OC [ŋ](r)əŋ) "to congeal" (STEDT; Baxter and Sagart, 2014); \ :Outsides Sinitic, cognate with Proto-Tani *pam (“snow”), Japhug jpɣom (“to freeze”), tɤjpɣom (“ice”) (STEDT; Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019). \ Alternatively, 冰 (OC *prjəŋ ~ prəŋ?) and 凌 (OC *b-rjəŋ ~ rəŋ) may be related to Old Khmer ប្រិង៑ (“to harden; to solidify”) from រិង៑ (“to dry up”), although the meanings are difficult to reconcile (Schuessler, 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Middle-Chinese : ling ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄥˋ
|ice • to rise high; to go up; to climb over; to traverse • to place oneself above; to override; to transgress • to ride (wind, etc.) • to bully and humiliate; to insult; to encroach on; to invade • to risk; to brave • to approach; to draw near; to close in on • to tremble • disorderly; messy • a surname ‖ to freeze up; to form ice
|
|
|儂
|endure • keep (rain) out • stave off • tide over • defy • slight • surpass
|凌 (eumhun 업신여길 릉 (eopsinyeogil reung), word-initial (South Korea) 업신여길 능 (eopsinyeogil neung)) · 凌 (eumhun 능가할 릉 (neunggahal reung), word-initial (South Korea) 능가할 능 (neunggahal neung))
|hanja form of 릉 (“to place oneself above; to override”)
|Hán-Nôm : lăng • Hán-Nôm : lăn • Hán-Nôm : lâng • Hán-Nôm : lừng • Hán-Nôm : rưng • Hán-Nôm : dưng
|Surname
|凌
|-
|-
|儈
|几
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kui² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuè
|Pictogram (象形) – stool (viewed from the side). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *krəj (“foot, leg; stool”). Compare Tibetan ཁྲི (khri) and Burmese ခြေ (hkre).
|go-between, broker, proxy
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kí • Middle-Chinese : kjijX
|stool; chair • long narrow table; bench • small table
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|
|table, table enclosure • table or wind radical
|几 (eumhun 안석 궤 (anseok gwe))
|back rest • desk
|Hán-Nôm : kỉ
|
|
|儈 (eum 괴 (goe))
|几
|
|
|儈
|-
|-
|儐
|凰
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄣ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ban³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pin ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ban¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pin
|Originally 皇. A spurious 𠘨 was added by the assimilation with 鳳.
|to entertain guests • someone who entertains guests • to display; to exhibit • Alternative form of 擯／摈 (bìn, “to reject; to abandon; to discard”) ‖ to respect • Alternative form of 顰／颦 (pín, “to frown; to knit one's brows”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hông • Middle-Chinese : hwang
|(Chinese mythology) female fenghuang (a mythological bird)
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|a female phoenix
|凰 (eum 황 (hwang))
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|儐 • (bin) · 儐 • (bin) (hangeul 빈, revised bin, McCune–Reischauer pin)
|Hán-Nôm : hoàng
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|凰
|儐
|-
|-
|儔
|凳
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiû ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄠˋ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tɯːŋs) : phonetic 登 (OC *tɯːŋ) + semantic 几 (“table; stool”).
|companion, mate, colleague • people of the same kind • to match; to be on par with • who ‖ ^‡ Alternative term for 華蓋／华盖 (huágài). • ^‡ hide; conceal
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄥˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tìng • Middle-Chinese : tongH
|bench, stool • (dialectal) chair (Classifier: 張／张 c)
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|companion, mate, colleague
|儔 (eum 주 (ju))
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|凳 (eum 등 (deung))
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|儔
|Hán-Nôm : đắng • Hán-Nôm : đẵng • Hán-Nôm : đặng
|-
|儘
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeon² • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeon⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsīn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsǐn
|utmost; extreme; furthest • to do one's utmost; to do all one can; to do one's best • to give priority to
| ‖ 儘(まま) or 儘(まんま) • (mama or manma)
|as it is ‖ the same, unchanged state; state as it is • (mostly in the form 儘になる (mama ni naru)) the desired or ideal state; freedom • act of leaving things as it is • (writing and editing) ママ: sic, as it is
|儘 (eum 진 (jin))
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|儘
|凳
|-
|-
|儡
|函
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lér • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lé
|Originally 圅, a pictogram (象形) – an upside-down arrow stored inside a box with one or two handles.
|Only used in 傀儡 (kuǐlěi).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haam⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hâm • Middle-Chinese : hom • Middle-Chinese : heam
|^† to include • ^† box • (formal) letter (Classifier: 個／个 m)
| ‖
|a box-shaped receptacle, e.g. a coin bank or letter box (e.g. 銭函, 投函する) • to insert [into a container] (cf. 入れる, 容れる) • a suit of armor (more commonly 鎧) ‖
|函 (eumhun 함 함 (ham ham))
|hanja form of 함 (“box”) [noun]
|Hán-Nôm : hòm • Hán-Nôm : hàm
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|puppet • defeat
|函
|儡 (eumhun 꼭두각시 뢰 (kkokdugaksi roe), South Korea 꼭두각시 뇌 (kkokdugaksi noe))
|Hanja form of 뢰/뇌 (“puppet”).
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|儡
|-
|-
|儲
|刁
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyu⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cou⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyu⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thîr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thû
|Variant of 刀 (dāo).
|to store; to reserve; to save money • stockpiled materials • to wait; to await • heir to the throne • Used in 儲與／储与. • a surname
|Cantonese · Jyutping : diu¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄠ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiau • Middle-Chinese : tew
|
|treacherous; crafty; deceitful • to tempt • unkind • stammering • picky about food • to wring • to inveigle • ear of grains • to make (time) • a surname
|profit
| ‖ 刁(とら) • (Tora)
|儲 (eum 저 (jeo))
| ‖ (obsolete, used in 15-17 century) Alternative form of 寅 (the third of the twelve Earthly Branches)
|刁 (eum 조 (jo))
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|Hán-Nôm : điêu
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|儲
|刁
|-
|-
|儷
|刈
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lî ‖
|Originally written 乂. Now phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋads) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : phonetic 乂 (OC *ŋads, “to mow”) + semantic 刂 (“knife”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-ŋa-p (“to mow, cut, reap”) (STEDT, Schuessler, 2007). \ Cognate with Tibetan རྔ་བ (rnga ba), བརྔས (brngas), and colloquial Western Tibetan རྔབ་བ (rngab ba), which Coblin (1986) and STEDT treat as more conservative.
|married couple • (poetry) of a couplet ‖ (Eastern Min) only
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngaai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngāi • Middle-Chinese : ngjojH
|
|to mow; to cut; to weed • (obsolete) crops that have been cut • (literary) sickle • (literary) to kill; to chop; to lop • (literary) to eradicate; to eliminate • a surname
|companion
|儷 (eum 려 (ryeo))
|
|
|reap, cut (grass or other plants), prune
|刈 (eumhun 깍을 예 (kkageul ye))
|hanja form of 예 (“to mow”)
|Hán-Nôm : ngãi
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|儷
|刈
|-
|-
|儼
|划
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : giám
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koːlʔ, *koːls, *ɡroːl) : phonetic 戈 (OC *koːl) + semantic 刀. ‖
|(literary) grave, respectful, majestic • (literary) as if, seemingly, like • to raise one's head • neatly arranged
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waa⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huâ • Middle-Chinese : hwae ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : kò
|to row; to paddle • to calculate; to be profitable; to be a good deal ‖ to row; to paddle
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|儼 (eum 엄 (eom))
|划 (eum 화 (hwa))
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|Hán-Nôm : hoa • Hán-Nôm : quả
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|儼
|划
|-
|-
|兀
|別
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngat⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gu̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gut • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gert ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngat⁶ ‖  ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngat⁶
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 冎 (“bone”) + 刂 (“knife”) – to cut up bone and flesh. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *brat (“cut apart, cut open”). Cognate to 八 (OC *preːd, “to divide; to differentiate”), 列 (OC *red), 裂 (OC *red). \ Mei (2008) proposes that the intransitive sense "to leave, to part" (with voiced initial *b- in Middle Chinese) is primary and that the transitive sense "to discriminate, to discriminate" (with voiceless initial *p-) is derived from the intransitive sense with the Old Chinese causative prefix *s-, resulting in a devoicing effect: *s-b- > *s-p- > *p-; compare 黑 (OC *s-mək, “black”) from 墨 (OC *mək, “ink”). On the other hand, Sagart and Baxter (2012) consider the intransitive sense to be derived from the transitive sense (*pret) by prefixation of *N-, resulting in a voicing effect: *N-p- > *N-b- > *b-; compare 敗 (OC *N-pˤrat-s, “to suffer defeat”) from 敗 (OC *pˤrat-s, “to defeat”). \ Sense "do not" is a contraction of 不要 (bùyào).
|towering • bald • to cut off the feet • unpeaceful • a surname ‖ Only used in 兀禿／兀秃. ‖ (dialectal Mandarin, Jin) that • (archaic) Used before pronouns to form bisyllabic pronouns. ‖ (Northern Min) that ‖ still; yet
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄝˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pa̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pia̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piat • Middle-Chinese : bjet • Middle-Chinese : pjet
|(literary) to divide; to separate • to distinguish; to differentiate; to discriminate • distinction; difference; contrast • group; class; kind • to leave; to part • (Wu, dialectal Mandarin) to turn; to change • to pin; to clip • to stick something in; to bolt • (Southern Min) to interpret (one's fortune); to predicate • another; other • special; unique; peculiar; particular • misspelled; erroneous • by oneself; on one's own; separately • had better not; do not; don't • particle used with 是 after it to express supposition, often an imagined unfavourable scenario • a surname
| ‖ 別(べつ) • (betsu) -na (adnominal 別(べつ)な (betsu na), adverbial 別(べつ)に (betsu ni)) ‖ 別(べつ) • (betsu) ‖ 別(べつ) • (-betsu) ‖ 別(べち) • (bechi) ^†-nari ‖ 別(べち) • (bechi)
| ‖ different, separate, another ‖ difference • another • exception ‖ separated by ‖ different, separate, another ‖ difference
|別 (eumhun 다를 별 (dareul byeol))
|hanja form of 별 (“difference”)
|Hán-Nôm : biệt • Hán-Nôm : biết • Hán-Nôm : bét • Hán-Nôm : bết • Hán-Nôm : bệt • Hán-Nôm : bịt • Hán-Nôm : bẹt • Hán-Nôm : bít
|
|
|towering; high • bald
|別
|兀 (eum 올 (ol))
|-
|刨
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bruː) : phonetic 包 (OC *pruː) + semantic 刀 (“knife”). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phâu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paau⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paau⁴⁻² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phâu
|to dig • (Mandarin, colloquial) to deduct; to take away; to exclude ‖ plane; planer; planing machine • to shave; to plane • (Cantonese, Shanghainese) grater • (Cantonese) to grate
|
|
|carpenter's plane • plane • level
|刨 (eum 포 (po))
|carpenter's plane • plane • level
|Hán-Nôm : bào
|
|
|兀
|刨
|-
|-
|兇
|刮
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiong
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kroːd) : phonetic 𠯑 (OC *ɡroːd) + semantic 刀 (“knife”). ‖
|terrible; fearful • fierce; ferocious • ruffian; evildoer; criminal • act of violence; murder; evil • (Quanzhou, Jinjiang and Philippine Hokkien) ugly • (Cantonese) to intimidate
|Cantonese · Jyutping : gwaat³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄚ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuih • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kueh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khue • Middle-Chinese : kwaet ‖
|to shave; to pare off; to scrape • Alternative form of 颳／刮 (guā, “to blow”) • to wipe; to sweep • to plunder; to extort • (colloquial) to reprimand; to scold • (Cantonese, slang) to find someone ‖ (Hakka) very
|
|
|ill luck
|兇 (eumhun 흉악할 흉 (hyung'akhal hyung))
|
|
|刮 (eumhun 깎을 괄 (kkakkeul gwal))
|hanja form of 괄 (“to cut; to shave; to peel”)
|canonical : 刮: Hán Việt readings: quát 刮: Nôm readings: quát
|chữ Hán form of quát (“to scrape off; to pare; to make thin”). • Nôm form of quát (“to shout; to storm; to yell”).
|刮
|-
|剃
|Possibly a post-Han variant of 剔 (OC *l̥ʰeːɡ) (Schuessler, 2007).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : tai³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thih • Middle-Chinese : thejH
|to shave (hair)
|
|
|兇
|to shave
|-
|剃 • (che) · 剃 • (che) (hangeul 체)
|兌
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : deoi³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : deoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luí
|to exchange • ☱, the 2nd of the 8 trigrams • 58th hexagram of the I Ching • a surname
|
|
|exchange
|兌 • (tae, ye) · 兌 • (tae, ye) (hangeul 태, 예, revised tae, ye, McCune–Reischauer t'ae, ye)
|
|
|
|
|兌
|剃
|-
|-
|兑
|剔
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰeːɡ) : phonetic 易 (OC *leːɡs, *leɡ) + semantic 刀 (“knife”). ‖  ‖ Borrowed from English tick (Cheung, 2007, page 219). \ ; "to take (attendance)"
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiak • Middle-Chinese : thek ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tai³ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : tik¹
|to pick meat from bones • to pick (with a pointed instrument); to scrape • to pick out; to weed out • (dialectal) to pick; to choose ‖ Alternative form of 剃 (tì, “to shave”) ‖ tick; checkmark • to tick; to put a checkmark • to take (attendance)
| ‖ 剔(てき) • (teki)
| ‖ cutting
|剔 (eum 척 (cheok))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : dịch • Hán-Nôm : tích
|
|
|剔
|-
|剩
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɦljɯŋs) : phonetic 乘 (OC *ɦljɯŋ, *ɦljɯŋs) + semantic 刀. ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sing⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zing⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sīn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sīng • Middle-Chinese : zyingH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshun
|to be left; to remain • (literary, or in compounds) extra; leftover • a surname: Sheng ‖ (Hakka, Hokkien) Alternative form of 伸 (“to be left; to remain”)
|
|
|exchange • convert • dui (one of the trigrams of the I Ching: swamp, west)
|leftover, remainder, residue
|兑 • (tae, ye) · 兑 • (tae, ye) (hangeul 태, 예, revised tae, ye, McCune–Reischauer t'ae, ye)
|剩 • (ing) · 剩 • (ing) (hangeul 잉, revised ing, McCune–Reischauer ing)
|
|leftover • remainder • residue
|
|canonical : 剩: Hán Việt readings: thặng
|兑
|chữ Hán form of thặng (“surplus; remainder”).
|剩
|-
|-
|兕
|剪
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi⁶
|Originally 𣦃 or 前, a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔslenʔ) : phonetic 歬 (OC *zleːn) + semantic 刀 (“knife”). Since 前 has replaced 歬, an additional 刀 has been added.
|a kind of bovine-like animal; traditionally often thought of as a female rhinoceros (Bencao Gangmu), modern research suggests it probably originally referred to wild water buffalo (Schuessler 2007).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : zin² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsián • Middle-Chinese : tsjenX
|to cut (paper, etc.)
|
|
|
|
|兕 (eum 시 (si))
|剪 (eum 전 (jeon))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tiện • Hán-Nôm : tiễn
|
|
|兕
|剪
|-
|-
|兗
|剿
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin²
| ‖
|Only used in 兗州／兖州 (Yǎnzhōu).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ziu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiáu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiâu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caau¹
|to destroy; to exterminate; to annihilate ‖ Alternative form of 抄 (chāo, “to plagiarize”)
|
|
|
|
|兗 • (yeon) · 兗 • (yeon) (hangeul 연, revised yeon, McCune–Reischauer yŏn)
|剿 (eum 초 (cho))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tiễu • Hán-Nôm : thẹo • Hán-Nôm : tĩu
|
|
|兗
|剿
|-
|-
|党
|劃
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dong² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tóng
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰʷreːɡ, *ɡʷreːɡ) : phonetic 畫 (OC *ɡʷreːɡs, *ɡʷreːɡ) + semantic 刂 (“knife”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰʷreːɡ, *ɡʷreːɡ) : phonetic 畫 (OC *ɡʷreːɡs, *ɡʷreːɡ) + semantic 刂 (“knife”).
|a surname • Used in 党項／党项 (Dǎngxiàng).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄚˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waak⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ue̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ui̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ua̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hi̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huā • Middle-Chinese : hweak • Middle-Chinese : xweak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄏㄨㄞ
| ‖  ‖ 党(とう) • (tō) ‖ 党(とう) • (-tō) ‖ 党(たむら) • (tamura)
|to delimit; to differentiate；to divide; to mark off • to transfer (money, accounts, etc.) • to assign (task, etc.) • to plan • to gesture as a signal • to scratch; to cut (the surface) • Alternative form of 畫／画 (“stroke of a Chinese character (line drawn with a writing implement)”) • (dialectal) Alternative form of 畫／画 (“horizontal stroke of a Chinese character”) • Used in 劃然／划然. • (South Korean idol fandom, humorous) NCT (group) ‖ Only used in 㓦劃／㓦划 (bāihuai).
|Mostly used in 党(タン)項(グート) (tangūto, “Tangut”) ‖ political party ‖ political party ‖ political party ‖ Alternative form of 屯
|
|
|
|
|劃 (eumhun 그을 획 (geueul hoek))
|hanja form of 획 (“to carve; to set in stone”) • hanja form of 획 (“to plan”) • hanja form of 획 (“to draw a line; to mark”)
|Hán-Nôm : vạch • Hán-Nôm : hoạch • Hán-Nôm : đạch • Hán-Nôm : gạch • Hán-Nôm : hoa
|
|
|党
|劃
|-
|-
|内
|劈
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pik¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pek³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pek⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phik • Middle-Chinese : phek
|to slit; to chop; to cleave • to crack; to split open • (dialectal, of voice) to become hoarse • to be right against (one's head, face, etc.) • (of lightning) to strike; to destroy • wedge • (fencing) to cut; to deliver an attack with a chopping motion, landing on the edge or tip of the weapon • (fencing) a cut • to divide; to split • to break off; to strip off • (Cantonese) to cut down prices sharply • (Cantonese) to drink large amount of alcohol • (Cantonese) to drive at high speed
|
|
| ‖ 内(うち) • (uchi) ‖ 内(うち) • (uchi) ‖ 内(ない) • (nai) ‖ 内(ない) • (nai) ‖ 内(だい) • (dai)
| ‖ the inside, within (a physical location) • something between, among • something while, during, inside or within a span of time • (when used possessively) one’s own, my, our ‖ (informal, women's speech) I, me ‖ the inside or middle (of something) • (Buddhism) Buddhist teachings on the inner self or ego, as opposed to non-Buddhist ones ‖ inside • mainland ‖ inside, interior, inner • imperial court
|内 (eumhun 안 내 (an nae)) ‖ 内 (eumhun 들일 납 (deuril nap))
| ‖
|
|
|内
|劈 • (byeok) · 劈 • (byeok) (hangeul 벽, revised byeok, McCune–Reischauer pyŏk)
|
|canonical : 劈: Hán Việt readings: phách
|Chữ Hán form of phách (“to split; to chop (the wood)”).
|劈
|-
|-
|冑
|劍
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zau⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiū
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kams) : phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam) + semantic 刂. \ Schuessler (2007) proposes a possible native origin, from *k-nominalized adjective 剡 (OC *ɦljamʔ, *lamʔ), which is from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-rjam (“sharp”) and lost its *r- initial due to folk etymology; doublets 磏 (OC *r(i)am, “whetstone”) and 鐮 (OC *ɡ·rem, “sickle”) retain *r-. \ Alternatively, the double-edged sword seemingly originated from the southern state of Wu (吳); so a native Wu term, of unknown linguistic affiliation, might have yielded both Old Chinese 劍 (OC *kams) and Proto-Vietic *t-kɨəm ( > Vietnamese gươm).
|(historical) helmet worn by warriors in ancient times
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiàm • Middle-Chinese : kjaemH
| ‖ 冑(かぶと) • (kabuto)
|sword (bladed on both sides); sabre (Classifier: 口; 把) • Classifier for swings of a sword. • a surname
|helmet ‖ Alternative form of 兜
|冑 • (ju) · 冑 • (ju) (hangeul 주, revised ju, McCune–Reischauer chu)
|(투구 주, tugu-): helmet (especially, made of iron)
|
|
|冑
|Kyūjitai form of 剣: double-edged sword; swordsmanship
|劍 (eumhun 칼 검 (kal geom))
|hanja form of 검 (“sword; knife”)
|Hán-Nôm : kiếm • Hán-Nôm : ghém • Hán-Nôm : gươm • Hán-Nôm : kém • Hán-Nôm : chém • Hán-Nôm : sớm
|sword
|劍
|-
|-
|冕
|劫
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : min⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bián
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kab, *kab) : phonetic 去 (OC *kʰaʔ, *kʰas) + semantic 力 (“power, force”) \ ; “(Buddhism) disaster”
|ceremonial cap; crown • (by extension) things similar to a crown
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gip³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiap • Middle-Chinese : kjaep
| ‖ 冕(べん) • (ben)
|to coerce; to compel; to threaten • to rob; to plunder; to take by force • (Buddhism) Short for 劫波 (jiébō, “kalpa”). · (hyperbolic) extremely long time • (Buddhism) Short for 劫波 (jiébō, “kalpa”). · (figurative, by extension) disaster; calamity; catastrophe
| ‖ crown
| ‖ 劫(こう) • (kō) ^(←こふ (kofu)?) ‖ 劫(こう) • (kō) ^(←こふ (kofu)?) ‖ 劫(ごう) • (gō) ^(←ごふ (gofu)?)
|冕 (eumhun 면류관 면 (myeollyugwan myeon))
|intimidate • aeon, eon ‖ (Buddhism) kalpa: a unit of time in Buddhist cosmology ‖ (go) a position in which two alternating stones can be captured and recaptured indefinitely ‖ (Buddhism) kalpa: a unit of time in Buddhist cosmology
|crown
|劫 (eumhun 위협할 겁 (wihyeophal geop))
|hanja form of 겁 (“coerce; threaten”) [affix] • hanja form of 겁 (“kalpa”) [noun]
|Hán-Nôm : kiếp
|
|
|冕
|劫
|-
|-
|写
|劾
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯːɡs, *kʰrɯːɡs, *ɡɯːɡ) : phonetic 亥 (OC *ɡɯːʔ) + semantic 力 (“power”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hat⁶ • Middle-Chinese : kheajH • Middle-Chinese : hojH • Middle-Chinese : hok
|to expose one's crimes • (literary) to try; to convict
|
|
|censure
|劾 (eumhun 꾸짖을 핵 (kkujijeul haek))
|hanja form of 핵 (“scold; inquire”)
|Hán-Nôm : hặc
|
|劾
|-
|勒
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯːɡ) : semantic 革 + phonetic 力 (OC *rɯɡ). ‖ From 在 (MC dzojX) (Dai, 2004). Compare 哉 > 了. Cognate with 垃 (lā). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄜˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lak⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laak⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : li̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : la̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : leh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : le̍h • Middle-Chinese : lok ‖  ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄌㄟ
|(literary) bridle (headgear for a horse) • to rein in; to restrain • to compel; to force; to coerce • to halter; to headstall • (literary) to command; to lead; to lay out (forces) • (colloquial) to strap tightly; to bind tight; to strangle; to tighten • to restrict; to limit • (literary) to cut; to carve; to engrave • to compile; to bind (to make a book) • to write; to draw; to depict • to extort; to blackmail • to tantalise; to provoke • Short for 勒克斯 (lèkèsī, “lux”). • (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to roll up one's sleeves or trousers • (Xiamen Hokkien) to use one's hand to straighten up something • (Quanzhou Hokkien) to make a pleat • a surname: Le ‖ to be at; to be in • at; in • the process of; currently (used to indicate the continuous aspect) • -ed; used to indicate the perfective aspect ‖ Alternative form of 嘞 (“modal particle”)
| ‖ 勒(ろく) • (roku)
|halter and bit ‖ bit (metal in horse's mouth) • headstall • the second of the Eight Principles of Yong
|勒 (eumhun 굴레 륵 (gulle reuk), word-initial (South Korea) 굴레 늑 (gulle neuk))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : lặc • Hán-Nôm : lắc • Hán-Nôm : lấc • Hán-Nôm : lật • Hán-Nôm : lất
|
|
|photograph, copy, replicate, reproduce, transcribe • be photographed • describe
|勒
|-
|勞
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : abbreviated 熒 + 力. ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : abbreviated 熒 + 力. ‖ From English Rolex. Orthography from 勞力士／劳力士.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lô • Middle-Chinese : law ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄠˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁴ • Middle-Chinese : lawH ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : lou¹
|to toil; to do manual labour • (polite) to trouble; to disturb • fatigued; tired • labour; toil; work • meritorious deed • labourer; worker • a surname ‖ to encourage; to console ‖ (Hong Kong Cantonese) Rolex watch (Classifier: 隻／只 c)
|
|
|
|
|勞 (eumhun 일할 로 (ilhal ro), word-initial (South Korea) 일할 노 (ilhal no))
|hanja form of 로/노 (“work”)
|Hán-Nôm : lao • Hán-Nôm : lau • Hán-Nôm : lạo • Hán-Nôm : rạo
|
|
|写
|勞
|-
|-
|冢
|勵
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cung² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thióng
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *m·rads) : phonetic 厲 (OC *m·rads) + semantic 力.
|Original form of 塚／冢 (zhǒng, “mausoleum; tomb; burial mound”). • mountain summit • (prefix) eldest, senior in rank
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lē • Middle-Chinese : ljejH
|to encourage • (literary) to strive • a surname
|
|
|
|
|冢 • (chong) · 冢 • (chong) (hangeul 총, revised chong, McCune–Reischauer ch'ong)
|勵 (eumhun 힘쓸 려 (himsseul ryeo), word-initial (South Korea) 힘쓸 여 (himsseul yeo))
|hanja form of 려/여 (“strive”) • hanja form of 려/여 (“encourage”)
|Hán-Nôm : lệ • Hán-Nôm : lẹ
|
|
|chữ Hán form of trủng (“a grand grave or burial mound”). • Nôm form of trũng (“a deep hole in the ground”). • Nôm form of trổng (“vague, indiscriminate”).
|勵
|冢
|-
|-
|冽
|勸
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lit⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lia̍t
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰons) : phonetic 雚 (OC *koːns) + semantic 力 (“strength”).
|cold; frigid; freezing • Alternative form of 洌 (liè, “pure; clear”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hyun³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khǹg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuìnn • Middle-Chinese : khjwonH
| ‖ 冽(ただし) or 冽(たゞし) • (Tadashi)
|to encourage; to recommend • to advise; to urge; to exhort • to appeal • a surname: Quan
| ‖ a male given name
|
|冽 (eum 렬 (ryeol))
|
|
|勸 (eumhun 권할 권 (gwonhal gwon))
|hanja form of 권 (“recommend, advise, urge”)
|Hán-Nôm : khuyến • Hán-Nôm : khuyên
|
|
|冽
|勸
|-
|-
|凄
|匆
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshang
|hasty; hurried
|
|
|
|
|uncanny • awful, whacking, enormous, bloody, terrible
|匆 (eum 총 (chong))
|凄 (eum 처 (cheo))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : thông
|
|
|凄
|匆
|-
|-
|凋
|匈
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : diu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiau
|to wither; to fall • to exhaust; to fade • (of life and business) depressed; in decline
|
|
|wither, wilt, fade
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiong • Middle-Chinese : xjowng
|凋 (eum 조 (jo))
|Hun, Hunnic • Short for 匈牙利 (Xiōngyálì, “Hungary, Hungarian”). • Used in 匈匈. • Alternative form of 凶 (xiōng, “famine”) • Alternative form of 兇／凶 (xiōng, “fearful; fierce; ferocious”)
| ‖ 匈(きょう) • (kyō)
| ‖ Abbreviation of 匈牙利. Hungary
|匈 (eumhun 오랑캐 흉 (orangkae hyung))
|barbarian • savage • foreigner
|Hán-Nôm : hung
|
|
|
|匈
|凋
|-
|-
|凜
|匕
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lam⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lím
|Pictogram (象形) – a spoon.
|freezing cold • solemn • (literary) fearful
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei² • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pí • Middle-Chinese : pjijX
| ‖ 凜(りん) • (Rin)
|(historical) a kind of spoon in ancient China • (literary) dagger • arrow • people • ^‡ Original form of 妣 (bǐ, “deceased mother”). • Occasionally used as an iteration marker.
| ‖ a female given name
| ‖  
|凜 (eum 름 (reum))
| ‖  
|
|匕 (eumhun 비수 비 (bisu bi))
|
|spoon • dagger
|凜
|Hán-Nôm : chủy • Hán-Nôm : chuỷ
|In Vietnamese Hán Nôm texts, 匕 is used as an iteration marker.
|匕
|-
|-
|凱
|匙
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄞˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hoi² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngoi² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khái
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *dje) : phonetic 是 (OC *djeʔ) + semantic 匕 (“spoon”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *dje) : phonetic 是 (OC *djeʔ) + semantic 匕 (“spoon”).
|music of triumph; paean • triumph; victory • triumphant; victorious • Alternative form of 愷／恺 (kǎi, “peaceful; harmonious”) • (Taiwan, colloquial) generous with money • a surname
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sî • Middle-Chinese : dzye ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄕ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sî • Middle-Chinese : dzye
|
|spoon ‖ key (Classifier: 條／条 c)
|triumph, victory
| ‖ 匙(じ) • (-ji) ‖ 匙(し) • (-shi) ‖ 匙(ひ) • (hi) ‖ 匙(かい) • (kai) ^(←かひ (kafi)?) ‖ 匙(さじ) • (saji) ‖ 匙(しゃじ) • (shaji) ‖ 匙(すくい) • (sukui) ^(←すくひ (sukufi)?)
|凱 (eum 개 (gae))
|spoon ‖ spoon, scoop ‖ spoon, scoop ‖ spoon, scoop ‖ (obsolete) a scoop for food • (archaic, rare) a wooden sword for training ‖ spoon, scoop used for food • more specifically, a spoon or scoop used for compounding medicine • by extension, medicine • by further extension, a doctor ‖ spoon ‖ (rare) a scoop
|匙 (eum 시 (si))
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|Hán-Nôm : thi • Hán-Nôm : thìa • Hán-Nôm : thì • Hán-Nôm : chủy • Hán-Nôm : chuỷ
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|凱
|匙
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|-
|刎
|匣
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : man⁵
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡraːb) : semantic 匚 + phonetic 甲 (OC *kraːb). ‖ Checked-tone variant of 也.
|to cut one's throat (especially in suicide) • to cut off; to sever
|Cantonese · Jyutping : haap⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hap⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : a̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : a̍p • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ha̍p • Middle-Chinese : haep ‖
|
|small box, case ‖ (Suzhounese) also; even
|decapitate
|刎 (eum 문 (mun))
|
|
|box
|匣 (eum 갑 (gap))
|small box, case • coffer
|Hán-Nôm : hạp • Hán-Nôm : hộp • Hán-Nôm : háp • Hán-Nôm : tráp
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|
|刎
|匣
|-
|-
|刪
|匪
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : san
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pɯlʔ) : semantic 匚 (“box”) + phonetic 非 (OC *pɯl) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pɯlʔ) : semantic 匚 (“box”) + phonetic 非 (OC *pɯl) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pɯlʔ) : semantic 匚 (“box”) + phonetic 非 (OC *pɯl)
|to delete • (～日) (telegraphy) the fifteenth day of a month
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄟˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huí • Middle-Chinese : pj+jX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄟ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣ
|robber; bandit; gangster • (Taiwan, officialese, historical, derogatory) of or relating to the "Communist bandits" (共匪 (gòngfěi)) • (literary) not • Original form of 篚 (fěi, “bamboo basket”). • dishonorable; improper (behavior) • that; those • Alternative form of 斐 ‖ Only used in 匪匪. ‖ Alternative form of 分
|
|
|cut down
|bandit, gangster, rogue
|刪 (eum 산 (san))
|匪 • (bi, bun) · 匪 • (bi, bun) (hangeul 비, 분, revised bi, bun, McCune–Reischauer pi, pun)
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|
|Hán-Nôm : phỉ
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|刪
|匪
|-
|-
|别
|匾
|From 扁 (OC *peːnʔ, “flat”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bin² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pín • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pián • Middle-Chinese : penX
|flat • horizontal inscribed board; plaque; silk banner embroidered with eulogy • a kind of round shallow basket
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|匾 (eum 편 (pyeon))
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|
|Alternative form of 別
|Hán-Nôm : biển
|别 (eum 별 (byeol))
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|
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|匾
|别
|-
|-
|刹
|區
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 匸 + 品 – Many people (品) are inside 匸. ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khi • Middle-Chinese : khju ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : au¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : oo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : io • Hokkien · Tai-lo : au • Middle-Chinese : 'uw
|area; district; region; ward • administrative division • to distinguish; to differentiate • residence; dwelling • small house • world; the human world • small; tiny • mediocre; ordinary ‖ (historical) an ancient measuring vessel • (historical) Classifier for the amount measured by one ou. • a surname
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|
|ward • district
|區 (eumhun 구역 구 (guyeok gu))
|hanja form of 구 (“area; district; region; ward”)
|Hán-Nôm : khu • Hán-Nôm : khù • Hán-Nôm : au • Hán-Nôm : âu
|
|
| ‖ 刹(さつ) • (satsu) ‖ 刹(せつ) • (setsu)
|區
|Buddhist temple; pagoda ‖ Alternative form of 檫. ‖ (Buddhism)
|刹 (eumhun 절 찰 (jeol chal))
|Hanja form of 찰 (“Buddhist temple; pagoda”).
|
|刹
|-
|-
|剁
|卉
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : doek³⁻¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : doek³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : do² • Cantonese · Jyutping : do³ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tok
|to chop by pounding; to mince; to hash; to cut ‖ (Hokkien, Teochew) Alternative form of 斲 (“to chop”)
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai² • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huī • Middle-Chinese : xjw+jX • Middle-Chinese : xjw+jH
|plants • flowers • a surname
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|
|
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|卉 (eum 훼 (hwe))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tạp • Hán-Nôm : hủy • Hán-Nôm : huỷ
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|
|剁
|卉
|-
|-
|剋
|卡
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hak¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haak¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiak ‖  
|This character is a vertical stacking of 上 (“up”) and 下 (“down”) with fusion of the horizontal lines, thus representing being squeezed between above and below. \ Maybe cognate with 夾 (OC *kreːb, “to clip”). ‖ From English card. ‖ From French calorie. ‖ From English car. ‖ From French cassette. ‖ From English carat. ‖
|to counteract; to work against; to conflict (especially of one's fate with someone else) • (literary) to overcome; to subdue; to capture; to defeat; to vanquish; to prevail; to surmount; to overthrow • (literary) to restrain; to cut down • (literary) to be able to • (literary) severe; harsh • (literary) to injure; to harm • (literary) [to digest • (literary) to set a time limit ‖ (colloquial) to scold; to censure • (colloquial) to beat • (dialectal) to dig (with the hand)
|Cantonese · Jyutping : kaa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kaa² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄚˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄚˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khá • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kha̍h ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kaat¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khá • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khah ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kaa¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kaa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khá • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khah ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kaa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khá ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : kaa¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kaa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kha̍h
|to wedge; to get stuck; to be jammed; to become tightly wedged • to clip; to fasten • to scrag; to choke • (computing) to freeze up; to buffer; to stop loading; to lag • (computing) laggy; slow; not responding • pin; fastener • checkpoint; checkpost • (Gan) fishbone • a surname: Qia ‖ card (Classifier: 張／张) ‖ Short for 卡路里 (kǎlùlǐ). ‖ truck; lorry • railcar ‖ Short for 卡式 (kǎshì, “cassette”). ‖ (Hong Kong) carat (unit of weight equivalent to 200 milligrams) ‖ Used in transcription.
|
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|card
|卡 (eum 잡 (jap))
|
|
|剋 • (geuk) · 剋 • (geuk) (hangeul 극, revised geuk, McCune–Reischauer kŭk)
|Hán-Nôm : tạp • Hán-Nôm : ca
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|
|chữ Hán form of khắc (“beat, hit (in casual language)”). • chữ Hán form of khắc (“scold, rebuke (in casual language)”). • Nôm form of khắc (“opposite”).
|卡
|剋
|-
|-
|剌
|卦
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laat⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄚˊ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷreːs) : phonetic 圭 (OC *kʷeː) + semantic 卜.
|perverse; unreasonable • to contradict; to violate • Used in 剌剌 and 撥剌／拨剌. • Used in transcription. ‖ Alternative form of 拉 (lá, “to slash; to cut in two”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuà • Middle-Chinese : kweaH
|divinatory trigram or hexagram of the I Ching • to divine • to change • Alternative form of 掛／挂 (guà)
| ‖ 卦(け) • (ke)
| ‖ divination symbol or sign
|卦 (eum 괘 (gwae))
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|opposed • biased
|Hán-Nôm : quái
|剌 • (ral) · 剌 • (ral) (hangeul 랄, revised ral, McCune–Reischauer ral)
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|
|
|卦
|剌
|-
|卯
|This character was found in oracle bone scripts depicting a sacrifice (a human or animal body) that is cut in half. This kind of practice mainly happened in Shang dynasty and was gradually eliminated after Zhou's conquest of Shang, leading to obscurity of the character's original meaning. An old variant is 戼. According to Shuowen Jiezi, it is an open door, like 門／𨳇 (mén) but reversed. \ Derived from root 流 (OC *r(j)u) with volitional or agentive OC prefix *m- (see Sagart, 1999); so *m-ruu means "(cause to flow >) pour out, empty" > *m-ruuʔ 卯 "pouring or emptying stage" i.e. "waning moon", "with the word in its sacrificial applications meaning 'to blood-let'" (Smith, 2011). \ Association with the rabbit was probably arbitrary, just as how 辰 was arbitrarily associated with the dragon (see Ferlus, 2013).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maau⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : báu • Middle-Chinese : maewX
|fourth of twelve earthly branches (十二支) • rabbit (兔) of Chinese zodiac • period from 5-7 a.m. • early morning • mortise
| ‖ 卯(う) • (U) ‖ 卯(ぼう) • (Bō) ^(←ばう (bau)?)
| ‖ the Rabbit, the fourth of the twelve Earthly Branches ‖ the Rabbit, the fourth of the twelve Earthly Branches
|卯 (eumhun 토끼 묘 (tokki myo)) · 卯 (eumhun 넷째 지지 묘 (netjjae jiji myo))
|hanja form of 묘 (“rabbit”) • hanja form of 묘 (“fourth Earthly Branch”)
|Hán-Nôm : mão • Hán-Nôm : mẫu • Hán-Nôm : méo • Hán-Nôm : Mẹo • Hán-Nôm : mẻo
|chữ Hán form of Mão (“fourth of the twelve earthly branches”).
|卯
|-
|-
|剎
|却
|Cantonese · Jyutping : saat³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caat³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sat ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saat³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caat³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sat
|Variant of 卻. The modern mainland China usage is of reform nature.
|Clipping of 剎多羅／刹多罗 (chàduōluó). · (Buddhism) land; world; place; area • Clipping of 剎多羅／刹多罗 (chàduōluó). · (Buddhism) place of pilgrimage; kshetra; Buddhist temple; Buddhist monastery; pagoda • Clipping of 剎那／刹那 (chànà). · (Buddhism) instant; moment; impermanence • Clipping of 剎那／刹那 (chànà). · (by extension) brief moment; short moment ‖ to brake (a car); to stop a car
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|剎 • (chal) · 剎 • (chal) (hangeul 찰, revised chal, McCune–Reischauer ch'al, Yale chal)
| ‖ 却(きゃく) • (kyaku)
|instead; on the contrary ‖ thoroughly • thoroughly until it is gone
|却 (eum 각 (gak))
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|
|Hán-Nôm : khước
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|剎
|却
|-
|-
|剜
|厥
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wun¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uán
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kod, *kud) : semantic 厂 + phonetic 欮 (OC *kod). ‖ Bodman (1980) relates it to Tibetan ཁྱོད (khyod, “you”). ‖  ‖ Contraction of 佢阿 (kì â).
|to cut out; to scoop out
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kyut³ • Middle-Chinese : kjwot ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kyut³ • Middle-Chinese : kjwot ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kyut³ • Middle-Chinese : kjut ‖
|
|to faint; to lose consciousness • a surname ‖ his; her; its; their ‖ Only used in 突厥 (Tūjué). ‖ (Hakka) his; her
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|
|剜 (eum 완 (wan))
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|
|厥 (eumhun 그 궐 (geu gwol)) · 厥 (eumhun 나라이름 굴 (naraireum gul))
|hanja form of 궐 (“he, she, it, they”) • barbarian tribe or country, eg., 突厥 (돌궐, originally, 돌굴), compare 蕃國 (번국), 藩國 (번국) • hanja form of 굴 (“used in place names”)
|Hán-Nôm : cột • Hán-Nôm : quyết
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|
|剜
|厥
|-
|-
|剝
|參
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄠ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mok¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pok
|Simplified from 曑 (晶 → 厽). \ The bronze script form is an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 晶 (“stars”) + 光 (“light; brightness”) + 彡 (“light rays”) – Three Stars mansion. 彡 (OC *sroːm, *slom) also acts as a phonetic component. Ignoring the lines connecting the three stars, 光 may be interpreted as 卩 (“kneeling person”), representing someone looking at the shining stars above him. \ Alternatively, it may be the original character of 簪 (OC *ʔsɯːm, *ʔsrɯm, “hairpin”), since the bronze script forms resemble a person wearing a hat with three stars. \ Based on the seal script form, Shuowen interprets the character as a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰluːm, *sʰluːms, *sloːm, *sʰrum, *srum) : semantic 晶 (“stars”) + phonetic 㐱 (). \ table \ From 三 (OC *suːm, *suːms, “three”) + other element (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ table \ Related to Japhug tɤzrɤm (“root”), Yakkha साम (“root”) (Jacques, 2015b). ‖ table ‖ table ‖ table \ Related to 巉 (OC *zraːm, *zraːmʔ, “craggy”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ table ‖ tabletable \ From English ransom (Cheung, 2007, page 219).
|(Classical) to cut apart • to peel; to skin; to shell • to fall off; to erode; to come off (of skin, paint, etc。) • to strip; to deprive; to exploit • (Cantonese, Hakka, Zhongshan Min) to take off (clothes) • (Hokkien) to take off; to remove; to take down (something to attached to something else) • (Hokkien) to snatch; to take away by force; to rob; to mug
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sam¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sim • Hokkien · Tai-lo : serm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sam • Middle-Chinese : srim ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sam¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sim • Hokkien · Tai-lo : serm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : song • Hokkien · Tai-lo : som • Middle-Chinese : srim ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caam¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cam¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsham • Middle-Chinese : tshom ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saam¹ • Middle-Chinese : sam ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caam¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cam¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshim • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsham • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsherm • Middle-Chinese : tsrhim ‖  ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : sam¹
|(～宿) (Chinese astronomy) Three Stars mansion (one of the Twenty-Eight Mansions) • a surname ‖ ginseng or any other similar plant • Short for 海參／海参 (hǎishēn, “sea cucumber”). ‖ to join; to take part • to consult • (literary) to examine; to inspect • (literary) to investigate and understand • to pay visit to a superior • (historical) to impeach an official before the emperor • (literary) to form a trio with two other things ‖ (obsolete or financial) Alternative form of 三 (“three”) ‖ Only used in 參差／参差 (cēncī) and 參錯／参错 (cēncuò). ‖ (Siyi Yue) clever; capable; competent; powerful ‖ (Cantonese) hostage (Classifier: 條／条 c)
|
|
|peel • peel off • strip
|three
|剝 (eum 박 (bak))
|參 (eumhun 참여할 참 (chamyeohal cham)) ‖ 參 (eumhun 들쭉날쭉할 참 (deuljjungnaljjukhal cham)) ‖ 參 (eumhun 별 이름 삼 (byeol ireum sam)) ‖ 參 (eumhun 석 삼 (seok sam))
|to strip • undress • to cut, trim • injure
|hanja form of 참 (“to join; to participate”) [affix] ‖ (literary) hanja form of 참 (“jagged; uneven”) ‖ hanja form of 삼 (“(Chinese astronomy) Three Stars mansion (one of the Twenty-Eight Mansions)”) ‖ (financial) Alternative form of 三 (“hanja form of 삼 (“three”)”)
|Hán-Nôm : tham
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|剝
|參
|-
|-
|剥
|叉
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 又 + 丶. ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 又 + 丶. ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 又 + 丶. ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 又 + 丶. ‖ table \ From English charge. Doublet of 叉廚／叉厨 (caa¹ cyu⁴, “to charge (to accuse of a crime); charge (legal accusation)”).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : caa¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄚㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshee • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsha • Middle-Chinese : tsrhea • Middle-Chinese : tsrhae ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄚˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄚ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄚˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caa¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caa³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄚˋㄦ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : caa¹
|fork (pronged tool, including the eating utensil) • to use a fork; to pick up with a fork • (Wu) to pick up food with chopsticks • to cross; to intersect; to interlace • cross; X • Phonetic reading of × when used to replace offensive characters. • (chiefly Cantonese, euphemistic) A generic intensifier which can be substituted for any profane intensifier. • (Cantonese) Short for 叉燒／叉烧 (“char siu”). • (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to pinch • (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to speak rudely • (Wu) to play (mahjong) • (Xiang, of ducks and geese) to eat ‖ (Northeastern Mandarin) to block up; to jam ‖ to spread; to open; to fork; to separate • (Wu) to push something away; to move something away ‖ Alternative form of 杈 (chà, “fork of a branch”) • Alternative form of 岔 (chà, “diverge, branch off; fork in the road”) ‖ (Cantonese) to charge; to recharge
| ‖
|fork (また) • to stick, to insert, to stab (as with a fork) (さす) • to fold (one's arms) (こまねく, こまぬく) ‖
|叉 (eumhun 갈래 차 (gallae cha))
|hanja form of 차 (“to cross; to intersect”)
|Hán-Nôm : xoa
|
|
|叉
|-
|另
|In 玉篇校釋 (胡吉宣, 1989), it is considered a simplified form of 別／别 (bié), used to refer a synonym word with different pronunciation.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līng
|another; separate; other • in addition; besides • Used to add a postscript to a letter like the English abbreviation "P.S."
|
|
| ‖ 剥(はく) • (haku)
|peel • peel off • strip ‖ coming off, peeling off
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|
|另 (eum 령 (ryeong))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : lánh • Hán-Nôm : lính • Hán-Nôm : liếng • Hán-Nôm : tránh
|
|
|剥
|另
|-
|-
|剴
|叨
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄞˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hoi² • Cantonese · Jyutping : goi¹
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tuːw, *l̥ʰaːw) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 刀 (OC *taːw). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tuːw, *l̥ʰaːw) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 刀 (OC *taːw).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄠ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dou¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : to • Hokkien · Tai-lo : too • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tho • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thoo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tou¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tho • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thoo • Middle-Chinese : thaw
|to talk on; to chatter; to be excessively talkative • (ideophonic, of a person near death) gasping for breath; breathing heavily ‖ Alternative form of 饕 (tāo, “to be greedy for”) • (humble, used when receiving favour from others) to get the benefit of
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|
|
|
|scythe • suitability
|叨 (eum 도 (do))
|剴 • (gae) · 剴 • (gae) (hangeul 개, revised gae, McCune–Reischauer kae)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : thao • Hán-Nôm : đâu • Hán-Nôm : đau • Hán-Nôm : đao
|
|
|剴
|叨
|-
|-
|剷
|叩
|Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuánn
|(Hokkien) Alternative form of 㔊 (“thóaⁿ”)
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khàu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiò • Middle-Chinese : khuwX
|to knock; to strike • to kowtow; to bow • (literary) to enquire; to ask • Alternative form of 扣 (kòu, “to hold; to restrain”) • a surname
|
|
|剷 • (san) · 剷 • (san) (hangeul 산, revised san, McCune–Reischauer san)
|to knock; to strike
|叩 • (go) · 叩 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko)
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|
|Hán-Nôm : khấu
|
|
|剷
|叩
|-
|-
|剽
|叭
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄠ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : piu³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : piu⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiâu
| ‖
|intrepid • agile • frivolous • rob • pierce • to attack • plagiarize
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pa • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄚ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pa • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄚ
| ‖ 剽(ひょう) • (hyō)
|Only used in 喇叭 (lǎba). • (onomatopoeia) Sound of a gunshot or crack. ‖ An onomatopoeia. • ^‡ mouth opening
| ‖ a threat
|剽 • (pyo) · 剽 • (pyo) (hangeul 표, revised pyo, McCune–Reischauer p'yo)
|
|
|
|
|剽
|叭 (eum 팔 (pal))
|-
|劉
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liû
|(obsolete) a type of battle axe • (obsolete) to kill; to slaughter • (obsolete) to conquer • (obsolete) to wither • (～國) State of Liu during the Zhou dynasty • a surname
| ‖ 劉(りゅう) • (Ryū)
|axe • kill ‖ a surname from Chinese
|劉 (eumhun 죽일 류 (jugil ryu), South Korea 죽일 유 (jugil yu))
|Hanja form of 류/유 (“to kill”).
|chữ Hán form of Lưu (“a surname from Chinese.”).
|劉
|-
|劬
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : keoi⁴
|Only used in 勤劬 (qínqú).
|
|
|劬 • (gu) · 劬 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : bá • Hán-Nôm : bớt • Hán-Nôm : bát • Hán-Nôm : bợt • Hán-Nôm : bớ • Hán-Nôm : váp • Hán-Nôm : vát
|
|
|劬
|叭
|-
|-
|励
|叮
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *teːŋ) : phonetic 丁 (OC *rteːŋ, *teːŋ) + semantic 口. \ ; “to microwave” \ ; “to disqualify”
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ding¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : deng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ting • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tin • Middle-Chinese : teng
|(of insects) to sting; to bite • to advise; to urge; to repeat what one says to make sure • to question closely • (informal) to microwave (heat in a microwave oven) • (Cantonese, informal) to disqualify; to eliminate • (Cantonese) unaccented beats (in Cantonese opera) • Used in onomatopoeia.
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|
|
|
|叮 (eum 정 (jeong))
|
|
|encourage • inspire
|Hán-Nôm : đinh
|励 • (ryeo) · 励 • (ryeo) (hangeul 려, revised ryeo, McCune–Reischauer ryŏ)
|Đinh ninh 叮嚀 exhort or enjoin repeatedly
|叮
|-
|叱
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *n̥ʰjid) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 七 (OC *sn̥ʰid).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cik¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsyhit
|to scold; to shout at; to bawl out
| ‖  ‖ 叱(しっ) • (shi')
|to open the mouth ‖ scold • shout • reprove ‖ shh • shoo
|叱 (eumhun 꾸짖을 질 (kkujijeul jil))
|hanja form of 질 (“scold”)
|Hán-Nôm : sất • Hán-Nôm : sứt • Hán-Nôm : sớt
|
|
|
|叱
|励
|-
|-
|勁
|叼
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ging⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ging³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kìng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄣˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ging³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ging⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄣˋㄦ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kìng
|powerful; strong • vigorous; with energy; lively • (Cantonese) amazing; terrific • (Cantonese) very; super ‖ vigor; energy; strength (Classifier: 股 m) • air; manner; expression (Classifier: 股 m) • interest; relish; gusto
|
|Powerful, power.
|勁 (eum 경 (gyeong))
|
|
|
|勁
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : diu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : toh
|-
|to hold in the mouth
|勗
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|
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|
|
|
|
|勗 • (uk) · 勗 • (uk) (hangeul 욱, revised uk, McCune–Reischauer uk)
|
|
|
|
|勗
|叼
|-
|-
|勛
|吁
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hun
|Characters in the same phonetic series (于) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰʷa, *ɢʷas) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 于 (OC *ɢʷa). ‖
|meritorious deed • merits • rank
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : heoi¹ • Middle-Chinese : xju • Middle-Chinese : hjuH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ
|
|to sigh • huh! (used to express surprise or doubt) • worried • a surname • Alternative form of 噓／嘘 ‖ (Mainland China) (used to stop animals from advancing) whoa!
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|
|勛 (eum 훈 (hun))
|
|
|吁 • (yu) · 吁 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu)
|
|
|勛
|canonical : 吁: Hán Việt readings: hu • canonical : hù • canonical : u 吁: Nôm readings: hu • canonical : hủ • canonical : vo • canonical : vu • canonical : xu
|chữ Hán form of hù (“to scare someone with a surprise”). • chữ Hán form of vù (“sound of the blowing wind”).
|吁
|-
|-
|勳
|吃
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声 (xíngshēng)): semantic 口 (kǒu) + phonetic 乞 (OC *kʰɯds, *kʰɯd). ‖  ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khit • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hek³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gat¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gut • Middle-Chinese : kj+t ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hat¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khit ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsia̍h
|to eat; to consume • to live on • to suffer; to endure; to bear • to exhaust; to be a strain • to drink • (board games) to capture • (mahjong) to chow • to accept ‖ to stammer; to stutter; to falter ‖ Only used in 吃吃 (qīqī). ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 食
| ‖ 吃(きつ) • (kitsu) ‖ 吃(チー) • (chī) ‖ 吃(ままなき) • (mamanaki)
| ‖ stammering, stuttering • accepting, complying ‖ (mahjong) a call for an open 順子 (shuntsu, “sequence of three suited tiles”), compare English chow ‖ stammering, stuttering • a stutterer
|吃 (eum 흘 (heul))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : khật • Hán-Nôm : hấc • Hán-Nôm : hất • Hán-Nôm : hớt • Hán-Nôm : ngát • Hán-Nôm : ngặt • Hán-Nôm : ngật • Hán-Nôm : ực • Hán-Nôm : cật
|
|
|吃
|-
|吆
|
|
|meritorious deed • merits • rank
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : io
|勳 (eumhun 공 훈 (gong hun))
|to yell
|
|
|
|
|勳
|吆 (eum 요 (yo))
|-
|勻
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ûn
|equal; even • to spare; to make even • (Cantonese) thoroughly; exhaustively
|
|
|equal, even, uniform
|Hán-Nôm : yêu
|勻 • (gyun, yun) · 勻 • (gyun, yun) (hangeul 균, 윤, revised gyun, yun, McCune–Reischauer kyun, yun)
|
|
|
|吆
|勻
|-
|-
|匀
|吝
|Compare Tibetan སྲི (sri, “to be thrifty”), Proto-Central-Chin *ren (“to economize; frugal”) (whence Mizo ren) (Geilich, 1994).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liām • Middle-Chinese : linH
|stingy; miserly; parsimonious; niggardly • (literary) to regret; to resent • a surname
|
|
|miserly • stingy • sparing
|吝 (eum 린 (rin))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : lận
|
|
|equal
|吝
|
|
|
|匀
|-
|-
|匍
|吞
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pôo
|Attested somewhat late (in Warring States period's texts). \ Starostin reconstructs 吞 (OC *tʰən) derives it from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dʱɨ̄n/ŋ (“to swallow, to drink”), whence also Tibetan འཐུང ('thung, “to drink”) & Lepcha ᰋᰩᰵ (thóng, “to drink”), which STEDT derives from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-tuŋ (“to drink, to suckle”); however, STEDT does not derive 吞 from or compare it to *m/s-tuŋ. \ Schuessler (2007) compares it to several Kam-Tai words: Thai กลืน (glʉʉn), Ahom 𑜀𑜢𑜤𑜃 (k(l)en), Saek [script needed] (tlɯɯnᴬ¹), Proto-Kam-Sui *ʔdun, etc. ‖
|Only used in 匍匐 (púfú).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : tan¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄣ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thun • Middle-Chinese : thon ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄢ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄣ • Middle-Chinese : then
|
|to swallow (to cause food, drink, etc. to pass from the mouth into the stomach) • to annex (territory, a country, etc.) ‖ a surname
|
|匍 (eum 포 (po))
|
|
|
|
|匍
|吞 • (tan) · 吞 • (tan) (hangeul 탄, revised tan, McCune–Reischauer t'an)
|-
|匏
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pû
|gourd • one of the eight categories of musical instruments in the Chinese bayin (八音) classification system, most prominently including mouth organs
|
|
|gourd
|Hán-Nôm : thôn • Hán-Nôm : xôn
|匏 • (po) · 匏 • (po) (hangeul 포, revised po, McCune–Reischauer p'o)
|
|
|匏 (bào, bầu)
|吞
|匏
|-
|-
|匐
|吠
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baak⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fuk⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : buk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ho̍k
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 口 (“mouth”) + 犬 (“dog”) – to bark. \ Onomatopoeic and from Proto-Sino-Tibetan, perhaps *baus: cognate to Mizo bauh (“to bark”), from earlier *baus (Schuessler 2007).
|Only used in 匍匐 (púfú).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puǐ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huī • Middle-Chinese : bjojH
|(of a dog) to bark
|
|
|crawl
|Bark; howl.
|匐 • (bok) · 匐 • (bok) (hangeul 복, revised bok, McCune–Reischauer pok)
|吠 (eum 폐 (pye))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : phệ • Hán-Nôm : phịa
|
|
|匐
|吠
|-
|-
|匝
|吧
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaap³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsat
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声 (xíngshēng)): semantic 口 (kǒu) + phonetic 巴 (bā) (OC *praː). \ From 罷／罢 (bà) and 夫 (OC *ba, “is it not?”), itself a contraction of 不乎. ‖ Onomatopoeic. ‖ Onomatopoeic. ‖  ‖ Borrowed from English bar. ‖  ‖
|(literary or dialectal) Classifier for circuits or circles. • (dialectal) Classifier for times, as in frequency. • (literary) to surround; to encircle • (literary) to spread all over; to reach (a limit); to complete a full cycle
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄅㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baa⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --pa ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baa¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄚ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baa¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pa ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄚ • Middle-Chinese : pae ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄚ • Middle-Chinese : phae
|Emphatic final particle; used at the end of a sentence to · indicate a suggested action: why don't you ... • Emphatic final particle; used at the end of a sentence to · express imperative mood: let us ... • Emphatic final particle; used at the end of a sentence to · indicate a speculation. • Used at the end of a sentence used to concede a point. • Used at the end of a sentence used to indicate disapproving incredulousness. • Used after the topic for emphasis. ‖ (onomatopoeia) sound of crackling; crack ‖ (onomatopoeia) pow!; smack! ‖ (dialectal) to smoke (a cigarette) ‖ bar • Short for 貼吧／贴吧 (Tiēbā, “internet board”). • Used in transcription. ‖ Only used in 吧呀. ‖ Only used in 吧呀.
|
|
|to go around • Classifier for circuits or circles
|匝 (eum 잡 (jap))
|
|
|吧 (eum 파 (pa))
|
|
|匝
|canonical : 吧: Hán Việt readings: ba 吧: Nôm readings: ba • canonical : bơ • canonical : và • canonical : vài ‖ romanization : và
| ‖ Nôm form of và (“and, with, as well as”).
|吧
|-
|-
|匡
|吩
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khong
| ‖
|(literary) upright • to correct; to rectify • (literary) to assist • (literary) to save; to rescue • to predict; to expect • (obsolete) to lose • (historical) name of an ancient book • (historical) name of two ancient places in Henan • Alternative name for 廬山／庐山 (Lúshān). • (obsolete) shell of crabs • ^† Alternative form of 恇 (kuāng) • a surname
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hun • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huan ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan¹
|
|Used in 吩咐 (fēnfù). • Used in 吩呶. ‖ Used in transcription.
|
|
|匡 (eum 광 (gwang))
|to instruct, to order
|吩 • (bun) · 吩 • (bun) (hangeul 분, revised bun, McCune–Reischauer pun)
|to instruct, to order
|
|
|
|
|匡
|吩
|-
|-
|匯
|吭
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wui⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huē
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡaːŋ, *ɡaːŋʔ, *ɡaːŋs) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 亢 (OC *kaːŋ, *kʰaːŋs) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡaːŋ, *ɡaːŋʔ, *ɡaːŋs) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 亢 (OC *kaːŋ, *kʰaːŋs) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡaːŋ, *ɡaːŋʔ, *ɡaːŋs) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 亢 (OC *kaːŋ, *kʰaːŋs)
|to flow together; to gather together; to converge • to remit (money) • (literary, or in compounds) foreign exchange; forex; FX • to collect; to gather • (literary, or in compounds) collection • (literary, or in compounds) concourse
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hang¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khóng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khngh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khōng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hâng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hông • Middle-Chinese : hang • Middle-Chinese : hangH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄤˋ • Middle-Chinese : hangX
|to utter; to utter a sound ‖ throat (of birds) • throat in general ‖ voice • to swallow
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|
|whirl, swirl
|throat • neck • pivot
|匯 (eum 회 (hoe))
|吭 • (hang) · 吭 • (hang) (hangeul 항, revised hang, McCune–Reischauer hang)
|throat
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|匯
|吭
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|匱
|吮
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuī ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwai⁶
| ‖
|(literary) to lack; to be deficient in; to be short of • Alternative form of 簣／篑 (kuì, “basket for carrying earth”) • Alternative form of 潰／溃 (“to collapse; to be routed”) • Alternative form of 饋／馈 (kuì, “to gift”) • (Taiwan) quecto- (SI unit prefix) ‖ Original form of 櫃／柜 (guì, “cabinet; cupboard; reservoir”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : syun⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshńg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsn̄g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuīnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ún • Middle-Chinese : zywinX • Middle-Chinese : dzjwenX ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshńg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuínn
|to suck (with one's mouth) ‖ (Hokkien) to pick off or strip off or scrape off edible food from inedible material like bone, shell, or seeds (usually with one's teeth and/or tongue) • (Hokkien) to gnaw; to nibble off causing holes (by insects) • (Hokkien) to comb; to pluck or pick off dirt (as a bird grooms itself with its beak) • (Hokkien, figurative) to nitpick; to find fault; to be fussy
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|匱 (eum 궤 (gwe))
|吮 (eum 전 (jeon))
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|Hán-Nôm : duyện • Hán-Nôm : giỏn • Hán-Nôm : duyên
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|匱
|吮
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|区
|吱
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰes) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 支 (OC *kje).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ki • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsi • Middle-Chinese : khjieH
|(onomatopoeia) sound of creaking or squeaking • (Taiwan, neologism, slang, derogatory) supporters of Democratic Progressive Party (DPP)
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| ‖ 区(く) • (ku)
|吱 (eum 지 (ji))
| ‖ ward, section, district
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|区
|吱
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|医
|吵
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ai³
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sm̥ʰreːwʔ, *mewʔ) : semantic 口 + phonetic 少 (OC *hmjewʔ, *hmjews). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sm̥ʰreːwʔ, *mewʔ) : semantic 口 + phonetic 少 (OC *hmjewʔ, *hmjews). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sm̥ʰreːwʔ, *mewʔ) : semantic 口 + phonetic 少 (OC *hmjewʔ, *hmjews). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sm̥ʰreːwʔ, *mewʔ) : semantic 口 + phonetic 少 (OC *hmjewʔ, *hmjews).
|a tool for storing a bow and crossbow
|Cantonese · Jyutping : caau² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄠˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄠˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄠ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshá • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsháu • Middle-Chinese : tsrhaewX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄠˇ • Middle-Chinese : mjiewX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄠ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄠˋ
| ‖ 医(い) • (i) ‖ 医(い) • (i)
|noisy; rowdy; boisterous; clamorous • to argue; to dispute • to disturb; to annoy ‖ ^‡ Sound of chicken. ‖ Used in personal names. • Used in 吵吵 (chāochao, “to make noise”). ‖ ^‡ Alternative form of 訬／𰵏 (“light (of weight)”)
| ‖ doctor; physician; medicine ‖ doctor • medicine, the healing arts
|医 (eumhun 동개 예 (donggae ye)) ‖ 医 (eumhun 의원 의 (uiwon ui))
|Hanja form of 예 (“used in personal names”). • (literary Chinese) Hanja form of 예 (“quiver; a tool for storing a bow and crossbow”). ‖ Alternative form of 醫 (“Hanja form of 의 (“doctor”).”)
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|医
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|卅
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saa⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saa¹ aa⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sa̍p • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siap
|thirty
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|(archaic) thirty
|吵 (eum 묘 (myo)) · 吵 (eum 초 (cho))
|卅 (eumhun 삼십 삽 (samsip sap)) · 卅 (eumhun 서른 삽 (seoreun sap))
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|thirty, thirtieth
|Hán-Nôm : sảo • Hán-Nôm : thểu • Hán-Nôm : sao • Hán-Nôm : chiễu
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|卅
|吵
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|卞
|吻
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piān
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mɯnʔ) : semantic 口 + phonetic 勿 (OC *mɯd). \ Unknown. Various possibilities are (Schuessler, 2007): \ * Related to 門 (OC *mɯːn, “door”); \ * Related to Mizo hmûi (“lips; upper lip”); \ * Related to Proto-Vietic *c-ɓuːj(ʔ) (“lip”) (Vietnamese môi); \ * Related to Burmese မုတ် (mut, “mouth”) (in မုတ်ဆိတ် (muthcit, “beard”)) and မှုတ် (hmut, “to blow with mouth”); \ * Related to Khmer មាត់ (mŏət, “mouth, lip”).
|law • impatient; irritable; impetuous; in a hurry • to wrestle with bare hands • (～縣) (historical) Bian County (a county in modern-day Shandong, China) • a surname
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : man⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mńg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bún • Middle-Chinese : mjunX
|(anatomy) proboscis; lip; corner of the lips • to shut the lips • to kiss; kiss (Classifier: 啖 c) • to coincide; to tally; to be consistent
| ‖ 吻(ふん) • (fun)
|lips • kiss ‖ (anatomy) proboscis
|吻 • (mun) · 吻 • (mun) (hangeul 문, revised mun, McCune–Reischauer mun)
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|
|law • rule • rash • hasty
|Hán-Nôm : vẫn • Hán-Nôm : vặt • Hán-Nôm : vẩn • Hán-Nôm : ẫn • Hán-Nôm : uẫn • Hán-Nôm : ẫm • Hán-Nôm : ỡm • Hán-Nôm : uẫm • Hán-Nôm : uỗm • Hán-Nôm : uổm • Hán-Nôm : uẩm
|卞 (eum 변 (byeon))
|to be impatient, in a hurry • excitable
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|卞
|吻
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|卧
|吼
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰloːʔ, *qʰloːs) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 孔 (OC *kʰloːŋʔ). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄡˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : háu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hió • Middle-Chinese : xuwX • Middle-Chinese : xuwH ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : lung¹
|(of a large animal) to roar • (of people) to shout • (of inanimate objects such as cars) to squeal • (Hokkien, Puxian Min) to cry; to sob; to weep • a surname: Hou ‖ (Hong Kong, construction, informal) Alternative form of 窿
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|howl, roar, cry, bark
|吼 (eum 후 (hu))
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|Hán-Nôm : hống • Hán-Nôm : hổng • Hán-Nôm : khỏng • Hán-Nôm : rống
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|吼
|-
|呀
| ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : a • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia • Middle-Chinese : ngae ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄧㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aa³ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : aa³ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : aa⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚ • Middle-Chinese : xae ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : aa⁶
|to be surprised • Interjection for expressing surprise • (onomatopoeia) creak • a classifier ‖ Synonym of 啊 (“Sentence-final exclamation particle”). Normally used after words ending in -a, -o, -e, -i, -ü. ‖ Sentence-final particle for softening statements or questions. • Particle used after list items in a list of examples. ‖ Sentence-final particle expressing surprise and suspicion. ‖ (of mouth) opened • empty ‖ (colloquial) -ty
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|呀 (eum 하 (ha))
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|Hán-Nôm : nhá • Hán-Nôm : nha
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|卧
|呀
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|卮
|呂
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi¹
|Pictogram (象形) of two vertebrae. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-ra-t (“bone”) (STEDT).
|(historical) cylindrical wine vessel, often with a lid, handle, and three legs • Classifier for the volume of liquid in one zhi (goblet).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lǐr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lí • Middle-Chinese : ljoX
|(anatomy) spine • (music) even-numbered notes in shí'èrlǜ • Lü, a state in China that existed in the early years of the Spring and Autumn Period • a surname
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|spine • backbone
|呂 (eum 려 (ryeo))
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|卮 (eum 치 (chi))
|Hán-Nôm : lã • Hán-Nôm : lả • Hán-Nôm : lỡ • Hán-Nôm : lử • Hán-Nôm : lữa • Hán-Nôm : rả • Hán-Nôm : rứa • Hán-Nôm : trả • Hán-Nôm : trở • Hán-Nôm : lớ • Hán-Nôm : lở • Hán-Nôm : lữ
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|呂
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|呆
|; Etymology 1 \ ; Etymology 2 \ ; Etymology 3
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄞ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngoi⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : daai¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tai • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gâi
|dull; wooden • dull-minded; simple; stupid • (Eastern Min) bad • (chiefly Mainland China) Alternative form of 待 (“to stay”) • a surname: Dai
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|卮
|amazed, disgusted, shocked
|呆 (eumhun 어리석을 매 (eoriseogeul mae))
|hanja form of 매 (“dull-minded; simple; stupid”)
|Hán-Nôm : ngốc
|stupid, naive, foolish
|呆
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|卹
|呢
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|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *nil) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 尼 (OC *nil) \ Ota (1987) suggests that the particle used in questions comes from 聻 (MC nriX) [Five Dynasties], a particle which may come from 爾 (MC nyeX, “that”), and that the particle used to indicate an action in progress comes from earlier 哩 [Yuan dynasty], which may come from 裏 (MC liX, “place”) [Tang dynasty–Five Dynasties]. ‖ ; “cloth” ‖ Substrate word. Compare: \ * Proto-Tai *najꟲ (“this”): Zhuang neix (“this”), Thai นี้ (níi, “this”), Lao ນີ້ (nī, “this”) \ * Proto-Mon-Khmer *niʔ ~ nih (“this”): Khmer នេះ (nih, “this”) \ * Proto-Mon-Khmer *naaj (“deictic particle”): Khmer នាយ (niəy, “over there”), Vietnamese này, nầy (“this”), Vietnamese nay (“now”), Vietnamese nấy (“that”) \ * Proto-Hmong-Mien *ʔneinˣ (“this”): White Hmong no (“here, this”) \ * Proto-Austronesian *nay (“deictic particle: this”), *qani (“proximal deictic: this”), *-ni (“proximal spatio-temporal deixis: this, here; now”): Malay ini (“this”). ‖  ‖ From clipping of English level. ‖  ‖  ‖
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄋㄜ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ne¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --ni • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ni • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --neh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --nih • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ne • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --ne • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nee • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --nee ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nei⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nî • Middle-Chinese : nrij ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : ni¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nei¹ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : ne² ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : le¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : nî
|Sentence-final particle indicating a reciprocal question; used to apply the previously asked question to a new subject. What about ...?; And ...? • Sentence-final particle signalling a pause, to emphasize the preceding words. • Sentence-final particle indicating continuation of an action or state, English present continuous. to be ...-ing • Sentence-final particle used to make questions more indirect, to give the impression that the speaker is speaking to themselves. • (Shanghainese) Sentence-final particle expressing anger. ‖ Used in 呢喃 (nínán). • woollen cloth (for heavy clothing) ‖ (Cantonese) this ‖ (Cantonese) hey; Used to raise attention of the listener ‖ (Hong Kong Cantonese, gaming) levels (in a video game) • (Hong Kong Cantonese, figuratively) levels in a society; social class ‖ sound • Alternative form of 䛏 (ní) ‖ Only used in 唵嘛呢叭咪吽 (ǎn mānī bēimēi hōng). ‖ (Southern Min) Used in some question words.
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|卹 • (hyul) · 卹 • (hyul) (hangeul 휼, revised hyul, McCune–Reischauer hyul)
|呢 (eum 니 (ni))
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|Hán-Nôm : ni • Hán-Nôm : nài • Hán-Nôm : nấy • Hán-Nôm : nê • Hán-Nôm : nỉ • Hán-Nôm : nì • Hán-Nôm : này
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|卹
|呢
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|卻
|呵
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : koek³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khioh
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰaːl, *qʰaːls) : semantic 口 + phonetic 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰaːl, *qʰaːls) : semantic 口 + phonetic 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰaːl, *qʰaːls) : semantic 口 + phonetic 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰaːl, *qʰaːls) : semantic 口 + phonetic 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰaːl, *qʰaːls) : semantic 口 + phonetic 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰaːl, *qʰaːls) : semantic 口 + phonetic 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰaːl, *qʰaːls) : semantic 口 + phonetic 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰaːl, *qʰaːls) : semantic 口 + phonetic 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ).
|to withdraw; to retreat • (literary) to drive back (enemy) • to decline; to refuse • (particle placed after monosyllabic verbs) to do away with • (only sentence-medially) but; yet; however
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ho¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ho² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ho • Hokkien · Tai-lo : o • Middle-Chinese : xa ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ho¹ • Middle-Chinese : xaH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄚ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : o¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄚ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄛ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : ho¹
|Alternative form of 訶／诃 (hē, “to berate; to scold”) • to shout; to cry out • to cherish; to treasure; to protect • (onomatopoeia) Sound of laughing. • Exclamation particle for expressing surprise. • (dialectal) to smoke (tobacco) ‖ to expel breath; to slowly breathe out ‖ Used in transcription. ‖ Alternative form of 哈 (“to bend over”) ‖ Alternative form of 啊 (“exclamation particle”) ‖ Alternative form of 啊 (“modal particle”) ‖ (dialectal) to cheat; to deceive ‖ (Cantonese) Used to point out something that one would like confirmation for.
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|Alternative form of 却 (“instead; on the contrary”)
|scold, disapprove
|卻 (eum 각 (gak))
|呵 • (ga) · 呵 • (ga) (hangeul 가, revised ga, McCune–Reischauer ka)
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|Hán-Nôm : ha • Hán-Nôm : há • Hán-Nôm : hả • Hán-Nôm : hà • Hán-Nôm : khá • Hán-Nôm : khà
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|卻
|呵
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|-
|卽
|呻
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : san¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sin • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshan • Middle-Chinese : syin ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : san³
|to chant; to recite • to groan; to moan ‖ (Cantonese) to complain; to express discontent
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|呻 • (sin) · 呻 • (sin) (hangeul 신, revised sin, McCune–Reischauer sin)
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|Hán-Nôm : thân
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|卽 (eumhun 곧 즉 (got jeuk))
|呻
|Hanja form of 즉 (“immediate”). • Hanja form of 즉 (“in other words, i.e.”). • Hanja form of 즉 (“to ascend”).
|-
|咄
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄛ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : deot¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyut³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyut³ • Middle-Chinese : twot • Middle-Chinese : twat ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tu̍t
|(onomatopoeia) a loud voice, especially in an angry way; tut-tut. • to berate ‖ (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to speak not in a fluent manner
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|卽
|talk, speech, conversation, tale
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|咄 • (dol) · 咄 • (dol) (hangeul 돌, revised dol, McCune–Reischauer tol)
|厘
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|
|Hán-Nôm : xót • Hán-Nôm : sụt • Hán-Nôm : đốt • Hán-Nôm : rút
|
|
|咄
|-
|咋
| ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖
|Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄚˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa³ • Middle-Chinese : tsreak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaak⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaak³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa³ • Middle-Chinese : dzraek ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa³ • Middle-Chinese : tsraeH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa³ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa³ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa⁴
|(colloquial, dialectal) how ‖ (obsolete) to be loud; to shout; to cry ‖ (obsolete) to bite • Used in 㕭咋. ‖ (obsolete, ideophonic, of speech) suddenly; in an outburst • Alternative form of 炸 (“to burst; to explode; to infuriate”) ‖ Alternative form of 乍 (zhà, “suddenly”) ‖ Only used in 咋呼 (zhàhu). ‖ (Cantonese) Contraction of 啫呀 (ze1 aa3). ‖ Sentence-final particle expressing surprise and suspicion.
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|shop, store (廛) • a measure of quantity (釐); most commonly, a unit of currency equaling one-thousandth of one yen, or one-tenth of one sen
|厘 • (ri, jeon) · 厘 • (ri, jeon) (hangeul 리, 전)
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|咋 • (sa) · 咋 • (sa) (hangeul 사)
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|厘
|Hán-Nôm : chạ • Hán-Nôm : chá • Hán-Nôm : chách • Hán-Nôm : cha
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|厭
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iàm ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : ià
|to be satisfied; to be sated • to be fed up with; to grow bored of; to become tired of • to detest; to dislike; to hate • (dialectal Wu) naughty ‖ (Hokkien) to be tired • (Hokkien, Teochew) to be fed up with; to grow bored of; to become tired of
| ‖ 厭(あき) • (aki)
| ‖ disgust • having one's fill; loss of interest
|厭 (eumhun 싫어할 염 (sireohal yeom))
|Hanja form of 염 (“to detest”).
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|厭
|咋
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|厲
|咐
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lē ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄞˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pos) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 付 (OC *pos). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pos) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 付 (OC *pos).
|fierce; stern • severe; strict • ferocious • (Classical) Same as 礪／砺 (lì, “whetstone; to sharpen”). • (literary) to encourage; to urge • (literary) to raise; to exert • ^† Alternative form of 濿／𪵱 (lì, “to ford”) • a surname ‖ Same as 癩／癞 (lài).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hù ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˊ
|to instruct; to order ‖ ^‡ Defined in the historical dictionary 《字彙補》 as 噓.
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|whetstone • grind • sharpen • make an effort to • leprosy
|to instruct, to order
|厲 (eum 려 (ryeo))
|咐 • (bu) · 咐 • (bu) (hangeul 부, revised bu, McCune–Reischauer pu)
|to instruct, to order
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|厲
|咐
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|参
|咒
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiù • Middle-Chinese : tsyuwH
|religious incantation or mantra; spell • curse; malediction • to curse; to damn
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| ‖ 参(しん) • (shin) ‖ 参(しん) • (Shin) ‖ 参(さん) • (san) ‖ 参(さん) • (san) ‖ 参(さん) • (San) ‖ 参(さん) • (san) ‖ 参(さん) • (san)
| ‖ jagged, uneven • carrot, ginseng ‖ (Chinese astronomy) the Three Stars constellation, one of the Twenty-Eight Mansions ‖ a calling, coming • (Zen Buddhism) a gathering of Zen members in meditation, preaching, and invocation ‖ check, verify • add, increase, join (a group, etc.) • go (for a specific purpose, for example) • Short for 参議院 (Sangiin): the House of Councillors (upper house of the Diet) ‖ (Chinese astronomy, rare) the Three Stars constellation, one of the Twenty-Eight Mansions • a surname ‖ (law) Financial form of 三 (san): 3, three ‖ Alternative spelling of 三 (san): 3, three • Short for 三河国 (Mikawa-no-kuni): Mikawa Province
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|咒 • (ju) · 咒 • (ju) (hangeul 주, revised ju, McCune–Reischauer chu)
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|Hán-Nôm : chú
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|参
|咒
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|双
|咕
|Considered a 後起字／后起字 (hòuqǐzì). Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 古 (gǔ). \ ;“to stand someone up”
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : koo
|(onomatopoeia) the sound of rumbling, bubbling, glugging, cooing, etc. (often in compounds) • (colloquial) to stand up someone; to fail to show up
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| ‖ 双(ふた) • (futa) ‖ 双(そう) • (sō)
|咕 • (go) · 咕 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko)
| ‖ set of two, pair ‖ pair; double
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|双 (eum 쌍 (ssang))
|Hán-Nôm : cô • Hán-Nôm : cổ
|Alternative form of 雙
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|Alternative form of 雙
|咕
|双
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|叟
|咖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄡˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : só
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 加 (OC *kraːl). ‖  ‖ From Hokkien 跤 (kha), shortened from 跤數／跤数 (kha-siàu, “character; guy”), probably with influence from Mandarin 腳色／脚色 (juésè, “character”). \ Alternatively, from English cast. ‖  ‖
|old man; old gentleman • (honorific) Term of address for an elderly man: sir
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaa³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ka • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ko ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaa³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ka ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄚ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄚ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚ
|Only used in 咖啡 (kāfēi); also used as its short form. ‖ Only used in 咖喱 (gālí) and 咖哩 (kālǐ). ‖ (chiefly Taiwan, slang) character; role ‖ Only used in 咖咖. ‖ The meaning of this term is uncertain.
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|叟 (eum 수 (su))
|咖 (eum 가 (ga))
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|叟
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|咖
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|叢
|咨
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄥˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsâng
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsli) : phonetic 次 (OC *sn̥ʰis) + semantic 口 (“mouth”).
|to collect; to gather; to assemble; to crowd together • bush; shrub; thicket; grove • collection; crowd • (Northern Min, Southern Min) Classifier for plants. • (Hokkien) Classifier for long objects. • a surname
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsir • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsu • Middle-Chinese : tsij
|to consult • official document • an interjection used to indicate appreciation • to sigh • to show the teeth • Alternative form of 資／资 (zī) • Alternative form of 茲／兹 • Alternative form of 齜／龇 (zī)
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|叢 (eum 총 (chong))
|咨 (eum 자 (ja))
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|Hán-Nôm : tư • Hán-Nôm : ti
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|叢
|咨
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|叵
|咪
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄛˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : po² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phó
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth; speech”) + phonetic 米 (OC *miːʔ). \ Onomatopoeic. ‖ Contraction of 唔係／唔系 (m⁴ hai⁶). ‖ Possibly a contraction of 唔使 (m⁴ sai²) (Bai, 2003). ‖ Borrowed from English microphone or mic. ‖  ‖ Borrowed from English mile. ‖  ‖
|^† Contraction of 不可 (bùkě, “cannot; to be unable to; to be impossible to”). • ^† thereupon • Used in 叵羅／叵罗 (pǒluó).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mai¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bî ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : mai⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄞˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mai⁵ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : mai¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mai⁵ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mai¹ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : mai¹ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : mai¹
|meow • sound used to call a cat • Used in 咪咪 (mīmī, “(slang) breasts; tits; boobs”). ‖ When used with 囉／啰 (lo¹) at the end of a phrase, used to spell out something obvious. • When used with 囉／啰 (lo¹) or rising intonation at the end of a phrase, used to connect a condition to a result or suggestion. • Used as the negative of 係／系 (hai⁶) when asking a question. ‖ (Cantonese, imperative) don't ‖ microphone (Classifier: 支 c) ‖ Only used in 咪唑 (mǐzuò, “imidazole”). ‖ (obsolete or Cantonese) mile • (Cantonese, informal) mile per hour • (Cantonese, informal) kilometre per hour ‖ to study hard ‖ to peel with a knife • to pinch (with fingernails)
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|cannot, be unable to
|baa (bleating of a sheep) • meter
|叵 (eum 파 (pa))
|咪 • (mi) · 咪 • (mi) (hangeul 미, revised mi, McCune–Reischauer mi)
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|Hán-Nôm : mễ
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|叵
|咪
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|号
|咬
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kreːw, *ŋɡreːwʔ, *qreːw) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 交 (OC *kreːw). \ (oral sex): Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 口 + 交. \ Perhaps Sino-Tibetan; compare Chepang ङेव्ह्सा (ŋewh-, “to nibble”) (Schuessler, 2007). The Min vernacular readings are reminiscent of Proto-Tai *giəwꟲ (“to chew”), whence Thai เคี้ยว (kíao) (ibid.). ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kǎ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngáu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gáu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠ • Middle-Chinese : kaew ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠ • Middle-Chinese : 'aew
|to bite; to snap at; to gnaw • to incriminate; to accuse • to articulate; to pronounce • to be nitpicking on words • (of dog) to bark • (dialectal Mandarin, Jin) itchy • (neologism, slang, euphemistic) Alternative form of 口交 (kǒujiāo, “oral sex; to perform oral sex on”) ‖ Only used in 咬咬. ‖ Only used in 咬哇 and 哇咬.
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| ‖ 号(ごう) • (gō) ^(←がう (gau)?) ‖ 号(ごう) • (-gō) ^(←がう (gau)?)
|咬 • (gyo) · 咬 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo, Yale kyo)
| ‖ number • art name ‖ ordinal marker, often with prefix 第 (used like -st, -nd, -rd, -th in English)
|号 (eumhun 이름 호 (ireum ho))
|Alternative form of 號 (“Hanja form of 호 (“name; number”).”)
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|号
|Hán-Nôm : giảo • Hán-Nôm : rao • Hán-Nôm : ngẩu • Hán-Nôm : ngấu • Hán-Nôm : ngảo • Hán-Nôm : ngảu • Hán-Nôm : ngáu
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|咬
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|吊
|咱
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : diu³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiàu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiò
|Fusion of 自家 (MC dzijH kae, “self”) [Song] > Modern Mandarin zá (Lü, 1984). Fusion with 們／们 (men) produces the form with a nasal coda [Yuan], e.g. Modern Mandarin zán (Norman, 1988). ‖ Fusion of 早晚 (zǎowǎn). ‖ From 儂／侬 (lâng, “person; I, me”) + elision of 儂／侬. Compare 阮 (gún, goán, “we, us (exclusive)”), 恁 (lín, “you (plural)”), 𪜶 (in, “they, them”). ‖  ‖
|to condole; to mourn; to pity • to hang • to lift up with a rope • to revoke • Classifier for strings of 1000 copper coins. • Alternative form of 屌 (diǎo, “(vulgar) penis”)
|Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ze¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄢˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄚˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsam • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsa ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄗㄢ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : lán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nán ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄚˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄚˇ
|(literary or dialectal) I; me • (inclusive) we; us • (literary) A particle used after personal pronouns. ‖ (dialectal, in compounds) time ‖ (inclusive) we; us • (polite) you • (inclusive) our ‖ Sentence-final modal particle for the imperative mood, similar to 吧 (ba). • Sentence-final modal particle for the declarative mood. ‖ Alternative form of 咋 (“how”)
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|吊 (eum 적 (jeok))
|咱 • (chal, cha) · 咱 • (chal, cha) (hangeul 찰, 차, revised chal, cha, McCune–Reischauer ch'al, ch'a)
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|condole; mourn • (obsolete) to hang
|Hán-Nôm : cha • Hán-Nôm : ta • Hán-Nôm : thính
|吊
|Variant of 聽, see there for more details.
|咱
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|吋
|咳
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshùn ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄡˋ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰɯː, *ɡɯː) : semantic 口 + phonetic 亥 (OC *ɡɯːʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰɯː, *ɡɯː) : semantic 口 + phonetic 亥 (OC *ɡɯːʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰɯː, *ɡɯː) : semantic 口 + phonetic 亥 (OC *ɡɯːʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰɯː, *ɡɯː) : semantic 口 + phonetic 亥 (OC *ɡɯːʔ).
|Synonym of 英寸 (yīngcùn, “inch”) ‖ to scold
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kat¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : koi³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kai • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ka • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kha • Middle-Chinese : hoj ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄞ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haai¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hai ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hoi⁴ • Middle-Chinese : hoj ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : kak¹
| ‖ 吋(インチ) • (inchi)
|to cough • cough ‖ Used to express sorrow, remorse, or surprise. ‖ (of infant) to laugh; to cackle • Alternative form of 孩 (hái, “child; infant”) • interjection for sighing or order • Alternative form of 閡／阂 (“to be cut off from”) ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 㩿 (kak¹) (Used in 甩咳.)
| ‖ インチ: inch
| ‖ 咳(せき) • (seki)
|吋 • (chon) · 吋 • (chon) (hangeul 촌, revised chon, McCune–Reischauer ch'on)
| ‖ a cough
|咳 • (hae) · 咳 • (hae) (hangeul 해)
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|Hán-Nôm : cay • Hán-Nôm : hãy • Hán-Nôm : hỡi • Hán-Nôm : khái • Hán-Nôm : gay • Hán-Nôm : gây
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|吋
|咳
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|吒
|哄
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caak¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tà • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshà ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshia • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsa • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tà ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa¹
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡloːŋs) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 共 (OC *kloŋ, *ɡloŋs). ‖  ‖ For pronunciation and definitions of 哄 – see 鬨 (“to fight; to combat; to cause a commotion or disturbance”). \ (This character is the simplified form of 鬨). \  Notes: \ Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. \ Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
|braided hair ‖ Used in names of mythological characters. ‖ Used in place names.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hóng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : háng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hánn • Middle-Chinese : huwngH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hang ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : hung⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung³
|to fool; to cheat • to keep (especially a child) in good humor; to coax • (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taiwanese and Singapore Hokkien) to frighten; to menace; to threaten; to intimidate by violent language ‖ (of many people) to vocalize simultaneously ‖ (Cantonese) to move close to (somebody); to crowd (somebody)
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|吒 • (ta, tak) · 吒 • (ta, tak) (hangeul 타, 탁, revised ta, tak, McCune–Reischauer t'a, t'ak)
|哄 (eum 홍 (hong))
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|Hán-Nôm : họng • Hán-Nôm : hống • Hán-Nôm : hòng • Hán-Nôm : ngọng • Hán-Nôm : rống
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|吒
|哄
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|吳
|哇
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ng⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gôo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qreː, *qʷraː) : semantic 口 + phonetic 圭 (OC *kʷeː).
|to speak loudly; to shout • big • (historical) (～國) Wu, a state during the Western Zhou dynasty and the Spring and Autumn period • (historical) (～國) Eastern Wu, one of the Three Kingdoms • (historical) (～國) Wu, one of the Ten Kingdoms in eastern China which was in existence from 907 to 937 • the region comprising southern Jiangsu and northern Zhejiang • Wu; the Chinese dialects of that territory, including Suzhounese and Shanghainese • (～市) Kure (a city in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan) • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 虞 (yú)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄨㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ua • Middle-Chinese : 'ea • Middle-Chinese : 'wae
|Interjection indicating surprise or amazement: wow!, gee • (onomatopoeia) sound of crying • (onomatopoeia) sound of vomiting • (Classical) to vomit • Sentence-final particle: Equivalent of 啊 (a). Only used after words ending in -u, -ao.
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|China • to give something, to do something for someone
|吳 (eumhun 성씨 오 (seongssi o)) · 吳 (eumhun 큰소리칠 화 (keunsorichil hwa))
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|chữ Hán form of Ngô (“a surname”).
|哇 (eum 와 (wa))
|吳
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|Hán-Nôm : oa • Hán-Nôm : òa/oà
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|哇
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|呃
|哈
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ak¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aak¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : eh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : e̍rh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : e̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : èr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : erh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : è ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : ngaak¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngak¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aak¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄜ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aai³
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋɡuːb) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb). ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖ For Hui people, the surname is the initialism of several Arabic names, such as حَسَن (ḥasan). ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖ Mostly likely Sinitic, but the exact etymon is disputed. Possible etyma include: \ * Pause/topic/focus marker 呵, 啊 (Dede, 2007; Xu, 2015, 2021); \ * Accusative/dative marker 行 attested in the Secret History of the Yuan Dynasty (Du, 2005), which may come from the locative 上 (“on; above”) (Jiang, 1998); or \ * Locative 下 (“below”) (Yang, 2014; Zhou, 2019).
|to belch • to hiccup; to hiccough • um; uh; er (An interjection said when hesitating in speech) • (onomatopoeia) chicken call ‖ (Cantonese) to deceive; to fool • (Cantonese) to swindle ‖ Used to indicate approval or shock. ‖  
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngap⁶ • Middle-Chinese : ngop ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : haa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haai¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄚ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ha • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hap ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : hânn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hann • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hānn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hēnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hā ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haa¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄚˇ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : haa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haa⁵ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄚˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ha ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄚˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : Hap • Hokkien · Tai-lo : Hah ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄚˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ha ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kaa¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄚˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄚ ‖  ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄚˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄚ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄚˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄚˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄚˋ ‖
|^‡ (of fish) many; plenteous • ^‡ (of a fish's mouth) opening; moving • mouthful; sip ‖ (onomatopoeia) sound of laughter: ha • exclamation of triumph, etc.: ha! • (dialectal) Sentence-final particle softening the request. • to breathe out • (Xiamen, Quanzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to drink · (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to drink alcohol • (Xiamen, Quanzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to drink · (Taiwanese Hokkien) to drink tea • (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to exhale hot air to keep oneself warm • Short for 哈薩克斯坦／哈萨克斯坦 (Hāsàkèsītǎn, “Kazakhstan”). • Short for 哈爾濱／哈尔滨 (Hā'ěrbīn, “Harbin”). ‖ (Hokkien) Used to indicate confusion or pondering when the speaker did not hear or comprehend clearly: huh; hmm; what; pardon?; what did (they/you/he/she) say? • (Hokkien) Used to express doubt or disbelief: huh?; hmm?; what?; oh?; what do you mean? • (Hokkien) Used to express subtle surprise or amusement/astonishment: huh!; oh!; what! • (Taiwanese Hokkien) Used to express consent or agreement or approval: huh ok; oh alright; yeah; sure; ah yes ‖ (chiefly Mandarin, Jin, colloquial) to bend; to stoop ‖ (Beijing Mandarin) to scold; to reprimand ‖ Only used in 哈巴 (hǎba, “Pekingese; pug”). ‖ a surname (mainly among Hui people) ‖ Used in compounds. ‖ Only used in 哈喇 (hāla). ‖ (Southwestern Mandarin, Xiang) silly; stupid ‖ (Southwestern Mandarin) to tickle ‖ Only used in 哈士蟆 (hàshimá). ‖ Only used in 哈巴 (hàba). ‖ Alternative form of 喝 (“to drink”) • Alternative form of 呷 ‖ Used in place names. ‖ (Gansu and Qinghai Mandarin) Accusative/dative marker, placed after a preverbal object.
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|呃 (eum 애 (ae))
|哈 • (hap) · 哈 • (hap) (hangeul 합, revised hap, McCune–Reischauer hap)
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|Hán-Nôm : cáp • Hán-Nôm : hóp • Hán-Nôm : hộp • Hán-Nôm : ngáp • Hán-Nôm : họp • Hán-Nôm : hớp • Hán-Nôm : ngớp
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|呃
|哈
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|呎
|哎
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cek³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshik
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 艾 (OC *ŋaːds, *ŋads).
|(dated in Mainland China and Taiwan, still used in Hong Kong) Synonym of 英尺 (yīngchǐ, “foot”) • (Hong Kong) square foot
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aai¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ai³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ai
|Interjection of surprise.
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|interjection of surprise
|哎 • (ae) · 哎 • (ae) (hangeul 애)
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|foot
|Hán-Nôm : ngáy • Hán-Nôm : ngửi
|呎 (eum 척 (cheok))
|foot
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|呎
|哎
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|呐
|哥
|Stacked form of 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ). \ ; “elder brother” \ : It is a clipping of 阿哥 (MC 'a ka), a borrowing from Xianbei *aqa (“elder brother”) (Mei, 2015). Compare Proto-Mongolic *aka, whence also Mongolian ᠠᠬ᠎ᠠ (ak-a, “elder brother”). Related to 阿干 (MC 'a kan), which is the definite form of the same Xianbei word (Mei, 2015).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ko • Hokkien · Tai-lo : koo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : koh • Middle-Chinese : ka
|older brother; elder brother • older male relative of the same generation • (honorific) term of address for a male person of the same age or older • Short for 哥斯達黎加／哥斯达黎加 (Gēsīdálíjiā, “Costa Rica”). • Original form of 歌 (gē, “to sing; song”).
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|kanji used to transliterate borrowings from foreign languages • Alternative form of 歌 (“sing, singing”) • elder brother
|哥 (eumhun 성씨 가 (seongssi ga))
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|Hán-Nôm : ca • Hán-Nôm : kha
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|哥
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|哦
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːl) : semantic 口 (“mouth; speech”) + phonetic 我 (OC *ŋaːlʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːl) : semantic 口 (“mouth; speech”) + phonetic 我 (OC *ŋaːlʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːl) : semantic 口 (“mouth; speech”) + phonetic 我 (OC *ŋaːlʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːl) : semantic 口 (“mouth; speech”) + phonetic 我 (OC *ŋaːlʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːl) : semantic 口 (“mouth; speech”) + phonetic 我 (OC *ŋaːlʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : o² • Cantonese · Jyutping : o⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : òo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ôo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄛˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : o⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : o⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : o³ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : o⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngo⁴ • Middle-Chinese : nga
|Used to express doubt: oh?; really? (Usage same as that of 𡂿／𫪘 (ōu).) ‖ Used to express realization or understanding: oh (Usage same as that of 𡂿／𫪘 (ōu).) ‖ sentence-final particle conveying informality, warmth, friendliness or intimacy • sentence-final particle indicating that one is stating a fact that the other person is not aware of ‖ (Cantonese) Used to express acknowledgement: okay ‖ (literary) to recite (poetry); to chant • (Cantonese) to nag
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|呐 • (nul, yeol) · 呐 • (nul, yeol) (hangeul 눌, 열, McCune–Reischauer nul, yŏl)
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|哦 • (a) · 哦 • (a) (hangeul 아, revised a, McCune–Reischauer a)
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|呐
|canonical : 哦: Hán Việt readings: nga 哦: Nôm readings: nga
|chữ Hán form of nga (“recite, hum, croon”).
|哦
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|呱
|哨
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gu¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwaa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwaa² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuā
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sàu • Middle-Chinese : sjew • Middle-Chinese : tshjewH
|to patrol (keep watch over an area by regularly walking or travelling around it) • sentry; sentinel; post • to chirp • to whistle • whistle (device used to make a whistling sound) • a surname: Shao
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|to stand guard, to look out (for a suspect or enemy)
|哨 • (cho, so) · 哨 • (cho, so) (hangeul 초, 소, revised cho, so, McCune–Reischauer ch'o, so)
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|呱 • (go) · 呱 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko)
|Hán-Nôm : tiếu • Hán-Nôm : téo • Hán-Nôm : tóe • Hán-Nôm : toé • Hán-Nôm : tiêu
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|哨
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|哩
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 里 (OC *rɯʔ) \ The Min Nan form is borrowed from English mile. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 里 (OC *rɯʔ) \ The Min Nan form is borrowed from English mile. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 里 (OC *rɯʔ) \ The Min Nan form is borrowed from English mile. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 里 (OC *rɯʔ) \ The Min Nan form is borrowed from English mile. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 里 (OC *rɯʔ) \ The Min Nan form is borrowed from English mile. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 里 (OC *rɯʔ) \ The Min Nan form is borrowed from English mile.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : le¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : li¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mai ‖  ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄌㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : le¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --li • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --le • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --lee • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mai ‖  ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄞˇ
|(archaic) mile ‖ Used to indicate an interrogative perfective aspect. ‖ (at the end of declarative sentence) Used to indicate continuation of a state or action. • Placed after each item of a list ‖ (a phonetic component) · (Dungan) Marks the perfective aspect. ‖ a meaningless particle ‖ Only used in 哩伽塔.
| ‖ 哩(マイル) • (mairu)
|mile ‖ mile (mi)
|哩 (eum 리 (ri))
|mile
|Hán-Nôm : rị • Hán-Nôm : ré • Hán-Nôm : lí • Hán-Nôm : rí
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|呱
|哩
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|呶
|哪
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄠˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naau⁴
|Written as 那 before the 20th century. \ It is generally considered to be the fusion of 奈何 (OC *naːls ɡaːl, “how”) (Wang, 1990; Sun, 1992; Shimura, 1995), usually citing Gu Yanwu's (顧炎武) commentary on Zuozhuan. Lü (1985) distinguishes between “which” (choosing among several choices), which he derives from 若 (OC *njaɡ), and “how” (asking for something), which he considers to be a fusion of 若何 (OC *njaɡ ɡaːl, “how”). ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖
|to clamour
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄚˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄟˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄞˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄚˇㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ná • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nóo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄋㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄋㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naa³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naa¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄜˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄨㄛˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lô ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄚˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄝˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄨㄛˊ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : ná • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nah
|which; what • any • Indefinite determiner. • where • wherever; anywhere; everywhere • (rhetorical question) how (used in rhetorical questions) ‖ Sentence-final particle, equivalent to 啊 (a). ‖ Only used in 哪吒 (Nézhā). ‖ Used to indicate something that should be noticed. ‖ Used in personal names. ‖ Only used in 哪哪. ‖ what • interjection used to express surprise • then why; how
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|呶 • (no) · 呶 • (no) (hangeul 노, revised no, McCune–Reischauer no)
|哪 • (na) · 哪 • (na) (hangeul 나, McCune–Reischauer na)
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|Hán-Nôm : ná • Hán-Nôm : nư • Hán-Nôm : na • Hán-Nôm : nạ
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|呶
|哪
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|呷
|哮
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haap³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hap ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsia̍h
|to sip; to suck; to drink ‖ Alternative form of 嘎 (“to quack (like a duck)”) • Alternative form of 嘎 (“to laugh”) ‖ (chiefly Southern Min) Alternative form of 食 (“to eat; to drink; to take in”)
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hàu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : háu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hau • Middle-Chinese : xaew • Middle-Chinese : xaewH
|heavy breathing; wheeze • to roar; to howl
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|呷 • (hap) · 呷 • (hap) (hangeul 합)
|to howl loudly
|哮 (eum 효 (hyo))
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|Hán-Nôm : hao
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|呷
|哮
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|呸
|哼
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phuì ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : phuì
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰraːŋ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 亨 (OC *qʰaŋʔ, *pqʰraːŋ, *qʰraːŋ) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰraːŋ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 亨 (OC *qʰaŋʔ, *pqʰraːŋ, *qʰraːŋ)
|(strong, offensive) bah!; ugh! ‖ (Southern Min) to spit
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hang¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄏㄫ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hng⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hm⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hn̍gh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hngh
|to hum; to croon • to moan; to groan ‖ interjection at the start of a sentence expressing disapproval, disdain, discontent, displeasure, or anger: hmph; humph
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|呸 (eum 비 (bi))
|哼 • (hyeong) · 哼 • (hyeong) (hangeul 형)
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|Hán-Nôm : hanh
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|呸
|哼
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|咀
|唁
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsóo
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋrans) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 言 (OC *ŋan).
|to chew; to masticate
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gān • Middle-Chinese : ngjenH
|to offer condolences
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|express condolence
|唁 • (eon) · 唁 • (eon) (hangeul 언, revised eon, McCune–Reischauer ŏn)
|express condolence
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|咀 • (jeo) · 咀 • (jeo) (hangeul 저, revised jeo, McCune–Reischauer chŏ)
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|唁
|咀
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|咆
|唉
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pâu
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰlɯː, *qɯː, *qrɯː, *qrɯːʔ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 矣 (OC *ɢlɯʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰlɯː, *qɯː, *qrɯː, *qrɯːʔ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 矣 (OC *ɢlɯʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aai¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : oi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ai • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ài • Hokkien · Tai-lo : haih ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aai¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : oi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : haih
|interjection or grunt of agreement; yes; right • sighing interjection; ah; alas ‖ interjection or grunt of agreement; yes; right • sighing interjection; ah; alas • interjection expressing sadness, disappointment, regret, etc.; ah; alas
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|alas
|唉 • (ae) · 唉 • (ae) (hangeul 애, revised ae, McCune–Reischauer ae, Yale ay)
|ask • answer
|Hán-Nôm : ai • Hán-Nôm : hãy • Hán-Nôm : hởi • Hán-Nôm : hỡi • Hán-Nôm : hễ • Hán-Nôm : hĩ • Hán-Nôm : hơi
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|唉
|咆 • (po) · 咆 • (po) (hangeul 포, revised po, McCune–Reischauer p'o)
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|唧
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsiɡ, *ʔsɯɡ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 即 (OC *ʔsɯɡ). ‖  ‖  ‖ Borrowed from English jack. Doublet of 積／积 (zik¹).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zik¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zit¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsit • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiak • Middle-Chinese : tsit • Middle-Chinese : tsik ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zik¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zek¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsit • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiak • Middle-Chinese : tsit • Middle-Chinese : tsik ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : zek¹ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : zik¹
|to spurt; to squirt; to pump ‖ (onomatopoeia) ‖ (Cantonese) Sentence-final particle: · Used to persuade someone. • (Cantonese) Sentence-final particle: · Used to ask or question someone, often in an impatient tone. • (Cantonese) Sentence-final particle: · Used in a tender tone to indicate endearment. • (Cantonese) Sentence-final particle: · Used to indicate gratefulness, usually used with 好彩. ‖ (Cantonese) jack (device for raising and supporting a heavy object) • (Cantonese) to jack (to physically raise using a jack)
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|咆
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|咎
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiǔ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiū ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄠ
|fault; defect; error; mistake • calamity; misfortune • to blame; to punish; to find fault ‖ Alternative form of 鼛 (gāo, “large drum”) • a surname • Alternative form of 皋 (gāo, “a surname”):
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|fault • blame
|咎 • (gu, go) · 咎 • (gu, go) (hangeul 구, 고, revised gu, go, McCune–Reischauer ku, ko)
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|Hán-Nôm : tức • Hán-Nôm : cơ
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|咎
|唧
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|咚
|唬
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dung¹
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰraːs, *kʷraːɡ) : semantic 口 + phonetic 虎 (OC *qʰlaːʔ) ‖  ‖ For pronunciation and definitions of 唬 – see 號 (“to roar”). \ (This character is a variant form of 號). ‖
|(onomatopoeia) ratatat (sound of a drum or repeated hits) • (onomatopoeia) boom; thump; thud (sound of a drum or something falling)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠ • Middle-Chinese : xaeH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄛˊ • Middle-Chinese : kwaek ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haak³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hó
|angry voice of tiger ‖ voice of bird ‖ Alternative form of 嚇／吓 (“to frighten”) ‖ to frighten or to fool
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|唬 • (ho) · 唬 • (ho) (hangeul 호, revised ho, McCune–Reischauer ho)
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|咚
|唬
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|咦
|售
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji⁴
|An interjection used to express confusion. huh? • (Cantonese) Expression of disgust. ew
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siû • Middle-Chinese : dzyuwH
|to sell • to carry out (a plan); to achieve (something sinister)
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|咦 • (i, jae) · 咦 • (i, jae) (hangeul 이, 재, revised i, jae, McCune–Reischauer i, chae)
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|售 (eumhun 팔 수 (pal su))
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|咦
|canonical : 售: Hán Việt readings: thụ 售: Nôm readings: thụ • canonical : thịu
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|售
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|咧
|啃
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄝ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lit⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : le² • Cantonese · Jyutping : le¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : le⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lia̍t ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄝˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄌㄧㄝ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄝ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : le̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --leh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lér • Hokkien · Tai-lo : teh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : leh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lé ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --leh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --le ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : lē
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 肯 (OC *kʰɯːŋʔ). ‖
| ‖ to draw back the corners of one's mouth ‖ (dialectal) ‖ (Southern Min) in the process of; currently (placed before the verb) • (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang and Philippine Hokkien) in; at; on (placed after verbs indicating a change of location or position) • (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) give something a go; give something a try ‖ Sentence-final particle signalling emphasis of the preceding words. • Sentence-final interrogative particle used to express doubt. ‖ (Tong'an Hokkien) to joke; to kid; to make a joke; to joke around
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hang² • Cantonese · Jyutping : han² • Cantonese · Jyutping : kang² • Cantonese · Jyutping : hang³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄣˋ
|to gnaw; to nibble • (figuratively) to delve into; to study or overcome • (onomatopoeic) cough ‖ (colloquial) to eat
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|咧 • (ryeol) · 咧 • (ryeol) (hangeul 렬)
|啃 • (sap) · 啃 • (sap) (hangeul 삽, revised sap, McCune–Reischauer sap)
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|咧
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|啃
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|咫
|啄
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsí
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rtoːɡ, *toːɡ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 豖 (OC *tʰoɡ) ‖  ‖
|unit of measurement during the Zhou dynasty, equal to eight cun/tsun (寸) • few; little • short
|Cantonese · Jyutping : doek³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄛˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : teh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : terh • Middle-Chinese : tuwk • Middle-Chinese : traewk ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : doeng¹ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : top
| ‖ 咫(あた) • (ata) ‖ 咫(た) • (ta) ‖ 咫(し) • (shi)
|to peck (to strike with the beak or bill) • (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) with a sharp nose; having a nose shaped like a beak (used especially in compounds) ‖ beak; bill • bulge; protrusion; point; tip • to peck • to bite or hold with the mouth • to swindle; to rip off • to pick on; to target someone personally ‖ (Hokkien, business, gambling) to drive a hard bargain; to economically take advantage of; to exploit economically; to penny-pinch; to profiteer; to swindle; to cheat; to be stingy/miserly with (such as overpricing to favor sellers or undervaluing to favor buyers)
| ‖ (historical, archaic) roughly corresponds to the hand (traditional unit of length; in Japan, described as originally the distance from the tip of the thumb to the tip of the middle finger (or possibly index finger) with the hand outstretched, often defined as eight 寸 (sun, “traditional inch”) or roughly 18cm) ‖ (historical, archaic) roughly corresponds to the hand (traditional unit of length; in Japan, described as originally the distance from the tip of the thumb to the tip of the middle finger (or possibly index finger) with the hand outstretched, often defined as eight 寸 (sun, “traditional inch”) or roughly 18cm) ‖ (historical, archaic) roughly corresponds to the hand (traditional unit of length; in Japan, described as originally the distance from the tip of the thumb to the tip of the middle finger (or possibly index finger) with the hand outstretched, often defined as eight 寸 (sun, “traditional inch”) or roughly 18cm)
| ‖ 啄(たく) • (taku)
|to peck at ‖ the seventh of the Eight Principles of Yong
|啄 (eum 탁 (tak))
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|Hán-Nôm : trác • Hán-Nôm : trốc • Hán-Nôm : chác
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|啄
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|啊
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 阿 (OC *qaːl). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 阿 (OC *qaːl). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 阿 (OC *qaːl). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 阿 (OC *qaːl). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 阿 (OC *qaːl).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : a • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --a • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --ah ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aa² ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄚˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aa⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aa³
|Used by itself to express surprise. ah, oh, ha • Used to express affirmation or exhortation. ‖ Used to indicate doubt or questioning. what?, huh?, eh ‖ Used to indicate puzzled surprise. what? oh? huh? ‖ Used to indicate agreement/approval. ah ‖ Sentence-final particle expressing surprise. • Sentence-final particle expressing exclamation, excitement or enthusiasm. • Sentence-final particle softening the request. • Used in enumerations, for confirmation (often untranslated). • on and on, continuously
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|咫
|Exclamatory particle
|啊 • (a) · 啊 • (a) (hangeul 아, revised a, McCune–Reischauer a)
|love
|canonical : 啊: Hán Việt readings: a 啊: Nôm readings: a • canonical : à • canonical : ơ • canonical : ạ ‖
| ‖ Nôm form of a (“Used in the beginning of a sentence to indicate questioning: ah, oh, ha”).
|啊
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|咯
|啡
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kat¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kha̍k ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄌㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lo¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lok³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lo³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gok³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ko̍k ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lok⁶ ‖  ‖  ‖  
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰɯːlʔ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 非 (OC *pɯl). ‖  ‖  ‖
|to expel from the throat • an interjection, the sound of coughing ‖ (chiefly Cantonese) Sentence-final particle indicating that something is obvious. ‖ Used in 咯噠／咯哒. • an interjection, the sound of coughing, chicken's clucking, etc. • (Hokkien) sound of hens clucking • (Mainland China Hokkien) sound of swallowing • (Mainland China Hokkien) to take a big gulp quickly ‖ Only used in 吡咯 (bǐluò). ‖ (Xiang) this ‖ (Xiang) so; such ‖ (Xiang) this
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄟ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hui ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄟˋ • Middle-Chinese : phojX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄞˊ ‖  
|Used in transcription. • (chiefly Cantonese) Short for 咖啡 (kāfēi, “coffee”). • (～色) (chiefly Cantonese) brown ‖ ‖ ‖ (Eastern Min, dialectal Hakka) to spit
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|咯 • (gak) · 咯 • (gak) (hangeul 각, revised gak, McCune–Reischauer kak)
|啡 • (bae, bi) · 啡 • (bae, bi) (hangeul 배, 비, revised bae, bi, McCune–Reischauer pae, pi)
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|咯
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|啤
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : heoi² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiu ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : hiu¹
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth (phonetic)”) + phonetic 卑. \ Borrowed from English beer. First attested in 1828, in Robert Morrison's Vocabulary of the Canton Dialect. ‖ Borrowed from English pair. \ From 1950 at the earliest. ‖  ‖ Borrowed from English press. ‖  ‖
| ‖ (Cantonese, archaic) Alternative form of 嘵／哓 (“perfective aspect particle”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pî ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : pe¹ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : be¹ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : be¹ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : be¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei¹
|beer • (Hong Kong Cantonese) to drink beer ‖ pair • Classifier for pairs of objects. • Short for 啤牌. · playing card (Classifier: 張／张 c; 副 c; 套 c; 疊／叠 c) • Short for 啤牌. · (by extension) card game ‖ to stare; to glare ‖ to weld; to solder; to press a mould or seal an edge with a machine • to apply pressure to cause something to flow through ‖ (chiefly Cantonese) Used in transcription. ‖ larynx disorder that causes one to be unable to speak loudly • Alternative form of 諀 (bǐ)
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|咻 • (hyu) · 咻 • (hyu) (hangeul 휴, revised hyu, McCune–Reischauer hyu)
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|咻
|Hán-Nôm : bi • Hán-Nôm : bì
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|啤
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|哂
|啦
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : can²
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 拉. ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖ From 了 + 啊 ‖
|to smile • to laugh at, sneer at
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄌㄚ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄚ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : laa¹ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : --la • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --lah ‖  ‖
|(Mandarin, colloquial) Contraction of 了啊 (le a). · Used at the end of a sentence to indicate a change of state with a strong emotion. • (Mandarin, colloquial) Contraction of 了啊 (le a). · Used at the end of a sentence to inform the beginning of an action with a strong emotion. ‖  ‖ (Cantonese) Placed at the end of a sentence in imperatives making it sound more like a request than an order. • (onomatopoeia) cheering sound ‖ (Southern Min) Placed at the end of a sentence to denote completion of an action. • (Southern Min) Placed at the end of a sentence to denote dissatisfaction and perfunctoriness. • (Philippine Hokkien) Placed at the end of a sentence to denote affirmation. ‖ Placed on the end of a sentence to indicate a yes-no question. ‖ Used to indicate a persistent questioning tone • Used to indicate berating tone
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|哂 • (sin) · 哂 • (sin) (hangeul 신, revised sin, McCune–Reischauer sin)
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|哂
|Hán-Nôm : lạp • Hán-Nôm : láp
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|啦
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|唔
|啪
|Cantonese · Jyutping : m⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㆭˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄯˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : m⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ng⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˋ
|; (Cantonese) to take (a medicine or drug) ‖ ; (Cantonese) to take (a medicine or drug)
|(Cantonese, Teochew, Hakka) not (negator) ‖ Used to express agreement or permission: mhm; uh-huh • Used to express surprise. • Alternative form of 嗯: Used to express doubt. • (Cantonese) Used to express hesitation or thinking: hmm ‖ Only used in 咿唔 (yīwú, “sound of recitation”). ‖ (obsolete) Alternative form of 寤 (wù, “to wake”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paak¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paa¹ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : baak¹
|(onomatopoeia) pop; pow • (neologism, slang) Synonym of 啪啪啪 (pāpāpā, “to have sex”) • (Cantonese) to take (a medicine or drug) • (Cantonese) to eat quickly • (Cantonese) to break apart something in a snappy manner • (Cantonese) to make a snapping sound ‖ (Cantonese, slang) to execute by firing squad
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|reading voice
|唔 • (o) · 唔 • (o) (hangeul 오)
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|唔
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|唳
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lit⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lai⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁶
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|cry • honking of birds • droning of cicadas
|唳 • (ryeo) · 唳 • (ryeo) (hangeul 려, revised ryeo, McCune–Reischauer ryŏ)
|cry of bird • cry
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|唳
|啪
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|唷
|啼
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jo¹ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : ió • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ó
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *deː) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 帝 (OC *teːɡs).
|A particle used to express surprise or query ‖ (Quanzhou and Philippine Hokkien) Emphatic final particle used to make requests
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tê • Middle-Chinese : dej
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|^⁜ to cry loudly; to wail • (dialectal, by extension) to cry; to weep • ^⁜ (of birds or beasts) to call; to cry; to howl • a surname
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|唷 • (yuk) · 唷 • (yuk) (hangeul 육, revised yuk, McCune–Reischauer yuk)
|to cry, to call (e.g. as a bird does -- see 鳴く)
|啼 • (je) · 啼 • (je) (hangeul 제, revised je, McCune–Reischauer che, Yale cey)
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|Hán-Nôm : đề
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|唷
|啼
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|唸
|喂
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 + phonetic 畏 (OC *quls). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 + phonetic 畏 (OC *quls).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : eh ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄨㄟ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄨㄝ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai² • Cantonese · Jyutping : wei² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ueh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uê
|(used to call attention) Hey! ‖ hello?; yes? (greeting, used when responding to a call, such as a phone call) • (dated) Response when spoken to directly face-to-face: yes?
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|喂 • (wi) · 喂 • (wi) (hangeul 위)
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|groan, roar
|Hán-Nôm : ỏi • Hán-Nôm : ói • Hán-Nôm : ôi • Hán-Nôm : òi • Hán-Nôm : uy • Hán-Nôm : hôi • Hán-Nôm : ổi • Hán-Nôm : úi
|唸 • (jeom, jeon) · 唸 • (jeom, jeon) (hangeul 점, 전, revised jeom, jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏm, chŏn)
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|喂
|唸
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|啕
|喇
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tou⁴
| ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖
|to wail
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laa³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laa⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : la • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lá • Hokkien · Tai-lo : la̍t ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : la̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : la̍t ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄚˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laa¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄚˊ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : laa³ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : laa⁴
|Only used in 喇叭 (lǎba, “trumpet; bugle”). ‖ Only used in 喇嘛 (lǎma, “lama”). ‖  ‖ (onomatopoeia) sound of wind or rain ‖ Only used in 哈喇子 (hālázi, “saliva”) and 半喇子兒／半喇子儿 (“a half”). ‖ Used at the end of a sentence to indicate a change of state. • Used at the end of a sentence to inform the beginning of an action. ‖ Sentence-final particle expressing surprise and suspicion.
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|啕 • (do) · 啕 • (do) (hangeul 도, revised do, McCune–Reischauer to)
|喇 • (ral, ra) · 喇 • (ral, ra) (hangeul 랄, 라, revised ral, ra, McCune–Reischauer ral, ra)
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|Hán-Nôm : lạt
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|啕
|喇
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|啖
|喊
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : daam⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tam
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰaːmʔ, *qʰrɯːmʔ, *ɡrɯːmʔ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 咸 (OC *ɡrɯːm).
|to eat; to dine • to feed (someone/something) • to entice with the promise of profits; to lure with money • (Cantonese, dialectal Hakka, Pinghua) Classifier for mouthfuls of things (water, rice, etc.) • (Cantonese) Classifier for kisses.
|Cantonese · Jyutping : haam³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hám • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiàm • Middle-Chinese : xamX • Middle-Chinese : heamX • Middle-Chinese : xeamX
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|to shout; to cry; to yell; to howl • to call out for (someone) • (Cantonese) to cry; to sob; to weep • (regional) to address (someone in the specified way when talking to them); to call
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|啖 • (dam) · 啖 • (dam) (hangeul 담, revised dam, McCune–Reischauer tam)
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|喊 (eumhun 소리칠 함 (sorichil ham))
|hanja form of 함 (“shout”)
|Hán-Nôm : hảm
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|啖
|喊
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|啜
|喘
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyut³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyut³⁻¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyut³⁻² • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyut³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsheh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsherh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshueh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuat ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄛˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄛˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄞˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyut³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : Tshuè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : Tshè
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰjonʔ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 耑 (OC *toːn).
|(literary or dialectal) to taste; to eat; to drink; to sip • (Cantonese) to suck • (Cantonese) to kiss • (Cantonese) to stick to (a surface); to be stuck on • (literary) thick soup • (literary) to sob; to weep • (Hakka) Alternative form of 撮 (cod⁵) to cheat; to deceive; to hoax ‖ ^‡ to be talkative; to nag ‖ a surname
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuán • Middle-Chinese : tsyhwenX
|to pant; to gasp • to breathe • breath; breathing
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|pant • gasp • breathe hard
|喘 • (cheon) · 喘 • (cheon) (hangeul 천, revised cheon, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏn)
|
|
|啜 • (cheol) · 啜 • (cheol) (hangeul 철)
|Hán-Nôm : suyễn • Hán-Nôm : suyển • Hán-Nôm : siễn
|
|
|喘
|-
|喚
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰʷaːns) : semantic 口 + phonetic 奐 (OC *qʰʷaːns).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : wun⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huàn • Middle-Chinese : xwanH
|to call; to summon
| ‖ 喚(かん) • (kan) ^(←くわん (kwan)?)
| ‖ to shout; to cry • to call; to summon
|喚 (eumhun 부를 환 (bureul hwan))
|hanja form of 환 (“call”)
|Hán-Nôm : hoán
|
|
|啜
|喚
|-
|-
|啞
|喧
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aa² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : é • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ée • Hokkien · Tai-lo : á ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ak¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aak¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ik ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : a
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰʷan) : semantic 口 + phonetic 宣 (OC *sqʰon).
|mute; dumb (unable to speak) • speechless; without sound • hoarse • (of a shell, bomb, etc.) to fail to explode; (of a firearm) to fail to fire ‖ (onomatopoeia) laughter; sound of laughing ‖ Alternative form of 呀 • (onomatopoeia) The sound of cawing. • (onomatopoeia) The sound of a child learning to speak.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hyun¹ • Middle-Chinese : xjwon
| ‖
|noisy; uproarious; clamouring
|Kyūjitai form of 唖 ‖
|
|啞 • (a) · 啞 • (a) (hangeul 아, revised a, McCune–Reischauer a)
|noisy; uproarious; clamouring • lively
|喧 • (hwon) · 喧 • (hwon) (hangeul 훤, revised hwon, McCune–Reischauer hwŏn)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : huyên
|
|
|啞
|喧
|-
|-
|啟
|單
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kai² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khé
|Characters in the same phonetic series (單) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Pictogram (象形) – a net to catch animals. The two boxes at the top are weights, the middle section is the net, the bottom is the rope. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(d/t)a(n/j) (“single; one; whole; only”). Cognate with 但 (OC *daːn, *daːnʔ, *daːns, “only; but”). ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖
|to open • to enlighten; to educate; to inspire • to start; to begin; to commence • to inform; to state; to explain • note; short letter • (Chinese mythology) Qi of Xia (second king of the semi-legendary Xia dynasty) • Short for 啟示錄／启示录 (Qǐshìlù, “Revelation”). • a surname
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuann • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tan • Middle-Chinese : tan ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sim⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siân • Middle-Chinese : dzyen ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : Siān • Middle-Chinese : dzyenX • Middle-Chinese : dzyenH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢˊ
|single; individual; solitary • thin; narrow; faint • simple; uncomplicated • (of clothes) unlined • (mathematics) Short for 單數／单数 (dānshù, “odd”). • (linguistics) Short for 單數／单数 (dānshù, “singular”). • cover; bed sheet • list; register; catalogue • only; merely; simply • and; plus • bill (Classifier: 張／张 c) • (Cantonese) receipt (Classifier: 張／张 c) • (Cantonese) transaction; order (Classifier: 張／张 c) • Classifier for cases, deals and businesses. • (Cantonese, derogatory) Classifier for people. • a surname ‖ to surround • Used in 單于 (chányú). • Used in 單閼／单阏. ‖ (～縣) Shan County (a county of Shandong) • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 嘽／啴 • Alternative form of 繟／𦈎 ‖ Alternative form of 戰／战 (zhàn) • Used in 單至／单至. ‖ (rare) a surname
|
|
|
|
|啟 • (gye) · 啟 • (gye) (hangeul 계, revised gye, McCune–Reischauer kye)
|單 (eumhun 홀 단 (hol dan)) ‖ 單 (eumhun 오랑캐 이름 선 (orangkae ireum seon))
|hanja form of 단 (“single; individual; solitary”) ‖ hanja form of 선 (“a barbarian”)
|Hán-Nôm : đơn • Hán-Nôm : đan • Hán-Nôm : thiền • Hán-Nôm : truyên
|
|
|
|單
|啟
|-
|-
|啣
|喳
| ‖ Misinterpreted from Manchu ᠵᡝ (je). Compare Mongolian ᠵᠠ (ǰa) (Cyrillic spelling за (za)).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshā ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa¹
|(onomatopoeia) sound of birds tweeting loudly. ‖ (historical, chiefly in novels, movies or dramas) yes (when responding to the emperor or a Manchu official in the Qing dynasty)
|
|
|
|
|喳 (eum 사 (sa))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tra
|
|
|啣 • (ham) · 啣 • (ham) (hangeul 함, revised ham, McCune–Reischauer ham)
|喳
|-
|喻
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *los) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 俞 (OC *l̥ʰus, *lo). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *los) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 俞 (OC *l̥ʰus, *lo).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jū • Middle-Chinese : yuH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ
|to inform; to notify; to explain • to understand; to know • to draw an analogy; to liken; to use a metaphor • a surname ‖ ^† Alternative form of 愉 (yú, “happy”)
| ‖
|Extended shinjitai form of 喩 ‖
|喻 • (yu) · 喻 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu, Yale yu)
|
|
|
|canonical : 喻: Hán Việt readings: dụ • canonical : du 喻: Nôm readings: dụ • canonical : dầu • canonical : dẫu • canonical : dỗ • canonical : nhủ • canonical : rủ • canonical : dẩu
|啣
|chữ Hán form of dụ (“allegory, metaphor, to explain”).
|喻
|-
|-
|啥
|嗓
|Cantonese · Jyutping : saa² • Cantonese · Jyutping : saa¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄚˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siánn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sánn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siá • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siannh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sannh
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sŋaːŋʔ) : semantic 口 + phonetic 桑 (OC *sŋaːŋ). \ Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s(j)a(m/ŋ) (“throat”) (STEDT).
|(colloquial, dialectal Mandarin, Southern Min, Wu) what
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : song¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : song² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sóng
|(anatomy) throat • voice
|
|
|what (variant of 舍)
|
|
|嗓 (eum 상 (sang))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tảng • Hán-Nôm : tang • Hán-Nôm : tãng • Hán-Nôm : sãng
|
|
|啥
|嗓
|-
|-
|啻
|嗚
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci³
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qaː) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 烏 (OC *qaː).
|only; just • Original form of 啇 (dì). • Alternative form of 適／适
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : oo • Middle-Chinese : 'u
|(onomatopoeia) Sound of sobbing or crying.
|
|
|(expression) oh, ah, alas • to weep
|嗚 • (o) · 嗚 • (o) (hangeul 오, revised o, McCune–Reischauer o)
|
|
|啻 • (si) · 啻 • (si) (hangeul 시)
|Hán-Nôm : ô • Hán-Nôm : o • Hán-Nôm : ọ • Hán-Nôm : ỏ • Hán-Nôm : u • Hán-Nôm : ú
|
|
|
|嗚
|啻
|-
|-
|啾
|嗜
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zau¹
|(onomatopoeia) waa (wailing of a child) • (onomatopoeia) chirp (of a bird) • (onomatopoeia) chu (sound of a kiss)
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : si³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sī • Middle-Chinese : dzyijH
|to be addicted to; to indulge in; to have weakness for • to covet
|
|
|啾 • (chu) · 啾 • (chu) (hangeul 추, revised chu, McCune–Reischauer ch'u)
|like • prefer
|嗜 • (gi) · 嗜 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : thị
|
|
|啾
|嗜
|-
|-
|喀
|嗡
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄚˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haak³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kaa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haak¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kaa³
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qloːŋ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 翁 (OC *qloːŋ). ‖ Semantic loan from Sanskrit ॐ (oṃ).
|(onomatopoeia) noise made in coughing or vomiting • Used in transliterations.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ong ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄛㄫ
|(onomatopoeia) buzzing; droning; humming ‖ (Buddhism) om
|
|
|
|
|喀 • (gaek) · 喀 • (gaek) (hangeul 객, revised gaek, McCune–Reischauer kaek, Yale kayk)
|嗡 (eumhun 소 울음 옹 (so ureum ong))
|
|
|canonical : 嗡: Hán Việt readings: ông • canonical : án 嗡: Nôm readings: óng • canonical : ông
|
|
|喀
|嗡
|-
|-
|喃
|嗣
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naam⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄢˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄢˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naam⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naam⁴
|(onomatopoeia) Used in 喃喃 (nánnán). • (onomatopoeia) Used in 呢喃 (nínán). ‖ Only used in 噆喃. ‖ (Southwestern Mandarin) Interrogative particle, equivalent to 呢 (ne) in Standard Chinese. ‖ (of or relating to) chữ Nôm ‖ Used in transcription.
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sīr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sû • Middle-Chinese : ziH
|(literary) to inherit; to continue • (literary) descendants • (literary) heir; successor • (literary) soon after
|
|
|喃 • (nam) · 喃 • (nam) (hangeul 남, revised nam, McCune–Reischauer nam)
|to inherit; to succeed (take over a position). See the variant form: 継ぐ.
|嗣 • (sa) · 嗣 • (sa) (hangeul 사, revised sa, McCune–Reischauer sa)
|
|
|common speech
|Hán-Nôm : tự
|喃
|
|嗣
|-
|-
|喋
|嗽
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dip⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dip⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaap⁶
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sloːɡs, *sroːɡ, *sloːɡ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 欶 (OC *sloːɡs, *sroːɡ).
|talking endlessly; talkative ‖ bleeding ‖ mouth opening and closing; sucking
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄡˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sok³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sòo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sàu • Middle-Chinese : suwH • Middle-Chinese : suwk • Middle-Chinese : sraewk
|to cough
| ‖ 嗽(うがい) • (ugai) ^(←うがひ (ugafi)?) ‖  
| ‖ gargling ‖ gargle
|嗽 • (su) · 嗽 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su)
|
|
|talk, chat, chatter
|Hán-Nôm : sấu
|喋 • (cheop, jap) · 喋 • (cheop, jap) (hangeul 첩, 잡, revised cheop, jap, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏp, chap)
|
|
|嗽
|-
|嘀
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 啇. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 啇.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˊ
|An onomatopoeia. ‖ Used in 嘀咕 (dígu).
|
|
|喋
|-
|喔
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄛˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄛ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ak¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ok¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngak¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : o¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ooh
|the sound of a chicken: cluck ‖ Particle conveying realization.
|
|
|
|
|喔 • (ak) · 喔 • (ak) (hangeul 악, revised ak, McCune–Reischauer ak)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : đích
|
|
|喔
|嘀
|-
|-
|喟
|嘉
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai² • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai⁶
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kraːl) : semantic 壴 + phonetic 加 (OC *kraːl).
|(literary) to heave a sigh; to sigh
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ka • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kee • Middle-Chinese : kae
|excellent; good • auspicious • to praise, commend
|
|
|sigh
|praise • auspicious
|喟 • (wi, goe) · 喟 • (wi, goe) (hangeul 위, 괴, revised wi, goe, McCune–Reischauer wi, koe, Yale wi, koy)
|嘉 (eum 가 (ga))
|beautiful • happy, joyous
|Hán-Nôm : gia
|
|
|
|嘉
|喟
|-
|-
|喬
|嘗
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kiu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiâu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kiu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiâu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˊ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiâu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiâu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˊ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djaŋ) : phonetic 尚 (OC *djaŋ, *djaŋs) + semantic 旨 (“will; intention”).
|tall; lofty • section on the shaft of a spear near the spearhead for hanging a feather • a surname ‖ to pretend; to feign; to disguise • (archaic, derogatory) bad; vile; crafty; fake; stupid; cowardly; useless • (archaic) headstrong and easily angered ‖ Alternative form of 驕／骄 (jiāo, “proud; arrogant”) ‖ Only used in 喬詰／乔诘. ‖ (Hokkien) to make things difficult for ‖ (Hokkien, Taiwanese Mandarin) to discuss; to negotiate; to coordinate ‖ Joe (English given name) • Joel (English given name)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : soeng⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siâng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsn̂g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siáng • Middle-Chinese : dzyang
|to taste; to try the flavour • to attempt; to try • to experience • (literary) ever; once • a surname
|
|
|high • boasting
|once • before • formerly • ever • never • ex- • lick • lap up • burn up • taste • undergo • underrate • despise
|喬 • (gyo) · 喬 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo)
|嘗 • (sang) · 嘗 • (sang) (hangeul 상, revised sang, McCune–Reischauer sang)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : thường
|
|
|喬
|嘗
|-
|-
|喱
|嘛
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei¹
| ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖
|grain (unit)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄇㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maa³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --ma • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --mah ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄚˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄚˊㄦ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄇㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maa⁴ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : mā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mǎ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄚˊ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : mà
|(suggests that the preceding is obvious, sometimes impatient in tone): Of course! • Signals a pause in a sentence, sometimes used to get the listener's attention. • Used at the end of an imperative or request to express expectation or dissuasion. ‖ (dialectal) what ‖ Only used in 喇嘛 (lǎma). ‖ (Southern Min) also ‖ Only used in 唵嘛呢叭咪吽 (ǎn mānī bēimēi hōng). ‖ Only used in 嘛嘛吼 (mamahǒu).
|
|
|
|嘛 • (ma) · 嘛 • (ma) (hangeul 마, revised ma, McCune–Reischauer ma, Yale ma)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : ma
|
|
|嘛
|-
|嘴
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔseʔ) : semantic 口 + phonetic 觜 (OC *ʔse, *ʔse, *ʔseʔ). \ Related to 觜 (OC *ʔse, *ʔse, *ʔseʔ, “horn-like hair on the owl-head; beak of a bird; mouth”). \ Further etymology is unknown. Schuessler (2007) relates it to Tibetan མཚུལ་པ (mtshul pa, “lower part of the face; muzzle; beak”), which is from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-ts(j)ul (“lip; beak”) (STEDT).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄟˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄟˇㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuí
|(anatomy) mouth (especially the part of the face associated with the mouth) (Classifier: 張／张 m) • (figurative) mouth-like object; beak; nozzle; spout (of a teapot, etc.) • (figurative) food • (figurative) utterance; spoken words; speech • (Cantonese) to kiss • (literary) beak
| ‖ 嘴(くちばし) • (kuchibashi) ‖ 嘴(はし) • (hashi)
|beak; bill ‖ (anatomy) beak; bill ‖ (anatomy) beak; bill
|嘴 (eum 취 (chwi))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : chủy • Hán-Nôm : chuỷ
|
|
|喱
|嘴
|-
|-
|喲
|嘶
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄛ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jo¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄧㄛ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄧㄠ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄧㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jo¹
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *seː) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 斯 (OC *se).
|An interjection used when surprised. ‖ A particle used at the end of phrases where there is a pause.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sai¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : si¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sir • Hokkien · Tai-lo : su • Middle-Chinese : sej
|
|neighing of a horse • husky throated; gravel voiced • (of birds; insects) mournful murmur; whimpering • (onomatopoeia, of various sounds) eg. sound of paper being shredded; sobbing
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|
|喲 • (yak) · 喲 • (yak) (hangeul 약, revised yak, McCune–Reischauer yak)
|to neigh, to whinny
|嘶 • (si) · 嘶 • (si) (hangeul 시, revised si, McCune–Reischauer si)
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|
|Hán-Nôm : tê
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|
|喲
|嘶
|-
|-
|嗆
|嘹
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄤ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiàng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiùnn ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshngh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshǹg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshn̍gh
|to choke (due to swallowing the wrong way) ‖ to irritate the respiratory organs, especially the nose (of smoke or odor) • (Taiwan) to shout at somebody; to speak out against somebody ‖ (Hokkien) to sniffle; to snuffle; to snort (especially outwards rather than inwards when the nose is stuffed) • (Taiwanese Hokkien) to sob incessantly
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|
|
|嗆 • (chang) · 嗆 • (chang) (hangeul 창, revised chang, McCune–Reischauer ch'ang)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : liu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâu • Middle-Chinese : lew • Middle-Chinese : lewH
|(of sound) clear and melodious
|
|
|used to describe clearness of voice
|嘹 • (ryo) · 嘹 • (ryo) (hangeul 료, revised ryo, McCune–Reischauer ryo)
|used describe clarity of voice • resonant
|Hán-Nôm : rêu
|
|
|嗆
|嘹
|-
|-
|嗇
|嘻
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siah ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰɯ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 喜 (OC *qʰlɯʔ).
|Original form of 穡／穑 (sè). · to reap • Original form of 穡／穑 (sè). · farming; farm labour ‖ (obsolete) to cherish • (obsolete) to save; to conserve; to not waste • miserly; thrifty; stingy • (obsolete) to covet • (obsolete) to lack; to be insufficient • (rare) to have a poor harvest • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) silent and not speaking; not disclosing anything • ：佯嗇嗇／佯啬啬 [Hokkien] ― tèⁿ sek sek [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― to pretend not to know • a surname ‖ (obsolete) Alternative form of 濇／涩 (sè, “not smooth; not flowing”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hei¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hi • Middle-Chinese : xi
|(interjection) expression of surprise • (onomatopoeia) representation for laughter
|
|
|lowly • the country • the countryside • be countrified
|mirthful • happy • interjection
|嗇 • (akkil saek/geodul saek) · 嗇 • (akkil saek/geodul saek) (hangeul 아낄 색/거둘 색, revised saek, McCune–Reischauer saek)
|嘻 • (hui) · 嘻 • (hui) (hangeul 희, revised hui, McCune–Reischauer hŭi)
|miserly, thrifty, stingy • stopped up, constipated
|harmony • laugh
|Hán-Nôm : hi • Hán-Nôm : hảy • Hán-Nôm : hề • Hán-Nôm : hì • Hán-Nôm : hí
|
|
|嗇
|嘻
|-
|-
|嗎
|嘿
|Cantonese · Jyutping : maa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maa³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄇㄚ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ma • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --ma • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --ba ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maa⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : môo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄚˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄚˊㄦ
|Final interrogative particle, forming yes/no questions. ‖ Used as a phonetic character. ‖ (Mandarin, colloquial) what
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : heh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --heh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --hennh
|hey (used to get attention, or express admiration or surprise) • hah; hee; lol • (Taiwan) yeah; yes
|
|
|嗎 • (ma) · 嗎 • (ma) (hangeul 마)
|
|
|嘿 • (muk) · 嘿 • (muk) (hangeul 묵, revised muk, McCune–Reischauer muk)
|
|
|嗎
|Hán-Nôm : hải
|
|嘿
|-
|-
|嗑
|噩
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaap³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haap³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngap¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hap⁶
|The same character as 咢, both ultimately derived from or identical to 喪, see there for more.
|to crack between the teeth • to talk; to gab • Alternative form of 喝
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngok⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : go̍k • Middle-Chinese : ngak
|frightening; startling; shocking; ill-omened
|
|
|eat seeds • reproach • loquacious
|bad • ill-omened • unlucky
|噩 • (ak) · 噩 • (ak) (hangeul 악, revised ak, McCune–Reischauer ak)
|
|
|eat seeds • reproach • loquacious
|Hán-Nôm : ngạc
|
|
|嗑
|噩
|-
|-
|嗟
|噪
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ze¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˋ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *saːws) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 喿 (OC *saːws, “to chirp”). \ Originally written 喿, see there for more.
|(literary) sigh; alas ‖ Only used in 咄嗟 (duōjiē, “in a short time”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cou³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshòo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsàu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sò • Middle-Chinese : sawH
| ‖ 嗟(ああ) or 嗟(アー) • (ā)
|(literary) to chirp; to cry • to clamor; to make an uproar; to make a racket
| ‖ Alternative form of アー
|嗟 • (cha) · 嗟 • (cha) (hangeul 차, revised cha, McCune–Reischauer ch'a)
|
|
|
|
|嗟
|噪 • (jo) · 噪 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho)
|
|Hán-Nôm : táo • Hán-Nôm : tháo
|
|噪
|-
|-
|嗤
|噴
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshi
|Characters in the same phonetic series (奔) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰɯːn, *pʰɯːns, *pɯns) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 賁 (OC *prals, *bɯl, *pɯːn, *bɯn) \ STEDT compares it to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *m/s-prat ~ *pran (“to sprinke; to spray”), whence Burmese ဖျန်း (hpyan:, “to spray, to sprinkle”). On the other hand, Schuessler (2007) compares it to Mizo phuh (“to blow out of the mouth”), Tibetan ཕུ་བ (phu ba, “to blow”). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (奔) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰɯːn, *pʰɯːns, *pɯns) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 賁 (OC *prals, *bɯl, *pɯːn, *bɯn) \ STEDT compares it to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *m/s-prat ~ *pran (“to sprinke; to spray”), whence Burmese ဖျန်း (hpyan:, “to spray, to sprinkle”). On the other hand, Schuessler (2007) compares it to Mizo phuh (“to blow out of the mouth”), Tibetan ཕུ་བ (phu ba, “to blow”).
|to laugh at; to jeer; to sneer
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄣ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pan³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pan¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phùn • Middle-Chinese : phwon • Middle-Chinese : phwonH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣˋ
|to spurt; to gush; to jet out • to spray • (colloquial, slang) to angrily rebuke or scold • (of smell) strong; fragrant • (colloquial) busy season (of something) • Classifier for the number of times a plant blooms, bears fruits, ripens or is harvested. ‖ ^† to play a wind instrument
|
|
|laugh • ridicule, mock, make fun of
|erupt, spew
|嗤 • (chi) · 嗤 • (chi) (hangeul 치, revised chi, McCune–Reischauer ch'i)
|噴 (eumhun 뿜을 분 (ppumeul bun))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : phun • Hán-Nôm : phún • Hán-Nôm : phôn
|
|
|嗤
|噴
|-
|-
|嗥
|嚇
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hou⁴
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰraːɡs, *qʰraːɡ) : semantic 口 + phonetic 赫 (OC *qʰraːɡ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/d-krwak (“frighten”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan སྐྲག་ (skrag), Burmese ကြောက် (krauk), Lashi kyuk (Hill, 2019). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰraːɡs, *qʰraːɡ) : semantic 口 + phonetic 赫 (OC *qʰraːɡ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/d-krwak (“frighten”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan སྐྲག་ (skrag), Burmese ကြောက် (krauk), Lashi kyuk (Hill, 2019). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰraːɡs, *qʰraːɡ) : semantic 口 + phonetic 赫 (OC *qʰraːɡ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/d-krwak (“frighten”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan སྐྲག་ (skrag), Burmese ကြောက် (krauk), Lashi kyuk (Hill, 2019).
|howl (like a wolf); wail
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haak³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : herk • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hà • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiannh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : heeh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hennh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : heh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hat • Middle-Chinese : xaeH • Middle-Chinese : xaek ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haak¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hennh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : he̍nnh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : henn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiannh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : heh • Middle-Chinese : xaek ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : hánn
|(transitive) to frighten; to scare • (intransitive) to be afraid; to be scared; to be frightened • to threaten; to intimidate • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) Used to express intimidation ‖ Used to express disapproval, discontent, or resentment: tut-tut; humph • Used to express astonishment. • (Hokkien) Used to express a positive response: that's right; right • (Hokkien) Placed at the end of a sentence to indicate doubt: isn’t it so? ‖ (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to threaten; to intimidate; to frighten • (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to cow someone to submission
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|嚇 • (ha, hyeok) · 嚇 • (ha, hyeok) (hangeul 하, 혁, revised ha, hyeok, McCune–Reischauer ha, hyŏk)
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|
|Hán-Nôm : hách • Hán-Nôm : hạ
|
|
|嚇
|-
|嚎
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 + phonetic 豪 (OC *ɡaːw). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : âu ‖
|(of an animal) to roar; to howl • (of people) to shout • (dialectal) to cry; to weep ‖ Sentence-final particle used to indicate a rebuting tone. • Used to indicate surprise.
|
|
|嗥
|-
|嗦
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : so¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sok³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : so
|Used in 哆嗦 (duōsuo). • Used in 囉嗦／啰嗦 (luōsuo). • Used in 嗦嗦. • (Guangxi Mandarin) to eat (rice noodles, luosifen, etc.)
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|
|嚎 • (ho) · 嚎 • (ho) (hangeul 호, revised ho, McCune–Reischauer ho)
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|
|Hán-Nôm : hào • Hán-Nôm : gào
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|
|嚎
|-
|嚴
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋam) : semantic 喦 (“talkative”) + phonetic 敢 (OC *klaːmʔ, “daring”) – the original script of 譀 (OC *qʰlaːms, *qʰraːms, *qʰraːb, “exaggerated and absurd words”). \ The meanings of “solemn” and “stern” may be a result of phonetic borrowing. \ Schuessler (2007) considers 嚴 (OC *ŋam) to be cognate with the following: \ * 巖 (OC *ŋraːm, “(of mountains) high; lofty”) \ * 儼 (OC *ŋamʔ, “dignified; majestic”) \ * 險 (OC *qʰramʔ, “precipitous; dangerous”) \ * 業 (OC *ŋab, “lofty; large”) (an allofam with a stop final). \ They are all Sino-Tibetan in origin. Cognates in Tibetan include Tibetan རྔམ་པ་ (rngam pa, “splendor; majesty”) and Tibetan རྔམས (rngams, “height; splendor”). Burmese ငြမ်း (ngram:, “scaffold”) may also be a cognate.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : giâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gêm • Middle-Chinese : ngjaem
|strict; rigorous; rigid • solemn; majestic; stately; grave • urgent; pressing • severe; intense • (of a door, mouth, defense, etc.) tight • (literary) to respect • (literary) to fear • (honorific) father • a surname
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|
|Kyūjitai form of 厳 (strictness, severity, rigidity)
|嚴 • (eom) · 嚴 • (eom) (hangeul 엄, revised eom, McCune–Reischauer ŏm)
|strict, rigorous, rigid • stern
|Hán-Nôm : nghiêm • Hán-Nôm : ngàm
|
|
|嗦
|嚴
|-
|-
|嗨
|嚷
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄞ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haai¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hei¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hoi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hài ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄞ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haai¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄞ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haai¹
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njaŋʔ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 襄 (OC *snaŋ) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njaŋʔ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 襄 (OC *snaŋ)
|Alternative form of 咳 (hāi) ‖ (colloquial) hi; hey ‖ (colloquial) to get high on • (colloquial) to be exhilarated; to have fun (not necessarily under the influence of alcohol or recreational drugs)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiáng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jióng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄤ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄤˇ
|
|to shout; to cry out • to make an uproar, to brawl • (dialectal) to criticize ‖ Synonym of 嚷 (rǎng) Only used in 嚷嚷 (rāngrang).
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|嚷 • (yang) · 嚷 • (yang) (hangeul 양, revised yang, McCune–Reischauer yang)
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|Hán-Nôm : nhượng • Hán-Nôm : nhằng • Hán-Nôm : nhương • Hán-Nôm : nhướng • Hán-Nôm : nhưỡng
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|
|嗨
|嚷
|-
|-
|嗯
|嚼
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㆭˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄯˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄣˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ng² ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㆭˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄯˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄣˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄥˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄣ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㆭˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄯˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄣˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄥˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ng⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄣ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄥ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zewɢ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 爵 (OC *ʔsewɢ). \ Schuessler (2003) links this word with Proto-Mon-Khmer *caʔ (“to eat”). Also compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dzaʔ (“to eat”). ‖
|Used as an interjection to express doubt or curiosity. ‖ Used as an interjection to express surprise. ‖ Used as an interjection to express agreement or pledge. • Alternative form of 硬 (yìng) ‖ (onomatopoeia) A groaning sound.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsio̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsio̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiok • Middle-Chinese : dzjak ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsia̍uh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshia̍uh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiauh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiauh
|(transitive) to chew; to masticate; to crunch ‖ (Hokkien) to chatter; to prattle; to talk incessantly (used mainly in compounds) • (Hokkien) to chatter; to prattle; to talk incessantly (used mainly in compounds) · (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippine and Taiwanese Hokkien) to be fond of talking; to chatter • (Taiwanese Hokkien, music, dated) paiban (played by hitting it on one's palm or knee) • (Taiwanese Hokkien, music, dated) sound of a paiban • (Taiwanese Hokkien, music, dated) to play the paiban • (Taiwanese Hokkien, dated) to jump in a bouncing way like a rabbit
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|嚼 • (jak) · 嚼 • (jak) (hangeul 작, revised jak, McCune–Reischauer chak)
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|Hán-Nôm : tước
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|嚼
|-
|囊
|Characters in the same phonetic series (襄) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) – a tied bag (𣒚), with various items in it (𤕦). 𤕦 also serves as a phonetic element. There are many alternative forms. In the modern, standard form, the bottom turned into an abbreviated form of 襄, with the result that the character is a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *naːŋ) : abbreviated semantic 㯻 (“bag”) + abbreviated phonetic 襄 (OC *snaŋ). \ Possibly Sino-Tibetan; compare Burmese နွှင် (hnwang, “to skin; to peel off”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄤˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄤ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : long • Middle-Chinese : nang ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : long²
|bag; sack; pouch; pocket • to bag; to put into a bag • to cover • (Hokkien) to wear; to put on • (Xiamen and Taiwanese Hokkien) to put into • (Quanzhou Hokkien) to fool; to trick; to trap • a surname ‖ interior; contents • (of a structure) shell; skeleton • framework; outline; gist
| ‖
|bag • purse • sack • put in bag ‖
|囊 (eumhun 주머니 낭 (jumeoni nang))
|pocket • bag
|Hán-Nôm : nang • Hán-Nôm : nẵng
|
|
|嗯
|囊
|-
|-
|嗷
|囤
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngou⁴
| ‖
|(onomatopoeia) sound of wailing • clamor
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tyun⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : teon⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tûn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thûn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tún • Middle-Chinese : dwonX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : deon⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǔn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tūn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tún • Middle-Chinese : dwonX
|to store up; to hoard ‖ grain basket; bin for grain
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|嗷 • (o) · 嗷 • (o) (hangeul 오, revised o, McCune–Reischauer o)
|囤 • (don) · 囤 • (don) (hangeul 돈, revised don, McCune–Reischauer ton)
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|Hán-Nôm : độn • Hán-Nôm : đụn
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|嗷
|囤
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|-
|嗾
|圃
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄡˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau² • Cantonese · Jyutping : zuk⁶
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *paːʔ, *paːs) : semantic 囗 + phonetic 甫 (OC *paʔ).
|urge on, incite
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pou² • Cantonese · Jyutping : bou² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phóo • Middle-Chinese : puX • Middle-Chinese : puH
|(literally and figuratively) garden • gardener • lush; luxuriant
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|嗾 • (ju) · 嗾 • (ju) (hangeul 주)
|圃 • (po) · 圃 • (po) (hangeul 포, revised po, McCune–Reischauer p'o)
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|
|Hán-Nôm : bo
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|
|嗾
|圃
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|-
|嘈
|圈
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsô
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰron, *ɡronʔ, *kʰon, *ɡlonʔ, *ɡlons) : semantic 囗 + phonetic 卷 (OC *ɡron, *kronʔ, *krons, *ɡonʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰron, *ɡronʔ, *kʰon, *ɡlonʔ, *ɡlons) : semantic 囗 + phonetic 卷 (OC *ɡron, *kronʔ, *krons, *ɡonʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰron, *ɡronʔ, *kʰon, *ɡlonʔ, *ɡlons) : semantic 囗 + phonetic 卷 (OC *ɡron, *kronʔ, *krons, *ɡonʔ).
|noisy • (Cantonese) to make noise; to annoy by making noise • (Cantonese) to quarrel; to argue • (Cantonese) to complain; to make a fuss
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gyun⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuān • Middle-Chinese : gjwonX • Middle-Chinese : gjwenX • Middle-Chinese : gjwonH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hyun¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄢㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khian ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gyun⁶
|pen; sty; fold • state; city • (neologism, Internet slang, derogatory by comparison to sense 1) Alternative form of 圈 (quān, “social circle; community”) • a surname: Juan ‖ to enclose; to encircle; to circle • to mark with a circle • to bend; to angle; to curve • circle; ring; loop • (Wu) earring • area; circle • social circle; connections; group • trap; trick; trickery • Classifier for laps of a race, loops, orbits, etc. ‖ to shut in a pen; to pen in • to lock up; to jail • to confine
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|to make noise; to buzz
|range • orbit • sphere
|嘈 (eumhun 들렐 조 (deullel jo))
|圈 (eumhun 우리 권 (uri gwon))
|to make noise • noisy • talking voice
|hanja form of 권 (“circle; sphere”) • hanja form of 권 (“area; region”) • hanja form of 권 (“pen (for animals)”)
|Hán-Nôm : khuyên • Hán-Nôm : khoen • Hán-Nôm : quyên • Hán-Nôm : quyền
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|嘈
|圈
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|國
|Characters in the same phonetic series (或) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷɯːɡ) : semantic 囗 (“closure”) + phonetic 或 (OC *ɡʷɯːɡ). \ The k-prefix derivation of 域 (OC *ɢʷrɯɡ, “boundary; territory”). Cognate with 閾 (OC *qʰʷrɯɡ, “threshold”) and 囿 (OC *ɢʷɯs, *ɡʷɯ, “park; garden”). \ No obvious outside cognate exists. It may be related to Burmese ကွက် (kwak, “to be marked with a square or circular pattern; to be confined to a certain area”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄛˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kok • Middle-Chinese : kwok
|country; nation; nation-state; kingdom • (obsolete) capital • (obsolete) to make a place the capital city; to establish a capital • (obsolete or in compounds) place; region • (in compounds) national; representing a nation • Short for 國語／国语 (guóyǔ, “Mandarin”). • Short for 國民黨／国民党 (Guómíndǎng, “Kuomintang”). • domestic; of our country (in many contexts meaning Chinese) • Classifier for countries (quasi-measure word). • a surname
| ‖ 國(くに) • (kuni)
|country, nation, nation-state ‖ a land, a country
|國 (eumhun 나라 국 (nara guk))
|hanja form of 국 (“country; state; nation”) [affix]
|canonical : 國: Hán Việt readings: quốc 國: Nôm readings: cuốc • canonical : quốc
|chữ Hán form of quốc (“nation; state; country”).
|國
|-
|-
|嘍
|圍
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄡˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄌㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : loo ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : lau³
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷɯl, *ɢʷɯls) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 囗 (“enclosure”) + phonetic 韋 (OC *ɢʷɯl, “to surround”).
|Only used in 嗹嘍／𪡏喽. ‖ Used in 嘍囉／喽啰 (lóuluó). • Used in 吐嘍／吐喽. ‖ used in onomatopoetic expressions ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 摟／搂 (lau3)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : û • Middle-Chinese : hjw+j • Middle-Chinese : hjw+jH
|to surround; to encircle; to corral • all sides • girth • (often in Guangdong and Hong Kong place names) walled village (Classifier: 條／条 c) • (Cantonese) Classifier for number of tables at a restaurant or a feast. (usually twelve people per table) • (Cantonese) to tally; to calculate (an amount) • (medicine) peri-
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|to surround, encircle
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|嘍 (eum 루 (ru))
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|Hán-Nôm : vi • Hán-Nôm : vè • Hán-Nôm : vây • Hán-Nôm : vầy • Hán-Nôm : ví
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|嘍
|圍
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|-
|嘔
|圓
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄡˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : au² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : áu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : óo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ió ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : au¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : au² ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : heoi¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄡ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢon) : semantic 囗 + phonetic 員 (OC *ɢon, *ɢun).
|to vomit ‖ Alternative form of 謳／讴 (ōu, “to sing”) • (onomatopoeia) Used to describe orchestral music, cooing, etc. ‖ to make someone angry • to become angry ‖ (literary) affable; kind • (literary) to exhale air to warm something up ‖ (obsolete) the sound of anger ‖ An informal greeting.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : înn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uân • Middle-Chinese : zjwen • Middle-Chinese : hjwen
|(mathematics) circle • circular; round • complete; thorough • tactful • to complete • (numismatics) yuan; dollar; yen; won • (dialectal Cantonese, Teochew, Singapore Hokkien) glutinous rice ball
| ‖  
| ‖  
|vomit ‖  
|round; circle • yen ‖  
|嘔 • (gu, hu) · 嘔 • (gu, hu) (hangeul 구, 후, revised gu, hu, McCune–Reischauer ku, hu)
|圓 (eumhun 둥글 원 (dunggeul won))
|hanja form of 원 (“circle”) • hanja form of 원 (“won”)
|Hán-Nôm : viên • Hán-Nôm : vin
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|圓
|-
|圖
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 囗 (“walled city”) + 啚. \ 啚 is the early form of 鄙 (OC *prɯʔ, “remote areas”), thus meaning “territory”.
|Cantonese · Jyutping : tou⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tôo • Middle-Chinese : du
|diagram; plot (Classifier: 張／张 m; 幅 m) • chart; map; picture; image (Classifier: 張／张 m c; 幅 m c) • intention; wish • to draw; to paint • to plan; to plot; to scheme • to try to gain; to seek
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|嘔
|drawing; picture; diagram; figure; illustration; chart; graph • sight; scene
|圖 (eumhun 그림 도 (geurim do))
|hanja form of 도 (“painting”) • hanja form of 도 (“stamp, seal”) • hanja form of 도 (“book”)
|Hán-Nôm : đồ
|to trace (a drawing or painting) • to duplicate (a drawing or painting)
|圖
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|-
|嘖
|團
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaak³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaak⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zik¹ ‖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *doːn) : semantic 囗 + phonetic 專 (OC *tjon).
|(literary) to argue • (onomatopoeia) sound of tongue clicking ‖ (onomatopoeia) sound of tongue clicking; tut; tsk
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄢˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄢˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thn̂g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuînn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thn̍gh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuânn • Middle-Chinese : dwan
|sphere; ball; circle • to roll (into a ball) • mass; lump • Classifier for round, lumpy, or amorphous objects. • group; collective; panel; team; organization • group; collective; panel; team; organization · tour group arranged by travel agency • (figurative, in compounds) tightly; completely; as an inseparable collective (suggestive of circles or tightly knit groups) • (military) regiment; corps • (military or paramilitary) formation; troops; armed organization • (Mainland China) Short for 共青團／共青团 (gòngqīngtuán, “Communist Youth League”). • (graph theory) clique
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|association
|團 (eumhun 둥글 단 (dunggeul dan))
|hanja form of 단 (“group”)
|Hán-Nôm : đoàn
|group • party • corps
|團
|-
|圾
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saap³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sap ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˊ
|Only used in 垃圾 (lājī, “garbage; rubbish”). ‖ clod
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|嘖 • (chaek) · 嘖 • (chaek) (hangeul 책, revised chaek, McCune–Reischauer ch'aek)
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|圾 (eumhun 위태할 급 (witaehal geup))
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|嘖
|canonical : 圾: Hán Việt readings: ngập 圾: Nôm readings: ngập
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|圾
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|嘟
|址
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dou¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dyut¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dou¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : too • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dut¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dyut¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dou¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : too • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tu
|Characters in the same phonetic series (止) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kjɯʔ) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 止 (OC *kjɯʔ).
|Only used in 嘟囔 (dūnang). ‖ (regional, colloquial) to pout; to pucker up ‖ (of a car) to honk; to beep • (Cantonese, onomatopeia) beep sound • (Cantonese, euphemistic) bleep (as a replacement of any profanity) • (Cantonese) to tap a card; to swipe a card • (Cantonese, computing) to scan
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsí • Middle-Chinese : tsyiX
|location; address; site • ground; foundation
| ‖ 址(し) • (shi)
| ‖ (architecture) base of a structure • remains, ruins
|址 (eum 지 (ji))
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|canonical : 址: Hán Việt readings: chỉ 址: Nôm readings: chỉ • canonical : xởi
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|嘟 • (do) · 嘟 • (do) (hangeul 도, revised do, McCune–Reischauer to)
|址
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|坎
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰoːmʔ, *kʰoːms) : semantic 土 (“earth; soil”) + phonetic 欠 (OC *kʰoms).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : ham² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ham¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ham³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khám • Middle-Chinese : khomX
|(literary) pit; hole • bank or ridge between fields • critical juncture (Classifier: 道 m) • 6th of the 8 trigrams (☵) • 29th hexagram of the I Ching (䷜) • Short for 坎德拉 (kǎndélā). • a surname
| ‖ 坎(かん) • (kan)
| ‖ pit; hole; pitfall • one of the eight trigrams: ☵
|坎 (eum 감 (gam))
|pit, hole • snare, trap • crisis
|canonical : 坎: Hán Việt readings: khảm 坎: Nôm readings: khóm • canonical : khúm • canonical : khăm • canonical : khảm • canonical : khẳm
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|坎
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|坏
|Simplified from 壞 (褱 → 不) ‖ For pronunciation and definitions of 坏 – see 坯 (“unburnt pottery and bricks; base; adobe; etc.”). \ (This character is a variant form of 坯).
| ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄟ
| ‖ unfired pottery and bricks; base • low hill • wall • to use earth to fill a crack
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|嘟
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|嘩
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jip⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hua • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huâ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waa⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : faa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jip⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hua ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : huā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huǎ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hua ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : waa³
|to make noise; to be noisy; to be uproarious ‖ (onomatopoeia) sound of flowing or gurgling water • (onomatopoeia) thump; clang; sound of crashing ‖ (Southern Min) to joke around; to laugh and play • (Southern Min) to make noise; to bustle ‖ (Cantonese) wow!; whoa! (used to express surprise or admiration)
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|noisy
|坏 (eum 배 (bae))
|嘩 • (hwa) · 嘩 • (hwa) (hangeul 화, revised hwa, McCune–Reischauer hwa)
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|canonical : 坏: Hán Việt readings: phôi 坏: Nôm readings: hoai • canonical : hoại • canonical : hoải • canonical : phôi
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|嘩
|坏
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|嘮
|坡
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --lo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄠ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰaːl) : semantic 土 (“dirt”) + phonetic 皮 (OC *bral).
|to nag; to talk on and on; to chatter ‖ (dialectal) to talk; to chat ‖ Only used in 嘮呶／唠呶 (“to be noisy”). ‖ Alternative form of 詨／𰵦 (xiào, “sound of interjection”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄛ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pho • Hokkien · Tai-lo : po • Hokkien · Tai-lo : poo • Middle-Chinese : pha
|slope; bank; hillside • to slant; to incline; to tilt • (Taiwan, Hong Kong) Short for 新加坡 (Xīnjiāpō, “Singapore”).
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|嘮 • (cho) · 嘮 • (cho) (hangeul 초, revised cho, McCune–Reischauer ch'o)
|坡 • (pa) · 坡 • (pa) (hangeul 파, revised pa, McCune–Reischauer p'a)
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|Hán-Nôm : pha • Hán-Nôm : bờ • Hán-Nôm : phơ • Hán-Nôm : da
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|嘮
|坡
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|嘯
|坦
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : siu³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siàu
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰaːnʔ) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 旦 (OC *taːns)
|to whistle • to howl; to roar; to scream; to cry
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taan² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thánn • Middle-Chinese : thanX
| ‖ 嘯(うそ) • (uso) ‖ 嘯(うそふき) • (usofuki) ‖ 嘯(うそぶき) • (usobuki)
|^⁜ flat; level; wide • ^⁜ calm; open-hearted; at ease • ^⁜ honest; frank • to reveal; to expose • a surname
|to whistle ‖ (archaic, possibly obsolete) a whistle (sound), a whistling sound ‖ the clownish “whistling” mask used in 狂言 (kyōgen, “a farce performed between noh plays”, literally “crazy talk”) ‖ whistling, making a whistling sound
|嘯 • (so) · 嘯 • (so) (hangeul 소, revised so, McCune–Reischauer so)
|roar, howl, scream • whistle
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|嘯
|flat; level; even
|坦 (eumhun 평평할 탄 (pyeongpyeonghal tan))
|hanja form of 탄 (“flat; level; even”)
|canonical : 坦: Hán Việt readings: thản • canonical : thán 坦: Nôm readings: đứt • canonical : đất • canonical : đắt • canonical : thản • canonical : đác • canonical : đởn • canonical : thán • canonical : đắn • canonical : đật • canonical : ngẩn • canonical : thưỡn ‖ romanization : thản ‖ romanization : đất ‖ romanization : đứt
| ‖ chữ Hán form of thản (“flat; level; wide”). • chữ Hán form of thản (“calm; pleasant”). ‖ Nôm form of đất (“earth; soil; dirt”). • Nôm form of đất (“land”). ‖ Nôm form of đứt (“to break off; to be cut off”).
|坦
|-
|-
|嘰
|坷
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ki
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰaːlʔ, *kʰaːls) : semantic 土 + phonetic 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰaːlʔ, *kʰaːls) : semantic 土 + phonetic 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ).
|to eat a little • to sigh • An onomatopoeia.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khónn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khó • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khia̍t • Middle-Chinese : khaX • Middle-Chinese : khaH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜ
|Only used in 坎坷 (kǎnkě). ‖ Used in 坷垃 (kēlā). • A placename in ancient China.
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|嘰 • (gi) · 嘰 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki)
|坷 • (ga) · 坷 • (ga) (hangeul 가, revised ga, McCune–Reischauer ka)
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|Hán-Nôm : kha • Hán-Nôm : khá • Hán-Nôm : khú
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|嘰
|坷
|-
|-
|嘱
|垃
| ‖ From 在 (MC dzojX) (Dai, 2004) (compare 哉 > 了) or 來 (MC loj). Cognate with 勒. ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laap⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : la̍p • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lap • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lah ‖  ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄚ
|Only used in 垃圾 (lājī). ‖ to be at; to be located at • at; in • be ...-ing; in the middle of doing something (indicating an action in progress) ‖ Only used in 坷垃 (kēlā).
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|entrust • request
|嘱 • (chok) · 嘱 • (chok) (hangeul 촉, revised chok, McCune–Reischauer ch'ok)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : lạp • Hán-Nôm : lắp • Hán-Nôm : lấp • Hán-Nôm : lớp • Hán-Nôm : rập • Hán-Nôm : lọp
|
|
|嘱
|垃
|-
|-
|噎
|垢
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jit³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : eh
|to choke • to breathe against the wind with difficulty • burp; belch • (dialectal) to render somebody speechless by saying something blunt or rule • (literary) to block; to obstruct
|
|
|choke • smother
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : káu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kió • Middle-Chinese : kuwX
|噎 • (yeol) · 噎 • (yeol) (hangeul 열, revised yeol, McCune–Reischauer yŏl)
|filth; dirt • filthy • (obsolete) dust • (literary) shame
| ‖ 垢(あか) • (aka) ‖ 垢(あか) • (aka) ‖ 垢(く) • (ku)
|grime ‖ scum • dirt ‖ (slang, computing) account ‖ klesha
|垢 • (gu) · 垢 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : cấu • Hán-Nôm : cáu
|
|
|噎
|垢
|-
|-
|噓
|垣
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : heoi¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : heoi¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hoe¹
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷan) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 亘 ().
|to slowly exhale • to sigh; to lament • to praise; to flatter • to heat by steam or fire ‖ (Mandarin, interjection) hush! shh! ‖ hooting; boo; disapproval sound • to boo
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huân • Middle-Chinese : hjwon
| ‖  
|wall • city • (astronomy) enclosure
|lie, falsehood ‖  
| ‖ 垣(かき) • (kaki)
|噓 • (heo) · 噓 • (heo) (hangeul 허, revised heo, McCune–Reischauer hŏ)
| ‖ fence
|
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : viên
|
|
|噓
|垣
|-
|-
|噗
|垮
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pok³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pho̍k
|
|(onomatopoeia) the sound of sudden laughter, outgassing, the release of liquid or gas generally, etc.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwaa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khua
|(of a structure) to collapse; to fall • to be utterly defeated; to be routed • (of one's body) to be worn out
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : khoai
|
|
|噗
|垮
|-
|-
|噙
|埃
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kam⁴
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qlɯː) : semantic 土 (“earth; soil”) + phonetic 矣 (OC *ɢlɯʔ). ‖  ‖ Short for 埃斯特朗 or 埃格斯特朗 (āigésītèlǎng). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ai • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia • Middle-Chinese : 'oj ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ai ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ai ‖
|fine dust, dirt • one ten-billionth, the number 10⁻¹⁰ ‖ Used in transcription. • Short for 埃及 (Āijí, “Egypt”). ‖ angstrom ‖ (Shanghainese) that
| ‖ 埃(あい) • (ai) ‖ 埃(ほこり) • (hokori)
| ‖ one ten-billionth ‖ dust
|埃 (eumhun 티끌 애 (tikkeul ae))
|fine dust, dirt
|canonical : 埃: Hán Việt readings: ai 埃: Nôm readings: ai
|
|
|埃
|-
|埠
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *baːs) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 阜 (OC *buʔ). \ A late formation (後起字). Earlier forms of southern Chinese toponyms using the character were often written with the homophone 步 (MC buH) in historical records dated from the Northern Wei to Ming dynasties, which has been conjectured to be a transcription of an earlier Kra-Dai word (Kang, 2010). Cf. 墟 (xū, “market”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄨˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : poo
|pier; wharf; dock • port city • commercial or trading port • city; town
|
|
|
|
|埠 • (bu) · 埠 • (bu) (hangeul 부, revised bu, McCune–Reischauer pu)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : phụ
|
|
|
|埠
|噙
|-
|-
|噢
|堡
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu² ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : o¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ou³ ‖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *puːʔ) : phonetic 保 (OC *puːʔ) + semantic 土. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *puːʔ) : phonetic 保 (OC *puːʔ) + semantic 土. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *puːʔ) : phonetic 保 (OC *puːʔ) + semantic 土.
|"Only used in 噢咻. ‖ Only used in 噢咿. ‖ interjection for pain, sadness; realization: ""Oh!"" ‖ Sentence-final particle used to indicate a monishing tone. • Sentence-final particle used to indicate an informative tone."
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bou² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pó • Middle-Chinese : pawX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄨˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bou² ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pou³
|small camp; small mud fortification • fort; fortress • Short for 漢堡／汉堡 (hànbǎo, “hamburger”). ‖ (often in placenames) town or village with walls ‖ Used in place names, as a variant of 鋪／铺／舖 (pù, “courier station”).
|
|
|
|
|噢 • (uk, u) · 噢 • (uk, u) (hangeul 욱, 우)
|堡 • (bo) · 堡 • (bo) (hangeul 보, revised bo, McCune–Reischauer po)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : bảo
|
|
|噢
|堡
|-
|-
|噤
|堰
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gam³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kam¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hīm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hām • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kìm
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qrens, *qanʔ, *qans) : semantic 土 (“earth, ground”) + phonetic 匽 (OC *qanʔ).
|to close one's mouth and be silent; to be unable to speak • to shiver, to tremble
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iàn • Middle-Chinese : 'jonX • Middle-Chinese : 'jonH • Middle-Chinese : 'jienH
|weir • dam • embankment; dike; bank
| ‖ 堰(せき) • (seki) ‖ 堰(い) • (i) ^(←ゐ (wi)?)
|dam • prevent • stop up ‖ weir, dam ‖ a dike or levee for containing water
|堰 • (eon) · 堰 • (eon) (hangeul 언, revised eon, McCune–Reischauer ŏn)
|
|
|shut up
|Hán-Nôm : yển
|噤 • (geum) · 噤 • (geum) (hangeul 금, revised geum, McCune–Reischauer kŭm)
|close • be silent, be unable speak
|
|
|噤
|堰
|-
|-
|噥
|堵
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nung⁴
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjaːʔ, *taːʔ) : semantic 土 + phonetic 者 (OC *tjaːʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjaːʔ, *taːʔ) : semantic 土 + phonetic 者 (OC *tjaːʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tóo • Middle-Chinese : tuX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄜˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ze² • Middle-Chinese : tsyaeX
|(obsolete) a unit of measure of the length and height of a wall • (literary) wall • to block up; to stop up • (Teochew) to encounter • stifled; suffocated • (obsolete) An ancient unit of measure, denoting sixteen bells or chimes hanging on a bell pendant stand. • Classifier for walls. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier • a surname ‖ (～河) Zhe or Du River (river in Hubei Province, China)
|
|
|
|
|堵 • (do) · 堵 • (do) (hangeul 도, revised do, McCune–Reischauer to)
|
|
|噥 (eum 농 (nong))
|Hán-Nôm : đổ
|
|
|
|堵
|噥
|-
|噫
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aai³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ
|(Classical) alas; sigh (expressing regret or grief) • huh; wow; eh (expressing surprise or wonder) ‖ to belch; to burp • (obsolete) to exhale; to blow ‖ Alternative form of 抑 (yì, “but; however”)
| ‖
|exclamation • burp, belch ‖
|噫 (eumhun 한숨 쉴 희 (hansum swil hui)) ‖ 噫 (eumhun 트림할 애 (teurimhal ae))
|Hanja form of 희 (“to sigh; to groan”). • (literary) Hanja form of 희 (“alas (expressing regret or surprise)”). ‖ Hanja form of 애 (“to belch; to burp”).
|
|噫
|-
|-
|噬
|塌
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sai⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sī
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰaːb) : semantic 土 (“dirt”) + phonetic 𦐇 ()
|to bite; to gnaw
|Cantonese · Jyutping : taap³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄚ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thap • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lap
|to collapse; to fall down; to cave in • to sink; to droop • to calm down; to settle down • (dialectal) to slump; to sink (of morale, etc.) • (Hokkien) to fill up; to fill in; to stuff (a gap, blank, vacancy, etc.) • (Hokkien) to stack or press close together crisscrossed • (Taiwanese Hokkien) to lose money • (Hokkien) to become sunken; to hollow; to form a depression
|
|
|
|
|噬 • (seo) · 噬 • (seo) (hangeul 서, revised seo, McCune–Reischauer sŏ)
|塌 • (tap) · 塌 • (tap) (hangeul 탑, revised tap, McCune–Reischauer t'ap)
|grind • collapse; break • drop; hang down • first ploughing of the rice field
|Hán-Nôm : tháp • Hán-Nôm : thớp • Hán-Nôm : thóp • Hán-Nôm : thấp • Hán-Nôm : thạp • Hán-Nôm : thọp • Hán-Nôm : thợp
|
|
|
|塌
|噬
|-
|-
|噯
|塘
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : oi² ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˋ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'aːŋ) : semantic 土 (“dirt”) + phonetic 唐 (OC *ɡl'aːŋ).
|An interjection expressing disagreement or negation. • Synonym of 噯氣／嗳气 (ǎiqì, “to belch; to burp”) ‖ An interjection expressing annoyance or regret.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tn̂g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tônn • Middle-Chinese : dang
|pond (Classifier: 個／个; 眼 c) • dike; embankment • bathing pool • pit-shaped thing • (Hong Kong Cantonese, swimming) lap; length (distance equal to the length of a swimming pool) (Classifier: 個／个 c) • (Cantonese, Liuzhou Mandarin, Nanning Pinghua) unit of distance equivalent to 10 li
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|
|
|
|噯 • (ae) · 噯 • (ae) (hangeul 애, revised ae, McCune–Reischauer ae)
|塘 • (dang) · 塘 • (dang) (hangeul 당, revised dang, McCune–Reischauer tang)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : đường • Hán-Nôm : đàng
|road
|塘
|-
|塚
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *toŋʔ) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 冢 (OC *toŋʔ) – an earthen mound, a tomb of earth.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cung² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thióng • Middle-Chinese : trjowngX
|tomb; burial mound
| ‖ 塚(つか) • (tsuka)
|mound, hillock, tumulus (implies a manmade origin) ‖ a mound or hillock, generally manmade • a grave, a tumulus or burial mound
|塚 • (chong) · 塚 • (chong) (hangeul 총, revised chong, McCune–Reischauer ch'ong)
|cemetery • tomb, burial mound
|Hán-Nôm : trủng
|
|
|噯
|塚
|-
|-
|噱
|塾
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : koek⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kek⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coek³
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djɯwɢ) : phonetic 孰 (OC *djɯwɢ) + semantic 土 (“soil”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : suk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sio̍k • Middle-Chinese : dzyuwk
|old-style private school
| ‖ 塾(じゅく) • (juku)
|cram school ‖ a cram school
|塾 (eumhun 글방 숙 (geulbang suk))
|hanja form of 숙 (“private school”)
|Hán-Nôm : thục
|
|
|塾
|-
|墅
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɦljaːʔ) : phonetic 野 (OC *laːʔ, *ɦljaʔ) + semantic 土. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɦljaːʔ) : phonetic 野 (OC *laːʔ, *ɦljaʔ) + semantic 土.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sú • Middle-Chinese : dzyoX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝˇ
|villa; country house • ^† village ‖ ^† Alternative form of 野 (“countryside”)
|
|
|
|
|噱 • (gyak) · 噱 • (gyak) (hangeul 갹, revised gyak, McCune–Reischauer kyak)
|墅 • (seo) · 墅 • (seo) (hangeul 서, revised seo, McCune–Reischauer sŏ)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : thự
|
|
|噱
|墅
|-
|-
|噸
|墜
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄣ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : deon¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tun • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tùn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tòng
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'uds) : phonetic 隊 (OC *l'uːds) + semantic 土.
|Classifier for metric ton. • Classifier for ton; tonne. • Classifier for registered ton.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuī • Middle-Chinese : drwijH
| ‖ 噸(とん) or 噸(トン) • (ton)
|to fall down; to drop; to sink; to go to ruin • to hang down; to weigh down; to fall due to a heavy weight • hanging object
| ‖ トン: ton
|噸 • (ton) · 噸 • (ton) (hangeul 톤, McCune–Reischauer t'on)
|
|
|
|
|噸
|墜 (eumhun 떨어질 추 (tteoreojil chu))
|hanja form of 추 (“fall”)
|Hán-Nôm : trụy • Hán-Nôm : truỵ • Hán-Nôm : đụi
|
|墜
|-
|-
|噹
|墟
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tang
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰa) : semantic 土 (“dirt”) + phonetic 虛 (OC *kʰa, *qʰa). \ ;"ruin" \ ;"market"
|the sound of bells
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hir • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hu • Middle-Chinese : khjo
|ruin • (literary) village • fair; market
|
|
|ruins
|墟 • (heo) · 墟 • (heo) (hangeul 허, revised heo, McCune–Reischauer hŏ)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : hư • Hán-Nôm : khư
|
|墟
|-
|墮
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰoːlʔ, *l'oːlʔ, *hlol) : phonetic 隋 (OC *l̥ʰoːlʔ, *l'oːlʔ, *ljol) + semantic 土.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : do⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : doe⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tō • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tōo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuī • Middle-Chinese : dwaX • Middle-Chinese : thwaX
|to fall; to sink • to degenerate • (Cantonese) droopy; saggy • Alternative form of 惰 (duò)
|
|
|
|
|墮 (eumhun 떨어질 타 (tteoreojil ta))
|hanja form of 타 (“to fall; to degenerate”)
|Hán-Nôm : đọa • Hán-Nôm : đoạ • Hán-Nôm : đụi • Hán-Nôm : dọa • Hán-Nôm : doạ • Hán-Nôm : dụa
|
|
|噹
|墮
|-
|-
|嚀
|墾
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ning⁴ ‖
|to enjoin ‖ (Taishanese) that • (Taishanese) there
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : han² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khún • Middle-Chinese : khonX
|to cultivate; to reclaim wasteland • to till; to plow
|
|
|嚀 • (nyeong) · 嚀 • (nyeong) (hangeul 녕, revised nyeong, McCune–Reischauer nyŏng)
|to till, to plough • to cultivate; to reclaim wasteland
|墾 • (gan) · 墾 • (gan) (hangeul 간, revised gan, McCune–Reischauer kan)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : khẩn
|
|
|嚀
|墾
|-
|-
|嚅
|壓
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qreːb) : phonetic 厭 (OC *qemʔ, *qems, *qeb) + semantic 土 (“dust”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qreːb) : phonetic 厭 (OC *qemʔ, *qems, *qeb) + semantic 土 (“dust”).
|Used in compounds.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aat³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ap • Middle-Chinese : 'aep ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : a̍h
|to press; to push down • to keep under control; to control • to suppress; to bring pressure on; to intimidate • to approach; to draw near; to close in on • to surpass; to prevail over • to shelve; to lay aside • to risk; to stake • (physics) pressure • Used in 壓根兒／压根儿 (yàgēnr, “in the first place”). • (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to press and draw (a line) • (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to scrape or pare off horizontally ‖ (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to separate; to set apart • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to gather together; to collect
|
|
|pressure
|壓 (eumhun 누를 압 (nureul ap))
|hanja form of 압 (“pressure”)
|Hán-Nôm : áp • Hán-Nôm : ếm
|
|
|嚅 (eum 유 (yu))
|壓
|-
|壞
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡruːls) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 褱 (OC *ɡruːl, *ɡruːl). \ Compare Tibetan འདྲུལ ('drul, “to become putrid/rotten”), Tibetan བྲུལ (brul, “crumbles”) (Hill, 2019). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄞˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huāi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huǎi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hāi • Middle-Chinese : kweajH • Middle-Chinese : hweajH ‖
|bad • rotten; spoiled • to spoil; to ruin • to break; to stop working • (Classical) to collapse • (Classical) to demolish; to destroy • bad idea; dirty trick • extremely; very; highly ‖ (Cantonese) naughty; mischievous; rebellious; disobedient
|
|
|Kyūjitai form of 壊: break
|壞 (eumhun 무너질 괴 (muneojil goe))
|hanja form of 괴 (“to break; to collapse”)
|Hán-Nôm : hoại • Hán-Nôm : hoải • Hán-Nôm : hoai
|
|
|嚅
|壞
|-
|-
|嚏
|壯
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tai³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dai³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tè
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsraŋs) : phonetic 爿 (OC *braːn, *zaŋ) + semantic 士. ‖ First written as 獞 (composed of 犭 (quǎn), the “beast” radical, and 童 (tóng), “servant”). Following the foundation of the People’s Republic of China, it was written as 僮 (with 亻 (rén), the “person” radical). Due to the derogatory connotations of the previous characters, it was officially amended to 壯／壮 (zhuàng, “strong; robust”) in 1965. ‖
|to sneeze
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄤˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zong³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsàng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsòng • Middle-Chinese : tsrjangH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zong³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zong⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zong¹
|strong; robust • to strengthen • (dialectal, chiefly Hakka or Wu, of a person or an animal) fat • (traditional Chinese medicine) one burn of moxa in moxibustion ‖ (～族) Zhuang, an ethnic group living primarily in Guangxi, China ‖ Alternative form of 莊／庄 (zhuāng, “serious; solemn”) • a surname
|
|
|sneeze
|Big, robust
|嚏 • (che) · 嚏 • (che) (hangeul 체, revised che, McCune–Reischauer ch'e)
|壯 (eum 장 (jang))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tráng • Hán-Nôm : trắng
|
|
|嚏
|壯
|-
|-
|嚕
|壹
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou¹ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : lu³
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qlid) : semantic 壺 + phonetic 吉 (OC *klid). (Shuowen)
|Used in compounds. ‖ (Cantonese) Used at the end of a sentence to indicate relief due to change of state. • (Cantonese) Used at the end of a sentence to indicate disappointment due to change of state.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jat¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsi̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : it • Middle-Chinese : 'jit
|(Classical) faithful; committed • (financial) one, variant of 一
|
|
|Kyūjitai form of 壱 (number one)
|壹 (eumhun 한 일 (han il))
|one
|Hán-Nôm : nhất • Hán-Nôm : nhứt
|one
|壹
|-
|壽
|These forms are seen in bronze inscriptions: \ # Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djuʔ, *djus) : semantic 耂 (“old”) + phonetic 𢏚 (OC *du). \ # Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djuʔ, *djus) : semantic 耂 (“old”) + phonetic 𠷎 () (𦓃). \ # Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djuʔ, *djus) : semantic 耂 (“old”) + phonetic 𠼡 (). \ The current traditional glyph is from the composition #3, with 又 (yòu) becoming 寸 (cùn) (耂 + 𠾉). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siū • Middle-Chinese : dzyuwX • Middle-Chinese : dzyuwH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : siū
|old age; long life • life; age • birthday • (euphemistic) funerary (especially prepared before one's death) • (Wu, Cantonese) foolish; stupid; cloddish • a surname ‖ (Hokkien, Teochew) Alternative form of 岫 (“nest, den or lair of animals”)
|
|
|嚕 • (ro) · 嚕 • (ro) (hangeul 로, revised ro, McCune–Reischauer ro)
|longevity, long life • congratulations
|壽 (eum 수 (su))
|long life
|
|
|
|
|嚕
|壽
|-
|-
|嚥
|夭
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin³
|Ideogram (指事) – a figure leaning forward, presumably running, hence energetic, young. \ Coblin (1986) (apud Schuessler , 2007) considers it cognate to Tibetan ཡོ་བ (yo ba, “oblique, aslant”), གཡོ་བ (g.yo ba, “tilt”), གཡོས (g.yos); if so, probably of Sino-Tibetan origin. However, the medials do not agree, as the expected Middle Chinese reflex should be in division IV, not III-B (Schuessler, 2007). Compare also Mizo eu (“to bend backwards”) (ibid.). \ Possibly related to 委 (OC *qrolʔ, “to bend”) (e.g. in Chuci https://ctext.org/chu-ci/yuan-you1?searchu=%E5%A7%94&searchmode=showall#result) (ibid.). ‖ Ideogram (指事) – a figure leaning forward, presumably running, hence energetic, young. \ Coblin (1986) (apud Schuessler , 2007) considers it cognate to Tibetan ཡོ་བ (yo ba, “oblique, aslant”), གཡོ་བ (g.yo ba, “tilt”), གཡོས (g.yos); if so, probably of Sino-Tibetan origin. However, the medials do not agree, as the expected Middle Chinese reflex should be in division IV, not III-B (Schuessler, 2007). Compare also Mizo eu (“to bend backwards”) (ibid.). \ Possibly related to 委 (OC *qrolʔ, “to bend”) (e.g. in Chuci https://ctext.org/chu-ci/yuan-you1?searchu=%E5%A7%94&searchmode=showall#result) (ibid.). ‖ Ideogram (指事) – a figure leaning forward, presumably running, hence energetic, young. \ Coblin (1986) (apud Schuessler , 2007) considers it cognate to Tibetan ཡོ་བ (yo ba, “oblique, aslant”), གཡོ་བ (g.yo ba, “tilt”), གཡོས (g.yos); if so, probably of Sino-Tibetan origin. However, the medials do not agree, as the expected Middle Chinese reflex should be in division IV, not III-B (Schuessler, 2007). Compare also Mizo eu (“to bend backwards”) (ibid.). \ Possibly related to 委 (OC *qrolʔ, “to bend”) (e.g. in Chuci https://ctext.org/chu-ci/yuan-you1?searchu=%E5%A7%94&searchmode=showall#result) (ibid.). ‖ Ideogram (指事) – a figure leaning forward, presumably running, hence energetic, young. \ Coblin (1986) (apud Schuessler , 2007) considers it cognate to Tibetan ཡོ་བ (yo ba, “oblique, aslant”), གཡོ་བ (g.yo ba, “tilt”), གཡོས (g.yos); if so, probably of Sino-Tibetan origin. However, the medials do not agree, as the expected Middle Chinese reflex should be in division IV, not III-B (Schuessler, 2007). Compare also Mizo eu (“to bend backwards”) (ibid.). \ Possibly related to 委 (OC *qrolʔ, “to bend”) (e.g. in Chuci https://ctext.org/chu-ci/yuan-you1?searchu=%E5%A7%94&searchmode=showall#result) (ibid.). ‖ Ideogram (指事) – a figure leaning forward, presumably running, hence energetic, young. \ Coblin (1986) (apud Schuessler , 2007) considers it cognate to Tibetan ཡོ་བ (yo ba, “oblique, aslant”), གཡོ་བ (g.yo ba, “tilt”), གཡོས (g.yos); if so, probably of Sino-Tibetan origin. However, the medials do not agree, as the expected Middle Chinese reflex should be in division IV, not III-B (Schuessler, 2007). Compare also Mizo eu (“to bend backwards”) (ibid.). \ Possibly related to 委 (OC *qrolʔ, “to bend”) (e.g. in Chuci https://ctext.org/chu-ci/yuan-you1?searchu=%E5%A7%94&searchmode=showall#result) (ibid.).
|to swallow
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iáu • Middle-Chinese : 'jewX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iáu • Middle-Chinese : 'jew ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˇ • Middle-Chinese : 'awX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄛˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄞ
|to die young, to die prematurely • to be aggrieved • to devastate • disaster ‖ young, fresh-looking • tender, gentle • lush • Alternative form of 妖 (yāo) ‖ young animal or plant ‖ name of an ancient place ‖ Only used in 夭斜.
|
|
|swallow, gulp
|young • disaster
|嚥 • (yeon) · 嚥 • (yeon) (hangeul 연, revised yeon, McCune–Reischauer yŏn)
|夭 • (yo, o) · 夭 • (yo, o) (hangeul 요, 오, revised yo, o, McCune–Reischauer yo, o, Yale yo, o)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : yểu • Hán-Nôm : eo • Hán-Nôm : ỉu • Hán-Nôm : yếu • Hán-Nôm : èo • Hán-Nôm : yêu
|
|
|嚥
|夭
|-
|-
|嚨
|夸
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lông
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰʷraː) : semantic 大 (“man”) + phonetic 于 (OC *ɢʷa) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰʷraː) : semantic 大 (“man”) + phonetic 于 (OC *ɢʷa) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰʷraː) : semantic 大 (“man”) + phonetic 于 (OC *ɢʷa) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰʷraː) : semantic 大 (“man”) + phonetic 于 (OC *ɢʷa)
|Used in compounds.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwaa¹ • Middle-Chinese : khwae ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄚ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄚˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄚˇ
|extravagant; luxurious; handsome ‖ ^† beautiful ‖ ^† Alternative form of 跨 (kuà, “to cross over”) ‖ ^† Only used in 夸𡗸.
|
|boast
|夸 (eum 과 (gwa))
|
|
|throat
|Hán-Nôm : khoa
|嚨 • (rong) · 嚨 • (rong) (hangeul 롱, revised rong, McCune–Reischauer rong)
|throat
|
|
|嚨
|夸
|-
|-
|嚮
|套
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hoeng³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hoeng²
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 大 (“large”) + 長 (“long”) – long. It is later borrowed for the “cover” sense and has now lost its original meaning. \ Cognate with 韜 (OC *l̥ʰuː); probably cognate with 㧺 and 錔 (OC *tʰuːb). ‖  ‖
|to turn toward; to approach • toward; facing; against • direction, side, face • to look out on • in the past; previously ‖ (obsolete) Alternative form of 享 • (obsolete) Alternative form of 響／响
|Cantonese · Jyutping : tou³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄠˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄠˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thò ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄠˇ • Middle-Chinese : thawX ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : su
|to cover with; to encase; to put on (a sweater, etc.) • case; cover; sheath; wrapper; envelope (Classifier: 個／个 m c) • (colloquial) condom (Classifier: 個／个 m c) • to overlap; to interconnect • set; suit • knot • to harness • harness • trick; trap • (Hong Kong) Short for 套房 (“en suite bedroom”). • Classifier for a set of objects (books, furniture, rooms, etc). ⇒ all nouns using this classifier ‖ long ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 軀／躯 (su, “Classifier for sets of clothing”)
|
|
|guide, lead • favor, prefer
|嚮 • (hyang) · 嚮 • (hyang) (hangeul 향, revised hyang, McCune–Reischauer hyang)
|
|
|套 (eumhun 씌울 투 (ssuiul tu))
|hanja form of 투 (“cover”)
|Hán-Nôm : sáo • Hán-Nôm : thạo
|
|
|嚮
|套
|-
|-
|嚶
|奚
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jing¹
|Cognate with 何 (OC *ɡaːl, “what; where; why; how”). See there for more.
|(onomatopoeia) the call of a bird
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hê • Middle-Chinese : hej
|where? what? how? why? • servant • the Xi (Kumo Xi) people
|
|
|chirping • birds singing together
|servant • what • why
|嚶 • (aeng) · 嚶 • (aeng) (hangeul 앵, revised aeng, McCune–Reischauer aeng)
|奚 • (hae) · 奚 • (hae) (hangeul 해, revised hae, McCune–Reischauer hae)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : hề
|
|
|嚶
|奚
|-
|-
|囀
|奠
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyun² • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyun³
|Oracle bone script: Pictogram (象形) – an alcohol vessel (酉) placed on a mat (一). \ In the bronze inscriptions, two strokes (八) were sometimes added above the alcohol vessel, representing overflowing alcohol; this is inherited in the small seal script as 酋. In some bronze inscriptions, two horizontal strokes were sometimes also added below the line representing a mat; the strokes sometimes were changed to something like 八. These two strokes then fused with the mat to give 丌 (a table with two legs) in the small seal script. 丌 later evolved into 大 by process of libian (隸變). ‖ Oracle bone script: Pictogram (象形) – an alcohol vessel (酉) placed on a mat (一). \ In the bronze inscriptions, two strokes (八) were sometimes added above the alcohol vessel, representing overflowing alcohol; this is inherited in the small seal script as 酋. In some bronze inscriptions, two horizontal strokes were sometimes also added below the line representing a mat; the strokes sometimes were changed to something like 八. These two strokes then fused with the mat to give 丌 (a table with two legs) in the small seal script. 丌 later evolved into 大 by process of libian (隸變).
|(of birds) to sing, to chirp, to warble, to twitter
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : din⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiān • Middle-Chinese : denH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄥˋ • Middle-Chinese : tengH
|to set; to lay; to place down (typically in ceremonial contexts) • to make offerings to the dead; to libate • to establish ‖ Alternative form of 飣／饤 (dìng) • fake
|
|
|to make offerings • to establish
|奠 (eumhun 정(定)할 전 (jeonghal jeon)) · 奠 (eumhun 제사(祭祀) 전 (jesa jeon)) ‖ 奠 (eumhun 멈출 정 (meomchul jeong))
| ‖
|Hán-Nôm : điện
|
|
|囀 • (jeon) · 囀 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn)
|奠
|-
|奢
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄜ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ce¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : se¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshia • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sia • Middle-Chinese : syae ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄚˊ
|extravagant; lavish; wasteful • excessive • (Wuhan Mandarin) to smile; to laugh ‖ a surname
|
|
|
|
|囀
|奢 • (sa) · 奢 • (sa) (hangeul 사, revised sa, McCune–Reischauer sa)
|
|Hán-Nôm : xa
|chữ Hán form of xa (“extravagant, wasteful”).
|奢
|-
|-
|囁
|奶
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄝˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zip³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jip⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liap
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rneːlʔ) : semantic 女 + phonetic 乃 (OC *nɯːʔ). \ Unknown. \ Similar words in the area include Proto-Hmong-Mien *niaʔ²ᴰ (“mother”), Tibetan ཨ་ནེ (a ne), ནེ་ནེ (ne ne, “paternal aunt”), Khmer ញី (ñii, “female”). It may be comparable with Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-nja-n (“breast; milk; suck”), whence Nuosu ꑍ (nyip, “liquid milk”), ꀉꆂ (ax nie, “breast; milk”). \ It is unknown how the Min forms relate to forms in other dialects. See this article for a discussion of the Min Nan etymon. For similar nasalisations in Min, compare 耳 (ěr). \ Colloquial words in different Min dialects show considerable variation – most have an n- initial, but finals and tones differ greatly. Some propose that this is substrate influence, passed on from the maternal Baiyue lineages since the intermarriages between southward-migrating Han Chinese and native non-Han women. Other southern dialects also show remnants of this native word: Hakka [Meixian] nɛn⁵, Cantonese [Guangzhou] nin¹ (𢆡). Compare Thai นม (nom, “breast; breastmilk”), Zhuang noemz (“breast; breastmilk”). \ The long-recognised Sino-Tibetan etymon in Chinese is 乳 (OC *njoʔ); see there for more. ‖
|soft unclear voice • move the mouth as in speaking; to chatter • hesitation • (Hokkien) to talk bad behind one's back; to chatter; to have words; to speak recklessly; to fabricate slander
|Cantonese · Jyutping : naai⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naai⁵⁻¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄞˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ni • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lin • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ling • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nee • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ne • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nái • Middle-Chinese : nejX • Middle-Chinese : nreaX ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : nái • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nai
|breast • milk; breast milk • to nurse • to breastfeed; to suckle • (in compounds) infant; infantile; milk (teeth, name, etc.) • (regional) mother • (regional) grandmother ‖ (Hokkien) to behave in a coy, childish or coquettish manner; to coax; to wheedle
|
|
|To murmur or mumble, To whisper
|囁 (eum 섭 (seop)) · 囁 (eum 엽 (yeop))
|
|
|奶 (eumhun 젖 내 (jeot nae))
|
|
|囁
|Hán-Nôm : nãi • Hán-Nôm : nái
|
|奶
|-
|-
|囂
|奸
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hiu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hau ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˊ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːn) : semantic 女 + phonetic 干 (OC *kaːn). \ * Mandarin \ *:(Pinyin): jiān (jian¹) \ *:(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢ \ *:: \ * Cantonese (Jyutping): gaan¹ \ * Eastern Min (BUC): găng \ * Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kan \ * Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹ke; ¹ci \ * Mandarin \ ** (Standard Chinese)⁺ \ *** Hanyu Pinyin: jiān \ *** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢ \ *** Tongyong Pinyin: jian \ *** Wade–Giles: chien¹ \ *** Yale: jyān \ *** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jian \ *** Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ) \ *** Sinological IPA ⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/ \ * Cantonese \ ** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong) \ *** Jyutping: gaan¹ \ *** Yale: gāan \ *** Cantonese Pinyin: gaan¹ \ *** Guangdong Romanization: gan¹ \ *** Sinological IPA ⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: /kaːn⁵⁵/ \ * Eastern Min \ ** (Fuzhou) \ *** Bàng-uâ-cê: găng \ *** Sinological IPA ⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: /kaŋ⁵⁵/ \ * Southern Min \ ** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou) \ *** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kan \ *** Tâi-lô: kan \ *** Phofsit Daibuun: kafn \ *** IPA (Quanzhou): /kan³³/ \ *** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kan⁴⁴/ \ * Wu \ ** (Northern: Shanghai) \ *** Wugniu: ¹ke; ¹ci \ *** MiniDict: ke^平; ci^平 \ *** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹ke; ¹ji \ *** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ke⁵³/, /t͡ɕi⁵³/ \ Note: \ *1ke - vernacular; \ *1ji - literary. ‖ * Mandarin \ *:(Pinyin): gān (gan¹) \ *:(Zhuyin): ㄍㄢ \ * Cantonese (Jyutping): gon¹ \ * Mandarin \ ** (Standard Chinese)⁺ \ *** Hanyu Pinyin: gān \ *** Zhuyin: ㄍㄢ \ *** Tongyong Pinyin: gan \ *** Wade–Giles: kan¹ \ *** Yale: gān \ *** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gan \ *** Palladius: гань (ganʹ) \ *** Sinological IPA ⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: /kän⁵⁵/ \ * Cantonese \ ** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong) \ *** Jyutping: gon¹ \ *** Yale: gōn \ *** Cantonese Pinyin: gon¹ \ *** Guangdong Romanization: gon¹ \ *** Sinological IPA ⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: /kɔːn⁵⁵/ \ ---- \ * Middle Chinese: kan \ * Old Chinese \ *: (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤa[r]/ \ *: (Zhengzhang): /*kaːn/
|to be loud; to be noisy; to clamor • arrogant ‖ (literary) Alternative form of 隞 (Áo, “Ao (capital of the Shang Dynasty)”)
| ‖
| ‖ (archaic) to offend; to mistreat; to encroach on; alternative form of 干
| ‖ 奸(かん) • (kan) -na (adnominal 奸(かん)な (kan na), adverbial 奸(かん)に (kan ni)) ‖ 奸(かん) • (kan)
| ‖ wicked ‖ evil, wickedness • wicked person
|奸 (eumhun 간사할 간 (gansahal gan)) · 奸 (eumhun 범할 간 (beomhal gan))
|hanja form of 간 (“evil, wicked”)
|
|
|Noisy, talking loudly without thinking about people around you.
|囂 • (hyo) · 囂 • (hyo) (hangeul 효, revised hyo, McCune–Reischauer hyo, Yale hyo)
|clamorous, noisy
|
|
|囂
|奸
|-
|-
|囈
|她
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngai⁶
|
|to talk in one's sleep; to sleeptalk
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thann • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tha • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tho
|she, her
|
|
|
|
|
|囈 (eum 예 (ye))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tha
|
|
|囈
|她
|-
|-
|囉
|妊
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄌㄨㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lo⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lo¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lo³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lō ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : lo¹ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : lo¹ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : lo¹ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : --loo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --looh
|Cognate with 任 (OC *njɯm, *njɯms, “to be burdened; to be loaded”). See there for more.
|annoying; noisy • to nag; to argue; to prattle; to chatter • Used in medieval Buddhist texts to transcribe the Sanskrit syllable ra. ‖ Normally used with 咪 (mai⁶); indicates that a suggestion or conclusion should be obvious. • Normally used with 咪 (mai⁶); connects a condition to a result or suggestion. • Statement-final particle used to express impatience or vexation. • Statement-final particle used to invite agreement or sympathy. ‖ (Cantonese) buttocks (Classifier: 個／个 c) ‖ (Cantonese) gross (twelve dozen, 144) ‖ (Hokkien) already; now (final perfective particle expressing completion)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jam⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jam⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jīm • Middle-Chinese : nyimH
|pregnant
|
|
|pregnancy
|妊 (eumhun 아이 밸 임 (ai bael im))
|hanja form of 임 (“pregnancy”)
|Hán-Nôm : nhâm
|
|
|囉 • (ra) · 囉 • (ra) (hangeul 라, revised ra, McCune–Reischauer ra)
|妊
|-
|妒
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tqaːs) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 戶 (OC *ɡʷaːʔ). \ 《說文解字注》 considered it a corrupted form of 妬: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tqaːs) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 妬 (OC *taːɡs).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dou³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tòo • Middle-Chinese : tuH
|(of a woman) to be jealous of her husband or another woman • (by extension) to be jealous or envious of; to envy
|
|
|Alternative form of 妬
|妒 (eumhun 샘낼 투 (saemnael tu))
|Alternative form of 妬 (“hanja form of 투 (“to envy”)”)
|Hán-Nôm : đố • Hán-Nôm : đú
|
|
|囉
|妒
|-
|-
|囌
|妓
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sou¹
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kre, *ɡreʔ) : semantic 女 + phonetic 支 (OC *kje). \ Attested earliest in Shuowen Jiezi and Wèi-Jìn period's literature (possible pronunciations *kɨe or *gɨeX); a hypohetical OC form would be *kre (Schuessler, 2007). \ Apparently loaned from Vietic (ancient 越 (yuè) in southern China). Compare Proto-Vietic *-keːʔ (“woman, female”) (whence Vietnamese cái (“female”) & gái (“girl, female”)), elsewhere in Mon-Khmer, Proto-Waic *krih girl", Proto-North-Bahnaric *kdri: "female". Alternatively, Wang (1982) relates this to 技 (jì, “skill”), yet this may be folk etymology (ibid.). \ Schuessler also points to other foreign words which meant "woman, girl" yet referred to women of low social standing in ancient China; e.g. 嬖 (bì), 嬯 (tái) (ibid.). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kre, *ɡreʔ) : semantic 女 + phonetic 支 (OC *kje). \ Attested earliest in Shuowen Jiezi and Wèi-Jìn period's literature (possible pronunciations *kɨe or *gɨeX); a hypohetical OC form would be *kre (Schuessler, 2007). \ Apparently loaned from Vietic (ancient 越 (yuè) in southern China). Compare Proto-Vietic *-keːʔ (“woman, female”) (whence Vietnamese cái (“female”) & gái (“girl, female”)), elsewhere in Mon-Khmer, Proto-Waic *krih girl", Proto-North-Bahnaric *kdri: "female". Alternatively, Wang (1982) relates this to 技 (jì, “skill”), yet this may be folk etymology (ibid.). \ Schuessler also points to other foreign words which meant "woman, girl" yet referred to women of low social standing in ancient China; e.g. 嬖 (bì), 嬯 (tái) (ibid.).
|Only used in 嚕囌／噜苏 (lūsū).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ki • Middle-Chinese : gjeX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Middle-Chinese : kje
|(Classical, historical) female entertainer; female performer of song and dance • prostitute ‖ Used in 妓姕.
| ‖ 妓(ぎ) • (gi)
|geisha; prostitute ‖ female entertainer
|妓 (eumhun 기생 기 (gisaeng gi))
|hanja form of 기 (“prostitute”)
|canonical : 妓: Hán Việt readings: kĩ • canonical : kỹ 妓: Nôm readings: kĩ • canonical : kỹ • canonical : đĩ
|
|
|妓
|-
|妮
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 尼 (OC *nil).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nei⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄦ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧˊㄦ
|^† servant girl • (dialectal, endearing or derogatory) girl • a surname
|
|
|
|
|妮 • (ni) · 妮 • (ni) (hangeul 니, revised ni, McCune–Reischauer ni)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : ny • Hán-Nôm : ni
|
|
|囌
|妮
|-
|-
|囪
|妾
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cung¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshong
|Uncertain. \ Possibly a pictogram (象形) of a woman with a headdress. Cognate to 女 with 辛 on top, though in the modern form the headdress has simplified to unrelated 立. \ Alternatively, may be an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 辛 (“torture device”) + 女 (“woman”) – female criminal. \ Cognate to 捷 (OC *zeb, “victory; booty”) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for more.
|chimney, funnel
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄝˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiap • Middle-Chinese : tshjep
|slave woman • concubine • (archaic, humble) I; me (used by women to show modesty) • a surname
| ‖ 妾(しょう) • (shō) ‖ 妾(しょう) • (shō)
|concubine • servant ‖ concubine ‖ (humble, feminine) I, me
|妾 (eumhun 첩 첩 (cheop cheop))
|hanja form of 첩 (“concubine”)
|Hán-Nôm : thiếp • Hán-Nôm : thê
|
|
|妾
|-
|姆
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mɯʔ, *mɯs, *maːʔ) : semantic 女 (“female”) + phonetic 母 (OC *mɯʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mɯʔ, *mɯs, *maːʔ) : semantic 女 (“female”) + phonetic 母 (OC *mɯʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mɯʔ, *mɯs, *maːʔ) : semantic 女 (“female”) + phonetic 母 (OC *mɯʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mou⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bió • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bó • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ḿ • Middle-Chinese : muwH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㆬ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄨ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㆬˇ
|female tutor who teaches women "female virtues" (in imperial China) • woman who looks after small children ‖ Only used in 姆媽／姆妈 (m̄mā). ‖ Only used in 姆們／姆们 (m̌men).
|
|
|囪 • (chang, chong) · 囪 • (chang, chong) (hangeul 창, 총, revised chang, chong, McCune–Reischauer ch'ang, ch'ong)
|wet nurse
|姆 • (mo) · 姆 • (mo) (hangeul 모, revised mo, McCune–Reischauer mo)
|child's governess • matron
|Hán-Nôm : mỗ • Hán-Nôm : mẫu
|
|
|姆
|-
|姐
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsjaːʔ) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 且 (OC *sʰjaːʔ, *ʔsa). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ze² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ze²⁻¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ze²⁻⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˇㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiá • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsé • Middle-Chinese : tsjaeX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi⁶
|elder sister • woman; lady; madame • (dialectal) mother ‖ (archaic) Alternative form of 㜘 (jù, “pampered; spoiled”)
| ‖ 姐(あね) • (ane)
| ‖ Alternative form of 姉
|姐 • (jeo) · 姐 • (jeo) (hangeul 저)
|
|
|囪
|Hán-Nôm : thư • Hán-Nôm : tỉ • Hán-Nôm : tả
|
|姐
|-
|-
|囱
|姚
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iô • Middle-Chinese : yew
|handsome; elegant • Alternative form of 遙／遥 (yáo, “far; distant”) • a surname
|
|
|
|
|姚 (eumhun 예쁜 요 (yeppeun yo))
|
|
|囱 • (chong, chang) · 囱 • (chong, chang) (hangeul 총, 창, revised chong, chang, McCune–Reischauer ch'ong, ch'ang)
|Hán-Nôm : diêu
|
|
|
|姚
|囱
|-
|-
|国
|姜
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *klaŋ) : phonetic 羊 (OC *laŋ) + semantic 女 (“female”) \ Commonly assumed to be related to 羌 (OC *kʰlaŋ) (Pulleyblank, 2000), though not necessarily (Schuessler, 2007); 羊 (OC *laŋ, “sheep”) in the graphs may be just phonetic or also semantic, signifying "names referring to nomads" (Schuessler, 2009).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : goeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kionn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiong • Middle-Chinese : kjang
|a surname • (mythology) name of a river, identified as a Qi stream near Mount Qi (Commentary on the Water Classic)
|
|
|
|
| ‖ 国(くに) • (kuni) ‖ 国(こく) • (koku)
|姜 • (gang) · 姜 • (gang) (hangeul 강, revised gang, McCune–Reischauer kang)
| ‖ a land, a large place • a country in general, a region • a country as in a nation, a state • the office of emperor, the crown; affairs of state • a province of ancient Japan • the national government in ancient Japan; the national capital in ancient Japan • one's birthplace, where one is from, one's home ‖ a land, a large place • a country in general, a region • a country as in a nation, a state
|a surname
|Hán-Nôm : Khương • Hán-Nôm : khương • Hán-Nôm : cưng • Hán-Nôm : gừng
|
|
|Alternative form of 國 (“Hanja form of 국 (“country; state; nation; land”).”)
|姜
|Alternative form of 國 (“chữ Hán form of quốc (“(only in compounds) nation; state; country”).”)
|国
|-
|-
|圬
|姥
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wu¹
|Etymology 1: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ruːʔ, *maːʔ) : semantic 女 + phonetic 老 (OC *ruːʔ). \ Etymology 2: Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 女 + 老. \ See 老 (lǎo). ‖ See 母 (mǔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ló ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mou⁵ • Middle-Chinese : muX
|Same as 老 (lǎo). • maternal grandparent ‖ old woman • mother • a surname
|
|
|
|old woman
|plaster over with layer of mud
|姥 (eum 모 (mo))
|圬 (eum 오 (o))
|maternal grandmother • midwife
|trowel
|Hán-Nôm : mỗ • Hán-Nôm : mụ
|
|(negative) old lady
|圬
|姥
|-
|-
|圭
|姦
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwai¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ke • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kui
|Characters in the same phonetic series (姦) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : Triplication of 女 (“woman”). ‖
|jade pointed at top • (historical) jade tablet used by officials when addressing the emperor in court • (historical) gui (type of ancient Chinese sundial) • a surname
|Cantonese · Jyutping : gaan¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kan • Middle-Chinese : kaen ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : kàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kán
| ‖ 圭(けい) • (Kei)
|evil; wicked; treacherous • evildoer; treacherous person • to stage an armed rebellion or to steal • traitor; betrayer • to commit adultery • extramarital affair; adultery • to rape ‖ (Hokkien, vulgar) to fuck • (Mainland China Hokkien, vulgar) to swear; to curse • (Taiwanese Hokkien, vulgar) an interjection used to express one's anger: fuck! • (Singapore Hokkien, slang, vulgar) to scold
|square jewel • corner • angle • edge ‖ a unisex given name
| ‖ 姦(かん) • (kan) -na (adnominal 姦(かん)な (kan na), adverbial 姦(かん)に (kan ni)) ‖ 姦(かん) • (kan)
|圭 (eum 규 (gyu))
|wicked • mischief • seduce • rape • noisy ‖ wicked ‖ wickedness, wicked person
|jade pointed at top
|姦 (eumhun 간음할 간 (ganeumhal gan))
|hanja form of 간 (“evil; wicked; treacherous”) • hanja form of 간 (“to rape; to fornicate”)
|Hán-Nôm : gian
|
|
|圭
|姦
|-
|-
|圯
|姨
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji⁴
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lil) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 夷 (OC *lil).
|bridge
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : î • Middle-Chinese : yij
|maternal aunt (mother's sister) • sister-in-law (wife's sister) • aunt (a term of address for a woman around one's mother's age or slightly younger) • (historical) father's concubine
| ‖ 姨(い) • (i)
| ‖ a wife's sister; more specifically, a wife's younger sister • a mother's sister, a maternal aunt • a mistress (extramarital female lover); more specifically, a father's mistress
|姨 • (i) · 姨 • (i) (hangeul 이, revised i, McCune–Reischauer i)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : di • Hán-Nôm : dì
|
|
|姨
|-
|姪
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *diːɡ, *diɡ) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 至 (OC *tjiɡs). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b/m-ləj (“grandchild; nephew”) + *-t (“nominalizing final”). Cognate with Burmese မြေး (mre:, “grandchild”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ti̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsi̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsit • Middle-Chinese : drit • Middle-Chinese : det
|fraternal nephew or niece (originally only of a woman, but also of a man after the Jìn dynasty) • child of a (male) friend in the same generation • Used to call oneself before someone in one's father's generation.
| ‖ 姪(めい) • (mei) ^(←めひ (mefi)?)
| ‖ the daughter of one's sibling; a niece
|姪 • (jil, jeol) · 姪 • (jil, jeol) (hangeul 질, 절, revised jil, jeol, McCune–Reischauer chil, chŏl)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : đẹt
|
|
|
|姪
|圯
|-
|-
|圳
|娃
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄣˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zan³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsùn ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zan³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsùn ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄞˊ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qreː) : semantic 女 + phonetic 圭 (OC *kʷeː). ‖
|furrow in a field; small drainage in a field ‖ Only used in 深圳 (Shēnzhèn). ‖ The meaning of this term is uncertain.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄚˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄚˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ua • Middle-Chinese : 'ea ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄚˊ
|
|beautiful • beautiful girl • girl; lady; female • child; kid; infant • child (son or daughter) • (regional) son • (regional) young animal • doll ‖ a surname
|
| ‖ 娃(あい) • (ai)
|圳 • (su, cheon) · 圳 • (su, cheon) (hangeul 수, 천, revised su, cheon, McCune–Reischauer su, ch'ŏn)
|beautiful (used only for names) ‖ beauty, beautiful girl (generally only used in names)
|Used in placename (See 深圳) • Note: the pronunciation 수(su), which is attested as standard in most of Korean hanja dictionaries, is reconstructed from Fanqie, whereas 천(cheon) is derived from the modern Chinese pronunciation. As this hanja is not used in common Sino-Korean words, 천 is used in most of Korean dialogues and documents.
|娃 • (wae) · 娃 • (wae) (hangeul 왜)
|baby • doll • pretty girl
|Hán-Nôm : oa
|
|
|圳
|娃
|-
|-
|坍
|娛
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taan¹
|to collapse; to topple
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngôo • Middle-Chinese : ngju • Middle-Chinese : nguH
|to amuse; to entertain • amusing; entertaining • amusement; enjoyment; pleasure • entertainment
|
|
|坍 (eum 담 (dam))
|recreation
|娛 • (o) · 娛 • (o) (hangeul 오, revised o, McCune–Reischauer o)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : ngu
|
|
|坍
|娛
|-
|-
|坩
|娜
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ham¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khann ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ham¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kim⁴
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *naːlʔ) : semantic 女 + phonetic 那 (OC *naːl, *naːlʔ, *naːls). ‖ Pronunciation from modern pronunciation of its phonetic part 那 (nà). Originally used to transcribe foreign female personal names, then also used in Chinese female personal names.
|earthenware ‖ Only used in 坩堝／坩埚 (gānguō).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : no⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ná • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nǎ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ló • Middle-Chinese : naX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : no⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naa⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ló • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ná • Hokkien · Tai-lo : na • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nā
|beautiful; graceful ‖ Used in female personal names.
|
|
|jar, pot
|graceful
|坩 • (gam) · 坩 • (gam) (hangeul 감, revised gam, McCune–Reischauer kam)
|娜 • (na) · 娜 • (na) (hangeul 나, revised na, McCune–Reischauer na)
|earthenware, earthenware vessel
|elegant • graceful • delicate
|Hán-Nôm : na • Hán-Nôm : nạ
|
|
|坩
|娜
|-
|-
|坼
|娟
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caak³
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʷen) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 肙 (OC *qʷeːns).
|^† to crack; to break open • ^† to sprout; to blossom
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gyun¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuan
|^† beautiful; graceful
|
|
|
|split • tear • open
|娟 (eumhun 예쁠 연 (yeppeul yeon))
|坼 • (tak) · 坼 • (tak) (hangeul 탁, revised tak, McCune–Reischauer t'ak)
|hanja form of 연 (“beautiful”)
|split • open
|Hán-Nôm : Quyên
|
|
|坼
|娟
|-
|-
|垠
|娠
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gûn
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjɯns, *hljɯn) : semantic 女 (“female”) + phonetic 辰 (OC *djɯn) \ From 震 (OC *tjɯn, “to shake; to rouse”) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for more.
|boundary; limit • dike; riverbank; raised border
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : san¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zan³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sin • Middle-Chinese : syin • Middle-Chinese : tsyinH
|to be pregnant
|
|
|limit • boundary
|with child
|垠 • (eun) · 垠 • (eun) (hangeul 은)
|娠 (eumhun 아이 밸 신 (ai bael sin))
|boundary • bank of stream or river
|hanja form of 신 (“with child”)
|Hán-Nôm : thần
|
|
|垠
|娠
|-
|-
|埂
|娥
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gang² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kíng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kńg ‖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːl) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 我 (OC *ŋaːlʔ)
|low bank of earth between fields; earth dyke ‖ (Lichuan Gan) to argue; to quarrel
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngo⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngôo • Middle-Chinese : nga
|good; beautiful • beautiful woman • (Chinese mythology) Short for 娥皇 (Éhuáng, “Ehuang”). • (Chinese mythology) Short for 嫦娥 (Cháng'é, “Chang'e, the Chinese goddess of the moon”). • eyebrow • a surname
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|
|
|
|娥 • (a) · 娥 • (a) (hangeul 아, revised a, McCune–Reischauer a)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : nga
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|
|
|娥
|埂
|-
|-
|埔
|娶
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bou³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : poo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bou³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phóo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bou³ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : poo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bou³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : poo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phoo
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰloʔ, *sʰlos, *slo) : phonetic 取 (OC *sʰloːʔ, *sʰloʔ) + semantic 女. \ Exoactive of 取 (OC *sʰloːʔ, *sʰloʔ, “to take; to obtain; to collect; to fetch”) (Schuessler, 2007). Compare the etymology of 嫁. \ In Min Nan, the vernacular reading is instead from 𤆬 (chhōa, “to lead; to guide”).
|(Hakka, Southern Min) plain; flatland • Used in place names. ‖ Used in 黃埔／黄埔 (Huángpǔ). ‖ Alternative form of 埠 (“wharf”) • Used in place names. • (Hong Kong) Short for 大埔 (Dàbù, “Tai Po”). ‖ Used in 查埔 (cha-po͘, “man”). ‖ Used in 柬埔寨 (Jiǎnpǔzhài).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshū • Middle-Chinese : tshjuH
|(of a man) to marry; to take (a wife)
|
|
|
|
|娶 (eum 취 (chwi))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : thú
|
|
|
|娶
|埔
|-
|-
|堕
|婉
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun² • Cantonese · Jyutping : wun² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uán • Middle-Chinese : 'jwonX
|(literary) gentle; tender; tactful • (literary) beautiful; graceful; elegant
|
|
|graceful
|婉 (eum 완 (wan))
|
|
|to degenerate • to descend to • to lapse into
|Hán-Nôm : uyển • Hán-Nôm : uốn
|
|
|
|婉
|
|堕
|-
|-
|堯
|婢
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : giâu
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *peʔ, *beʔ) : semantic 女 + phonetic 卑 (OC *pe). May also be considered a ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + semantic 卑 (“low, inferior”), especially in light of its etymology. \ Endoactive of 卑 (bēi, “low, inferior”) (i.e., what is low, what is inferior). Possible allofam of 嬖 (bì, “favorite person, favorite concubine”).
|^‡ lofty; high • Emperor Yao, legendary ruler of ancient China • a surname • (Mainland China) yotta- (SI unit prefix)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pī • Middle-Chinese : bjieX
|female slave • (humble) Self-designation used by females in ancient China: your servant
|
|
|high • far
|maidservant • female slave
|堯 • (yo) · 堯 • (yo) (hangeul 요, revised yo, McCune–Reischauer yo)
|婢 • (bi) · 婢 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tì
|
|
|堯
|婢
|-
|-
|塢
|婪
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ou³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ù
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·ruːm) : phonetic 林 (OC *ɡ·rɯm) + semantic 女 (“woman”).
|(literary) castle or obstruction that provides protection • (literary) small market town • hollow; place with elevated surroundings and a depressed center • structure with high sides to keep the wind out (e.g. a dock)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laam⁴ • Middle-Chinese : lom
|to covet; to be avaricious; to be greedy
|
|
|Alternative form of 隖
|covetous • ravenous
|塢 • (o) · 塢 • (o) (hangeul 오, revised o, McCune–Reischauer o)
|婪 • (ram) · 婪 • (ram) (hangeul 람, revised ram, McCune–Reischauer ram)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : lam
|
|
|塢
|婪
|-
|-
|塵
|媚
|Cantonese · Jyutping : can⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄣˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tîn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thûn
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mrils) : semantic 女 + phonetic 眉 (OC *mril).
|dust; dirt; ashes; cinders • to be streaked with dirt; to become stained • trace; footprint • (figurative) dirty thing • (figurative) war; warfare • (Buddhism) this world; mundane world; this mortal life • (Buddhism) the number billionth (10⁻⁹) • for a long time • a surname
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mī • Middle-Chinese : mijH
| ‖ 塵(ちり) • (chiri) ‖ 塵(じん) • (jin) ^(←ぢん (din)?)
|charming; attractive • to flatter; to fawn on; to curry favor • (literary) to love
| ‖ dust ‖ (Buddhism) impurity • one billionth
|塵 • (jin) · 塵 • (jin) (hangeul 진, revised jin, McCune–Reischauer chin)
|
|
|flatter • humor • flirt
|媚 (eum 미 (mi))
|charming • attractive • flatter
|Hán-Nôm : mị
|
|
|塵
|媚
|-
|-
|塹
|媛
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cim³
| ‖
|A deep pit or trench, especially a city moat • A natural barrier • A rift valley
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uān • Middle-Chinese : hjwenH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wun⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun⁴ • Middle-Chinese : hjwon
|(literary) beauty; beautiful woman • (archaic) beautiful; fine ‖ Only used in 嬋媛／婵媛 (chányuán).
| ‖ 媛(えん) • (en) ^(←ゑん (wen)?) ‖ 媛(ひめ) • (hime)
|princess • a beauty; a beautiful woman ‖ a beauty; a beautiful woman ‖ Alternative form of 姫
|媛 (eumhun 미녀 원 (minyeo won))
|hanja form of 원 (“a beauty”)
|Hán-Nôm : viện
|a beauty; a beautiful woman
|媛
|-
|媳
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *slɯɡ) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 息 (OC *slɯɡ).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sit
|daughter-in-law
|
|
|
|
|塹 • (cham) · 塹 • (cham) (hangeul 참, revised cham, McCune–Reischauer ch'am)
|媳 (eum 식 (sik))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tức
|
|
|塹
|媳
|-
|-
|墀
|嫂
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci⁴
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *suːwʔ) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 叟 (OC *suːʔ) \ * Mandarin \ *:(Pinyin): sǎo (sao³) \ *:(Zhuyin): ㄙㄠˇ \ * Cantonese (Jyutping): sou² \ * Hakka \ *: (Sixian, PFS): só \ *: (Meixian, Guangdong): sau³ \ * Eastern Min (BUC): sō̤ \ * Southern Min \ *: (Hokkien, POJ): só / só͘ \ *: (Teochew, Peng'im): so² / sao² \ * Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵sau \ * Mandarin \ ** (Standard Chinese)⁺ \ *** Hanyu Pinyin: sǎo \ *** Zhuyin: ㄙㄠˇ \ *** Tongyong Pinyin: sǎo \ *** Wade–Giles: sao³ \ *** Yale: sǎu \ *** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sao \ *** Palladius: сао (sao) \ *** Sinological IPA ⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: /sɑʊ̯²¹⁴/ \ * Cantonese \ ** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong) \ *** Jyutping: sou² \ *** Yale: sóu \ *** Cantonese Pinyin: sou² \ *** Guangdong Romanization: sou² \ *** Sinological IPA ⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: /sou̯³⁵/ \ * Hakka \ ** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong) \ *** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: só \ *** Hakka Romanization System: so` \ *** Hagfa Pinyim: so³ \ *** Sinological IPA: /so³¹/ \ ** (Meixian) \ *** Guangdong: sau³ \ *** Sinological IPA: /sau³¹/ \ * Eastern Min \ ** (Fuzhou) \ *** Bàng-uâ-cê: sō̤ \ *** Sinological IPA ⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: /so³³/ \ * Southern Min \ ** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese) \ *** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: só \ *** Tâi-lô: só \ *** Phofsit Daibuun: soir \ *** IPA (Kaohsiung): /sɤ⁴¹/ \ *** IPA (Quanzhou): /so⁵⁵⁴/ \ *** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /so⁵³/ \ ** (Hokkien: Quanzhou) \ *** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: só͘ \ *** Tâi-lô: sóo \ *** Phofsit Daibuun: sor \ *** IPA (Quanzhou): /sɔ⁵⁵⁴/ \ ** (Teochew) \ *** Peng'im: so² / sao² \ *** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: só / sáu \ *** Sinological IPA ⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: /so⁵²/, /sau⁵²/ \ Note: \ *so2 - vernacular; \ *sao2 - literary. \ * Wu \ ** (Northern: Shanghai) \ *** Wugniu: ⁵sau \ *** MiniDict: sau^去 \ *** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²sau \ *** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /sɔ³⁴/ \ ---- \ * Middle Chinese: sawX \ * Old Chinese \ *: (Zhengzhang): /*suːwʔ/ ‖
| ‖
|sister-in-law (older brother's wife) • friend's wife ‖ (Hong Kong Cantonese, university slang) Alternative form of soc
|
|
|elder brother's wife
|嫂 (eumhun 형수 수 (hyeongsu su))
|hanja form of 수 (“sister-in-law; elder brother's wife”)
|Hán-Nôm : tẩu • Hán-Nôm : dâu
|
|
|嫂
|-
|嫡
|
|
|墀 • (ji) · 墀 • (ji) (hangeul 지, revised ji, McCune–Reischauer chi)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dik¹ • Middle-Chinese : traek • Middle-Chinese : tek
|primary wife; legal wife • primary wife; legal wife · of or by the legal wife • Short for 嫡子 (dízǐ, “son of one's legal wife”). • of lineal descent; closely related • orthodox; authentic
|
|
|legitimate wife
|嫡 (eumhun 정실(正室) 적)
|hanja form of 적 (“legitimate wife”)
|Hán-Nôm : đích
|
|
|墀
|嫡
|-
|-
|墊
|嫩
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : din³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : din³⁻² • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin³⁻² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiàm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiām • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiām ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : din⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dim³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄝˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dip⁶
|Corrupted form of 㜛. \ Unclear. Possibly as variant of 耎 (OC) ~ 輭 (OC *nonʔ); alternatively, related to Burmese နုန့် (nun., “weak, exhausted from illness”), yet this meaning barely overlaps with "soft to touch" (Schuessler, 2007). ‖
|pad; cushion; mat • to put something under something else to raise or balance it • to fill up something; to insert something • (Southern Min) to sow ‖ to pay something in advance; to pay for somebody ‖ to sink down; to drown; to perish; to descend ‖ Only used in 墊江／垫江 (Diànjiāng).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nyun⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lūn • Middle-Chinese : nwonH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nyun⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lūn
|tender; delicate • inexperienced; unskilled • (of food) tender; soft • (of colour) light • (Eastern Min) small ‖ Used in transcription. • (Protestantism) Nun (father of Joshua)
|
|
|young • weak
|嫩 (eumhun 어릴 눈 (eoril nun))
|soft, tender, delicate • young
|Hán-Nôm : non • Hán-Nôm : nộn • Hán-Nôm : nỏn • Hán-Nôm : nồn • Hán-Nôm : nõn • Hán-Nôm : nọn
|
|
|墊 • (jeom) · 墊 • (jeom) (hangeul 점, revised jeom, McCune–Reischauer chŏm)
|嫩
|-
|孕
|Pictogram (象形) – a pregnant woman with a fetus.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : īn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ūn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : īng • Middle-Chinese : yingH
|to be pregnant • foetus • to contain
|
|
|
|
|墊
|孕 • (ing) · 孕 • (ing) (hangeul 잉, revised ing, McCune–Reischauer ing)
|-
|壅
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngung¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ìng
|(literary) to obstruct; to block; to stop • (literary) to heap; to pile up • (literary) to cover; to hide
|
|
|plug up • shut up
|Hán-Nôm : dựng • Hán-Nôm : dằng • Hán-Nôm : dửng • Hán-Nôm : rặng • Hán-Nôm : nững • Hán-Nôm : dững
|壅 (eumhun 막을 옹 (mageul ong))
|Hanja form of 옹 (“to block; to obstruct”).
|
|
|壅
|孕
|-
|-
|壑
|孩
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kok³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hok
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯː) : semantic 子 + phonetic 亥 (OC *ɡɯːʔ). \ Smith (2011) groups this word along with these items into a word family meaning “root, germ, generative core”: \ * 荄 (OC *kɯː, “grassroot”), and its derivative 根 (OC *kɯːn, “root”), \ * 核 (OC *ɡrɯːɡ, “germ, kernel”), \ * 骸 (OC *ɡrɯː, “(human) bones”), \ * 亥 (OC *ɡɯːʔ, “sprouting stage”), i.e. "the moon’s first appearance" > "twelfth earthly branch". \ He suggests a derivation from 荄 (OC *kɯː) by voicing, glossing 孩 as “to sprout”; the derivation is not explained any further. However, this sense does not seem to be attested.
|mountain valley; narrow ravine; bed of torrent; gully • hole; deep hole with water
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haai⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hoi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hâi • Middle-Chinese : hoj
|child; youngster; baby • (literary) young and small; childish • (literary) to have tender affection for • (literary) to regard as a child • (obsolete) Alternative form of 咳 (hái, “(of baby) to giggle; to laugh”) • a surname
|
|
|
|
|壑 • (hak) · 壑 • (hak) (hangeul 학, revised hak, McCune–Reischauer hak, Yale hak)
|孩 • (hae) · 孩 • (hae) (hangeul 해, revised hae, McCune–Reischauer hae)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : hài • Hán-Nôm : hời
|
|
|壑
|孩
|-
|-
|壕
|孰
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ô
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djɯwɢ) : phonetic 𦎫 () + semantic 丮. In modern script 𦎫 and 丮 have corrupted into 享 and 丸 respectively. \ From *du + *-k (“distributive suffix”); cognate with 誰 (OC *djul, “who”), 疇 (OC *du, “who”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|moat; channel • (military) trench • (Internet slang) Alternative form of 土豪 (tǔháo)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : suk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sio̍k • Middle-Chinese : dzyuwk
| ‖ 壕(ごう) • (gō) ^(←がう (gau)?) ‖ 壕(ほり) • (hori)
|Original form of 熟 (shú). • emphatic or interrogative pronoun · who; whoever; whomever • emphatic or interrogative pronoun · what; what else; whatever • emphatic or interrogative pronoun · which; which one (what among the explicitly or implicitly mentioned)
|moat, trench ‖ moat, trench ‖ ditch, canal • moat
|壕 • (ho) · 壕 • (ho) (hangeul 호, revised ho, McCune–Reischauer ho)
|
|
|which, how, who
|孰 (eum 숙 (suk))
|
|
|壕
|Hán-Nôm : thục
|
|孰
|-
|-
|壙
|孵
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwong³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kong³
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰuw) : semantic 卵 (“egg”) + phonetic 孚 (OC *pʰuw).
|(literary) tomb; grave • (literary) open wilderness; prairie • (literary) Alternative form of 曠／旷 (kuàng, “vast; expansive”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pū • Middle-Chinese : phju
|to sit on eggs; to hatch; to incubate
|
|
|
|
|壙 • (gwang) · 壙 • (gwang) (hangeul 광, revised gwang, McCune–Reischauer kwang)
|孵 (eumhun 알 깔 부 (al kkal bu))
|hanja form of 부 (“hatch”)
|Hán-Nôm : lộn • Hán-Nôm : phu
|
|
|孵
|-
|學
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : abbreviated 敎 (“to teach”) + 𦥑 (“mingling hands; hands-on learning”) + 宀 (“house; roofed building”) – a child learns in a roofed place. See 敎／教 for more. \ In the modern form, 宀 has corrupted to 冖 (“cover”), and the hands 𦥑 around the 爻 have become connected with the roof 冖 on top of the child 子. Ancient forms include 斆 and 斅, which preserve more of 敎. Shuowen regards 𦥑 as the phonetic component in the character, which may be true according to some Old Chinese reconstructions such as that of Pan Wuyun's, though probably not others. \ The earliest oracle bone script forms may be a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡruːɡ) : semantic 爻 + phonetic 六 (OC *ruɡ). \ May be an endopassive derivation of 覺 (OC *kruːɡs, *kruːɡ, “to awake, get insight”). Ultimately from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kruk (“to rouse; to awaken; to disturb”). ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄝˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : o̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ha̍k • Middle-Chinese : haewk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄚˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄝˊ
|to comprehend; to realise; to understand • (transitive) to learn; to study • to imitate; to copy; to mimic • school • learning; knowledge • theory; doctrine • subject; branch of learning; science; -ology • (Cantonese) like; as ‖ (obsolete) Alternative form of 斆／敩 (xiào, “to teach; to instruct; to train”) ‖ Used in 學鳩／学鸠.
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|壙
|Kyūjitai form of 学 • learning, knowledge, school
|學 (eumhun 배울 학 (bae'ul hak))
|hanja form of 학 (“to learn, to study; to be taught”) [affix] • hanja form of 학 (“-logy, -ics, -graphy, study of...”) [suffix]
|canonical : 學: Hán Việt readings: học 學: Nôm readings: học • canonical : hục
|chữ Hán form of học (“to learn, to study”). • chữ Hán form of học (“(suffix) subject; branch of learning; -ology”).
|學
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|壟
|孽
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lung⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lóng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lǐng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līng
|grave; mound • raised path between fields • ridge
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|mound • grave • rice field dike
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄝˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gia̍t • Middle-Chinese : ngjet
|壟 • (rong) · 壟 • (rong) (hangeul 롱, revised rong, McCune–Reischauer rong)
|son of a concubine • ghost; monster • disaster; calamity • evil; sin • treacherous; evil • (Hokkien) naughty; mischievous
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|壟
|孽 (eumhun 서자(庶子) 얼)
|Alternative form of 孼 (“hanja form of 얼 (“son of a concubine”)”)
|canonical : 孽: Hán Việt readings: nghiệt 孽: Nôm readings: nghiệt • canonical : nghét • canonical : nghẹt • canonical : nghịt
|chữ Hán form of nghiệt (“harsh, cruel, stern, ruthless”).
|孽
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|壩
|它
|Cantonese · Jyutping : baa³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pà • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pèr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pè
|Characters in the same phonetic series (它) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Pictogram (象形) : a snake. This is now written as the derivative 蛇 (OC *l̥ʰaːl, *ɦljaːl, *lal). \ The character was later borrowed for the then-homophonous third-person pronoun (“he/she/it”). Today 他 (tā) is used for male or gender-unspecified “he” and 她 (tā) for “she”. ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (它) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Pictogram (象形) : a snake. This is now written as the derivative 蛇 (OC *l̥ʰaːl, *ɦljaːl, *lal). \ The character was later borrowed for the then-homophonous third-person pronoun (“he/she/it”). Today 他 (tā) is used for male or gender-unspecified “he” and 她 (tā) for “she”. ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (它) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Pictogram (象形) : a snake. This is now written as the derivative 蛇 (OC *l̥ʰaːl, *ɦljaːl, *lal). \ The character was later borrowed for the then-homophonous third-person pronoun (“he/she/it”). Today 他 (tā) is used for male or gender-unspecified “he” and 她 (tā) for “she”.
|dam; embankment; dike • Alternative form of 垻／坝 (“plain; beach”) • beach (sandy, on a river, lake or coast, used chiefly in place names)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thann • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tha • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tho • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tô • Middle-Chinese : tha ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄛ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˊ
|third-person singular pronoun for inanimate objects; it • (chiefly simplified Chinese) third-person singular pronoun for animals; it • (obsolete) general third-person singular pronoun; he; she; they (singular); it • A dummy pronoun. • crooked; evil • a surname ‖ Used in 它它藉藉／它它借借. • Alternative form of 駝／驼 (tuó) ‖ Only used in 它它.
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|壩 • (pae) · 壩 • (pae) (hangeul 패, revised pa, McCune–Reischauer p'ae)
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|Hán-Nôm : dà • Hán-Nôm : đà • Hán-Nôm : tha
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|壩
|它
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|壮
|宋
|Characters in the same phonetic series (宋) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄥˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sòng • Middle-Chinese : sowngH
|(～朝) Song dynasty of China (960–1279), reigning from the end of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms to the beginning of the Yuan • Song or Liu Song (420–479), the first of the four Southern dynasties during the Northern and Southern dynasties period • a surname, listed 118th in the Baijiaxing • (～國) Song, a state during the Zhou dynasty of ancient China • A Chinese constellation, considered a part of the Left Wall of the Heavenly Market Enclosure
| ‖ 宋(そう) • (Sō)
|Song (Chinese dynasty) ‖ Song (former Chinese dynasty): · name of the state during the Zhou dynasty • Song (former Chinese dynasty): · the 劉宋 (Ryūsō), around 420-479 • Song (former Chinese dynasty): · the 北宋 (Hokusō, “Northern Song”) and 南宋 (Nansō, “Southern Song”) dynasties, spanning around 960-1279 • a surname
|宋 (eum 송 (song))
|referring to the Song Dynasty (宋朝) • A surname
|Hán-Nôm : tống
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|宋
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|宏
| ‖ Compare Mandarin 嗡 (wēng).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : wang⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hông • Middle-Chinese : hweang ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : wang¹
|(originally referring to houses) wide; spacious; great; vast • extensive • loud and clear; resounding • (alt. form 弘) to enlarge; to expand • (computing) macro (comparatively human-friendly abbreviation of complex input to a computer program) • a surname ‖ buzzing sound • buzzing; humming; making a humming sound
| ‖ 宏(ひろし) • (Hiroshi)
| ‖ a male given name
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| ‖ 壮(さかん) • (sakan) -na (adnominal 壮(さかん)な (sakan na), adverbial 壮(さかん)に (sakan ni)) ‖ 壮(そう) • (Sō) ^(←さう (sau)?) ‖ 壮(つよし) • (Tsuyoshi)
|large; great
| ‖ Alternative form of 盛ん ‖ a male given name ‖ a male given name
|Hán-Nôm : hoãng • Hán-Nôm : hoành • Hán-Nôm : giang
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|宏
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|壮
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|声
|宦
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 宀 (“house”) + 臣 (“servant”) – slave; servant. \ Compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)(j)wal (“slave; servant”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan ཁོལ་པོ (khol po, “servant”), Burmese ကျွန် (kywan, “slave”), Proto-Loloish *C-kywan¹ (“slave”), 倌 (OC *koːn, *kroːns).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huān • Middle-Chinese : hwaenH
|to hold public office • government official • eunuch • a surname
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| ‖ 声(こえ) • (koe) ^(←こゑ (kowe)?) ‖ 声(しょう) • (shō) ^(←しやう (syau)?)
|宦 (eumhun 벼슬 환 (byeoseul hwan))
|voice ‖ voice ‖ voice, speech • tone • variation of stress in pronunciation • tone mark
|hanja form of 환 (“eunuch”)
|Hán-Nôm : hoạn
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|宦
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|声
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|寇
|Cantonese · Jyutping : wu⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wu⁴⁻² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ôo
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) - a person who holds a stick (卜) with his hand (又), about to beat the head (元) of another person, under the other persons own roof (宀). In Oracle bone script, two hands are holding the stick. In modern form, 卜 and 又 have merged into one character (攴), and is partially surrounded by 元. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-kəw ~ hu (“to steal”). Compare Tibetan རྐུ (rku, “to steal”) and Burmese ခိုး (hkui:, “to steal”).
|pot; jar; kettle (vessel used to boil liquid); jug; vase; can; thermos; bottle; flask; canteen (water bottle) • (historical) a kind of ancient vessel • Classifier for bottled liquid. • a surname
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khòo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiò • Middle-Chinese : khuwH
| ‖ 壺(つぼ) • (tsubo) ‖ 壺(こ) • (ko)
|bandit; thief; invader • foe; enemy • to rob; to plunder • to invade • a surname
| ‖ container or depression: · A pot or jar; a vessel or bottle. • container or depression: · A basin, as at the base of a waterfall. • container or depression: · A pressure point in acupressure or acupuncture. • The core or heart of an issue. • (slang) Those who believe in the Family Federation for World Peace and Unification (formerly the Unification Church) and/or who are in close touch with this religion. (As this religion used to sell vessels to cast out evil spirits) ‖ hu (ancient Chinese vessel shaped like a vase, usually used to store alcohol)
|壺 (eum 호 (ho))
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|foe, enemy, rival • resentment, enmity, grudge • harm, injury
|寇 (eumhun 도둑 구 (doduk gu))
|hanja form of 구 (“bandit; thief; invader”)
|canonical : 寇: Hán Việt readings: khấu 寇: Nôm readings: kháu • canonical : khấu
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|壺
|寇
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|寓
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : suk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siok
|early morning • early • old; past • since old days
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gī • Middle-Chinese : ngjuH
|(literary, or in compounds) to dwell; to reside; to house • (literary, or in compounds) residence; dwelling • (literary, or in compounds) to impute; to attribute; to ascribe in intended meaning; to imply • a surname: Yu
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|夙 • (suk) · 夙 • (suk) (hangeul 숙, revised suk, McCune–Reischauer suk)
|temporary abode • imply • suggest
|寓 (eum 우 (u))
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|Hán-Nôm : ngụ
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|夙
|寓
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|寞
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mok⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bo̍k • Middle-Chinese : mak
|lonely; desolate
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|寞 (eumhun 쓸쓸할 막 (sseulsseulhal mak))
|hanja form of 막 (“lonely; desolate”)
|Hán-Nôm : mịch
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|寞
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|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰimʔ) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 宀 (“roof”) + semantic 爿 (“bed”) + phonetic 𠬶 (“broom and hand”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-(d)z(i/u)m (“sleep”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan གཟིམ (gzim, “to sleep; to fall asleep”). ‖ Compare 這馬／这马 (chit-má, chím-má, chím-á).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cam² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshím • Middle-Chinese : tshimX ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshím
|to sleep; to lie down • bedroom • (literary) to stop; to halt • (historical) imperial tomb; ancestral chamber ‖ (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to approach; to draw near; to imminently occur • (Xiamen, Quanzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) just; just now; a moment ago
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|寢 • (chim) · 寢 • (chim) (hangeul 침, revised chim, McCune–Reischauer ch'im)
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|Hán-Nôm : tẩm
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|够
|寢
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|夤
|寥
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : în
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : liu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâu • Middle-Chinese : lew • Middle-Chinese : lek
|empty; silent; deserted • few; scarce • lonesome; in solitude • vast; broad; expansive • profound and lasting • Alternative form of 憀 (liáo, “to rely; to depend on”)
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|lonely
|寥 • (ryo) · 寥 • (ryo) (hangeul 료, revised ryo, McCune–Reischauer ryo)
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|夤 • (in) · 夤 • (in) (hangeul 인, revised in, McCune–Reischauer in)
|Hán-Nôm : liêu
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|寥
|夤
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|夥
|實
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄛˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fo² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄛˇㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hónn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hér • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hé • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hué ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haai⁵
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 宀 (“roof”) + 周 (“carved jade”) + 貝 (“shellfish; cowrie”). \ The two lower components of 周 and 貝 had combined to form 貫 (OC *koːn, *koːns, “string of cowries”), hence the incorrect analysis in Shuowen Jiezi of this character as 宀 + 貫.
|many; much; a lot of; numerous • (alt. form 伙) companion; partner; assistant ‖ Only used in 夥頤／伙颐.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsa̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si̍t • Middle-Chinese : zyit
|full; fulfilled; substantial; rich • (Classical) to fill; to load; to stuff • real; true • truth; fact; substance; reality • honest • solid • fruit (literal or figurative) • (Classical, arithmetic) dividend • (Cantonese) surely; undoubtedly; definitely • (Classical) in fact; truly; verily; actually • (Cantonese) tight • (Hokkien) packed; fully filled; stuffed • (Hokkien) clogged; blocked (due to being stuffed, packed, etc.) • (Hokkien) suffocated • (Classical) this
| ‖ 實(みのる) • (Minoru)
|reality • truth ‖ a male given name
|實 (eumhun 열매 실 (yeolmae sil))
|hanja form of 실 (“reality; truth”) • hanja form of 실 (“(literal) fruit”)
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|immense • tremendous
|夥 (eumhun 많을 과 (maneul gwa)) · 夥 (eumhun 많을 화 (maneul hwa))
|Hanja form of 과. • Hanja form of 화.
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|夥
|實
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|夾
|寨
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaap³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gap³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gip⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gep⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaap³⁻² • Cantonese · Jyutping : gip⁶⁻² • Cantonese · Jyutping : gep⁶⁻² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kap • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiap • Hokkien · Tai-lo : giap • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngeh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngueh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gueh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngeeh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gereh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nge̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gue̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nge̍eh ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaap³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaap³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaap³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaak³ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : gaap³ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngeh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gueh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngeeh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngueh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gereh ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hip³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˊ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zraːds, *slɯːɡ) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : phonetic 𡨄 (, “to block; to block up; to jam; to plug”) + semantic 木 (“wood”).
|to squeeze between; to pinch; to clamp; to hold between • to carry under one's arm • to place in between; to be located between; to be wedged between • on or from both sides • to support; to assist • to mix; to intermingle; to intersperse • clip; clamp • folder; wallet • torture device used to squeeze the ankles • wharf by a river • Short for 夾室／夹室. • Short for 夾鐘／夹钟. • (Cantonese, figuratively) to remove; to take away • (Canada, US) intersection of ‖ double-layered; lined • Alternative form of 袷 (“lined garment”) • a surname ‖ Only used in 夾竹桃／夹竹桃 (jiāzhútáo) and 夾生／夹生 (jiāshēng). ‖ Only used in 夾肢窩／夹肢窝 (gāzhiwō). ‖ also; and • well-matched; matching; harmonious • to match; to be fitting • to coordinate • to share • to contribute; to chip in ‖ (Hokkien) to clamp; to pinch (using chopsticks, tongs, clips, pegs, etc.) • (Zhangzhou Hokkien Hokkien) to clamp with a chela • (Hokkien) clamp-like tool used to pick up things (such as tongs, clips, pegs, etc.) ‖ to perambulate; to inspect on foot • Alternative form of 挾／挟 (xié, “to seize”) ‖ Alternative form of 狹／狭 (xiá, “narrow”) ‖ Alternative form of 鋏／铗 (jiá, “hilt of a sword”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsāi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsēe • Middle-Chinese : dzraejH • Middle-Chinese : sok
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|stockade; stronghold; fort • stockaded village • barracks • bandit den • a surname: Zhai
|insert between • cramped
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|夾 • (hyeop) · 夾 • (hyeop) (hangeul 협, revised hyeop, McCune–Reischauer hyŏp)
|fort ‖
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|fort • wooden fence
|Hán-Nôm : trại
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|夾
|寨
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|奄
|寫
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iám ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iám • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iam • Hokkien · Tai-lo : am ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim¹
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sjaːʔ) : semantic 宀 + phonetic 舄 (OC *sʰjaːɡ, *sʰaɡ, *sjaːɡ, *sjaːɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sjaːʔ) : semantic 宀 + phonetic 舄 (OC *sʰjaːɡ, *sʰaɡ, *sjaːɡ, *sjaːɡ).
|to cover; to surround; to include • suddenly; abruptly; quickly; hastily ‖ feeble • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 閹／阉 (yān, “to castrate; eunuch”) • Alternative form of 淹 (yān, “to remain; to tarry”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siá • Middle-Chinese : sjaeX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˋ
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|to place; to displace; to relocate • to carry; to relay • to express; to pour out (one's heart, troubles, etc.); to exhaust • to write (with a pen, brush, etc.); to write down • to copy; to transcribe • to follow; to describe; to depict • to compose (a text or work); to write; to draft; to create • to write; to fill in by writing • to draw; to sketch; to portrait • to sign; to formalise • to read; to say (to consist of certain text; to indicate in written form) • to reflect; to resemble; to echo • to rent ‖ Alternative form of 卸 (xiè, “to unload; to disassemble”) • Used in 寫意／写意 (xièyì, “comfortable; easy”). • Alternative form of 瀉／泻 (xiè, “to pour out; to leak”)
|cover • suffocate • obstruct
|奄 • (eom) · 奄 • (eom) (hangeul 엄, revised eom, McCune–Reischauer ŏm)
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|photograph, copy, replicate, reproduce, transcribe • be photographed • describe
|寫 (eumhun 베낄 사 (bekkil sa))
|hanja form of 사 (“copy”)
|Hán-Nôm : tả • Hán-Nôm : giã
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|奄
|寫
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|奎
|寬
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fui¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwai¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khe
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰoːn) : semantic 宀 (“house”) + phonetic 萈 (OC *ɡoːn, “goat”)—a spacious house. \ See also 家.
|the stride of a person • Legs, one of the twenty-eight lunar mansions
|Cantonese · Jyutping : fun¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuann • Middle-Chinese : khwan
|wide; broad • width • generous; magnanimous; lenient • to relax; to relieve • comfortably off; well-off • to take off • (Southern Min) slow
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|tolerant; lenient; generous
|寬 (eumhun 너그러울 관 (neogeureoul gwan))
|hanja form of 관 (“broad, wide, spacious”)
|Hán-Nôm : khoan • Hán-Nôm : khoăn
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|寬
|-
|寮
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːw) : semantic 宀 + phonetic 尞 ().
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : liu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâu • Middle-Chinese : lew
|(literary or dialectal) small house; shack; hut • (Shehua) house (building for living) • (Shehua) home • small window • Original form of 僚 (liáo, “government officials”). • a surname • (chiefly Taiwan, Singapore) Short for 寮國 (“Laos”).
| ‖ 寮(りょう) • (ryō) ^(←れう (reu)?)
|dormitory • hostel • villa • tea pavilion ‖ dormitory, student accommodation, barracks
|寮 • (ryo) · 寮 • (ryo) (hangeul 료, revised ryo, McCune–Reischauer ryo)
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|star
|Hán-Nôm : lều • Hán-Nôm : liêu
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|奎
|寮
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|奐
|寶
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wun⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huàn
|Oracle bone script: Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 宀 (“house”) + 𤣩 (“jade”) + 貝 (“cowry”) – treasures in a house. \ The phonetic component 缶 (OC *puʔ) was added to the character in bronze inscriptions. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pəw (“price”); cognate with Burmese အဖိုး (a.hpui:, “price”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT). Peiros and Starostin (1996) also compares it to Tibetan སྤུས (spus, “goods”). Sagart (1999) relates it to 富 (OC *pɯɡs, “rich”). Schuessler (2007) proposes that it could be the same word as 保 (OC *puːʔ, “to take care of; to consider something precious”).
|numerous
|Cantonese · Jyutping : bou² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄠˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄠˇㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pó • Hokkien · Tai-lo : póo • Middle-Chinese : pawX
|treasure; riches; valuables; precious thing • to treasure; to cherish • to collect (treasures) • treasured; cherished • precious; valuable • (historical) jade token • term of respect, for things related to the emperor, to Buddhism, to Taoism, or to other people • (term of endearment) darling; baby; dear • (gambling) a kind of gambling device • a surname: Bao • (Sichuanese) foolish; silly; stupid
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|clear • bright
|precious objects • worldly goods • valuable possessions
|奐 • (binnal hwan) · 奐 • (binnal hwan) (hangeul 빛날 환, revised hwan, McCune–Reischauer hwan)
|寶 (eumhun 보배 보 (bobae bo))
|be numerous, brilliant
|hanja form of 보 (“treasure; riches; valuables; precious thing”)
|Hán-Nôm : bảo • Hán-Nôm : báu • Hán-Nôm : bửu
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|奐
|寶
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|奕
|將
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jik⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : i̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia̍k ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : ī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ǐ
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 爿 (“bed; small table”) + semantic ⺼ (“meat”) + semantic 寸 (“hand”) – to offer meat as tribute by putting it on the table. \ The ⺼ component is on its side, hence resembles 夕 with an added dot; compare 祭, 然. \ Shuowen erroneously considers the phonetic component of 將 to be 醬 (OC *ʔsaŋs, “sauce”) (abbreviated). \ A conflation of two roots: “to take; to hold” and “will; be going to; near”. \ ; “to take; to hold” (Pronunciations 1, 2 and 3) \ ; “will; be going to; near” (Pronunciation 1) \ ; anteposed object introductory particle ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 爿 (“bed; small table”) + semantic ⺼ (“meat”) + semantic 寸 (“hand”) – to offer meat as tribute by putting it on the table. \ The ⺼ component is on its side, hence resembles 夕 with an added dot; compare 祭, 然. \ Shuowen erroneously considers the phonetic component of 將 to be 醬 (OC *ʔsaŋs, “sauce”) (abbreviated). \ A conflation of two roots: “to take; to hold” and “will; be going to; near”. \ ; “to take; to hold” (Pronunciations 1, 2 and 3) \ ; “will; be going to; near” (Pronunciation 1) \ ; anteposed object introductory particle ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 爿 (“bed; small table”) + semantic ⺼ (“meat”) + semantic 寸 (“hand”) – to offer meat as tribute by putting it on the table. \ The ⺼ component is on its side, hence resembles 夕 with an added dot; compare 祭, 然. \ Shuowen erroneously considers the phonetic component of 將 to be 醬 (OC *ʔsaŋs, “sauce”) (abbreviated). \ A conflation of two roots: “to take; to hold” and “will; be going to; near”. \ ; “to take; to hold” (Pronunciations 1, 2 and 3) \ ; “will; be going to; near” (Pronunciation 1) \ ; anteposed object introductory particle
|great; grand • beautiful • skilled; adept • bright • (of years, generations, etc.) many; one after another • Alternative form of 弈 (yì, “Go (board game); to play Go”) • Alternative form of 亦 (yì, “also”) • Alternative form of 弋 (yì), used in 游奕 (yóuyì). • a surname ‖ (Hokkien) to play (cards, lottery, chess, etc.) • (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to start; to begin (in an activity)
|Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄤ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiang • Middle-Chinese : tsjang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄤˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiàng • Middle-Chinese : tsjangH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng¹
|will; going to • soon; in the near future • nearly; almost • nearly; almost · 78th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "on the verge" (𝍓) • just; just now • certainly; surely • to take; to hold; to fetch • by; by means of; with • also; half ... half ...; or • if; in the case that ... • Particle introducing the object of the verb, used in the same fashion as 把 but more formal. • to support; to assist • to advance; to go • to take orders; to follow • to see off; to send off • to take along; to bring • to use; to utilise • to handle; to deal with • to eat; to have • to lead; to guide • to submit to; to be obedient to • to provide for • to recuperate; to maintain; to take care of one's health • to express; to convey • (dialectal) to incite someone to action • (dialectal, of animals) to bear (an offspring); to give birth • (chess) to check • (obsolete or dialectal) Particle placed after the verb and before a resultative phrase (進來, 起來, 進去 etc.). • (Hong Kong) Short for 將軍澳／将军澳 (Jiāngjūn'ào, “Tseung Kwan O”). ‖ to command; to lead • (military) general • high-ranking military officer • (xiangqi) general; king (on the black side) • (figurative) dab hand (at something); capable person ‖ to ask; to request; to invite • Used in 將將／将将.
| ‖ 將(まさる) • (Masaru)
|Kyūjitai form of 将 ‖ a male given name
|將 (eumhun 장수(將帥) 장 (jangsu jang)) ‖ 將 (eumhun 장차(將次) 장 (jangcha jang))
|hanja form of 장 (“general; commander”) [noun] ‖ hanja form of 장 (“take, hold; from now on, in the future”) [affix]
|canonical : 將: Hán Việt readings: tướng • canonical : tương 將: Nôm readings: tướng • canonical : tương ‖ romanization : tướng • romanization : tương ‖ romanization : tương
| ‖ Chữ Hán form of tướng (“(military) general; commander”). • Chữ Hán form of tướng (“(xiangqi) a piece labeled with the character 將 in black”). ‖ Chữ Hán form of tương (“soon; in the near future”).
|將
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|專
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjon) : phonetic 叀 (, “spindle”) + semantic 又 (“hand”) – a hand turning a spindle or spinning wheel. Originally also written 叀. \ The 又 was later replaced by related 寸.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuan • Middle-Chinese : tsywen
|to monopolize; to take sole possession • specific; special; exclusive • expert; focused; concentrated • exclusively; specially • (Teochew) deliberately; on purpose • (obsolete) spindle; spinning wheel • a surname: Zhuan
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|奕 • (hyeok) · 奕 • (hyeok) (hangeul 혁, revised hyeok, McCune–Reischauer hyŏk)
|專 • (jeon) · 專 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen)
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|canonical : 專: Hán Việt readings: chuyên 專: Nôm readings: choen • canonical : choèn • canonical : chuyến
|奕
|chữ Hán form of chuyên (“specific; expertise”).
|專
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|奘
|對
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄤˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zong¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zong⁶
|In the oracle bone and bronze scripts, it was an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 丵 (“tool for digging”) + 土 (“earth”) + 又 (“hand”). The original meaning of the character is unclear, but it may be “to develop (land)”. It was later borrowed for “to reply”. Compare 封, 邦. \ In the seal script, 又 has become the related 寸. Shuowen has two seal script forms for this character: 𡭊 (main form) and 對 (alternative form). The main form, which has a 口 (“mouth”), was probably created to specialize the character to signify “to reply”, but this form was not inherited in later scripts. Shuowen interprets the latter form (shown above) as a form that Emperor Wen of Han created by replacing 口 with 士 (“soldier; warrior”) because many of the replies were untruthful (just lip service), but it is more likely that 士 is a corruption of 土. \ Exoactive of 答 (OC *tkuːb, “to reply; to answer”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|fat, stout • great, huge
|Cantonese · Jyutping : deoi³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : deoi³⁻² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄟˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uì • Middle-Chinese : twojH
|correct; true; right • to treat; to deal with; to take on • (introducing the recipient of the action) towards; to • to; with regard to; concerning • according to; for • opposite; opposing • to face • paired; contrasting • to suit; to fit • to match; to cause two things to match • to respond; to answer • to check by comparing; to verify by comparing • to adjust; to set • to mix; to add • to divide in half • couplet • Classifier for pairs of objects: pair • pair • (Southern Min, Taiwanese Hakka) from • a surname
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|correct, right • facing, opposed
|對 (eumhun 대할 대 (daehal dae))
|hanja form of 대 (“to answer; to reply”) [affix] • hanja form of 대 (“to face; to confront”) [verbal root; prefix; affix] • hanja form of 대 (“to be about; to concern”) [verbal root; prefix; affix] • hanja form of 대 (“pair; contrasting pair”) [noun; affix] • hanja form of 대 (“versus”) [noun] • hanja form of 대 (“opponent; counterpart; opposite; contrasting”) [affix]
|Hán-Nôm : đỗi • Hán-Nôm : dối • Hán-Nôm : đôi • Hán-Nôm : đối • Hán-Nôm : nhói • Hán-Nôm : tối • Hán-Nôm : tụi
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|奘 • (jang) · 奘 • (jang) (hangeul 장, revised jang, McCune–Reischauer chang)
|對
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|尬
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kreːds) : semantic 尢 + phonetic 介 (OC *kreːds). ‖ Borrowed from Hokkien 較／较.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄚˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kài • Middle-Chinese : keajH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄚˋ
|Used in 尷尬／尴尬 (gāngà). • (neologism, Mainland China, Taiwan, slang) Short for 尷尬／尴尬 (gāngà). ‖ (neologism) to compete
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|奘
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|奥
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| ‖ 奥(おく) • (oku) ‖ 奥(おく) • (Oku)
|Hán-Nôm : giới
| ‖ inside; inner depths • back, rear • inside the house • one's heart, true feelings ‖ a surname
|奥 (eumhun 깊을 오 (gipeul o)) ‖ 奥 (eumhun 따뜻할 욱 (ttatteuthal uk))
|Alternative form of 奧 (“Hanja form of 오 (“deep”).”). ‖ Alternative form of 燠.
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|奥
|尬
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|奩
|尸
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lim⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâm
|Pictogram (象形) - A man with his legs bending, and a side to the front. The picture is variously interpreted as either sitting or lying. \ When used as a radical, 尸 is usually derived from a variation of 人 or 亻, as in 尾.
|dowry • bridal trousseau • box for women's cosmetics or garments
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕ • Cantonese · Jyutping : si¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si • Middle-Chinese : syij
|(historical) a living person who represents the dead person during a rite • dead body
| ‖
|corpse; cadaver ‖
|尸 (eum 시 (si))
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|Hán-Nôm : thi
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|奩 (eumhun 화장 상자 렴 (hwajang sangja ryeom), South Korea 화장 상자 염 (hwajang sangja yeom))
|尸
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|屁
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰis) : semantic 尸 (“body”) + phonetic 比 (OC *piʔ, *pis, *bi, *bis, *biɡ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pja-n/t/s (“fart; shit”). Cognate with Tibetan ཕྱེན (phyen), འཕྱེན ('phyen, “flatulence”), Jingpho hpyet (“to fart”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phuì • Middle-Chinese : phjijH
|(colloquial) flatulence; fart (Classifier: 篤／笃 c) • (colloquial) buttocks; backside • (colloquial) to fart; to pass gas • (vulgar) rubbish; worthless; useless; insignificant; trivial • (vulgar, chiefly in the negative) a damn thing; (no)thing; damn all; jack shit; bugger all • (vulgar, negates the meaning of the sentence) like hell/like fuck; my ass; your ass; damn all/bugger all/fuck all
| ‖ 屁(へ) • (he)
|flatulence, fart ‖ (mildly vulgar) flatulence, fart
|屁 • (bi) · 屁 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi)
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|Hán-Nôm : thí
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|奩
|屁
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|奬
|屎
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hliʔ, *hri) : phonetic 尸 (OC *hli, “body”) + semantic 米 (“rice”). The 米 component was originally three (, representing 小, as seen in ), four (, representing 少) or five dots (as seen in ) forming a ideogrammic representation of faeces in the oracle bone script, with four dots being the most common variant, thus representing a man defecating with faeces coming out of the backside. The Shang dynasty variants saw the 尸 ("body") component interchangeable with 人 ("human"); later, by the Western Zhou dynasty, 尸 variants with four dots became the dominant and sole-surviving form, however examples from this time period also exist where the 尸 component is mistaken for 尾 ("tail"), as seen in . During the Warring States period, the 少 component became corrupted into 米. \ Shuowen Jiezi does not feature the 屎 character, however it does contain 𦳊 and 𡕝. 𦳊 is listed in Shuowen as deriving from 艸 ("grass") and 胃 ("stomach"), while 𡲴 is listed as the ancient form of 徙 (“migration”), however in reality this is not the case; 𡲴 is an erroneous form of the 屎 variant containing 尾, where the tail portion of the 尾 component is mistakenly written as 火. During the Zhou dynasty, 屎 was often used as a phonetic borrowing for 徙 (OC *selʔ); moreover, during the Warring States period, the Chu script character for 徙 consisted of 屎 with an additional 辵 (modern radical form 辶) added to represent the meaning of walking. \ Following transition to the clerical script, a variety of alternative forms emerged: \ *The 米 component was replaced with phonetic component 矢 (OC *hliʔ) thus creating the variant form 𡱁; \ *Some variants added another 米 radical to create 𥻐 and 𥺶; \ *Existing variants containing the 尾 component became 𡲔 and 𡱵; \ *The body portion of 𡲴 also became further corrupted into 夂 (zhǐ), creating 𡕝; \ *The tail portion of 尾-based variants became corrupted into 巛, creating 𡲑; \ *The 尸 component corrupted into 广, creating 𢈍; \ *Even the variant form 𢈍 became corrupted, where the 广 was simplified into 宀, creating 宩. \ All of these variant forms failed to gain widespread usage, and eventually faded into obscurity while 屎 remained the dominant character variant. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kləj (“excrement”). ‖ This is a 破讀／破读 (pòdú, “isolated instance of unusual pronunciation”) found in 詩經.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sái • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sú • Middle-Chinese : syijX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hei¹ • Middle-Chinese : xjij
|excrement; poop (Classifier: 坨 m; 篤／笃 c; 坺 c; 箍 mn) • secretion from the body; tear, earwax, snot, etc. • residue; waste; debris • (vulgar) worthless; useless; despicable • (vulgar) useless thing • (Cantonese) bad; poor; of inferior quality ‖ Only used in 殿屎 (“to groan”).
| ‖ 屎(くそ) • (kuso) ‖ 屎(くそ) • (kuso) ‖ 屎(くそ) • (kuso-) ‖ 屎(くそ) • (-kuso) ‖ 屎(ばば) • (baba)
|excrement, feces, poop ‖ (colloquial) feces, excrement ‖ (swear word) shit ‖ A derogatory prefix. ‖ A derogatory emphasizing suffix. ‖ (children's word): poopoo, poop, dookie • (children's word): something unclean
|屎 (eumhun 똥 시 (ttong si)) · 屎 (eumhun 끙끙거릴 히 (kkeungkkeunggeoril hi))
|hanja form of 시 (“feces, excrement”)
|Hán-Nôm : thỉ • Hán-Nôm : xái
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|屎
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|屏
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *peŋ, *peŋʔ, *beːŋ) : semantic 尸 + phonetic 并 (OC *peŋ, *peŋs) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *peŋ, *peŋʔ, *beːŋ) : semantic 尸 + phonetic 并 (OC *peŋ, *peŋs) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *peŋ, *peŋʔ, *beːŋ) : semantic 尸 + phonetic 并 (OC *peŋ, *peŋs) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *peŋ, *peŋʔ, *beːŋ) : semantic 尸 + phonetic 并 (OC *peŋ, *peŋs)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ping⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pîn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : píng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pīng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pín • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pīn • Middle-Chinese : beng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bing² • Cantonese · Jyutping : beng³ • Middle-Chinese : pjiengX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄥˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄥ • Middle-Chinese : pjieng
|a screen wall across the gate of a house for privacy • wall • folding screen, shield • wall scroll • to protect • to shelter • (computing) screen ‖ to remove • to dismiss • to hide • to suppress • to banish ‖ toilet ‖ Only used in 屏營／屏营 (bīngyíng).
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|Kyūjitai form of 奨
|屏 (eumhun 병풍 병 (byeongpung byeong))
|奬 (eum 장 (jang))
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|Hán-Nôm : bình
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|奬
|屏
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|妍
|屑
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin⁴
|Originally written 㞕. \ Wang (1982) compares it to 細 (OC *snɯːls, “fine”), 碎 (OC *suːds, “shattered; fragmented”). ‖
|(literary) bright, colorful and beautiful
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : seh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : seeh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sap • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sa̍p • Middle-Chinese : set ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : sut
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|bits; scraps; crumbs; fragments • (literary, or in compounds) trifling; trivial • (chiefly in the negative) to be worth doing ‖ (Hakka, Southern Min) bits; scraps; crumbs; fragments
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| ‖ 屑(くず) or 屑(クズ) • (kuzu) ^(←くづ (kudu)?)
|妍 • (yeon) · 妍 • (yeon) (hangeul 연, revised yeon, McCune–Reischauer yŏn)
|rubbish, waste ‖ scrap, waste, bit • human trash, or a scumbag
|屑 • (seol) · 屑 • (seol) (hangeul 설, revised seol, McCune–Reischauer sŏl, Yale sel)
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|Hán-Nôm : tiết
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|妍
|屑
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|妝
|屠
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsong
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *daː, *da) : semantic 尸 (“body”) + phonetic 者 (OC *tjaːʔ). ‖
|to put on makeup; to adorn oneself • adornment, makeup and dress • trousseau; dowry • (Wenzhounese) to do; to make
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tóo • Middle-Chinese : du ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi⁴ • Middle-Chinese : drjo
|
|to slaughter livestock; to butcher livestock • to massacre; to slaughter • butcher • a surname ‖ Only used in 休屠.
|
|
|妝 • (jang) · 妝 • (jang) (hangeul 장, revised jang, McCune–Reischauer chang)
|slaughter • massacre
|屠 • (do, jeo) · 屠 • (do, jeo) (hangeul 도, 저, revised do, jeo, McCune–Reischauer to, chŏ)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : đồ
|
|
|妝
|屠
|-
|-
|妞
|屢
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nau⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nau² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄡㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : niu
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ros) : semantic 尸 + phonetic 婁 (OC *ɡ·roː, *ɡ·ro).
|(colloquial) girl
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lír • Middle-Chinese : ljuH
|repeatedly; frequently
|
|
|frequently • often • again & again
|屢 (eumhun 창 루 (chang ru), word-initial (South Korea) 창 누 (chang nu))
|hanja form of 루/누 (“often, frequently, again and again”) • hanja form of 루/누 (“many”)
|Hán-Nôm : lũ • Hán-Nôm : cũ • Hán-Nôm : lú • Hán-Nôm : rũ • Hán-Nôm : luã • Hán-Nôm : rủ
|
|
|屢
|-
|屬
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjoɡ, *djoɡ) : semantic 㞑 (“tail”) + phonetic 蜀 (OC *djoɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjoɡ, *djoɡ) : semantic 㞑 (“tail”) + phonetic 蜀 (OC *djoɡ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : suk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sio̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiok • Middle-Chinese : dzyowk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zuk¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsyowk
|category; type; class • kins folk; dependent; family members • fellows; associates • subordinate; subaltern; adjutant; aide • to belong to • to be under; to be subordinate to • to be • to be born in the year of (one of the twelve animals) • (taxonomy) genus ‖ to join; to combine • to compose; to write • to gather; to congregate • Alternative form of 囑／嘱 (zhǔ, “to entrust”) • Alternative form of 囑／嘱 (zhǔ, “to exhort; to urge”) • excuse; justification • Alternative form of 矚／瞩 (zhǔ, “to concentrate one's attention on”) • to wear; to bear • to be related with • to follow • Alternative form of 注 (zhù, “to pour”)
| ‖
|Kyūjitai form of 属 ‖
|屬 (eumhun 무리 속 (muri sok)) ‖ 屬 (eumhun 이을 촉 (ieul chok))
|hanja form of 속 (“class; category; type”) • hanja form of 속 (“(biology, taxonomy) a genus”) ‖ (literary) hanja form of 촉 (“to join; to combine”)
|canonical : 屬: Hán Việt readings: thuộc • canonical : chúc • canonical : chú 屬: Nôm readings: thuộc • canonical : chuộc
|chữ Hán form of thuộc (“subordinate to”). • Nôm form of chuộc (“to redeem”).
|屬
|-
|屹
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngat⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gi̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gu̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : git • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gut • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gert • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kit • Middle-Chinese : ngj+t ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜ
|(literary) towering • (literary) firm; unyielding ‖ Only used in 屹剌剌.
|
|
|towering mountains
|屹 • (heul) · 屹 • (heul) (hangeul 흘, revised heul, McCune–Reischauer hŭl)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : ngật
|
|
|妞
|屹
|-
|-
|妣
|岐
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pí
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡe) : semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 支 (OC *kje)
|(literary, honorific) deceased mother
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei⁴ • Middle-Chinese : gjie
|Used in 岐山 (Qíshān). • Alternative form of 歧 (qí) • Used in compounds. • a surname
|
|
|[deceased] mother
|branch off • fork in road
|妣 • (bi) · 妣 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi)
|岐 (eum 기 (gi))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : kì
|
|
|妣
|岐
|-
|-
|妤
|岔
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : û • Hokkien · Tai-lo : îr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : î
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 分 (“split; division”) + 山 (“mountain”)
|Only used in 婕妤 (jiéyú).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caa³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄚˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsha • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshee • Middle-Chinese : tsrhaeH
|to diverge; to branch • to turn • to change the topic of conversation • branch (of a river) • fork in the road; junction of a road • trouble
|
|
|
|
|妤 • (yeo) · 妤 • (yeo) (hangeul 여, revised yeo, McCune–Reischauer yŏ)
|岔 (eum 차 (cha))
|아름답다(=伃): beautiful, pretty, fair; handsome, good-looking
|
|
|妤
|Hán-Nôm : xá
|
|岔
|-
|-
|妯
|岡
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄡˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zuk⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : suk⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cau¹
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *klaːŋ) : phonetic 网 (OC *mlaŋʔ) + semantic 山 (“mountain”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-gaŋ (“hill, ridge, mountain”) (STEDT, Schuessler, 2007), cognate with Tibetan སྒང (sgang, “ridge; mound”), Burmese ခင် (hkang, “ridge”), Burmese အခေါင် (a.hkaung, “summit”), Lahu qhɔ³³ (“mountain”), Sulung gɹaŋ³³ (“mountain”), Proto-Tamangic *ᴬgaŋ ("hill, mountain"). \ STEDT also proposes cognacy with 京 (OC *kraŋ, “artificial mound, capital”) and 鯨 (OC *ɡraŋ, “whale”).
|Only used in 妯娌 (zhóuli). ‖ to move; to be agitated; to not be tranquil
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄤ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kang • Middle-Chinese : kang
|ridge or crest of a mountain • mountain; hill
|
|
|hill
|岡 (eumhun 산등성이 강 (sandeungseong'i gang))
|hanja form of 강 (“hill”)
|Hán-Nôm : cương
|
|
|妯 • (chuk) · 妯 • (chuk) (hangeul 축, revised chuk, McCune–Reischauer ch'uk)
|岡
|
|
|妯
|-
|-
|妳
|峨
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nei⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ní
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːl) : semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 我 (OC *ŋaːlʔ).
|(chiefly Taiwanese Mandarin) you (singular, female)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngo⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngôo
|Short for 峨眉 (Éméi). • lofty
|
|
|Extended shinjitai form of 嬭
|
|
|峨 (eum 아 (a))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : nga
|
|
|妳
|峨
|-
|-
|姍
|峭
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin¹
|Originally Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰews) : semantic 阜 (“soil mountain”) + phonetic 肖 (OC *slew, *slews), later Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰews) : semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 肖 (OC *slew, *slews). \ Cognate with Burmese စောက် (cauk, “steep, depth”). Compare also with Burmese စက် (cak, “severe, chilly”).
|to slander • glorious • a surname ‖ Only used in 便姍／便姗.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ciu³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiàu • Middle-Chinese : tshjewH
|steep; precipitous; rugged • (literary) stern; severe • cold • to make more strict
|
|
|
|
|姍 • (san) · 姍 • (san) (hangeul 산, revised san, McCune–Reischauer san)
|峭 (eum 초 (cho))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tiếu • Hán-Nôm : tiễu
|
|
|姍
|峭
|-
|-
|姒
|峰
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci⁵
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰoŋ) : semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 夆 (OC *pʰoŋ, *boŋ, *ɡaːds).
|wife of elder brother • (chiefly historical) a surname
|Cantonese · Jyutping : fung¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pang • Middle-Chinese : phjowng
|peak; summit • hump (of a camel) • Classifier for camels.
| ‖ 峰(お) • (o) ^(←を (wo)?) ‖ 峰(ね) • (ne) ‖ 峰(みね) • (mine) ‖ 峰(みね) • (Mine)
| ‖ (obsolete) a small place in the mountain • (obsolete) hill, hilltop • (obsolete) peak, ridge ‖ summit of a mountain, peak ‖ peak, ridge • (by extension) top or summit of something • back of a blade ‖ A place name • a female given name • a surname
|峰 • (bong) · 峰 • (bong) (hangeul 봉, revised bong, McCune–Reischauer pong)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : phong • Hán-Nôm : phưng • Hán-Nôm : phơng
|
|
|姒 • (sa) · 姒 • (sa) (hangeul 사, revised sa, McCune–Reischauer sa)
|峰
|
|-
|峻
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sluns) : semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 夋 (OC *sʰlun).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeon³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsùn • Middle-Chinese : swinH
|(of mountains) high; steep; towering • harsh; severe
| ‖ 峻(しゅん) • (Shun) · 峻(たかし) • (Takashi)
|(of a mountain) high; steep ‖ a male given name • a male given name
|峻 • (jun) · 峻 • (jun) (hangeul 준, revised jun, McCune–Reischauer chun)
|
|
|姒
|Hán-Nôm : tuấn
|a male given name
|峻
|-
|-
|姘
|崔
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ping¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phing
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zluːl, *sʰluːl) : semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 隹 (OC *tjul).
|extramarital sex, illicit sexual relations
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshui • Middle-Chinese : tshwoj • Middle-Chinese : dzwoj
|high, lofty, towering • height, summit • a surname,
|
|
|cliff, bluff, precipice
|崔 • (choe) · 崔 • (choe) (hangeul 최, revised choe, McCune–Reischauer ch'oe, Yale choy)
|High • A surname
|Hán-Nôm : thôi • Hán-Nôm : thoi • Hán-Nôm : thòi
|
|
|崔
|-
|崛
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwat⁶ • Middle-Chinese : gjut • Middle-Chinese : ngjut
|(literary) to rise abruptly • (literary) towering; eminent
|
|
|
|
|姘
|崛 (eum 굴 (gul))
|-
|姣
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaau² ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiâu
|(literary) beautiful ‖ (obsolete or Cantonese, Hakka, Hokkien, Leizhou Min, Hainanese, of a woman) lewd; flirtatious
|
|
|beautiful • handsome • pretty
|Hán-Nôm : quật
|姣 • (gyo) · 姣 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo)
|lovely, charming • lewdness
|
|
|姣
|崛
|-
|-
|姬
|嵌
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ki ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˊ
|a surname, used by the ruling family of the House of Zhou • (literary) lady (ancient laudatory title for women) • (mythology) name of a river • (literary) beauty • (literary) concubine • (neologism, slang) Synonym of 基 (jī, “gay”), with a feminine connotation; lesbian ‖
| ‖
|alternative form of 姫 ‖
|姬 • (hui) · 姬 • (hui) (hangeul 희, revised hui, McCune–Reischauer hŭi, Yale huy)
|woman
|
|
|姬
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kham • Middle-Chinese : khaem • Middle-Chinese : dzamX
|-
|to inlay; to embed; to imbed; to fix deeply and firmly • (literary, of a valley) deep • (literary) grotto; cave • (literary) to fall into; to sink • (literary) precipitous; rugged; cratered
|娌
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁵
|Only used in 妯娌 (zhóuli).
|
|
|brother's wife
|
|
|嵌 (eum 감 (gam))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : khảm
|
|
|娌
|嵌
|-
|-
|娑
|嵐
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : so¹
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *b·ruːm) : semantic 山 (“mountain”) + abbreviated phonetic 葻 (OC *b·uːm)
|Used in 婆娑 (pósuō) and 娑娑. • Used in transcription.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laam⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lâm • Middle-Chinese : lom
|(literary) mountain mist • Used in place names.
| ‖ 嵐(あらし) • (arashi) ‖ 嵐(あらし) • (Arashi) ‖ 嵐(らん) • (Ran)
|fresh energy from the mountains • storm, tempest ‖ a storm, tempest: · a windstorm • a storm, tempest: · a rainstorm • a storm, tempest: · a magnetic storm • (figurative) a difficulty, discord, strife • (archaic, obsolete) Short for 嵐の日 (arashi no hi): the first day of the seventh month in the lunar calendar ‖ a female given name • a surname ‖ a female given name
|嵐 (eumhun 남기(嵐氣) 람, word-initial (South Korea) 남기(嵐氣) 남)
|hanja form of 람, 남 (“mountain mist”)
|
|
|old woman
|娑 (eum 사 (sa))
|dance, frolic • lounge • saunter
|
|
|娑
|嵐
|-
|-
|娓
|嶺
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁵
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reŋʔ) : semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 領 (OC *reŋʔ). \ Compare 陵 (OC *rɯŋ, “mound; hill”).
|(archaic) to comply with; to yield to • Used in 娓娓 (wěiwěi, “tireless”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leng⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : líng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : niá • Middle-Chinese : ljengX
|mountain whose peak is accessible by road (Classifier: 道 m) • mountain range • (specifically) Nanling Mountains; Wuling • (Hakka, dialectal Cantonese) mountain; hill • a surname: Ling
|
|
|peak • summit
|嶺 (eumhun 재 령 (jae ryeong), word-initial (South Korea) 재 영 (jae yeong))
|hanja form of 령/영 (“mountain ridge”)
|Hán-Nôm : lĩnh • Hán-Nôm : lãnh
|
|
|娓 • (mi) · 娓 • (mi) (hangeul 미, revised mi, McCune–Reischauer mi)
|嶺
|
|
|娓
|-
|-
|娣
|巍
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dai⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tai⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tai⁶
|Vocalic variant of 危 (OC *ŋoi) (Schuessler 2007); see there for etymology.
|younger of two women married to a man; (in general) concubine of a man • younger sister • wife of husband's younger brother • mother's younger sister • a surname • Used in the given name of a girl to symbolize the hope that she will have a younger brother.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : guî • Middle-Chinese : ngjw+j
|towering; lofty
|
|
|younger sister • sister-in-law
|towering; high
|娣 • (je) · 娣 • (je) (hangeul 제, revised je, McCune–Reischauer che)
|巍 (eumhun 넢고 클 외 (neopgo keul oe))
|younger sister • sister-in-law
|hanja form of 외 (“high and large”)
|
|canonical : 巍: Hán Việt readings: nguy 巍: Nôm readings: nguy • canonical : ngoai
|娣
|chữ Hán form of nguy (“towering”).
|巍
|-
|-
|娩
|巖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : min⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maan⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bián ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waan⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : min⁵ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maan⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : faan³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄣˋ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋraːm) : semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 嚴 (OC *ŋam).
|to give birth to a child ‖ (literary) beautiful; delicate; fine • (literary) complaisant; agreeable ‖ A surname. • Alternative form of 萬／万 (wàn) ‖ (alt. form 嬎) to reproduce ‖ Used in female personal names.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngaam⁴ • Middle-Chinese : ngaem
|(of a military position) dangerous and important
|
|
|bear (children)
|娩 • (man) · 娩 • (man) (hangeul 만)
|
|
|巖 • (am, eom) · 巖 • (am, eom) (hangeul 암, 엄, revised am, eom, McCune–Reischauer am, ŏm)
|
|
|娩
|Hán-Nôm : nham
|same as nham 碞
|巖
|-
|-
|娼
|巢
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshang
|Pictogram (象形) : a baby bird (巛) in a nest (田), which is on top of a tree (木). ‖  ‖
|prostitute • (historical) female performer of song and dance
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsâu • Middle-Chinese : dzraew • Middle-Chinese : dzraewH ‖  ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : siū
|nest (for bird, ants, bees, etc.) • lair; den • (historical) name of an ancient musical instrument • (historical) name of an ancient feudal state • a surname ‖ wrinkled; wrinkly ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 岫 (siū, “nest, den or lair of animals”)
|
|
|prostitution
|nest • living quarter in tree
|娼 (eumhun 창녀 창 (changnyeo chang))
|巢 • (so) · 巢 • (so) (hangeul 소, McCune–Reischauer so)
|Hanja form of 창 (“prostitute”).
|nest • living quarter in tree
|Hán-Nôm : sào
|
|
|娼
|巢
|-
|-
|婀
|巫
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : o² • Cantonese · Jyutping : o¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : o
|Pictogram (象形) – originally two pieces of jade crossed over each other as used in ancient shamanistic practices. \ ; “shaman; witch” \ : Thai หมอ (mɔ̌ɔ, “doctor”) < Proto-Tai *ʰmo:ᴬ (“shaman”) is generally assumed to be a Sino-Tibetan loan (Pittayaporn, 2014). More at Wu (shaman), Magi#In Chinese sources, magus. \ ; “Malay”
|beautiful; graceful • (alt. form 娿) Used in 媕婀 (“indecisive”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bû • Middle-Chinese : mju
|shaman; witch; sorcerer; wizard • witch doctor • (chiefly Malaysia, Singapore) Malay; Melayu; relating to ethnic Malays • a surname
| ‖ 巫(かんなぎ) • (kannagi) ‖ 巫(こうなぎ) • (kōnagi) ^(←かうなぎ (kaunagi)?)
|shaman • witch, sorcerer ‖ (archaic) a medium or shaman, usually female, who acts as a medium between humans and the spirits or gods, helping to communicate between the two and to calm any supernatural or spiritual upset ‖ (archaic, possibly obsolete) a medium or shaman, usually female, who acts as a medium between humans and the spirits or gods, helping to communicate between the two and to calm any supernatural or spiritual upset
|巫 (eumhun 무당 무 (mudang mu))
|hanja form of 무 (“shaman; something related to shamanism”)
|canonical : 巫: Hán Việt readings: vu
|
|
|charm • flirtation
|巫
|婀 • (a) · 婀 • (a) (hangeul 아, revised a, McCune–Reischauer a)
|-
|be beautiful • be graceful
|巴
|
|Pictogram (象形) — a huge snake. \ ; "huge snake" \ ; "bar"
|婀
|Cantonese · Jyutping : baa¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄚ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pa • Middle-Chinese : pae
|(ancient Chinese mythology) a huge snake that could swallow an elephant • to greatly desire; to anxiously hope; to long for • Used as a suffix for objects that are located below or behind. • Used as a suffix for objects that are clumped together due to dryness or stickiness. • to cling to; to stick to • (Jilu Mandarin, Sichuanese, dialectal Wu) to be close to; to be next to • (Beijing Mandarin, Jilu Mandarin) to open; to spread • (Sichuanese) to suit; to fit • (Sichuanese) to follow • (Sichuanese) to be intimate • (Sichuanese) to involve; to implicate • (Sichuanese) to kiss up; to curry favour • (Sichuanese) to subsidize • (Sichuanese) to infect; to contract • (dialectal Mandarin, including Beijing Mandarin, Shandong Mandarin, Xinjiang Mandarin) to sew; to stitch on • (Southwestern Mandarin; Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) dried object • (dialectal Mandarin, Cantonese) Classifier for the number of slaps. • (Jiaoliao Mandarin, Sichuanese) along • (historical) Ba (an ancient state in modern-day Sichuan) • eastern Sichuan and Chongqing • Short for 巴士 (bāshì, “bus”). • (physics) bar (unit of pressure) • (Cantonese) Used in transcription of bar. • Short for 巴勒斯坦 (Bālèsītǎn, “Palestine”). • Short for 巴基斯坦 (Bājīsītǎn, “Pakistan”). • Short for 巴拿馬／巴拿马 (Bānámǎ, “Panama”). • Short for 巴哈馬／巴哈马 (Bāhāmǎ, “The Bahamas”). • Short for 巴拉圭 (Bālāguī, “Paraguay”). • a surname
| ‖ 巴(ともえ) • (tomoe) ^(←ともゑ (tomowe)?) ‖ 巴(ともえ) • (Tomoe) ^(←ともゑ (tomowe)?) ‖ 巴(は) • (Ha)
| ‖ a circular design resembling swirling water, a comma, or an archer's bow • (architecture) a piece of wood, usually a floorboard or an eave, with a tomoe pattern • an oxcart with the wickerwork in a tomoe pattern • a 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) with various tomoe designs • Short for 巴瓦 (tomoegawara): a tile with a tomoe design • turning ‖ Short for 巴御前 (Tomoe Gozen): 12th-century female samurai • a 謡曲 (dōkyoku, “noh song”) based on a story from The Tale of the Heike • a surname • a unisex given name ‖ (historical) Ba (an ancient state in eastern Sichuan)
|巴 (eumhun 땅 이름 파 (ttang ireum pa))
|Hanja form of 파 (“used in placenames”).
|canonical : 巴: Hán Việt readings: ba • canonical : bơ 巴: Nôm readings: bơ • canonical : ba • canonical : vã • canonical : va
|Chữ Hán form of Ba (“used in placenames”). • Chữ Hán form of ba (“to adhere; to stick to”). • Nôm form of bơ (“used in compounds”).
|巴
|-
|-
|婁
|帕
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩˇ
|;“Phrae Province; Phrae City”
|(Chinese astronomy) the constellation Lóu, one of the twenty-eight lunar mansions • (dialectal, of a body) weak; feeble; frail • (dialectal, of melons) overripe and unfit to eat • a surname ‖ (obsolete) to drag; to trail; to pull ‖ (obsolete) to tether oxen
|Cantonese · Jyutping : paak³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paa³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mat⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mak⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phànn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phà • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phèe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pheh • Middle-Chinese : maet
|to wrap • kerchief, handkerchief, headscarf • Short for 帕斯卡 (Pàsīkǎ, “pascal (SI unit)”). • (～府) Phrae province • (～市) Phrae city
|
|
|frequently • tie
|婁 (eum 루 (ru))
|a constellation • to wear
|
|
|婁
|帕 • (mal, pa) · 帕 • (mal, pa) (hangeul 말, 파, revised mal, pa, McCune–Reischauer mal, p'a)
|-
|婊
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : biu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piáu
|(colloquial, derogatory, vulgar) prostitute; whore; bitch • (slang, derogatory) to be badmouthed; to be wrongly accused; to be regarded as a bitch
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : phạ
|
|
|帕
|-
|帖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰeːb) : semantic 巾 (“a square item of cloth”) + phonetic 占 (OC *ʔljem, *tjems). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰeːb) : semantic 巾 (“a square item of cloth”) + phonetic 占 (OC *ʔljem, *tjems). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰeːb) : semantic 巾 (“a square item of cloth”) + phonetic 占 (OC *ʔljem, *tjems).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄝ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tip³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiap • Middle-Chinese : thep ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄝˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tip³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tip³⁻² ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄝˋ
|to be submissive; to be obedient; to be docile • stable; settled; appropriate • Same as 貼／贴 (tiē, “to paste”). • a surname ‖ note; invitation; card; identity card • ^† official document; proclamation • Classifier for doses of herbal medicine. ‖ copybook; model; rubbing (for practicing calligraphy or painting)
|
|
|
|
|帖 (eumhun 문서 첩 (munseo cheop)) ‖ 帖 (eumhun 체지 체 (cheji che))
| ‖
|Hán-Nôm : thiếp
|
|
|婊
|帖
|-
|-
|婷
|帘
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ting⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tîng
|Used in compounds and personal names. • a surname
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lim⁴ • Middle-Chinese : dzrin • Middle-Chinese : ljem
|sign hung in front of a tavern's entrance
|
|
|婷 (eum 정 (jeong))
|
|
|帘 • (ryeom) · 帘 • (ryeom) (hangeul 렴, revised ryeom, McCune–Reischauer ryŏm)
|
|
|婷
|-
|媲
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei² • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei³
|to marry, to match • to equal • to compare
|
|
|
|
|帘
|-
|帚
|Characters in the same phonetic series (帚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Pictogram (象形) – a broom with bristles on top and tied handle on the bottom. \ In modern form, top now resembles 聿 (“hand”), 肀 (“brush”), 彐, and overall graphically decomposes roughly as 肀 + 冖 + 巾.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄡˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaau² • Cantonese · Jyutping : zau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiú • Middle-Chinese : tsyuwX
|broom; broomstick
|
|
|broom
|帚 • (chu) · 帚 • (chu) (hangeul 추, revised chu, McCune–Reischauer ch'u)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : chổi • Hán-Nôm : trửu
|
|
|媲
|帚
|-
|-
|媼
|帶
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ou²
|Pictogram (象形) . \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-daːj (“waist; belt; zone; flat expanse”). Cognate with Tibetan སྡེ (sde, “part; portion; district”) and Proto-Lolo-Burmese *N-day³ (“level expanse; plain”). Also compare the phonologically similar Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-taj (“naval; abdomen; center; self”). ‖  ‖
|(literary) old woman • (literary) woman or mother god of earth
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄞˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuà • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tài • Middle-Chinese : tajH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tèr ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsah
|belt; ribbon; tape (Classifier: 條／条 c) • tyre • zone; area; belt • cassette (Classifier: 餅／饼 c) • leucorrhoea • to take; to bring along; to carry • to do something incidentally • to lead; to head • to bear; to have • to have something attached • to contain; to carry • to drive; to spur on • to look after; to bring up • (Hokkien) to worry about; to care for • (Hokkien) to involve in trouble; to implicate • (neologism, Internet slang) Pronunciation spelling of 大. ‖ (Hokkien, Hainanese) place • (Hainanese) where ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 紮／扎 (chah, “to carry; to bring along”)
|
|
|
|
|媼 • (on, o, ol) · 媼 • (on, o, ol) (hangeul 온, 오, 올, revised on, o, ol, McCune–Reischauer on, o, ol, Yale on, o, ol)
|帶 (eumhun 띠 대 (tti dae))
|hanja form of 대 (“belt; ribbon; tape”)
|Hán-Nôm : đái • Hán-Nôm : đới • Hán-Nôm : đai
|
|
|帶
|-
|帷
|
|
|媼
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uî • Middle-Chinese : hwij
|-
|tent • curtain, screen
|媽
| ‖ 帷(い) • (i) ^(←ゐ (wi)?) ‖ 帷(い) • (i) ^(←ゐ (wi)?)
|Cantonese · Jyutping : maa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maa⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maa² • Cantonese · Jyutping : maa⁵ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄚ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : má • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ma
| ‖ a curtain or hanging that covers all sides ‖ hanging; curtain
|"mom; mum: an affectionate term for a mother • (usually with qualifier) other older female relatives or house-servants • (religion) ""The Mother"", an epithet of the Fujianese sea goddess Mazu (媽祖／妈祖). • (obsolete, hapax) mare; female horse"
|帷 • (yu) · 帷 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu)
|
|
|mother
|媽 • (ma) · 媽 • (ma) (hangeul 마, revised ma, McCune–Reischauer ma)
|mother • grandmother
|
|
|媽
|帷 (duy)
|帷
|-
|-
|媾
|幌
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gau³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kau³
|(originally) to marry in a cousin marriage (to cement the relationship between families); (in general) to marry • to dote on • to make peace; to reach agreement; to negotiate peace • to copulate; to have sexual intercourse
|
|
|sex, coitus • intimacy, relation
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fong² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hóng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hián • Middle-Chinese : hwangX
|媾 (eum 구 (gu))
|(literary) curtain • shop sign for a liquor-selling establishment
| ‖ 幌(ほろ) • (horo)
|canopy; hood ‖ canopy, hood • horo, a cloak worn by samurai
|幌 (eum 황 (hwang))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : hoảng
|
|
|媾
|幌
|-
|-
|嫖
|幢
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : piu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiâu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : piu¹
| ‖
|to visit prostitutes; to patronise prostitutes ‖ nimble; agile
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cong⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zong⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thōng • Middle-Chinese : draewng • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tong⁴ • Middle-Chinese : draewngH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cong⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zong⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thōng • Middle-Chinese : draewng • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tong⁴ • Middle-Chinese : draewngH
|(obsolete) wooden support pole (particularly a wooden tentpole, flagpole, or umbrella shaft) • tent • flag; banner • umbrella • (Buddhism) stone pillar inscribed with religious writings • wavering (in the manner of a shadow) ‖ Classifier for buildings.
|
|
|wanton, hedonist
|嫖 • (pyo) · 嫖 • (pyo) (hangeul 표, revised pyo, McCune–Reischauer p'yo)
|
|
|幢 • (dang) · 幢 • (dang) (hangeul 당, revised dang, McCune–Reischauer tang)
|
|
|嫖
|Hán-Nôm : choàng
|-
|嫗
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ù • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ì ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ
|mother • (old) woman ‖ (of birds) to incubate; to sit on eggs • to warm with one's body • to raise; to nurture • friendly; affable
| ‖ 嫗(おみな) • (omina)
| ‖ a grown woman • an old woman
|嫗 • (gu) · 嫗 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku)
|old woman, hag
|
|
|嫗
|幢
|-
|-
|嫘
|并
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁴
|a surname
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bing¹ • Middle-Chinese : pjieng
|(～州) (geography) Bing Province (province in ancient China) • Synonym of 太原 (Tàiyuán, “Taiyuan City”)
|
|
|
|
|并 • (byeong) · 并 • (byeong) (hangeul 병, revised byeong, McCune–Reischauer pyŏng)
|
|
|
|
|嫘
|-
|嫣
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ian
|(of appearance) beautiful
|
|
|beautiful • beauty
|并
|嫣 (eum 언 (eon))
|beautiful, beauty
|beautiful
|嫣
|-
|-
|嫦
|庇
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : soeng⁴
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pis) : semantic 广 (“house that is built to depend on a cliff”) + phonetic 比 (OC *piʔ, *pis, *bi, *bis, *biɡ).
|Only used in 嫦娥 (Cháng'é).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pì • Middle-Chinese : pjijH
|to cover; to shield; to shelter; to protect • (Northern Min) to bury
|
|
|Used as a proper name
|嫦 • (hang) · 嫦 • (hang) (hangeul 항, revised hang, McCune–Reischauer hang)
|
|
|庇 • (bi) · 庇 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi)
|cover, shield, shelter, protect
|Hán-Nôm : tí
|
|
|嫦
|庇
|-
|-
|嫵
|庵
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mou⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bú
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qoːm, *qoːb) : semantic 广 (“house”) + phonetic 奄 (OC *qromʔ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k-jim ~ k-jum (“house; pit; womb”). Cognate with Tibetan ཁྱིམ (khyim, “house”) and Burmese အိမ် (im, “house”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : am • Middle-Chinese : 'om • Middle-Chinese : 'op
|dome-shaped grass house; hut • (Buddhism) monastery or nunnery • a surname
| ‖ 庵(いおり) • (iori) ^(←いほり (ifori)?) ‖ 庵(いおり) • (Iori) ^(←いほり (ifori)?) ‖ 庵(いお) • (io) ^(←いほ (ifo)?) ‖ 庵(あん) • (an) ‖ 庵(あん) • (-an) ‖ 庵(あん) • (An)
|hut • hermitage • retreat (a peaceful, quiet place, esp. one meant for meditation or prayer) ‖ a coarse hut made of bamboo and reeds, especially one made by a monk or hermit • a small house • (humble) one's home • a temporary hut • a military camp (attested in the Wamyō Ruijushō) • a kind of 家紋(かもん) (kamon, “family crest”) with the design of a hut • Short for 庵形 (iori-gata): a figure in the shape of a roof • Short for 庵看板 (iori kanban): ‖ a female given name • a surname ‖ a temporary hut made of bamboo and reeds • a temporary residence ‖ a small house with a thatched roof • (Buddhism) a priest's quarter attached to a large Zen temple ‖  ‖ a surname
|庵 (eumhun 암자 암 (amja am))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : am
|chữ Hán form of am (“hermitage, secluded hut, cottage, etc.”).
|庵
|-
|廓
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰʷaːɡ) : semantic 广 (“broad; wide; extensive”) + phonetic 郭 (OC *kʷaːɡ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwok³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwok³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : koh • Middle-Chinese : khwak
|broad; wide; open; empty • (literary) to expand; to widen • (literary) to clear away; to eliminate • outline; contour • 46th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "enlargement" (𝌳)
|
|
|charming • enchanting
|嫵 • (mu) · 嫵 • (mu) (hangeul 무, revised mu, McCune–Reischauer mu, Yale mu)
|charming • (be) gentle • (be) pretty
|
|
|嫵
|廓 (eumhun 둘레 곽 (dulle gwak)) ‖ 廓 (eumhun 클 확 (keul hwak))
|hanja form of 곽 (“girdle, circumference, outside, enclosure, wall”) ‖ hanja form of 확 (“wide; broad; large”) • hanja form of 확 (“to widen; broaden; enlarge”)
|Hán-Nôm : quách
|
|廓
|-
|-
|嫻
|廟
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haan⁴
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mrews) : semantic 广 + phonetic 朝 (OC *ʔr'ew, *r'ew). \ Possibly related to Proto-Hmong-Mien *prəuX (“house”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|(literary, or in compounds, of personality, behaviour, etc.) elegant, gentle and quiet • (literary, or in compounds) skilled; skillful; adept; proficient
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : biō • Hokkien · Tai-lo : biāu • Middle-Chinese : mjewH
|(architecture, religion) temple (Classifier: 座; 間／间)
| ‖ 廟(びょう) • (byō)
| ‖ mausoleum • shrine • palace
|廟 (eumhun 사당 묘 (sadang myo))
|hanja form of 묘 (“temple, shrine”) • hanja form of 묘 (“imperial court”)
|Hán-Nôm : miếu • Hán-Nôm : mưỡu • Hán-Nôm : méo • Hán-Nôm : miễu
|
|
|elegant • refined • skillful
|廟
|嫻 • (han) · 嫻 • (han) (hangeul 한, revised han, McCune–Reischauer han)
|elegant • refined • skillful
|
|嫻
|-
|-
|嬉
|廢
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hi ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hei²
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pads) : semantic 广 (“house”) + phonetic 發 (OC *pad). \ During the Zhou–Qin period, 灋 (OC *pqab) and 法 (OC *pqab) were used to represent 廢. \ Related to 乏 (OC *bob, “to lack; to neglect”). Cognate with Tibetan འབབ ('bab, “to go down; to move downward; to descend; calamity”), འབེབས ('bebs, “to cause to fall; to bring down”) (Schuessler, 2007). Also compare Thai บอบ (bɔ̀ɔp, “weak, worn out, run down”) (ibid.).
|to enjoy • to play; to amuse oneself ‖ Used in personal names.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fai³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huì • Middle-Chinese : pjojH
|(of house) to collapse • to abandon; to abrogate; to abolish • abandoned; deserted • to stop; to terminate • to oust; to dethrone • to decline; to decay; to ruin • disabled; handicapped; crippled • decayed; spoiled; bad • to neglect; to disregard; to overlook • useless; disused • waste; unwanted material • to fall; to drop • to kill; to slay • to lay down • to waste; to squander • Alternative form of 發／发 (“to take place; to happen”) • dejected; dispirited
|
|
|happy; glad
|嬉 (eum 희 (hui))
|
|
|廢 (eumhun 폐할 폐 (pyehal pye)) · 廢 (eumhun 버릴 폐 (beoril pye))
|hanja form of 폐 (“to terminate”) • hanja form of 폐 (“to abandon”)
|Hán-Nôm : phế
|
|
|嬉
|廢
|-
|-
|嬋
|廣
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sim⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siân
|Characters in the same phonetic series (黃) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷaːŋʔ) : semantic 广 + phonetic 黃 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (黃) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷaːŋʔ) : semantic 广 + phonetic 黃 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (黃) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷaːŋʔ) : semantic 广 + phonetic 黃 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (黃) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷaːŋʔ) : semantic 广 + phonetic 黃 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄤˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kóng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kńg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuínn • Middle-Chinese : kwangX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄤˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄤˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄤ
|broad; wide; extensive; vast • many; numerous; multitudinous • to expand; to enlarge • common; widespread; universal; pervasive; general; ubiquitous • Short for 廣州／广州 (Guǎngzhōu, “Guangzhou”). • Short for 廣東／广东 (Guǎngdōng, “Guangdong”). • (Sichuanese) overseas; foreign; western; imported • width; breadth • a surname: Guang ‖ to measure width • distance from east to west ‖ Alternative form of 曠／旷 (kuàng) • Alternative form of 壙／圹 (kuàng) ‖ Used in 闋廣／阕广, alternative form of 騤𩧉／骙𱄾 (juéguāng) • Alternative form of 光
|
|broad • wide • spacious
|廣 (eumhun 넓을 광 (neolbeul gwang))
|hanja form of 광 (“broad, wide, extensive”)
|Hán-Nôm : quảng • Hán-Nôm : quẳng • Hán-Nôm : quãng • Hán-Nôm : rộng
|
|
|廣
|-
|廳
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰeːŋ) : semantic 广 (“house”) + phonetic 聽 (OC *l̥ʰeːŋ, *l̥ʰeːŋs). \ According to Jiyun, from 聽／听 (tīng), short for 聽事／听事. \ : \ 廳，古者治官處謂之聽事，後語省直曰聽，故加广。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]厅，古者治官处谓之听事，后语省直曰听，故加广。 [Classical Chinese, simp.] \ From: 1039, Jiyun \ Tīng, gǔzhě zhìguān chù wèi zhī tīngshì, hòu yǔ xǐng zhí yuē tīng, gù jiā yǎn. [Pinyin] \ 廳 / 厅 (tīng ‘hearing [hall]’): The people of old called the government officials' bureaus ‘[halls for] hearing cases’; later the expression is shortened to just ‘hearing [hall]’; so the radical 广 (yǎn) would be added.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : teng¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ting¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiann • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thing • Middle-Chinese : theng
|hall; large room • government department; office • (Cantonese) living room and/or dining room
| ‖
|Kyūjitai form of 庁: government office ‖
|廳 • (cheong) · 廳 • (cheong) (hangeul 청)
|administrative headquarters
|Hán-Nôm : sảnh • Hán-Nôm : thinh • Hán-Nôm : thính
|
|
|廳
|-
|弁
|Ideogram (指事) : 厶 + 廾: hands (廾) placing a hat (厶) on someone’s head. \ ; “cap; to wear a cap; low-ranking military officer; to place before or above” ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bin⁶ • Middle-Chinese : bjenH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pun⁴
|conical cap worn during the Zhou dynasty • (of a man) to wear a cap (usually to indicate adulthood) • (historical) low-ranking military officer • to place before or above • quick; rushed • to panic; to shudder • Alternative form of 卞 (biàn, “to wrestle with bare hands”) • Alternative form of 卞 (Biàn, “a county in Shandong”) • a surname ‖ happy
| ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖ 弁(べん) • (ben) ‖ 弁(べん) • (ben) ‖ 弁(べん) • (-ben)
|hat ‖ to distinguish ‖ petal • valve ‖ speech ‖ Extended shinjitai form of 辮 ‖ Extended shinjitai form of 辦 ‖ discrimination ‖ petal • valve ‖ dialect
|弁 • (byeon, ban) · 弁 • (byeon, ban) (hangeul 변, 반, revised byeon, ban, McCune–Reischauer pyŏn, pan, Yale pyen, pan)
|
|
|嬋 (eum 선 (seon))
|Hán-Nôm : biền • Hán-Nôm : biện
|
|
|弁
|-
|弗
|Pictogram (象形) – two arrows, tied together to be straightened. \ Later borrowed phonetically to mean “no”. The derivative 拂 (OC *pʰɯd) stands for the original word. \ ; not (verb) him/her/it ‖ According to Pan (2002), a labiodentalized and checked variant of 不 (OC *pɯ, *pɯʔ, *pɯ'). \ In certain varieties the initial has gained voicing and in some cases caused the word shifted to yang tones, either restricted to specific syntactical positions or in all contexts. \ See also 勿 (veq).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fat¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hut • Middle-Chinese : pjut ‖
|(Classical) not • Used in 弗弗. • Alternative form of 祓 (fú) • ^† to straighten; to correct • Used in transcription. ‖ (Wu) Alternative form of 勿 (“not”)
| ‖ 弗(ふつ) or 弗(フツ) • (futsu) ‖
|fluorine • the dollar sign ($) ‖ (chemistry, chemical elements) fluorine, fluoride ‖
|弗 (eumhun 아닐 불 (anil bul))
|Repurposed for its visual similarity to the dollar symbol $.
|Hán-Nôm : phất
|
|
|嬋
|弗
|-
|-
|嬌
|弛
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : giu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiau
|
|pampered; spoiled • seductive and loveable • tender; delicate • beautiful woman; beauty; lovely lady • to dote on; to make a pet of
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tî • Middle-Chinese : syeX
|(literary) to unstring a bow; to slacken a bowstring • to loosen; to slacken; to relax • to fall off; to fall out of use • (literary) to delay; to defer • (literary) to remove; to abolish • (literary) to ruin; to damage
|
|
|seductive
|to loosen
|嬌 • (gyo) · 嬌 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo)
|弛 • (i, chi) · 弛 • (i, chi) (hangeul 이, 치, revised i, chi, McCune–Reischauer i, ch'i, Yale i, chi)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : thỉ
|
|
|嬌
|弛
|-
|-
|嬝
|彈
|Characters in the same phonetic series (單) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *daːn, *daːns) : semantic 弓 + phonetic 單 (OC *taːn, *djan, *djanʔ, *djans). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (單) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *daːn, *daːns) : semantic 弓 + phonetic 單 (OC *taːn, *djan, *djanʔ, *djans).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : daan⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuânn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuānn • Middle-Chinese : dan ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : daan⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : daan⁶⁻² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuânn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuānn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thân • Middle-Chinese : danH
|to shoot (with a slingshot); to catapult; to eject • to flick; to fluff; to strike • (music) to play (a stringed musical instrument) • to spring; to leap; to be elastic • to accuse; to criticise; to expose • (traditional Chinese medicine) to puncture • (of tear) to fall • to weigh • (Eastern Min) to shine • (Eastern Min) to look at oneself in the mirror) • (Southern Min) to blather; to speak nonsense ‖ shot; pellet • slingshot • Alternative form of 蛋 (dàn, “egg”) • bullet; shot • bomb; shell
|
|
|
|
|彈 • (tan) · 彈 • (tan) (hangeul 탄, McCune–Reischauer t'an, Yale than)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : đạn • Hán-Nôm : đàn • Hán-Nôm : đằn • Hán-Nôm : đan • Hán-Nôm : đận • Hán-Nôm : rờn
|
|
|彈
|-
|彙
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢruds) : semantic 㣇 + abbreviated phonetic 胃 (OC *ɢuds). \ ;hedgehog \ :Its graph is also used to 彙／汇 (huì, “category, class”), which is perhaps a variant of 類／类 (lèi) without the latter's l- initial. Also note 彙／汇 (huì, “hedgehog”)'s Cantonese pronunciation leoi⁶.(Bodman, 1980; Schuessler, 2007) \ :Sino-Tibetan; cognate with Mizo kuh (“porcupine's quill, porcupine”) and Mizo sakuh (“porcupine”). In Tibeto-Burman cognates *k- is seemingly a prefix.(Schuessler, 2007) \ ;category, class \ :If 彙 (OC *wəs) were related to 類 (OC *rus), it may be a form whose initial *r- had been treated as a prefix and dropped.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luī • Middle-Chinese : hjw+jH
|Alternative form of 蝟／猬 (wèi, “hedgehog”) • to gather; to assemble • collection; class; category
| ‖ 彙(い) • (i) ^(←ゐ (wi)?)
|hedgehog • collection, compilation ‖ to sort and collect; collection, compilation, group
|彙 (eumhun 모을 휘 (mo'eul hwi))
|hanja form of 휘 (“collection”)
|Hán-Nôm : vừng • Hán-Nôm : vị • Hán-Nôm : vựng • Hán-Nôm : hối
|
|
|彙
|-
|彤
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tông • Middle-Chinese : downg
|(literary) red; vermilion • a surname
|
|
|嬝
|red • vermilion
|彤 • (dong) · 彤 • (dong) (hangeul 동, revised dong, McCune–Reischauer tong, Yale tong)
|red, vermilion • name of an ancient state
|Hán-Nôm : đồng
|
|彤
|-
|-
|嬤
|彪
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mo¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maa⁴
|Only used in 嬤嬤／嬷嬷 (mómo).
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : biu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiu • Middle-Chinese : pjiw
|^‡ tiger stripes • ^‡ Asian golden cat (Catopuma temminckii) • (literary, by extension) to be full of literary grace or bright colors • (literary) tiger; small tiger • (figuratively, of a person) big and tall; strong; stalwart • (literary) clear; evident; obvious • Classifier for detachment of troops. • a surname
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|
|
|
|彪 • (pyo) · 彪 • (pyo) (hangeul 표, revised pyo, McCune–Reischauer p'yo, Yale phyo)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : bưu
|
|
|嬤
|彪
|-
|-
|嬪
|彫
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ban³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pan⁴
|(historical) court lady • (historical) palace maid • (archaic) a posthumous name for wives in Zhou ritual
|
|
|
|
|嬪 (eumhun 아내 빈 (anae bin))
|Hanja form of 빈 (“court lady”).
|
|
|嬪
|-
|嬰
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jing¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : enn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : inn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ing
|baby; infant • necklace • to put on; to wear • to surround • to entangle; to fetter • to suffer • to offend • to exert • a surname
| ‖ 嬰(えい) • (ei) ‖ 嬰(えい) • (ei)
|young child, newborn child • used as western symbol ♯ sharp to mark the accidentals of musical notes • necklace • put around one's neck ‖ newborn baby; infant • surround ‖ (music) sharp (♯)
|嬰 • (yeong) · 嬰 • (yeong) (hangeul 영, revised yeong, McCune–Reischauer yŏng)
|
|
|carve • engrave • chisel
|彫 • (jo) · 彫 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho, Yale co)
|
|Hán-Nôm : điêu • Hán-Nôm : đêu
|
|
|嬰
|彫
|-
|-
|嬴
|彬
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jing⁴
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *prɯn) : abbreviated phonetic 焚 (OC *bun) + semantic 彡. \ Alternatively may be phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *prɯn) : abbreviated phonetic 棼 (OC *bɯn) + semantic 彡.
|(obsolete) to have a surplus; to be full • (obsolete) to bear; to take responsibility • a surname (no longer common since Han dynasty)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ban¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pin • Middle-Chinese : pin
|elegant; refined • a surname
| ‖ 彬(あきら) • (Akira)
|refined ‖ a male given name
|
|
|to win • to have a surplus
|bright
|嬴 • (yeong) · 嬴 • (yeong) (hangeul 영, revised yeong, McCune–Reischauer yŏng)
|Hán-Nôm : băn • Hán-Nôm : bận • Hán-Nôm : bân
|to be full of
|
|
|嬴
|彬
|-
|-
|嬸
|彭
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄣˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄣˇㄦ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sam² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsím • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sím
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 壴 (“drum”) + 彡 (“visualization of the sound of drumming”) – sound of drumming. \ Shuowen considers it to be a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) where 彡 (OC *sroːm, *slom) acts as the phonetic component. ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 壴 (“drum”) + 彡 (“visualization of the sound of drumming”) – sound of drumming. \ Shuowen considers it to be a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) where 彡 (OC *sroːm, *slom) acts as the phonetic component. ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 壴 (“drum”) + 彡 (“visualization of the sound of drumming”) – sound of drumming. \ Shuowen considers it to be a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) where 彡 (OC *sroːm, *slom) acts as the phonetic component.
|paternal aunt (wife of father's younger brother)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phînn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phênn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phîng • Middle-Chinese : baeng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pong⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bong¹
|(onomatopoeia, obsolete) sound of drumming • Name of an ancient country. • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 旁 (“side; near”) ‖ Only used in 彭彭.
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|
|
|
|彭 • (paeng, bang) · 彭 • (paeng, bang) (hangeul 팽, 방, revised paeng, bang, McCune–Reischauer p'aeng, pang, Yale phayng, pang)
|
|
|canonical : 彭: Hán Việt readings: bành 彭: Nôm readings: bành • canonical : phình
|Chữ Hán form of Bành (“a surname from Chinese.”). • Nôm form of bành.
|彭
|-
|很
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯːnʔ) : semantic 彳 + phonetic 艮 (OC *kɯːns). \ “Cruel (~ 狠); to disobey; to defy” > “very; quite” (since Yuan dynasty). Compare 蠻／蛮 (mán).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : han² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄣˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hún • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hín • Middle-Chinese : honX
|very; rather; quite • (Mandarin, especially before monosyllabic adjectives) (no meaning, see usage note) • (obsolete, original senses) · to disobey; to defy; to be querulous • (obsolete, original senses) · struggle; dispute; lawsuit • (obsolete, original senses) · to try to one's utmost • (obsolete) Alternative form of 狠 (hěn, “cruel; savage; inhumane”).
|
|
|
|
|嬸
|很 (eumhun 패려궂을 흔 (paeryeogujeul heun))
|-
|孀
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : soeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : song • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sng
|widow
|
|
|widow
|Hán-Nôm : ngận • Hán-Nôm : hẩn
|孀 (eum 상 (sang))
|widow
|
|
|孀
|很
|-
|-
|孑
|徊
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kit³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : git³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiat
| ‖ For pronunciation and definitions of 徊 – see 回 (“to turn around; to return; to go back; etc.”). \ (This character is a variant form of 回). \ Possibly a contraction of 遐的 (hia-ê / hiah-ê).
|alone; lonely • left-over; remaining • Used in 孑孓 (jiéjué). • a surname
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wui⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huâi • Middle-Chinese : hwoj ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : huâi
|Only used in 徘徊 (páihuái). ‖ (Hokkien) those
|
|
|wander
|徊 • (hoe) · 徊 • (hoe) (hangeul 회, revised hoe, McCune–Reischauer hoe, Yale hoy)
|
|
|孑 (eum 혈 (hyeol))
|Hán-Nôm : hồi • Hán-Nôm : hòi
|
|
|
|孑
|徊
|-
|-
|孓
|徑
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kyut³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gung²
|missing one's left arm • short • Used in 孑孓 (jiéjué). ‖ Only used in 孑孓 (jiéjué).
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ging³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaang³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kìng • Middle-Chinese : kengH
|path; road • way • directly • (geometry) diameter
|
|
|path • diameter • method
|徑 (eumhun 지름길 경 (jireumgil gyeong))
|hanja form of 경 (“shortcut, path”)
|Hán-Nôm : kính • Hán-Nôm : kinh
|
|
|徑
|-
|徘
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pui⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pâi • Middle-Chinese : bwoj
|Only used in 徘徊 (páihuái, “walk back and forth, hesitate”).
|
|
|孓
|-
|孚
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu¹
|Original character of 俘 (fú) • Original character of 蜉 (fú) • Alternative form of 孵 (fū) • Alternative form of 稃 (fū) ‖ (literary) to convince; to gain trust • (literary) trust; confidence • (used in oracle bone) Alternative form of 俘 (fú) • Alternative form of 浮 (fú) • Alternative form of 莩 • Alternative form of 付 (fù)
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|
|sincere; nourish
|徘 • (bae) · 徘 • (bae) (hangeul 배, revised bae, McCune–Reischauer pae, Yale pay)
|孚 (eum 부 (bu))
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|Hán-Nôm : bồi
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|孚
|徘
|-
|-
|孜
|徙
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsu
|The erroneous variant form 𢓊 (left) and ancient form 𡲴 (right) in small seal script, as depicted within the Shuowen Jiezi. \ During the Zhou dynasty, 徙 was represented with the phonetic borrowing 屎 (OC *hliʔ, *hri, “excrement”), with the components 辵 and 止 later being added to differentiate the character used to represent "migration". During the Warring States period, the earlier forms of 屎 consisting of 小 or 少 components (as seen in and ) had these portions transform into 米, however 徙 continued to retain the 少 form. The Chu script form of 屎 corrupted into a form with the 尸 ("body") component becoming 尾 ("tail"), while the Qin script form of 徙 omitted the 尸 component of 屎 and left only 少 remaining. Li Shoukui (2015) however argues that the Chu script ⿸尾少 may not actually be cognate to ⿸尸少 (and ergo 屎). The clerical script form inherited the Qin script form, however had the 少 component mutate into another 止, which coincidentally resulted in the clerical form matching the same character structure as 歨 (the Shang dynasty form of 步) with an additional 彳 component. \ Shuowen Jiezi erroneously takes this mutated clerical script form of 徙 with two 止 components, and claims that it is a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *selʔ) : semantic 辵 (“walk”) + phonetic 止 (OC *kjɯʔ). It also omits one of the 止 components to create an alternative form 𢓊, however no such character exists in ancient writing (although coincidentally it has a similar shape to the Shang and Zhou 延). Hu Houxuan (1981) states that the "ancient script" form of 徙 in Shuowen, 𡲴, comes from a corruption of the variant form featuring 尾 in place of 尸, but with the tail portion misrepresented as 火. For this reason, the "ancient script" forms of 徙 provided in Shuowen are extremely corrupted. \ Li Jiahao (2010) notes that the ancient form of 屎, namely ⿸尸少, may potentially suggest that 徙 is a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *selʔ) : semantic 辵 (“walk”) + abbreviated phonetic 沙 (OC *sraːl, *sraːls).
|Alternative form of 孜孜 (zīzī)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saai² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suá • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sí • Middle-Chinese : sjeX
|to move one's abode; to shift; to migrate; to relocate • to substitute; to transplant; to swap • (Hakka, Hokkien, Teochew) to move (an object)
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|
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|孜 (eum 자 (ja))
|徙 • (sa) · 徙 • (sa) (hangeul 사)
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|
|Hán-Nôm : si • Hán-Nôm : tỉ
|
|
|孜
|徙
|-
|-
|学
|從
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 辵 (“walk”) + 从 (“follow”). \ Etymology not certain. Perhaps cognate with Tibetan རྫོང་བ (rdzong ba, “to dispatch; to dismiss”) (Schuessler, 2007). Alternatively, compare Tibetan སྟོངས་པ (stongs pa, “to accompany”), or perhaps 送 (OC *sloːŋs, “to escort; to send”). \ Pronunciation 2 is a derivation of pronunciation 1. ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 辵 (“walk”) + 从 (“follow”). \ Etymology not certain. Perhaps cognate with Tibetan རྫོང་བ (rdzong ba, “to dispatch; to dismiss”) (Schuessler, 2007). Alternatively, compare Tibetan སྟོངས་པ (stongs pa, “to accompany”), or perhaps 送 (OC *sloːŋs, “to escort; to send”). \ Pronunciation 2 is a derivation of pronunciation 1. ‖  ‖  ‖
|Cantonese · Jyutping : cung⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsn̂g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiông • Middle-Chinese : dzjowng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄥˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zung⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiōng • Middle-Chinese : dzjowngH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄥˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sung¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiong • Middle-Chinese : tshjowng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄥˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zung¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zung³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiòng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiong
|to follow; to come after • to comply with; to submit to • to follow the principle of • to join; to be engaged in • from (a place or time); since • through; via; by • from; according to • (followed by negative) never; ever • 19th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "following" (𝌘) • a surname ‖ (of relatives) paternal (with the same surname) • auxiliary; subsidiary • follower; attendant; entourage ‖ Only used in 從容／从容 (cóngróng, “calm; at ease”). ‖ Alternative form of 縱／纵 (“straight; vertical”) • Alternative form of 縱／纵 (“to give free reign to”) ‖ Alternative form of 蹤／踪 (zōng)
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|
|
|
| ‖ 学(がく) • (gaku) ‖ 学(がく) • (-gaku) ‖ 学(さとる) or 学(まなぶ) or 学(まこと) • (Satoru or Manabu or Makoto)
|從 (eumhun 좇을 종 (jocheul jong)) ‖ 從 (eum 종 (jong))
|education, study, learn • school • science ‖ scholarship; learning; knowledge ‖ -ology; -ics; study of... ‖ a male given name
|hanja form of 종 (“to follow; to pursue”) • hanja form of 종 (“to obey; to comply”) • hanja form of 종 (“from; since”) ‖ hanja form of 종 (“prefix indicating cousinhood”)
|学 (eumhun 배울 학 (bae'ul hak))
|Hán-Nôm : tòng • Hán-Nôm : tùng • Hán-Nôm : thủng • Hán-Nôm : tuồng • Hán-Nôm : thong • Hán-Nôm : thung • Hán-Nôm : thùng • Hán-Nôm : tồng • Hán-Nôm : tụng
|Alternative form of 學 (“Hanja form of 학 (“to learn”).”)
|
|
|学
|從
|-
|-
|孱
|徵
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caan³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaan⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢˋ
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 彳 (“movement”) + 𭖒 (“knife”) + 攵 (“to strike”) – originally meaning punishment. \ Originally written as 𭖒 in oracle bone script; pictogram (象形) of a knife with tooth-shaped protrusions on the back. Variants which added 止 (“foot”) were common. In bronze inscriptions, 彳 was often added to the character as well. In bamboo slips, 止 was replaced with 攵, arriving at the modern form. \ Related to 證 (OC *tjɯŋs). ‖
|(literary) weak; small; frail; feeble • meager; mean; shallow • cautious ‖ Only used in 孱頭／孱头 (càntou, “coward; weakling”). ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zing¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ting • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tin • Middle-Chinese : tring ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi² • Middle-Chinese : triX
|to convene; to assemble • to collect • to solicit; to ask for • to inquire; to query • to verify; to prove • (literary) evidence • phenomenon; symptom • a surname ‖ (music) the fourth tone in the ancient Chinese pentatonic scale, comparable to sol in the Western solfège system
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|徵 • (jing, chi) · 徵 • (jing, chi) (hangeul 징, 치, revised jing, chi, McCune–Reischauer ching, ch'i, Yale cing, chi)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : trưng • Hán-Nôm : chưng • Hán-Nôm : chủy • Hán-Nôm : chuỷ • Hán-Nôm : rưng • Hán-Nôm : trâng
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|
|孱 (eum 잔 (jan))
|徵
|-
|徽
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hmɯl) : abbreviated phonetic 微 (OC *mɯl) + semantic 糸 (“cloth”).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : fai¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hui • Middle-Chinese : xjw+j
|^† rope; cord • ^† to tie; to bind • badge; emblem; insignia • crest; logo; coat of arms • flag; banner • (literary) fine; beautiful; glorious • ^† strings on a guqin • (of the guqin) white dots made of mother-of-pearl inlaid onto the surface board, marking the harmonic positions • ^† to play the guqin • Short for 安徽 (Ānhuī). • Short for 徽州 (Huīzhōu).
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|
|good • beautiful • badge
|徽 • (hwi) · 徽 • (hwi) (hangeul 휘, revised hwi, McCune–Reischauer hwi, Yale hwi)
|a badge, insignia
|Hán-Nôm : huy
|
|
|孱
|徽
|-
|-
|孳
|忱
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsu
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|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sam⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sîm • Middle-Chinese : dzyim
|sincerity; honesty; sincere feeling • a surname
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|
|
|孳 • (ja) · 孳 • (ja) (hangeul 자, revised ja, McCune–Reischauer cha)
|忱 (eum 침 (chim))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : thầm
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|孳
|忱
|-
|-
|孺
|忿
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jû
|^† young and small • ^† young child
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|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan² • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hùn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hún • Middle-Chinese : phjunX • Middle-Chinese : phjunH
|to be angry; to be indignant; to hate • Alternative form of 奮／奋 (fèn, “to dash ahead”)
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|
|孺 (eum 유 (yu))
|be angry
|忿 (eum 분 (bun))
|get angry • fury • exasperation
|Hán-Nôm : phẫn
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|
|忿
|-
|怎
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : phonetic 乍 (OC *zraːɡs) + semantic 心 (“heart”). \ First attested in the word 怎生 [10th c.] (Yuan et al., 1996). \ Contraction of 作 (MC tsak) + some variant of 物 (MC mjut, “thing; what”), literally “to do what” (Norman, 1988). This is evidenced in forms found in the Tang and Song dynasties (Yuan et al., 1996): 作勿生 (MC tsak mjut sraeng) [8th c.], 作沒生 (MC tsak mwot sraeng) [8th c.], 作摩 (MC tsak ma) [10th c.], 作麼 (MC tsak maX) [10th c.].
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zam² • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaam² • Cantonese · Jyutping : dim² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuánn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsài • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsáinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsá • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuá • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsái • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsím • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsérm
|how; why • what
|
|
|孺
|-
|孿
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄢˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lyun⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : syun³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luân
|twins
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|
|twins
|孿 (eum 산 (san))
|twins
|twins
|孿
|-
|宝
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|
| ‖ 宝(たから) • (takara)
|Hán-Nôm : chẩm • Hán-Nôm : chẩn • Hán-Nôm : tẩn • Hán-Nôm : trẫm
|precious objects • worldly goods • valuable possessions ‖ treasure
|宝 • (bo) · 宝 • (bo) (hangeul 보, revised bo, McCune–Reischauer po)
|jewel
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|
|宝
|怎
|-
|-
|宥
|怔
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iū
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjeŋ) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 正 (OC *tjeŋ, *tjeŋs) ‖
|forgive, pardon, indulge
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zing¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsing • Middle-Chinese : tsyeng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zing¹
|(used in compounds) terrified; seized with terror; panic-stricken ‖ (regional) to stare blankly; to be in a daze
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|
|soothe • calm • pacify
|宥 (eum 유 (yu))
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|
|怔 (eum 정 (jeong))
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|宥
|Hán-Nôm : chinh
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|怔
|-
|-
|寐
|怕
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mī
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰraːɡs, *pʰraːɡ) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 白 (OC *braːɡ). \ Cognate with 怖 (OC *pʰaːs) (Wang, 1982; Schuessler, 2007). Compare Proto-Kuki-Chin *phoo(k/ŋ) (“to startle; to alarm; to wake up”), whence Mizo phâwk (“to startle; to frighten”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007). Also compare Proto-Monic *phiic (“to be afraid”), whence Mon ဖေက် (“to fear”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖
|(literary) to sleep • (archaic, euphemistic) to die • a surname
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phànn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phà • Middle-Chinese : phaeH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Middle-Chinese : phaek
|to fear; to be afraid of; to dread • to worry; to be concerned • to be unable to withstand • perhaps; supposedly; fearfully; I'm afraid that • (Northern Wu) ugly • a surname ‖ (literary) Alternative form of 泊 (“indifferent to fame or gain”)
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|
|
|
|寐 • (mae) · 寐 • (mae) (hangeul 매, revised mae, McCune–Reischauer mae)
|怕 (eumhun 두려워할 파 (duryeowohal pa)) · 怕 (eumhun 담담할 백 (damdamhal baek))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : phạ
|
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|寐
|怕
|-
|-
|寝
|怡
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : î • Middle-Chinese : yi
|amiable and cheerful • cheerful; happy; joyous
| ‖ 怡(い) • (i)
| ‖ rejoice; enjoy
|怡 • (i) · 怡 • (i) (hangeul 이, revised i, McCune–Reischauer i, Yale i)
|
|
| ‖ 寝(ね) • (ne) ‖ 寝(ぬ) • (nu) intransitive ^†nidan ‖ 寝(い) • (i) ‖ 寝(しん) • (shin) ‖ 寝(しん) • (shin)
|Hán-Nôm : di
| ‖ sleep, sleeping ‖ (archaic) to sleep ‖ (obsolete) sleep, sleeping ‖ sleep, sleeping ‖ sleep, sleeping • inner parlor/parlour, living room
|寝 • (chim) · 寝 • (chim) (hangeul 침, revised chim, McCune–Reischauer ch'im)
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|
|
|怡
|寝
|-
|-
|寤
|怯
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ng⁶
|(literary) to wake up; to awake • (alt. form 悟) to become aware; to realize; to awaken
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|
|
|寤 • (o) · 寤 • (o) (hangeul 오, revised o, McCune–Reischauer o)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄝˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hip³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiap • Middle-Chinese : khjaep
|timid; cowardly • to fear; to be afraid of • (dialectal) vulgar; tawdry • weak; feeble
|
|
|to be scared, to be frightened • timid; cowardly
|怯 (eumhun 겁(怯)낼 겁 (geomnael geop))
|fear, fright
|Hán-Nôm : khiếp • Hán-Nôm : khép
|
|
|寤
|怯
|-
|-
|寵
|恃
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cung² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thíng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thióng
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djɯʔ) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 寺 (OC *ljɯs)
|to spoil; to pamper; to favour • respect; honour; glory • favour; love • favourite • concubine • a surname
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : si⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sī • Middle-Chinese : dzyiX
|rely on, presume on, trust to • (Classical) mother
|
|
|
|
|寵 • (chong, ryong) · 寵 • (chong, ryong) (hangeul 총, 룡, revised chong, ryong, McCune–Reischauer ch'ong, ryong, Yale chong, lyong)
|恃 (eum 시 (si))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : thị
|
|
|寵
|恃
|-
|-
|寿
|恍
|
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷaːŋ, *qʰʷaːŋʔ) : semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 光 (OC *kʷaːŋ, *kʷaːŋs).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fong² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hóng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huánn • Middle-Chinese : kwang
|seemingly, as if (often used with 如 (rú), 若 (ruò)) • absent-minded • Used in 恍惚 (huǎnghū) and 惚恍 (hūhuǎng).
|
|
| ‖ 寿(じゅ) • (ju) ‖ 寿(ことぶき) • (kotobuki) ‖ 寿(ことほぎ) • (kotohogi) ‖ 寿(ひさし) • (Hisashi)
|unclear • senile • stupid • joke
|longevity; long life • congratulations ‖ years of age ‖ congratulations, felicitations • something worthy of congratulations • long life, longevity ‖ congratulations, felicitations • something worthy of congratulations • long life, longevity ‖ a male given name
|恍 • (hwang) · 恍 • (hwang) (hangeul 황, McCune–Reischauer hwang, Yale hwang)
|寿 (eum 수 (su))
|seemingly • absent-minded
|Alternative form of 壽
|Hán-Nôm : hoảng • Hán-Nôm : đoảng
|
|
|寿
|恍
|-
|将
| ‖  ‖
| ‖  ‖
| ‖ 将(しょう) • (shō) ^(←しやう (syau)?) ‖ 将(しょう) • (shō) ^(←しやう (syau)?) ‖ 将(しょう) • (Shō) ^(←しやう (syau)?) ‖ 将(すすむ) • (Susumu) ‖ 将(まさる) • (Masaru) ‖ 将(ひとし) • (Hitoshi)
| ‖ a commander • a general, admiral, or other high-ranking officer, especially of the Japan Self-Defense Forces • (historical) a rank in the 近衛府 (Konoe-fu, “office of the imperial guard during the Nara period”) ‖ commander, general, leader • military rank • take, hold • from now on, in the future ‖ a female given name ‖ a male given name ‖ a male given name ‖ a male given name
|将 (eumhun 장수 장 (jangsu jang))
|Alternative form of 將 (장 (jang))
|chữ Hán form of tương (“Alternative form of 將”).
|将
|-
|-
|尷
|恒
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄢ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaam¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaam³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kam
|Only used in 尷尬／尴尬 (gāngà, “embarrassed; embarrassing”). • (Hong Kong Cantonese, neologism) Short for 尷尬.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ‖ 恒(つね) • (tsune) ‖ 恒(ひさし) • (Hisashi)
|always, constant ‖ constant, always • usual, ordinary, everyday, normal ‖ a male given name
|恒 • (hang, geung) · 恒 • (hang, geung) (hangeul 항, 긍, revised hang, geung, McCune–Reischauer hang, kŭng, Yale hang, kung)
|
|
|尷
|-
|尹
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ún • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ín
|to govern; oversee • director • a surname
|
|
|director (of the ritsuryō-period Imperial Prosecuting and Investigating Office)
|尹 (eumhun 성 윤 (seong yun))
|a surname
|
|
|尹
|恒
|-
|-
|尽
|恢
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *km̥ʰɯː) : semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 灰 (OC *hmɯː).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fui¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khue • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hue • Hokkien · Tai-lo : he • Middle-Chinese : khwoj
|extensive; vast • to expand; to enlarge • to restore; to recover
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|
|
|
|恢 (eum 회 (hoe))
|
|
|exhaust • use up • run out of • deplete • befriend • serve
|Hán-Nôm : khôi
|尽 • (jin) · 尽 • (jin) (hangeul 진)
|exhaust, use up • deplete
|
|
|尽
|恢
|-
|-
|届
|恤
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seot¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sut • Middle-Chinese : swit ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : seot¹
|to misgive • to sympathize • to compensate • (archaic) to mind; to be concerned in ‖ (Cantonese) bolt; latch • (Cantonese) to bolt; to latch
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| ‖ 届(とどけ) • (-todoke)
|恤 • (hyul) · 恤 • (hyul) (hangeul 휼, revised hyul, McCune–Reischauer hyul, Yale hyul)
| ‖ report, notice, registration
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|
|Hán-Nôm : tuất
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|恤
|-
|恬
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'eːm) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + abbreviated phonetic 甜 (OC *l'iːm). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tim⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tim⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiâm • Middle-Chinese : dem ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiām • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiǎm
|quiet; calm; tranquil; peaceful • simple and contented; indifferent to fame or gain • unperturbed; indifferent; not caring of ‖ (Southern Min, Hakka) quiet; silent; calm
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|届
|nonchalant
|-
|恬 • (nyeom>yeom) · 恬 • (nyeom>yeom) (hangeul 념>염, revised nyeom>yeom, McCune–Reischauer nyŏm>yŏm, Yale nyem>yem)
|屍
|Cantonese · Jyutping : si¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˋ
|corpse; carcass (Classifier: 具; 條／条 c) ‖ ^‡
| ‖ 屍(かばね) • (kabane) ‖ 屍(しかばね) • (shikabane)
|corpse, cadaver ‖ a corpse, a cadaver ‖ a corpse, a cadaver
|屍 • (si) · 屍 • (si) (hangeul 시, revised si, McCune–Reischauer si)
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|
|Hán-Nôm : điềm • Hán-Nôm : đềm
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|
|屍
|恬
|-
|-
|屐
|恰
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kek⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kia̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiā
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰruːb) : semantic 忄 + phonetic 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb). ‖  ‖  ‖
|(Classical, Cantonese, Hakka or Min) clogs; wooden shoes
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khap • Middle-Chinese : kheap ‖  ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : hap¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄚˋ
|exactly; just • appropriate; suitable ‖ (Eastern Min) too; so ‖ (Cantonese) to bully ‖ (dialectal or Internet slang) Pronunciation spelling of 吃.
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|
|
|
|屐 • (geuk) · 屐 • (geuk) (hangeul 극, revised geuk, McCune–Reischauer kŭk)
|恰 (eum 흡 (heup))
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|
|Hán-Nôm : kháp
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|
|屐
|恰
|-
|-
|屜
|悄
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tai³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thè
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰewʔ) : semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 肖 (OC *slew, *slews).
|drawer • tray • pad • screen
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ciu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ciu⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ciu³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiáu • Middle-Chinese : tshjewX
|quiet; silent • (literary) sad; worried
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|
|悄 (eum 초 (cho))
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|
|Hán-Nôm : tiếu • Hán-Nôm : tiêu • Hán-Nôm : tẹo • Hán-Nôm : tiễu • Hán-Nôm : tịu
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|
|悄
|屜
|-
|-
|属
|悉
|
|From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sjej-s (“to know; to understand”) (STEDT). Compare with Tibetan ཤེས་པ (shes pa, “to understand; to know”), Burmese သိ (si., “to know”), Mizo thei (“can; to be able”), Chepang चीःसा (ciʔ‑, “to know; to understand”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sit • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sik • Middle-Chinese : sit
|to know; to learn; to be informed of • to use up; to exhaust • all; fully; entirely • detailed
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|
| ‖ 属(ぞく) • (zoku)
|class, category, type • belong to • genus ‖ (taxonomy) a genus
|
|
|悉 • (sil) · 悉 • (sil) (hangeul 실, revised sil, McCune–Reischauer sil, Yale sil)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tạt • Hán-Nôm : dứt • Hán-Nôm : tất • Hán-Nôm : tắt
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|
|属
|悉
|-
|-
|岌
|悍
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kap¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gap⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngap⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gi̍p
|(literary) lofty; towering • Used in 岌岌 (jíjí, “perilous”). • Used in 岦岌.
|
|
|
|岌 (eumhun 높을 급 (nopeul geup))
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hon⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hon⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hān • Middle-Chinese : hanH
|brave; bold • fierce; ferocious • vigorous; valiant
| ‖ 悍(かん) • (kan)
| ‖ ferocious; fierce
|悍 • (han) · 悍 • (han) (hangeul 한, revised han, McCune–Reischauer han, Yale han)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : hãn
|
|
|岌
|悍
|-
|-
|岑
|悖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sam⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gîm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khîm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsîm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshîm
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bɯːds, *bɯːd) : semantic 忄 + phonetic 孛 (OC *bɯːds, *bɯːd). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bɯːds, *bɯːd) : semantic 忄 + phonetic 孛 (OC *bɯːds, *bɯːd). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bɯːds, *bɯːd) : semantic 忄 + phonetic 孛 (OC *bɯːds, *bɯːd).
|(literary) small but tall hill • (obsolete) high • a surname
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bui⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bui³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puē • Middle-Chinese : bwojH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : but⁶ • Middle-Chinese : bwot ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄟˇ
|to go against, to be contrary to • perverse; erroneous • confused; puzzled • to rebel; to revolt • to screen; to cover ‖ Alternative form of 勃 (bó, “prosperous; thriving”) ‖ ^‡ stubborn; obstinate
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|
|peak, mountaintop • used in names
|岑 • (jam, eum) · 岑 • (jam, eum) (hangeul 잠, 음, revised jam, eum, McCune–Reischauer cham, ŭm)
|
|
|悖 (eumhun 거스를 패 (geoseureul pae))
|hanja form of 패 (“go against”)
|Hán-Nôm : bội
|
|
|岑
|悖
|-
|-
|岫
|悦
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zau⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siū
|mountain peak • cave; cavern • (Southern Min) nest, den or lair of animals
| ‖ 岫(くき) • (kuki) ‖ 岫(しゅう) • (shū)
|cave • summit ‖ (archaic or obsolete) cave • (archaic or obsolete) summit, mountaintop ‖ (rare) cave
|岫 • (su) · 岫 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su)
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|
|
|
|岫
|-
|岱
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : doi⁶
|a nickname for Mount Tai (Daishan), one of the Five Sacred Mountains in China
|
|
| ‖ 悦(えつ) • (etsu) ‖ 悦(えつ) • (etsu)
|ecstasy ‖ joy; pleasure; delight ‖ (literary) rejoicing; happiness
|悦 • (yeol) · 悦 • (yeol) (hangeul 열, revised yeol, McCune–Reischauer yŏl, Yale yel)
|
|
|岱 • (dae) · 岱 • (dae) (hangeul 대, revised dae, McCune–Reischauer tae)
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|
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|岱
|悦
|-
|-
|岷
|您
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : man⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bîn
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 你 (“you”) + 心 (“heart”). 心 (MC sim) may also phonetically signify the original -m ending (Yuan et al., 1996). \ This character was not listed in Sui/Tang rhyme books. First attested in Jin/Yuan-era literature, when it was also written as 恁 and probably pronounced as *nim at the time (Lü, 1940; Norman, 1988). The pronoun was used both in the singular and the plural. \ The pronoun used in Jin/Yuan-era literature is generally thought to be a fusion of 你們／你们 (nǐmen, “you (plural)”) or 你每 (nǐměi, “you (plural)”) (Lü, 1940; Norman, 1988). Compare 怹 (tān, “he, she (polite)”) ( < 他們／他们 (tāmen, “they”)). \ The honorific usage may simply be a development of the plural usage (Norman, 1988); compare English you, French vous. However, others have argued for a different etymology for the honorific pronoun. Wang (1984) and Lü (1985) argue that it is a contraction of 你老 (“you (honorific for seniors)”): /ni lau/ → /nil/ → /nin/. Alternatively, Zhang (2001) suggests that it comes from 仁 (MC nyin), an honorific used in Buddhist texts from the Han dynasty. \ In Cantonese and Hakka, this character is simply read as 你; in Teochew, it is read as 汝.
|(～江) Min River (a river in Sichuan Province, China) • (～山) Min Mountains (a mountain range in Sichuan and Gansu Provinces, China)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄣˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lín
|(polite, honorific, sometimes sarcastic) you (usually singular, may be plural) • (archaic or dialectal) you (plural) • (archaic) thou; you (singular)
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|
|You
|
|
|岷 (eum 민 (min))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : nâm
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|
|岷
|您
|-
|-
|峙
|悴
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : si⁶
|to stand erect; to tower • underwater mound ‖ Only used in 繁峙 (Fánshì, “Fanshi”).
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuī • Middle-Chinese : dzwijH
|sad; distressed; despondent • haggard; pallid
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|
|峙 (eum 치 (chi))
|
|
|悴 (eum 췌 (chwe))
|
|
|峙
|Hán-Nôm : xót
|
|悴
|-
|-
|峡
|惋
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun² • Cantonese · Jyutping : wun² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uán • Middle-Chinese : 'wanH
|to sigh; to regret • troubled; sorrowful
|
|
|regret • be sorry • alarmed
|惋 (eum 완 (wan))
|
|
|gorge • ravine
|Hán-Nôm : uyển
|
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|惋
|-
|惕
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tik¹ • Middle-Chinese : thek
|alert; watchful; cautious; careful
|
|
|
|
|峡
|惕 • (cheok) · 惕 • (cheok) (hangeul 척, revised cheok, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏk, Yale chek)
|-
|峪
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : juk⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁶
|valley; ravine
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : thích • Hán-Nôm : rẻ • Hán-Nôm : dịch
|
|
|惕
|-
|惡
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qaː, *qaːɡs, *qaːɡ) : phonetic 亞 (OC *qraːɡs) + semantic 心 (“heart”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔak (“bad”); cognate with Tibetan ཨག་པོ (ag po, “bad”) (Coblin, 1986; Schuessler, 2007). Also related to Thai ยาก (yâak, “difficult”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Exoactive of etymology 1 (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Cognate with 安 (OC *qaːn, “where; how”), 焉 (OC *qan, “where; how”). ‖ For pronunciation and definitions of 惡 – see 噁. \ (This character is a variant traditional form of 噁). \ Probably related to etymologies 1 and 2 (Zhengzhang, 2011b; Xiang, 2019). Alternatively, 涴 (MC 'waH, “to soil; to stain”) has been proposed to be the etymon (Cao, 2008).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : oh • Middle-Chinese : 'ak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ònn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : òo • Middle-Chinese : 'uH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wu¹ • Middle-Chinese : 'u ‖
|evil; wicked; foul • fierce; hostile; ferocious • (Cantonese, transitive) to be hostile against (someone) • bad; poor • (Cantonese, Southern Min) difficult • (Quanzhou, Xiamen and Philippine Hokkien) to verbally abuse; to reprimand; to curse; to rebuke • (Taiwanese Hokkien) slow ‖ to hate; to loathe; to dislike ‖ ^† An interrogative pronoun: how • ^† Interjection used to express surprise: oh; ah ‖ (Wu) excrement
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|惡 (eumhun 악할 악 (akhal ak)) ‖ 惡 (eumhun 미워할 오 (miwohal o))
|hanja form of 악 (“evil; wickedness”) [noun] ‖ hanja form of 오 (“to hate”) [affix]
|Hán-Nôm : ác • Hán-Nôm : ố
|
|
|峪
|惡
|-
|-
|峯
|惦
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 店 (OC *tiːms). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dim³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiàm ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiàm
|to keep thinking about; to miss ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 踮 (tiàm)
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|peak, summit
|峯 (eumhun 봉우리 봉 (bong'uri bong))
|Hanja form of 봉 (“peak, summit”).
|
|
|峯
|Hán-Nôm : điếm
|
|惦
|-
|-
|崆
|惱
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung¹
|Used in place names. • Used in compounds.
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|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nou⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : náu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ló • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lóo • Middle-Chinese : nawX
|to be angered; to be irritated • unhappy; vexed • (Hakka) to dislike; to loathe; to hate
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|
|崆 (eum 공 (gong))
|
|
|惱 (eumhun 괴로워할 뇌 (goerowohal noe))
|hanja form of 뇌 (“angered, filled with hate”)
|Hán-Nôm : não • Hán-Nôm : náo
|
|
|崆
|惱
|-
|-
|崑
|惶
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwan¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwan¹
|Only used in 崑崙／昆仑 (Kūnlún) and related terms.
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|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiânn • Middle-Chinese : hwang
|fearful; afraid; anxious; nervous • confuse; confused
|
|
|崑 • (gon) · 崑 • (gon) (hangeul 곤, revised gon, McCune–Reischauer kon)
|be anxious • fear
|惶 • (hwang) · 惶 • (hwang) (hangeul 황, revised hwang, McCune–Reischauer hwang, Yale hwang)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : hoàng
|
|
|崑
|惶
|-
|-
|崙
|惹
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leon⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lūn
|Characters in the same phonetic series (若) (Zhengzhang, 2003) ‖
|Used in 崑崙／昆仑 (Kūnlún), etc.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄜˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : je⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liá • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiá • Middle-Chinese : nyaeX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄛˋ • Middle-Chinese : nyak
|to cause (a problem); to court • to offend; to provoke; to irritate; to vex • to attract; to cause (a reaction) • (Cantonese) to attract (an animal) • (Cantonese) to infect • (Mandarin, Internet slang, usually women's speech) Alternative form of 了 ‖
|
|
|
|
|崙 (eum 륜 (ryun))
|惹 • (ya) · 惹 • (ya) (hangeul 야, revised ya, McCune–Reischauer ya, Yale ya)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : nhạ
|
|
|崙
|惹
|-
|-
|崢
|愕
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caang⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsing
|lofty; towering
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngok⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : go̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gia̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngia̍h • Middle-Chinese : ngak
|startled; scared; astonished • ^† Alternative form of 諤／谔 (è, “honest speech”)
|
|
|崢 • (jaeng) · 崢 • (jaeng) (hangeul 쟁, revised jaeng, McCune–Reischauer chaeng)
|surprised • frightened
|愕 (eum 악 (ak))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : ngạc • Hán-Nôm : ngắc
|
|
|崢
|愕
|-
|-
|嵩
|愣
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sung¹
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 心 + abbreviated phonetic 楞. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 心 + abbreviated phonetic 楞.
|(literary, of a mountain) high; lofty • a surname
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gāng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leng¹
| ‖ 嵩(かさ) • (kasa)
|to be in a daze; to be dumbfounded • rash; hot-headed; hasty • (colloquial) wilfully; insistently; persistently ‖ Only used in 愣兒／愣儿.
|pile up, accumulate • bulk, volume ‖ bulk, large quantity • mass, volume
|嵩 (eum 숭 (sung))
|
|
|
|
|嵩
|-
|嶄
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaam² • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaam³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caam⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsám • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsánn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsàm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsâm ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caam⁴
|towering; outstanding • very ‖ Only used in 嶄巖／崭岩, alternative form of 巉巖／巉岩 (chányán, “steep; cliff”)
|
|
|
|
|嶄 (eum 참 (cham))
|Hán-Nôm : lăng
|
|
|
|愣
|嶄
|-
|-
|嶇
|愿
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : keoi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khu
|Only used in 崎嶇／崎岖 (qíqū, “rugged, rough”) and 嶇嶔／岖嵚 (“steep, sheer”). • (Hakka) steep
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun⁶ • Middle-Chinese : ngjwonH
|(literary) honest and prudent
|
|
|嶇 (eum 구 (gu))
|
|
|愿 • (won) · 愿 • (won) (hangeul 원, revised won, McCune–Reischauer wŏn, Yale wen)
|
|
|嶇
|-
|嶝
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dang³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tìng
|(literary) path leading up a mountain
|
|
|
|
|嶝 • (deung) · 嶝 • (deung) (hangeul 등, revised deung, McCune–Reischauer tŭng)
|愿
|-
|慄
|STEDT compared this to Tibetan བྲེད་པ་ (bred pa, “to be alarmed, scared”). If the relation is to be established, then this term is derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-ray-t (“fear”). \ Hong Kong Cantonese “to be scared” is borrowed from Taishanese 慄／栗 (nut⁵). ‖ STEDT compared this to Tibetan བྲེད་པ་ (bred pa, “to be alarmed, scared”). If the relation is to be established, then this term is derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-ray-t (“fear”). \ Hong Kong Cantonese “to be scared” is borrowed from Taishanese 慄／栗 (nut⁵).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lit • Middle-Chinese : lit ‖
|to shiver; to shudder; to tremble • (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to be scared (of one's facial expression) • (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to become weak and limp (of one's arms and legs due to fear, lack of strength, etc.) ‖ (originally Taishanese, now also Hong Kong Cantonese) to be scared
|
|
|fear • tremble, shudder, shiver
|慄 • (ryul>yul) · 慄 • (ryul>yul) (hangeul 률>율, revised ryul>yul, McCune–Reischauer ryul>yul, Yale lyul>yul)
|
|
|嶝
|Hán-Nôm : lật
|translates as Lật or Rất which modifies adjectives or adverbs to mean very or extremely
|慄
|-
|-
|嶼
|慘
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sǐr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sīr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : í
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰluːmʔ) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 參 (OC *sʰluːm, *sʰluːms, *sloːm, *sʰrum, *srum)
|island; islet
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshám • Middle-Chinese : tshomX
|(literary, or in compounds) cruel; vicious; malicious • (of losses, defeats, etc.) severe; crushing; heavy • miserable; pitiful; wretched • (literary, or in compounds) gloomy; dim; dismal
|
|Kyūjitai form of 惨: wretched
|慘 • (cham, chim) · 慘 • (cham, chim) (hangeul 참, 침, revised cham, chim, McCune–Reischauer ch'am, ch'im, Yale cham, chim)
|
|
|island
|Hán-Nôm : thảm • Hán-Nôm : thom • Hán-Nôm : thỏm
|嶼 (eumhun 섬 서 (seom seo))
|Hanja form of 서 (“island”).
|
|
|嶼
|慘
|-
|-
|巒
|慷
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lyun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luân
|Originally written as 忼. Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰlaːŋʔ) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 康 (OC *kʰlaːŋ).
|pointed mountain • mountain range; ridge
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hong² • Cantonese · Jyutping : kong² • Cantonese · Jyutping : hong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khóng • Middle-Chinese : khangX
|Used in compounds.
|
|
|small peak
|generous; magnanimous
|巒 (eum 만 (man))
|慷 (eum 강 (gang))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : khảng
|
|
|巒
|慷
|-
|-
|巔
|慾
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : din¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tian
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *loɡ) : phonetic 欲 (OC *loɡ) + semantic 心 – to lust with one’s heart.
|summit of mountain; mountain top; peak • highest; top • (traditional Chinese medicine, anatomy) head
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : juk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : io̍k • Middle-Chinese : yowk
|desire; lust
|
|
|desire, greed
|慾 • (yok) · 慾 • (yok) (hangeul 욕, revised yok, McCune–Reischauer yok, Yale yok)
|
|
|巔 • (jeon) · 巔 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn)
|Hán-Nôm : dục
|
|
|
|慾
|巔
|-
|-
|巽
|憐
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sùn
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *riːn) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 粦 (OC *rins). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-rin (“compassion; love”). Cognate with Tibetan དྲིན (drin, “kindness; favour; grace”).
|☴ the fifth of the eight trigrams • ䷸ the 57th of the 64 hexagrams • obedient • modest
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liân • Middle-Chinese : len
| ‖ 巽(たつみ) • (tatsumi) ‖ 巽(たつみ) • (Tatsumi)
|to pity; to sympathize • to love tenderly
|southeast ‖ (obsolete) southeast ‖ a surname
|巽 (eumhun 부드러울 손 (budeureoul son))
|
|
|sympathy • pity • treasure • dote on
|憐 (eumhun 불쌍히 여길 련 (bulssanghi yeogil ryeon), word-initial (South Korea) 불쌍히 여길 연 (bulssanghi yeogil yeon))
|hanja form of 련/연 (“pity, sympathize”)
|Hán-Nôm : lân • Hán-Nôm : liên
|
|
|巽
|憐
|-
|-
|帑
|憔
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tong² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thóng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo
|storehouse of money • national money ‖ Alternative form of 孥 · one's offspring • Alternative form of 孥 · one's wife and offspring
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ciu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tâ • Middle-Chinese : dzjew
|Only used in compounds.
|
|
|帑 • (tang, no) · 帑 • (tang, no) (hangeul 탕, 노, revised tang, no, McCune–Reischauer t'ang, no)
|be emaciated, get thin
|憔 (eum 초 (cho))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tiều
|
|
|帑
|憔
|-
|-
|帛
|憧
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baak⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pe̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pe̍eh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pi̍k
| ‖
|silks; fabrics • wealth; property
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiong • Middle-Chinese : tsyhowng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄤˋ • Middle-Chinese : draewngH
|irresolute; indecisive • Used in 憧憬 (chōngjǐng). ‖ ^† foolish; ignorant
|
|
|silk (archaic)
|longing, yearning
|帛 (eumhun 비단 백 (bidan baek))
|憧 (eumhun 그리워할 동 (geuriwohal dong))
|silk
|hanja form of 동 (“longing, yearning”)
|Hán-Nôm : sung
|
|
|帛
|憧
|-
|-
|幀
|憩
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zing³
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : abbreviated 恬 (“tranquil”) + 息 (“rest”). There is also the possibility that 憩 is phono-semantic (形聲／形声, OC *kʰrads) , with 𠯑 (OC *ɡroːd) as the phonetic component. \ Possibly related to 歇 (OC *qʰad) (Wang, 1982).
|^† picture; scroll • Classifier for pictures. • (computing) frame, fps (frame per second)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hei³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tim⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khè • Middle-Chinese : khjejH
|
|(literary) to rest
|
|
|幀 • (jeong, taeng) · 幀 • (jeong, taeng) (hangeul 정, 탱, revised jeong, taeng, McCune–Reischauer chŏng, t'aeng)
|break • rest period • rest • leisure
|憩 (eumhun 쉴 게 (swil ge))
|hanja form of 게 (“to rest”)
|Hán-Nôm : khệ • Hán-Nôm : khị
|
|
|Nôm form of tranh (“a painting”).
|憩
|幀
|-
|-
|幔
|憫
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : buān ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : mua
|curtain; screen; canopy ‖ coat; cape; cloak; mantle • to drape over one's shoulders; to wrap around • to put one's arm around another's shoulder or neck
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : man⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bín • Middle-Chinese : minX
|to sympathize; to pity; to feel compassion for • (literary) depressed; sorrowful
|
|
|幔 (eum 만 (man))
|
|
|憫 (eumhun 민망할 민 (minmanghal min))
|hanja form of 민 (“pity, sympathize with, grieve for”)
|Hán-Nôm : mẫn
|
|
|幔
|憫
|-
|-
|幗
|憬
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwok³
|(historical) women's headgear; women's hair ornament
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ging² • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwing² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kíng • Middle-Chinese : kjwaengX
|
|
|
|
|long for
|憬 • (gyeong) · 憬 • (gyeong) (hangeul 경, revised gyeong, McCune–Reischauer kyŏng, Yale keyng)
|rouse, awaken • become conscious
|Hán-Nôm : cảnh
|
|
|憬
|-
|懂
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *toːŋʔ) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 董 (OC *toːŋʔ). \ Perhaps cognate with 黨 (OC *taːŋʔ, “to know”), an ancient Chu dialect word (Schuessler, 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄥˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tóng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : táng • Middle-Chinese : tuwngX
|to understand; to comprehend • (Singapore, Hong Kong) to know • Used in 懵懂 (měngdǒng, “confused”). • a surname: Dong
|
|
|幗
|-
|幛
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiàng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiùnn
|a type of oblong banner or scroll carrying a message used at weddings, funerals, etc. • to cover
|
|
|懂 (eumhun 심란할 동 (simnanhal dong))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : đổng • Hán-Nôm : đỏng
|
|
|懂
|-
|懈
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kreːs) : semantic 忄 + phonetic 解 (OC *kreːʔ, *kreːs, *ɡreːʔ, *ɡreːs).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hāi • Middle-Chinese : keaH
|(literary, or in compounds) lazy; slack; idle
|
|
|laziness
|懈 (eum 해 (hae))
|
|
|幛
|Hán-Nôm : giải
|
|懈
|-
|-
|幟
|應
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshì
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qɯŋ, *qɯŋs) : phonetic 䧹 (OC *qɯŋ) + semantic 心 (“heart”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qɯŋ, *qɯŋs) : phonetic 䧹 (OC *qɯŋ) + semantic 心 (“heart”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qɯŋ, *qɯŋs) : phonetic 䧹 (OC *qɯŋ) + semantic 心 (“heart”).
|flag; banner • (literary) mark; sign • a surname
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jing¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : èng • Middle-Chinese : 'ing ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jing³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ìn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ìng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : eng • Middle-Chinese : 'ingH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jing³
| ‖ 幟(のぼり) • (nobori)
|should; ought to • to consent to; to agree • (literary) perhaps; maybe ‖ to answer; to reply • to permit; to promise • to agree; to echo; to go along with • to handle; to deal with • (of words, etc.) to come true; to be confirmed • to suit; to fit • to accept • (Cantonese) impactful • (Cantonese) exact • 41st tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "response" (𝌮) • (～縣) Ying County (a county of Shuozhou, Shanxi, China) ‖ a surname
| ‖ flag, banner
| ‖  
|幟 • (chi) · 幟 • (chi) (hangeul 치, revised chi, McCune–Reischauer ch'i)
|Kyūjitai form of 応 ‖
|應 (eumhun 응할 응 (eunghal eung)) ‖ 應 (eumhun 응당(應當) 응)
|hanja form of 응 (“to answer; to respond”) ‖ hanja form of 응 (“should; ought to”)
|Hán-Nôm : ứng • Hán-Nôm : ưng • Hán-Nôm : ừng
|
|
|chữ Hán form of xí (“flag, banner”).
|應
|幟
|-
|-
|幫
|懊
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : png • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pn̂g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pn̄g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pong
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *quːʔ, *quːɡs, *quɡ) : semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 奧 (OC *quːɡs). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *quːʔ, *quːɡs, *quɡ) : semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 奧 (OC *quːɡs). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *quːʔ, *quːɡs, *quɡ) : semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 奧 (OC *quːɡs).
|the sides of an object (particularly a shoe) • to help; to assist; to aid • gang; faction; group • (dialectal) for • (Shanghainese) and; with • (～母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 幫 (MC pang) • Classifier for groups of people. • (Hokkien) Classifier for scheduled forms of transportation, such as flights and trains. • (Hokkien) Classifier for batches of letters, bulk deliveries, etc. • (Mainland China Hokkien) to supplement (on the side) • (Xiamen Hokkien) to participate in or to depend partially or entirely on betting, contests, etc. for profit • (Taiwanese Hokkien) to sublet; to sublease • (Taiwanese Hokkien) to expand; to enlarge; to extend
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ou³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : àu • Middle-Chinese : 'awX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ou³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : àu • Middle-Chinese : 'awH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Middle-Chinese : 'juwk
|^⁜ vexed; worried; nervous ‖ ^⁜ regret ‖ ^‡ to covet
|
|
|Kyūjitai form of 幇
|in distress • provoking • irritating • impatient • vexed
|幫 (eumhun 도울 방 (doul bang))
|懊 • (o) · 懊 • (o) (hangeul 오, revised o, McCune–Reischauer o, Yale o)
|Hanja form of 방 (“help”).
|
|
|幫
|Hán-Nôm : áo • Hán-Nôm : ảo • Hán-Nôm : úc
|
|懊
|-
|-
|庖
|懦
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pâu
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *noːls, *njo) : semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 需 (OC *sno).
|(literary) kitchen • (literary) chef; cook
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : no⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nǒo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nōo • Middle-Chinese : nyu
|^⁜ cowardly; weak • soft
|
|
|
|
|庖 (eum 포 (po))
|懦 • (na, yu) · 懦 • (na, yu) (hangeul 나, 유, revised na, yu, McCune–Reischauer na, yu, Yale na, yu)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : nhụa
|
|
|庖
|懦
|-
|-
|庠
|懷
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng⁴
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡruːl) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 褱 (OC *ɡruːl, *ɡruːl, “bosom”). \ Originally written 褱, see there for more.
|(archaic) country school • to teach
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄞˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huâi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuī • Middle-Chinese : hweaj
|breast; bosom • (figurative) heart; mind; affection • to carry in one's bosom or on one's body • to harbor in one's mind; to keep in mind; to entertain • to think of; to cherish; to tend to; to remember; to reminisce • (literary) to miss; to long for • (literary or dialectal Mandarin) to be pregnant • (Magong Hokkien) pocket (bag sewn into clothing) • a surname: Huai
|
|
|
|
|庠 (eum 상 (sang))
|懷 • (hoe) · 懷 • (hoe) (hangeul 회, revised hoe, McCune–Reischauer hoe, Yale hoy)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : hoài
|
|
|庠
|懷
|-
|-
|庾
|懼
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lú
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷas) : semantic 忄 + phonetic 瞿 (OC *kʷas, *ɡʷa).
|a surname
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geoi⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geoi² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khū • Middle-Chinese : gjuH
|to fear; to be afraid • to scare; to frighten
|
|
|fear • overawed
|懼 (eumhun 두려워할 구 (duryeowohal gu))
|hanja form of 구 (“fear, be afraid of, dread”)
|Hán-Nôm : cụ
|
|
|庾 (eumhun 곳집 유 (gotjip yu)) · 庾 (eumhun 노작가리 유 (nojakgari yu))
|懼
|
|-
|戀
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *b·rons) : phonetic 䜌 (OC *b·roːn, *b·ron, *b·rons) + semantic 心 (“heart”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luân • Middle-Chinese : ljwenH
|(literary, or in compounds) to love • (literary, or in compounds) to long for; to yearn for; to feel attached to
|
|
|庾
|Kyūjitai form of 恋: attract, love
|戀 (eumhun 사모할 련 (samohal ryeon), word-initial (South Korea) 사모할 연 (samohal yeon))
|hanja form of 련/연 (“love”) • hanja form of 련/연 (“long for, yearn for”)
|canonical : 戀: Hán Việt readings: luyến 戀: Nôm readings: luyến • canonical : luýnh
|chữ Hán form of luyến (“love, fondness (compounds)”).
|戀
|-
|-
|廁
|戈
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄜˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsheh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄜˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cak¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zak¹
|Pictogram (象形) ― a tool or weapon on a pole, the pole having developed into the long upper-left to lower-right diagonal stroke.
|toilet; lavatory ‖ (literary) to mingle with; to participate in ‖ Used in 廁足／厕足 (cèzú).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwo¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ko • Hokkien · Tai-lo : koo • Middle-Chinese : kwa
|(historical) dagger-axe (an ancient Chinese weapon similar to a halberd) • a surname
| ‖  
|pike (weapon) ‖  
|戈 (eumhun 창 과 (chang gwa))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : qua • Hán-Nôm : quơ • Hán-Nôm : quờ
|
|
|廁 (eum 치 (chi))
|戈
|-
|戎
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 盾 (“shield”) + 戈 (“halberd; weapons”) – weaponry, arms. \ ; “you” \ ; “bellicose, warlike”
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiông • Middle-Chinese : nyuwng
|(literary) arms; armaments • (literary) army; military affairs • (obsolete) you • Used in 戎戎 (róngróng). • Used in 蒙戎. • (historical) a general term for ethnic groups in the west of China • a surname
| ‖ 戎(えびす) • (Ebisu)
|warrior • arms • barbarian • Ainu ‖ a surname • alternative spelling of 恵比須 (Ebisu), a Shinto god
|戎 • (yung) · 戎 • (yung) (hangeul 융, revised yung, McCune–Reischauer yung, Yale yung)
|arms • armaments • military affair
|Hán-Nôm : nhung • Hán-Nôm : nhỏng • Hán-Nôm : nhong • Hán-Nôm : xong • Hán-Nôm : nhùng
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|
|戎
|-
|截
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zeːd) : phonetic 雀 (OC *ʔsewɢ) + semantic 戈.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zit⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsia̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsue̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tse̍h
|to cut off; to sever; to slice • to bar; to stop; to obstruct; to block • to close; to end • section • Classifier for sections or lengths of objects. • neat; well-ordered; orderly • Alternative form of 接 (jiē, “to pick up”) • a surname: Jie
| ‖ 截(せつ) • (setsu) ‖ 截(さい) • (sai)
|to cut, to sever ‖ section • cut • sever ‖ section • cut • sever
|截 (eumhun 끊을 절 (kkeuneul jeol))
|hanja form of 절 (“sever”)
|Hán-Nôm : tiệt • Hán-Nôm : sịt • Hán-Nôm : tét • Hán-Nôm : tĩu
|
|
|廁
|截
|-
|-
|廂
|戰
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : soeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sionn
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjans) : phonetic 單 (OC *taːn, *djan, *djanʔ, *djans) + semantic 戈 (“halberd”) – battling with a halberd. \ Benedict (1972) thinks it a cognate to Tibetan རལ་གྲི (ral gri, “sword”), Mizo râl (“enemy”), both from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *g-raːl ~ *g-ran ~ *ray (“enemy, quarrel, strife, fight, war, sword”), yet Schuessler (2007) thinks it unlikely that Old Chinese *t- corresponds to Tibeto-Burman *r-. \ Instead he proposes that "war, battle" is semantically extended from "tremble, fear" and so 戰 (OC *tjans) is cognate with 憚 (OC *daːns) (ibid.); STEDT in turn derives them both from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dar ~ d(u/i)r (“tremble, shiver”).
|wing; side room; theater box • side • train carriage; compartment • vicinity of a city
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiàn • Middle-Chinese : tsyenH
|to fight a battle; to go to war • war; battle; fight • to tremble; to shiver • a surname: Zhan
|
|
|fighting, battle
|戰 (eumhun 싸울 전 (ssaul jeon))
|hanja form of 전 (“fight”)
|canonical : 戰: Hán Việt readings: chiến 戰: Nôm readings: chiến • canonical : chén • canonical : chuyến
|chữ Hán form of chiến (“war, conflict”).
|戰
|-
|戲
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰral, *qʰrals, *qʰaː) : phonetic 䖒 () + semantic 戈 (“halberd”), originally referring to the wing or flank of an army. \ Cognate with 嘕 (OC *qʰran, “to laugh”), Tibetan ཀྱལ་ཀ (kyal ka, “joke; jest; trick”), Mizo khâl (“to play with”), Mizo inkhêl (“to gamble; to play”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰral, *qʰrals, *qʰaː) : phonetic 䖒 () + semantic 戈 (“halberd”), originally referring to the wing or flank of an army. \ Cognate with 嘕 (OC *qʰran, “to laugh”), Tibetan ཀྱལ་ཀ (kyal ka, “joke; jest; trick”), Mizo khâl (“to play with”), Mizo inkhêl (“to gamble; to play”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰral, *qʰrals, *qʰaː) : phonetic 䖒 () + semantic 戈 (“halberd”), originally referring to the wing or flank of an army. \ Cognate with 嘕 (OC *qʰran, “to laugh”), Tibetan ཀྱལ་ཀ (kyal ka, “joke; jest; trick”), Mizo khâl (“to play with”), Mizo inkhêl (“to gamble; to play”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰral, *qʰrals, *qʰaː) : phonetic 䖒 () + semantic 戈 (“halberd”), originally referring to the wing or flank of an army. \ Cognate with 嘕 (OC *qʰran, “to laugh”), Tibetan ཀྱལ་ཀ (kyal ka, “joke; jest; trick”), Mizo khâl (“to play with”), Mizo inkhêl (“to gamble; to play”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hì • Middle-Chinese : xjeH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu¹ • Middle-Chinese : xu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Middle-Chinese : xje ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧ
|to play; to amuse; to have fun • to tease; to chaff • theatrical play; show; theater; opera (Classifier: 齣／出; 部 m) • (dialectal) movie; film (Classifier: 齣／出 c; 套 c) • (Cantonese) scene (Classifier: 場／场 c) • (figurative) interesting part; hope ‖ Alternative form of 呼 (“to shout”), only used in 於戲／於戏 (wūhū). ‖ ^† slanting ‖ Only used in 戲氏阪／戏氏阪.
|
|
|廂 • (sang) · 廂 • (sang) (hangeul 상, revised sang, McCune–Reischauer sang)
|
|
|戲 (eumhun 놀이 희 (nori hui)) · 戲 (eumhun 희롱할 희 (huironghal hui)) ‖ 戲 (eumhun 서러울 호 (seoreoul ho)) · 戲 (eumhun 탄식할 호 (tansikhal ho)) ‖ 戲 (eumhun 기 휘 (gi hwi))
|hanja form of 희 (“play”) ‖ (literary Chinese) Alternative form of 呼 (“hanja form of 호 (“shout; sigh”)”) ‖ (literary Chinese) Alternative form of 麾 (“hanja form of 휘 (“banner”)”)
|Hán-Nôm : hí • Hán-Nôm : hé • Hán-Nôm : hi • Hán-Nôm : hô
|
|
|廂
|戲
|-
|-
|廈
|戳
|Cantonese · Jyutping : haa⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄚˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hēe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hā ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : haa⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ēe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hēe
|
|mansion; large building • a surname ‖ Only used in 廈門／厦门 (Xiàmén); also used as its short form.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coek³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cok³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoek³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshok
|to thrust; to poke • stamp; seal • (dialectal) to fuck; to have sex with
|
|
|
|
|廈 (eum 하 (ha))
|戳 • (chak) · 戳 • (chak) (hangeul 착, revised chak, McCune–Reischauer ch'ak, Yale chak)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : chạc • Hán-Nôm : trộ
|
|
|廈
|戳
|-
|-
|廖
|扁
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : liu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liāu
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 戶 (“door”) + 冊 (“bamboo tablets”) – to inscribe on the door. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pyar (“flat, thin”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 戶 (“door”) + 冊 (“bamboo tablets”) – to inscribe on the door. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pyar (“flat, thin”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007).
|(～國) the Zhou dynasty-era state of Liao • a surname
|Cantonese · Jyutping : bin² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pián • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pínn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pín • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pún • Middle-Chinese : penX • Middle-Chinese : bjienX • Middle-Chinese : benX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pin¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phian • Middle-Chinese : phjien
|flat and thin (like a pancake) • to inscribe on the door • to curl one's lips • to underestimate; to underrate • (dialectal) to beat; to give someone a good beating • (dialectal) to hide in the waist • Original form of 匾 (biǎn, “horizontal inscribed board; tablet; signboard”). • a surname ‖ small; little; narrow • Alternative form of 偏 (piān, “out-of-the-way; remote; one-sided”)
|
|
|flat (adjective)
|扁 (eumhun 작을 편 (jageul pyeon))
|hanja form of 편 (“small; flat”)
|canonical : 扁: Hán Việt readings: biển • canonical : thiên • canonical : biên 扁: Nôm readings: biển • canonical : bên • canonical : bẽn
|chữ Hán form of biển (“flat, thin”).
|扁
|-
|扉
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pɯl) : semantic 戶 + phonetic 非 (OC *pɯl).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hui • Middle-Chinese : pj+j
|door panel; door leaf • door-like thing
| ‖ 扉(とびら) • (tobira)
| ‖ a door (moving part of a hinged door that swings out or in, as opposed to a sliding door or the doorway as a whole) • (by extension) a title page • (figuratively) an entrance to something
|扉 • (bi) · 扉 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi, Yale pi)
|
|
|廖 (eum 료 (ryo))
|canonical : 扉: Hán Việt readings: phi 扉: Nôm readings: phi
|chữ Hán form of phi (“entry gate”). • Nôm form of phi (“preface”).
|扉
|-
|扎
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sqriːd) : semantic 手 + phonetic 乙 (OC *qriɡ).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : zaat³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaap³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsat • Middle-Chinese : tsreat
|Alternative form of 札 • Alternative form of 札 · (Classical) to pull • to stab; to prick; to puncture • to tie; to fasten; to bundle • to be stationed; to be quartered (of troops) • (loanword) Classifier for jars.
|
|
|
|
|廖
|扎 (eum 찰 (chal))
|
|Hán-Nôm : trát
|
|扎
|-
|-
|廚
|扒
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyu⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyu⁴⁻² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi⁴⁻² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tû ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˊ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *preːds, *preːd, *pred) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 八 (OC *preːd). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *preːds, *preːd, *pred) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 八 (OC *preːd). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *preːds, *preːd, *pred) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 八 (OC *preːd). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *preːds, *preːd, *pred) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 八 (OC *preːd). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *preːds, *preːd, *pred) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 八 (OC *preːd).
|kitchen • cook; chef (Classifier: 個／个 c) • Original form of 櫥／橱 (chú, “closet; cupboard”). ‖ (Internet slang, chiefly ACG) someone who is zealously enthusiastic about something • (Internet slang, chiefly ACG) to be zealous about something
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baat³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : peh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pa • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pha • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pá • Middle-Chinese : peajH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paa⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pha • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pa ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paa¹ • Middle-Chinese : pjet ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄞˋ • Middle-Chinese : peat ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paa⁴⁻²
|to hold on to; to cling to • to dig up; to tear down • to push aside • to strip off; to take off ‖ to gather up; to rake up • to pickpocket • to braise • to climb • to lie prone; to crouch down • (regional) to scratch ‖ to divide ‖ to pull up • to rescue ‖ (chiefly Cantonese) steak; slab of meat
|
|
|scratch • dig up • crawl, crouch
|扒 • (bae) · 扒 • (bae) (hangeul 배)
|
|
|廚 • (ju) · 廚 • (ju) (hangeul 주, revised ju, McCune–Reischauer chu)
|Hán-Nôm : bắt • Hán-Nôm : bái • Hán-Nôm : bát • Hán-Nôm : bớt • Hán-Nôm : bít • Hán-Nôm : vát • Hán-Nôm : xẹp
|
|
|
|扒
|廚
|-
|-
|廝
|扔
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙ • Cantonese · Jyutping : si¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sir • Hokkien · Tai-lo : su
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njɯŋ, *njɯŋs) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 乃 (OC *nɯːʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njɯŋ, *njɯŋs) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 乃 (OC *nɯːʔ).
|(male) servant; menial • A lightly insulting term used to refer to someone. • mutually; with each other
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jing⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wing¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jîng • Middle-Chinese : nying ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄥˋ • Middle-Chinese : nyingH
|to throw • to throw away • a surname ‖ to pull; to draw • to destroy
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|
|throw • hurl • throw away • cast
|
|
|廝 (eum 시 (si))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : nẫy • Hán-Nôm : nhưng • Hán-Nôm : nảy • Hán-Nôm : nẩy • Hán-Nôm : nới
|
|
|廝
|扔
|-
|-
|廠
|扛
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cong² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiúnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiónn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiáunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiáng
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kroːŋ) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 工 (OC *koːŋ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kroːŋ) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 工 (OC *koːŋ).
|^† shack (without wall) • ^† (animal) shed • factory; workshop; mill; (industrial) plant • depot; yard
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gong¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kng • Middle-Chinese : kaewng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gong¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kng
| ‖ 廠(しょう) • (shō) ^(←しやう (syau)?)
|to lift using both hands • to lift by at least two people ‖ to shoulder; to carry on shoulders • to contradict
| ‖ depot
|廠 (eum 창 (chang))
|
|
|
|
|廠
|扛 (eum 강 (gang))
|-
|廬
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo
|rudimentary lodgings; hut; shack; simple countryside house • (archaic) inn; guesthouse; lodging (for officials) • (historical) hut near a tomb used for morning • (～山) Mount Lu in Jiangxi province • a surname
| ‖ 廬(いお) • (io) ^(←いほ (ifo)?) ‖ 廬(いおり) • (iori) ^(←いほり (ifori)?)
| ‖ a temporary hut • a temporary lodging ‖ a temporary hut • a temporary lodging • a small hut for hermits and priests; a hermitage
|廬 (eum 려 (ryeo))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : giăng • Hán-Nôm : giang • Hán-Nôm : căng • Hán-Nôm : dăng • Hán-Nôm : giằng • Hán-Nôm : dàng • Hán-Nôm : giương • Hán-Nôm : gồng • Hán-Nôm : khiêng
|
|
|廬
|扛
|-
|-
|廿
|扣
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jaa⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : je⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jap⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nim⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jia̍p • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lia̍p
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰoːʔ, *kʰoːs) : semantic 手 + phonetic 口 (OC *kʰoːʔ).
|twenty
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kau³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄡˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khòo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khàu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khau • Middle-Chinese : khuwX • Middle-Chinese : khuwH
| ‖ 廿(にじゅう) • (nijū) ^(←にじふ (nizifu)?) ‖ 廿(にじゅう) • (nijū) ^(←にじふ (nizifu)?) ‖ 廿(はたち) • (hatachi) ‖ 廿(はたち) • (Hatachi)
|to hold; to restrain; to grab (a horse) • to rap; to strike; to pound • to detain; to arrest • to button; to fasten a button; to buckle; to clasp • button (knob or small disc serving as a fastener) • knot • to subtract; to deduct (money, points, etc.) • to accord with; to tally with; to conform to • Classifier for discount. • Alternative form of 叩 (kòu, “to knock; to strike”) • a surname: Kou
|(dated) twenty ‖ (dated) Alternative spelling of 二十 (nijū): twenty, 20 ‖ (archaic) Alternative spelling of 二十 (nijū): a twenty-year-old ‖ (archaic) Alternative spelling of 二十歳 (hatachi): a twenty-year-old ‖ a surname
|廿 (eumhun 스물 입 (seumul ip)) · 廿 (eumhun 이십 입 (isip ip))
|twenty; twentieth
|
|
|廿
|-
|弈
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jik⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : i̍k
|Go (Classical Chinese term for the board game Go, commonly known in Modern Chinese as 圍棋／围棋 (wéiqí)) • to play Go • Alternative form of 奕 (yì)
|
|
|Chinese chess
|扣 (eumhun 두드릴 구 (dudeuril gu)) ‖ 扣 (eumhun 두드릴 고 (dudeuril go))
|弈 (eum 혁 (hyeok))
| ‖
|Chinese chess
|Hán-Nôm : khấu • Hán-Nôm : khẩu • Hán-Nôm : khâu • Hán-Nôm : kháu
|
|
|弈
|扣
|-
|-
|弥
|扭
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *nuʔ, *tnuʔ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 丑 (OC *n̥ʰuʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄡˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nau² • Cantonese · Jyutping : nau⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : niú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngiú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : láu • Middle-Chinese : nrjuwX • Middle-Chinese : trjuwX
|to turn around • to twist; to wrench • to sprain • to swing (one's body) • to seize; to grapple with • crooked; not straight
|
|
|turn • twist • wrench • seize • grasp
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| ‖ 弥(わたる) • (Wataru) ‖ 弥(み) • (mi)
|go across; span; cover • widely, extensively; far and wide • increasingly; more and more • for a long time; forever ‖ a male given name ‖ Used in transliterations.
|弥 (eum 미 (mi))
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|Hán-Nôm : nữu • Hán-Nôm : níu • Hán-Nôm : nửu
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|弥
|扭
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|弩
|扮
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nou⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lōo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lǒo
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *prɯːns, *hmroːlʔ, *pɯn, *pɯnʔ) : semantic 扌 + phonetic 分 (OC *pɯn, *bɯns). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *prɯːns, *hmroːlʔ, *pɯn, *pɯnʔ) : semantic 扌 + phonetic 分 (OC *pɯn, *bɯns). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *prɯːns, *hmroːlʔ, *pɯn, *pɯnʔ) : semantic 扌 + phonetic 分 (OC *pɯn, *bɯns). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *prɯːns, *hmroːlʔ, *pɯn, *pɯnʔ) : semantic 扌 + phonetic 分 (OC *pɯn, *bɯns).
|crossbow
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baan⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baan³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pān • Middle-Chinese : peanH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣˇ • Middle-Chinese : pjunX • Middle-Chinese : bjunX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣ • Middle-Chinese : pjun ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄛˇ • Middle-Chinese : xweaX
|to dress up; to disguise oneself • to act; to play • to put on an expression; to make faces • (Cantonese) to pretend; to feign ‖ (literary) to hold • (literary) to merge • (literary) to agitate ‖ ^‡ to dig ‖ ^‡ messy
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|crossbow • one of abbreviations for loanwords whose transcription begin with the syllable ド (Do). Especially, dreadnought. ‖
|dress-up, disguise ‖ to dress up in a disguise, to disguise oneself • to put on a costume, to play a role
|弩 • (no) · 弩 • (no) (hangeul 노, revised no, McCune–Reischauer no, Yale no)
|扮 • (bun, ban) · 扮 • (bun, ban) (hangeul 분, 반, revised bun, ban, McCune–Reischauer pun, pan, Yale pun, pan)
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|Hán-Nôm : phẫn
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|弩
|扮
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|弭
|扯
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mai⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bí
|Originally written as 撦. Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰjaːʔ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 止 (OC *kjɯʔ). ‖
|(literary) to stop; to put an end to; to remove • (archaic) bow decorated with bone or ivory at the ends • (archaic) curved ends of a bow • (archaic) to reassure; to assuage; to calm • (archaic) to forget • Used in place names. • a surname
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄜˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshé • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiá • Middle-Chinese : tsyhaeX ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : ce²
|to pull; to tug (usually something that is flexible) • to tear • to talk casually; to chat • ridiculous; crazy • (dialectal, of weather) to fall; to have • (dialectal) to play (a stringed instrument) • (Cantonese) to raise by pulling; to hoist • (Cantonese) to breathe; to puff; to suck in • (Cantonese) Short for 扯旗 (“to have an erection”). ‖ (Cantonese) to leave • (Cantonese) away
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|stop, quit • nock, notch
|扯 • (cha) · 扯 • (cha) (hangeul 차, revised cha, McCune–Reischauer ch'a, Yale cha)
|弭 (eum 미 (mi))
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|Hán-Nôm : chải • Hán-Nôm : xả • Hán-Nôm : chẻ • Hán-Nôm : giẫy • Hán-Nôm : xới • Hán-Nôm : chỉ • Hán-Nôm : xé • Hán-Nôm : xẻ • Hán-Nôm : xởi
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|弭
|扯
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|弼
|扳
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bat⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pi̍t
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|(literary) to aid; to assist; to help • assistant • tool for rectifying crossbow • to go against; to run counter to
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baan² • Cantonese · Jyutping : baan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pian • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pán • Middle-Chinese : paen ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paan¹ • Middle-Chinese : phaen
|to pull; to turn • to win back • (literary, or in compounds) to debate; to dispute • (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) to grip something tightly ‖ Alternative form of 攀 (pān, “to climb; to pull”)
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|to assist • assistant
|扳 • (ban) · 扳 • (ban) (hangeul 반, revised ban, McCune–Reischauer pan, Yale pan)
|弼 • (pil) · 弼 • (pil) (hangeul 필, revised pil, McCune–Reischauer p'il, Yale phil)
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|Hán-Nôm : bẳn • Hán-Nôm : ban • Hán-Nôm : bản • Hán-Nôm : bắn
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|弼
|扳
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|彆
|扼
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bit³
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qreːɡ) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 厄 (OC *qreːɡ).
|ends of bow • to make somebody change their opinion; to dissuade • to hold back
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ak¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aak¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : i̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ik
|to grasp; to clutch • to guard; to control • to choke; to strangle • Alternative form of 軛／轭 (è, “yoke”)
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|command • dominate • prevent • obstruct
|扼 • (aek) · 扼 • (aek) (hangeul 액, revised aek, McCune–Reischauer aek, Yale ayk)
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|彆 (eumhun 활 뒤틀릴 별 (hwal dwiteullil byeol))
|Hán-Nôm : ách
|Hanja form of 별 (“warped bow”).
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|彆
|扼
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|彎
|找
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uainn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uan
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsruːʔ) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 戈 (OC *koːl). \ Originally a variant form of 划. Borrowed to mean a similar action. \ The popular interpretation as a hand (扌) looking for a halberd (戈) is a mnemonic and not the origin of the character. \ Both “to seek” and “to give change” senses are attested since the Ming dynasty. The etymology is uncertain and it is unclear whether both senses are of the same origin. Compare 爪 (zhuǎ) and 抓 (zhuā).
|to bend; to make bent • (Penang Hokkien) to turn; to make a turn; to change direction • to draw a bow • bent; curved; crooked; arched • (neologism, slang) gay; homosexual • bend; turn; curve; crook • (Chinese calligraphy) a bend (such as in ㇉, ㇌, ㇟, or ㇠) • (灣／湾 (wān)) · a bend in a river • (灣／湾 (wān)) · a bend in the coastline; bay, gulf • Classifier for bent objects, such as a quarter moon.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄠˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsǎu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsáu
| ‖ 彎(わん) • (wan)
|to look for; to seek • to ask for somebody; to call on somebody • to give change • to make up (a deficiency) • (Northern Wu, specifically) to look for; to search for (a job, a partner, etc
|bend, curve • stretching a bow ‖ a bend, a curve
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|彎 (eum 만 (man))
|to look for • to seek • to make change
|找 (eumhun 채울 조 (chae'ul jo)) · 找 (eumhun 삿대질할 화 (satdaejilhal hwa))
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|Hán-Nôm : trảo • Hán-Nôm : hoa • Hán-Nôm : quơ • Hán-Nôm : chết • Hán-Nôm : triễu
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|彎
|找
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|当
|抒
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljaʔ, *hlja, *ɦljaʔ) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 予 (OC *la, *laʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : su • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sǐr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thí • Middle-Chinese : zjoX • Middle-Chinese : zyoX
|to express; to convey • to eliminate; to relieve
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| ‖ 当(とう) • (tō-)
|抒 • (seo, jeo) · 抒 • (seo, jeo) (hangeul 서, 저, revised seo, jeo, McCune–Reischauer sŏ, chŏ, Yale se, ce)
|hit • target; objective; goal • right; correct; appropriate • the aforementioned ...; the ... in question ‖ this (business or place)
|当 • (dang) · 当 • (dang) (hangeul 당, revised dang, McCune–Reischauer tang, Yale tang)
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|Hán-Nôm : trữ
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|当
|抒
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|彗
|抓
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huī ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai⁶
|(literary) broom • comet • to sweep; to brush ‖ Alternative form of 熭 (wèi)
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|comet • broom • to sweep
|彗 (eumhun 살별 혜 (salbyeol hye))
|Hanja form of 혜 (“comet”).
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|彗
|Cantonese · Jyutping : zaau² • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄚ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsua • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiàu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : giàu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liàu • Middle-Chinese : tsraew • Middle-Chinese : tsraewX • Middle-Chinese : tsraewH
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|to grab • to scratch (with nails, claws, etc.) • to be responsible for; to be in charge of • to attract (the attention of someone or something); to entice; to allure; to draw; to fascinate; to appeal to • to catch; to capture • to arrest
|彥
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : giān
|elegant; handsome • learned; accomplished
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|彥 • (eon) · 彥 • (eon) (hangeul 언, revised eon, McCune–Reischauer ŏn, Yale en)
|抓 • (jo) · 抓 • (jo) (hangeul 조)
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|Hán-Nôm : co • Hán-Nôm : trảo
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|彥
|抓
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|彷
|抖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pong⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fong² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hóng
|Used in 彷徉 (pángyáng). • Used in 彷徨 (pánghuáng). ‖ Alternative form of 仿 • Used in 彷彿／仿佛 (fǎngfú).
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄡˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tió • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiō • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tóo • Middle-Chinese : tuwX
|to shake; to tremble • to shake; to fling one's arm; to lash; to swing • to expose; to reveal • to stir up; to enliven
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|彷 (eum 방 (bang))
|shake • jiggle
|抖 • (du) · 抖 • (du) (hangeul 두, revised du, McCune–Reischauer tu, Yale twu)
|tremble, shake, rouse • give shake
|Hán-Nôm : đẩu • Hán-Nôm : kéo
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|抖
|彷
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|彿
|抬
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fat¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hut
|Considered a 後起字／后起字 (hòuqǐzì). Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯː) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 台 (OC *l̥ʰɯː, *l'ɯː, *l'ɯː, *lɯ)
|Only used in 彷彿／仿佛 (fǎngfú).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : toi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thâi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thai • Middle-Chinese : doj
|to lift; to heave • (of many people) to carry • (figurative, colloquial) to argue for the sake of arguing or for no reason; to bicker • Classifier for things carried by several people.
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|彿 • (bul) · 彿 • (bul) (hangeul 불, revised bul, McCune–Reischauer pul, Yale pul)
|抬 (eum 태 (tae))
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|Hán-Nôm : đài
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|彿
|抬
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|径
|拄
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|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *toʔ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 主 (OC *tjoʔ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *duːŋ (“post; column”). Cognate with 柱 (OC *toʔ, *doʔ, “post; column”); see there for more.
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tú • Middle-Chinese : trjuX
|to prop; to support • to lean on; to be propped up (with a stick, etc.) • (archaic) to open (one's eyes) • (literary or Hokkien, Eastern Min) to ridicule; to retort; to talk back • (archaic or Eastern Min) to prod; to poke • (literary) to block; to plug • (Hokkien) to equal; to be able to exchange one for another • (Hokkien) to cancel out • (Hokkien) to meet; to encounter • (Hokkien) just; just now; a moment ago • (Quanzhou Hokkien) to give change
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|path • diameter • method
|拄 • (ju) · 拄 • (ju) (hangeul 주, revised ju, McCune–Reischauer chu, Yale cwu)
|径 • (gyeong) · 径 • (gyeong) (hangeul 경, revised gyeong, McCune–Reischauer kyŏng, Yale kyeng)
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|Hán-Nôm : chủ • Hán-Nôm : trụ • Hán-Nôm : chỏ • Hán-Nôm : chõ
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|径
|拄
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|徇
|拆
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sūn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sûn
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tŋ̊ʰraːɡ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 斥 (OC *ŋ̊ʰjaːɡs, *ŋ̊ʰjaːɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tŋ̊ʰraːɡ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 斥 (OC *ŋ̊ʰjaːɡs, *ŋ̊ʰjaːɡ).
|to submit; to comply
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄞ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄜˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄚ
|to take apart; to dismantle • to demolish; to destroy • (Cantonese) to solve (a problem) • (Cantonese, of one's voice) hoarse • (Hokkien) to purchase; to buy (tickets, medicine, etc.) • (Hokkien) to tear ‖ (dialectal) to excrete
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|徇 • (sun) · 徇 • (sun) (hangeul 순, revised sun, McCune–Reischauer sun, Yale swun)
|拆 (eum 탁 (tak))
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|Hán-Nôm : sách
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|徇
|拆
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|徨
|拇
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wong⁴
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mɯʔ) : semantic 扌 + phonetic 母 (OC *mɯʔ). \ Sino-Tibetan; compare Proto-Loloish *C-ma³ (“thumb”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ Possibly related to 母 (OC *mɯʔ, “mother”); compare Proto-Loloish *C-ma³ (“female suffix”), *ʔəC-ma³ (“mother”), Zhuang mehfwngz (“thumb”), derived from meh (“mother”).
|Used in 彷徨 (pánghuáng). • Used in 徨徨.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mou⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bió • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bó • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bú • Middle-Chinese : muwX
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|(anatomy) thumb • (anatomy) big toe
|wander
|徨 (eum 황 (hwang))
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|thumb
|拇 (eum 무 (mu))
|thumb • big toe
|Hán-Nôm : mẫu
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|徨
|拇
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|徬
|拌
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄤˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pong⁴
|(archaic) to walk alongside; to accompany ‖ Used in 徬徨.
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|wander about • walk along side of
|徬 (eum 방 (bang))
|to wander about • walk along side of • to be next to
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|徬
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pun³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bun⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pun¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puǎnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puānn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puǎn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puān • Middle-Chinese : phan • Middle-Chinese : banX
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|to mix; to stir; to blend • to argue; to quarrel • (Hakka) to cast; to throw; to fling; to cause to fall and break; to break
|忖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun²
|to ponder; to speculate • (chiefly Zhejiang Wu) to think • (chiefly Zhejiang Wu) to want • (chiefly Zhejiang Wu) to look forward to; to plan for • (chiefly Zhejiang Wu) to miss
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|忖 (eumhun 헤아릴 촌 (hearil chon))
|拌 • (ban) · 拌 • (ban) (hangeul 반, revised ban, McCune–Reischauer pan, Yale pan)
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|Hán-Nôm : bắn • Hán-Nôm : phan • Hán-Nôm : bạn
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|忖
|拌
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|忝
|拖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tim² • Cantonese · Jyutping : tim⁵ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiám
|Variant form of 拕／拖 (tuō), phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰaːl, *l̥ʰaːls) : semantic 手 + phonetic 它 (OC *l̥ʰaːl).
|(literary) to shame • (literary, self-deprecatory) ashamedly; with disgrace ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 悿 (“tired; serious”)
|Cantonese · Jyutping : to¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄛ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thua • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tho • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thoo • Middle-Chinese : thaH
|to drag; to tow; to haul • to mop • to droop; to dangle; to hang down; to sag • to hold hands • to delay; to put off; to procrastinate; to adjourn; to defer; to prolong • to sustain (a sound) • to pin down; to tie up; to check (e.g. the enemy forces); to encumber • Short for 拖鞋 (tuōxié, “flip-flops; slippers”). • (Cantonese, slang) fight • a surname: Tuo
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|忝 • (cheom) · 忝 • (cheom) (hangeul 첨, revised cheom, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏm, Yale chem)
|拖 (eumhun 끌 타 (kkeul ta))
|hanja form of 타 (“to drag”)
|Hán-Nôm : đà • Hán-Nôm : đớ • Hán-Nôm : đợ • Hán-Nôm : đỡ • Hán-Nôm : tha • Hán-Nôm : đoa • Hán-Nôm : đòa • Hán-Nôm : đoà
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|拖
|忝
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|怏
|拗
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng² • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng³
| ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖ Unclear. Zhang (1993) suggests that it might ultimately be derived from a contraction of 勿 + 要. Compare also 勿要, 𧟰.
|discontented; dissatisfied; disgruntled
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aau³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : áu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : auh • Middle-Chinese : 'aewX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄡˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : juk⁶ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : aau³ ‖
|to defy; to disobey • hard to read ‖ (dialectal) to bend; twist as to break • (Hakka) to pluck; to pick (flowers, fruits, leaves, etc.) • (Hokkien) to fold ‖ stubborn; obstinate ‖ to suppress; to repress ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 詏／𬣦 (“to argue; to dispute”) ‖ do not • do not want • do not need to • To indicate an undesirably or unexpectedly large degree or amount. • To indicate that an action or circumstance is undesirable to the speaker.
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|怏 • (ang) · 怏 • (ang) (hangeul 앙, revised ang, McCune–Reischauer ang, Yale ang)
|拗 • (yo) · 拗 • (yo) (hangeul 요, revised yo, McCune–Reischauer yo, Yale yo)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : húc • Hán-Nôm : ao • Hán-Nôm : áo • Hán-Nôm : ảo • Hán-Nôm : nữu
|
|
|怏
|拗
|-
|-
|怵
|拯
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeot¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceot¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seot¹
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kljɯŋʔ) : semantic 手 + phonetic 丞 (OC *ɡljɯŋ, *ɡljɯŋs). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-tjaŋ (“upper part; to rise; to raise”). Related to 承 (OC *ɡljɯŋ, “to receive”), 烝 (OC *kljɯŋ, “to offer (gifts, sacrifices, etc.)”), 登 (OC *tɯːŋ, “to mount; to rise”), 升 (OC *hljɯŋ, “to rise”) (Schuessler, 2007; Sagart and Baxter, 2012).
|to fear; to be afraid • sad; sorrowful ‖ (alt. form 訹／𰵓) to entice; to seduce; to lure
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsín • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsíng • Middle-Chinese : tsyingX
|to rescue; to save; to aid • (literary) to lift; to raise
|
|
|help
|拯 • (jeung) · 拯 • (jeung) (hangeul 증, revised jeung, McCune–Reischauer chŭng, Yale cung)
|help, save, aid • lift, raise
|Hán-Nôm : chửng 拯: Nôm readings: chẳng • Hán-Nôm : chăng • Hán-Nôm : chuộng ‖
| ‖ No, not, negative particle.
|拯
|-
|拱
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kloŋʔ) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 共 (OC *kloŋ, *ɡloŋs).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gung² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kíng • Middle-Chinese : kjowngX
|to fold the hands in front of the breast • to bow; to salute • to surround; to encircle • (archaic) area enclosed by the arms • to push upwards or outwards • to sprout • to arch • arched
|
|
|arch • fold arms
|拱 • (gong) · 拱 • (gong) (hangeul 공, revised gong, McCune–Reischauer kong, Yale kong)
|fold hands on breast • bow, salute
|Hán-Nôm : cõng
|
|
|拱
|-
|拴
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sroːn, *sʰlon) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 全 (OC *zlon).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : saan¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suinn • Middle-Chinese : tshjwen
|to tie; to bind; to fasten (especially with rope) • Alternative form of 栓 (shuān, “bolt”)
|
|
|
|
|怵
|-
|恋
|
|
|
|
| ‖ 恋(こい) • (koi) ^(←こひ (kofi)?) ‖ 恋(こい) • (Koi) ^(←こひ (kofi)?)
|Hán-Nôm : thuyên
|attach • love ‖ love, especially romantic love • longing, yearning ‖ a female given name
|恋 • (ryeon>yeon) · 恋 • (ryeon>yeon) (hangeul 련>연, revised ryeon>yeon, McCune–Reischauer ryŏn>yŏn, Yale lyen>yen)
|
|
|拴
|-
|拼
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *preːŋ) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 并 (OC *peŋ, *peŋs).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ping³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ping¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phìng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ping • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piànn • Middle-Chinese : peang
|to order; to command • to accompany; to follow • to join together; to put together • to spell (in writing) • to be ready to risk one's life; to go all out; to disregard • to enjoy together; to share • (Hokkien) to fight; to quarrel; to compete
|
|
|恋
|to order; to command • to accompany; to follow • to join together; to put together • to spell • to be ready to risk one's life; to go all out; to disregard
|-
|拼 • (byeong) · 拼 • (byeong) (hangeul 병)
|恙
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iōng
|worry • disaster; calamity • illness; ailment • (～蟲) chigger
| ‖ 恙(つつが) • (tsutsuga)
|disaster; calamity ‖ disaster; calamity
|恙 (eum 양 (yang))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : phanh • Hán-Nôm : bính
|
|
|恙
|拼
|-
|-
|恪
|拽
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kok³
| ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖ Possibly a contraction of 遮的 (chia-ê / chiâ-ê / chiah-ê).
|^† respectful; scrupulous • ^† solemn; serious • a surname
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jai⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄞˋ • Middle-Chinese : dzrweaj ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄞ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄞˇ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuâi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuai
|Alternative form of 曳 (yè, “to drag; to tow”) ‖ to drag ‖ (dialectal Mandarin) to throw ‖ to act pretentiously; to show off; to be arrogant, cocky, self-confident, cool, stylish, etc. • (Myanmar) viss (Burmese unit of weight) ‖ (Hokkien) these
|
|
|
|
|恪 (eum 각 (gak))
|拽 • (ye) · 拽 • (ye) (hangeul 예, revised ye, McCune–Reischauer ye, Yale yey)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : dìa • Hán-Nôm : duệ • Hán-Nôm : dấy
|
|
|恪
|拽
|-
|-
|恫
|拿
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dung⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tung¹
|Compound of 合手. \ A later alternative glyph of 拏／拿 (ná) and 挐 for senses related to “to take with hand”. Originally regarded as unorthodox by Zhengzitong and Zihui.
|Cantonese · Jyutping : naa⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄚˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ná • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nâ
|to take; to hold; to grasp • to seize; to capture • to have a firm grasp of • to deliberately make things difficult for; to coerce • to get; to receive • to act; to pretend • by means of; with; by • used to introduce the target of a following verb phrase • (Cantonese) Alternative form of 嗱 • (Northern Wu, Northern Min) particle introducing the object of the verb
|
|
|
|
|feel pain • threaten • groan
|拿 (eumhun 잡을 나 (jabeul na))
|恫 • (tong) · 恫 • (tong) (hangeul 통, revised tong, McCune–Reischauer t'ong, Yale thong)
|hanja form of 나 (“to take”)
|Hán-Nôm : nã • Hán-Nôm : nạ • Hán-Nôm : nả • Hán-Nôm : nà
|
|
|拿
|-
|按
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qaːns) : semantic 扌 + phonetic 安 (OC *qaːn). \ Exoactive of 安 (OC *qaːn, “be calm”), lit. "cause to be settled, calmed".
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : on³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : àn • Middle-Chinese : 'anH
|to push (with hands); to press • to put aside • to restrain • to check against something, chiefly a text • to make comments; to write notes • according to; referring to; following • (Malaysia, Singapore) to withdraw (money) • (Cantonese) to mortgage • (Hokkien) to estimate; to evaluate; to assess; to figure; to suppose; to reckon; to plan • (Hokkien) to pawn; to borrow money while depositing an item as collateral from a pawnshop or someone for later payment • (Hokkien) from (place or time); by; since
| ‖ 按(あん) • (an)
| ‖ push (with hands); press • examine; investigate
|按 • (an, al) · 按 • (an, al) (hangeul 안, 알, revised an, al, McCune–Reischauer an, al, Yale an, al)
|
|
|恫
|Hán-Nôm : án • Hán-Nôm : ấn • Hán-Nôm : ướn
|
|按
|-
|-
|恿
|挖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sǐng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sīng
| ‖  ‖
|Used in 慫恿／怂恿 (sǒngyǒng, “to instigate; to incite”). • Alternative form of 勇 (yǒng, “brave; courage; bravery”)
|Cantonese · Jyutping : waat³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waa¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄚ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uih • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ueh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ua ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : óo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ué ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : iah
|to dig; to dig out; to gouge out; to scoop • (figurative) to explore; to discover; to go deep into • (Hokkien) to uncover; to unveil; to expose; to reveal ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 摀／𰓆 (“to dig”) ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 搤 (iah, “to dig”)
|
|
|
|
|恿 • (yong) · 恿 • (yong) (hangeul 용, revised yong, McCune–Reischauer yong, Yale yong)
|
|
|
|
|恿
|Hán-Nôm : oạt
|
|挖
|-
|-
|悌
|挪
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dai⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tai⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tē
|
|to love and respect one's elder brothers • (chiefly in compounds, of the mind) peaceful; at ease
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : no⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : noo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nôo • Middle-Chinese : na
|to move; to shift on one side
|
|
|
|
|悌 (eum 제 (je))
|挪 • (na) · 挪 • (na) (hangeul 나, revised na, McCune–Reischauer na, Yale na)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : ná • Hán-Nôm : na
|
|
|悌
|挪
|-
|-
|悚
|挺
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sung²
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'eːŋ, *l'eːŋʔ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 廷 (OC *l'eːŋ, *l'eːŋʔ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(p/b)ljaŋ (“straight; straighten”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2003, 2007). \ The intensifier usage “quite; very” is most likely a grammaticalized usage from “outstanding; prominent” (Liu, 2008; Yang, 2021). Alternatively, it may be from Manchu ᡨᡝᠨ (ten, “extreme”) (Aixinjueluo, 1993). ‖
|to fear; to be terrified
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄥˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thánn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thínn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thíng • Middle-Chinese : deng • Middle-Chinese : dengX ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : ting⁴⁻²
|
|straight; erect • to stick out; to straighten up • to endure; to stand • to support • outstanding; prominent • (chiefly Mandarin, Jin, colloquial) quite; rather; pretty; very • Classifier for machine guns. ‖ (Cantonese) kind; sort; type
| ‖ 挺(ちょう) • (-chō)
| ‖ long and narrow things such as guns, scissors, candles, inksticks
|挺 • (jeong) · 挺 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng, Yale ceng)
|
|
|悚 (eum 송 (song))
|Hán-Nôm : đĩnh
|
|
|
|挺
|悚
|-
|-
|悵
|挽
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng³
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *monʔ) : semantic 扌 + phonetic 免 (OC *mronʔ). ‖
|disappointed; dissatisfied
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waan⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : buán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bán • Middle-Chinese : mjonX ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : waan²
|to pull • to pull back; to draw back • (alt. form 輓／挽) to grieve; to mourn; to lament (a person's death) • to save (damages, reputation, lost fortune, etc.); to recover; to reverse • (alt. form 綰／绾) to roll up; to coil • (Southern Min) to pluck; to pick ‖ (Hong Kong Cantonese, Internet slang, leetspeak) Alternative form of 玩 (waan4-2)
|
|
|
|
|悵 (eum 창 (chang))
|挽 • (man) · 挽 • (man) (hangeul 만)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : vãn
|
|
|悵
|挽
|-
|-
|悶
|捂
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄣˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mun⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : būn
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːs) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 吾 (OC *ŋraː, *ŋaː). ‖
|gloomy; depressed; melancholy • bored • stuffy
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ng⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngōo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : onn • Middle-Chinese : nguH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˊ
| ‖ 悶(もん) • (mon)
|to cover ‖ Only used in 枝捂.
| ‖ agony
|
|悶 (eumhun 답답할 민 (dapdaphal min))
|Hanja form of 민 (“agony”).
|chữ Hán form of muộn (“sad, sorrowful”). • Nôm form of muốn (“to want, to desire”).
|悶
|-
|悸
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwai³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwai⁶
|
|
|捂 • (o) · 捂 • (o) (hangeul 오, revised o, McCune–Reischauer o, Yale o)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : ô
|
|
|悸 • (gye) · 悸 • (gye) (hangeul 계, revised gye, McCune–Reischauer kye, Yale kyey)
|捂
|-
|捆
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰuːnʔ) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 困 (OC *kʰuːns).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : kwan² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄣˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khún
|to tie up; to bind; to truss • bundle; bunch • Classifier for bundled items.
|
|
|tie up • bind • truss up • bundle
|捆 • (gon) · 捆 • (gon) (hangeul 곤)
|tie up • bind • truss up • bundle
|Hán-Nôm : khổn
|
|
|悸
|捆
|-
|-
|悻
|捎
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hang⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hang⁵
| ‖  ‖ Cognate to 消 (OC *sew, “to disappear”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|(literary) angry; resentful
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄠ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sa • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sau • Middle-Chinese : sraew ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄠˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : siu¹ • Middle-Chinese : sjew
|to take something to somebody; to bring; to give; to deliver • (Eastern Min, Hokkien) to take; to grab; to seize; to grope; to snatch • (Eastern Min) to search • (Eastern Min) to dredge or scoop out of water indiscriminately • (Eastern Min, of words) harsh, unforgiving • (Matsu Eastern Eastern Min) to stir thoroughly • (literary) to brush; to stroke; to touch lightly • (literary) to lift up; to raise up • (literary) to cut off; to excise ‖ (colloquial, chiefly of livestock, vehicles, etc.) to move backwards • (colloquial, of colour) to fade ‖ to eliminate
|
|
|
|
|悻 (eum 행 (haeng))
|捎 • (so) · 捎 • (so) (hangeul 소, revised so, McCune–Reischauer so, Yale so)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : sao
|
|
|悻
|捎
|-
|-
|悽
|捏
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cai¹
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *niːɡ) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + abbreviated phonetic 涅 (OC *niːɡ). ‖  ‖
|(alt. form 淒／凄) miserable; sorrowful; sad
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄝ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lia̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ni̍h • Middle-Chinese : net ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tīnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tēnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tenn ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : lia̍p • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liap
|
|to pick with fingers; to pinch • to clench; to hold in the hand; to grip • to knead • to mold; to bring together • ^† to fabricate; to concoct; to make up • (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) to press down with one's fingers ‖ (Southern Min) to grasp tightly; to squeeze • (Hokkien, Teochew) to pinch • (Hainanese) to hold (a pen, chopsticks, etc.) • (Malaysian and Singapore Hokkien) to press ‖ (Hokkien) to mold; to knead; to press with one's fingers into certain shapes (of soft objects) • (Hokkien, by extension) to bring up with great pains; to rear with difficulty (a child) • (Hokkien, figurative) to fabricate; to concoct; to make up (something false) • (Mainland China Hokkien, by extension) to do; to be engaged in (especially something negative) • (Taiwanese Hokkien) to fiddle with one's fingers • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to pick with fingers; to pinch • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to make it together • (Hokkien) a surname
|
|
|悽 (eum 처 (cheo))
|knead; mix
|捏 (eumhun 꾸밀 날 (kkumil nal))
|hanja form of 날 (“knead”)
|Hán-Nôm : nát • Hán-Nôm : nạt • Hán-Nôm : nhét • Hán-Nôm : niết
|
|
|
|捏
|悽
|-
|-
|惆
|捐
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cau⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄡ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷen) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 肙 (OC *qʷeːns). \ The pronunciations in many varieties with velar plosive or palatal affricate initial are from 蠲 (MC kwen) (Li, 1988). ‖  ‖
|disappointed; sad; grieved ‖ ^‡ Alternative form of 恘 (qiū, “perverse”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iân • Middle-Chinese : ywen ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢˊ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : gyun¹
|to contribute • to give up; to renounce • to remove • to donate • to spend • tax • to dissipate ‖ Only used in 捐毒 (Yuándú). ‖ (Cantonese) to burrow; to writhe through
|
|
|
|
|惆 (eum 추 (chu))
|捐 • (yeon) · 捐 • (yeon) (hangeul 연, revised yeon, McCune–Reischauer yŏn, Yale yen)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : quyên • Hán-Nôm : quen • Hán-Nôm : quên
|
|
|惆
|捐
|-
|-
|惘
|捧
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mong⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bòng
|disappointed; disconcerted; dejected; discouraged
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pung² • Cantonese · Jyutping : bung² • Cantonese · Jyutping : fung² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phóng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phâng • Middle-Chinese : phjowngX
|to hold up in two hands • to compliment; to exalt; to flatter • Classifier for double handfuls of something.
| ‖ 捧(ささげ) • (Sasage)
|to give, dedicate ‖ a surname
|捧 • (bong) · 捧 • (bong) (hangeul 봉)
|
|
|惘 (eum 망 (mang))
|Hán-Nôm : bổng • Hán-Nôm : bồng • Hán-Nôm : phủng
|
|
|捧
|-
|捶
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjolʔ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 垂 (OC *djol).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄟˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuî • Middle-Chinese : tsyweX
|to strike (with a stick); to beat (with the fists); to lash • to pound
|
|
|惘
|-
|惚
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fat¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hut
|absent-minded; confused
|
|
|fall in love with • admire • grow senile
|捶 • (chu) · 捶 • (chu) (hangeul 추, revised chu, McCune–Reischauer ch'u, Yale chwu)
|惚 (eum 홀 (hol))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : chúi • Hán-Nôm : chúy • Hán-Nôm : chuý • Hán-Nôm : chùy • Hán-Nôm : chuỳ • Hán-Nôm : dồi • Hán-Nôm : thùy • Hán-Nôm : thuỳ • Hán-Nôm : trùy • Hán-Nôm : truỳ
|
|
|惚
|捶
|-
|-
|惧
|捷
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zeb) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 疌 (OC *zeb). \ Austroasiatic; compare Khmer ចាប់ (cap, “to catch, capture, seize, grasp, get”), Chong [script needed] (chap) & Pear [script needed] (chap, “catch”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ Related to 妾 (OC *sʰeb, “slave woman, concubine”) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zeb) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 疌 (OC *zeb). \ Austroasiatic; compare Khmer ចាប់ (cap, “to catch, capture, seize, grasp, get”), Chong [script needed] (chap) & Pear [script needed] (chap, “catch”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ Related to 妾 (OC *sʰeb, “slave woman, concubine”) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zeb) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 疌 (OC *zeb). \ Austroasiatic; compare Khmer ចាប់ (cap, “to catch, capture, seize, grasp, get”), Chong [script needed] (chap) & Pear [script needed] (chap, “catch”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ Related to 妾 (OC *sʰeb, “slave woman, concubine”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zit⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zit³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsia̍p • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsia̍t • Middle-Chinese : dzjep ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄝˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄚ
|to win; to be victorious; to succeed • quick; fast; rapid; swift; nimble; agile • (Hokkien) frequent • spoils of war • to reach ‖ Only used in 捷捷 (qièqiè). ‖ Alternative form of 插 (chā, “to insert; to stick into”)
|
|
|Quick, fast, rapid (はや-い) • Victory, conquest, success (しょうり)
|捷 • (cheop) · 捷 • (cheop) (hangeul 첩, revised cheop, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏp, Yale chep)
|To be quick; to win.
|Hán-Nôm : tiệp • Hán-Nôm : tẹp
|
|
|捷
|-
|掀
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰan) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 欣 (OC *qʰɯn).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : hin¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hin³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hian • Middle-Chinese : xjon
|to raise; to lift (a cover, curtain, etc.) • to rock; to flip over; to topple • to expose; to reveal
|
|
|dread
|
|
|掀 • (heun) · 掀 • (heun) (hangeul 흔, revised heun, McCune–Reischauer hŭn, Yale hun)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : hiên
|
|
|惧
|掀
|-
|-
|惨
|掉
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *deːwʔ, *deːwɢs, *rneːwɢ) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 卓 (OC *rteːwɢ).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : diu⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : deu⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaau⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiō • Middle-Chinese : dewX • Middle-Chinese : dewH • Middle-Chinese : nraewk
|to drop; to fall • to lose; to part • to shake; to wag; to swing • to turn; to move • (dialectal, intransitive) to be missing; to be lost • (Cantonese, Teochew) to throw; to toss • (Cantonese, Teochew) to toss out; to dispose of; to discard • Used along with a verb to indicate completion, usually together with 了 (le); or to indicate imperative mood. • (Mainland China Hokkien) to shake; to shiver
|
|
|
|
|掉 (eum 도 (do))
|
|
|wretched
|Hán-Nôm : trao • Hán-Nôm : chèo • Hán-Nôm : điệu • Hán-Nôm : sạo • Hán-Nôm : trạo • Hán-Nôm : tráo
|惨 • (cham, chim) · 惨 • (cham, chim) (hangeul 참, 침, revised cham, chim, McCune–Reischauer ch'am, ch'im, Yale cham, chim)
|
|
|
|掉
|惨
|-
|-
|惴
|掏
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun²
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰuː, *l'uː) : phonetic 匋 (OC *bl'uː) + semantic 扌 (“hand”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tou⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tou¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thoo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tho • Middle-Chinese : daw
|to take out • to fish out (from a bag or pocket) • to dig • (Eastern Min) to take
|
|
|
|
|掏 (eum 도 (do))
|
|
|惴 (eum 췌 (chwe))
|Hán-Nôm : đào
|
|
|
|掏
|惴
|-
|-
|惺
|掩
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sing¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sing²
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qromʔ) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 奄 (OC *qromʔ).
|(literary) intelligent; clever; astute • (literary) to come to understand; to come to realize
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : am • Hokkien · Tai-lo : om • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iám • Middle-Chinese : 'jemX
|
|to cover • to hide; to conceal; to cover up • to close; to shut • (Cantonese) to close partially • (colloquial) to get pinched; to get caught • (literary, or in compounds) to ambush
|
|
|惺 • (seong, hwang) · 惺 • (seong, hwang) (hangeul 성, 황, revised seong, hwang, McCune–Reischauer sŏng, hwang, Yale seng, hwang)
|cover • conceal
|掩 • (eom) · 掩 • (eom) (hangeul 엄, revised eom, McCune–Reischauer ŏm, Yale em)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : ém
|
|
|惺
|掩
|-
|-
|惻
|揉
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cak¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caak¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshik
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mju) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 柔 (OC *mlju).
|sad; sorrowful; grieved • to be sympathetic; to be empathetic • (literary) sincere; earnest
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiû • Middle-Chinese : nyuw
|to knead; to rub; to massage • to crush by hand
|
|
|
|
|惻 (eum 측 (cheuk))
|揉 • (yu) · 揉 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu, Yale yu)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : nhu
|
|
|惻
|揉
|-
|-
|愀
|揍
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ciu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : cau⁵
|
|to look solemn or sad
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zau³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsòo
|to hit; to beat; to strike • (colloquial) to break; to smash to break by falling
|
|
|
|
|愀 (eum 초 (cho))
|
|
|
|
|愀
|Hán-Nôm : tẩu • Hán-Nôm : tấu
|
|揍
|-
|-
|愎
|插
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bik¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fuk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pi̍k
|obstinate; stubborn; headstrong
|
|
|
|愎 (eumhun 강퍅할 퍅 (gangpyakhal pyak))
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caap³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshap • Middle-Chinese : tsrheap
|Hanja form of 퍅 (“obstinate; stubborn; headstrong”).
|to stick into; to insert; to poke; to pierce • to interpose; to insert; to cut in • to participate; to take part in; to mix; to mingle • (literary) to plant • (Cantonese) to scold; to criticize • (Eastern Min, Hokkien, Singapore Teochew) to take notice of; to pay attention to; to heed • (Southern Min) to support someone by the armpit • (Hokkien) to interfere; to intervene; to meddle • (Mainland China Hokkien) to pin something to one's waist, etc. • (Mainland China Hokkien) to mix up; to jumble up • (Mainland China Hokkien, card games) to shuffle • (Taiwanese Hokkien) to bet; to wager • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to kidnap (for ransom) • Alternative form of 鍤／锸 (chā, “spade; shovel”)
|
|
|愎
|-
|愜
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hip³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hip⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiap
|
|
|插 • (sap) · 插 • (sap) (hangeul 삽, revised sap, McCune–Reischauer sap, Yale sap)
|
|
|be satisfied • be comfortable
|Hán-Nôm : sáp
|愜 (eum 협 (hyeop))
|be satisfied • be comfortable
|
|
|愜
|插
|-
|-
|愴
|揣
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cong³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cong²
|Characters in the same phonetic series (耑) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *toːlʔ, *sʰrolʔ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 耑 (OC *toːn). ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖
|(literary) sad; sorrowful • Alternative form of 滄／沧 (cāng, “cold”) ‖ Only used in 愴怳／怆怳 (chuǎnghuǎng).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄞˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi² • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshué • Middle-Chinese : tsrhjweX ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshēr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshěr ‖  ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄛˇ • Middle-Chinese : twaX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄞˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄞˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄞ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄞˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄟ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄢˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tyun⁴
|to speculate; to guess • to measure; to estimate; to assess • to try; to attempt • to hold; to grab • a surname ‖ (Southern Min, Puxian Min, dialectal Eastern Min) to look for; to seek ‖ (Hakka) to guess ‖ to measure, to estimate • to shake, to rock ‖ Only used in 囊揣 (nāngchuài) and 掙揣／挣揣 (zhèngchuài). ‖ to hide or carry something in clothes • to be pregnant • to impose onto someone ‖ to strike ‖ to measure ‖ Alternative form of 團／团 (tuán, “assembled; gathered”)
|
|
|
|sad, pathetic
|揣 • (chwi, ta) · 揣 • (chwi, ta) (hangeul 취, 타)
|愴 (eum 창 (chang))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : súy • Hán-Nôm : suý • Hán-Nôm : sủy • Hán-Nôm : suỷ
|
|
|愴
|揣
|-
|-
|愼
|揩
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄞ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khai • Middle-Chinese : kheaj • Middle-Chinese : kheajH
|to wipe; to clean • (Cantonese) to brush; to come into slight contact with
|
|
|
|
|humility • be careful • discrete • prudent
|揩 • (gae) · 揩 • (gae) (hangeul 개, revised gae, McCune–Reischauer kae, Yale kay)
|愼 (eumhun 삼갈 신 (samgal sin))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : day • Hán-Nôm : khải
|
|
|愼
|揩
|-
|-
|愾
|揪
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : koi³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hei³
|
|(literary) to hate; to resent; to be angry ‖ ^† to sigh
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiû
|to grasp with one's hand; to pinch
|
|
|
|
|愾 • (gae, hui) · 愾 • (gae, hui) (hangeul 개, 희, revised gae, hui, McCune–Reischauer kae, hŭi, Yale kay, huy)
|
|
|
|
|愾
|Hán-Nôm : thu • Hán-Nôm : tù
|
|揪
|-
|-
|慇
|揭
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan¹
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰrads, *ked, *kʰrad, *ɡrad, *kad, *ɡad) : semantic 扌 + phonetic 曷 (OC *ɡaːd). ‖  ‖  ‖
|careful, anxious, attentive • Alternative form of 殷 (“courteous; intimate”)
|Cantonese · Jyutping : kit³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kia̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiat • Middle-Chinese : kjot • Middle-Chinese : gjot • Middle-Chinese : gjet • Middle-Chinese : khjet • Middle-Chinese : kjet ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kit³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gai⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hei³ • Middle-Chinese : khjejH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˊ
| ‖ 慇(いん) • (in)
|to raise; to lift up • to uncover; to unveil; to expose; to reveal • to tear off; to take off • a surname ‖ Used in place names. ‖ to lift up one's clothes ‖ ^‡ to block up
| ‖ Only used in 慇懃 (ingin, “courteous; intimate”)
|慇 (eum 은 (eun))
|
|
|to raise • to lift up
|揭 (eumhun 높이 들 게 (nopi deul ge))
|hanja form of 게 (“to lift; to raise”)
|Hán-Nôm : yết
|
|
|慇
|揭
|-
|-
|慍
|搏
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ùn
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *paɡs, *paːɡ, *pʰaːɡ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 尃 (OC *pʰa).
|(literary) to be angry; to resent
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bok³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pok • Middle-Chinese : pjuH • Middle-Chinese : phak • Middle-Chinese : pak
|to come to blows • to beat; to pulsate; to throb • to struggle; to wrestle; to work hard; to strive • to suddenly attack; to give a surprise attack; to pounce • to pillage; to plunder; to take away by force; to snatch; to wrest; to seize • to arrest; to apprehend
|
|
|be angry (excited)
|seize • spring upon • strike
|慍 (eum 온 (on))
| ‖
| ‖
|Hán-Nôm : vác • Hán-Nôm : bác
|
|
|搏
|-
|搓
| ‖ From 搋 (caai1).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : co¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsho • Hokkien · Tai-lo : so • Middle-Chinese : tsha ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : caai¹
|to rub between hands • (Shanghainese) to flirt with; to pick up ‖ (Cantonese) to knead with hands; to mix with hands; to rub • (Cantonese, ball games) to pass the ball back and forth
|
|
|慍
|-
|慚
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caam⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshân
|ashamed; embarrassed
|
|
|搓 (eum 차 (cha))
|
|Hán-Nôm : sai • Hán-Nôm : tha • Hán-Nôm : xaay • Hán-Nôm : xay • Hán-Nôm : xoay • Hán-Nôm : thoa • Hán-Nôm : xây
|
|
|慚 • (cham) · 慚 • (cham) (hangeul 참, revised cham, McCune–Reischauer ch'am, Yale cham)
|搓
|-
|搔
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *suː) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 蚤 (OC *ʔsuːʔ, “flea, louse”). \ Schuessler (2007) considers 掃 (OC *suːʔ, *suːs, “to brush”) to be cognate and suggests a Sino-Tibetan etymology, relating it to Chepang साव्सा (saw-, “to itch”), सोस्सा (sos‑, “to itch”), Bodo (India) [script needed] (su-, “to itch”). \ Baxter and Sagart (2014) relates it to 爪 (OC *ʔsruːʔ, “claw”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sou¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : so • Hokkien · Tai-lo : soo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sau • Middle-Chinese : saw
|to scratch
| ‖
|to scratch • to make noise ‖
|搔 • (so) · 搔 • (so) (hangeul 소, revised so, McCune–Reischauer so, Yale so)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : trao • Hán-Nôm : tao • Hán-Nôm : trau
|
|
|慚
|搔
|-
|-
|慝
|搖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tik¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nik¹
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iô • Middle-Chinese : yew
|to wag; to swing; to wave • to shake • to scull
|
|
|
|
|慝 (eum 특 (teuk))
|搖 • (yo) · 搖 • (yo) (hangeul 요)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : gieo • Hán-Nôm : dao • Hán-Nôm : diêu • Hán-Nôm : vêu
|
|
|慝
|搖
|-
|-
|慟
|搞
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dung⁶
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kruːʔ) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 高.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄠˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : káu
|to do (usually bad things) • to work in; to be engaged in • to make; to produce • to manage; to take care of • to get; to get hold of • to set up; to organize • (slang) to have sex; to fuck
|
|
|
|
|
|
|慟 (eum 통 (tong))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : cào • Hán-Nôm : cạo • Hán-Nôm : cảo • Hán-Nôm : xao • Hán-Nôm : quào
|
|
|慟
|搞
|-
|-
|慫
|携
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sung² ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄥˊ
|(obsolete) to be afraid; to be frightened; to be alarmed • Used in 慫恿／怂恿 (sǒngyǒng, “to instigate; to incite; to provoke”). ‖ Alternative form of 㞞／𪨊 (sóng)
|
|
|
|
|慫 • (jong) · 慫 • (jong) (hangeul 종, revised jong, McCune–Reischauer chong, Yale cong)
|
|
|
|
|慫
|portable
|-
|携 (eumhun 멜 휴 (mel hyu))
|慼
|
|Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshueh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsheh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshereh
|(Mainland China Hokkien) to sob; to cry softly • (Taiwanese and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to loathe; to hate; to dislike; to be disgusted with • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to resolve to repent and mend one's ways • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) sorrowful; mournful
|
|
|
|
|慼 • (cheok) · 慼 • (cheok) (hangeul 척, revised cheok, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏk, Yale chek)
|携
|-
|搾
|
|
|
|
|慼
|-
|憊
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baai⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pāi
|tired; weary; fatigued
|
|
|
|
|憊 (eum 비 (bi))
|squeeze
|搾 • (chak) · 搾 • (chak) (hangeul 착, revised chak, McCune–Reischauer ch'ak, Yale chak)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : trá
|
|
|憊
|搾
|-
|-
|憑
|摔
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pang⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pîn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pîng ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : bang⁶ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : peng¹
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 率. ‖
|to lean on; to lean against • to depend on; to rely on • (colloquial) no matter • on the basis of; according to; by • proof; evidence • (literary) to request • Alternative form of 馮／冯 (“to wade across a river”) ‖ (Cantonese, Hakka) to lean against ‖ back (of a chair); backrest
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄞ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seot¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sut • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suai ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : siàng
|to stumble; to lose one's balance; to fall • to plunge; to fall • to cause to fall and break • to fling; to cast; to throw • to beat; to knock; to thresh (to remove anything attached) • (Hokkien) to eat quickly • (Hokkien) to whip; to flog (with a whip, rod, etc.) • (Hokkien) whip; whisk • (Mainland China Hokkien) to glance quickly • (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) to quickly shoot ‖ (Taiwanese Hokkien) to throw down forcefully on the ground
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|to lean on • to depend on • (of a spirit) to possess
|憑 (eumhun 기댈 빙 (gidael bing))
|Hanja form of 빙 (“lean”).
|equal, even
|憑
|-
|憚
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : daan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuānn
|(literary) to fear
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|憚 • (tan) · 憚 • (tan) (hangeul 탄)
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|
|Hán-Nôm : suất • Hán-Nôm : suốt
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|憚
|摔
|-
|-
|懍
|摧
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lam⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lún
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|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshui • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : juê • Middle-Chinese : dzwoj
|to break; to smash; to destroy
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|摧 (eum 최 (choe))
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|Hán-Nôm : chuôi • Hán-Nôm : tòi • Hán-Nôm : tồi • Hán-Nôm : choi • Hán-Nôm : thuy • Hán-Nôm : toi • Hán-Nôm : thuôi
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|
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|摧
|懍
|-
|-
|懣
|摯
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mun⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mun⁶
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjibs) : phonetic 執 (OC *tjib) + semantic 手 (“hand”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsì • Middle-Chinese : tsyijH
|sincere; earnest • Emperor Zhi, legendary ruler of ancient China • a surname • Zhi, a state of Shang-era China, connected with the Ren clan • Alternative form of 鷙／鸷 (zhì, “fierce, ferocious”)
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|sincere; seriousness • to hold in the hand • gift (present typically carried by the visitor for ceremonious occasions) • to reach; to be full of • Alternative spelling of 鷙: bird of prey
|摯 • (ji) · 摯 • (ji) (hangeul 지, revised ji, McCune–Reischauer chi, Yale ci)
|
|
|worry • agony • anger
|Hán-Nôm : chí
|懣 (eum 문 (mun))
|be sick at heart • sorrowful, sad
|
|
|懣
|摯
|-
|-
|懵
|摸
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄥˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄥˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mung² • Cantonese · Jyutping : mung⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : báng
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *maː, *maːɡ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 莫 (OC *maːɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *maː, *maːɡ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 莫 (OC *maːɡ).
|absent-minded; stupid; muddle-headed
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄠ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : boo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : moo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mong • Middle-Chinese : mak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mou⁴ • Middle-Chinese : mu
|to touch; to feel (with the hand); to caress • to fish for; to fumble; to grope for • to feel out; to sound out • to feel one's way; to grope • to be sluggish ‖ Alternative form of 摹 (mó) • Used in 摸棱.
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|摸 (eum 모 (mo))
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|Hán-Nôm : mò • Hán-Nôm : mó • Hán-Nôm : mọ • Hán-Nôm : mô • Hán-Nôm : mạc
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|摸
|懵
|-
|-
|懶
|摹
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laan⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nuā
|lazy; indolent; slothful • sluggish; drowsy • (often with 得) too lazy to do something; not feeling like doing something
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|
|languid • be lazy • be negligent
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mou⁴
|懶 (eum 라 (ra), South Korea 나 (na)) · 懶 (eum 란 (ran), South Korea 난 (nan))
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|
|懶
|-
|懺
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caam³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cim³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshàm
|to repent • to confess on account of repentance
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|
|摹 • (mo) · 摹 • (mo) (hangeul 모, revised mo, McCune–Reischauer mo, Yale mo)
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|
|懺 • (cham) · 懺 • (cham) (hangeul 참, revised cham, McCune–Reischauer ch'am, Yale cham)
|Hán-Nôm : mò
|
|
|chữ Hán form of sám (“repent”).
|摹
|懺
|-
|-
|懿
|撇
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ì
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰeːd) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 敝 (OC *beds, *bed). ‖  ‖
|(literary) virtuous; admirable; esteemed
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄝ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄝˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pit³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phia̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phuat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiap ‖  ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : phih
|to discard; to abandon; to throw away • to skim; to clear (a liquid) from the substance (oil, foam, etc.) floating on it • to move the corners of one's mouth downward (to express disdain, disgust, distrust or unhappiness) • (Chinese calligraphy) stroke that falls downwards towards the left (㇒) • (Cantonese, of rain) to move in a slanted direction • (Cantonese) to leave (without concern) • (Hakka) to flog the buttocks; to spank; to smack lightly with palm • (Hokkien) skill; ability • (Mainland China Hokkien) to drift with the wind • (Xiamen and Taiwanese Hokkien) charming; fashionable; good-looking; smart • (Taiwanese Hokkien) to write a left falling stroke • (Taiwanese Hokkien) to write unseriously • (Taiwanese Hokkien) to turn one's head away ‖ (Hakka) Used after a verb to indicate perfective aspect (action completion). • (Hakka) Normally followed by 了 to mark a state change. ‖ (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) to lightly scoop from the surface of something (oil, etc.) • (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) to cut meat with a knife
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|(literary) beautiful; splendid
|懿 • (ui) · 懿 • (ui) (hangeul 의, revised ui, McCune–Reischauer ŭi, Yale uy)
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|
|chữ Hán form of ý (“good, fine, virtuous”).
|懿
|-
|戍
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : syu³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sù
|to defend the frontier; (in general) to defend; to garrison • (literary) soldier that defends the border • (literary) barracks housing a garrison; garrison
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|
|sword
|Hán-Nôm : phét • Hán-Nôm : phết • Hán-Nôm : phệt • Hán-Nôm : phiết
|戍 • (su) · 戍 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu)
|
|
|chữ Hán form of thú (“border defense, border garrison”).
|撇
|戍
|-
|-
|戕
|撒
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄤ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiâng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄤ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *saːd) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 散 (OC *saːnʔ, *saːns) – to scatter with the hand.‘ \ Cognate with 散 (OC *saːnʔ, *saːns, “to disperse; scattered”). See there for more. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *saːd) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 散 (OC *saːnʔ, *saːns) – to scatter with the hand.‘ \ Cognate with 散 (OC *saːnʔ, *saːns, “to disperse; scattered”). See there for more. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *saːd) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 散 (OC *saːnʔ, *saːns) – to scatter with the hand.‘ \ Cognate with 散 (OC *saːnʔ, *saːns, “to disperse; scattered”). See there for more.
|to kill • to harm • to destroy • (historical) an ancient axe ‖ Only used in 戕牁. ‖ Alternative form of 牁 (kē)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saat³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sat ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saat³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sat ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄚˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄚ
|to cast away; to let go • (colloquial) to excrete (urine); to piss • (derogatory) to throw off one's constraint • (Singapore Hokkien) nevermind; forget it; to let a matter drop ‖ to scatter; to sprinkle; to disperse • to spill • (Hokkien) to add into food (of seasoning, liquid, powder, etc.) ‖ a surname
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|
|kill • slay • wound • injure • hurt
|scatter, sprinkle, strew
|戕 (eumhun 죽일 장 (jugil jang))
|撒 (eumhun 뿌릴 살 (ppuril sal))
|kill • slay • wound • injure • hurt
|hanja form of 살 (“scatter, sprinkle, strew”)
|Hán-Nôm : tát • Hán-Nôm : tản • Hán-Nôm : rát
|
|
|戕
|撒
|-
|-
|戛
|撕
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aat³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaat³
|First usage replaced 斯 (sī, “to tear”). Cognate with 廝／厮 (sī, “to split; woodcutter”), also spelled 㒋 (sī). ‖ First usage replaced 斯 (sī, “to tear”). Cognate with 廝／厮 (sī, “to split; woodcutter”), also spelled 㒋 (sī).
|lance • tap or strike lightly
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙ • Cantonese · Jyutping : si¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si • Hokkien · Tai-lo : su ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sai¹ • Middle-Chinese : sej
|
|to shred; to tear; to rip • (neologism) to fight; to attack; to assault ‖ Only used in 提撕.
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|撕 (eum 서 (seo))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tê • Hán-Nôm : ti
|
|
|戛
|撕
|-
|-
|戟
|撞
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kik
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rdoːŋ, *rdoːŋs) : semantic 扌 + phonetic 童 (OC *doːŋ).
|halberd with both a crescent blade and spear tip used in ancient China • to stimulate; to provoke
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄤˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄤˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄤˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tn̄g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshīng • Middle-Chinese : draewng • Middle-Chinese : draewngH
| ‖ 戟(げき) • (geki)
|to hit; to bump against; to strike; to run into; to collide • to rush • to meet by chance; to bump into; to come across; to encounter • (of events) to clash; to coincide • to coincide • (Cantonese) to guess
|type of weapon (halberd or spear) ‖ Ji (halberd used in ancient China)
|戟 (eum 극 (geuk))
|Hanja form of 극 (“Ji, halberd used in ancient China”).
|chữ Hán form of kích (“Ji, halberd used in ancient China”).
|戟
|-
|戡
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ham¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kham ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣˇ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : zam³
|to subjugate; to subdue; to quell ‖ ^‡ ‖ Alternative form of 揕 (zhèn)
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|
|victory
|戡 • (gam) · 戡 • (gam) (hangeul 감, revised gam, McCune–Reischauer kam, Yale kam)
|subjugate • subdue, quell • kill
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|
|戡
|撞 • (dang) · 撞 • (dang) (hangeul 당, revised dang, McCune–Reischauer tang, Yale tang)
|-
|戢
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cap¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tship
|(literary, archaic) to store up (weapons) • (literary, archaic) to draw back; to fold back • (literary, archaic) to stop; to put an end to
|
|
|to put away • to cease • store up
|Hán-Nôm : chàng • Hán-Nôm : tràng
|戢 (eum 집 (jip))
|to put away • to cease • store up
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|戢
|撞
|-
|-
|戮
|撩
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : luk⁶ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : lak
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːw, *reːwʔ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 尞 (). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːw, *reːwʔ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 尞 (). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːw, *reːwʔ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 尞 (). ‖
|to kill; to massacre • to humiliate; to disgrace • to behead a corpse (as posthumous punishment) • to join forces; to cooperate ‖ (Hokkien) to use a tool to pierce an object
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : liu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liô • Middle-Chinese : lew ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : liu¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : liu⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : liu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : liu¹ • Middle-Chinese : lewX
|to arrange • Used in 撩亂／撩乱 (“chaotic”). • to wind around; to pester • to take; to pluck • to tease; to incite; to provoke • (originally dialectal, slang) to flirt with; to pick up ‖ to raise • to sprinkle ‖ Alternative form of 撂 (liào) • to glance • Used in 撩峭. ‖ (literary or Cantonese) to pick at; to dig at
|
|
|kill
|to raise; to lift • to make orderly
|戮 • (ryuk>yuk) · 戮 • (ryuk>yuk) (hangeul 륙>육, revised ryuk>yuk, McCune–Reischauer ryuk>yuk, Yale lyuk>yuk)
|撩 • (ryo>yo) · 撩 • (ryo>yo) (hangeul 료>요, revised ryo>yo, McCune–Reischauer ryo>yo, Yale lyo>yo)
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|Hán-Nôm : lêu • Hán-Nôm : bêu • Hán-Nôm : leo • Hán-Nôm : liệu • Hán-Nôm : liêu • Hán-Nôm : treo • Hán-Nôm : trêu • Hán-Nôm : cheo • Hán-Nôm : đeo • Hán-Nôm : gieo
|
|
|戮
|撩
|-
|-
|戶
|撬
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hōo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hǒo
| ‖
|^† door • ^⁜ family; household • Classifier for households. • (only in compounds) bank account • a surname
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : giu⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hiu³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiau ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiauh
|to pry open • (alt. form 翹／翘) to lift; to raise ‖ (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to pry open
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|door
|戶 (eumhun 지게문 호 (jigemun ho))
|house • hole
|
|
|戶
|Hán-Nôm : khiêu
|
|撬
|-
|-
|户
|撰
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaan⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaan³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuān • Middle-Chinese : dzrwaenX • Middle-Chinese : dzrjwenX
|to write; to compose; to compile
|
|
|composing • choosing
|撰 (eumhun 지을 찬 (jieul chan)) ‖ 撰 (eumhun 가릴 천 (garil cheon))
| ‖
|Hán-Nôm : soạn • Hán-Nôm : chọn • Hán-Nôm : chộn • Hán-Nôm : dọn • Hán-Nôm : dốn • Hán-Nôm : rộn • Hán-Nôm : soảng • Hán-Nôm : soạng
|
|
|撰
|-
|撲
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *broːɡ, *pʰoːɡ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : puk¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pok³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phok • Middle-Chinese : phuwk
|to beat; to strike • to pat; to slap • to dab; to smear; to apply • to rest one's upper body on a surface; to bend over a surface • (American (1980–)) to pull over • a surname: Pu
|
|
|to beat, to strike
|撲 • (bak, bok) · 撲 • (bak, bok) (hangeul 박, 복)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : vục • Hán-Nôm : buộc • Hán-Nôm : phác • Hán-Nôm : phốc • Hán-Nôm : vọc
|
|
|
|撲
|户
|-
|-
|扈
|撼
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hǒo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hōo
|(literary) escort; retinue • (literary) to restrain; to prevent
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ham⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hām • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hám • Middle-Chinese : homX
|to shake; to rock
|
|
|扈 (eum 호 (ho))
|move
|撼 • (gam) · 撼 • (gam) (hangeul 감, revised gam, McCune–Reischauer kam, Yale kam)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : cắn • Hán-Nôm : hám
|
|
|扈
|撼
|-
|-
|抉
|擂
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kyut³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuat
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ruːl, *ruːls) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 雷 (OC *ruːl). ‖
|(literary) to gouge; to dig out; to pick out • (literary) to pick out; to select out • (literary) to pierce; to puncture; to butcher • (literary) to reveal; to expose • (Hokkien) to slap; to hit with one's palm • (Hokkien) to plaster; to paint; to daub (on a wall, etc.) • (Mainland China Hokkien) to apply on one's face, hands, etc. (of powder, oil, etc.) • (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to sweep across to knock over • (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to surpass; to be better than; to overtake
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luî ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luî
|to grind • to beat • (Hakka) to wipe hard/ roughly ‖ Only used in 擂臺／擂台 (lèitái).
|
|
|gouge • hollow out • bore • pry
|grind • mash • grate
|抉 • (gyeol) · 抉 • (gyeol) (hangeul 결, revised gyeol, McCune–Reischauer kyŏl, Yale kyel)
|choose, select • gouge, pluck out
|
|
|抉
|
|Hán-Nôm : lôi • Hán-Nôm : soi
|
|擂
|-
|-
|抨
|擅
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ping¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ping⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paang¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piann • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pîng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄥ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djans) : semantic 手 (“hands”) + phonetic 亶 (OC *taːnʔ).
|to shoot with a catapult • to pat; to beat • to censure; to attack; to impeach • (Hakka) to slap with the palm of the hand ‖ to make (someone do something); to let
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siān • Middle-Chinese : dzyenH
|to hold all in one's hands; to monopolize • to own; to possess • to be good at • to do on one's own initiative; to do according to one's wishes
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|
|
|censure, impeach
|擅 • (cheon) · 擅 • (cheon) (hangeul 천, revised cheon, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏn, Yale chen)
|抨 (eum 평 (pyeong))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : chen • Hán-Nôm : thiện
|
|
|抨
|擅
|-
|-
|抿
|擇
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : man⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : man⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bín
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rlaːɡ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 睪 (OC *neb, *laːɡ, *kuː).
|to smooth; to brush • to purse; to pucker • to sip • (Hokkien) brush (tool) • (Hokkien) to brush
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄜˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaak⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ti̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : to̍h • Middle-Chinese : draek
|to select; to choose; to pick out
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|
|
|
|擇 (eumhun 가릴 택 (garil taek))
|hanja form of 택 (“to select; selection”)
|Hán-Nôm : trạch
|
|
|擇
|-
|擊
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *keːɡ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 毄 () – to strike with the hand.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kit • Middle-Chinese : kek
|to strike; to hit; to beat • to stab; to pierce • to attack; to fight • to come into contact with
|
|
|strike
|擊 (eumhun 칠 격 (chil gyeok))
|hanja form of 격 (“strike”)
|Hán-Nôm : kếch • Hán-Nôm : ghếch • Hán-Nôm : kích
|
|
|抿
|擊
|-
|-
|担
|擎
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : king⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kìn • Middle-Chinese : gjaeng
|to prop up; to hold up; to lift up • (Hakka) to raise one's hand or arm
|
|
|lift up • hold up • support
|擎 • (gyeong) · 擎 • (gyeong) (hangeul 경, revised gyeong, McCune–Reischauer kyŏng, Yale kyeng)
|lift up • to support • to hold
|Hán-Nôm : kình
|
|
|to carry, to bear, to shoulder • raise
|擎
|担 • (dan) · 担 • (dan) (hangeul 단, revised dan, McCune–Reischauer tan, Yale tan)
|-
|擒
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡrɯm) : semantic 扌 + phonetic 禽 (OC *ɡrɯm).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kam⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khîm • Middle-Chinese : gim
|to catch; to capture; to seize; to arrest • to hold; to grasp • (Cantonese) to climb
| ‖ 擒(とりこ) • (toriko)
| ‖ a prisoner, captive, slave
|擒 • (geum) · 擒 • (geum) (hangeul 금, revised geum, McCune–Reischauer kŭm, Yale kum)
|catch, capture, seize, arrest
|canonical : 擒: Hán Việt readings: cầm 擒: Nôm readings: cầm
|chữ Hán form of cầm (“to hold, keep, capture, seize, arrest”).
|擒
|-
|擔
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taːm, *taːms) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 詹 (OC *tjam) – to carry by hand. \ According to STEDT, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tam (“to carry on shoulder”), whence Burmese ထမ်း (htam:, “to carry on the shoulder”). Schuessler (2007), on the other hand, notes 擔 (OC *taːm) is an area word whose source is probably Austroasiatic; compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *klam ~ *kləm (“to carry on shoulder”), whence Khmu klam (“to carry on shoulder”). An alternative form with initial *t which agrees with later Old Chinese is widespread; compare also Khmer ទាំ (tŏəm, “to tire of; to bear”), Khmer ទ្រាំ (trŏəm, “to bear; to endure”), Proto-Hmong-Mien *ntam (“to carry on shoulder”), whence Iu Mien daːm¹, and Proto-Tai *trwaːmᴬ (“to carry on the back”), whence Thai หาม (hǎam, “to carry”). \ The softened initial in Northern Min points to OC pre-nasalization which is supported by Iu Mien daːm¹ (Schuessler, 2007), an early Chinese loan into Hmong-Mien (Baxter and Sagart, 2014). \ 擔 (OC *taːms) is 擔 (OC *taːm) with the passive s/h-suffix, literally "what is carried". ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taːm, *taːms) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 詹 (OC *tjam) – to carry by hand. \ According to STEDT, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tam (“to carry on shoulder”), whence Burmese ထမ်း (htam:, “to carry on the shoulder”). Schuessler (2007), on the other hand, notes 擔 (OC *taːm) is an area word whose source is probably Austroasiatic; compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *klam ~ *kləm (“to carry on shoulder”), whence Khmu klam (“to carry on shoulder”). An alternative form with initial *t which agrees with later Old Chinese is widespread; compare also Khmer ទាំ (tŏəm, “to tire of; to bear”), Khmer ទ្រាំ (trŏəm, “to bear; to endure”), Proto-Hmong-Mien *ntam (“to carry on shoulder”), whence Iu Mien daːm¹, and Proto-Tai *trwaːmᴬ (“to carry on the back”), whence Thai หาม (hǎam, “to carry”). \ The softened initial in Northern Min points to OC pre-nasalization which is supported by Iu Mien daːm¹ (Schuessler, 2007), an early Chinese loan into Hmong-Mien (Baxter and Sagart, 2014). \ 擔 (OC *taːms) is 擔 (OC *taːm) with the passive s/h-suffix, literally "what is carried".
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tann • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tam • Middle-Chinese : tam ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : daam³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄢˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tànn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tàm • Middle-Chinese : tamH
|to carry on a shoulder pole • to bear; to shoulder; to undertake • (Cantonese) to hold in one's mouth ‖ carrying pole with loads on both ends • burden; load; responsibilities • picul, a traditional Chinese unit of weight equal to 100 catties · (Mainland China) picul; equal to 50 kilograms • picul, a traditional Chinese unit of weight equal to 100 catties · (Hong Kong) picul; equal to 60.478982 kilograms • Classifier for things carried on a shoulder pole: load
|
|
|A traditional unit of measurement equivalent to 60kg or approximately 132.3lb • shouldering • carry • raise • bear
|擔 (eumhun 멜 담 (mel dam))
|hanja form of 담 (“shouldering”) • hanja form of 담 (“carry”) • hanja form of 담 (“raise”) • hanja form of 담 (“bear”)
|Hán-Nôm : đâm • Hán-Nôm : đảm • Hán-Nôm : tạ
|
|
|担
|擔
|-
|-
|拈
|據
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄢ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nim¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nim⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liam • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ni
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kas) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 豦 (OC *kas, *ɡa). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kas) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 豦 (OC *kas, *ɡa).
|pick up with fingers or draw lots
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geoi³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kìr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kù • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kì • Middle-Chinese : kjoH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˇ
|to depend on; to rely on • according to; based on • to occupy; to take possession of; to seize • (literary, or in compounds) evidence; base; proof • (literary) to cite; to quote • a surname: Ju ‖ to catch; to seize
|
|
|
|to twist
|據 • (geo) · 據 • (geo) (hangeul 거, revised geo, McCune–Reischauer kŏ, Yale ke)
|拈 • (nyeom>yeom) · 拈 • (nyeom>yeom) (hangeul 념>염, revised nyeom>yeom, McCune–Reischauer nyŏm>yŏm, Yale nyem>yem)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : cớ • Hán-Nôm : cứ
|
|
|拈
|據
|-
|-
|拋
|擬
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pha • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phua
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋɯʔ) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 疑 (OC *ŋɯ).
|to throw away; to discard; to cast; to toss • to give up; to abandon; to reject • to sell in large quantities or at low prices • (literary, or in compounds) to reveal; to expose; to uncover
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gí • Middle-Chinese : ngiX
|to compare • to imitate; to copy; to emulate; to mimic • to plan; to propose • to draft; to devise; to draw up • to presuppose; to hypothesise; to assert
|
|mimic, imitate • guess, suspect • pseudo-, mock-
|擬 (eumhun 비길 의 (bigil ui))
|hanja form of 의 (“to compare”) • hanja form of 의 (“to imitate; to emulate”)
|Hán-Nôm : nghĩ • Hán-Nôm : nghỉ
|
|
|擬
|-
|擴
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷlaːŋs, *kʰʷaːɡ) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 廣 (OC *kʷaːŋʔ) – to stretch or enlarge with hands.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwok³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwok³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwong³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kong³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khok • Middle-Chinese : hwangH
|to expand; to enlarge; to stretch
|
|
|拋 • (po) · 拋 • (po) (hangeul 포)
|broaden
|擴 • (hwak, gwang) · 擴 • (hwak, gwang) (hangeul 확, 광, revised hwak, gwang, McCune–Reischauer hwak, kwang, Yale hwak, kwang)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : quẳng • Hán-Nôm : huếch • Hán-Nôm : khoác • Hán-Nôm : khoách • Hán-Nôm : khuếch
|
|
|拋
|擴
|-
|-
|拎
|攀
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ning¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰraːn) : phonetic 樊 (OC *ban) + semantic 手 (“hand”).
|to lift; to carry in one's hand • (Cantonese) to take; to hold
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phan • Middle-Chinese : phaen
|to climb upwards; to clamber • to pull; to cling to • to seek connections in high places • to implicate; to involve • a surname: Pan
|
|
|
|
|攀 • (ban) · 攀 • (ban) (hangeul 반)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : phan • Hán-Nôm : phàn
|
|
|
|攀
|拎
|-
|-
|拚
|攝
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄣ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pun³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pun² • Cantonese · Jyutping : pun¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ping¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piànn ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄢˋ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *neːb, *ʔnjeb) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 聶 (OC *neb). ‖  ‖ Compare Wuming Zhuang saeb (“to insert into a gap”), Hlai nyiep (/⁠ȵiːp⁷⁠/, “to insert into a gap”).
|Original form of 拼 (pīn). ‖ to clap
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄜˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siap • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liap • Middle-Chinese : syep ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nip⁶ • Middle-Chinese : nep ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : sip³
|to take in; to absorb; to extract • to take a photograph • (literary) to hold; to grasp; to drag • (literary) to manage; to command; to administer • (literary) to act as an agent; to be a representative; to act as a proxy • (literary) to arrest; to apprehend • (literary) to draw; to attract • (literary) to assist • (literary) to be squeezed in between • (literary) to maintain one's health; to keep fit • (Chinese phonetics) rhyme group; rhyme class (one of 16 sets of 韻 in Middle Chinese) ‖ Only used in 攝然／摄然. ‖ to squeeze into; to wedge in • to raise something by putting another thing underneath
|
|
|risk • disregard • go all out for
|
|
|攝 • (seop, yeop) · 攝 • (seop, yeop) (hangeul 섭, 엽, revised seop, yeop, McCune–Reischauer sŏp, yŏp, Yale sep, yep)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : nhép • Hán-Nôm : nếp • Hán-Nôm : nhiếp • Hán-Nôm : xếp • Hán-Nôm : nhẹp • Hán-Nôm : nhíp • Hán-Nôm : triếp
|
|
|拚
|攝
|-
|-
|拮
|敞
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gat¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : git³
|Compare Tibetan ཐང (thang, “plain; flatland”) (Coblin, 1986).
|Used in 拮据 (jiéjū).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cong² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiáng • Middle-Chinese : tsyhangX
|spacious; open; broad; roomy • to be open; to leave (something) wide open
|
|
|
|
|拮 • (gil, gyeol) · 拮 • (gil, gyeol) (hangeul 길, 결, revised gil, gyeol, McCune–Reischauer kil, kyŏl, Yale kil, kyel)
|敞 (eum 창 (chang))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : sưởng
|
|
|拮
|敞
|-
|-
|挈
|敲
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kit³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hit³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiat ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : khe̍h ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˊ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰraːw, *kʰraːws) : phonetic 高 (OC *kaːw) + semantic 攴 (“to hit lightly; to tap”). ‖ From 休 (MC xjuw, “to rest; to stop”) (Kwok and Kataoka, 2006). Compare Guangzhou 嘵／哓 (hiu1), which has become obsolete.
|to raise; to lift • to take along; to carry; to lead (one's family) ‖ (Taiwanese Hokkien, Teochew) to take; to retrieve; to fetch; to get; to bring; to carry ‖ (Eastern Min) to use, by means of, with ‖ unique
|Cantonese · Jyutping : haau¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khà • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khàu • Middle-Chinese : khaew • Middle-Chinese : khaewH ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : hau¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haau¹
|to hit; to strike; to tap; to rap; to knock • (colloquial) to rip off; to overcharge; to blackmail • (colloquial) to criticize; to warn • (Hokkien, Singapore Teochew) to call someone (by phone); to telephone • (Xiamen, Quanzhou and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to knock down; to remove; to demolish • (Taiwanese Hokkien) to alter (clothes) • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to compete (among businesses) ‖ (Macau and Dongguan Cantonese) Used after a verb to indicate perfective aspect (action completion).
|
|
|carry in hand
|to knock, to strike, to hit
|挈 • (seol, gye) · 挈 • (seol, gye) (hangeul 설, 계, revised seol, gye, McCune–Reischauer sŏl, kye, Yale sel, kyey)
|敲 (eumhun 두드릴 고 (dudeuril go)) · 敲 (eumhun 두드릴 교 (dudeuril gyo)) · 敲 (eumhun 두드릴 학 (dudeuril hak))
|assist, help • lead by hand
|hanja form of 고 (“knock”) • hanja form of 교 (“knock”) • hanja form of 학 (“knock”)
|Hán-Nôm : xao • Hán-Nôm : xào • Hán-Nôm : sao
|
|
|挈
|敲
|-
|-
|挟
|數
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sroʔ, *sros, *sroːɡ) : phonetic 婁 (OC *ɡ·roː, *ɡ·ro) + semantic 攴. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-tsjəj (“to count”); cognate to Tibetan རྩི (rtsi, “to count; to calculate”), Burmese ရေ (re, “to count”), Jingpho hti, Ersu htɛ⁵⁵ (STEDT). \ Schuessler (2007) connects this word with Austroasiatic; compare Mon ရိုဟ် (rɜ̀h), from Middle Mon ruih (“to count”), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *rʔis (“to count”). ‖ Exopassive derivation of Etymology 1 with suffix *-s, meaning "what is counted" (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Derivation of Etymology 1, perhaps with distributive suffix *-k (Schuessler, 2007). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siàu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sòo • Middle-Chinese : srjuX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˋㄦ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sòo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siàu • Middle-Chinese : srjuH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sok³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siàu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sok • Middle-Chinese : sraewk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cuk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiok
|to count; to enumerate • to be reckoned as • to criticize; to find fault; to blame ‖ number; figure; amount (Classifier: 個／个; 粒 c) • (mathematics) number • (grammar) number • several; few • mathematics; reckoning (one of the Six Arts) • Short for 數學／数学 (shùxué, “mathematics”). • divination • skill • law; rule; regular pattern • legal system • fate; destiny • (Cantonese, Hakka, Southern Min) account (Classifier: 條／条 c; 盤／盘 c) • (Cantonese) debt (Classifier: 筆／笔 c; 條／条 c) • (Cantonese) sum of money (Classifier: 筆／笔 c; 嚿 c) • (Cantonese) mathematical problem (Classifier: 條／条 c) ‖ frequently; repeatedly ‖ fine and closely woven
|
|
|count • number
|數 (eumhun 셀 수 (sel su)) · 數 (eumhun 셈 수 (sem su)) ‖ 數 (eumhun 자주 삭 (jaju sak)) ‖ 數 (eumhun 촘촘할 촉 (chomchomhal chok))
|Hanja form of 수 (“number; fixed quantity; figure”). • Hanja form of 수 (“to count; to calculate”). • Hanja form of 수 (“a little; a bit; a few; several”). • Hanja form of 수 (“manners”). • Hanja form of 수 (“grade”). • Hanja form of 수 (“obligation; duty”). • Hanja form of 수 (“fate; destiny”). • Hanja form of 수 (“skill; technique”). • Hanja form of 수 (“trick; scheme”). • Hanja form of 수 (“means; method”). ‖ (literary) hanja form of 삭 (“often; frequently”) ‖ (literary) hanja form of 촉 (“dense; thick”)
|canonical : 數: Hán Việt readings: sác • canonical : số • canonical : sổ • canonical : xúc 數: Nôm readings: số • canonical : sỗ • canonical : sộ • canonical : xọ
|chữ Hán form of số (“number”).
|數
|-
|斟
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kljum) : phonetic 甚 (OC *ɡljumʔ, *ɡljums) + semantic 斗 (“dipper; cup”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *l-(t/d)jam (“to fill, flat”). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zam¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsim • Middle-Chinese : tsyim ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : thîn
|to pour (a drink) into drinkware • ^† (figurative) to consider; to deliberate • (Cantonese) to negotiate ‖ (Hokkien) to pour (a drink) into drinkware • (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to drink alcohol
|
|
|
|
|pinch • between
|斟 (eum 짐 (jim))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : châm
|
|
|
|斟
|挟
|-
|-
|捩
|斧
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄝˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lit⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lai⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : le̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lia̍t ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : leh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lerh
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *paʔ) : phonetic 父 (OC *paʔ, *baʔ) + semantic 斤 (“axe”) \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-pʷa (“axe”) (STEDT). Cognate with Garo rua (“axe”), Jingpho nwa, ningwa (“axe”), Tangut 𘟬 (*wjị¹, “axe”), Japhug tɯrpa (“axe”).
|(literary) to turn around • (literary) to reverse; to turn around (an undesirable situation); to remedy ‖ (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to pick up something with one's fingertips, especially with one's thumb and forefinger
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : póo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hú • Middle-Chinese : pjuX
|axe; hatchet
| ‖ 斧(おの) or 斧(オノ) • (ono) ^(←をの (wono) or ヲノ (wono)?) ‖ 斧(よき) • (yoki)
| ‖ axe, hatchet ‖ (obsolete or dialectal) a hatchet · (Ibaraki, Nagoya, Hyōgo, Shikoku, Kyūshū) a small hatchet • (obsolete or dialectal) a hatchet · (Yamanashi) a big hatchet • (obsolete or dialectal) a hatchet · (southern Tohoku, Kantō, Chūbu, Kansai, Shikoku, Kyūshū) an axe, a hatchet (in general)
|斧 • (bu) · 斧 • (bu) (hangeul 부)
|
|
|canonical : 斧: Hán Việt readings: phủ 斧: Nôm readings: búa
|
|
|捩 • (ryeol>yeol) · 捩 • (ryeol>yeol) (hangeul 렬>열, revised ryeol>yeol, McCune–Reischauer ryŏl>yŏl, Yale lyel>yel)
|斧
|
|
|捩
|-
|-
|捫
|斬
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bûn
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsám • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsánn • Middle-Chinese : tsreamX ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsām • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsǎm
|to cut; to hack; to chop (with a large blade, forcefully) • to behead (as punishment); to chop the waist • a surname: Zhan ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 鏨／錾
|
|
|beheading • kill, murder • cut • slay, slaying
|斬 • (cham) · 斬 • (cham) (hangeul 참, revised cham, McCune–Reischauer ch'am, Yale cham)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : trảm • Hán-Nôm : chém
|
|
|捫 (eum 문 (mun))
|斬
|-
|斷
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 𢇍 (“to cut”) + 斤 (“axe”). \ Before the Qin dynasty, this character was written as 𠸿 or 𠜷. According to Shuowen, the left component is an old form of 叀. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dan (“cut”). ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 𢇍 (“to cut”) + 斤 (“axe”). \ Before the Qin dynasty, this character was written as 𠸿 or 𠜷. According to Shuowen, the left component is an old form of 叀. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dan (“cut”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tyun⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dyun⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tn̄g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tňg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuīnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuǎn • Middle-Chinese : dwanX • Middle-Chinese : twanX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dyun³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dyun⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuǎn • Middle-Chinese : twanH
|to break; to snap; to cut • to cut off; to sever; to interrupt • to give up; to abstain from; to quit • (Hokkien) to not have; to be without; there is not ‖ to judge; to decide; to determine; to settle • (chiefly in the negative) absolutely; definitely; decidedly • (Cantonese) to count in a certain unit • 29th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "decisiveness" (𝌢)
|
|
|
|sever • cut off • interrupt
|捫
|斷 (eumhun 끊을 단 (kkeuneul dan))
|hanja form of 단 (“sever”) • hanja form of 단 (“cut off”) • hanja form of 단 (“interrupt”)
|Hán-Nôm : đoán • Hán-Nôm : đoạn
|chữ Hán form of đoán (“to guess; to predict; to surmise; to divine”). • chữ Hán form of đoạn (“painful; broken off; to corner”).
|斷
|-
|於
|From an ancient variant form of 烏. Not related to 方 or 㫃. \ Note the other uses of 于 (yú), the simplified and variant traditional form of the preposition senses. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔaj (“to go; directional particle”) (Schuessler, 2007). It has slowly merged with and replaced the older 于 (OC *ɢʷa) (ibid.). ‖  ‖ Variant of 阿 (*qaːl, prefix in kinship terms and personal names) (ibid.).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : û • Hokkien · Tai-lo : îr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : î • Middle-Chinese : 'jo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : u • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ir • Hokkien · Tai-lo : i • Middle-Chinese : 'jo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : oo • Middle-Chinese : 'u
|(indicates time or place) in; at; on • (used before a noun to indicate the object of an action) with; on • (used before a noun, verb or adjective to indicate the target of action) to • (indicates beginning or source) from • (indicates the agent of action) by • (indicates comparison) than • (used after a verb or adjective) with regard to ‖ a surname ‖ Alternative form of 烏／乌 (“crow; raven”) • Alternative form of 嗚／呜 (wū, “alas!; oh!”) • Used in 於菟／於檡／於兔／於䖘 (wūtú, “tiger”).
| ‖ 於
|in (defines a place, a moment, a concept in order to describe its relationship with the surroundings) ‖ at; sometimes appears on signage to designate the location or time of an event, preposed as in classical Chinese (but in contravention to Japanese word order).
|於 (eumhun 어조사 어 (eojosa eo)) ‖ 於 (eumhun 감탄사 오 (gamtansa o))
| ‖
|canonical : 於: Hán Việt readings: ư 於: Nôm readings: ơ • canonical : ở • canonical : ưa • canonical : ờ • canonical : ư • canonical : ớ • canonical : ô • canonical : ứ • canonical : thờ
|Nôm form of ở (“to be; to live; to stay; to remain”).
|於
|-
|-
|据
|旁
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geoi¹
|Probably phono-semantic (形聲／形声) following the pronunciation of 方 (OC *paŋ, *baŋ). The upper component has evolved significantly in time, including 冖 (Shang), 凡 (Western Zhou), or forms resembling 辛 (Spring and Autumn bronze of Wu) or 用 (Warring States bronze inscription of Wei and proto-clerical script of Qin). In the Chu Silk Manuscript the form was much simplified. The modern form was a descendant from the clerical script. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *paŋ ~ *pak (“side”). ‖ Probably phono-semantic (形聲／形声) following the pronunciation of 方 (OC *paŋ, *baŋ). The upper component has evolved significantly in time, including 冖 (Shang), 凡 (Western Zhou), or forms resembling 辛 (Spring and Autumn bronze of Wu) or 用 (Warring States bronze inscription of Wei and proto-clerical script of Qin). In the Chu Silk Manuscript the form was much simplified. The modern form was a descendant from the clerical script. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *paŋ ~ *pak (“side”). ‖ Probably phono-semantic (形聲／形声) following the pronunciation of 方 (OC *paŋ, *baŋ). The upper component has evolved significantly in time, including 冖 (Shang), 凡 (Western Zhou), or forms resembling 辛 (Spring and Autumn bronze of Wu) or 用 (Warring States bronze inscription of Wei and proto-clerical script of Qin). In the Chu Silk Manuscript the form was much simplified. The modern form was a descendant from the clerical script. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *paŋ ~ *pak (“side”). ‖ Probably phono-semantic (形聲／形声) following the pronunciation of 方 (OC *paŋ, *baŋ). The upper component has evolved significantly in time, including 冖 (Shang), 凡 (Western Zhou), or forms resembling 辛 (Spring and Autumn bronze of Wu) or 用 (Warring States bronze inscription of Wei and proto-clerical script of Qin). In the Chu Silk Manuscript the form was much simplified. The modern form was a descendant from the clerical script. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *paŋ ~ *pak (“side”).
|Only used in 拮据 (jiéjū, “short of money; diligent”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pong⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄤˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pông • Middle-Chinese : bang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bong⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄥˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄥ
|side; beside; close by • other; else • (linguistics) radical (of a character) • widespread • to assist • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 傍 (“to be near to; to approach; to depend on; to rely on”) ‖ Only used in 旁勃. ‖ Only used in 旁旁 (bēngbēng).
| ‖ 旁(つくり) • (tsukuri)
| ‖ the right-hand component of a kanji
|旁 • (bang, paeng) · 旁 • (bang, paeng) (hangeul 방, 팽, revised bang, paeng, McCune–Reischauer pang, p'aeng, Yale pang, phayng)
|
|
|set • lay a foundation, install, equip • squat down; sit down
|Hán-Nôm : bàng • Hán-Nôm : bừng • Hán-Nôm : bầng • Hán-Nôm : bường • Hán-Nôm : phàng
|据 • (geo) · 据 • (geo) (hangeul 거, revised geo, McCune–Reischauer kŏ, Yale ke)
|
|
|旁
|-
|旭
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰʷoɡ) : phonetic 九 (OC *kuʔ) + semantic 日 (“sun”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : juk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiok • Middle-Chinese : xjowk
|rising sun • brilliant; radiant
| ‖ 旭(あさひ) • (asahi) ‖ 旭(あさひ) • (Asahi) ‖ 旭(あきら) • (Akira)
|rising sun ‖  ‖ Asahi (a city in Chiba Prefecture, Japan) • a surname ‖ a male given name
|旭 • (uk) · 旭 • (uk) (hangeul 욱, revised uk, McCune–Reischauer uk, Yale wuk)
|rising sun • brilliance • radiant
|Hán-Nôm : húc
|
|
|据
|旭
|-
|-
|捱
|昂
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngaai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gâi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ê
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːŋ) : semantic 日 (“sun”) + phonetic 卬 (OC *ŋaːŋ, *ŋaŋʔ, “man standing and man kneeling”). ‖  ‖
|to endure; to suffer; to put up with • to drag out; to delay; to stall • to struggle to pull through; to wait (for a long time)
|Cantonese · Jyutping : ngong⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngong⁵ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄤˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gâng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : không • Middle-Chinese : ngang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˋ ‖
|to raise; to lift • to rise • high spirited; upright • a surname ‖ ^‡ Only used in 昂昂 (yàngyàng, “virtuous; respectable (of a ruler)”). ‖ Alternative form of 仰 (“to raise one's head; to have one's face and belly face upward”)
|
|
|put off, procrastinate • endure
|high spirited • to raise the head
|捱 • (ae) · 捱 • (ae) (hangeul 애, revised ae, McCune–Reischauer ae, Yale ay)
|昂 • (ang) · 昂 • (ang) (hangeul 앙, revised ang, McCune–Reischauer ang, Yale ang)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : ngang • Hán-Nôm : ngáng • Hán-Nôm : ngàng • Hán-Nôm : ngãng • Hán-Nôm : ngâng
|
|
|捱
|昂
|-
|-
|捲
|昇
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gyun² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kńg
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hljɯŋ) : semantic 日 (“sun”) + phonetic 升 (OC *hljɯŋ).
|to curl; to roll up • curly; rolled up • Alternative form of 卷 • (neologism, slang) Short for 內捲／内卷 (“intense competition among peers; to study harder or work longer as a result”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sing¹ • Middle-Chinese : sying
|(obsolete) rising of the sun • Alternative form of 升 (shēng, “to rise; to ascend”) • Alternative form of 升 (shēng, “to promote”) • Used in 昇平／升平 (“peaceful”). • a surname • Used in personal names.
| ‖ 昇(のぼる) • (Noboru)
|to rise up ‖ a male given name
|昇 • (seung) · 昇 • (seung) (hangeul 승, revised seung, McCune–Reischauer sŭng, Yale sung)
|
|
|curl • roll • wind • turn over (a playing card) • flip through
|Hán-Nôm : thăng
|捲 (eum 권 (gwon))
|to rise, ascending, or a person's first name "Thăng"
|昇
|-
|晃
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fong² • Middle-Chinese : hwangX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fong²
|(literary) shining; shiny • to glitter; to shine; to dazzle • to flash past ‖ to sway; to shake
| ‖ 晃(あきら) • (Akira)
|clear ‖ a male given name
|晃 • (hwang) · 晃 • (hwang) (hangeul 황, revised hwang, McCune–Reischauer hwang, Yale hwang)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : quáng • Hán-Nôm : hoảng • Hán-Nôm : quàng
|
|
|捲
|晃
|-
|-
|掄
|晌
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄣˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leon⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lûn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nng
|(literary) to select • to swing; to brandish • (literary) to waste money
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hoeng² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siáng
|noon; midday • daytime; half a day • moment; short period of time • A unit of land measurement.
|
|
|掄 • (ryun>yun) · 掄 • (ryun>yun) (hangeul 륜>윤, revised ryun>yun, McCune–Reischauer ryun>yun, Yale lyun>yun)
|
|
|晌 (eum 상 (sang))
|
|
|掄
|Hán-Nôm : thưởng
|
|晌
|-
|-
|掖
|晚
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jik⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jat⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : i̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iǎ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iā
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *monʔ) : semantic 日 + phonetic 免 (OC *mronʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : buán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mńg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : muí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uán • Middle-Chinese : mjonX
|evening; night • late (near the end of a period of time) • late (in relation to the expected or proper time) • succeeding • old age; later years • Classifier for the number of nights.
|
|
|evening • night • late
|晚 (eumhun 늦을 만 (neujeul man))
|hanja form of 만 (“evening; night”) • (only used in compounds) hanja form of 만 (“late”)
|Hán-Nôm : vãn • Hán-Nôm : muộn
|
|
|side (of body); carry under arm
|晚
|掖 (eum 액 (aek))
|-
|晝
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 聿 + 日 (“sun”). Used to mean “daytime” in ancient texts. \ The significance and meaning of the 聿 component, as present in the oracle bone inscriptions, is not clear. Various theories exist, including that it serves as a phonetic component, in which case the character would be a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tus) : phonetic 聿 (OC *b·lud) + semantic 日 (“sun”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-duk (“daytime; noon”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan གདུགས (gdugs, “midday; umbrella”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄡˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tàu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiù • Middle-Chinese : trjuwH
|daytime; day; daylight • (Hakka, Min) lunch • An ancient placename in modern-day Zibo, Shandong province, China. • a surname
| ‖
|Kyūjitai form of 昼 ‖
|晝 (eumhun 낮 주 (nat ju))
|hanja form of 주 (“daytime”) [affix]
|Hán-Nôm : chú • Hán-Nôm : trú
|
|
|晝
|-
|晦
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hmɯːs) : semantic 日 (“sun”) + phonetic 每 (OC *mɯːʔ). \ STEDT compares 晦 (OC *hmɯːs) to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *muːŋ ~ r/s-muːk (“foggy; dark; sullen; menacing; thunder”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fui³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huè • Middle-Chinese : xwojH
|last day of a lunar month • dark, unclear, obscure • night • 67th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "darkening" (𝍈)
| ‖ 晦(かい) • (kai) ^(←くわい (kwai)?) ‖ 晦(かん) • (kan) ^(←くわん (kwan)?) ‖ 晦(つごもり) • (tsugomori) ‖ 晦(つもごり) • (tsumogori)
| ‖ end of the month • dark, darkened • obscure, unknown • conceal, hide ‖ a darkening of the sky • something unclear or obscure • the last day of a (lunar) month ‖ (archaic) the darkening of moonlight • (by extension) the last day of a (lunar) month ‖ (rare, archaic) the darkening of moonlight • (rare, by extension) the last day of a (lunar) month
|晦 (eumhun 그믐 회 (geumeum hoe))
|hanja form of 회 (“last day of a lunar month”)
|Hán-Nôm : hổi • Hán-Nôm : hối • Hán-Nôm : hói • Hán-Nôm : hòi • Hán-Nôm : hỗi • Hán-Nôm : họi
|
|
|掖
|晦
|-
|-
|掙
|晰
|Cantonese · Jyutping : zaang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaang⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiānn
|to struggle to get free • to struggle to support • to earn; to make • to hold open (with force)
|
|
|to wrench open • to ((force)) with all one's might
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sik
|clear; distinct
|
|
|clear; limpid
|晰 (eum 석 (seok))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tích
|
|
|掙
|晰
|-
|-
|掣
|暢
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zai³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cit³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiat ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : zai³
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰaŋs) : semantic 申 + phonetic 昜 (OC *laŋ).
|to pull; to tug; to drag • to hinder by pulling back; to draw • (literary) to flash past • (Southern Min) to shiver; to shake • (Southern Min) to be afraid; to be scared; to be frightened ‖ (Cantonese) button; push-button; switch; component for controlling device (Classifier: 粒 c; 個／个 c) · (Cantonese) electrical switch (Classifier: 個／个 c) • (Cantonese) button; push-button; switch; component for controlling device (Classifier: 粒 c; 個／个 c) · (Cantonese, computing) key (on a keyboard); button (on a video game controller) (Classifier: 粒 c; 個／个 c) • (Cantonese) button; push-button; switch; component for controlling device (Classifier: 粒 c; 個／个 c) · (Cantonese, graphical user interface) button (Classifier: 粒 c; 個／个 c) • (Cantonese) button; push-button; switch; component for controlling device (Classifier: 粒 c; 個／个 c) · (Cantonese) pedal • (Cantonese) button; push-button; switch; component for controlling device (Classifier: 粒 c; 個／个 c) · (Cantonese, specifically) brake pedal • (Cantonese) button; push-button; switch; component for controlling device (Classifier: 粒 c; 個／个 c)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiàng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshióng • Middle-Chinese : trhjangH
|unimpeded; smooth • comfortable • uninhibited; unrestrained • (Teochew) whole • (Teochew) to lead to; to go through • (Teochew) to know • a surname
| ‖ 暢(とおる) • (Tōru)
| ‖ a male given name
|暢 • (chang) · 暢 • (chang) (hangeul 창, revised chang, McCune–Reischauer ch'ang, Yale chang)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : sướng
|chữ Hán form of sướng (“happy; elated”).
|暢
|-
|曆
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːɡ) : phonetic 厤 (OC *reːɡ) + semantic 日 (“sun; day”). \ Derivative, meaning "calendar" < "calendrical calculations" (Shu), of 歷 (OC *rêk) "to calculate". See there for more.
|Cantonese · Jyutping : lik⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : la̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : li̍k • Middle-Chinese : lek
|calendar
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|
|掣 • (che, cheol) · 掣 • (che, cheol) (hangeul 체, 철)
|calendar • era
|曆 (eumhun 책력 력 (chaengnyeok ryeok), word-initial (South Korea) 책력 역 (chaengnyeok yeok))
|hanja form of 력/역 (“calendar”)
|canonical : 曆: Hán Việt readings: lịch 曆: Nôm readings: rếch • canonical : rích • canonical : rịch
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|
|曆
|-
|曉
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hŋeːwʔ) : semantic 日 (“sun”) + phonetic 堯 (OC *ŋeːw).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hiu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiáu • Middle-Chinese : xewX
|dawn; daybreak • to know; to understand; to get • (Hakka, including Huiyang Hakka, Huicheng dialect) will; would • a surname
| ‖
|Kyūjitai form of 暁 ‖
|曉 (eumhun 새벽 효 (saebyeok hyo))
|hanja form of 효 (“dawn”)
|Hán-Nôm : hẻo • Hán-Nôm : hểu • Hán-Nôm : hiểu
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|
|掣
|曉
|-
|-
|掬
|曖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : guk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiuh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiok
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qɯːds, *qaːds) : semantic 日 (“sun”) + phonetic 愛 (OC *qɯːds).
|(literary) to grasp or hold with both hands • (Mainland China Hokkien) to recoil; to tighten; to draw back • (Mainland China Hokkien) to slightly wrinkle; to crease a little • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to struggle; to attempt
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : oi² • Cantonese · Jyutping : oi³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ài • Middle-Chinese : 'ajH • Middle-Chinese : 'ojH
|(literary, of daylight) dim; hazy • ^† obscure; hidden
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|
|scoop up water with the hand
|dark, not clear
|掬 • (guk) · 掬 • (guk) (hangeul 국, revised guk, McCune–Reischauer kuk, Yale kwuk)
|曖 (eumhun 희미할 애 (huimihal ae))
|hanja form of 애 (“dim”)
|Hán-Nôm : áy
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|
|曖
|-
|曙
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djas) : semantic 日 (“sun”) + phonetic 暑 (OC *hjaʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyu⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : syu⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : syu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sìr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sír • Middle-Chinese : dzyoH
|daybreak; dawn
| ‖ 曙(あけぼの) • (akebono)
|dawn • daybreak ‖ dawn (the time when night fades and the morning faintly brightens)
|曙 (eumhun 새벽 서 (saebyeok seo))
|hanja form of 서 (“dawn”)
|Hán-Nôm : thự
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|
|掬
|曙
|-
|-
|揀
|曝
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaan² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kíng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuínn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : káinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kán
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːwɢs, *boːɡ) : semantic 日 (“sun”) + phonetic 暴 (OC *boːwɢs, *boːɡ).
|to choose; to pick • Alternative form of 撿／捡 (“to pick up”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pha̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pho̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : po̍k • Middle-Chinese : bawH • Middle-Chinese : buwk
|to sun; to air in the sun; to expose or dry in the sun • to expose; to reveal
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|
|select
|bleach • refine • expose • air
|揀 • (gan, yeon) · 揀 • (gan, yeon) (hangeul 간, 연, revised gan, yeon, McCune–Reischauer kan, yŏn, Yale kan, yen)
|曝 • (po, pok) · 曝 • (po, pok) (hangeul 포, 폭, revised po, pok, McCune–Reischauer p'o, p'ok, Yale pho, phok)
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|
|Hán-Nôm : bộc
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|
|揀
|曝
|-
|-
|揆
|曼
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwai⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwai⁵ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : kue̍h
|^⁜ guess; to conjecture; to surmise; to reckon • (dated or formal) leader of the government · (Hong Kong, Taiwan, formal) prime minister • (dated or formal) leader of the government · (Taiwan, formal) president of the Executive Yuan; premier of the Republic of China • (dated or formal) leader of the government ‖ Alternative form of 劌／刿 (“to rub against; classifier for a segment or section of something that is long”)
|
|category • plan • drumstick
|揆 • (gyu) · 揆 • (gyu) (hangeul 규, revised gyu, McCune–Reischauer kyu, Yale kyu)
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : buān • Middle-Chinese : man • Middle-Chinese : mjonH
|long; extended; drawn-out • handsome; beautiful; refined • a surname
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|
|揆
|-
|揖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jap¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ip ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cap¹
|to salute with one hand clasping the other in front of one's chest • to politely decline; to modestly decline ‖ Alternative form of 輯／辑 (jí, “to gather”)
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|
|曼 • (man) · 曼 • (man) (hangeul 만, revised man, McCune–Reischauer man, Yale man)
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|揖 • (eup, jeup) · 揖 • (eup, jeup) (hangeul 읍, 즙)
|Hán-Nôm : man • Hán-Nôm : mạn
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|曼
|揖
|-
|會
|Characters in the same phonetic series (會) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Pictogram (象形) – a lid on top of a container, with content in. \ Most of the pronunciations are ultimately cognate, derived from a root meaning "to join, to come together ~ to meet, to gather ~ to match, to fit ~ to understand". Perhaps related to 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb, “to match”) ~ 蓋 (OC *kaːbs, *kaːb, *ɡaːb, “lid”). \ However, Min Nan ē instead derives from 解 (OC *kreːʔ, *kreːs, *ɡreːʔ, *ɡreːs, “to understand”) (Yang, 2001). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (會) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Pictogram (象形) – a lid on top of a container, with content in. \ Most of the pronunciations are ultimately cognate, derived from a root meaning "to join, to come together ~ to meet, to gather ~ to match, to fit ~ to understand". Perhaps related to 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb, “to match”) ~ 蓋 (OC *kaːbs, *kaːb, *ɡaːb, “lid”). \ However, Min Nan ē instead derives from 解 (OC *kreːʔ, *kreːs, *ɡreːʔ, *ɡreːs, “to understand”) (Yang, 2001). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (會) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Pictogram (象形) – a lid on top of a container, with content in. \ Most of the pronunciations are ultimately cognate, derived from a root meaning "to join, to come together ~ to meet, to gather ~ to match, to fit ~ to understand". Perhaps related to 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb, “to match”) ~ 蓋 (OC *kaːbs, *kaːb, *ɡaːb, “lid”). \ However, Min Nan ē instead derives from 解 (OC *kreːʔ, *kreːs, *ɡreːʔ, *ɡreːs, “to understand”) (Yang, 2001). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (會) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Pictogram (象形) – a lid on top of a container, with content in. \ Most of the pronunciations are ultimately cognate, derived from a root meaning "to join, to come together ~ to meet, to gather ~ to match, to fit ~ to understand". Perhaps related to 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb, “to match”) ~ 蓋 (OC *kaːbs, *kaːb, *ɡaːb, “lid”). \ However, Min Nan ē instead derives from 解 (OC *kreːʔ, *kreːs, *ɡreːʔ, *ɡreːs, “to understand”) (Yang, 2001). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (會) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Pictogram (象形) – a lid on top of a container, with content in. \ Most of the pronunciations are ultimately cognate, derived from a root meaning "to join, to come together ~ to meet, to gather ~ to match, to fit ~ to understand". Perhaps related to 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb, “to match”) ~ 蓋 (OC *kaːbs, *kaːb, *ɡaːb, “lid”). \ However, Min Nan ē instead derives from 解 (OC *kreːʔ, *kreːs, *ɡreːʔ, *ɡreːs, “to understand”) (Yang, 2001). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (會) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Pictogram (象形) – a lid on top of a container, with content in. \ Most of the pronunciations are ultimately cognate, derived from a root meaning "to join, to come together ~ to meet, to gather ~ to match, to fit ~ to understand". Perhaps related to 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb, “to match”) ~ 蓋 (OC *kaːbs, *kaːb, *ɡaːb, “lid”). \ However, Min Nan ē instead derives from 解 (OC *kreːʔ, *kreːs, *ɡreːʔ, *ɡreːs, “to understand”) (Yang, 2001).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hēr • Middle-Chinese : hwajH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ě • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : erē • Middle-Chinese : hwajH ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : wui⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋㄦ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˇㄦ • Middle-Chinese : hwajH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄞˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huē • Middle-Chinese : kwajH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄞˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kui² • Cantonese · Jyutping : kui³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuè • Middle-Chinese : kwajH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄛˋ
|union; group; association (Classifier: 個／个) • union; group; association (Classifier: 個／个) · (Cantonese) mutual aid association that raises fund • economic or political centre; major city • occasion; opportunity; chance • lid; cover • to match; to conform • to marry • to copulate • to gather; to assemble • to meet; to rendezvous • meeting; gathering (Classifier: 場／场; 次) • meeting; gathering (Classifier: 場／场; 次) · Especially, meetings of deputies of their sovereigns in ancient China to form alliances. • temple fair • to understand; to grasp • rhythm; cadence • (literary) by chance; as it happens • (literary) ought to; should • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to clarify; to clear up • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to express appreciation verbally • (Taoism) epoch, a lunar or grand cycle of 10,800 years ‖ to know how to perform a task; can; to be able to • to be good at; to be skillful in • will; to be likely to; to be sure to • would; to be willing to ‖ moment ‖ to compute; to calculate; to sum; to do accounting • a surname ‖ Only used in 會稽／会稽 (Kuàijī, “Guiji Commandery”). ‖ Only used in 會撮／会撮.
| ‖ 會(かい) • (kai) ^(←くわい (kwai)?) ‖ 會(かい) • (-kai) ^(←くわい (kwai)?)
|Kyūjitai form of 会 ‖ Kyūjitai form of 会 ‖ Kyūjitai form of 会
|會 (eumhun 모일 회 (moil hoe))
|hanja form of 회 (“to gather, assemble”)
|canonical : 會: Hán Việt readings: cối • canonical : hội 會: Nôm readings: cuối • canonical : hội • canonical : hụi
|chữ Hán form of hội (“to meet, meeting, festival”).
|會
|-
|-
|搗
|朔
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dou² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : táu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tó
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sŋraːɡ) : phonetic 屰 (OC *ŋraɡ) + semantic 月 (“moon”) \ From 逆 (OC *ŋraɡ) plus s-prefix. Schuessler (2007) interprets it as literally "turn again toward to meet"; while Baxter & Sagart (2014) interprets it as "when the moon changes from waning to waxing", with s- being a circumstantial prefix for place, time, & instrument.
|to pound with a pestle; to smash • to beat with a stick; to smash • to make trouble; to disturb; to mess up • to attack (an enemy); to mount an offensive
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sok³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sok • Middle-Chinese : sraewk
|new moon • the first day of the lunar month • (literary) north • early morning • beginning
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|pound, husk
|搗 (eum 도 (do))
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|
|朔 (eumhun 초하루 삭 (choharu sak))
|hanja form of 삭 (“the first day of the lunar month”)
|Hán-Nôm : sóc • Hán-Nôm : xóc • Hán-Nôm : xộc
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|
|搗
|朔
|-
|-
|搪
|朕
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thn̂g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thn̄g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tn̄g
|Characters in the same phonetic series (朕) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Simplified from 𦩎 (舟 → 月 and 灷 → 关), corruption of an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 舟 (“boat”) + 丨 (“item”) + 廾 (“two hands”), seen in the oracle bone script and bronze inscriptions, originally meaning “to mend a boat”. It was later borrowed to be used as a first-person pronoun.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zam⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tīm • Middle-Chinese : drimX
|(imperial) I; my (similar to the royal we; reserved for use by the emperor since the Qin Dynasty) • (literary) omen; sign • (Cantonese) Alternative form of 𠹻 (zam6, “classifier for smells”)
| ‖ 朕(ちん) • (chin)
|(imperial) I (similar to the royal we) ‖ (imperial) I, me (similar to the royal we)
|朕 (eumhun 나 짐 (na jim))
|(imperial) hanja form of 짐 (“I; me”) (similar to the royal we)
|canonical : 朕: Hán Việt readings: trẫm 朕: Nôm readings: trũm • canonical : chũm
|(imperial) chữ Hán form of trẫm (“I; me”). (similar to the royal we)
|朕
|-
|朦
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *moːŋ, *moːŋʔ) : semantic 月 (“moon”) + phonetic 蒙 (OC *moːŋ). \ Unlike most other characters with a 月 (yuè)-like component on the left, this character's 月 (yuè) is not a simplification of 肉; 朦朧／朦胧 (ménglóng) was originally used in reference to the moon.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bông • Middle-Chinese : muwng • Middle-Chinese : muwngX
|(of moonlight) hazy; dim • ^† to cover
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|
|dim, obscure (of moonlight)
|朦 (eumhun 흐릴 몽 (heuril mong))
|hanja form of 몽 (“Used in 몽롱(朦朧) (mongnong)”)
|Hán-Nôm : mông • Hán-Nôm : mồng
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|
|朦
|-
|札
|; “to die prematurely; pestilence; to die from pestilence” \ : Sagart (2008) doubts this etymology, pointing out that this word has been attested in classical texts that are not necessarily connected to Yue or the South. He instead proposes that this word may be a Chinese loan in Yue or the regular word for “to die” in the variety of Chinese spoken in the Yue region.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaat³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsat • Middle-Chinese : tsreat
|letter; note • correspondence • to die prematurely • pestilence • to die from pestilence • small wooden strip for writing
| ‖ 札(さつ) • (satsu) ‖ 札(ふだ) or 札(ふみだ) or 札(ふんだ) • (fuda or fumida or funda)
|bill • card ‖ paper money, a bill, a (bank) note ‖ a card, a plate, a tag • playing card
|札 • (chal) · 札 • (chal) (hangeul 찰, revised chal, McCune–Reischauer ch'al, Yale chal)
|letter
|Hán-Nôm : trát • Hán-Nôm : trớt
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|
|搪 • (dang) · 搪 • (dang) (hangeul 당, revised dang, McCune–Reischauer tang, Yale tang)
|札
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|搪
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|-
|搶
|朵
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiáng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiúnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiónn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiáunn ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄤ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng¹
|Originally a Ideogram (指事) depicting a stalk of a plant 禾 with something drooping. The bottom part of 禾 corrupted into 木, while the extra stroke corrupted into 乃, later simplified into 几. \ “Hanging from a tree” > “flower” > classifier for flowers. \ Probably from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(d/n)waj (“to hang from; to cling to; creeper”), whence Burmese တွယ် (twai, “to cling”). May be related to 垂 (OC *djol, “to hang down”), 橢 (OC *l̥ʰoːlʔ, “oblong; oval”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT). \ Also compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *kt₂uur (“ear”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖  ‖
|to snatch away • to fight over; to scramble for; to compete for • to rush • to scrape ‖ (literary) to knock; to hit; to strike • to go in the opposite direction
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄛˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄛˇㄦ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄛˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tó • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tóo • Middle-Chinese : twaX ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tô ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : do²
|(of branches, leaves, flowers, fruits) hanging from a tree • flower or calyx of a plant • Classifier for flowers, clouds, etc. • ear • to move • a surname: Duo ‖ (Southern Min) Classifier for clusters of fruits. ‖ (Cantonese) name; nickname; title (Classifier: 個／个 c)
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|搶 • (chang) · 搶 • (chang) (hangeul 창, revised chang, McCune–Reischauer ch'ang, Yale chang)
|朵 • (ta) · 朵 • (ta) (hangeul 타, revised ta, McCune–Reischauer t'a, Yale tha)
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|
|Hán-Nôm : đóa • Hán-Nôm : đoá • Hán-Nôm : tạp • Hán-Nôm : đỏa • Hán-Nôm : đoả
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|搶
|朵
|-
|-
|搽
|杏
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caa⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tâ
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 木 (“wood”) + 口 (“mouth”) – perhaps referring to the tastiness of its fruit. \ Shuowen considers it to be a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡraːŋʔ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + abbreviated phonetic 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ), but this is unlikely.
|to apply; to anoint
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄥˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄥˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hīng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hǐng • Middle-Chinese : haengX
|apricot (Classifier: 個／个 m c; 棵 c)
| ‖ 杏(きょう) • (kyō) ^(←きやう (kyau)?)
| ‖ apricot
|杏 (eumhun 살구 행 (salgu haeng))
|hanja form of 행 (“apricot”)
|Hán-Nôm : hạnh
|
|
|杏
|-
|杖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *daŋʔ) : semantic 木 + phonetic 丈 (OC *daŋʔ). \ Thought to be the same word as 丈 (OC *daŋʔ) "gentleman, older man, husband", i.e. "someone who walks with, or leans on, a staff"; though unlikely. \ According to Schuessler (2007), this is an areal word. Compare Mizo tiang (“staff, stick, crutch”), Old Khmer toŋ (“shaft, stock, shank”), -toṅa (“stock, stem, stick”), and Khmer ដង (dɑɑng, “pole, shaft, handle, yoke, body, trunk”). Benedict (1976) also compares this to Proto-Tai *de:ŋ ~ *tʰe:ŋ (“stick, bar”), Malay tiang (“pillar, post, pole”), Fijian ndia (“stick, handle”), and to reconstructed Proto-Austro-Tai *(n)ti(j)aŋ. \ A derivative, attested in Zuozhuan as 杖 (zhàng), is the verb 仗 (OC *daŋs) "to lean on", with suffix *-s → *-h → 去聲／去声 (qùshēng).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thn̄g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thňg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiǒng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiāng • Middle-Chinese : drjangX
|walking stick • staff; rod; cane; wand • (historical) flogging with a stick • to flog (a prisoner) • to support; to prop • to hold; to grasp • Alternative form of 仗 (zhàng, “to rely on; to depend on”) • (Eastern Min) Classifier for segments of sugarcane.
| ‖ 杖(つえ) • (tsue) ^(←つゑ (twe)?) ‖ 杖(じょう) • (jō) ^(←ぢやう (dyau)?)
| ‖ staff, stick, walking stick, cane, stave, strove, rod, wand • something one leans on, a support • a cane used for corporal punishment • a particularly shaped stirring stick used to make New Year's porridge • the stem of a pear • (historical) a traditional unit of length · (historical) approximately 3 meters • (historical) a traditional unit of length · (historical) seven 尺 (shaku, traditional Japanese foot) and five 寸 (sun, traditional Japanese inch), or approximately 2.3 meters • (historical) a traditional unit of area • (historical) a traditional unit of area · (historical) one-fifth of a 段 (tan, traditional Japanese paddy size, roughly half of an English acre), or around 237m² ‖ a jo: a fighting staff, a little over 4 尺 (shaku, “a traditional unit of measure, about 30 cm or a foot”) long, shorter than a 棒 (bō, “quarterstaff”) • (historical) under the ancient Ritsuryō system, caning as a form of corporal punishment • (historical) a traditional unit of area: one-fifth of a 段 (tan, traditional Japanese paddy size, roughly half of an English acre), or around 237m²
|杖 • (jang) · 杖 • (jang) (hangeul 장, revised jang, McCune–Reischauer chang, Yale cang)
|
|
|搽 • (cha) · 搽 • (cha) (hangeul 차, revised cha, McCune–Reischauer ch'a, Yale cha)
|Hán-Nôm : trượng • Hán-Nôm : rường
|
|
|杖
|-
|杜
| ‖ Possibly be a Kra-Dai substrate word; compare Zhuang duz (“classifier for animals”), which is a prefix found in the vocabulary for many animals like duzgip (“centipede”), duzgyau (“spider”) and duzlingz (“monkey”) (Zhao, 1991; Tu, 2018).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tōo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǒo • Middle-Chinese : duX ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tōo
|birch-leaved pear (Pyrus betulifolia) • to stop; to prevent; to block • to reject • (obsolete) to pound; to strike • (obsolete, dialectal) astringent • (obsolete, dialectal) root • Asarum forbesii • Pollia japonica • name of an ancient pre-Qin state located in present-day Xi'an, Shaanxi • a surname ‖ (Eastern Min, Southern Min) Prefix found in the names of certain animals.
| ‖ 杜(もり) • (mori) ‖ 杜(やまなし) • (yamanashi) ‖ 杜(と) • (To)
|careless • woods; grove • Chinese family name "Du" ‖ a shrine grove • a forest ‖ wild Japanese pear or mountain pear ‖ Du Fu, Chinese poet
|杜 • (du) · 杜 • (du) (hangeul 두, revised du, McCune–Reischauer tu, Yale twu)
|
|
|搽
|canonical : 杜: Hán Việt readings: đỗ • canonical : đổ 杜: Nôm readings: đỗ • canonical : đậu • canonical : đổ • canonical : dỏ • canonical : đũa • canonical : đỏ • canonical : dỗ • canonical : đủ • canonical : giỗ • canonical : rổ • canonical : trỗ
|chữ Hán form of Đỗ (“a surname”).
|杜
|-
|-
|摑
|杭
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄞ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄛˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwaak³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwok³ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : ko̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ka̍k
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡaːŋ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 亢 (OC *kaːŋ, *kʰaːŋs). \ Originally a variant of 抗 (OC *kʰaːŋs, *ɡaːŋ, “to fight against”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡaːŋ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 亢 (OC *kaːŋ, *kʰaːŋs). \ Originally a variant of 抗 (OC *kʰaːŋs, *ɡaːŋ, “to fight against”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡaːŋ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 亢 (OC *kaːŋ, *kʰaːŋs). \ Originally a variant of 抗 (OC *kʰaːŋs, *ɡaːŋ, “to fight against”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡaːŋ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 亢 (OC *kaːŋ, *kʰaːŋs). \ Originally a variant of 抗 (OC *kʰaːŋs, *ɡaːŋ, “to fight against”).
|to slap the face ‖ (Hokkien) to throw; to cast (something to hit someone) • (Hokkien) to throw away; to toss
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hâng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hông • Middle-Chinese : hang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄤ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄤˋ ‖
|Alternative form of 航 (háng, “boat; ship”) • Alternative form of 航 (háng, “to cross a stream; to ferry”) • Alternative form of 航 (háng, “to sail; to navigate”) • (dialectal) suddenly; all of a sudden • Short for 杭州 (Hángzhōu, “Hangzhou”). • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 康 (kāng, “broad road”) ‖ Alternative form of 抗 (kàng, “to resist; to fight”) • Alternative form of 抗 (kàng, “to raise; to lift up”) • Alternative form of 抗 (kàng, “high”) ‖ (Northern Wu) Alternative form of 行 (“to endure; to bear; to shoulder”)
|
|stake, picket • stump
|杭 • (hang) · 杭 • (hang) (hangeul 항, revised hang, McCune–Reischauer hang, Yale hang)
|
|
|box one's ears • slap • catch, seize • grasp, hold • arrest, capture
|Hán-Nôm : cáng • Hán-Nôm : hàng • Hán-Nôm : khiêng
|摑 (eumhun 칠 괵 (chil goek))
|Hanja form of 괵 (“hit”).
|
|
|摑
|杭
|-
|-
|摒
|杰
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bing² • Cantonese · Jyutping : bing³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pìng ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : beng³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piànn
|For pronunciation and definitions of 杰 – see 傑 (“outstanding; remarkable; hero; etc.”). \ (This character is the simplified and variant form of 傑). \  Notes: \ Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. \ Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan. ‖ Probably a Kra-Dai substrate. Compare Zhuang gwd (“viscous”), Bouyei geg (“viscous”), Lingao kɔt⁸ (“viscous”). Cognate with Fuzhou Eastern Min 𬇴 (gṳ̆k, “viscous”) and Teochew 𫀸 (geg8, “viscous”).
|to expel; to cast off ‖ (Cantonese, Hokkien) to clean up; to tidy up • (Cantonese, Gan, Hakka) to hide • (Hokkien) to dump; to empty
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : git⁶ ‖  
|Used in personal names. ‖ (Cantonese) thick; viscous • (Cantonese) serious
|
|
|
|
|摒 (eumhun 제거할 병 (jegeohal byeong))
|杰 • (geol) · 杰 • (geol) (hangeul 걸, revised geol, McCune–Reischauer kŏl, Yale kel)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : kiệt
|
|
|摒
|杰
|-
|-
|摟
|枉
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄡˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lió ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liô ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau⁴ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : lau³
|Related to 紆 (OC) ~ 迂 (OC *qʷa), 匡 (OC *kʰʷaŋ), 腕 (OC *qoːns), 冤 (OC *qon) (Schuessler, 2007). See 迂 (yū) for further etymology.
|to hug; to embrace • armspan ‖ to gather up • (colloquial) to pull up; to tuck up • to extort; to rake in • (regional) to calculate with an abacus • (regional) to calculate with an abacus · (regional, figurative) to verify through calculation; to examine and calculate; to assess • (dialectal) to pull; to draw • (Cantonese, dialectal Hakka) to drape; to cover • (Cantonese, of insects) to crawl or hover over ‖ to pull in; to rope in; to gather ‖ (Cantonese, transitive) to instigate; to invite; to tempt • (Cantonese, transitive) to provoke
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wong² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : óng • Middle-Chinese : 'jwangX
|bent; crooked • depraved; indecent; perverse • to distort; to twist; to bend • unjust; wrong • injustice • (literary) to condescend; to deign • in vain; to no avail; for naught • (Hong Kong Cantonese, triad slang) three
|
|
|hug, embrace • drag, pull
|
|
|枉 • (wang) · 枉 • (wang) (hangeul 왕, revised wang, McCune–Reischauer wang, Yale wang)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : uổng
|
|
|摟
|枉
|-
|-
|摺
|枚
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zip³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaap³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsih ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄚ
|Generally thought to be an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 木 (“tree; wood”) + 攴 (“hand holding a stick”). \ However, Zhengzhang (2003) considers it to be a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mɯːl) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 文 (OC *mɯn), where 文 was later corrupted to 攴. \ From Austroasiatic; compare Old Khmer mek (“branch; bough”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ From Lingao mɔʔ⁸ (classifier for objects) (Fu, 2008).
|to destroy • to fold • booklet • foldable • side • (Cantonese) to close down; to fold • (Hong Kong Cantonese) to stay at a place • (Hong Kong Cantonese, university slang) unsocialized; uninteracting towards others • (Mainland China Hokkien) Classifier for folds of thin sheets. ‖ Used in personal names. ‖ Alternative form of 拉 (“to break; to snap”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mui⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : muî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : buê • Middle-Chinese : mwoj ‖  
|(archaic) stalk of shrub; trunk of tree • (historical) wooden peg (a gag for marching soldiers to prevent talking) • (obsolete) small wooden rod; counting rod • (dated) Classifier for generic countable objects. • (dated) Classifier for generic countable objects. · one by one; each • Classifier for certain small, flat objects, such as coins, stamps, badges, pearls, sporting medals. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier • Classifier for rockets, satellites and certain weapons (especially bombs). • (neologism) Classifier for people. • (neologism) Classifier for flat thin objects (especially followed by 入 mimicking Japanese usage to give an exotic flair or exaggerated quality perception of a product) • a surname: Mei ‖ (Hainanese) Classifier for generic countable objects.
| ‖ 枚(ひら) • (hira) ‖ 枚(まい) • (-mai)
| ‖ an object that is thin and flat ‖ counter for flat thin objects or sheets
|枚 (eum 매 (mae))
|
|
|to rub • to fold
|Hán-Nôm : mai
|摺 • (jeop) · 摺 • (jeop) (hangeul 접, revised jeop, McCune–Reischauer chŏp, Yale cep)
|
|
|枚
|-
|柏
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *praːɡ) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 白 (OC *braːɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *praːɡ) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 白 (OC *braːɡ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄞˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paak³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baak³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : peh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : peeh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piak • Middle-Chinese : paek ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baak³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paak³
|cypress • Alternative form of 伯 • Alternative form of 迫 • (～國) Bai, Bo (an ancient state in modern Henan) • (～市) Kashiwa City, a city in Japan • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 檗, used in 黃柏／黄柏 (huángbò).
| ‖ 柏(かしわ) or 柏(カシワ) • (kashiwa) ‖ 柏(かしわ) • (Kashiwa)
|oak • (rare) Japanese nutmeg yew, kaya, Torreya nucifera ‖ oak ‖ Kashiwa (a city in Chiba Prefecture, Japan) • a female given name
|柏 • (baek) · 柏 • (baek) (hangeul 백)
|Used in the names of certain trees
|Hán-Nôm : bách • Hán-Nôm : bá
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|
|摺
|柏
|-
|-
|撈
|柑
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄠˊ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : lou¹ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : laau¹ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : hôo
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːm) : semantic 木 (“wood; tree”) + phonetic 甘 (OC *kaːm). \ Either the same etymon as 甘 (OC *kaːm, “sweet”) (Wang, 1982), or, in light of the citrus fruit's southern origin, possibly connected with Austroasiatic; compare Proto-Austroasiatic *ŋaːm (Schuessler, 2007).
|to dredge up; to scoop out of water; to fish for • (dialectal) to grab; to take up • (figurative) to gain by improper means • (Eastern Min) to blanch; to scald; to cook briefly in boiling water • (Northern Min) to look for; to seek ‖ Used in 撈什子／捞什子, alternative form of 勞什子／劳什子 (láoshízi) ‖ (Cantonese) to mix; to stir • (Cantonese) to earn a living • (Cantonese) to want • (Cantonese) to tease ‖ (Cantonese, derogatory) non-Cantonese Chinese; northern Chinese; Mandarin-speaking Chinese ‖ (Hokkien) to dredge up; to scoop out of water; to fish for
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gam¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kam • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kann • Middle-Chinese : kam
|mandarin orange • tangerine • (dialectal Hakka, Mingxi Min, Waxiang) pomelo
| ‖ 柑(かん) • (kan)
| ‖ citrus fruit
|柑 • (gam, geom) · 柑 • (gam, geom) (hangeul 감, 검, revised gam, geom, McCune–Reischauer kam, kŏm, Yale kam, kem)
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|
|Hán-Nôm : cam • Hán-Nôm : cùm
|
|
|撈 • (ro>no) · 撈 • (ro>no) (hangeul 로>노, revised ro>no, McCune–Reischauer ro>no, Yale lo>no)
|柑
|-
|查
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsraː, *zraː, *zraː) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 且 (OC *sʰjaːʔ, *ʔsa) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsraː, *zraː, *zraː) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 且 (OC *sʰjaːʔ, *ʔsa) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsraː, *zraː, *zraː) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 且 (OC *sʰjaːʔ, *ʔsa)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caa⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsêe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsa • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsee • Middle-Chinese : dzrae ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caa⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsa • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsee ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caai⁴ • Middle-Chinese : dzrea
|(alt. form 槎) Original form of 楂 (chá, “wooden raft”). • to investigate; to examine; to look into; to probe • to look up something in; to search in; to consult ‖ Alternative form of 楂 (zhā, “hawthorn”) • a surname • (dialectal) I; me ‖ (colloquial) government official
|
|
|investigate, inspect
|查 (eumhun 사실할 사 (sasilhal sa))
|Alternative form of 査
|Hán-Nôm : tra • Hán-Nôm : già
|
|
|撈
|查
|-
|-
|撐
|柬
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caang³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : the • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thenn ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : zaang⁶
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 束 (“tie”) + 八 (“individually”).
|to prop up; to support • to push off (with a pole) • to sustain; to maintain • to open; to unfurl • to fill to the point of bursting • (Cantonese, figuratively) to support ‖ (Cantonese) to fill (a space); to expand
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaan² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kán • Middle-Chinese : keanX
|Alternative form of 揀／拣 (jiǎn, “to pick; to select”) • letter; note; invitation • Short for 柬埔寨 (Jiǎnpǔzhài, “Cambodia”). • Alternative form of 簡／简 (jiǎn)
|
|
|Support, prop up, brace. • The main support or pillar. • Eat one's fill, feast.
|select, pick out
|撐 (eum 탱 (taeng))
|柬 • (gan) · 柬 • (gan) (hangeul 간)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : giản
|
|
|撐
|柬
|-
|-
|撓
|柴
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naau⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naau⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naau⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngiáu
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zreː) : phonetic 此 (OC *sʰeʔ) + semantic 木. \ Perhaps related to 槎 (OC *zraːl, *zraːlʔ, “to cut trees”) (Schuessler, 2007). Compare also Khmer ឈើ (chəə, “wood”) (ibid.). \ On the other hand, the Min forms (e.g. Jian'ou châu, Fuzhou chà, Xiamen chhâ) are from 樵 (OC *zew). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zreː) : phonetic 此 (OC *sʰeʔ) + semantic 木. \ Perhaps related to 槎 (OC *zraːl, *zraːlʔ, “to cut trees”) (Schuessler, 2007). Compare also Khmer ឈើ (chəə, “wood”) (ibid.). \ On the other hand, the Min forms (e.g. Jian'ou châu, Fuzhou chà, Xiamen chhâ) are from 樵 (OC *zew). ‖ From English chevron (Leung, 2018).
|to disturb; to bother; to upset • to stir; to mix • to scratch • Alternative form of 鬧／闹 (nào, “noisy”) • to bend; to yield; to flinch • (Nanning Pinghua) paw; claw
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshâi • Middle-Chinese : dzrea ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaai⁶ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : caai⁴
|faggot; bundle of sticks bound together (as fuel) • firewood; brushwood; wood • (obsolete) to burn firewood and worship heaven • (dialectal) bony; skinny • (dialectal, of food) tough; stringy; hard to chew • (dialectal) no good; poor; inferior • (Min) slow and inarticulate; dull • a surname ‖ to fence; to surround and protect with fence (made of wood) • to cover; to place something over • to stop; to block; to obstruct • Alternative form of 寨 (zhài, “defending fence”) • Alternative form of 寨 (zhài, “villa”) ‖ (Hong Kong) chevron (insignia); stripe (Classifier: 條／条 c)
| ‖ 柴(しば) • (shiba) ‖ 柴(しば) • (Shiba)
|brushwood • firewood ‖ brushwood, firewood ‖ a surname
|柴 • (si, chae) · 柴 • (si, chae) (hangeul 시, 채, revised si, chae, McCune–Reischauer si, ch'ae, Yale si, chay)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : sài • Hán-Nôm : thầy • Hán-Nôm : thài • Hán-Nôm : thày • Hán-Nôm : sầy • Hán-Nôm : xầy
|
|
|撓 • (yo) · 撓 • (yo) (hangeul 요, revised yo, McCune–Reischauer yo, Yale yo)
|柴
|
|-
|柵
| ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄕ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caak³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaap³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : san • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsheh • Middle-Chinese : sraenH • Middle-Chinese : tsrhjaek • Middle-Chinese : tsrheak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caak³
|fence; railing; palisade ‖ Only used in 柵極／栅极 and 光柵／光栅 (guāngshān). ‖ Only used in 上柵／上栅 and 下柵／下栅, place names in Zhongshan, Guangdong.
| ‖ 柵(さく) • (saku) ‖ 柵(さく) • (Saku) ‖ 柵(しがらみ) • (shigarami) ‖ 柵(しがらみ) • (Shigarami) ‖ 柵(き) • (ki) ‖ 柵(くえ) • (kue) ^(←くへ (kufe)?)
|fence, stockade • fort • weir ‖ a fence • (by extension) a wooden fort • a weir ‖ a surname ‖ a weir • (by extension) an obstacle ‖ a surname ‖ a fortress ‖ (obsolete) a fence • the exit and entrance of a port
|柵 (eumhun 울타리 책 (ultari chaek))
|hanja form of 책 (“fence”)
|Hán-Nôm : sách
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|
|撓
|柵
|-
|-
|撚
|框
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nan² • Cantonese · Jyutping : nin² • Cantonese · Jyutping : nin⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lián ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : lan²
|to pinch; to pick up (with one's fingers) • to take; to hold • to rub (with one's fingers) • to fiddle; to fidget • to play tricks; to toy with; to tease • to trample; to tread • Alternative form of 攆／撵 (niǎn, “to expel; to drive out”) • (music) to press on or lightly pinch in the strings of the pipa to produce a wave-like effect • (Southern Min) to swindle; to defraud ‖ penis (Classifier: 條／条 c; 轆／辘 c) • fucking; freaking; the hell; the fuck • (derogatory) a person associated with a particular identity or trait; -er (usually for males) • Negates the meaning of the sentence: fuck all, my ass, like fuck, no fucking way
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|
|to twist
|Cantonese · Jyutping : hong¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwaang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwaak¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄤˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄤˋㄦ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄤ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khing • Middle-Chinese : khjwang
|撚 (eumhun 비틀 년 (biteul nyeon), South Korea 비틀 연 (biteul yeon))
|frame • framework • door frame • to restrain; to restrict
| ‖ 框(かまち) • (kamachi)
|frame • (narrowly) door frame ‖ window frame or door frame
|框 • (gwang) · 框 • (gwang) (hangeul 광, revised gwang, McCune–Reischauer kwang, Yale kwang)
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|
|Hán-Nôm : chuồng • Hán-Nôm : khuông
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|撚
|框
|-
|-
|撥
|桌
|Cantonese · Jyutping : but⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : but³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : put³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puat ‖
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rteːwɢ) : phonetic 卓 (OC *rteːwɢ, “high”) + semantic 木 (“tree; wood”) – table. The bottom 十 of 卓 has merged with or been replaced by 木. \ From 卓 (OC *rteːwɢ, “high”), as tables are relatively tall (compared to other pieces of furniture like 几). \ Similar descriptive derivations for pieces of furniture include: 登 (“to climb”) > 凳 (“stool”); 倚 (“to lean”) > 椅 (“chair”).
|"(transitive) to turn around; to move in a ""waving"", scattering way, including: · to dispel; to scatter • (transitive) to turn around; to move in a ""waving"", scattering way, including: · to distribute; to allocate (resources, staff, etc); to set aside (money) • (transitive) to turn around; to move in a ""waving"", scattering way, including: · to dial (a phone number) • (transitive) to turn around; to move in a ""waving"", scattering way, including: · to push aside or forward with the foot, hand, stick, etc. • (transitive) to turn around; to move in a ""waving"", scattering way, including: · to stir; to pluck • (transitive) to turn around; to move in a ""waving"", scattering way, including: · (figurative) to incite; to excite • (transitive) to turn around; to move in a ""waving"", scattering way, including: · to play a plucked string instrument • (transitive) to turn around; to move in a ""waving"", scattering way, including: · to wave a fan • (transitive) to turn around; to move in a ""waving"", scattering way, including: · to poke (a fire) • (transitive) to turn around; to move in a ""waving"", scattering way, including: · (Southern Min) to take out (time, etc.) • (transitive) to turn around; to move in a ""waving"", scattering way, including: · (Southern Min) to divert; to reallocate; to misappropriate (money, funds, etc.) • (intransitive) to wave; to sweep; to whirl • (intransitive) to ferment (of wine); to brew • (transitive) to delete; to cut • (transitive) to reject; to abandon • (transitive) to govern; to rule; to pacify • plectrum • Classifier for people or things: group; batch ‖ to give • to allow • to; for; by"
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄛ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄛㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : toh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tok • Middle-Chinese : traewk
| ‖ 撥(ばち) or 撥(バチ) • (bachi)
|table; desk; stand • Classifier for tablefuls of dishes or people: table • (Hokkien) feast; banquet
| ‖ plectrum for instruments such as the biwa and shamisen
|撥 (eumhun 다스릴 발 (daseuril bal)) · 撥 (eumhun 방패 벌 (bangpae beol))
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|
|
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|撥
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : trác • Hán-Nôm : trướp
|(obsolete) a table
|桌
|-
|-
|撫
|桐
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bú
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *doːŋ) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 同 (OC *doːŋ).
|to stroke; to caress • (alt. form 拊) to pat; to strike; to clap • to play; to pluck (an instrument) • to console; to comfort • to hold; to possess; to control • to nurture; to take care of • (Suzhounese, by extension) to wash
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tâng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thâng • Middle-Chinese : duwng
|various trees related to the tung tree (now distinguished as oil-tung 油桐), particularly paulownia • a surname
| ‖ 桐(きり) or 桐(キリ) • (kiri) ‖ 桐(きり) • (Kiri)
|paulownia ‖ the paulownia tree, Paulownia tomentosa • a 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) with various designs of paulownia flowers and leaves • (card games) the paulownia suit in a hanafuda deck, representing the month of December • (colloquial) a koto (Japanese zither) • (colloquial) money, especially gold coins such as the 大判 (ōban) and the 小判 (koban) ‖ a female given name • a surname
|桐 (eumhun 오동나무 동 (odongnamu dong))
|
|
|stroke, pat
|Hán-Nôm : đồng
|撫 • (mu) · 撫 • (mu) (hangeul 무, revised mu, McCune–Reischauer mu, Yale mu)
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|
|
|桐
|撫
|-
|-
|撻
|桔
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taat³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : that ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄚˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taat¹ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : taat¹ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : taat¹ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : daat³ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : taat³
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kiːd) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 吉 (OC *klid). ‖  ‖
|to flog • to chastise • brave • (archery) leather grip at the nocking point in a bow string • Alternative form of 鰨／鳎 (tǎ) ‖ (chiefly Cantonese) tart (pastry) • (Cantonese, euphemistic) vulva ‖ (Cantonese) to start (an engine, a vehicle, etc.); to ignite ‖ (Cantonese, slang) to steal ‖ (Cantonese, intransitive) to fall down • (Cantonese, transitive) to slam; to thud • (Cantonese, transitive) to pressure (someone) with one's authority or influence • (Cantonese, transitive) to show off (something) ‖ (Cantonese) to droop • (Cantonese) to lie limply
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : git³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gat¹ • Middle-Chinese : ket ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gat¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiat ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kit³
|Used in 桔梗 (jiégěng). • Used in 桔槔 (jiégāo, “well sweep”); also used as its short form. • to suspend with a well sweep ‖ Alternative form of 橘 (jú) ‖ Only used in 桔柣.
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|
|(used in plant names)
|桔 • (gil) · 桔 • (gil) (hangeul 길, revised gil, McCune–Reischauer kil, Yale kil)
|
|
|撻 • (dal) · 撻 • (dal) (hangeul 달)
|Hán-Nôm : cát • Hán-Nôm : quất • Hán-Nôm : kết
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|
|桔
|-
|桶
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰoːŋʔ, *l'oːŋʔ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 甬 (OC *loŋʔ). \ Compare Khmer ថាំង (thang), Thai ถัง (tǎng).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tung² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tháng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thóng • Middle-Chinese : thuwngX • Middle-Chinese : duwngX
|pail; bucket; tub • cask; keg • barrel (unit) • (Philippine Hokkien) million
| ‖ 桶(おけ) • (oke) ^(←をけ (woke)?) ‖ 桶(こが) • (koga)
|a tub, a bucket ‖ a tube-shaped container for holding split flax or hemp, usually made of thin cypress wood bent to shape • by extension, a pail, bucket, tub, or basin similar to a barrel in construction, made of long thin pieces of cedar or cypress extending up from a base and held in place with hoops; may be small enough to carry in one hand, or large enough to bathe in • (Noh theater) a stool on stage, on which an actor sits ‖ (archaic, possibly obsolete) an oke (tub, bucket, basin) or taru (樽, “barrel”)
|桶 • (tong, yong) · 桶 • (tong, yong) (hangeul 통, 용, revised tong, yong, McCune–Reischauer t'ong, yong, Yale thong, yong)
|(통 통, tong-): barrel, bucket, can, cask, pail, tub, vat, compare ton, Dut. ton ("vat")
|Hán-Nôm : thùng
|
|
|撻
|桶
|-
|-
|撿
|梆
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gim² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiám ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˇ
|^† (alt. form 檢／检) to restrain; to constrain • ^† (alt. form 檢／检) to investigate • to pick up; to collect • to put in order • (dialectal Hakka) to take; to get ‖
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pang • Middle-Chinese : paewng
|watchman's rattle • (onomatopoeia) rat-tat; rat-a-tat
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|
|撿 • (geom) · 撿 • (geom) (hangeul 검, revised geom, McCune–Reischauer kŏm, Yale kem)
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|
|梆 (eum 방 (bang))
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|
|撿
|Hán-Nôm : bương • Hán-Nôm : bang
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|梆
|-
|-
|擄
|條
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lóo
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯːw) : phonetic 攸 (OC *lɯw) + semantic 木. \ Related to 悠 (OC *lɯw, “remote; distant”), 修 (OC *slɯw, “long and thin”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|to capture; to seize • to plunder; to rob
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄠˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄠˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâu • Middle-Chinese : dew
|strip; slip • twig; branch • long and thin objects • (of law or treaty) item; article; section; clause; condition • informal note • order • Classifier for long and thin objects or animals. • Classifier for something that can be listed item by item, such as reasons, (pieces of) news, messages, advices, etc. • Classifier for lives or minds. • (dialectal Cantonese, Hakka, Southern Min) Classifier for songs. • (Cantonese) Classifier for villages. • (Cantonese, often derogatory) Classifier for people. • (Cantonese) Classifier for consecutive digits.
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|擄 • (ro>no) · 擄 • (ro>no) (hangeul 로>노, revised ro>no, McCune–Reischauer ro>no, Yale lo>no)
|條 (eum 조 (jo))
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|
|Hán-Nôm : điều
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|擄
|條
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|-
|擋
|梢
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dong² • Cantonese · Jyutping : dong³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tóng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tòng
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sreːw) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 肖 (OC *slew, *slews).
|to block; to obstruct • to hide from view; to cover; to obscure • (automotive) gear • (Northern Wu) to handle; to keep in place; to hold fast; to hold and shield with hand
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siau • Middle-Chinese : sraew
|pointed tip of something long like a branch • rudder
| ‖ 梢(こずえ) • (kozue) ^(←こずゑ (kozwe)?) ‖ 梢(こずえ) • (Kozue) ^(←こずゑ (kozwe)?) ‖ 梢(しょう) • (Shō) ^(←せう (seu)?)
|treetop ‖ a treetop ‖ a female given name • a surname ‖ a female given name
|梢 • (cho) · 梢 • (cho) (hangeul 초, revised cho, McCune–Reischauer ch'o, Yale cho)
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|
|Hán-Nôm : sao
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|梢
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|梧
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ng⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gôo • Middle-Chinese : ngu
|Chinese parasol tree (Firmiana platanifolia), also known as Sterculia platanifolia
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|擋
|梧 • (o) · 梧 • (o) (hangeul 오, revised o, McCune–Reischauer o, Yale o)
|-
|擘
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maak³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : peh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : peeh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piak
|(literary) thumb • (literary, figurative) outstanding person • (literary or dialectal) to split; to break; to tear (with one's fingers) • (literary or dialectal) to open; to spread
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|Hán-Nôm : ngô
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|擘 • (byeok) · 擘 • (byeok) (hangeul 벽, revised byeok, McCune–Reischauer pyŏk, Yale pyek)
|梧
|-
|梭
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sloːl) : semantic 木 + phonetic 夋 (OC *sʰlun). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sloːl) : semantic 木 + phonetic 夋 (OC *sʰlun).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : so¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : so • Hokkien · Tai-lo : soo • Middle-Chinese : swa ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄣˋ
|weaver's shuttle • go to and fro • Classifier for shuttles of threads. ‖ Populus euphratica • lush
| ‖ 梭(ひ) • (hi) ‖ 梭(さ) • (sa)
| ‖ (weaving) shuttle ‖ (weaving) shuttle
|梭 (eum 사 (sa))
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|
|Hán-Nôm : thoi
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|擘
|梭
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|-
|擠
|梯
|Cantonese · Jyutping : zai¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsé ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jik ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : khueh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kheh
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰiːl) : semantic 木 (“wood, tree”) + phonetic 弟 (OC *diːlʔ, *diːls) – a wooden ladder.
|to crowd together tightly; to squeeze • to squeeze one's way in; to cram in • to squeeze out; to wring; to use pressure to extract • (Cantonese) to place; to put ‖ (Hokkien) to squeeze out • (Xiamen, Quanzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to injure the bones, muscles, or joints of one's arms or legs due to violent and sudden contact with a hard object ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 𤲍 (xiá)
|Cantonese · Jyutping : tai¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thui • Hokkien · Tai-lo : the • Middle-Chinese : thej
|ladder; steps; stairs (Classifier: 條／条 c; 堂 c) • ladder-shaped object • to climb • to lean against • (Hong Kong, in compounds) escalator
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|
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|擠 (eum 제 (je))
|梯 • (je) · 梯 • (je) (hangeul 제)
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|
|Hán-Nôm : thê
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|擠
|梯
|-
|-
|擰
|梳
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ning² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ning⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ning⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liàm ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ning² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ning⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄥˋ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : ning⁶
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sŋra) : semantic 木 + abbreviated phonetic 疏 (OC *sŋra, *sŋras). \ Traditionally thought to be related to 疏 (OC *sŋra, “distant; sparse”), as compared to 篦 (OC *piː, *bis, “fine-tooth comb”) (Shiming; Wang, 1982). \ However, Schuessler (2007) considers this to be folk etymology and instead proposes that this is related to Tibetan གཤོད (gshod, “to comb”), Proto-Kuki-Chin *hriat (“to comb; to brush”). STEDT provisionally reconstructs Proto-Tibeto-Burman *g-s-j(w)at (“to comb; to brush”) and also notes possible connection to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *m-si-t (“comb; rake”). ‖
|to twist; to wring • to pinch; to tweak ‖ to twist; to screw • (colloquial) wrong; mistaken • (colloquial, of two people) to disagree; to be at odds ‖ (colloquial) stubborn; obstinate; unbending; headstrong ‖ (Cantonese) to turn around
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : soo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sue • Hokkien · Tai-lo : se • Middle-Chinese : srjo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨ
|comb; brush (Classifier: 把 c) • to comb; to brush (hair, etc.) • (Cantonese) Classifier for bunches of fruit, especially bananas. ‖ (chiefly Cantonese) Used in transcription.
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|梳 • (so) · 梳 • (so) (hangeul 소, revised so, McCune–Reischauer so, Yale so)
|comb, brush
|Hán-Nôm : sơ
|
|梳
|-
|棉
|Variant of 綿 by replacing 糸 with 木 (裘錫圭：《文字學概要（修訂本）》, p222). \ Attested late, in Tang dynasty; unless Shijing’s 綿蠻 (OC *men mroːn, “tiny, delicate”) (according to Mao Commentary) is derived from "cotton" (Schuessler, 2007). \ Etymology unclear, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan (Schuessler, 2007)? Tibetan བལ། (bal) is cognate to either this or 蟠 (OC *baːn, *ban, “to coil, to curl”) (ibid.).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : min⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : biân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mî • Middle-Chinese : mjien
|kapok (tree, fiber) • cotton (tree, fiber) • cotton-like material • a surname: Mian
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|
|cotton • batting, stuffing
|棉 (eum 면 (myeon))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : miên
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|擰
|棉
|-
|-
|擱
|棍
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gok³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : koh
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kuːns, *ɡuːnʔ) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 昆 (OC *kuːn).
|to place; to put; to lay down • to add • to hold; to contain • to delay • to bear; to stand; to endure
|Cantonese · Jyutping : gwan³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄣˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kùn • Middle-Chinese : hwonX
|stick; cudgel (Classifier: 轆／辘 c) • scoundrel • (Cantonese, euphemistic) penis
|
|
|lay down • put down
|擱 (eum 각 (gak))
|place, put, lay down • delay
|
|
|擱
|棍 • (gon, hon) · 棍 • (gon, hon) (hangeul 곤, 혼)
|-
|擲
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaak⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ti̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tia̍k ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tàn ‖  ‖
|to throw; to hurl; to cast; to fling ‖ (Hokkien) to throw; to hurl ‖ (Teochew) to throw; to hurl ‖ (Hakka) to throw; to hurl (especially something heavy)
| ‖ 擲(たたき) • (Tataki)
|abandon, throw away • hit, strike ‖ a surname
|擲 • (cheok) · 擲 • (cheok) (hangeul 척, revised cheok, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏk, Yale chek)
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|
|Hán-Nôm : côn • Hán-Nôm : gon • Hán-Nôm : gòn
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|擲
|棍
|-
|-
|擺
|棕
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄞˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baai² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pái ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : baai² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pái • Hokkien · Tai-lo : páinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mái
|Originally written as 椶, a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsoːŋ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 㚇. The phonetic component was later replaced by 宗 (zōng). \ Wang (1982) relates it to 總 (OC *ʔsloːŋʔ, “to collect”), 稯 (OC *ʔsoːŋ, “sheaf; bundle”), 鬃 (OC *ʔsoːŋ, “mane”).
|to get rid of; to break free from; to push aside • to separate; to divide • to put; to place; to arrange • to put on; to assume (air); to display • (regional) to talk; to speak; to lay bare; to state clearly • to sway; to wave; to swing • pendulum • (neologism, slang) Short for 擺爛／摆烂 (bǎilàn, “to strive instead for shoddiness”). • (dialectal) malaria • (archaic) to scheme; to set up • (archaic) to wrap • Alternative form of 捭 (“to hit; to beat”) • a surname ‖ (Southern Min, Hakka, Malaysian Cantonese) Classifier for occurrences: time
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsong • Middle-Chinese : tsuwng
|palm tree • palm fiber • brown (color, similar to that of fibers made from a palm's leaf sheath)
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|棕 (eumhun 종려나무 종 (jongnyeonamu jong))
|hanja form of 종 (“palm tree”)
|Hán-Nôm : sồng • Hán-Nôm : tông
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|
|擺 (eum 파 (pa))
|棕
|-
|棘
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kik • Middle-Chinese : kik ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : kik¹
|jujube tree • thorny bush; bramble • thorns • thorny • to prick • Synonym of 戟 (jǐ, “halberd”) ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 撠 (kik1, “to be stuck”)
| ‖ 棘(とげ) • (toge) ‖ 棘(いばら) or 棘(イバラ) • (ibara)
| ‖ thorn ‖ a shrub with thorns: a bramble, a briar • thorn • a thorny flower of the genus Rosa: a rose
|棘 • (geuk) · 棘 • (geuk) (hangeul 극, revised geuk, McCune–Reischauer kŭk, Yale kuk)
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|Hán-Nôm : gấc • Hán-Nôm : cức
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|
|擺
|棘
|-
|-
|擻
|棟
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄡˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau²
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *toːŋs) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 東 (OC *toːŋ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dung³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dung⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tàng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiòng • Middle-Chinese : tuwngH
|main beam supporting a house; ridgepole • (literary) house; building • Classifier for buildings. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier • (figurative) important person; pillars of the state • (Sichuanese) mountain ridge; mountain peak • a surname: Dong
| ‖ 棟(とう) or 棟(むね) • (-tō or -mune) ‖ 棟(とう) • (tō) · 棟(むね) • (mune) ‖ 棟(とう) • (-tō)
| ‖ buildings ‖ large building • ridge of a roof ‖ building
|棟 • (dong) · 棟 • (dong) (hangeul 동, revised dong, McCune–Reischauer tong, Yale tong)
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|
|Hán-Nôm : đống
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|棟
|-
|棠
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *daːŋ) : phonetic 尚 (OC *djaŋ, *djaŋs) + semantic 木 (“tree, wood”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tông • Middle-Chinese : dang
|crabapple tree • wild plum
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|
|
|棠 • (dang) · 棠 • (dang) (hangeul 당, revised dang, McCune–Reischauer tang, Yale tang)
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|Hán-Nôm : đường
|
|
|擻
|棠
|-
|-
|擾
|棵
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liáu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiáu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lǎ
| ‖ For pronunciation and definitions of 棵 – see 樖. \ (This character is a variant form of 樖).
|to disturb; to trouble • (literary) confused; disordered • (polite) to receive money, goods or food; to enjoy hospitality
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fo² • Cantonese · Jyutping : fo¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kho • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kher ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜˇ
|Classifier for plants. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier ‖ a kind of chopping board
|
|
|to disturb • troubled; turbulent • to become attached to • to make someone attached to
|Classifier for counting plants. • Cut tree. • Piece of wood. • Bunch of firewood.
|擾 • (yo) · 擾 • (yo) (hangeul 요, revised yo, McCune–Reischauer yo, Yale yo)
|
|
|
|
|擾
|Hán-Nôm : quả • Hán-Nôm : khỏa • Hán-Nôm : khoả
|
|棵
|-
|-
|攆
|椒
|Cantonese · Jyutping : lin⁵ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lián • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liàn
|to expel; to oust • (dialectal Mandarin, Jin) to chase after; to run after • (Teochew) to push with the hands • (Kinmen Hokkien) to cut
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|
|Cantonese · Jyutping : ziu¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsio • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiau • Middle-Chinese : tsjew
|(originally) Sichuan pepper • any similar plants and spices, such as pepper and chili • summit • a surname
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|
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|
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|攆
|Hán-Nôm : tiêu
|any spices or plants, usually peppers
|椒
|-
|-
|攏
|椰
|Cantonese · Jyutping : lung⁵ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄥˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lóng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : láng
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *laː) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 耶 (OC *laː). \ Attested as early as the Jin dynasty (晉朝). Compare earlier form 楈枒 (OC *sŋa/sŋaʔ ŋraː/ŋraːs), 胥邪 (OC *sŋa/sŋaʔ ljaː/laː), 胥餘 (OC *sŋa/sŋaʔ la) (attested since Han dynasty).
|to gather together; to collect • (literary, or in compounds) to approach; to draw near to • to total; to add up; to amount to • to comb; to brush (hair, mane, etc.) • (archaic) to pick; to pluck (strings on an instrument) • (Southern Min, Zhao'an Hakka) all; both • (Sichuanese) to arrive • a surname: Long
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iâ • Middle-Chinese : yae
|^⁜ coconut palm • (now in compounds or dialectal) coconut (Classifier: 個／个 c)
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|
|collect • bring together
|palm tree
|攏 • (rong>nong) · 攏 • (rong>nong) (hangeul 롱>농, revised rong>nong, McCune–Reischauer rong>nong, Yale long>nong)
|椰 • (ya) · 椰 • (ya) (hangeul 야, revised ya, McCune–Reischauer ya, Yale ya)
|press down • stroke • bind • harmonize with • berth, tie up • comb • soothe
|
|
|攏
|Hán-Nôm : da • Hán-Nôm : dà • Hán-Nôm : dừa • Hán-Nôm : gia
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|椰
|-
|-
|攔
|楊
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nuâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ânn
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *laŋ) : semantic 木 (“tree, wood”) + phonetic 昜 (OC *laŋ) – a kind of tree. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *glaŋ (“poplar, willow”). Cognate with Tibetan ལྕང་མ (lcang ma, “willow”).
|to obstruct; to impede; to bar; to hinder • to face
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iûnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iônn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiûnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiônn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiōnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iâng • Middle-Chinese : yang
|
|poplar; aspen; willow • Used in 楊桃／杨桃 (yángtáo). • Used in 楊梅／杨梅 (yángméi). • a surname, listed sixteenth in the Baijiaxing • Young (English given name)
|
| ‖ 楊(よう) • (yō)
|攔 • (ran>nan) · 攔 • (ran>nan) (hangeul 란>난, revised ran>nan, McCune–Reischauer ran>nan, Yale lan>nan)
| ‖ willow; poplar; aspen
|楊 • (yang) · 楊 • (yang) (hangeul 양, revised yang, McCune–Reischauer yang, Yale yang)
|(버들): willow
|Hán-Nôm : dương
|chữ Hán form of Dương (“a surname”).
|楊
|-
|楚
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sŋ̊ʰraʔ, *sŋ̊ʰras) : semantic 林 (“forest; grove; woods”) + phonetic 疋 (OC *ŋraːʔ, *sŋra, *sŋraʔ). \ Schuessler (2007) proposes an Austroasiatic origin; compare Proto-Austroasiatic *ɟrla(ː)ʔ (“thorn”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshó • Middle-Chinese : tsrhjoX • Middle-Chinese : tsrhjoH
|(obsolete) Vitex; Chinese chaste tree (Vitex negundo) • (obsolete) thick growth of weeds or trees • (historical) punishment cane • (historical) to beat with a punishment cane • painful; suffering • neat; clear; orderly; arranged • bright; gorgeous • (obsolete) vulgar; unrefined • (～國) (historical) Chu (an ancient Chinese viscounty and kingdom along the Yangtze River during the Zhou dynasty) • modern-day Hubei and Hunan (where the state of Chu was located) • (specifically) Hubei • a surname
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|whip • cane
|楚 • (cho) · 楚 • (cho) (hangeul 초, revised cho, McCune–Reischauer ch'o, Yale cho)
|name of feudal state • clear
|Hán-Nôm : sở • Hán-Nôm : sỡ
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|
|攔
|楚
|-
|-
|攘
|榆
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄤˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiáng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiáng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄤˋ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lo) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 俞 (OC *l̥ʰus, *lo).
|to repel; to expel • to steal; to snatch • to invade; to seize by force • (alt. form 纕／𬙋) to pull up the sleeves • (alt. form 禳) to pray or offer sacrifices to avert disaster ‖ to throw into disorder; to disturb ‖ Original form of 讓／让 (ràng, “to yield; to give in”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : û • Hokkien · Tai-lo : î • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jû • Middle-Chinese : yu
|elm tree
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|elm tree
|榆 • (yu) · 榆 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu, Yale yu)
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|攘 (eum 양 (yang))
|Hán-Nôm : du
|
|
|to capture, obtain • to give chase, to expel • to eliminate
|榆
|攘
|-
|-
|攙
|榔
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caam¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsham
| ‖
|to stab; to insert • sharp • to mix; to blend; to adulterate • to support by the arm • to take by force; to seize
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : long⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nn̂g • Middle-Chinese : lang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄤˇ • Middle-Chinese : langX
|Used in compounds. ‖
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|give helping hand
|betel palm
|攙 (eum 참 (cham))
|榔 • (rang>nang) · 榔 • (rang>nang) (hangeul 랑>낭, revised rang>nang, McCune–Reischauer rang>nang, Yale lang>nang)
|to give a helping hand • to support, hold up
|
|
|攙
|Hán-Nôm : lang • Hán-Nôm : trang
|betel nut tree
|榔
|-
|-
|攜
|榕
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hê
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *loŋ) : semantic 木 + phonetic 容 (OC *loŋ).
|to carry; to bear • to take along; to take somebody by the hand • to lead by hand • to co-operate; hand in hand • King Xie of the Zhou dynasty
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siông
|banyan tree • Short for 榕城 (Róngchéng, “Fuzhou”).
|
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|Original form of 携
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|榕 (eum 용 (yong))
|
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|Hán-Nôm : dung
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|攜
|榕
|-
|-
|攣
|榜
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄢˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩㄢˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lyun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luān ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : lyun¹
| ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖
|to spasm and become curled, unable to be stretched ‖ (Cantonese) curved; curly; twisted • (Cantonese) to curve; to bend • (Cantonese, slang) homosexual; not straight
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bong² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pńg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : póng • Middle-Chinese : pangX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄤˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pong³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bong³ • Middle-Chinese : paengH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pang⁴ • Middle-Chinese : baeng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄤˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄤˇ
|placard; inscribed board • notice; announcement • list of successful candidates ‖ boat oar; boat • to row • to beat up a person • Alternative form of 傍 ‖ Only used in 榜檠. • to beat up a person (type of punishment in ancient times) ‖ ^‡ type of wood • Alternative form of 旁 ‖ (dialectal) to loosen soil
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|攣 • (ryeon>yeon) · 攣 • (ryeon>yeon) (hangeul 련>연, revised ryeon>yeon, McCune–Reischauer ryŏn>yŏn, Yale lyen>yen)
|榜 • (bang, byeong) · 榜 • (bang, byeong) (hangeul 방, 병, revised bang, byeong, McCune–Reischauer pang, pyŏng, Yale pang, pyeng)
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|Hán-Nôm : bàng • Hán-Nôm : báng • Hán-Nôm : bảng • Hán-Nôm : bửng • Hán-Nôm : vảng • Hán-Nôm : bứng • Hán-Nôm : phẳng
|
|
|攣
|榜
|-
|-
|攤
|榨
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuann • Hokkien · Tai-lo : than ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄢˋ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsraːɡs) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 窄 (OC *ʔsraːɡ).
|to spread something out; to lay out • stand, stall or table where goods are exhibited and sold • to distribute; to share (responsibility) • to cook by flattening and frying a batter or paste • to befall; to encounter (something undesirable) • (Cantonese) to lie down • (Southern Min) Classifier for work, business, meals. ‖ to press
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsèe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsà • Middle-Chinese : tsraeH
|to press or extract juices; to squeeze • press to extract juices • (figurative) to exploit; to force; to oppress; to repress • a surname: Zha
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|
|榨 • (ja) · 榨 • (ja) (hangeul 자, revised ja, McCune–Reischauer cha, Yale ca)
|
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|open • broaden • apportion
|Hán-Nôm : trá
|攤 • (tan) · 攤 • (tan) (hangeul 탄, revised tan, McCune–Reischauer t'an, Yale than)
|spread out, open • apportion
|
|
|攤
|榨
|-
|-
|攪
|榮
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiáu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ká • Hokkien · Tai-lo : káu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiauh
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷreŋ) : abbreviated phonetic 熒 (OC *ɡʷeːŋ) + semantic 木 \ Same word as 熒 (OC *ɡʷeːŋ) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for etymology.
|to disturb; to annoy • to mix; to stir
|Cantonese · Jyutping : wing⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : îng • Middle-Chinese : hjwaeng
|glory; honour • to flourish; to prosper • (～縣) Rong County (a county of Zigong, Sichuan, China) • a surname
| ‖  
| ‖  
|to disturb ‖  
|Kyūjitai form of 栄 ‖  
|攪 • (gyo) · 攪 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo, Yale kyo)
|榮 (eumhun 꽃 영 (kkot yeong))
|
|hanja form of 영 (“glory, honour”) • hanja form of 영 (“flourish, prosper”)
|
|Hán-Nôm : vinh • Hán-Nôm : vang • Hán-Nôm : vành • Hán-Nôm : vểnh • Hán-Nôm : vênh • Hán-Nôm : vanh • Hán-Nôm : văng
|攪
|glory, honour • Vinh, the capital of Nghệ An Province
|榮
|-
|-
|攫
|榴
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fok³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwok³
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *m·ru) : semantic 木 + phonetic 留 (OC *m·ru, *m·rus). \ The botanist Li Shizhen suggests that 榴 is the same as 瘤 (OC *m·ru, *m·rus, “lump, tumour”), as the pomegranate fruit resembles cancerous outgrowths on the body.
|(of animals) to grab using claws • to grab; to snatch; to seize
|Cantonese · Jyutping : lau⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄡˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liû • Middle-Chinese : ljuw
|Short for 石榴 (shíliú, “pomegranate”). • a surname
|
|
|abduct
|pomegranate
|攫 (eum 확 (hwak))
|榴 • (ryu>yu) · 榴 • (ryu>yu) (hangeul 류>유, revised ryu>yu, McCune–Reischauer ryu>yu, Yale lyu>yu)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : lựu
|
|
|攫
|榴
|-
|-
|攬
|槐
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laam⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laam⁵⁻² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lám
|to grasp, to take hold of • to monopolize; to control • to pick; to gather • to take on; to adopt • (Cantonese, Gan, Min) to hug; to embrace in the arms • (Cantonese) fitting (tube connector)
|
|
|
|攬 • (ram>nam) · 攬 • (ram>nam) (hangeul 람>남, revised ram>nam, McCune–Reischauer ram>nam, Yale lam>nam)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huâi • Middle-Chinese : hweaj • Middle-Chinese : hwoj
|Chinese scholar tree (Styphnolobium japonicum); Japanese pagoda tree; locust tree • (alt. form 褱) Dipsacus asper • (Chinese mythology) Huai of Xia (eighth king of the semi-legendary Xia dynasty) • a surname
| ‖ 槐(えんじゅ) or 槐(エンジュ) • (enju)
| ‖ pagoda tree (Styphnolobium japonicum)
|槐 (eum 괴 (goe))
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|Hán-Nôm : hòe • Hán-Nôm : hoè • Hán-Nôm : hoe
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|攬
|槐
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|敎
|樂
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 糸 (“string”) + 木 (“wood”) – strings on a piece of wood, i.e. a wooden musical instrument. \ The oracle bone form shows two strings connected to the wood. In the bronze inscriptions, a 白 (OC *braːɡ) component was added in between the two strings, which may either represent the thumb (fiddling) or a phonetic part. \ ; “music; joyful” \ : Also comparable is Middle Khmer leṅa (“to play”) and bhleṅa (“(playing) music”), whence Thai เล่น (lên, “to play”) and เพลง (pleeng, “music”). ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 糸 (“string”) + 木 (“wood”) – strings on a piece of wood, i.e. a wooden musical instrument. \ The oracle bone form shows two strings connected to the wood. In the bronze inscriptions, a 白 (OC *braːɡ) component was added in between the two strings, which may either represent the thumb (fiddling) or a phonetic part. \ ; “music; joyful” \ : Also comparable is Middle Khmer leṅa (“to play”) and bhleṅa (“(playing) music”), whence Thai เล่น (lên, “to play”) and เพลง (pleeng, “music”). ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 糸 (“string”) + 木 (“wood”) – strings on a piece of wood, i.e. a wooden musical instrument. \ The oracle bone form shows two strings connected to the wood. In the bronze inscriptions, a 白 (OC *braːɡ) component was added in between the two strings, which may either represent the thumb (fiddling) or a phonetic part. \ ; “music; joyful” \ : Also comparable is Middle Khmer leṅa (“to play”) and bhleṅa (“(playing) music”), whence Thai เล่น (lên, “to play”) and เพลง (pleeng, “music”). ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 糸 (“string”) + 木 (“wood”) – strings on a piece of wood, i.e. a wooden musical instrument. \ The oracle bone form shows two strings connected to the wood. In the bronze inscriptions, a 白 (OC *braːɡ) component was added in between the two strings, which may either represent the thumb (fiddling) or a phonetic part. \ ; “music; joyful” \ : Also comparable is Middle Khmer leṅa (“to play”) and bhleṅa (“(playing) music”), whence Thai เล่น (lên, “to play”) and เพลง (pleeng, “music”). ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 糸 (“string”) + 木 (“wood”) – strings on a piece of wood, i.e. a wooden musical instrument. \ The oracle bone form shows two strings connected to the wood. In the bronze inscriptions, a 白 (OC *braːɡ) component was added in between the two strings, which may either represent the thumb (fiddling) or a phonetic part. \ ; “music; joyful” \ : Also comparable is Middle Khmer leṅa (“to play”) and bhleṅa (“(playing) music”), whence Thai เล่น (lên, “to play”) and เพลง (pleeng, “music”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄝˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ga̍k • Middle-Chinese : ngaewk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄜˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lo̍k • Middle-Chinese : lak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄜˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngaau⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngāu • Middle-Chinese : ngaewH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄠˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lok³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lok⁶
|music; tune; melody; song • (obsolete) to play music; to sing • (obsolete) musician • (obsolete) musical instrument • Short for 樂經／乐经 (Yuèjīng, “Classic of Music”). • a surname ‖ joyful; happy; glad • happiness; joy; pleasure • (obsolete) lasciviousness; lechery; decadence • to laugh; to smile • to enjoy; to love • (Cantonese) Short for 可樂／可乐 (kělè, “cola”). • 24th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "joy" (𝌝) • a surname ‖ (obsolete) to be fond of; to enjoy; to appreciate ‖ Used in place names. ‖ Used in compounds.
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|Kyūjitai form of 楽
|樂 (eumhun 노래 악 (norae ak)) ‖ 樂 (eumhun 즐길 락 (jeulgil rak), word-initial (South Korea) 즐길 낙 (jeulgil nak)) ‖ 樂 (eumhun 좋아할 요 (joahal yo))
|hanja form of 악 (“music; tune; melody; song”) ‖ hanja form of 락/낙 (“to enjoy; happiness; pleasure”) ‖ (literary) hanja form of 요 (“to be fond of; to like”)
|Hán-Nôm : lạc • Hán-Nôm : nhạc
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|樂
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|樓
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·roː) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 婁 (OC *ɡ·roː, *ɡ·ro).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄡˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liô • Middle-Chinese : luw
|building (of two or more stories) (Classifier: 棟／栋 m c; 幢 m; 躉／趸 c; 間／间 c) • floor; level (Classifier: 層／层) • (Hong Kong) flat; apartment (Classifier: 層／层 c) • superstructure • Used in the name of some businesses • (Internet slang) comment; post • a surname
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|Alternative form of 教
|tower • turret
|敎 (eumhun 가르칠 교 (gareuchil gyo))
|樓 (eumhun 다락 루 (darak ru), word-initial (South Korea) 다락 누 (darak nu))
|Hanja form of 교 (“teaching”). [affix] • Hanja form of 교 (“religion; faith”). [noun]
|hanja form of 루/누 (“building of two or more stories”)
|Hán-Nôm : lâu • Hán-Nôm : lầu
|(literary) a multi-story building • floor (of a multi-level building)
|樓
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|樟
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kjaŋ) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 章 (OC *kjaŋ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsionn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiang • Middle-Chinese : tsyang
|camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora)
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|敎
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|敖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngôo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngou⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gō • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngōo
|(literary) Original form of 遨 (áo, “to ramble; to play about”). • to tease; to joke; to flirt with • to make an uproar • someone who has not assumed the throne, and thus has no posthumous name, due to dying early • four-chi-high dog • Original form of 廒 (áo, “granary”). • Alternative form of 螯 (áo, “pincer; nipper; claw”) • Alternative form of 熬 (“to cook on slow fire; to boil”) • (historical) An ancient place in the northwest of today Xingyang, Henan. • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 傲 (“haughty; arrogant; conceited”)
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|play • be proud
|樟 (eumhun 녹나무 장 (nongnamu jang))
|敖 (eum 오 (o))
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|Hán-Nôm : chương
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|敖
|樟
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|敘
|樣
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sǐr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sī
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *laŋs) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 羕 (OC *laŋs). \ ; “appearance; etc.” \ ; “(ACG slang) -sama”
|to talk; to chat • to narrate; to recount; to relate • to assess; to appraise • Short for 敘利亞／叙利亚 (Xùlìyà, “Syria”). • (literary) Alternative form of 序 (xù, “order; sequence”) • (literary) Alternative form of 序 (xù, “to order; to arrange in order”) • (literary) Alternative form of 序 (xù, “preface”)
|Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁶⁻² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iūnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iōnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iǔnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iāng • Middle-Chinese : yangH
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|appearance; form; shape • look; expression; air • type; kind; sort; variety; class; category • sample; specimen; example • (printing) proof • manner; style; way; fashion • Classifier for kinds or types of things. • (rare) An honorific. • (ACG, Internet, slang) -sama
|Alternative form of 敍.
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|敘 • (seo) · 敘 • (seo) (hangeul 서, revised seo, McCune–Reischauer sŏ, Yale se)
|Kyūjitai form of 様: certain form or way; condition, state; design, pattern; indicates humbleness or politeness ‖
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|Hán-Nôm : dạng • Hán-Nôm : dáng • Hán-Nôm : nhàng
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|敘
|樣
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|敝
|橄
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pè
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *klaːmʔ) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 敢 (OC *klaːmʔ).
|(polite) my; our • (literary) worn-out; shabby; tattered • (literary) decayed; corrupted • tired; fatigued • to fail; to be defeated • to break; to destroy • Alternative form of 弊 (bì, “fault; defect; drawback”) • Alternative form of 蔽 (bì, “to cover; to shield; to deceive”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaam³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gam² • Cantonese · Jyutping : gam³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kám • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kann • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kánn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kán • Middle-Chinese : kamX
|Only used in 橄欖／橄榄.
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|敝 (eum 폐 (pye))
|橄 • (gam) · 橄 • (gam) (hangeul 감, revised gam, McCune–Reischauer kam, Yale kam)
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|Hán-Nôm : cạm • Hán-Nôm : cảm
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|敝
|橄
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|数
|橘
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷid) : semantic 木 + phonetic 矞 (OC *ɢʷid). \ Unknown. Schuessler (2007) connected 橘 (OC kwit) to Khmer ឃ្វិច (khvɨc, “tangerine”) and also deemed as "less likely" connections to ក្រូច (krouc, “citrus”) and Proto-Hre-Sedang *kruč (Bodman, 1980). However, Alves (2018) considered this Old Chinese word's Austroasiatic origin likely, and compared it to Proto-Mon-Khmer *kruuc ~ kruəc.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwat¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kit • Middle-Chinese : kjwit
|mandarin orange, Citrus reticulata, tangerine, orange
| ‖ 橘(たちばな) or 橘(タチバナ) • (tachibana) ‖ 橘(たちばな) • (Tachibana) ‖ 橘(きつ) • (kitsu) ‖ 橘(きつ) • (Kitsu)
| ‖ Citrus tachibana, a species of wild, green, inedible citrus fruit native to Japan • Synonym of 唐橘 (kara-tachibana): the trifoliate orange, Citrus trifoliata, syn. Poncirus trifoliata • Synonym of 花橘 (hanatachibana): tachibana flowers; Ardesia crenata; Ardesia japonica; a kind of 襲の色目 (kasane no irome, “color combination by layering of garments”) • (archaic) generic name for citrus fruits that can be eaten raw • a 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) with designs of tachibana flowers, fruits, and leaves ‖ short for 橘氏 (Tachibana-uji): an ancient clan who often held high-ranking positions in the medieval Japanese court, descended from Agata no Inukai no Michiyo and later Tachibana no Moroe • (historical) a Sakura-class destroyer of the Imperial Japanese Navy (see Japanese destroyer Tachibana (1912) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia) • (historical) a destroyer subclass of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II, modified from the Matsu-class destroyers • (historical) the lead ship of the Tachibana-subclass destroyers (see Japanese destroyer Tachibana (1944) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia) • a placename, especially in Takaichi District, Nara Prefecture where the titular 菩提寺 (bodaiji) is located • a surname ‖ Citrus tachibana • the Tachibana clan ‖ a female given name • a surname
|橘 (eumhun 귤나무 귤 (gyullamu gyul))
|hanja form of 귤 (“tangerine”)
|Hán-Nôm : quất • Hán-Nôm : quít • Hán-Nôm : quầng • Hán-Nôm : quắt
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|橘
| ‖ 数(かず) • (kazu) ‖ 数(すう) • (sū) ‖ 数(すう) • (sū-)
| ‖ number; amount ‖ (mathematics) number ‖ several
|数 (eumhun 셀 수 (sel su))
|Alternative form of 數 (“Hanja form of 수 (“number”).”)
|Alternative form of 數
|数
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|斂
|橙
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lim⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lim⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liám
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tɯːŋs, *rdɯːŋ) : semantic 木 (“tree; wood”) + phonetic 登 (OC *tɯːŋ).
|"to draw back; to fold back • to collect • 35th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; ""gathering"" (𝌨)"
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiâng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siâm • Middle-Chinese : dreang
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|orange (the tree) • orange (the fruit) (Classifier: 隻／只 c; 楷 c) • orange (the color)
|tighten, stiffen
| ‖ 橙(だいだい) or 橙(ダイダイ) • (daidai)
|斂 • (ryeom>yeom) · 斂 • (ryeom>yeom) (hangeul 렴>염, revised ryeom>yeom, McCune–Reischauer ryŏm>yŏm, Yale lyem>yem)
|bitter orange ‖ the bitter orange (Citrus × aurantium) • (by extension) Short for 橙色 (daidai-iro): the color orange
|橙 • (deung, jeung) · 橙 • (deung, jeung) (hangeul 등, 증)
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|Hán-Nôm : chanh • Hán-Nôm : tranh
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|斂
|橙
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|斃
|橡
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pè
|to fall down; to collapse • to drop dead; to die; to perish; to be killed • (colloquial) to kill with a gun (especially for execution) • to be defeated • (colloquial) to cancel (a show, etc.); to reject
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|斃 • (pye) · 斃 • (pye) (hangeul 폐, revised pye, McCune–Reischauer p'ye, Yale phyey)
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siǒng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siāng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiǔnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiūnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiōnn • Middle-Chinese : zjangX
|Acorn (the fruit of the oak tree). • A tree in the genus Quercus.
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|斃
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|斐
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fei² ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄟ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄟˇ
|(literary) brilliant; magnificent • Used in transcription. ‖ a surname
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|brilliant; magnificent
|橡 • (sang) · 橡 • (sang) (hangeul 상, revised sang, McCune–Reischauer sang, Yale sang)
|斐 • (bi) · 斐 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi, Yale pi)
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|Hán-Nôm : tượng
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|斐
|橡
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|斡
|橫
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waat³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ua̍t
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷraːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋs, *kʷaːŋ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 黃 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ). \ ; “crosswise > door rail; side; cross-grained; unrestrained” \ * Related to 衡 (OC *ɡraːŋ, “crossbar”), 桁 (OC *ɡaːŋ, *ɡraːŋ, “purlin”), 珩 (OC *ɡraːŋ, “top horizontal gem of a girdle-pendant”) and 璜 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ, “jade pendant”) (Wang, 1982), and possibly 樑 (OC *raŋ, “roof beam”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ * Schuessler (2007) connects these with Khmer ខ្វែង (khvaeng, “to cross; to intersect; to crisscross; diagonal; etc.”) < Old Khmer khveṅ (“to go far around; to encircle; to enclose”). Compare Thai ขวาง (kwǎang, “to lie across; to bar; to obstruct; to thwart”) and the Khmer derivatives កំពែង (kɑmpɛɛng, “enclosing wall; rampart”), កំពង់ (kɑmpŭəng, “crossing-place; ford; port; shore”) (cf. Malay kampung). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷraːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋs, *kʷaːŋ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 黃 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ). \ ; “crosswise > door rail; side; cross-grained; unrestrained” \ * Related to 衡 (OC *ɡraːŋ, “crossbar”), 桁 (OC *ɡaːŋ, *ɡraːŋ, “purlin”), 珩 (OC *ɡraːŋ, “top horizontal gem of a girdle-pendant”) and 璜 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ, “jade pendant”) (Wang, 1982), and possibly 樑 (OC *raŋ, “roof beam”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ * Schuessler (2007) connects these with Khmer ខ្វែង (khvaeng, “to cross; to intersect; to crisscross; diagonal; etc.”) < Old Khmer khveṅ (“to go far around; to encircle; to enclose”). Compare Thai ขวาง (kwǎang, “to lie across; to bar; to obstruct; to thwart”) and the Khmer derivatives កំពែង (kɑmpɛɛng, “enclosing wall; rampart”), កំពង់ (kɑmpŭəng, “crossing-place; ford; port; shore”) (cf. Malay kampung). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷraːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋs, *kʷaːŋ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 黃 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ). \ ; “crosswise > door rail; side; cross-grained; unrestrained” \ * Related to 衡 (OC *ɡraːŋ, “crossbar”), 桁 (OC *ɡaːŋ, *ɡraːŋ, “purlin”), 珩 (OC *ɡraːŋ, “top horizontal gem of a girdle-pendant”) and 璜 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ, “jade pendant”) (Wang, 1982), and possibly 樑 (OC *raŋ, “roof beam”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ * Schuessler (2007) connects these with Khmer ខ្វែង (khvaeng, “to cross; to intersect; to crisscross; diagonal; etc.”) < Old Khmer khveṅ (“to go far around; to encircle; to enclose”). Compare Thai ขวาง (kwǎang, “to lie across; to bar; to obstruct; to thwart”) and the Khmer derivatives កំពែង (kɑmpɛɛng, “enclosing wall; rampart”), កំពង់ (kɑmpŭəng, “crossing-place; ford; port; shore”) (cf. Malay kampung). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷraːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋs, *kʷaːŋ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 黃 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ). \ ; “crosswise > door rail; side; cross-grained; unrestrained” \ * Related to 衡 (OC *ɡraːŋ, “crossbar”), 桁 (OC *ɡaːŋ, *ɡraːŋ, “purlin”), 珩 (OC *ɡraːŋ, “top horizontal gem of a girdle-pendant”) and 璜 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ, “jade pendant”) (Wang, 1982), and possibly 樑 (OC *raŋ, “roof beam”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ * Schuessler (2007) connects these with Khmer ខ្វែង (khvaeng, “to cross; to intersect; to crisscross; diagonal; etc.”) < Old Khmer khveṅ (“to go far around; to encircle; to enclose”). Compare Thai ขวาง (kwǎang, “to lie across; to bar; to obstruct; to thwart”) and the Khmer derivatives កំពែង (kɑmpɛɛng, “enclosing wall; rampart”), កំពង់ (kɑmpŭəng, “crossing-place; ford; port; shore”) (cf. Malay kampung). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷraːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋs, *kʷaːŋ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 黃 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ). \ ; “crosswise > door rail; side; cross-grained; unrestrained” \ * Related to 衡 (OC *ɡraːŋ, “crossbar”), 桁 (OC *ɡaːŋ, *ɡraːŋ, “purlin”), 珩 (OC *ɡraːŋ, “top horizontal gem of a girdle-pendant”) and 璜 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ, “jade pendant”) (Wang, 1982), and possibly 樑 (OC *raŋ, “roof beam”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ * Schuessler (2007) connects these with Khmer ខ្វែង (khvaeng, “to cross; to intersect; to crisscross; diagonal; etc.”) < Old Khmer khveṅ (“to go far around; to encircle; to enclose”). Compare Thai ขวาง (kwǎang, “to lie across; to bar; to obstruct; to thwart”) and the Khmer derivatives កំពែង (kɑmpɛɛng, “enclosing wall; rampart”), កំពង់ (kɑmpŭəng, “crossing-place; ford; port; shore”) (cf. Malay kampung). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷraːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋs, *kʷaːŋ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 黃 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ). \ ; “crosswise > door rail; side; cross-grained; unrestrained” \ * Related to 衡 (OC *ɡraːŋ, “crossbar”), 桁 (OC *ɡaːŋ, *ɡraːŋ, “purlin”), 珩 (OC *ɡraːŋ, “top horizontal gem of a girdle-pendant”) and 璜 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ, “jade pendant”) (Wang, 1982), and possibly 樑 (OC *raŋ, “roof beam”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ * Schuessler (2007) connects these with Khmer ខ្វែង (khvaeng, “to cross; to intersect; to crisscross; diagonal; etc.”) < Old Khmer khveṅ (“to go far around; to encircle; to enclose”). Compare Thai ขวาง (kwǎang, “to lie across; to bar; to obstruct; to thwart”) and the Khmer derivatives កំពែង (kɑmpɛɛng, “enclosing wall; rampart”), កំពង់ (kɑmpŭəng, “crossing-place; ford; port; shore”) (cf. Malay kampung).
|to revolve; to spin; to rotate • a surname: Wo • (Southern Min, Taiwanese Hakka) to change direction; to turn • (Hokkien) Classifier for bends, curves or turns. • (Hokkien) curved; crooked; bent • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to safeguard; to shield; to back; to stick up for
|Cantonese · Jyutping : waang⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huâinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huînn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huânn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huênn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hn̂g • Middle-Chinese : hwaeng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waang⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waang⁴ • Middle-Chinese : hwaengH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwong¹ • Middle-Chinese : kwang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄤˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˋ
|middle rail of a wooden door; crosspiece • to lie crossways; to be situated crosswise; to be horizontal • to move crosswise; to cross; to traverse; to stretch across • to cut crosswise; to intercept transversely • to hold crosswise; to put something horizontally; to wear across • crosswise; horizontal; transverse; across; east-west • (historical) Horizontal Alliance, i.e. states during the Warring States period in Chinese history which ally with Qin to participate in its ascendancy • side; nearby; something situated sideways • to cast a sidelong glance at; to look sideways • to brim with; to be brimming with; to fill; to be found all over • to place over; to cover • broad; vast; wide; extensive • to crisscross; to interlock; to intersect; to be mixed together • not listening to reason; unreasonable; unrestrained; outrageous • (Chinese calligraphy) horizontal stroke (㇐) • (historical) Alternative form of 衡 (héng, “supervisor; picket”) • (historical) Alternative form of 黌／黉 (hóng, “school”) • ancient placename in modern-day Shangqiu city in Henan province of China • (Beijing and Jilu Mandarin) probably; presumably; perhaps; maybe • (Beijing Mandarin, dialectal Wu) anyway; anyhow; in any case • a surname ‖ perverse and violent; unrestrained and aggressive; brutal and unreasonable; cross-grained • unrestrainedly; turbulently; intrusively and violently • in vain; wastefully • sudden (and catastrophic); unexpected; unpredicted • additional; supplementary; extra; extraneous • contingency; mishap; misfortune; accident ‖ Alternative form of 光 (“light”) • (～門) (historical) a gate of Chang'an City ‖ Alternative form of 桄 (“reel thread on a revolving frame”) ‖ Alternative form of 撗 (guàng, “a kind of grass”) ‖ Alternative form of 櫎／𰗓 (“a kind of tool”)
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|go around • rule • administer
|Kyūjitai form of 横
|斡 (eumhun 돌 알 (dol al))
|橫 • (hoeng) · 橫 • (hoeng) (hangeul 횡)
|Hanja form of 알 (“spin”).
|across • horizontal, lateral
|Hán-Nôm : hoành • Hán-Nôm : hoàng
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|斡
|橫
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|斫
|檢
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoek³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsioh
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kramʔ) : semantic 木 + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam).
|(literary) to hack; to chop
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gim² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiám • Middle-Chinese : kjemX
|^† measure; standard • to restrain (especially oneself); to keep oneself in check • to check; to examine; to inspect • Alternative form of 撿／捡 • ^† book label • a surname
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|斫 (eum 작 (jak))
|檢 (eumhun 검사할 검 (geomsahal geom))
|hanja form of 검 (“check; examination; inspection”)
|Hán-Nôm : ghém • Hán-Nôm : kiểm
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|檢
|斫
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|断
|檬
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *moːŋ) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 蒙 (OC *moːŋ). ‖  ‖ From Vietnamese bún.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mung⁴ • Middle-Chinese : muwng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mung⁴⁻¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bóng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mung⁴⁻¹
|A type of locust-like tree. ‖ Used in 檸檬／柠檬 (níngméng, “lemon”). ‖ bún (Vietnamese rice vermicelli)
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| ‖ 断(だん) • (dan)
|檬 (eumhun 레몬 (lemon) 몽 (remon ( lemon ) mong))
|sever, chop off • interrupt • refuse, decline, abstain from ‖ refuse, decline
|hanja form of 몽 (“lemon”)
|Hán-Nôm : muồng • Hán-Nôm : môm • Hán-Nôm : mông • Hán-Nôm : muỗm
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|檬
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|權
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡron) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 雚 (OC *koːns) – a type of tree named 黃華 (Shuowen); phonetically borrowed for "standard weight". \ From 拳 (OC *ɡron, “fist”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuân • Middle-Chinese : gjwen
|power; authority • right; entitlement • ^† steelyard weight • ^† scales • to weigh; to measure; to judge • expediency; adaptability • tentatively; for the time being • (statistics) weight • a surname
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|Kyūjitai form of 権
|權 (eumhun 권세 권 (gwonse gwon))
|hanja form of 권 (“power; right”)
|Hán-Nôm : quyền • Hán-Nôm : quàn
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|断
|權
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|-
|旌
|欣
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zing¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sing¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsing
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰɯn) : phonetic 斤 (OC *kɯn, *kɯns) + semantic 欠. \ Probably from the same word family as 喜 (OC *qʰlɯʔ) (Schuessler, 2007).
|banner or flag adorned with feathers • to make clear • to recognize; to distinguish • to honor officially; to commend
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄣ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hin • Hokkien · Tai-lo : him • Hokkien · Tai-lo : herm • Middle-Chinese : xj+n
|happy; joyous; delighted • to submit willingly; to submit happily • Used in 欣欣 (xīnxīn, “lush”). • a surname
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|旌 (eum 정 (jeong))
|欣 • (heun) · 欣 • (heun) (hangeul 흔, revised heun, McCune–Reischauer hŭn, Yale hun)
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|Hán-Nôm : hân • Hán-Nôm : hơn • Hán-Nôm : hoen • Hán-Nôm : hớn • Hán-Nôm : hăng
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|旌
|欣
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|旎
|歇
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nei⁵
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰad) : phonetic 曷 (OC *ɡaːd) + semantic 欠. \ Related to 愒 (OC *kʰrad) (Sagart, 2007) and 憩 (OC *kʰrads) (Wang, 1982).
|Used in 旖旎 (yǐnǐ). • Used in 旎旎.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hioh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hennh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : heh • Middle-Chinese : xjot
|to rest; to relax • to take a break; to stop; to cease • to decline; to decay; to fade • to dissipate; to diffuse • a short moment • (Teochew) to stop • (dialectal) to sleep • (Northern Wu, dated in Shanghainese) Used to indicate that a verb has been experienced by the speaker. • (Ningbonese) to lack; to be absent
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|歇 • (heol) · 歇 • (heol) (hangeul 헐, revised heol, McCune–Reischauer hŏl, Yale hel)
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|Hán-Nôm : hết • Hán-Nôm : hít • Hán-Nôm : yết • Hán-Nôm : hét • Hán-Nôm : hiết • Hán-Nôm : hớt
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|歇
|旎
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|-
|旖
|歉
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : í
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰreːms, *kʰreːmʔ, *kʰeːmʔ, *kʰeːms) : phonetic 兼 (OC *keːm, *keːms) + semantic 欠 (“person with mouth open”)
|Only used in 旖旎 (yǐnǐ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hip³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : him³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiàm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiám • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiam • Middle-Chinese : khemX • Middle-Chinese : kheamX • Middle-Chinese : kheamH
|deficient; lacking; insufficient • to apologize • to regret; to be dissatisfied • crop failure; poor harvest • (obsolete) to not eat enough food
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|insufficiency • lack • shortage
|歉 • (gyeom) · 歉 • (gyeom) (hangeul 겸, revised gyeom, McCune–Reischauer kyŏm, Yale kyem)
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|Hán-Nôm : gồm • Hán-Nôm : khiểm • Hán-Nôm : khiễm • Hán-Nôm : khiệm
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|歉
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|歡
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰoːn) : phonetic 雚 (OC *koːns) + semantic 欠.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fun¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huann • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huan • Middle-Chinese : xwan
|happy; pleased; glad; joyous • (literary) friendly; amicable • (literary) liking; friendly feelings • lover; beloved; sweetheart • (dialectal) lively; energetic
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|Kyūjitai form of 歓 (joy, delight)
|歡 • (hwan) · 歡 • (hwan) (hangeul 환, revised hwan, McCune–Reischauer hwan, Yale hwan)
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|旖
|Hán-Nôm : hoan • Hán-Nôm : hoen
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|歡
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|-
|旧
|歧
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kî • Middle-Chinese : gjie
|forked road • fork; divide • forked; divergent; different
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| ‖ 旧(きゅう) • (kyū) ^(←きう (kiu)?) ‖ 旧(きゅう) • (kyū-) ^(←きう (kiu)?)
| ‖ old things, original state, former state, old times • the old calendar based on a lunar system ‖ paleo-, ex-, old, previous, former
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|歧 (eum 기 (gi))
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|Hán-Nôm : kì
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|旧
|歧
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|昼
|歪
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 不 (“not”) + 正 (“straight; proper”). ‖  ‖ Mai (2017) considers 佊 (MC pjeX) to be a possible etymon, noting other (rare) instances in Cantonese where /m/ is a reflex of the historical 幫 (MC pang) initial, and where /ɛ/ is a reflex of the 支 (MC tsye) final. ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄞ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uai ‖  ‖  ‖
|slanted; inclined; askew; awry; crooked; lopsided • crooked; perverse; improper; evil • (Central Plains and Lanyin Mandarin, Sichuanese) fierce; malicious; overbearing • (Hakka) stingy; miserly ‖ (Shanxi, Sichuanese, dialectal Hakka) inferior; bad; fake • (Sichuanese) unreliable; deceiving ‖ (Cantonese) slanted; inclined; askew; awry; crooked; lopsided; distorted ‖ (Teochew, Leizhou Min, Hainanese) slanted; inclined; askew; awry; crooked; lopsided
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|bend; warp; distort; deform
|歪 • (a, wae, oe) · 歪 • (a, wae, oe) (hangeul 아, 왜, 외, revised a, wae, oe, McCune–Reischauer a, wae, oe, Yale , oy)
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| ‖ 昼(ひる) • (hiru) ‖ 昼(ちゅう) • (chū) ^(←ちう (tiu)?)
|Hán-Nôm : quay • Hán-Nôm : oa • Hán-Nôm : oai
| ‖ the daytime • 午: the noon, midday • Short for 昼ご飯 (hiru gohan) or 昼飯 (hirumeshi): lunch • the heyday or peak period of something ‖ day, daytime • noon, midday
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|歪
|-
|歲
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sqʰʷads, *sqʰʷad) : semantic 步 + phonetic 戉 (OC *ɢʷad). In addition to 戉, various components such as 月 (“moon; month”) used to be present, sometimes as simple as two dots. The current form derives from the Qin-style handwriting of the late Warring States (with a full-width 止 on the top and a bottom-left 撇 stroke extending outward as in 戊 or 戌 instead of bending inward as in 戉), which was also inherited by the clerical script. \ A derivative of 越 (OC *ɢʷad, “to pass over”) (Mei, 1979, 1992). Ultimately probably from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *grwat (“to travel; to go through”); compare Tibetan སྐྱོད (skyod, “to go”) (Mei, 1979, 1992; Gong Hwang-cherng, 2002; STEDT). \ The functions of the *s- prefix and the *-s suffix are not clear. Possible explanations include: \ * *s- as a directive prefix and *-s as a nominalizer (Mei, 1992); \ * *s- is an iterative prefix, literally "to pass on again" (Schuessler, 2007); \ * *s- (possibly with *-s) as a nominalizer (Smith, 2012). \ Alternatively, it may be derived from a word like 圓 (OC *ɢon, “round; circle”) (< Proto-Sino-Tibetan *wal (“round; circular”)), literally "to start the circle/cycle again" (Schuessler, 2007). \ Outside of Sino-Tibetan, this word has been compared to Thai ขวบ (kùuap, “year”), which Bodman (1980) considers to be a loan from Chinese, as well as Proto-Austronesian *kawaS (“year; season; sky”) (Sagart, 2005). \ Also see Schuessler (2007) and Smith (2012) for a discussion on the semantic development of this word, especially the connection between "Jupiter" and "year".
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄟˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hèr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suè • Middle-Chinese : sjwejH
|(literary) Jupiter (planet) • year • Tai Sui, the god representing each of these years • (literary) age • (literary) time; period • (literary) crop harvests of the year • Classifier for time: year • Classifier for age (of a person or animal): year old
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|Alternative form of - 歳(さい) (sai, “year (age counter)”) • Alternative form of - 才(さい) (sai, “year (age counter)”)
|歲 (eumhun 해 세 (hae se))
|hanja form of 세 (“age (counter); year (about age)”)
|Hán-Nôm : tuế • Hán-Nôm : tuổi
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|昼
|歲
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|-
|晉
|歷
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeon³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsìn
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːɡ) : phonetic 厤 (OC *reːɡ) + semantic 止. \ Schuessler (2007) considered this word to be of Sino-Tibetan origin and a cognate to Burmese ရေ (re, “to count”), Kinnauri ri (“to count”), Tibetan རྩི (rtsi, “to count; to calculate”), and རྩིས་པ (rtsis pa, “astronomer”); however, STEDT derives Burmese ရေ (re) & Tibetan རྩི (rtsi) from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-tsjəj (“to count”) and does not compare them to Chinese 歷. \ :One derivative is 曆 (OC *rêk), meaning "calendrical calculations" (Shu) → "calendar"; \ :Another derivative is exopassive 麗 (OC *rê(k)h), meaning "what is calculated → number" (Shi), whose possible allofam is 麗 (OC *rêh).
|to advance; to increase • to promote • (～國) Chinese feudal state of Jin (11th century BCE–376 BCE), a state of the Zhou Dynasty in northern China • (～朝) Chinese Jin dynasty (266–420) • 35th hexagram of the I Ching (䷢) • Alternative name for 山西 (Shānxī, “Shanxi”). • (～語) Jin (a variety of Chinese spoken in and around Shanxi) • a surname
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : li̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lia̍k • Middle-Chinese : lek
|to experience; to go through; to undergo • experience; history; record • to surpass; to exceed; to overstep • to offend; to go against; to undermine • to travel through; to go travelling • extensively; all over; completely • many times; repeatedly • one by one; one at a time • all of the previous (occurrences); all past • to take charge of; to assume (a role) • to choose; to select (a date) • to examine; to scrutinise; to observe; to calculate • clear; distinct; lucid • few and far between; sporadic • a surname
|
|
|to proceed • Jin dynasty
|take place, past, history
|晉 (eumhun 나아갈 진 (naagal jin))
|歷 (eumhun 지낼 력 (jinael ryeok), word-initial (South Korea) 지낼 역 (jinael yeok))
|Hanja form of 진 (“advance, increase”).
|hanja form of 력/역 (“go through”) • hanja form of 력/역 (“experience”) • hanja form of 력/역 (“undergo”) • hanja form of 력/역 (“use up”) • hanja form of 력/역 (“exhaust”)
|Hán-Nôm : lịch • Hán-Nôm : lếch • Hán-Nôm : lệch • Hán-Nôm : rếch
|
|
|晉
|歷
|-
|-
|晏
|歸
|Cantonese · Jyutping : aan³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngaan³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uànn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : àn
|Characters in the same phonetic series (追) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 𠂤 (“ancient form of 師 (“troops”)”) + 帚 (“broom; sweep”) – to eradicate the enemy and return. \ Some analyse the 帚 component in the oracle bone script as a ligature of 止 (“to stop, to cease”) and 方 (“peripheral tribes”), i.e. “(of tribes in the periphery) to cease enmity and submit”. \ A 止 (“foot”) or 辵 (“walking”) component was further added in the bronze inscriptions. \ Shuowen deems 𠂤 to be the phonetic component of this character. \ Starostin and Schuessler (2007) consider this a possible derivative of 回 (OC *ɡuːl, “to revolve; to return”). Compared with Tibetan འཁོར ('khor, “circle; turn; to turn round; to return”) by Xue (2001) and Wang (2007).
|late; near the end of a period of time • late in the day • (Cantonese) lunch (Classifier: 餐 c) • sunny and cloudless • peaceful; tranquil; serene • a surname
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄟ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kui • Middle-Chinese : kjw+j
| ‖ 晏(あん) • (an)
|to return (to a place); to come back to • to return to (a person, a status); to revert to • to submit to; to seek patronage • to tend towards; to converge • to belong to • (between identical verbs) despite; notwithstanding
|late • quiet • sets (sun) ‖ late (of time) • peaceful; tranquil; calm; quiet
|晏 • (an) · 晏 • (an) (hangeul 안, revised an, McCune–Reischauer an, Yale an)
|
|
|to return; to come back to
|歸 (eumhun 돌아갈 귀 (doragal gwi))
|hanja form of 귀 (“to return, to go back”)
|Hán-Nôm : qui • Hán-Nôm : quy
|
|
|晏
|歸
|-
|-
|晒
|歹
|
|Pictogram (象形) - human remains. ‖  ‖ Disputed: \ * From Tibetan letter ཏ (徐復《歹字源出藏文說》) \ * Abbreviated from 殆 (楊琳《古漢語外來詞研究中存在的問題》) ‖ Unclear. It has been suggested that it could be related to 否 (pǐ, “evil”) or 痞 (pǐ, “rascal; evil”). ‖  ‖
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngaat⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aat³ • Middle-Chinese : ngat ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : daai² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄞˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tái ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : pháinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phái ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄞ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄞˇ
|bone remnants ‖ bone remains ‖ bad; wicked; evil • misdeed; something evil ‖ (Hokkien, Teochew) bad; wicked; evil • (Hokkien) to become bad; to break down • (Hokkien) to be fierce • (Hokkien) to cause something to be harmed or damaged • (Hokkien) difficult; hard (to do something) ‖ Alternative form of 待 (“to stay”) ‖ (used by Miao people) I, you
|
|
|bleach • expose
|
|
|歹 • (al, dae) · 歹 • (al, dae) (hangeul 알, 대, revised al, dae, McCune–Reischauer al, tae, Yale al, tay)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : ngạt • Hán-Nôm : đãi • Hán-Nôm : ngặt
|
|
|晒
|歹
|-
|-
|晤
|殆
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ng⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngōo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gōo
|to meet; to see • ^† Alternative form of 悟 (wù)
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : toi⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : doi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tāi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǎi • Middle-Chinese : dojX
|(literary, or in compounds) in peril; at stake • (literary, or in compounds) weary; tired • (literary, or in compounds) perhaps; probably • (literary, or in compounds) nearly; almost
|
|
|晤 (eum 오 (o))
|almost, nearly • extremely dangerous, nearly deadly
|殆 (eum 태 (tae))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : đãi
|
|
|晤
|殆
|-
|-
|晩
|殘
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zlaːn, *zaːns) : semantic 歹 (“vicious, bones”) + phonetic 戔 (OC *zlaːn) – to viciously harm, injure. \ Semantic was originally 歺, but was simplified to 歹.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuânn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsân • Middle-Chinese : dzan
|to damage; to destroy • to kill; to injure • to be left; to remain • severe; cruel; brutal • incomplete; fragmentary • remaining; leftover • (Southern Min) trace of saliva (on an object) • (Cantonese) old-looking; dilapidated • (Southern Sixian Hakka) naughty; mischievous
|
|
|
|
| ‖ 晩(ばん) • (ban) ‖ 晩(ばん) • (-ban)
|殘 • (jan) · 殘 • (jan) (hangeul 잔, revised jan, McCune–Reischauer chan, Yale can)
|evening, night • late ‖ evening • night ‖ nights, evenings
|晩 • (man) · 晩 • (man) (hangeul 만, revised man, McCune–Reischauer man, Yale man)
|
|
|chữ Hán form of vãn (“late, evening, late afternoon”). • Nôm form of muộn (“late, evening, late afternoon”). • Nôm form of vãn (“about to end, about to close, about to disappear”).
|Hán-Nôm : tàn
|晩
|殘疾 tàn tật • 殘杯 tàn bôi
|殘
|-
|-
|暈
|殷
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ūn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hūn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : n̄g ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄣˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ūn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hūn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : n̄g
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : a person with swollen abdomen (身, now written 㐆) + a hand grabbing an ornamental weapon or drum (now written 殳), sometimes also interpreted as a needle for acupuncture. ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : a person with swollen abdomen (身, now written 㐆) + a hand grabbing an ornamental weapon or drum (now written 殳), sometimes also interpreted as a needle for acupuncture. ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : a person with swollen abdomen (身, now written 㐆) + a hand grabbing an ornamental weapon or drum (now written 殳), sometimes also interpreted as a needle for acupuncture.
|(astronomy) halo (around the Sun or the Moon) • ring of light or colour, or a blurred area surrounding a luminous or coloured object; halo around a light or colour • blush; slight redness • ring-shaped pattern • bull's eye • to spread; to proliferate; to seep through • to apply (colour, especially makeup) ‖ to make one feel dizzy; to feel the head spinning; to have vertigo ‖ dizzy; giddy; lightheaded • to faint; to pass out; to black out; to swoon • (neologism, slang) to be overwhelmed (by something) and on the verge of passing out • (Sichuanese) to savour; to enjoy slowly and thoroughly
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : un • Hokkien · Tai-lo : in • Middle-Chinese : 'j+n ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aan¹ • Middle-Chinese : 'ean ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan²
| ‖ 暈(かさ) • (kasa) ‖ 暈(うん) • (un) ‖ 暈(うん) • (un)
|(～朝) Late Shang Dynasty • (by extension) (～朝) Alternative name for 商 (shāng, “Shang Dynasty”). • abundant; rich • (literary) large; flourishing • (literary) many; numerous • (of emotions) deep • a surname ‖ blood red; deep red ‖ sound of thunder • to shake; to tremble
|blur, haze • mental haze or senility • intentional blurring or gradation ‖ halo (atmospheric phenomenon) ‖ halo (atmospheric phenomenon) ‖ halo (atmospheric phenomenon) • dizzy; giddy
| ‖ 殷(いん) • (In) ‖ 殷(いん) • (in)
|暈 (eumhun 무리 훈 (muri hun)) ‖ 暈 (eumhun 어지러울 운 (eojireoul un))
| ‖ (historical) Shang dynasty ‖ (historical) Shang dynasty • prosperous; flourishing • rumbling
| ‖ Hanja form of 운 (“halo”).
|殷 (eum 은, 안 (eun, an))
|Nôm form of vầng, vừng (“ring; circle”). • Nôm form of quầng (“halo in the sky”).
|hanja form of 은, 안 (“great, many, magnificent, flourishing”)
|暈
|Hán-Nôm : ân
|
|殷
|-
|-
|暉
|毀
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fai¹
|* Sears interprets it as Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 臼 (“cracked skull”) + 工 (“tool”) + 殳 (“hand action”), a man being hit in the head. \ * Liu Zhao interprets it as Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hmralʔ, *hmrals) : phonetic 𬛸 () + semantic 殳 (“hand holding staff; strike”) \ * Shuowen Jiezi interprets it as Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hmralʔ, *hmrals) : abbreviated phonetic 毇 (OC *hmralʔ) + semantic 土
|sunlight; sunshine
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huí • Middle-Chinese : xjweX
|to destroy; to ruin • to slander • a surname: Hui
|
|
|light, shine
|break, destroy, demolish
|暉 (eumhun 빛 휘 (bit hwi))
|毀 • (hwe) · 毀 • (hwe) (hangeul 훼)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : hủy • Hán-Nôm : huỷ
|
|
|暉
|毀
|-
|-
|暨
|毅
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kái
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋɯds) : phonetic 豙 (OC *ŋɯs, *ŋɯds) + semantic 殳 (“an ancient Chinese weapon”) \ Semantically extended from 豙 (yì, “enraged pig”) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for further etymology.
|^‡ initial appearance of sunrise • (alt. form 臮) (literary) and; cum • (literary) to attain; to reach • a surname
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gī • Middle-Chinese : ngj+jH
|resolute; decisive; firm; staunch • (literary) ruthless; cruel; unrelenting • 30th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "bold resolution" (𝌣)
| ‖ 毅(たけし) • (Takeshi) · 毅(つよし) • (Tsuyoshi)
|strong ‖ a male given name • a male given name
|毅 • (ui) · 毅 • (ui) (hangeul 의, revised ui, McCune–Reischauer ŭi, Yale uy)
|
|
|Alternative form of 曁.
|Hán-Nôm : nghị
|暨 • (gi) · 暨 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki)
|
|
|
|毅
|暨
|-
|-
|暹
|毯
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cim³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cim¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siam • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siām
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰaːmʔ) : semantic 毛 + phonetic 炎 (OC *ɦlam).
|(of the sun) to rise • (historical) the Thai kingdom of Ayutthaya; later short for 暹羅／暹罗 (Xiānluó, “Siam”).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : taan² • Cantonese · Jyutping : taam² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thám • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thán • Middle-Chinese : thamX
|rug; carpet; blanket
|
|
|
|
|暹 • (seom) · 暹 • (seom) (hangeul 섬, revised seom, McCune–Reischauer sŏm, Yale sem)
|毯 • (dam) · 毯 • (dam) (hangeul 담, revised dam, McCune–Reischauer tam, Yale tam)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : xồm • Hán-Nôm : thảm
|carpet, rug
|毯
|-
|氓
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mraːŋ) : phonetic 亡 (OC *maŋ) + semantic 民 (“people”). ‖ Cognate with Tibetan དམངས (dmangs, “ordinary people; populace”), Tibetan འབངས ('bangs, “subjects”) (Benedict, 1976). Unrelated to 民 (OC *min, “people”); probably unrelated to etymology 1 (Schuessler, 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mong⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : man⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bâng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bîn ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mang⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : man⁴ • Middle-Chinese : meang
|ruffian, hooligan ‖ (literary) people; folk • nomad; wanderer (used to refer to migrants in ancient China)
| ‖ 氓(ぼう) • (bō)
|people, subjects ‖ people; subjects
|氓 • (maeng) · 氓 • (maeng) (hangeul 맹, revised maeng, McCune–Reischauer maeng, Yale mayng)
|
|Hán-Nôm : manh
|
|
|暹
|氓
|-
|-
|曠
|氛
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwong³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kong³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khǹg
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰɯn, *bɯn) : semantic 气 + phonetic 分 (OC *pɯn, *bɯns).
|(obsolete) bright; clear • broad; vast; extensive • free from worries and petty ideas • distant (in time) • loose-fitting • to neglect; to skip (class or work); to waste (time) • a surname
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hun • Middle-Chinese : bjun • Middle-Chinese : phjun
|^† atmosphere; miasma; vapor
|
|atmosphere • miasma • misfortune
|氛 (eum 분 (bun))
|
|
|wide open space, void • worthless
|Hán-Nôm : phân
|曠 • (gwang) · 曠 • (gwang) (hangeul 광, revised gwang, McCune–Reischauer kwang, Yale kwang)
|extensive, wide, broad • empty
|
|
|曠
|氛
|-
|-
|曦
|氣
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hi
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰɯds, *qʰɯds) : phonetic 气 (OC *kʰɯds) + semantic 米 (“rice”) – to give rice as a gift. \ Later borrowed meanings of “air, flow” from 气 (OC *kʰɯds). The derivative 餼 (OC *qʰɯds) refers to the original word. Compare 乞 (OC *kʰɯds, *kʰɯd). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰɯds, *qʰɯds) : phonetic 气 (OC *kʰɯds) + semantic 米 (“rice”) – to give rice as a gift. \ Later borrowed meanings of “air, flow” from 气 (OC *kʰɯds). The derivative 餼 (OC *qʰɯds) refers to the original word. Compare 乞 (OC *kʰɯds, *kʰɯd).
|(literary) sunshine; dawn sunlight • Alternative form of 羲 (xī)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuì • Middle-Chinese : khj+jH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˋ • Middle-Chinese : xj+jH
|gas (matter in an intermediate state between liquid and plasma) • (meteorology) air • breath (Classifier: 口 m; 股 m; 啖 c) • (Chinese philosophy, traditional Chinese medicine) qi; vital energy; life force • weather • smell; odour • anger (Classifier: 條／条 c; 啖 c; 度 c) • to be angry • to make angry; to annoy; to anger; to enrage • quality; character; spirit; mettle • vitality; vigor; morale; spirit • bad habit; bad practice • a surname: Qi ‖ Original form of 餼／饩 (xì, “to give food as a gift”).
|
|
|the sun
|曦 • (hui) · 曦 • (hui) (hangeul 희, revised hui, McCune–Reischauer hŭi, Yale huy)
|sunlight • sunshine • early dawn
|
|
|曦
|氣 (eumhun 기운 기 (giun gi))
|hanja form of 기 (“energy, aura, vitality, vigour”) [noun]
|Hán-Nôm : khí
|chữ Hán form of khí (“gas; air; spirit”).
|氣
|-
|-
|曳
|氧
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : è ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : jai⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jai⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jai¹
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 气 (“gas”) + abbreviated phonetic 養 (yǎng, “to nourish”). \ From 養／养 (yǎng, “to nourish”) in 養氣／养气 [19th c.], referring to oxygen's role in sustaining life. Derivative: 𨦡／𰽽 (yáng, “oxonium”).
|to drag; to pull • (literary) to float in the wind; to sway • (obsolete) tired; fatigued ‖ (Cantonese) inferior; of poor quality • (Cantonese) naughty; ill-behaved; unruly
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iáng
| ‖ 曳(えい) • (ei)
|(chemistry) oxygen • oxygen gas
|drag, pull ‖ drag; pull
|曳 (eum 예 (ye))
|
|
|Synonym of 酸素 (sanso, “oxygen”)
|氧 • (yang) · 氧 • (yang) (hangeul 양)
|
|
|曳
|Hán-Nôm : dưỡng
|
|氧
|-
|-
|曷
|氨
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hot³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hot⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hat
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 气 (“gas”) + phonetic 安 (ān). \ Borrowed from English ammonia. Related to 銨／铵 (ǎn, “ammonium”) and 胺 (àn, “amine”).
|why; what; where; how; when
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : on¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngon¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : an
|(inorganic chemistry) ammonia
|
|
|Synonym of アンモニア (anmonia, “ammonia”)
|
|
|曷 • (gal) · 曷 • (gal) (hangeul 갈, revised gal, McCune–Reischauer kal, Yale kal)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : an
|
|
|曷
|氨
|-
|-
|朧
|氮
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lông
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 气 (“gas”) + abbreviated phonetic 淡 (dàn, “dilute”). \ From 淡 (dàn, “dilute”) in 淡氣／淡气 [19th c.], referring to nitrogen diluting oxygen in the air.
|(of moonlight) hazy; dim
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : daam⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tām
| ‖ 朧(おぼろ) • (oboro) -na (adnominal 朧(おぼろ)な (oboro na), adverbial 朧(おぼろ)に (oboro ni)) ‖ 朧(おぼろ) • (oboro) ‖ 朧(おぼろ) • (Oboro)
|(chemistry) nitrogen • nitrogen gas
|hazy, cloudy ‖ hazy, cloudy • uncertain, unreliable ‖ minced meat or seafood • Short for 朧昆布 (oboro-konbu): shredded kelp • Short for 朧豆腐 (oboro-dōfu): • Short for 朧饅頭 (oboro-manjū): steamed bun with the outer covering removed after steaming ‖ a female given name • a surname
|朧 (eumhun 흐릿할 롱 (heurithal rong), South Korea 흐릿할 농 (heurithal nong))
|Hanja form of 롱/농 (“Used in 몽롱(朦朧) (mongnong)”).
|
|
|朧
|nitrogen
|氮 • (dam) · 氮 • (dam) (hangeul 담, revised dam, McCune–Reischauer tam, Yale tam)
|nitrogen
|Hán-Nôm : đạm
|nitrogen
|氮
|-
|-
|朮
|氯
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seot⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seot⁶
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 气 (“gas”) + phonetic 彔. 彔 is also a reduced form of 綠 (“green”), serving as a semantic component. \ From 綠氣／绿气 (“green gas”) in the 19th century, which is a calque of English chlorine, referring to the colour of chlorine gas.
|Original form of 秫 (shú, “glutinous millet; sorghum”). ‖ Used in compounds such as 白朮／白术 (báizhú), a type of herbal medicine.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : luk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lio̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : li̍k
|(chemistry) chlorine • chlorine gas
|
|
|a type of millet • a type of herb
|朮 (eumhun 삽주 출 (sapju chul))
|
|
|氯 (eum 록 (rok))
|
|
|朮
|Hán-Nôm : lục
|
|氯
|-
|-
|机
|氾
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei² ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˋ
|Alternative form of 几 (“small table; stool”) • alder • a surname ‖ chopping board
|
|
|desk, table
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄢˊ
|机 • (gwe) · 机 • (gwe) (hangeul 궤, revised gwe, McCune–Reischauer kwe, Yale kwey)
|a place in modern Henan • a surname
|desk
|
|
|机
|spread out • wide
|-
|氾 • (beom) · 氾 • (beom) (hangeul 범, revised beom, McCune–Reischauer pŏm, Yale pem)
|杆
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄢˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gon¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuann • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuainn
| ‖ pole; staff; rod (Classifier: 根 m)
|
|
|shield • pole
|Hán-Nôm : phiếm
|杆 • (gan) · 杆 • (gan) (hangeul 간, revised gan, McCune–Reischauer kan, Yale kan)
|pole • shaft of spear
|
|
|杆
|氾
|-
|-
|杞
|汞
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kí
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡoːŋʔ) : phonetic 工 (OC *koːŋ) + semantic 水 (“water”)
|Salix integra • wolfberry • a kind of tree • a small feudal state (Qi), founded in Henan during the Shang Dynasty
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hóng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kòng • Middle-Chinese : huwngX
|(chemistry) mercury (Hg) • a surname: Gong
| ‖ 汞(こう) • (kō)
|mercury, quicksilver (the metal) ‖ (chemistry) mercury, quicksilver
|汞 (eum 홍 (hong))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : hống
|
|
|杞 • (gi) · 杞 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki)
|汞
|-
|汪
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʷaːŋ, *qʷaːŋs, *qʷaŋʔ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 㞷 ().
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ong • Middle-Chinese : 'wang • Middle-Chinese : 'jwangX • Middle-Chinese : 'wangH
|(of bodies of water) vast and deep • Classifier for masses of liquid. • (onomatopoeia) woof; bark (the cry of a dog) • a surname, listed 104th in the Hundred Family Surnames
|
|
|flowing full • expanse of water • wide • deep
|汪 • (wang) · 汪 • (wang) (hangeul 왕, revised wang, McCune–Reischauer wang, Yale wang)
|
|
|杞
|Hán-Nôm : uông
|Chữ Hán form of Uông (“a surname from Chinese.”).
|汪
|-
|-
|条
|沁
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰlɯms) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 心 (OC *slɯm).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sam³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sim • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sìm • Middle-Chinese : tshimH
|to soak into water; to seep in water
|
|
|
|
| ‖ 条(くだり) • (kudari) ‖ 条(じょう) • (jō) ^(←でう (deu)?)
|沁 (eum 심 (sim))
| ‖ paragraph ‖ article in a document
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tắm • Hán-Nôm : tăm • Hán-Nôm : tấm • Hán-Nôm : thấm
|
|
|
|沁
|条
|-
|-
|来
|沐
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : muk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bo̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bok • Middle-Chinese : muwk
|to bathe; to shower • to cleanse • to receive • to be given • a surname • (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) to sink into; to fall into • (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) to put in; to invest (money, etc.) • (Xiamen Hokkien) to swallow a big gulp (of liquid) • (Xiamen Hokkien) Classifier for phlegm, blood, water.
|
|
| ‖ 来(らい) • (rai-) ‖ 来(らい) • (-rai) ‖ 来(らい) • (rai) ‖ 来(らい) • (Rai) ‖ 来(く) • (ku) intransitive ^†-ko
|to wash
| ‖ next..., coming... ‖ since..., in... ‖ coming, arriving • coming, approaching, passing • from (some point in the) past to present • coming in time ‖ a surname, especially of those descended from swordsmiths arriving from Goryeo around the mid-Kamakura period ‖ (archaic, obsolete) to come (approach one’s position from a remote location, specifically towards the speaker) • (archaic, obsolete) to go (to a direction or place far from the speaker but near the listener) • (archaic, suffixed to the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem form”) of a verb) to gradually begin to [verb]
|沐 • (mok) · 沐 • (mok) (hangeul 목, revised mok, McCune–Reischauer mok, Yale mok)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : múc • Hán-Nôm : móc • Hán-Nôm : mốc • Hán-Nôm : mộc
|
|
|
|沐
|来
|-
|-
|杳
|沒
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : miu⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu²
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mɯːd) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 𠬛 (). \ Possibly a colloquial variant of 勿 (MC mjut) or 未 (MC mj+jH), which fused with or was influenced by 有 (MC hjuwX); not derived from 沒 (OC *mɯːd, “to dive; to drown”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ According to Schuessler (2007), formed from the convergence of two etyma: \ * Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mit (“to extinguish”). The i ~ u alternation is a common phenomenon in Sino-Tibetan. \ * An etymon meaning "to dive", whence Burmese မြုပ် (mrup, “to sink; to be submerged”), which is a loan from Proto-Mon-Khmer *(b)ləp (“to immerse”) according to Shorto (1972). \ Unrelated to etymology 1.
|dim; dark; gloomy • indistinct; distant • quiet; secluded • vast; expansive • to disappear
|Cantonese · Jyutping : mut⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄟˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bu̍t ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mut⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bu̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bua̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bi̍t • Middle-Chinese : mwot
| ‖ 杳(よう) • (yō) ^(←えう (eu)?)^†-tari (adnominal 杳(よう)とした (yō to shita) or 杳(よう)たる (yō taru), adverbial 杳(よう)と (yō to) or 杳(よう)として (yō to shite))
|not have; there is not; to be without • to be not so ... as (when comparing) • less than; no more than • Negative prefix for verb 有 (yǒu, “to have”). • have not or did not (negative prefix for verbs, translated into other languages with verbs in the past tense) • (euphemistic, colloquial) to pass away ‖ to drown; to sink; to submerge; to inundate • to rise beyond; to cover; to overflow • to end; to finish • to disappear; to vanish • to confiscate • (literary) Alternative form of 歿／殁 (mò, “to die; to pass away”)
| ‖ dark and indistinct; unclear
|杳 • (myo, yo) · 杳 • (myo, yo) (hangeul 묘, 요, revised myo, yo, McCune–Reischauer myo, yo, Yale myo, yo)
|
|
|
|discard, reject • death • lacking, without
|杳
|沒 (eumhun 가라앉을 몰 (garaanjeul mol))
|hanja form of 몰 (“drown, sink”) • hanja form of 몰 (“not, have not, none”)
|canonical : 沒: Hán Việt readings: một 沒: Nôm readings: mốt • canonical : một ‖ romanization : một ‖ romanization : mốt
| ‖ Nôm form of một (“one”). ‖ Nôm form of mốt (“(only in compounds or fixed expressions) one; -one”).
|沒
|-
|-
|杵
|沖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyu⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thú ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : thír
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *duŋ) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 中 (OC *tuŋ, *tuŋs).
|pestle • baton used to beat clothes • (Northeastern Mandarin) to stand (straight like a post) ‖ (Singapore Hokkien and Teochew) Alternative form of 悇
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshìng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiâng • Middle-Chinese : drjuwng
|to pour water on; to rinse; to flush; to wash • to pour (boiling) water in • to soar; to rise; to shoot up • to develop (a film) • to offset • (dialectal) flatland in a mountainous area (Classifier: 個／个) • Alternative form of 涌 (chōng, “small river”) • a surname: Chong
|
|
|
|
|杵 (eum 저 (jeo))
|沖 • (chung) · 沖 • (chung) (hangeul 충, revised chung, McCune–Reischauer ch'ung, Yale chwung)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : trong • Hán-Nôm : trùng • Hán-Nôm : xung
|
|
|杵
|沖
|-
|-
|杷
|沛
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paa⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pêe ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄚˋ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *poːbs, *pʰoːbs) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 巿 (OC *pub).
|a surname ‖ handle (a part of an object which is held in the hand)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pui³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phài • Middle-Chinese : pajH • Middle-Chinese : phajH
|(literary) abundant; full; copious • (literary) swift; sudden • a surname
|
|
|
|
|杷 • (pa) · 杷 • (pa) (hangeul 파, revised pa, McCune–Reischauer p'a, Yale pha)
|沛 (eum 패 (pae))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : phải
|
|
|杷
|沛
|-
|-
|枇
|沫
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tî ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ
|Etymology is from the combination of water (left radical) and end (末). Ie the last form of water is foam as it crashes on the ocean's beach. ‖ Probably from a Mon-Khmer substrate; compare Vietnamese bọt (“foam; froth”) (Norman and Mei, 1976). Also compare Mizo phûl (“scum; froth; foam”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖
|Only used in 枇杷 (pípá). • (Southern Min) Classifier for clusters. ‖ Alternative form of 匕 (bǐ, “a kind of inplement for eating”) ‖ Alternative form of 篦 (“fine-toothed comb; to comb with a fine-toothed comb”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bua̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bua̍t • Middle-Chinese : mat ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : phe̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phe̍rh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phue̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phe ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : buah
|froth; foam; bubbles; suds • saliva • (literary) to stop ‖ (Min) scum; froth ‖ (Zhangzhou Hokkien) full to the brim (of liquid in a container)
|
|
|splash • suds
|沫 (eum 말 (mal))
|
|
|枇 • (bi) · 枇 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi, Yale pi)
|Hán-Nôm : mượt • Hán-Nôm : mát • Hán-Nôm : mạt • Hán-Nôm : mướt
|
|
|
|沫
|枇
|-
|-
|枢
|沮
|
| ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi² • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsǐr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsóo • Middle-Chinese : dzjoX • Middle-Chinese : tshjo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsir • Middle-Chinese : tsjo • Middle-Chinese : tsrjo • Middle-Chinese : tshjo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsìr • Middle-Chinese : tsjoH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsian ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨˇ
|to stop; to prevent • to end; to terminate • to ruin; to corrupt • gloomy; glum; disheartened • to threaten; to intimidate ‖ Used in names of bodies of water. • a surname ‖ moist; damp ‖ Only used in 涓沮. ‖ Only used in 沮陽／沮阳.
|
|
|door hinge • pivot • center of power
|
|
|沮 • (jeo) · 沮 • (jeo) (hangeul 저, revised jeo, McCune–Reischauer chŏ, Yale ce)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tử • Hán-Nôm : tự
|
|
|枢
|沮
|-
|-
|枸
|沽
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄡˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kió ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geoi² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kí ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : koo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kio ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩˊ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaː, *kaːʔ, *kaːs) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 古 (OC *kaːʔ). \ Cognate with 酤 (OC *kaː, *kaːs, *ɡaːʔ, “to buy alcoholic drink”)，賈 (OC *kraːʔ, *kraːs, *klaːʔ, “to buy or sell”).
|Only used in 枸杞 (gǒuqǐ) and 枸骨. ‖ Hovenia sp. (probably Hovenia acerba) • Alternative form of 蒟 (jǔ, “betel; Piper betle”) ‖ crooked; bent • intertwined roots ‖
|Cantonese · Jyutping : gu¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gu² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : koo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kóo • Middle-Chinese : ku • Middle-Chinese : kuX • Middle-Chinese : kuH
|
|to buy • to sell • Short for 天津 (Tiānjīn).
|
|枸 • (gu) · 枸 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu)
|
|
|
|
|枸
|沽 (eum 고 (go))
|-
|柚
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁶⁻² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iū ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄡˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zuk⁶
|pomelo ‖ teak ‖ (weaving) reed
| ‖ 柚(ゆ) • (yu) ‖ 柚(ゆ) • (Yu) ‖ 柚(ゆう) • (yū) ^(←いう (iu)?) ‖ 柚(ゆう) • (Yū) ‖ 柚(ゆず) or 柚(ユズ) • (yuzu) ‖ 柚(ゆず) • (Yuzu) ‖ 柚(ゆい) • (Yui) · 柚(ゆざき) • (Yuzaki) · 柚(ゆずさき) • (Yuzusaki) · 柚(ゆに) • (Yuni)
|citron ‖ (possibly obsolete) yuzu (Citrus junos) ‖ a surname ‖ (possibly obsolete) yuzu (Citrus junos) ‖ a female given name • a surname ‖ Alternative spelling of 柚子 (“yuzu”) ‖ a female given name ‖ a female given name • a surname • a surname • a female given name
|柚 • (yu, chuk) · 柚 • (yu, chuk) (hangeul 유, 축, revised yu, chuk, McCune–Reischauer yu, ch'uk, Yale yu, chwuk)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : cô
|
|
|柚
|沽
|-
|-
|柜
|沾
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geoi²
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tem, *teːms, *tʰeːm) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 占 (OC *ʔljem, *tjems). \ Ganlu Zishu considers this glyph to be an unorthodox variant of 霑 (zhān). \ Austroasiatic; compare Khmer ត្រាំ (tram, “to soak”), តំរាំ (tɑmrŏəm, “soaking; immersion; something which has been soaked”), ជ្រាំ (crŏəm, “muddy water”), Proto-Bahnaric *tram (“to soak”), *kram (“to sink”), Proto-Katuic *tram (“to soak”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖  ‖  ‖
|Salix integra, a type of willow • Used in 柜柳 (“Pterocarya stenoptera”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zim¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiam • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiam • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsam • Middle-Chinese : trjem ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zim¹ • Middle-Chinese : trjem ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄢ • Middle-Chinese : them ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˋ • Middle-Chinese : temH
|abundant; overflowing; brimming • to soak; to moisten • to share in (a benefit); to benefit through association • to influence; to edify • to be stained with; to be contaminated by • to touch; to come into contact with • (dialectal) to be good; to be okay ‖ (～水) an ancient river that flows from Huguan County, Shanxi into the Qi (淇) River in Henan, China ‖ Alternative form of 添 (tiān, “to increase”) • thin ‖ (～水) an ancient river flowing from Xiyang County, Shanxi into Ye (冶) River in Hebei • (～縣) (historical) a county in the Han dynasty southwest of Xiyang County
|
|
|
|
|沾 (eumhun 시다 첨 (sida cheom)) ‖ 沾 (eumhun 더할 첨 (deohal cheom)) ‖ 沾 (eumhun 경망할 첩 (gyeongmanghal cheop))
|hanja form of 첨 (“to soak; to moisten”) ‖ Alternative form of 添 (“hanja form of 첨 (“to append; to increase”)”) ‖ hanja form of 첩 (“frivolous; discourteous; smug”)
|Hán-Nôm : chăm • Hán-Nôm : trèm • Hán-Nôm : triêm • Hán-Nôm : chem • Hán-Nôm : thêm
|
|
|
|沾
|
|柜
|-
|-
|柩
|泄
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gau⁶
|coffin which contains a corpse
| ‖  
| ‖  
| ‖  
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sit³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siat • Middle-Chinese : sjet ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jai⁶ • Middle-Chinese : yejH
|柩 (eumhun 널 구 (neol gu))
|to let out (a fluid or gas); to discharge • to let out or leak (a secret, news, etc.) • to vent • (Chinese mythology) Xie of Xia (tenth king of the semi-legendary Xia dynasty) • Alternative form of 洩 • (obsolete) Alternative form of 媟 (xiè) • (obsolete, dialectal) to stop ‖ Used in 泄沓. • Used in 泄泄.
|coffin
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|柩
|to leak; to escape • to excrete
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|泄 • (seol, ye) · 泄 • (seol, ye) (hangeul 설, 예, revised seol, ye, McCune–Reischauer sŏl, ye, Yale sel, yey)
|柯
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜ • Cantonese · Jyutping : o¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kua • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kho ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : kua ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : kua
|(literary) axe handle • (literary) stalk; branch • a surname • Short for 柯爾克孜／柯尔克孜 (kē'ěrkèzī, “Kyrgyz (the people, language, etc.)”). • Lithocarpus; stone oak ‖ (Hokkien, of fruits, vegetable, etc.) fibrous; stringy; tough; withered • (Teochew) dry; dried up; unmoist • (Hokkien) lost one's youthfulness; old ‖ (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) copper coin • (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) yuan (unit of currency)
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|柯 • (ga) · 柯 • (ga) (hangeul 가, revised ga, McCune–Reischauer ka, Yale ka)
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|Hán-Nôm : tướt • Hán-Nôm : dịa • Hán-Nôm : duệ • Hán-Nôm : tiết • Hán-Nôm : thực
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|柯
|泄
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|査
|泛
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰoms, *bob) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 乏 (OC *bob). \ Sino-Tibetan. Compare Tibetan འབྱམ ('byam, “to flow over; to diffuse”) (Bodman, 1980). ‖ From 覂 (OC *poŋʔ). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hàm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huān • Middle-Chinese : phjomH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fung² • Cantonese · Jyutping : fung³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄚˊ • Middle-Chinese : bjop
|to float on water; to drift • to spread out; to be suffused with • to flood; to overflow • superficial; non-specific • extensive; general; pan- • careless; reckless ‖ to turn over; to topple over • to be destroyed; to be defeated; to fall ‖ ^‡ The sound of water.
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|泛 • (beom, bong) · 泛 • (beom, bong) (hangeul 범, 봉, revised beom, bong, McCune–Reischauer pŏm, pong, Yale pem, pong)
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|investigate, inspect
|Hán-Nôm : phiếm • Hán-Nôm : phím • Hán-Nôm : mẹp • Hán-Nôm : phám
|査 (eumhun 조사할 사 (josahal sa))
|Hanja form of 사 (“investigate, inspect”).
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|査
|泛
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|栩
|洛
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : heoi² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hí ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˇ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·raːɡ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 各 (OC *klaːɡ).
|oak • vivid • a surname ‖ Only used in 栩陽／栩阳.
|Cantonese · Jyutping : lok³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lok⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lo̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lo̍h • Middle-Chinese : lak
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|(～水, ～河) Luo River, a tributary of the Yellow River. • (～河) Luo River, a tributary of the Wei River. • Luoyang • a surname • (Mainland China) Used in the phonetic transcription of /lɒ/, /lɔː/, and /loʊ/ into Chinese characters
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| ‖ 洛(らく) • (raku) ^(←らく (raku)?)
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| ‖ (literary) capital city • (especially) Kyōto (a city in Kyōto, Japan)
|洛 • (rak>nak) · 洛 • (rak>nak) (hangeul 락>낙, revised rak>nak, McCune–Reischauer rak>nak, Yale lak>nak)
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|Hán-Nôm : rặc • Hán-Nôm : chua • Hán-Nôm : lạc • Hán-Nôm : lặng
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|栩
|洛
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|桀
|洽
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : git⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kia̍t ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : ke̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ke̍eh ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : khe̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khe̍eh
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡruːb) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb). \ Causative of 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb, “to be together”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ Alternatively, it may be related to Tibetan འགྲུབ ('grub, “to be accomplished”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡruːb) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb). \ Causative of 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb, “to be together”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ Alternatively, it may be related to Tibetan འགྲུབ ('grub, “to be accomplished”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡruːb) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb). \ Causative of 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb, “to be together”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ Alternatively, it may be related to Tibetan འགྲུབ ('grub, “to be accomplished”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡruːb) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb). \ Causative of 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb, “to be together”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ Alternatively, it may be related to Tibetan འགྲུབ ('grub, “to be accomplished”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|chicken roost • Jie of Xia, an ancient emperor • fierce; brutal; cruel • to lift; to raise; to shoulder; to bear • Alternative form of 傑／杰 (jié, “outstanding; hero”) ‖ (Hokkien) to be not in harmony; to be incompatible; to be contrary • (Hokkien) to impede; to obstruct; to hinder • (Mainland China and Philippine Hokkien) to get stuck; to wedge • (Mainland China Hokkien) to contradict (people) • (Xiamen Hokkien) hard to get along with others ‖ (Hokkien) to have estrangement; to be in conflict with each other (often reduplicated) • (Xiamen Hokkien) to hit something • (Quanzhou Hokkien) to have a crack (of a jar, vat, etc.)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄚˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hap⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hap¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haap⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ap¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hia̍p • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ha̍p • Middle-Chinese : heap ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : ka̍p ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜˊ ‖
|to moisten • to be in accord; to be harmonious; to agree • to consult • extensive; wide ‖ (of liquids) thick; viscous • (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taiwanese and Philippine Hokkien) mediocre; stupid; clumsy ‖ (historical) Alternative form of 郃 (hé), the name of a river in Shaanxi now known as 金水河. ‖ (Eastern Min) to stick to, adhere • (Eastern Min) to be at
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|桀 (eum 걸 (geol))
|洽 • (heup) · 洽 • (heup) (hangeul 흡, revised heup, McCune–Reischauer hŭp, Yale hup)
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|Hán-Nôm : hiệp
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|桀
|洽
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|-
|桅
|浙
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : guî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uî ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄟˇ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔljed) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 折 (OC *l'eːl, *ʔljed, *ɦljed).
|mast (of a ship) • (suburban Nanjing Mandarin) sail ‖ short spear
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄜˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiat • Middle-Chinese : tsyet
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|(～江) (historical) Zhe River (former name of the Qiantang River in Zhejiang, China) • Short for 浙江 (Zhèjiāng, “Zhejiang Province”).
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|浙 (eumhun 강 절 (gang jeol))
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|Hán-Nôm : chiết
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|桅
|浙
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|桓
|涕
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huân
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰiːlʔ, *tʰiːls) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 弟 (OC *diːlʔ, *diːls). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-t(w)əj-n ~ m-ti-s (“water”). Cognate with 洟 (OC *l̥ʰiːls, *lil).
|Chinese soapberry (Sapindus mukorossi) • (obsolete) pillar used as a signpost • mighty; martial; large • Used in 盤桓／盘桓 (pánhuán). • a surname
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tai³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thè • Middle-Chinese : thejX • Middle-Chinese : thejH
|tear (from the eyes) • (alt. form 洟) nasal mucus; snot; snivel
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|桓 • (hwan) · 桓 • (hwan) (hangeul 환, revised hwan, McCune–Reischauer hwan, Yale hwan)
|涕 (eum 체 (che))
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|Hán-Nôm : thế • Hán-Nôm : thía
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|桓
|涕
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|桿
|涮
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gon¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gon² • Cantonese · Jyutping : gon³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄢˇㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuáinn
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sroːns) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 刷 (OC *sroːd, *srod). ‖
|pole; stick; club; rod • lever; handle • shaft; barrel • Classifier for long, cylindrical objects, such as guns.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : syun³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suàn • Middle-Chinese : srwaenH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : sannh
|to rinse clean; to swill • to scald thin slices of meat in boiling water (then immediately taken out) ‖ (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to scald thin slices of meat in boiling water (then immediately taken out)
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|stick
|桿 • (han) · 桿 • (han) (hangeul 한, revised han, McCune–Reischauer han, Yale han)
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|Nôm form of cán (“handle”).
|桿
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|梃
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄥˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ting⁵
|a club • a stalk • straight
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|bar, pole • lever
|梃 • (jeong) · 梃 • (jeong) (hangeul 정)
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|Hán-Nôm : loát
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|梃
|涮
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|梓
|涵
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsú
|yellow catalpa or Chinese catalpa (Catalpa ovata) • craftsman who produces wooden items • hometown • printing block • a surname
| ‖ 梓(あずさ) or 梓(アズサ) • (azusa) ^(←あづさ (adusa) or アヅサ (adusa)?) ‖ 梓(あずさ) • (Azusa) ^(←あづさ (adusa)?) ‖ 梓(し) • (shi) ‖ 梓(し) • (shi)
| ‖ Synonym of 夜糞峰榛 (yoguso minebari): the Japanese cherry birch, Betula grossa • Synonym of 木豇豆, 楸 (kisasage): the yellow or Chinese catalpa, Catalpa ovata • Synonym of 赤芽柏 (akame-gashiwa): the Japanese mallotus, Mallotus japonicus • a block used for printing (as it was originally made from the wood of the Chinese catalpa) • Short for 梓弓 (azusa yumi): a bow made from the wood of the Japanese cherry birch; a small musical bow used to summon spirits • Short for 梓巫女 (azusa miko): a 巫女 (miko, “unmarried female medium”) who summons spirits by sounding the string of an azusa yumi (short musical bow) • (theater) in noh, ‖ a female given name • a surname ‖ a block used for printing (as it was originally made from the wood of the Chinese catalpa) ‖ catalpa • printing block • printing
|梓 • (jae) · 梓 • (jae) (hangeul 재, revised jae, McCune–Reischauer chae, Yale cay)
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haam⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : âm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ânn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hâm • Middle-Chinese : hom • Middle-Chinese : homX
|to soak; to wet • to tolerate; to forgive; to be lenient • to immerse • a culvert • Alternative form of 含 (“to contain, to bear”)
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|梓
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|梟
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hiu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiau
|owl • a mythical bird which eats its own parents shortly after hatching • brave, fierce • leader, ringleader • to decapitate and hang the head • (Teochew) indifferent, insensitive, indolent
| ‖ 梟(ふくろう) or 梟(ふくろ) • (fukurō or fukuro) ^(←ふくろふ (fukurofu)?)
| ‖ an owl
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|涵 (eum 함 (ham))
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|Hán-Nôm : hàm
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|梟
|涵
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|梵
|淆
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄢˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : faan⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : faan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huān
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢraːw) : semantic 水 + phonetic 肴 (OC *ɢraːw). \ An endopassive derivative of 交 (OC *kreːw), with initial voicing (Schuessler, 2007).
|lush; luxuriant • (Hinduism) Brahman; the ultimate reality in the universe (concept in Hinduism) • (figurative) quiet; peaceful; undisturbed • of or pertaining to Buddhism; Buddhist • of or pertaining to ancient India or the Sanskrit language; Indian • (Buddhism) to chant sutras; to recite sutras • (Buddhism) sound of sutra chanting • a surname
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngaau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hâu • Middle-Chinese : haew
| ‖ 梵(ぼん) • (bon)
|confused; in disarray; mixed up • (Cantonese) Short for 淆底.
| ‖ Abbreviation of 梵語.
|梵 • (beom) · 梵 • (beom) (hangeul 범, revised beom, McCune–Reischauer pŏm, Yale pem)
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|Brahma • Sanskrit
|梵
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|棗
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄠˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄠˇㄦ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zou² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsó • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsóo
|jujube; Chinese date • a surname
| ‖ 棗(なつめ) or 棗(ナツメ) • (natsume) ‖ 棗(なつめ) • (Natsume)
|jujube ‖ the jujube or Chinese date, Ziziphus jujuba • a dye made from dried jujube fruits • a small tea caddy used in the tea ceremony ‖ a female given name • a surname
|棗 • (jo) · 棗 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho, Yale co)
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|淆 (eum 효 (hyo))
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|Hán-Nôm : hào
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|棗
|淆
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|棣
|淋
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dai⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄞˋ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·rɯm, *ɡ·rɯms) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 林 (OC *ɡ·rɯm). \ Related to 霖 (OC *ɡ·rɯm, “long rain”). Wang (1982) considers this cognate with 淫 (OC *lɯm, “to soak; to drench”). Also compare Hokkien 啉 (lim, “to drink”) and Teochew 啉 (lim¹, “to drink”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·rɯm, *ɡ·rɯms) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 林 (OC *ɡ·rɯm). \ Related to 霖 (OC *ɡ·rɯm, “long rain”). Wang (1982) considers this cognate with 淫 (OC *lɯm, “to soak; to drench”). Also compare Hokkien 啉 (lim, “to drink”) and Teochew 啉 (lim¹, “to drink”).
|(botany) Kerria japonica • cherry tree • younger brother • a surname ‖ to attain; to reach ‖ Only used in 棣棣 (dàidài).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : lam⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄣˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩㄣˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîm • Middle-Chinese : lim ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lam⁴
|to pour; to drip; to dribble (liquid flowing down) • to flow (down) at great speed; to gush into • to drench; to soak; to wet through • to water; to sprinkle ‖ to filter; to strain • to make wine; to brew liquor • (traditional Chinese medicine) strangury; urinary urgency and pain on urination • (pathology) gonorrhoea (i.e. “dripping”)
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|(botany) Kerria japonica
|drip • desolation • lonely
|棣 (eumhun 산앵두나무 체 (sanaengdunamu che)) ‖ 棣 (eumhun 익숙할 태 (iksukhal tae))
|淋 • (rim>im) · 淋 • (rim>im) (hangeul 림>임, revised rim>im, McCune–Reischauer rim>im, Yale lim>im)
|Hanja form of 체 (“Vaccinium koreanum”). • (literary) Hanja form of 체 (“to attain; to reach”). ‖ (literary) Hanja form of 태 (“courteous appearance”).
|chữ Hán form of đệ (“brother; sibling”). • chữ Hán form of lệ (“Kerria japonica”).
|棣
|-
|棲
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cai¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sue
|to perch • to roost • to stay
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|
|(Of humans and other animals) residing (somewhere), living (someplace); inhabiting a nest, den, burrow, etc.
|Hán-Nôm : lấm • Hán-Nôm : lâm • Hán-Nôm : lầm • Hán-Nôm : lem • Hán-Nôm : rấm • Hán-Nôm : rướm
|棲 (eumhun 깃들일 서 (gitdeuril seo))
|Hanja form of 서 (“roost”).
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|
|棲
|淋
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|-
|棹
|淌
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaau⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoek³
| ‖  ‖
|Alternative form of 櫂 (zhào) ‖ Alternative form of 桌 • Name of a tree.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tong² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thóng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄤˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄤˇ
| ‖ 棹(さお) • (sao) ^(←さを (sawo)?)
|to drip; to trickle; to flow down • to shed (tears) • Alternative form of 蹚 (tāng, “to ford; to wade”) • (dialectal) Classifier for blood over a surface. ‖ ^‡ large wave ‖ Only used in 淌游 (chǎngyóu, “(of water) wavy”).
| ‖ neck of a shamisen, etc. • Alternative form of 竿 (“rod, pole”)
|棹 • (do) · 棹 • (do) (hangeul 도, revised do, McCune–Reischauer to, Yale to)
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|棹
|-
|楓
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : png • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hong
|maple (tree)
| ‖ 楓(かえで) • (kaede) ^(←かへで (kafede)?) ‖ 楓(かえで) • (Kaede) ‖ 楓(かいで) • (kaide) ‖ 楓(かつら) • (katsura) ‖ 楓(おかつら) • (okatsura) ^(←をかつら (wokatura)?) ‖ 楓(ふう) • (fū)
|maple • Liquidambar formosana, Chinese sweetgum tree, Formosan sweetgum tree ‖ the maple tree • a color scheme for 襲 (kasane, “layered kimono”, literally “layering”), where both the outer and inner layers are light green • a kind of 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”), featuring a maple-leaf design • (term of endearment) a child's hand (from the resemblance in shape between a hand with splayed fingers and a maple leaf) ‖ a female given name ‖ (uncommon, possibly obsolete) alternative for kaede above: the maple tree ‖ 桂: the katsura tree, Cercidiphyllum japonicum • 桂: (Chinese mythology) the kind of tree that grows on the moon ‖ (obsolete) the katsura tree, Cercidiphyllum japonicum ‖ フウ: the Formosan sweetgum tree, Liquidambar formosana • in certain kanji compounds, the maple tree
|楓 (eumhun 단풍나무 풍 (danpungnamu pung))
|Hanja form of 풍 (“maple (tree)”).
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|
|楓
|-
|楔
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sit³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sueh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : seh ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : sip³
|wedge; peg • (dialectal) to drive; to wedge (a wedge, nail, etc.) • (Hokkien) to stuff in; to plug in; to fill in • (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) wedge; peg; stopper • (Mainland China Hokkien, figurative) to bribe ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 𤗈 (sip³)
| ‖ 楔(くさび) • (kusabi)
| ‖ a wedge (simple machine)
|楔 (eum 설 (seol))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : thảng
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|楔
|淌
|-
|-
|楞
|淘
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁶ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : gông ‖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'uː) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 匋 (OC *bl'uː).
|Alternative form of 稜／棱 (léng, “edge; corner”) ‖ Used in transliteration. ‖ Alternative form of 愣 ‖ (Hokkien) dizzy • (Taiwanese Hokkien) to be dumbfounded; to be startled ‖ (Eastern Min) segment of a fruit, seed, or other round plant organ • (Eastern Min) Classifier for fruit or seed segments, flower petals, or portions of other round plant organs. • (Eastern Min) Classifier for slices of a round object such as cake or melon.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tôo
|to wash in a container in order to remove impurities; to pan • (dialectal) to search for goods in an old market • to dredge; to clean out • to expend; to consume; to use up; to spend • (dialectal) naughty; mischievous • a surname
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|楞 • (reung>neung) · 楞 • (reung>neung) (hangeul 릉>능, revised reung>neung, McCune–Reischauer rŭng>nŭng, Yale lung>nung)
|淘 • (do) · 淘 • (do) (hangeul 도, revised do, McCune–Reischauer to, Yale to)
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|
|Hán-Nôm : đào • Hán-Nôm : rào
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|楞
|淘
|-
|-
|楠
|淚
| ‖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ruds) : semantic 水 + phonetic 戾 (OC *rɯːds, *rɯːd). \ Often thought to be related to 泣 (OC *k-r̥əp, “to weep”) (Mei, 1980b; Baxter and Sagart, 2014). \ However, Schuessler (2007, 2015) finds this phonologically problematic. He instead proposes that 淚 (OC *r(i)uts) derives from 流 (OC *r(i)u, “to flow”) + *-t (suffix in nouns for naturally occurring things), literally "the things that are flowing". ‖
|nanmu tree (Machilus nanmu or Phoebe zhennan) • name of various species of Phoebe and Machilus ‖ (～府) Nan province (of Thailand) • (～市) Nan city • (～河) Nan river
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luī • Middle-Chinese : lwijH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ
|tear; teardrop • (literary) to weep; to cry ‖
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|
|camphor tree
|tears
|楠 • (nam) · 楠 • (nam) (hangeul 남, revised nam, McCune–Reischauer nam, Yale nam)
|淚 (eumhun 눈물 루 (nunmul ru), word-initial (South Korea) 눈물 누 (nunmul nu))
|hanja form of 루/누 (“tear”) • hanja form of 루/누 (“weep, cry”)
|Hán-Nôm : lệ • Hán-Nôm : lụy • Hán-Nôm : luỵ
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|
|
|淚
|楠
|-
|-
|楨
|淤
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zing¹
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qa, *qas) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 於 (OC *qaː, *qa).
|hardwood • supports, posts
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ir • Hokkien · Tai-lo : u • Hokkien · Tai-lo : i • Middle-Chinese : 'jo • Middle-Chinese : 'joH
|
|silt
|hardwood • supports • posts
|楨 • (jeong) · 楨 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng, Yale ceng)
|hardwood • privet • supports • posts
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|
|楨
|-
|楫
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zip³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zip⁶
|oar, paddle
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|
|oar
|淤 (eum 어 (eo))
|楫 • (jeup, jeop) · 楫 • (jeup, jeop) (hangeul 즙, 접, revised jeup, jeop, McCune–Reischauer chŭp, chŏp, Yale cup, cep)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : ứa
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|楫
|淤
|-
|-
|楹
|淨
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jing⁴
| ‖ For pronunciation and definitions of 淨 – see 埩 (“moat around the gate of the capital of ancient state of Lu”). \ (This character is a variant form of 埩).
|column; pillar (especially in front of a hall) • (literary) Classifier for buildings or rooms.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zing⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeng⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsīng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiānn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsīnn • Middle-Chinese : dzjengH ‖
|clean; unspoilt • (Cantonese) pure; with nothing else • to clean; to cleanse • finished; with nothing left • (of an amount) net • only; merely; nothing but • (Cantonese) Alternative form of 剩 (“to be left; to remain”) • all; all the time • (opera) painted-face role ‖ to chase • to drive away; to chase away
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|
|楹 • (yeong) · 楹 • (yeong) (hangeul 영, revised yeong, McCune–Reischauer yŏng, Yale yeng)
|淨 • (jeong) · 淨 • (jeong) (hangeul 정)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : gianh • Hán-Nôm : tạnh • Hán-Nôm : tĩnh • Hán-Nôm : tịnh
|
|
|楹
|淨
|-
|-
|楼
|淮
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷriːl) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 隹 (OC *tjul) \ Yang (1999) suggests a derivation from the bird (隹) totem worship of the Huaiyi that inhabited the Huai river basin.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄞˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huâi • Middle-Chinese : hweaj
|(～河) Huai River • a surname
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|
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|
|淮 (eum 회 (hoe))
|
|
|building (of two or more stores) • floor, level
|Hán-Nôm : hoài • Hán-Nôm : choài
|
|
|淮
|-
|淳
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djun) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 𦎧 ().
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sûn • Middle-Chinese : dzywin
|(of taste) thick • honest • a surname
| ‖ 淳(あつし) or 淳(じゅん) or 淳(きよし) • (Atsushi or Jun or Kiyoshi)
|pure ‖ a male given name
|淳 • (sun, jun) · 淳 • (sun, jun) (hangeul 순, 준, revised sun, jun, McCune–Reischauer sun, chun, Yale swun, cwun)
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|
|Hán-Nôm : thuần
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|
|楼
|淳
|-
|-
|榛
|淹
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeon¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsin
|
|hazel (Corylus heterophylla) • hazelnut • thicket; underbrush • (of vegetation) thick; dense
|Cantonese · Jyutping : jim¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : im • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iam • Middle-Chinese : 'jem • Middle-Chinese : 'jaemH
| ‖ 榛(はしばみ) or 榛(ハシバミ) • (hashibami) ‖ 榛(はり) • (hari)
|to soak; to flood; to drown; to submerge • (of skin) to be tingling from sweat • (literary) wide; deep; thorough • (literary) to stay; to stop over; to be detained • (literary) to delay; to take a long time • (literary) slow; sluggish
| ‖ Asian Hazel, Corylus heterophylla ‖ (archaic) Old name for Japanese alder (Alnus japonica)
|榛 (eum 진 (jin))
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|
|dip • soak • immerse • stop • linger
|淹 • (eom) · 淹 • (eom) (hangeul 엄, revised eom, McCune–Reischauer ŏm, Yale em)
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|榛
|Hán-Nôm : yêm • Hán-Nôm : êm • Hán-Nôm : im • Hán-Nôm : ươm
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|淹
|-
|-
|榭
|淺
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ze⁶
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰlenʔ, *ʔsleːn) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 戔 (OC *zlaːn). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰlenʔ, *ʔsleːn) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 戔 (OC *zlaːn).
|(architecture) pavilion (typically on raised ground)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cin² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshínn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshián • Middle-Chinese : tshjenX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsen
|shallow; not deep • superficial; surface; minimal; insignificant • simple; easy-to-understand • not intimate; distant • (of colours) light; pale • (of time) short; not long • (of level) slight; light ‖ Only used in 淺淺／浅浅 (qiǎnqiǎn, “gurgle; babble of running water”).
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|榭 (eum 사 (sa))
|淺 • (cheon) · 淺 • (cheon) (hangeul 천, revised cheon, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏn, Yale chen)
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|Hán-Nôm : thiển • Hán-Nôm : sẻn • Hán-Nôm : tiên
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|榭
|淺
|-
|-
|榷
|渝
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kok³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gok³
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lo) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 俞 (OC *l̥ʰus, *lo).
|(obsolete) single-plank bridge; log footbridge • to tax • tax; toll; levy • to monopolize • monopoly • to discuss • Alternative form of 確／确 (què)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : û • Hokkien · Tai-lo : î • Middle-Chinese : yu
|to change • to go against; to be contrary to • to overflow • to take off; to remove • Short for 重慶／重庆 (Chóngqìng, “Chongqing”). • a surname
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|
|footbridge • toll, levy • monopoly
|榷 • (gyo) · 榷 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo, Yale kyo)
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|渝 (eum 투 (tu))
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|榷
|Hán-Nôm : du
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|渝
|-
|-
|榻
|渠
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taap³
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡa) : semantic 水 (“water”) + abbreviated phonetic 榘 (OC *kʷaʔ). \ ; “ditch; canal; drain” ‖ Attested since 4th to 5th century CE, preserved in many central and southern dialects (Schuessler, 2007). See 佢 and 伊.
|cot; couch; bed • (obsolete) to copy
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kîr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kî • Middle-Chinese : gjo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kîr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kî • Middle-Chinese : gjo
|ditch; canal; drain; man-made channel (Classifier: 條／条 m c) • (literary) big; huge • a surname ‖ (literary or dialectal) third-person pronoun; he; she; it
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|榻 (eum 탑 (tap))
|渠 (eum 거 (geo))
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|Hán-Nôm : cừ • Hán-Nôm : gừa • Hán-Nôm : khờ • Hán-Nôm : cự
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|榻
|渠
|-
|-
|槁
|渣
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gou²
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsraː) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 查 (OC *ʔsraː, *zraː, *zraː).
|^† to wither • ^† (of a tree or wood) withered; rotten; dead • ^† dried up tree
|Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tse • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsee • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsa • Middle-Chinese : tsrae
|dregs; lees; sediment • fragment; particle; piece; scrap; crumb • Alternative form of 喳 • Used in transcription of foreign names in Cantonese. • a surname: Zha
|
|
|dried up tree • to wither; to rot (of a tree or wood) • to dry
|dregs
|槁 (eum 고 (go))
|渣 (eum 사 (sa))
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|Hán-Nôm : tra
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|槁
|渣
|-
|-
|槌
|渤
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi⁴⁻² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuî
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bɯːd) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 勃 (OC *bɯːd)
|hammer, mallet • to strike; to beat • (Zhengzhou, Jin) fist
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : but⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pu̍t • Middle-Chinese : bwot
| ‖ 槌(つち) • (tsuchi)
|(～海) Bohai Sea • (literary) surging; swelling
|hammer ‖ a hammer • a 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) featuring a traditional Japanese hammer design
|槌 • (toe, chu) · 槌 • (toe, chu) (hangeul 퇴, 추, revised toe, chu, McCune–Reischauer t'oe, ch'u, Yale thoy, chwu)
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|槌
|渤 • (bal) · 渤 • (bal) (hangeul 발, revised bal, McCune–Reischauer pal, Yale pal)
|-
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|槍
|Hán-Nôm : bọt • Hán-Nôm : bột
|Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄤ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshionn ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caang¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄤˇ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshìng
|(historical) spear; lance; pike • gun; firearm; shooter (Classifier: 桿／杆 m; 支 m c; 把 m c) • gun-like object • Classifier for gunshots. • to sit for an examination in place of someone else • (obsolete) to collide • a surname ‖ Only used in 欃槍／欃枪 (chánchēng, “comet”). ‖  ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 銃／铳 (“gun; firearm”)
| ‖ 槍(やり) • (yari) ‖ 槍(やり) • (Yari)
|spear, lance • javelin ‖ (weaponry) a spear, lance • (shogi) common name for the 香車 (kyōsha, “lance”) • a javelin (throwing spear used in athletics) • (archaic) jeering ‖ a surname
|槍 (eumhun 창 창 (chang chang))
|Hanja form of 창 (“spear”).
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|槍
|渤
|-
|-
|槓
|渦
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gong³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gung³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kàng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kǹg ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : lung⁵
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kloːl, *qloːl) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 咼 (OC *kʰʷroːl). ‖
|thick rod; thick pole • (gymnastics) bar • stout poles used to carry a coffin • rod-shaped part of a machine • thick line (Classifier: 道 m) • to cross out; to strike out • to whet • to argue; to bicker • (mahjong) kong ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 籠／笼 (“trunk; chest; large box”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wo¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : o • Hokkien · Tai-lo : oo • Middle-Chinese : 'wa ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwo¹ • Middle-Chinese : kwa
| ‖ 槓(カン) • (kan)
|whirlpool; eddy; vortex • something shaped like a whirlpool; indentation; concavity ‖ Guo River (a river in Henan and Anhui, China) • a surname
|lever ‖ (mahjong) Short for 槓子 (kantsu): a set of four identical tiles • (mahjong) a call for such a set (compare English kong): · for a 明槓 (minkan, “open kan”), the player calling should have a 暗刻 (ankō, “closed triplet”) in hand and the current discarded tile is the fourth tile • (mahjong) a call for such a set (compare English kong): · for a 加槓 (kakan, “added kan”), the player should have an 明刻 (minkō, “open triplet”) beforehand and the fourth tile must be self-drawn • (mahjong) a call for such a set (compare English kong): · for an 暗槓 (ankan, “closed kan”), the player calling must simply have all four tiles in hand
| ‖ 渦(か) • (ka) ^(←くわ (kwa)?) ‖ 渦(うず) • (uzu) ^(←うづ (udu)?)
|槓 • (gong) · 槓 • (gong) (hangeul 공, revised gong, McCune–Reischauer kong, Yale kong)
| ‖ eddy, swirl, whirlpool, vortex ‖ eddy, swirl, whirlpool, vortex
|渦 (eumhun 소용돌이 와 (soyongdori wa)) ‖ 渦 (eumhun 강 이름 과 (gang ireum gwa))
|hanja form of 와 (“whirlpool; eddy; vortex”) ‖ hanja form of 과 (“name of a river”)
|Hán-Nôm : oa
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|
|渦
|槓
|-
|-
|槨
|温
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄛˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwok³
|An unorthodox variant simplified from 溫 (𥁕 → 昷) which can be found in various historical dictionaries. \ Eventually adopted as an official form by the People's Republic of China in 1965 based on the Xin Zixing (新字形) standardized form of characters.
|outer coffin
|
|
|
|
|槨 (eum 곽 (gwak))
| ‖ 温(おん) • (on) ^(←をん (won)?) ‖ 温(おん) • (On) ^(←をん (won)?)
|warm ‖ warm ‖ a male given name
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|
|
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|槨
|Hán-Nôm : ồn • Hán-Nôm : ổn • Hán-Nôm : ôn
|Variant of 溫 • lukewarm
|温
|-
|-
|槪
|渲
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hyun¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : syun³ • Middle-Chinese : sjwenH
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|
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|
|
|槪 (eumhun 대개 개 (daegae gae))
|渲 (eum 선 (seon))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : huyên • Hán-Nôm : huyến • Hán-Nôm : tuyễn
|
|
|槪
|渲
|-
|-
|槳
|游
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiúnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiónn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiáng
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lu) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 斿 (OC *lu). \ From Sino-Tibetan. Cognate with Tibetan རྒྱུ་བ (rgyu ba, “to walk; to wander”), Lepcha ᰚᰪᰌᰦ (yŭ-da, “to flow”), Rawang yø (“to flow”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ Same word as 遊 (OC *lu, “to roam; to travel”). Cognate with 流 (OC *ru, “to flow”), 泅 (OC *lju). Probably unrelated to 油 (OC *lɯw, “abundant”), 滺 (“flowing”).
|oar; paddle (Classifier: 隻／只 m)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iû • Middle-Chinese : yuw
|to swim • reach; part of a river • a surname
|
|
|to float • to swim
|游 • (yu) · 游 • (yu) (hangeul 유)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : du
|
|
|游
|-
|渺
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mewʔ) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 眇 (OC *mewʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : miu⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : biáu • Middle-Chinese : mjiewX
|(of water) vast; boundless; endlessly long; expansive • (alt. form 眇) tiny; insignificant • vague; indistinct; uncertain • the number 10⁻¹¹
|
|
|
|
|槳
|渺 • (myo) · 渺 • (myo) (hangeul 묘, revised myo, McCune–Reischauer myo, Yale myo)
|-
|樁
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsng
|wooden pile; stake • pile (large stake driven into the earth or sea-bed for the support of a building) • Classifier for events, deals, legal cases, etc..
|
|
|pole, post, stake • matter
|Hán-Nôm : miểu • Hán-Nôm : diễu • Hán-Nôm : diệu • Hán-Nôm : giẻo
|
|
|渺
|-
|湃
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paai³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baai³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phài • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pài • Middle-Chinese : pheajH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄚˊ
|Used in 澎湃 and 湃湃, etc. ‖ (Mandarin) to soak something in cold water to cool • (obsolete) to bury something in ice to cool
|
|
|sound of waves
|湃 (eum 배 (bae))
|sound of waves • turbulent
|Hán-Nôm : phái
|
|
|樁
|湃
|-
|-
|樊
|湘
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : faan⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : faan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huân
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *slaŋ) : semantic 水 + phonetic 相 (OC *slaŋ, *slaŋs).
|(literary) fence; hedge • (literary) to fence; to surround with a fence • a surname
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄤ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : Siong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : Siang • Middle-Chinese : sjang
|(～江, ～水) Xiang River, an affluent of Dongting Lake • Short for 湖南 (Húnán, “Hunan, a province of China.”). • Xiang; Xiang Chinese
|
|
|
|
|樊 • (beon) · 樊 • (beon) (hangeul 번, revised beon, McCune–Reischauer pŏn, Yale pen)
|湘 (eumhun 강 이름 상 (gang ireum sang))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tương
|
|
|樊
|湘
|-
|-
|横
|湧
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 勇 (OC *loŋʔ)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : íng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ióng • Middle-Chinese : yowngX
|(of water) to spring up from below • to rush out like water; to gush • (Southern Min) wave
|
|
|(of water) to spring up from below
|湧 (eum 용 (yong))
|
|
| ‖ 横(よこ) • (yoko) ‖ 横(おう) • (ō) ^(←わう (wau)?)
|Hán-Nôm : rụng • Hán-Nôm : dộng • Hán-Nôm : dũng
|sideways, horizontal • next, next to • width ‖ side • width ‖ sideways, horizontal • self-willed; arbitrary; unrestrained and aggressive • sudden; unexpected • brimming
|横 • (hoeng) · 横 • (hoeng) (hangeul 횡, revised hoeng, McCune–Reischauer hoeng, Yale hoyng)
|across
|
|
|横
|湧
|-
|-
|樵
|溉
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ciu⁴
| ‖
|(literary or Hakka, Min) firewood • to chop firewood; to gather firewood • woodcutter
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : koi³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : goi³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kài • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khài • Middle-Chinese : kj+jH • Middle-Chinese : kojH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˋ
|to water, irrigate, flood • to wash • (Sichuanese) river-front road/path ‖ Only used in 沆溉.
|
|
|
|
|樵 (eum 초 (cho))
|溉 • (gae) · 溉 • (gae) (hangeul 개, revised gae, McCune–Reischauer kae, Yale kay)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : ngấy
|
|
|樵
|溉
|-
|-
|樸
|溜
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pok³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phoh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phok ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : buk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pho̍h ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pou⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : buk⁶
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *m·rus) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 留 (OC *m·ru, *m·rus) – name of a river. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *m·rus) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 留 (OC *m·ru, *m·rus) – name of a river.
|simple; plain; rough; unpolished • sincere; honest ‖ (archaic) a kind of oak • (archaic) to stick; to adhere ‖ Only used in 樸𠟼／朴𠟼. ‖ ^‡ dense (of trees)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : liu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liū • Middle-Chinese : ljuwH
|to slide; to glide; to slip • to sneak off; to sneak away; to escape • to pilfer; to steal; to snatch • to fawn on; to curry favour with; to flatter • to heat up slightly • (alt. form 熘) (cooking) to add starch and quickly fry under high heat • expressive suffix appended to adjectives, often used in the reduplicated form 溜溜 • (literary, or in compounds) slippery ‖ (～水) archaic name for the Liu River in modern-day Guangxi Province • (of water or other liquids) to flow downwards; to drip; to dribble • water drop or water stream • Alternative form of 霤 (liù, “eavesdrop; part of the eaves where rainwater drips down; eaves gutter”) • swift current; rapids • (of water) rapid; swift and violent • (of an action) quick; swift; speedy; prompt • to shoot a glance at; to cast a sidelong glance at • Alternative form of 遛 (“to stroll; to saunter”) • to summon; to call for; to send for • Classifier for objects arranged in lines, rows or strings. • surroundings; neighborhood • (dialectal) to daub; to plaster
|
|
|unworked wood, bark of a tree • sincere, honest
|collect • gather
|樸 • (bok, bak) · 樸 • (bok, bak) (hangeul 복, 박, revised bok, bak, McCune–Reischauer pok, pak, Yale pok, pak)
|溜 • (ryu>yu) · 溜 • (ryu>yu) (hangeul 류>유, revised ryu>yu, McCune–Reischauer ryu>yu, Yale lyu>yu)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : lưu • Hán-Nôm : lựu • Hán-Nôm : rượu
|
|
|樸
|溜
|-
|-
|樺
|溝
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waa⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waa⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huâ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koː) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 冓 (OC *koː, *koːs). \ Possibly the k-prefix noun of 漏 (OC *roːs, “to leak”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖  ‖  ‖
|birch
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄡ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : koo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kio • Middle-Chinese : kuw ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄡˋ ‖  ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : kau¹
| ‖ 樺(かば) or 樺(カバ) • (kaba) ‖ 樺(かんば) or 樺(カンバ) • (kanba) ‖ 樺(かにわ) • (kaniwa) ^(←かには (kanifa)?)
|ditch; trench; channel (artificial or natural) (Classifier: 條／条 m; 道 m) • trench (military) • gully; valley • groove; rut; furrow (Classifier: 道 m) • a numeral that refers to 10³² or others ‖ Only used in 溝瞀／沟瞀 (kòumào, “ignorant”). ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 摳／抠 (“to mix”) ‖ (chiefly Cantonese) to pick up; to hit on
|birch • reddish yellow ‖ a birch (plant of genus Betula) • Short for 樺色 (kabairo, “reddish yellow”). ‖ a birch (plant of genus Betula) ‖ (obsolete) Japanese bird cherry (Prunus grayana) or its bark • (obsolete) monarch birch (Betula maximowicziana) or its bark
| ‖ 溝(こう) • (kō) ‖ 溝(こう) • (kō) ‖ 溝(うなて) • (unate) ‖ 溝(せせなぎ) • (sesenagi) ^(←せせなき (sesenaki)?) ‖ 溝(せせなげ) • (sesenage) ‖ 溝(みぞ) • (mizo) ‖ 溝(みぞ) • (Mizo) ‖ 溝(みぞさき) • (Mizosaki)
|樺 • (hwa) · 樺 • (hwa) (hangeul 화, revised hwa, McCune–Reischauer hwa, Yale hwa)
| ‖ ditch, channel • groove, furrow ‖ [from 17th c.] a hundred nonillion, equivalent to 10³² ‖ (agriculture) irrigation ditch ‖ channel with rainwater, sewage or other dirty water • Synonym of せせらぎ (seseragi) ‖ Synonym of 溝 (sesenagi) ‖ ditch • groove, furrow • gap between different opinions or emotions; disagreement ‖ a surname ‖ a surname
|birch
|溝 • (gu) · 溝 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu)
|
|
|樺
|Hán-Nôm : câu
|
|溝
|-
|-
|樽
|溢
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeon¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsun
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *liɡ) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 益 (OC *qleɡ, “to increase”) – overflowing liquid.
|(archaic) vessel for alcohol; goblet • (Cantonese, Hakka, Teochew, Leizhou Min, Zhongshan Min) bottle; vase (Classifier: 個／个 c) • (Cantonese, Hakka, Teochew) Classifier for bottles.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jat⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ioh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : i̍t • Middle-Chinese : yit
| ‖ 樽(たる) • (taru) ‖ 樽(そん) • (son)
|to overflow; to brim over • to flood • to be full of; to be brimming with • excessive; excessively • to exceed • vigorous • An ancient unit of capacity. • Alternative form of 鎰／镒 (yì, “An ancient unit of weight.”) • Alternative form of 佾 (yì, “row of dancers”) • (Hokkien) to surge; to gush; to rise • (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to vomit due to overeating, sickness, etc. • (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to rock; to sway; to shake • (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to lightly sway • (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to be shaken, shocked, jolted (similar to lakewater)
| ‖ barrel ‖ barrel
| ‖ 溢(いつ) • (itsu)
|樽 (eum 준 (jun))
|to overflow ‖ overflow • excessive
|
|
|flood
|canonical : 溢: Hán Việt readings: dật 溢: Nôm readings: dật • canonical : ải
|
|
|樽
|溢
|-
|-
|橇
|溯
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hiu¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyut³
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sou³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sòo • Middle-Chinese : suH
|to go upstream; to go against a current • to trace back; to recall
|
|
|
| ‖ 橇(そり) • (sori) · 橇(かんじき) • (kanjiki)
|溯 • (so, sak) · 溯 • (so, sak) (hangeul 소, 삭, revised so, sak, McCune–Reischauer so, sak, Yale so, sak)
| ‖ sleigh • snowshoes
|橇 (eum 취 (chwi))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tố
|
|
|橇
|溯
|-
|-
|橢
|滇
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄛˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : to⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : to² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thó • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thò ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄛˇ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tiːn, *tʰiːns, *diːn) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 真 (OC *ʔljin). ‖  ‖  ‖
|oval-shaped container • long and narrow; oval-shaped; elliptical ‖ Only used in 科橢／科椭.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : din¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tin⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : Tian • Middle-Chinese : ten ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tin⁴ • Middle-Chinese : den • Middle-Chinese : thenH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tīnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǐnn
|(～池) Lake Dian (lake near Kunming, Yunnan, China) • (～國) (historical) Dian Kingdom • Short for 雲南／云南 (Yúnnán). • a surname ‖ Only used in 滇滇 and 滇㴐. ‖ A river in Henan ‖ (Min) full • (Southern Min, of water) to rise
| ‖ 滇(てん) • (Ten)
|Lake Dian ‖ (historical) Dian Kingdom
|滇 (eumhun 성할 전 (seonghal jeon)) ‖ 滇 (eumhun 고을 이름 진 (go'eul ireum jin))
| ‖
|Hán-Nôm : điền • Hán-Nôm : chan • Hán-Nôm : tràn • Hán-Nôm : dàn • Hán-Nôm : giàn
|
|
|滇
|-
|滔
|
|
|橢 (eum 타 (ta))
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tou¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thoo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tho • Middle-Chinese : thaw
|to flood; to inundate; to overflow • to surge; to swell • rushing water; torrent • (literary) arrogant; prideful
|
|
|
|
|橢
|滔 (eum 도 (do))
|-
|檄
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hat⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hi̍k
|
|
| ‖ 檄(げき) • (geki)
|Hán-Nôm : thao • Hán-Nôm : thào
| ‖ written appeal, circular, manifesto
|檄 (eum 격 (gyeok))
|
|
|
|滔
|檄
|-
|-
|檔
|滯
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dong² • Cantonese · Jyutping : dong³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tóng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thn̄g ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tn̄g
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *dads) : semantic 水 + phonetic 帶 (OC *taːds). ‖  ‖
|shelf for files • frame; crosspiece • document • (Cantonese) stall (small open-fronted shop) ‖ (Quanzhou Hokkien) a form of community fundraising done in Quanzhou
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thì • Middle-Chinese : drjejH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tù ‖
|stagnant; sluggish • to hold back; to stay (to hinder); to encumber; to impede • to lag; to be held back; to stagnate · to accumulate; to be unable to circulate; to cease flowing • to lag; to be held back; to stagnate · to be late in payments; to be in arrears; to be overdue • to lag; to be held back; to stagnate • (Cantonese, of the stomach) bloated; uncomfortably full; stuffed ‖ (Taiwanese Hokkien) to be stopped up; to be blocked ‖
|
|
|
|
|檔 (eum 당 (dang))
|滯 (eum 체 (che))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : sệ • Hán-Nôm : chề • Hán-Nôm : trẹ • Hán-Nôm : trệ • Hán-Nôm : trễ • Hán-Nôm : dải • Hán-Nôm : đái • Hán-Nôm : đáy • Hán-Nôm : trề • Hán-Nôm : xễ
|
|
|檔
|滯
|-
|-
|檜
|滿
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kui² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuè ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kui²
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *moːnʔ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 㒼 (). \ ; “Manchu” \ ; “Classifier for occurrences of events”
|Chinese juniper ‖ Used in personal names.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : muá • Hokkien · Tai-lo : buán • Middle-Chinese : manX
| ‖ 檜(ひのき) or 檜(ヒノキ) • (hinoki) ‖ 檜(ひのき) • (Hinoki) ‖ 檜(ひ) • (hi)
|full; filled; packed • full; complete • whole; entire • fully; completely • to fill; to cause to be full • to reach the limit; to expire • to satisfy; satisfied; contented • arrogant; conceited • quite; so; very • (～族) Manchu people • a surname: Man • (Hakka) Classifier for occurrences of events.
| ‖ the Japanese cypress, Chamaecyparis obtusa ‖ a female given name • a surname ‖ (archaic, or in compounds) the Japanese cypress, Chamaecyparis obtusa
|檜 • (hoe, gwal) · 檜 • (hoe, gwal) (hangeul 회, 괄, revised hoe, gwal, McCune–Reischauer hoe, kwal, Yale hoy, kwal)
|
|
|full • fullness • enough • satisfy
|滿 (eumhun 찰 만 (chal man))
|hanja form of 만 (“full”)
|Hán-Nôm : mãn • Hán-Nôm : mởn • Hán-Nôm : mớn
|
|
|檜
|滿
|-
|-
|檳
|漓
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄣ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ban¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pin • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pun
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rel) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 离 (OC *rel, *r̥ʰel).
|Used in compounds. • (Malaysia, Singapore) Short for 檳城／槟城 (Bīnchéng, “Penang, Malaysia”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lî • Middle-Chinese : lje
|(literary) unkind; shallow • Used in 淋漓 (línlí). • Alternative form of 醨 (lí, “dilute wine”) • Alternative form of 離／离 (“to depart from; to deviate from”)
|
|
|betel nut; betel palm tree
|檳 • (bin) · 檳 • (bin) (hangeul 빈, revised bin, McCune–Reischauer pin, Yale pin)
|
|
|漓 • (ri>i) · 漓 • (ri>i) (hangeul 리>이, revised ri>i, McCune–Reischauer ri>i, Yale li>i)
|
|
|檳
|Hán-Nôm : lầy
|
|漓
|-
|-
|檸
|漬
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ning⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ning⁴⁻² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lê ‖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zeɡs) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 責 (OC *ʔsreːɡ). This character's phonetic itself has a phonetic, 朿 (MC tshjeH).
|Only used in 檸檬／柠檬 (níngméng); also used as its short form. ‖ (Suzhounese) how
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsù • Middle-Chinese : dzjeH
|to steep; to soak • to be soiled; to be stained • stain
|
|
|soaking, steeping, pickling, pickle
|漬 • (ji) · 漬 • (ji) (hangeul 지, revised ji, McCune–Reischauer chi, Yale ci)
|
|
|檸 (eumhun 레몬 (lemon) 녕 (remon ( lemon ) nyeong), South Korea 레몬 (lemon) 영 (remon ( lemon ) yeong))
|Hán-Nôm : tí • Hán-Nôm : tứ
|Hanja form of 녕 (“lemon”).
|
|
|檸
|漬
|-
|-
|檻
|漱
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haam⁵ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laam⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄢˇㄦ
| ‖ Compare Hokkien 摖 (chhòe, chhè).
|fence • cage (for animal or prisoner) • railing; balustrade • (alt. form 轞／𰺗) prisoner transport cart • Alternative form of 艦／舰 (jiàn, “warship”) ‖ doorsill
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sou³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sòo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suá • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sik • Middle-Chinese : srjuwH • Middle-Chinese : suwH ‖  
| ‖ 檻(おり) • (ori) ^(←をり (wori)?)
|to gargle; to rinse • to wash; to scour ‖ (Teochew) to brush • (Teochew) brush (tool)
| ‖ cage; cell
|
|檻 (eum 함 (ham))
|gargle; wash; rinse
|漱 • (su) · 漱 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu)
|
|
|
|
|
|檻
|漱
|-
|-
|櫂
|漾
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaau⁶
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *laŋs) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 羕 (OC *laŋs)
|(literary) oar • (literary) to row • (literary) boat
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iāng • Middle-Chinese : yangH
| ‖ 櫂(かい) • (kai) ^(←かひ (kafi)?) ‖ 櫂(かじ) • (kaji) ^(←かぢ (kadi)?)
|(of water) to ripple; to undulate • (of liquids) to overflow • (literary) to sway; to float; to be tossed by waves • (literary, of water) vast and long • name of a river
| ‖ oar, paddle ‖ Alternative form of 舵 (“rudder”)
|櫂 (eum 도 (do))
|
|
|
|
|櫂
|漾 (eum 양 (yang))
|-
|櫃
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuī
|cabinet; cupboard • wardrobe • counter • (Hong Kong, Taiwan) Short for 貨櫃／货柜 (huòguì, “shipping container”).
| ‖ 櫃(ひつ) • (hitsu)
| ‖ chest (container) • 御櫃: a round container for cooked rice
|櫃 • (gwe) · 櫃 • (gwe) (hangeul 궤, revised gwe, McCune–Reischauer kwe, Yale kwey)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : dạng
|
|
|櫃
|漾
|-
|-
|櫓
|潘
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lóo
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰaːn) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 番 (OC *paːl, *paːls, *pʰaːn, *pʰan, *ban). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰaːn) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 番 (OC *paːl, *paːls, *pʰaːn, *pʰan, *ban). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰaːn) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 番 (OC *paːl, *paːls, *pʰaːn, *pʰan, *ban).
|scull • large shield
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pun¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phun • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phuann • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phuan • Middle-Chinese : phan ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄢˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄢ
| ‖ 櫓(やぐら) • (yagura)
|(obsolete or Min) water in which rice has been rinsed • a surname • Used in place names. • (Greek mythology) Pan ‖ (obsolete) whirlpool ‖ (obsolete, of water) to overflow
| ‖ watchtower, turret
|櫓 (eumhun 방패 로 (bangpae ro), South Korea 방패 노 (bangpae no))
|Hanja form of 로 (“(North Korea) oar”). • Hanja form of 노 (“(South Korea) oar”).
|
|
|櫓
|water in which rice has been washed
|潘 • (ban, beon) · 潘 • (ban, beon) (hangeul 반, 번, revised ban, beon, McCune–Reischauer pan, pŏn, Yale pan, pen)
|
|Hán-Nôm : phan • Hán-Nôm : Phan
|chữ Hán form of Phan (“a surname”).
|潘
|-
|-
|櫚
|潛
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁵
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zlom, *zloms) : semantic 水 + phonetic 朁 (OC *sʰlɯːmʔ, *zlam).
|Used in 棕櫚／棕榈 (zōnglǘ) and 栟櫚／栟榈 (bīnglǘ). • Used in 花櫚／花榈.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cim⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiâm • Middle-Chinese : dzjem • Middle-Chinese : dzjemH
|to go under water; to move under water • to hide; to conceal • to live in seclusion • to make a concentrated effort • hidden; secret • latent • secretly; stealthily • a surname
|
|
|
|
|櫚 • (ryeo>yeo) · 櫚 • (ryeo>yeo) (hangeul 려>여, revised ryeo>yeo, McCune–Reischauer ryŏ>yŏ, Yale lye>ye)
|潛 • (jam) · 潛 • (jam) (hangeul 잠, revised jam, McCune–Reischauer cham, Yale cam)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tiềm • Hán-Nôm : tèm • Hán-Nôm : tỉm
|
|
|櫚
|潛
|-
|-
|櫛
|潭
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zit³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsit • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sat
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯːm, *lɯmʔ) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 覃 (OC *l'ɯːm). \ A late Old Chinese southern word attested in Chuci. Probably a foreign loan; compare Proto-Kam-Sui *tʰlam¹ (“well; pond; pool”) (Thurgood, 1988). 塘 (OC *l'aːŋ, “embankment; pond”) is perhaps a variant of this word (Schuessler, 2007). \ Alternatively, possibly related to 深 (OC *hljum, *hljums, “deep”). Burmese ထုံး (htum:, “large; pool”) differs in initial and vowel. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯːm, *lɯmʔ) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 覃 (OC *l'ɯːm). \ A late Old Chinese southern word attested in Chuci. Probably a foreign loan; compare Proto-Kam-Sui *tʰlam¹ (“well; pond; pool”) (Thurgood, 1988). 塘 (OC *l'aːŋ, “embankment; pond”) is perhaps a variant of this word (Schuessler, 2007). \ Alternatively, possibly related to 深 (OC *hljum, *hljums, “deep”). Burmese ထုံး (htum:, “large; pool”) differs in initial and vowel. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯːm, *lɯmʔ) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 覃 (OC *l'ɯːm). \ A late Old Chinese southern word attested in Chuci. Probably a foreign loan; compare Proto-Kam-Sui *tʰlam¹ (“well; pond; pool”) (Thurgood, 1988). 塘 (OC *l'aːŋ, “embankment; pond”) is perhaps a variant of this word (Schuessler, 2007). \ Alternatively, possibly related to 深 (OC *hljum, *hljums, “deep”). Burmese ထုံး (htum:, “large; pool”) differs in initial and vowel. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯːm, *lɯmʔ) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 覃 (OC *l'ɯːm). \ A late Old Chinese southern word attested in Chuci. Probably a foreign loan; compare Proto-Kam-Sui *tʰlam¹ (“well; pond; pool”) (Thurgood, 1988). 塘 (OC *l'aːŋ, “embankment; pond”) is perhaps a variant of this word (Schuessler, 2007). \ Alternatively, possibly related to 深 (OC *hljum, *hljums, “deep”). Burmese ထုံး (htum:, “large; pool”) differs in initial and vowel.
|comb • to comb out • to weed out; to eliminate
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taam⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thâm • Middle-Chinese : dom ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣˇ • Middle-Chinese : yimX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄣˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄢˋ
| ‖ 櫛(くし) • (kushi)
|deep pool; lake • (dialectal) pit • (literary) deep; profound • (～州) Tan Prefecture • (～水) Liu River • a surname ‖ Only used in 潭濼／潭泺. ‖ (alt. form 潯／浔) waterside ‖ sound of hitting water
| ‖ comb
|
|櫛 (eum 즐 (jeul))
|
|潭 • (dam) · 潭 • (dam) (hangeul 담, revised dam, McCune–Reischauer tam, Yale tam)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : đàm
|
|
|櫛
|潭
|-
|-
|櫝
|潰
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : duk⁶
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡluːls) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 貴 (OC *kluds).
|box; case; casket • cabinet; wardrobe • closet
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kui² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huē • Middle-Chinese : hwojH
|(of a dike or dam) to break; to burst; to overflow • to break through an encirclement • to be utterly defeated; to be routed • to decompose; to be destroyed • to fester; to ulcerate
| ‖ 潰(かい) • (kai) ^(←くわい (kwai)?)
|burst • break • break down ‖ to crush; to smash
|潰 • (gwe) · 潰 • (gwe) (hangeul 궤, revised gwe, McCune–Reischauer kwe, Yale kwey)
|
|
|cabinet, wardrobe, closet • chest • coffer
|Hán-Nôm : hói • Hán-Nôm : hòi • Hán-Nôm : hội • Hán-Nôm : khùy • Hán-Nôm : khuỳ • Hán-Nôm : khụy • Hán-Nôm : khuỵ • Hán-Nôm : khủy • Hán-Nôm : khuỷ • Hán-Nôm : khũy • Hán-Nôm : khuỹ
|櫝 (eum 독 (dok))
|box • coffin
|
|
|櫝
|潰
|-
|-
|櫥
|澈
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyu⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tû
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ded) : semantic 水 (“water”) + abbreviated phonetic 徹 (OC *tʰed)
|cabinet; wardrobe; cupboard
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cit³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : theh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tia̍t • Middle-Chinese : drjet
|
|(of liquid) clear; limpid • Alternative form of 徹／彻 (chè, “thorough”) • (Eastern Min, Leizhou Min, Hainanese, Hokkien) clean
|
|
|
|
|澈 (eumhun 물 맑을 철 (mul malgeul cheol))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : triệt
|
|
|櫥
|澈
|-
|-
|欖
|澎
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laam² • Cantonese · Jyutping : laam⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ná • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lám
| ‖  ‖
|(in compounds or dialectal) olive
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄥˊ • Middle-Chinese : phjaeng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄥˊ • Middle-Chinese : baeng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄥ
|Only used in 澎湃 (pēngpài) and 澎濞 (pēngpì). ‖ Alternative form of 膨 (“expand”) ‖ to splatter
|
|
|
|
|欖 • (ram>nam) · 欖 • (ram>nam) (hangeul 람>남, revised ram>nam, McCune–Reischauer ram>nam, Yale lam>nam)
|澎 • (paeng) · 澎 • (paeng) (hangeul 팽, revised paeng, McCune–Reischauer p'aeng, Yale phayng)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : bành
|
|
|欖
|澎
|-
|-
|欧
|澡
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔslaːwʔ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 喿 (OC *saːws). \ Compare Mizo su, sûk (“to wash”), though the vowel in these forms do not correspond well with the Old Chinese form (Schuessler, 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄠˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsó • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsáu • Middle-Chinese : tsawX
|(literary) to wash one's hands • to bathe; to wash
|
|
|bathe; wash
|澡 • (jo) · 澡 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho, Yale co)
|
|
| ‖ 欧(おう) • (ō) ‖ 欧(おう) • (Ō)
|Hán-Nôm : tảo
|Europe ‖ Short for ヨーロッパ／欧羅巴 (Yōroppa, “Europe (a continent)”). ‖ Short for ヨーロッパ／欧羅巴 (Yōroppa, “Europe (a continent)”).
|
|
|澡
|-
|澤
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rlaːɡ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 睪 (OC *neb, *laːɡ, *kuː).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaak⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ti̍k • Middle-Chinese : draek
|pool; pond • moist; damp • brilliance; luster; shine • beneficence; grace; favor • a surname
|
|
|swamp
|澤 (eumhun 못 택 (mot taek))
|hanja form of 택 (“marsh”)
|Hán-Nôm : rạch • Hán-Nôm : trạch • Hán-Nôm : chích
|
|
|欧
|澤
|-
|-
|欽
|澳
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jam¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khim
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *quːɡs, *quɡ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 奧 (OC *quːɡs) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *quːɡs, *quɡ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 奧 (OC *quːɡs)
|to respect; to admire; to venerate • respectful • by the emperor personally • (obsolete) bent; twisted • a surname
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ou³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : àu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ò • Middle-Chinese : 'awH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : juk¹ • Middle-Chinese : 'juwk
|inlet of the sea where ships can anchor; bay • Short for 澳大利亞／澳大利亚 (Àodàlìyà).: Australia (A country in Oceania comprising the islands of Australia, Tasmania and other smaller islands in the Pacific Ocean, as well as its precursor colony in the British Empire) • Short for 澳門／澳门 (Àomén, “Macau”). ‖ (alt. form 隩) riverbank where the river bends
|
|
|curving shoreline • bend in river
|澳 • (o, uk) · 澳 • (o, uk) (hangeul 오, 욱, McCune–Reischauer o, uk, Yale o, wuk)
|
|
|欽 • (heum) · 欽 • (heum) (hangeul 흠, revised heum, McCune–Reischauer hŭm, Yale hum)
|Hán-Nôm : áo • Hán-Nôm : úc
|
|
|澳
|-
|濃
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *noŋ) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 農 (OC *nuːŋ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-naːŋ (“heavy; thick, viscous”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄨㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lông • Middle-Chinese : nrjowng
|thick; concentrated • (of colors) deep • (of beverage) strong; concentrated
| ‖ 濃(のう) • (nō) ‖ 濃(こ) • (ko-)
|dark • thick ‖ dark color ‖ dark color
|
|
|欽
|
|Hán-Nôm : nùng • Hán-Nôm : nống • Hán-Nôm : nồng • Hán-Nôm : nông
|
|濃
|-
|-
|歎
|濟
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taan³
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsliːlʔ, *ʔsliːls) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 齊 (OC *zliːl, *zliːls). \ Austroasiatic. Base form, without nominal n-infix, of 西 (OC *snə̂i) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for etymology. \ 津 (OC *ʔslin) is its n-nominalized derivative (ibid.). ‖  ‖ Yue-Hashimoto (1976) relates it to Proto-Tai *ʰlaːjᴬ (“many; much”), whence Zhuang lai. This Tai word is probably related to 多 (OC *ʔl'aːl) (Schuessler, 2007).
|Alternative form of 嘆 (tàn, “to sigh; to chant; to praise”) • one of 24 literary genres from the Zhou dynasty • a surname.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zai³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsè • Middle-Chinese : tsejH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zai² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsé • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsè • Middle-Chinese : tsejX ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuě • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tserē
| ‖  
|to cross a river; to ferry • to help; to aid; to relieve • to be of help; useful ‖ (～水) Ji River • Used in 濟濟／济济 (jǐjǐ, “horde of people; multitude”). ‖ (Min) many; much
| ‖
|歎 (eumhun 탄식할 탄 (tansikhal tan))
|Hanja form of 탄 (“sigh”).
|
|
|歎
|Kyūjitai form of 済
|濟 (eumhun 건널 제 (geonneol je))
|hanja form of 제 (“to help; to aid; to relieve”) • (literary) hanja form of 제 (“to cross a river”) • (literary) hanja form of 제 (“many”)
|canonical : 濟: Hán Việt readings: tế 濟: Nôm readings: tế
|chữ Hán form of tế (“to help; to aid; to relieve”).
|濟
|-
|-
|歟
|瀑
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : û
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːwɢs, *boːɡ) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 暴 (OC *boːwɢs, *boːɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːwɢs, *boːɡ) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 暴 (OC *boːwɢs, *boːɡ).
|used for expressing an exclamatory, doubtful or questioning tone
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : buk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : po̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pho̍k • Middle-Chinese : buwk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bou⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pō • Middle-Chinese : bawH
| ‖  
|waterfall ‖ heavy rain • (～河) (river in Henan province)
| ‖  
|歟 (eum 여 (yeo))
|
|
|waterfall, cascade
|瀑 • (pok, po) · 瀑 • (pok, po) (hangeul 폭, 포, revised pok, po, McCune–Reischauer p'ok, p'o, Yale phok, pho)
|waterfall, cascade • heavy rain
|Hán-Nôm : bộc
|
|
|歟
|瀑
|-
|-
|歿
|灌
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mut⁶
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koːns) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 雚 (OC *koːns).
|(literary) to die • Alternative form of 沒／没 · to sink • Alternative form of 沒／没 · to have no
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gun³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuàn • Middle-Chinese : kwanH
| ‖ 歿(ぼつ) • (-botsu)
|to fill (with liquid); to pour • to irrigate; to water • to record (music) • (Taiwan) to install (software)
|to die ‖ died in
|歿 • (mol) · 歿 • (mol) (hangeul 몰, revised mol, McCune–Reischauer mol, Yale mol)
|
|
|to pour
|灌 • (gwan) · 灌 • (gwan) (hangeul 관)
|pour • water • irrigate, flood
|Hán-Nôm : quán
|
|
|歿
|灌
|-
|-
|残
|灶
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 火 (“fire”) + 土 (“soil”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsàu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsòo • Middle-Chinese : tsawH
|kitchen range • kitchen • (Chinese folk religion) kitchen god
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ‖ 残(ざん) • (zan) ‖ 残(ざん) • (zan)
|Hán-Nôm : táo • Hán-Nôm : bếp
| ‖ the remainder; leftover; residue ‖ remain, remaining • damage, damaged, defective • cruel
|
|
|灶
|-
|灸
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄡˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kù • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiù • Middle-Chinese : kjuwX • Middle-Chinese : kjuwH
|cauterize with moxa or mugwort • moxibustion
| ‖ 灸(きゅう) • (kyū) ^(←きう (kiu)?) ‖ 灸(やいと) • (yaito) ^(←やいと (yaito)?)
| ‖ moxibustion ‖ Same as above.
|灸 • (gu) · 灸 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu)
|(뜸) moxibustion
|Hán-Nôm : cứu
|
|
|残
|灸
|-
|-
|殤
|灼
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : soeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siong
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pljewɢ) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 勺 (OC *pljewɢ, *bljewɢ).
|(literary) to die young; to die whilst a child • (literary) a person who has died young • (literary) mourning for such a death • (literary) to die in battle • (literary) a person who has died in battle
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoek³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coek³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsioh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiak • Middle-Chinese : tsyak
|to burn; to scorch • to broil; to roast • to cauterize • bright; shining; luminous • Used in 灼然 (zhuórán, “obvious; clear”).
|
|
|
|
|殤 (eum 상 (sang))
|灼 • (jak, sa) · 灼 • (jak, sa) (hangeul 작, 사, revised jak, sa, McCune–Reischauer chak, sa, Yale cak, sa)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : chước
|
|
|殤
|灼
|-
|-
|殮
|炒
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lim⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lim⁶
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰroːʔ) : semantic 火 + phonetic 少 (OC *hmjewʔ, *hmjews).
|to put a dead body into a coffin
|Cantonese · Jyutping : caau² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄠˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshá • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsháu • Middle-Chinese : tsrhaewX
|to stir fry; to sauté • (slang) to sack; to fire (short for 炒魷魚／炒鱿鱼 (chǎo yóuyú)) • (originally Cantonese) to speculate in • (Hong Kong Cantonese, of machines) to crash • (Hong Kong Cantonese) to perform badly (in a test or exam) • (Hong Kong Cantonese, transitive, in matches or competitions) to win (someone)
|
|
|
|to encoffin
|炒 • (cho) · 炒 • (cho) (hangeul 초, revised cho, McCune–Reischauer ch'o, Yale cho)
|殮 • (ryeom>yeom) · 殮 • (ryeom>yeom) (hangeul 렴>염, revised ryeom>yeom, McCune–Reischauer ryŏm>yŏm, Yale lyem>yem)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : sao • Hán-Nôm : xào • Hán-Nôm : xáo
|
|
|殮
|炒
|-
|-
|殯
|炕
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ban³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pìn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pin
|Compare Burmese ကင် (kang, “to roast, toast”). ‖
|to lay a coffin in a memorial hall; to encoffin a corpse • to carry the body to the bury place or crematorium; to carry to burial • prepared, but not buried corpse
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kong³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hong³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khòng • Middle-Chinese : khangH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄤ • Middle-Chinese : xang
|
|kang; heatable brick bed • (dialectal) to bake or dry by the heat of a fire; to toast • Alternative form of 抗 (kàng, “to raise; to lift”) ‖ (obsolete) to open
|(Shinto) A funerary practice of enshrining the deceased in a casket at a special location during a period of mourning before a formal burial, specifically for royalty or nobility
|殯 (eum 빈 (bin))
|
|
|the brick-bed in northern China
|炕 • (hang) · 炕 • (hang) (hangeul 항, revised hang, McCune–Reischauer hang, Yale hang)
|hypocaust • hypocaust floor
|canonical : 炕: Hán Việt readings: kháng
|
|
|殯
|炕
|-
|-
|殲
|炫
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cim¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiam • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiam
|Related to 熒 (OC *ɡʷeːŋ) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for more.
|to annihilate; to wipe out; to kill off; to destroy
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiān • Middle-Chinese : hwenH
|to show off; to boast • to shine; to dazzle • to puzzle • bravery
|
|
|annihilate, eradicate, wipe out
|shine • glitter • show off • flaunt
|殲 (eumhun 다죽일 섬 (dajugil seom))
|炫 (eum 현 (hyeon))
|Hanja form of 섬 (“annihilation”).
|shine • glitter • show off • flaunt
|canonical : 炫: Hán Việt readings: huyễn
|
|
|殲
|炫
|-
|-
|殴
|炬
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡaʔ) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 巨 (OC *ɡaʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kǐr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kîr • Middle-Chinese : gjoX
|torch • candle
| ‖
| ‖
|炬 • (geo) · 炬 • (geo) (hangeul 거, revised geo, McCune–Reischauer kŏ, Yale ke)
|
|
|canonical : 炬: Hán Việt readings: cự
|
|
|炬
|-
|炮
|Characters in the same phonetic series (勹) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰruːs, *bruː) : semantic 火 + phonetic 包 (OC *pruː). ‖  ‖
|Cantonese · Jyutping : paau³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phàu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phauh • Middle-Chinese : phaewH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paau⁴ • Middle-Chinese : baew ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baau³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baau¹
|large gun; cannon; artillery • firecracker • (Cantonese, colloquial) gun (Classifier: 支 c; 條／条 c) • (xiangqi) cannon • (Quanzhou Hokkien) to talk big ‖ (historical) to wrap hirsute meat with mud and roast it on fire • (by extension) to roast; to burn • (traditional Chinese medicine) to prepare herbal medicine by roasting or parching • Alternative form of 庖 (páo, “chef”) ‖ (cooking) to quick-fry (meat); to sauté • to dry by heat
|
|
|to hit
|sear • roast, burn
|炮 • (po) · 炮 • (po) (hangeul 포)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : pháo • Hán-Nôm : than • Hán-Nôm : bác • Hán-Nôm : bào
|
|
|
|炮
|殴
|-
|-
|毁
|炸
|
| ‖
|Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsà • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsèe ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsa̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsia̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshia
|to explode; to burst • to blow up; to bomb • (colloquial) to fly into a rage ‖ to fry in oil; to deep-fry
|
|
|
|
|炸 • (jak) · 炸 • (jak) (hangeul 작)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tạc
|
|
|炸
|-
|為
|Characters in the same phonetic series (爲) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Simplified from 爲. \ In the oracle bone script, it is an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 又 (“hand”) + 象 (“elephant”) — a hand holding an elephant. The 又 later became 爪 (“hand; claw”). \ Shuowen Jiezi interprets the character as a representation of the female macaque. \ The two pronunciations below (“to make; to do; to be”, “for; to; because”) are cognate; the latter is the *–s derivative of the former. Words meaning “to make, to do” often have secondary meanings of “for, as” – compare 作. \ Etymology not certain. Starostin compared this word with Tibetan བགྱིད (bgyid, “to make, to manufacture”), བགྱི་བ (bgyi ba, “action, deed”), ཡིན (yin, “is, be”) and Burmese ဝေ (we, “to distribute, to share”). Schuessler (2007) listed *ʔaajh (“to give”) (> Khmer ឲ្យ (ʼaoy, “to give, to donate”)) and Khmer ធ្វើ (thvəə, “to do, to make”), although the vowels do not match. \ The graphic representation using a monkey or an elephant probably stems from a homophonic or near-homophonic etymon which was rarely attested; compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b/g-woj-n > Jingpho woi (“monkey”) and possibly 猿 (OC *ɢʷan, “ape”). STEDT considers this word to be a possible descendant of Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-gwi(j) (“elephant”). Outside Sino-Tibetan, compare Proto-Vietic *-vɔːj (“elephant”) > Vietnamese voi (“elephant”). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (爲) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Simplified from 爲. \ In the oracle bone script, it is an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 又 (“hand”) + 象 (“elephant”) — a hand holding an elephant. The 又 later became 爪 (“hand; claw”). \ Shuowen Jiezi interprets the character as a representation of the female macaque. \ The two pronunciations below (“to make; to do; to be”, “for; to; because”) are cognate; the latter is the *–s derivative of the former. Words meaning “to make, to do” often have secondary meanings of “for, as” – compare 作. \ Etymology not certain. Starostin compared this word with Tibetan བགྱིད (bgyid, “to make, to manufacture”), བགྱི་བ (bgyi ba, “action, deed”), ཡིན (yin, “is, be”) and Burmese ဝေ (we, “to distribute, to share”). Schuessler (2007) listed *ʔaajh (“to give”) (> Khmer ឲ្យ (ʼaoy, “to give, to donate”)) and Khmer ធ្វើ (thvəə, “to do, to make”), although the vowels do not match. \ The graphic representation using a monkey or an elephant probably stems from a homophonic or near-homophonic etymon which was rarely attested; compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b/g-woj-n > Jingpho woi (“monkey”) and possibly 猿 (OC *ɢʷan, “ape”). STEDT considers this word to be a possible descendant of Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-gwi(j) (“elephant”). Outside Sino-Tibetan, compare Proto-Vietic *-vɔːj (“elephant”) > Vietnamese voi (“elephant”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uî • Middle-Chinese : hjwe ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uī • Middle-Chinese : hjweH
|to do; to make • to administer; to govern • to construct; to make • to become; to turn into • to be (equivalent to, equal to) • to take something as • to act as; to serve as; to behave as • by • Suffix used after a single-character adjective to form an adverb • Suffix used after a single-character adverb for emphasis ‖ for • because of • for the sake of • (literary) to
| ‖ 為(い) • (i) ^(←ゐ (wi)?) ‖ 為(い) • (i) ^(←ゐ (wi)?)
| ‖ the twelfth string on a 箏 (koto, “Japanese zither”) • a fingering method for playing the 尺八 (shakuhachi, “Japanese endblown flute”) ‖ do, perform, carry out
|為 (eumhun 할 위 (hal wi))
|Alternative form of 爲 (“to do; act”)
|Hán-Nôm : vi • Hán-Nôm : vị • Hán-Nôm : vĩ
|
|
|為
|-
|烏
|Pictogram (象形) – a bird. Compare 鳥 (“bird”), of similar development. \ ; “crow; black; dark” \ : Schuessler (2007) considers it to be onomatopoeic, and compares it with Proto-Loloish *akᴸ (“crow”). \ : “Black; dark” is a semantic extension of “crow” – “black as a crow”. Compare 黑 (OC *hmlɯːɡ, “black”), which is cognate with 墨 (OC *mlɯːɡ, “ink”). \ ; “sun” \ ; interrogative pronoun
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : oo • Middle-Chinese : 'u
|crow; raven; rook • (obsolete, metonymically) sun • (literary or in compounds or Hakka, Min) black; dark • (literary) to dye black • (literary) An interrogative pronoun with a variety of meanings, including "how", "why", "where", etc. • Short for 烏克蘭／乌克兰 (Wūkèlán, “Ukraine”). • a surname
| ‖ 烏(う) • (u)
| ‖ crow; raven • black; dark • (figuratively) sun • A Chinese interrogative for rhetorical questions.
|烏 • (o) · 烏 • (o) (hangeul 오, revised o, McCune–Reischauer o, Yale o) ‖  ‖ 烏(がらすぃ) (garasï)
|hanja form of 오 (“crow”) ‖ 烏 \  • 烏 \  ‖ crow, raven
|Hán-Nôm : ô
|
|
|毁
|烏
|-
|-
|毋
|烘
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : m̄
| ‖
|(literary) do not, don't • (literary or Hakka, Hokkien) not • (literary) Alternative form of 無／无 (“to not have”) • a surname
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hong³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hong • Middle-Chinese : huwng • Middle-Chinese : xuwng • Middle-Chinese : huwngH • Middle-Chinese : xuwngH ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : hung⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung³
|(literal) to bake; to roast • (literal) to dry by fire or heat • (figurative) to set off; to play up; to showcase; to highlight ‖ (Cantonese) mark of different colour, especially one that is due to contact with other objects
|
|
|do not, must not, be not • "mother" radical
|毋 • (mu) · 毋 • (mu) (hangeul 무, revised mu, McCune–Reischauer mu, Yale mu)
|do not • not • surname • rad. 80
|chữ Hán form of vô (“don't, no need”).
|毋
|-
|毓
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : juk¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : juk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : io̍k
|(formal) to give birth; to procreate; to foster; to rear; to bring up • a surname
|
|
|kyūjitai form of 育
|烘 • (hong) · 烘 • (hong) (hangeul 홍, revised hong, McCune–Reischauer hong, Yale hong)
|毓 (eum 육 (yuk))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : hồng
|
|
|毓
|烘
|-
|-
|毗
|烙
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pí
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·raːɡ) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 各 (OC *klaːɡ). \ Compare Thai คลอก (klɔ̂ɔk, “to burn”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ From Hokkien 落 (làu).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄠˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lok³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lok⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lo̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lō • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lo̍k • Middle-Chinese : lak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄠˋ
|to brand; to mark on livestock with hot metallic object • to iron • to pan-fry • to burn; to cauterize ‖ (Taiwanese Mandarin) to show off (one's abilities in a language)
|
|
|
|
|help • assist • connect • adjoin
|烙 • (rak>nak) · 烙 • (rak>nak) (hangeul 락>낙)
|毗 (eum 비 (bi))
|to burn • to brand
|help, assist • connect, adjoin
|Hán-Nôm : lạc
|
|
|毗
|烙
|-
|-
|毽
|烤
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˋㄦ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gin³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiàn ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : jin³⁻²
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰluːʔ) : semantic 火 + phonetic 考 (OC *kʰluːʔ). \ Originally 熇.
|shuttlecock used in jianzi sport ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 燕 (jin³⁻², “shuttlecock used in jianzi sport”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haau¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khónn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khó
|to roast; to bake; to toast • to dry using fire • to heat oneself up
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : khảo • Hán-Nôm : khão
|
|
|毽
|烤
|-
|-
|氐
|烹
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dai¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : te ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dai² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : té ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pqʰraːŋ) : phonetic 亨 (OC *qʰaŋʔ, *pqʰraːŋ, *qʰraːŋ) + semantic 灬.
|Di (ethnic group) • (～宿) (Chinese astronomy) Root (one of Twenty-Eight Mansions) • Original form of 低 (dī, “to lower; to bow”). • Original form of 低 (dī, “cheap; inexpensive”). ‖ (literary) Original form of 柢 (dǐ, “root of a tree”). • (literary) Original form of 柢 (dǐ, “basis; fundamental”). • (literary) Original form of 抵 (dǐ, “to reach; to arrive”). • (literary) Original form of 抵 (dǐ, “to match; to be equal to”). ‖ Only used in 氐池 (“an ancient county”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paang¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phng
| ‖ 氐(てい) • (Tei)
|to boil; to cook • (historical) to boil somebody alive (a punishment in imperial China) • to forge; to smelt • (cooking) to fry quickly in hot oil and stir in sauce • to brew; to infuse
|Di (ancient ethnic group in western China) ‖ (Chinese astronomy) Root, one of the Twenty-Eight Mansions • (historical) Di: an ancient ethnic group in western China
|
|氐 (eum 저 (jeo))
|boil, simmer
|foundation; basis; origin
|烹 • (paeng) · 烹 • (paeng) (hangeul 팽, revised paeng, McCune–Reischauer p'aeng, Yale phayng)
|
|
|
|氐
|烹 (phanh, phừng)
|烹
|-
|-
|氖
|焊
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄞˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naai⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nái
|
|(chemistry) neon
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hon⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hon² • Cantonese · Jyutping : hon⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huānn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hān • Middle-Chinese : xanX
|to weld; to solder
|
|
|
|
|氖 • (nae) · 氖 • (nae) (hangeul 내, revised nae, McCune–Reischauer nae, Yale nay)
|
|
|
|
|氖
|Hán-Nôm : hàn • Hán-Nôm : hãn
|
|焊
|-
|-
|氟
|焚
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fat¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hu̍t
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 火 (“fire”) + 林 (“trees”).
|(chemistry) fluorine
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hûn • Middle-Chinese : bjun
|to burn
|
|
|fluorine
|氟 • (bul) · 氟 • (bul) (hangeul 불, revised bul, McCune–Reischauer pul, Yale pul)
|
|
|焚 (eumhun 불사를 분 (bulsareul bun))
|hanja form of 분 (“burn”)
|Hán-Nôm : phàn • Hán-Nôm : phần • Hán-Nôm : phừng
|
|
|氟
|焚
|-
|-
|氤
|焰
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan¹
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *loms) : phonetic 臽 (OC *kʰloːmʔ, *ɡroːms) + semantic 火 (“fire”)
|(literary) misty and heavy atmosphere • Only used in 氤氳／氤氲 (yīnyūn).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iām • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iānn • Middle-Chinese : yemH
|flame
|
|
|flame • blaze • glowing • blazing
|焰 (eumhun 불꽃 염 (bulkkot yeom))
|hanja form of 염 (“flame; blaze; glowing”)
|Hán-Nôm : diệm • Hán-Nôm : diễm • Hán-Nôm : diêm • Hán-Nôm : dim
|
|
|氤 (eum 인 (in))
|焰
|-
|煌
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷaːŋ) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 皇 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ). \ Probably Sino-Tibetan; compare Burmese လွင် (lwang, “vivid”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ 皇 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ, “royal”) may be the same word (ibid.). \ It may be related to 光 (OC *kʷaːŋ, *kʷaːŋs, “light; bright”) (Wang, 1982; Schuessler, 2007). Wang (1982) additionally relates it to 景 (OC *kraŋʔ, “bright; sunlight”), 鏡 (OC *kraŋs, “mirror”), 晃 (OC *ɡʷaːŋʔ, “bright”), 曠 (OC *kʰʷaːŋs, “bright”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hông • Middle-Chinese : hwang
|bright; brilliant
|
|
|bright • glittering • gleaming
|煌 • (hwang) · 煌 • (hwang) (hangeul 황, revised hwang, McCune–Reischauer hwang, Yale hwang)
|
|
|氤
|canonical : 煌: Hán Việt readings: hoàng
|-
|氦
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hāi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hǎi
|(chemistry) helium
|
|
|helium, He
|煌
|氦 • (hae) · 氦 • (hae) (hangeul 해)
|helium
|
|氦
|-
|-
|氫
|煞
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hing¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khin
|Alternative form of 殺／杀. \ From 殺／杀 (shā). ‖ Alternative form of 殺／杀. \ From 殺／杀 (shā).
|(chemistry) hydrogen • hydrogen gas
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saat³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suà • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sat • Middle-Chinese : sreat ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saat³
|Alternative form of 殺／杀 (“to kill”) • to stop; to halt • to weaken; to reduce • to tighten • (Northern Wu) to satisfy; to quench (esp. a desire) • (Hokkien) to end; to conclude; to terminate; to finish • (Hokkien) to stop and give up; to abandon; to leave it be; to leave it at that • (Hokkien) to prevent; to restrain; to suppress; to hold back • (Hokkien) unexpectedly; surprisingly; instead • (Hokkien) how; how can it be that (used in rhetorical questions) • (Mainland China Hokkien) at once; immediately • (Taiwanese Hokkien) to be wounded by evil spirits • (Taiwanese Hokkien) demon; fiend; devil ‖ evil spirit; demon • very • (literary) what • (obsolete) although
|
|
|
|
|氫 • (gyeong) · 氫 • (gyeong) (hangeul 경, McCune–Reischauer kyŏng, Yale kyeng)
|煞 • (sal) · 煞 • (sal) (hangeul 살, revised sal, McCune–Reischauer sal, Yale sal)
|
|
|canonical : 煞: Hán Việt readings: sát
|
|
|氫
|煞
|-
|-
|氷
|煤
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mɯː) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 某 (OC *mɯʔ). \ Sino-Tibetan. Schuessler (2007) proposes two possibilities: \ * Cognate with Proto-Lolo-Burmese *ʔ-mu² (“soot; acrid (smoke)”). If related, a merger of Minimal Old Chinese *ə with *o must have occurred. \ * Cognate with Mizo mang (maŋᴿ), man (manᴸ, “sooty”), Mizo mang (maŋᴴ, “partially burnt wood”). \ 文 (OC *mɯn) may be a derivation with -n nominal suffix. 黑 (OC *hmlɯːɡ, “black”) may be an allofam. Unrelated to 晦 (OC *hmɯːs, “dark”) according to Schuessler (2007).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : mui⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄟˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : muî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : muê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : buê • Middle-Chinese : mwoj
|coal (Classifier: 塊／块 m c; 嚿 c) • ^† dust of smoke; soot • ^† ink
| ‖ 煤(すす) • (susu) ‖ 煤(ばい) • (bai)
| ‖ soot (fine particles of amorphous carbon and tar) • sooted dirt or dust accumulated in ceilings, walls, etc. • Short for 煤色 (susuiro): a shade of black as in the color of soot ‖ soot • coal
|煤 (eumhun 그을음 매 (geueureum mae))
|hanja form of 매 (“soot”)
|Hán-Nôm : môi • Hán-Nôm : muồi • Hán-Nôm : mai
|
|
|
|煤
| ‖ 氷(こおり) • (kōri) ^(←こほり (kofori)?) ‖ 氷(こおり) • (Kōri) ^(←こほり (kofori)?) ‖ 氷(ひ) • (hi) ‖ 氷(ひょう) • (hyō)
| ‖ ice (frozen water) • a cold and sharp object, as a shard of ice • Short for 氷水 (kōrimizu): ice water; water filled with ice • Short for 氷襲 (kōrigasane): layered clothing with the front shining white and plain white at the back ‖ a female given name • a surname ‖ ice (frozen water) • hail (precipitated ice) ‖ ice • freeze, congeal • icy, cold
|氷 (eumhun 얼음 빙 (eoreum bing))
|Hanja form of 빙 (“ice”).
|
|氷
|-
|-
|汀
|煽
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ting¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ding¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thing ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄥˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄥˋ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hljen, *hljens) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 扇 (OC *hljen, *hljens).
|islet; shore, sandbar, shoal, sandbank ‖ Only used in 汀瀅. ‖ Only used in 汀濘.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siàn • Middle-Chinese : syen • Middle-Chinese : syenH
| ‖
|to fan; to invigorate fire • to incite; to instigate; to provoke
|beach, shore, water's edge ‖
|汀 (eumhun 물가 정 (mulga jeong))
|Hanja form of 정 (“shore”).
|
|
|汀
|(literal) to fan; to flap • (figurative) to agitate; to stir up • to incite; to provoke; to instigate • to flatter
|煽 (eumhun 부칠 선 (buchil seon))
|hanja form of 선 (“to fan”)
|canonical : 煽: Hán Việt readings: phiến 煽: Nôm readings: phiến
|chữ Hán form of phiến (“fanning flames”).
|煽
|-
|-
|汐
|熄
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zik⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si̍k
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *slɯɡ) : semantic 火 + phonetic 息 (OC *slɯɡ)
|evening tide; night tides; ebb
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sit • Middle-Chinese : sik
|to extinguish (light or fire); to go out • (Cantonese) to turn off; to switch off
|
|
|eventide • tide • salt water • opportunity
|cessation, disappearance, extinction
|汐 (eumhun 조수 석 (josu seok))
|熄 • (sik) · 熄 • (sik) (hangeul 식, revised sik, McCune–Reischauer sik, Yale sik)
|Hanja form of 석 (“night tides”).
|put out, extinguish • quash
|Hán-Nôm : tức • Hán-Nôm : tắt
|
|
|汐
|熄
|-
|-
|汕
|熔
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suànn
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *loŋ) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 容 (OC *loŋ)
|(of fish) moving • basket for catching fish • to catch fish • to rinse • Short for 汕頭／汕头 (Shàntóu).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iûnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iônn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iâunn
|
|to melt by heat; to turn solid into liquid by heat
|
|
|汕 • (san) · 汕 • (san) (hangeul 산, revised san, McCune–Reischauer san, Yale san)
|melt, fuse
|熔 • (yong) · 熔 • (yong) (hangeul 용, revised yong, McCune–Reischauer yong, Yale yong)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : dong • Hán-Nôm : dung • Hán-Nôm : nung
|
|
|汕
|熔
|-
|-
|汚
|熙
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰlɯ) : phonetic 巸 (OC *lɯ) + semantic 灬 (“fire”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰlɯ) : phonetic 巸 (OC *lɯ) + semantic 灬 (“fire”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hi • Middle-Chinese : xi ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˊ
|bright; splendid; glorious ‖ a surname.
|
|
|bright; prosperous; merry
|熙 • (hui) · 熙 • (hui) (hangeul 희, revised hui, McCune–Reischauer hŭi, Yale huy)
|
|
| ‖ 汚(お) • (o) ^(←を (wo)?)
|Hán-Nôm : hây • Hán-Nôm : hy • Hán-Nôm : hi
|dirty • pollute • disgrace • rape • defile ‖ dirty
|汚 (eumhun 더러울 오 (deoreoul o))
|Hanja form of 오 (“dirty”).
|
|
|汚
|熙
|-
|-
|污
|熬
|From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-ŋaw (“to fry; to roast”); cognate with Tibetan རྔོ (rngo, “to fry”), Chepang ङाव्सा (ŋaw, “to fry; to parch; to roast”), Tangut 𗲔 (*ŋur¹, “pancake”) (STEDT; Benedict, 1972; Coblin, 1986; Schuessler, 2007; Jacques, 2014). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngou⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngaau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gôo • Middle-Chinese : ngaw ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˊ
|to cook something on slow fire; to extract something using heat • (figurative) to endure • a surname: Ao ‖ to stew (vegetables, etc.) in water; to boil; to simmer
|
|
|parch • roast
|熬 (eum 오 (o))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : ngao
|
|
|熬
|-
|燈
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tɯːŋ) : semantic 火 (“candlelight”) + phonetic 登 (OC *tɯːŋ). \ ; to jinx
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄥㄦ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄣ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ting • Middle-Chinese : tong
|lamp; light; lantern (for illumination) (Classifier: 盞／盏 m c h; 眼 c; 支 mn) • lamp (for heating) • (Hong Kong Cantonese) traffic lights (Classifier: 支 c) • (Hong Kong Cantonese, neologism) to jinx; to make incorrect predictions • (Hong Kong Cantonese, neologism) tending to jinx
|
|
|污 • (o) · 污 • (o) (hangeul 오, revised o, McCune–Reischauer o, Yale o)
|
|
|燈 (eumhun 등 등 (deung deung))
|hanja form of 등 (“lamp, lantern, light”)
|Hán-Nôm : đăng
|
|
|污
|燈
|-
|-
|汲
|燒
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kap¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khip
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hŋjew, *hŋjaws) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 堯 (OC *ŋeːw). \ From 蕘 (OC *ŋjew, “firewood; fuel”) with causative devoicing (Schuessler, 2007).
|to draw water from a well • Used in 汲取 (jíqǔ, “to draw (from a lesson, experience, etc.)”). • (obsolete) to guide; to assist • (obsolete) to nominate; to recommend a person • Used in 汲汲 (jíjí). • a surname
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄠ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sio • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siau • Middle-Chinese : syew • Middle-Chinese : syewH
|to burn • to heat up; to make warm • to burn; to corrode • to roast; to grill; to braise • to stew after frying, or to fry after stewing • to cook (food) • (of a fuse) to blow • (medicine) to have a fever; to run a temperature • (medicine) fever; temperature • (colloquial) bigheaded; conceited and forgetting oneself due to having too many resources (money etc.) • (dialectal Mandarin, Gan, Hakka, Jin) boiling hot; scalding hot • (Hakka, Northern Min, Southern Min, Malaysian and Singapore Mandarin) hot; having a high temperature (distinguished from 熱／热, which describes weather) • (Cantonese) to set off (firecrackers, fireworks, etc.) • (Cantonese, electronics) to burn out • (Sichuanese) to smoke • (Sichuanese) to trick; to deceive • (Sichuanese) to ridicule; to roast • (Internet slang) to cause flaming; to cause controversy • (Mainland China, Internet slang) Alternative form of 騷／骚 (sāo, “flirty; provocative”)
|
|
|(of water) to draw; to scoop; to ladle; to pump • (of feelings) to understand; to consider
|burn • grill
|汲 • (geup) · 汲 • (geup) (hangeul 급, revised geup, McCune–Reischauer kŭp, Yale kup)
|燒 (eumhun 불사를 소 (bulsareul so))
|to draw water from a well
|hanja form of 소 (“burn; fire”)
|Hán-Nôm : thiêu • Hán-Nôm : thiếu • Hán-Nôm : thiu • Hán-Nôm : sao
|
|
|汲
|燒
|-
|-
|汾
|營
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hun • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hûn
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷeŋ) : abbreviated phonetic 熒 (OC *ɡʷeːŋ) + abbreviated semantic 宮 (“palace”), depicting a person working all night with a light on his house.
|(～河) river in Shanxi province
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iânn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : îng • Middle-Chinese : yweng
|encampment; barracks • (military) battalion • camp; activity; event • to encamp • to build; to construct • to operate; to run • to manage; to handle • to seek for; to seek • to measure
|
|
|Kyūjitai form of 営
|營 (eumhun 경영할 영 (gyeong'yeonghal yeong))
|hanja form of 영 (“encampment; barracks”) • hanja form of 영 (“to manage; to operate”) • hanja form of 영 (“to build; to construct”)
|Hán-Nôm : dinh • Hán-Nôm : doanh
|
|
|汾 • (bun) · 汾 • (bun) (hangeul 분, revised bun, McCune–Reischauer pun, Yale pun)
|營
|-
|燭
|Compare Tibetan དུགས་པ (dugs pa, “to make warm, to warm, to light”) and Burmese တောက် (tauk, “to shine, to illuminate, to make fire”) (Hill, 2019).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zuk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiok • Middle-Chinese : tsyowk
|candle; taper • to shine; to illuminate • (Taiwanese Hokkien) candlepower (unit)
| ‖ 燭(しょく) • (shoku) ‖ 燭(しょく) • (-shoku)
| ‖ a light (source of illumination) • a candlepower ‖ a candlepower
|燭 • (chok) · 燭 • (chok) (hangeul 촉)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : chúc • Hán-Nôm : đuốc
|
|
|汾
|燭
|-
|-
|沅
|爐
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : guán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : guân ‖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raː) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 盧 (OC *b·raː). Originally written 盧, see there for more.
|(～江) Yuan River in Hunan province • (～州) name of prefecture during the reign of Wu Zetian ‖
|Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo • Middle-Chinese : lu
|fireplace, stove, oven, furnace
|
|
|
|
|爐 (eumhun 화로 로 (hwaro ro), word-initial (South Korea) 화로 노 (hwaro no))
|hanja form of 로/노 (“fireplace, stove, oven, furnace”)
|Hán-Nôm : lô
|
|
|爐
|-
|爬
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *braː) : semantic 爪 + phonetic 巴 (OC *praː). \ Cognate with 匍 (OC *baː).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : paa⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄚˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pêe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phâ • Middle-Chinese : bae
|to crawl; to creep • to climb; to ascend; to get up • to scramble • (Sichuanese or Internet slang, dismissal, derogatory or self-deprecatory) to leave; to get out
|
|to scratch • to crawl; to creep
|爬 • (pa) · 爬 • (pa) (hangeul 파)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : ba • Hán-Nôm : bò • Hán-Nôm : bà
|
|
|沅
|爬
|-
|-
|沉
|爭
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cam⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zam⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tîm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : têm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiām
|Pictogram (象形) – two hands on a plowshare. \ ; "to dispute; to fight; to contend; to strive" \ ; "to lack; to owe" ‖ Pictogram (象形) – two hands on a plowshare. \ ; "to dispute; to fight; to contend; to strive" \ ; "to lack; to owe"
|to sink; to submerge (into water) • to fall; to sink; to subside • to settle; to make sink • to suppress; to stifle; to neglect • to be neglected • to indulge in; to be given to • to hide; to be hidden • heavy; weighty • dark; gloomy • deep; profound • long (duration); prolonged; lengthy • deeply; profoundly • (Cantonese) Alternative form of 浸 (zam6, “to drown”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsenn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsng • Middle-Chinese : tsreang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaang³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zang³
|to dispute; to fight • to contend • to strive • (dialectal Mandarin, Cantonese, dialectal Hakka, Jin, dialectal Min, Southern Wu) to lack; to be missing; still have; remaining • (Cantonese) to have a difference (expressed in conjunction with terms of physical distance) • (Ürümqi Mandarin) argumentative • (Ürümqi Mandarin) to open up • (dialectal) to owe • (Wanrong Mandarin) because; due to; so that • (Wanrong Mandarin) capable • (Suzhounese, Dongguan Cantonese) to argue for the sake of arguing • (Wenzhounese) different • (Jinhua Wu) to have reservations • 25th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "contention" (𝌞) • why, how ‖ ^† Original form of 諍／诤 (zhèng, “to admonish”).
|
|Kyūjitai form of 争
|爭 (eumhun 다툴 쟁 (datul jaeng))
|hanja form of 쟁 (“dispute; fight”)
|Hán-Nôm : tranh • Hán-Nôm : tránh • Hán-Nôm : giành
|
|
|爭
|-
|爸
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *praːs, *baʔ) : semantic 父 (“father”) + phonetic 巴 (OC *praː). \ Colloquial form of 父 (OC *baʔ, “father”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *p/ba (“male; father”).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : baa¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pě • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pēe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pa • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pǎ • Middle-Chinese : baX
|(colloquial) father; dad
|
|
|沉 • (chim, sim) · 沉 • (chim, sim) (hangeul 침, 심, revised chim, sim, McCune–Reischauer ch'im, sim, Yale chim, sim)
|
|
|爸 • (pa) · 爸 • (pa) (hangeul 파, revised pa, McCune–Reischauer p'a, Yale pha)
|
|
|沉
|canonical : 爸: Hán Việt readings: bả • canonical : ba 爸: Nôm readings: ba
|chữ Hán form of ba (“father”).
|爸
|-
|-
|沌
|爹
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : deon⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tūn ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun⁵ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄣˊ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *daːʔ, *tjaː) : semantic 父 (“father”) + phonetic 多 (OC *ʔl'aːl). \ Possibly from Proto-Turkic *ata (“father”) and cognate with Old Turkic 𐱃𐰀 (t¹a /⁠ata⁠/) (Vovin and McCraw, 2011)
|benighted; ignorant • disorderly; chaotic ‖ (～河) Zhuan River (a river in Hubei) • Used in 沌口 (“name of an ancient county”). ‖ (of waves) billowing
|Cantonese · Jyutping : de¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄝ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tia • Middle-Chinese : trjae • Middle-Chinese : daX
|(colloquial) father; dad • (regional, honorific) old man; grandpa; granddad
|
|
|primeval chaos
|沌 (eumhun 엉길 돈 (eonggil don))
|Hanja form of 돈 (“disorderly; chaotic”).
|
|
|沌
|爹 (eum 다 (da))
|-
|没
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : đa • Hán-Nôm : đà • Hán-Nôm : ta
|
|
| ‖ 没(ぼつ) or 没(ボツ) • (botsu) ^(←ぼつ (botu)?)
|爹
|to sink, to be drowned • to hide • to die (synonym of 歿) ‖ rejected, unused
|-
|牌
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *breː, *breː) : semantic 片 + phonetic 卑 (OC *pe).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄞˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pâi • Middle-Chinese : bea • Middle-Chinese : beaj
|board; plate • census plate • signboard; placard; sign; tablet • brand; trademark • nameplate • Name of a type of historical documents delivered to the lower levels. • (card games, mahjong, dominoes) playing cards; cards; dominoes; mahjong; etc. (Classifier: 張／张 m c; 飛／飞 c) • (figurative) card (a resource or an argument, used to achieve a purpose) • (Hong Kong) licence (Classifier: 個／个 c) • list (of prices) • shield • memorial (gateway or building) • pitch (style) of ancient Chinese poetry (ci) or music (qu) • manner; air; shape • (Cantonese) medal • (Southern Min) plaque; memorial tablet • (Jilu Mandarin) Classifier for card games: round • a surname: Pai
|
|
|a small, written slip of paper: ticket, receipt, label, etc. • sign, placard • playing card, mahjong tile • shield, buckler
|牌 (eumhun 패 패 (pae pae))
|hanja form of 패 (“tablet”)
|Hán-Nôm : bài • Hán-Nôm : bìa • Hán-Nôm : bời
|
|
| ‖ Nôm form of một (“one”). ‖ Nôm form of mốt (“(only in compounds or fixed expressions) one; -one”).
|牌
|没
|-
|-
|沱
|牡
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : to⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄛˋ
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 牛 (“cattle”) + 丄. Various explanations exist, some propose 丄 (here unrelated to 上) depicts a penis to represent “male”. Later 丄 came to be written 土. See also the etymology of this character. \ Austroasiatic (Schuessler, 2007). Compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɟm(oo)l (“male”) (whence Khmer ឈ្មោល (chmool, “to be male”)), Old Mon jmūr ~ jmur (“male (elephant)”), Proto-Waic *(k)mɔj (“(wild) ox; buffalo”), Proto-Vietic *mɔːlʔ (“person; human being”) (whence Vietnamese mọi (“savage; barbarian”), Muong mõl (“human being”)). \ An oracle bone graph for this word shows a vertical stick on a horizontal ground, possibly because it had been intended for an obsolete homophone cognate with Proto-Vietic *c-mɔːlʔ (“digging stick”), which alongside "male" may derive from a stem represented in Old Khmer cval (“to enter; to penetrate; (of animals) to copulate”), Khmu [script needed] (cmɔɔl, “to plant (rice) with a digging stick”), [script needed] (crmɔɔl, “digging stick”) (ibid.; Ferlus, 1987). Schuessler (2007) further proposes a relationship with 畝 (OC *mɯʔ, “cropland; mu (a Chinese measuring unit for area)”) (ibid.); see there for more.
|(dialectal) small bay in a river (also used in place names) • (～江) Tuojiang; Tuo River • tearful; wailing • rainy ‖ Used in compounds.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maau⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mau⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bóo • Middle-Chinese : muwX
|(obsolete) male of animals • (obsolete) male genitals • (obsolete) bolt of door • (obsolete) hill; hump • Used in 牡蠣／牡蛎 (mǔlì, “oyster”).
|
|
|male • oyster
|牡 • (mo) · 牡 • (mo) (hangeul 모, revised mo, McCune–Reischauer mo, Yale mo)
|
|
|沱 • (ta) · 沱 • (ta) (hangeul 타, revised ta, McCune–Reischauer t'a, Yale tha)
|Hán-Nôm : mẫu
|
|
|chữ Hán form of Đà (“the Black/Da River, a river in Vietnam”). • chữ Hán form of Đà (“the Tuo River in Sichuan or the river of the same name in Hunan”).
|牡
|沱
|-
|-
|泅
|牢
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiû ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡ
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 宀 (“pen; animal yard”) + 牛 (“cow”)
|to swim; to float; to wade ‖ Alternative form of 攸 (yōu, “(of water) flowing”)
|Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄠˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : láu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo • Middle-Chinese : law
|pen; enclosure • prison; jail • firm; fast; durable • dependable; reliable • animal used for sacrificing • with grievance and toil • (Shanghainese) indicates continuous aspect • a surname: Lao
| ‖ 牢(ろう) • (rō) ^(←らう (rau)?)
|prison • stable, pen • secure ‖ prison
|牢 • (roe, noe, ro, no) · 牢 • (roe, noe, ro, no) (hangeul 뢰, 뇌, 로, 노, revised roe, noe, ro, no, McCune–Reischauer roe, noe, ro, no, Yale loy, noy, lo, no)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : lao • Hán-Nôm : lào • Hán-Nôm : sao • Hán-Nôm : sau
|chữ Hán form of lao (“prison”). • Nôm form of lao (“javelin, harpoon”). • Nôm form of Lào (“Laos”). • Nôm form of rao (“to announce”). • Nôm form of sao (“why, how”). • Nôm form of sao (“star”). • Nôm form of sau (“after”). • Nôm form of trau (“to polish”).
|牢
|-
|牽
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰiːn, *kʰiːns) : phonetic 玄 (OC *ɡʷeːn) + semantic 牛 (“cow, ox”) — leading an ox by hand. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰiːn, *kʰiːns) : phonetic 玄 (OC *ɡʷeːn) + semantic 牛 (“cow, ox”) — leading an ox by hand. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰiːn, *kʰiːns) : phonetic 玄 (OC *ɡʷeːn) + semantic 牛 (“cow, ox”) — leading an ox by hand.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hin¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khian • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khen • Middle-Chinese : khen ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢˋ • Middle-Chinese : khenH ‖
|to drag; to pull; to lead by hand • to involve; to drag in • to think about (someone); to be concerned about • to hold up; to hinder; to drag (someone) • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 縴／纤 (“tow rope”) ‖ (Eastern Min) to clutch
|
|
|泅 (eum 쉬 (swi))
|
|
|牽 (eumhun 당길 견 (danggil gyeon))
|hanja form of 견 (“draw, pull, attract”)
|Hán-Nôm : khiên • Hán-Nôm : khin
|
|
|泅
|牽
|-
|-
|泓
|犀
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wang⁴
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sliːl) : phonetic 尾 (OC *mɯlʔ) + semantic 牛 (“ox”). \ Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-sej (“rhinoceros”).
|(of water) deep • Classifier for bodies of clear water.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sai¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sai • Hokkien · Tai-lo : se • Middle-Chinese : sej
|rhinoceros • sharp; hard; well-tempered (as metal)
| ‖ 犀(さい) or 犀(サイ) • (sai)
| ‖ a rhinoceros
|犀 (eumhun 무소 서 (muso seo))
|hanja form of 서 (“rhinoceros”)
|Hán-Nôm : tê • Hán-Nôm : tây
|a rhinoceros
|犀
|-
|犁
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *riːl, *ril) : phonetic 利 (OC *rids) + semantic 牛 (“cow”)
|Cantonese · Jyutping : lai⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lerê • Middle-Chinese : lej
|plough • to plough • (literary) to destroy • a surname: Li
|
|
|
|
|泓 (eum 홍 (hong))
|犁 • (ri>i) · 犁 • (ri>i) (hangeul 리>이, revised ri>i, McCune–Reischauer ri>i, Yale li>i)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : lê
|
|
|泓
|犁
|-
|-
|泗
|狀
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : si³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sei³
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zraŋs) : phonetic 爿 (OC *braːn, *zaŋ) + semantic 犬.
|(literary) nasal mucus • sniffle • Si River (a river in Shandong, China)
|Cantonese · Jyutping : zong⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄤˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsn̄g • Middle-Chinese : dzrjangH
|^⁜ form; appearance; state • ^⁜ shape • ^⁜ certificate • ^⁜ to describe
|
|things stand
|狀 (eumhun 형상(形狀) 상) ‖ 狀 (eumhun 문서 장 (munseo jang))
|hanja form of 상 (“form; appearance; state”) • hanja form of 상 (“shape”) ‖ hanja form of 장 (“document; certificate”)
|Hán-Nôm : trạng
|
|
|狀
|-
|狐
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷaː) : semantic 犭 (“dog”) + phonetic 瓜 (OC *kʷraː). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gwa (“fox”). Cognate with Tibetan ཝ (wa, “fox”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hôo • Middle-Chinese : hu
|fox • a surname
| ‖ 狐(きつね) or 狐(キツネ) • (kitsune)
| ‖ a fox
|狐 (eumhun 여우 호 (yeou ho))
|hanja form of 호 (“fox”) [affix]
|Hán-Nôm : hồ
|
|
|泗 (eum 사 (sa))
|狐
|-
|狙
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰa, *sʰas) : semantic 犭 + phonetic 且 (OC *sʰjaːʔ, *ʔsa).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsir • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsi • Middle-Chinese : tshjo
|ape, monkey, gibbon
|
|
|an ape, (in particular) a gibbon • aiming at • aiming for; in pursuit of something • waiting for an opening; awaiting one's chance
|狙 (eumhun 원숭이 저 (wonsung'i jeo)) · 狙 (eumhun 엿볼 저 (yeotbol jeo))
|hanja form of 저 (“monkey”) • hanja form of 저 (“to peek”)
|Hán-Nôm : thư
|
|
|泗
|狙
|-
|-
|泱
|狠
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ong¹
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 犭 + phonetic 艮 (OC *kɯːns).
|(literary) vast; broad; deep; great; boundless • (literary, of clouds or water) rising; surging; rushing; momentous ‖ Used in compounds.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : han² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hún • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hūn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hīn
|vicious; cruel • severely; extreme • (Wu) fierce; ferocious; threatening; unreasonable • (Wu) impressive; skilled; wise; deft; capable
|
|
|
|
|
|泱 (eum 앙 (ang))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : ngận
|
|
|泱
|狠
|-
|-
|洱
|狡
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄦˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nei² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji⁵
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : káu • Middle-Chinese : kaewX
|sly; cunning; treacherous
| ‖ 狡(ずる) • (zuru)
|sly, cunning, sneaky ‖ slyness, sly act, sly person
|狡 • (gyo) · 狡 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo, Yale kyo)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : giảo • Hán-Nôm : sinh • Hán-Nôm : xảo
|
|
|狡
|-
|狩
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰljus) : semantic 犬 (“dog”) + phonetic 守 (OC *qʰljuʔ, *qʰljus). \ 獸 (OC *qʰljus, “beast”) is the exopassive of 狩 (OC *qʰljus, “to hunt”), literally "what is hunted" (Schuessler, 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau² • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau³ • Middle-Chinese : syuwH
|(literary) to hunt • (literary, of an emperor) to embark an inspection tour of the realm
| ‖ 狩(かり) • (kari)
| ‖ hunting (game, deer, ducks, etc.), hunt • gathering (mushrooms, etc.), picking (strawberries, peaches, etc.)
|狩 (eum 수 (su))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : thú
|
|
|狩
|-
|狸
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯ) : semantic 犬 (“dog”) + phonetic 里 (OC *rɯʔ). Originally an unorthodox variant (俗字) of the character 貍 (lí). \ Uncertain. Here some proposals: \ *Fangyan https://ctext.org/dictionary.pl?if=en&id=45515 and Guo Pu consider it to be one among many dialectal words for 貔 (OC *bi), which however is a different word (Schuessler, 2007) (see there). \ *Zhao & Huang (1998) (apud Schuessler, 2007) connects it to Hmong pli ~ ple "cat". \ *Schuessler (2007) minimally reconstructs 貍 (OC *rə) from *pʰrə ~ *pʰə-rə and proposes possible Sino-Tibetan etymology and compares it to Mru pri (“a kind of leopard”) (see also Löffler, 1966); he also sees potential cognacy with Tibetan ཞི་མི (zhi mi), ཞིམ་བུ (zhim bu), ཞུམ་བུ (zhum bu) - all meaning "cat" - if those were from *ryi-mi; additionally, པི་ཤི (pi shi, “cat”) (< *zhi?) is possibly equivalent to Old Chinese dialectal forms with initial *pʰ- (e.g. 𧳏 (pī) < *pʰiə < *pʰrə) (though པི་ཤི (pi shi)'s pi and བྱི་ལ (byi la)'s byi might be from Indic). \ *STEDT reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-(l/r)e(y/ŋ) (“squirrel, weasel”) and proposes cognacy with 鼪 (OC *sreŋ, *sreŋs), Tibetan སྲེ་མོང (sre mong, “weasel”), Burmese [script needed] (hrañ, “squirrel”), etc.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lî • Middle-Chinese : li
|leopard cat • raccoon dog • (obsolete) cat
| ‖ 狸(たぬき) or 狸(タヌキ) • (tanuki) ‖ 狸(たたけ) or 狸(たたげ) • (tatake or tatage) ‖ 狸(たのき) • (tanoki)
|raccoon dog • wild cat ‖ a raccoon dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides • (figurative) a person who pretends to be good but in fact is cunning (compare English sly fox) • Short for 狸饂飩 (tanuki-udon) and 狸蕎麦 (tanuki-soba): styles of various noodle dishes • (rare) Short for 狸寝入り (tanuki neiri): pretending to be asleep • (rare, obsolete) Short for 狸汁 (tanuki-jiru): a soup made from tanuki meat mixed with daikon, burdock root, etc. ‖ (archaic, obsolete) a raccoon dog • (archaic, obsolete) the hair of a raccoon dog, used for making brushes ‖ (dated, dialectal, Western Japan, chiefly Kansai) a raccoon dog • (dated, dialectal, Kansai) Short for 狸饂飩 (tanoki-udon) and 狸蕎麦 (tanoki-soba): styles of various noodle dishes
|狸 • (ri>i) · 狸 • (ri>i) (hangeul 리>이, revised ri>i, McCune–Reischauer ri>i, Yale li>i)
|(너구리 리, neoguri-): raccoon dog
|Hán-Nôm : li
|
|
|洱
|狸
|-
|狼
|Characters in the same phonetic series (良) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raːŋ) : semantic 犭 + phonetic 良 (OC *raŋ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄤˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lâng • Middle-Chinese : lang
|wolf (Classifier: 匹 m; 隻／只 m c; 條／条 m; 頭／头 m) • (figurative) dirty guy; pervert • (Cantonese) cruel; ruthless
| ‖ 狼(おおかみ) or 狼(オオカミ) • (ōkami) ^(←おほかみ (ofokami)?) (counter 匹) ‖ 狼(おおかめ) • (ōkame) ^(←おほかめ (ofokame)?)
|wolf ‖ a wolf (animal) • Short for 日本狼 (Nihon-ōkami, “Japanese wolf”). ‖ (possibly obsolete) a wolf (animal)
|狼 (eumhun 이리 랑 (iri rang), word-initial (South Korea) 이리 낭 (iri nang))
|hanja form of 랑/낭 (“wolf”)
|canonical : 狼: Hán Việt readings: lang 狼: Nôm readings: lang
|chữ Hán form of lang (“wolf”).
|狼
|-
|-
|洶
|猖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiong
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰjaŋ) : semantic 犭 (“dog”) + phonetic 昌 (OC *tʰjaŋ).
|(of waves) turbulent; tempestuous • roaring; uproarious
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsyhang
|
|
|
|
|洶 (eum 흉 (hyung))
|
|
|猖 • (chang) · 猖 • (chang) (hangeul 창, revised chang, McCune–Reischauer ch'ang, Yale chang)
|
|
|洶
|Hán-Nôm : xương
|
|猖
|-
|-
|浅
|猜
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰlɯː) : semantic 犭 + phonetic 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄞ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshai • Middle-Chinese : tshoj ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : ioh
|to guess; to suppose; to conjecture • to suspect; to have a suspicion; to doubt • ^† suspicion; jealousy • ^† to envy; to hate; to resent • to play (a hand game) ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 臆 (ioh, “to guess”)
|
|
|
|
|猜 (eumhun 시기할 시 (sigihal si))
|hanja form of 시 (“jealousy”)
|Hán-Nôm : sai • Hán-Nôm : xai
|
|
|shallow • superficial • frivolous • wretched • shameful
|猜
|
|
|
|浅
|-
|-
|浚
|猩
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeon³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon³
| ‖ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *priŋ ~ *b-riŋ (“to bark”) (STEDT).
|(alt. form 濬) to dredge; to deepen; dig deep (a waterway, well, etc.) • to dredge; to unearth • to extract; to exploit • (alt. form 濬) deep; profound ‖ Used in place names.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sing¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sing • Middle-Chinese : sraeng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sing¹ • Middle-Chinese : seng
|Used in 猩猩 (xīngxing); also used as its short form. • Synonym of 猩紅／猩红 (xīnghóng, “scarlet; bright red”) ‖ (obsolete, rare) to bark
|
|
|
|
|浚 • (jun) · 浚 • (jun) (hangeul 준, revised jun, McCune–Reischauer chun, Yale cwun)
|猩 (eum 성 (seong))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tinh
|
|
|浚
|猩
|-
|-
|浬
|猴
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄞˇ ㄌㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hoi² lei⁵ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˊ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡoː) : semantic 犭 + phonetic 侯 (OC *ɡoː). \ The first syllable in 母猴 (OC *mɯʔ ɡoː, “macaque”) and 沐猴 (OC *moːɡ ɡoː, “macaque”) may perhaps be an old pre-initial (Unger, 1985). \ Compare Proto-Lolo-Burmese *myukᴸ (“monkey”), which derives from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *m(j/r)uk (“monkey”) (Pinault et al., 1997, STEDT).
|(dated) nautical mile ‖ Only used in 泥浬.
|Cantonese · Jyutping : hau⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄡˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄡˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kâu • Middle-Chinese : huw
| ‖ 浬(り) • (ri)
|monkey; ape • naughty child • (Southern Min) male paramour • (dialectal) to lean on someone; to pester someone • (dialectal) to squat like a monkey • (dialectal) naughty; clever • (Southern Min) skinny and dark-skinned; ugly as a monkey • a surname
|nautical mile (unit of distance) • knot (unit of speed) ‖ a nautical mile: the length of roughly one minute of latitude, 1,852 meters
|浬 • (ri>i) · 浬 • (ri>i) (hangeul 리>이, revised ri>i, McCune–Reischauer ri>i, Yale li>i)
|
|
|monkey
|猴 (eum 후 (hu))
|monkey, macaque
|Hán-Nôm : hầu
|
|
|浬
|猴
|-
|-
|涇
|猾
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ging¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : king • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khēng
|the Jing River (China)
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waat⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ku̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hua̍t • Middle-Chinese : hweat
|Crafty, cunning, sly
|
|
|涇 (eum 경 (gyeong))
|crafty
|猾 • (hwal) · 猾 • (hwal) (hangeul 활, revised hwal, McCune–Reischauer hwal, Yale hwal)
|crafty, cunning, shrewd • deceitful
|Hán-Nôm : hoạt
|
|
|
|猾
|涇
|-
|-
|涌
|獨
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cung¹
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *doːɡ) : semantic 犭 + phonetic 蜀 (OC *djoɡ).
|(Cantonese) small river (often in place names)
|Cantonese · Jyutping : duk⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ta̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : to̍k • Middle-Chinese : duwk
|alone; single; solitary • the old and childless • only • (literary) Indicates a rhetorical question: is it possible that... • (in compounds) separatism
|
|
|Alternative form of 湧
|涌 • (yong) · 涌 • (yong) (hangeul 용, revised yong, McCune–Reischauer yong, Yale yong)
|
|
|獨 (eumhun 홀로 독 (hollo dok)) ‖ 獨 • (Dok) (hangeul 독)
|hanja form of 독 (“alone”) [affix] ‖ (in news headlines) Short for 獨(독)逸(일) (Dogil, “(South Korea) Germany”).
|Hán-Nôm : độc • Hán-Nôm : dọc
|
|
|涌
|獨
|-
|-
|涎
|獵
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iân ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rab) : semantic 犭 + phonetic 巤 (OC *rab). \ ;to hunt \ :See 臘 for etymology. \ ;turtle, tortoise
|saliva ‖ Only used in 湎涎. ‖ Only used in 涎涎.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lip⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : la̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lia̍p • Middle-Chinese : ljep
| ‖ 涎(よだり) • (yodari) ‖ 涎(よだれ) • (yodare)
|to hunt (animals) • to hunt for; to pursue; to search for • Used in 獵獵／猎猎. • (obsolete) tortoise; turtle • Alternative form of 躐 (liè, “to trample”)
|drool, slobber, saliva ‖ (archaic) snot: nasal mucus hanging or oozing out from the nose • (archaic) drool, slobber: saliva hanging or oozing out from the mouth ‖ (archaic) drool, slobber: saliva hanging or oozing out from the mouth
| ‖ 獵(りょう) • (ryō) ^(←れふ (refu)?)
|涎 (eum 연 (yeon))
| ‖ Alternative spelling of 猟
|獵 (eumhun 사냥 렵 (sanyang ryeop), word-initial (South Korea) 사냥 엽 (sanyang yeop))
|hanja form of 렵/엽 (“to hunt”)
|Hán-Nôm : liệp
|
|
|
|獵
|涎
|-
|-
|涓
|獸
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gyun¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuan
|Characters in the same phonetic series (嘼) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 單 (“hunting weapon”) + 犬 (“dog”) – "hunting". 口 was added later (see 嘼). \ Exopassive of 狩 (OC *qʰljus, “to hunt”), literally "what is hunted" (Schuessler, 2007). Speculatively, 獸 (OC *qʰljus) can be compared with Tibetan འཆོར་བ ('chor ba, “to hunt”) (ibid.).
|(literary) brook; stream • (literary) tiny; negligible • (literary) to choose; to select • (literary) to clean; to clear
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄡˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siù • Middle-Chinese : syuwH
|beast; animal • bestial • furry (subculture)
|
|
|
|
|涓 • (yeon) · 涓 • (yeon) (hangeul 연, revised yeon, McCune–Reischauer yŏn, Yale yen)
|獸 • (su) · 獸 • (su) (hangeul 수, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : thú
|
|
|涓
|獸
|-
|-
|涸
|獻
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kok³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hok⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khok
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sŋaːl, *hŋans, *ŋrad) : phonetic 鬳 (OC *ŋans) + semantic 犬 (“dog”). \ Same word as 憲 (OC *hŋans) (Schuessler, 2007), its basic meaning being seemingly "elevate > to be elavated". \ Inside the Sinitic branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family, it's related to 甗 (OC *ŋan, *ŋranʔ, *ŋrans, “a cooking vessel consisting of a steamer 'elevated' on a three-legged boiler”). Furthermore, it's possibly cognate to Tibetan སྔར་མ (sngar ma, “sharp-witted, quick-witted, intelligent”) (ibid., Gong, 2000). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sŋaːl, *hŋans, *ŋrad) : phonetic 鬳 (OC *ŋans) + semantic 犬 (“dog”). \ Same word as 憲 (OC *hŋans) (Schuessler, 2007), its basic meaning being seemingly "elevate > to be elavated". \ Inside the Sinitic branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family, it's related to 甗 (OC *ŋan, *ŋranʔ, *ŋrans, “a cooking vessel consisting of a steamer 'elevated' on a three-legged boiler”). Furthermore, it's possibly cognate to Tibetan སྔར་མ (sngar ma, “sharp-witted, quick-witted, intelligent”) (ibid., Gong, 2000).
|(of bodies of water) dry • (of bodies of water) to dry up
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hin³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiàn • Middle-Chinese : xjonH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄛ • Middle-Chinese : sa
|
|to offer; to present; to donate • to show; to display • (archaic) virtuous person • a surname • (neologism, slang) to commit a mass murder ‖ (historical) a method of filtering wine • (historical) sacrificial wine vessel
|
|
|涸 (eum 후 (hu)) · 涸 (eum 학 (hak))
|to revere, to contribute, to present
|獻 • (heon, sa) · 獻 • (heon, sa) (hangeul 헌, 사, revised heon, sa, McCune–Reischauer hŏn, sa, Yale hen, sa)
|
|
|canonical : 獻: Hán Việt readings: hiến • canonical : ta 獻: Nôm readings: hiến
|
|
|涸
|獻
|-
|-
|淄
|玖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsu
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷlɯʔ) : semantic 玉 + phonetic 久 (OC *kʷlɯʔ).
|Zi River, a river in Shandong province
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄡˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : káu • Middle-Chinese : kjuwX
|black gemstone that is poorer than jade • (financial) Alternative form of 九 (“nine”) (used normally in official documents or checks to avoid forgery)
|
|
|(financial, archaic) nine • black jewel
|玖 • (gu) · 玖 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu)
|
|
|淄 (eum 치 (chi))
|Hán-Nôm : cửu
|
|
|玖
|-
|玫
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mɯːl) : semantic 𤣩 (“jade”) + phonetic 文 (OC *mɯn)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mui⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : muî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : buê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : muê • Middle-Chinese : mwoj
|type of gemstone • Used in 玫瑰 (méigui, “rose”).
|
|
|淄
|-
|淅
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sik
|(formal) to wash rice • a surname
|
|
|
|
|淅 (eum 석 (seok))
|
|
|canonical : 玫: Hán Việt readings: mai • canonical : mân • canonical : môi 玫: Nôm readings: môi
|
|
|淅
|玫
|-
|-
|淇
|玲
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei⁴
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːŋ) : semantic 玉 (“jade”) + phonetic 令 (OC *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs).
|(～水) The name of a river that originates in Henan. • (～河, ～水) The name of a branch of the Hai River. • (～河) The name of a branch of the Han River. • (～縣) Qi County, Hebi, Henan Province
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lin • Middle-Chinese : leng
|
|(onomatopoeia) jade-hitting sound
|
|淇 • (gi) · 淇 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki)
|
|
|tinkling; sound of jade • exquisite • clever
|玲 (eumhun 옥소리 령 (oksori ryeong), word-initial (South Korea) 옥소리 영 (oksori yeong))
|hanja form of 령/영 (“mainly used in personal names”)
|Hán-Nôm : lính • Hán-Nôm : linh
|
|
|淇
|玲
|-
|-
|淒
|玷
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cai¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshi ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshe̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshē
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *teːmʔ, *teːms) : semantic 𤣩 + phonetic 占 (OC *ʔljem, *tjems).
|chilly; cold; frigid • (alt. form 悽) miserable; sorrowful; sad ‖ (Hokkien) to go downhill; to decline; to be on the wane • (Quanzhou Hokkien) to suspend
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dim³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiàm • Middle-Chinese : temX
|flaw in gem; defect in jade • (figuratively, of a person) flaw in character • to blemish; to stain
|
|
|
|
|淒 • (cheo) · 淒 • (cheo) (hangeul 처, revised cheo, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏ, Yale che)
|玷 • (jeom) · 玷 • (jeom) (hangeul 점, revised jeom, McCune–Reischauer chŏm, Yale cem)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : điếm
|
|
|淒
|玷
|-
|-
|淙
|玻
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thong
|gurgling sound of water
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bo¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : po • Middle-Chinese : pha
|Used in 玻璃 (bōli, “glass”); also used as its short form. • Used in transliterations. • Short for 玻利維亞／玻利维亚 (Bōlìwéiyà, “Bolivia”).
|
|
|淙 (eum 종 (jong))
|glass
|玻 • (pa) · 玻 • (pa) (hangeul 파, revised pa, McCune–Reischauer p'a, Yale pha)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : pha
|
|
|淙
|玻
|-
|-
|淞
|琅
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sung¹
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raːŋ) : semantic 玉 (“jade”) + phonetic 良 (OC *raŋ)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : long⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lông • Middle-Chinese : lang
|a variety of white carnelian • pure white • a surname
|
|
|pure jewel
|琅 • (rang>nang) · 琅 • (rang>nang) (hangeul 랑>낭, revised rang>nang, McCune–Reischauer rang>nang, Yale lang>nang)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : lang
|
|
|淞 • (song) · 淞 • (song) (hangeul 송, revised song, McCune–Reischauer song, Yale song)
|琅
|-
|琉
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ru) : semantic 𤣩 (“jade”) + phonetic 㐬 ().
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liû • Middle-Chinese : ljuw
|Used in compounds.
|
|
|precious stone • gem • lapis lazuli
|琉 (eumhun 유리 류 (yuri ryu), word-initial (South Korea) 유리 유 (yuri yu))
|hanja form of 류/유 (“glass”)
|canonical : 琉: Hán Việt readings: lưu 琉: Nôm readings: lưu
|
|
|淞
|琉
|-
|-
|淪
|琢
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leon⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lûn
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rtoːɡ) : semantic 𤣩 (“jade”) + phonetic 豖 (OC *tʰoɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rtoːɡ) : semantic 𤣩 (“jade”) + phonetic 豖 (OC *tʰoɡ).
|to sink (into ruin), decline, fall • to be lost • to sink, be submerged • (of water) small waves
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : doek³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tok • Middle-Chinese : traewk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄛˊ
|to carve or cut jade or gemstone • (by extension) to cultivate (one's character, one's skills) ‖ Only used in 琢磨 (zuómo, “to think over; to ponder”).
|
|
|ripples • sink
|to polish • to cultivate one's skill • to select
|淪 • (ryun>yun, non) · 淪 • (ryun>yun, non) (hangeul 륜>윤, 논, revised ryun>yun, non, McCune–Reischauer ryun>yun, non, Yale lyun>yun, non)
|琢 (eumhun 다듬을 탁 (dadeumeul tak))
|
|
|canonical : 琢: Hán Việt readings: chác • canonical : trác 琢: Nôm readings: trác • canonical : trát
|
|
|淪
|琢
|-
|-
|淵
|琳
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ian
|abyss; deep water • deep; profound • a surname
|
|
|abyss • edge • deep pool
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lam⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîm • Middle-Chinese : lim
|淵 (eumhun 못 연 (mot yeon))
|beautiful jade
|Hanja form of 연 (“abyss”).
|
|
|淵
|jewel • tinkling of a string of jewels
|-
|琳 • (rim>im) · 琳 • (rim>im) (hangeul 림>임, revised rim>im, McCune–Reischauer rim>im, Yale lim>im)
|渙
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wun⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huàn
|to dissipate; to dissolve • (literary) to issue imperial edicts • (literary) overflowing; brimming • 59th hexagram of the I Ching
|
|
|scatter
|Hán-Nôm : lâm • Hán-Nôm : lam
|渙 (eum 환 (hwan))
|scatter • scattered, dispersed
|
|
|渙
|琳
|-
|-
|渚
|瑙
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsú
|islet; small landmass in water • waterside; beach
| ‖ 渚(なぎさ) • (nagisa) ‖ 渚(なぎさ) • (Nagisa) ‖ 渚(みぎわ) • (migiwa) ^(←みぎは (migifa)?) ‖ 渚(みぎわ) • (Migiwa) ^(←みぎは (migifa)?)
|strand, beach, shore ‖ the water's edge: · beach • the water's edge: · shore • the water's edge: · bank (as of a river or stream) ‖ a place name • a surname • a male or female given name ‖ the water's edge: · beach • the water's edge: · shore • the water's edge: · bank (as of a river or stream) ‖ a female given name
|渚 (eumhun 물가 저 (mulga jeo))
|Hanja form of 저 (“shore”).
|
|
|渚
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nou⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ló
|-
|Used in 瑪瑙／玛瑙 (mǎnǎo). • Used in 多瑙 (Duōnǎo). • Used in 錦瑙／锦瑙.
|渥
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ak¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ok ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : ak
|(literary) to moisten; to soak • (literary) deep; rich; strong; thick • (archaic) glossy; dyed • (literary) to enrich ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 沃
|
|
|moisten, make moist • kind, cordial • glossy
|agate • onyx
|渥 (eum 악 (ak))
|瑙 • (no) · 瑙 • (no) (hangeul 노, revised no, McCune–Reischauer no, Yale no)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : não
|
|
|渥
|瑙
|-
|-
|渭
|瑞
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uī
|Characters in the same phonetic series (耑) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djols) : semantic 玉 (“jade”) + phonetic 耑 (OC *toːn).
|(～河) the Wei River
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄟˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suī • Middle-Chinese : dzyweH
|token made of jade • auspicious omen • auspicious • a surname
|
|
|congratulations
|瑞 (eumhun 상서로울 서 (sangseoroul seo))
|hanja form of 서 (“auspicious; lucky”)
|Hán-Nôm : thụy • Hán-Nôm : thuỵ
|
|
|渭 • (wi) · 渭 • (wi) (hangeul 위, revised wi, McCune–Reischauer wi, Yale wi)
|瑞
|-
|瑟
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *smriɡ, *smriɡ) : semantic 珡 (“musical instrument”) + phonetic 必 (OC *pliɡ). 珡 has been simplified into the unrelated 玨.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sat¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sit • Middle-Chinese : srit
|(music) the se, an ancient Chinese bridge zither, usually with 25 strings • ^† solemn; dignified; alone; bleak • Used in 瑟瑟 (sèsè). • Used in 瑟縮／瑟缩 (sèsuō) and 瑟索.
|
|
|
|
|渭
|瑟 • (seul) · 瑟 • (seul) (hangeul 슬, revised seul, McCune–Reischauer sŭl, Yale sul)
|-
|渾
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hûn ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄣˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwan²
|(obsolete) sound of spouting water • muddy; turbid • foolish; stupid • simple and natural; unsophisticated • whole; complete • (literary) totally • (literary) still • name of several rivers • Short for 吐谷渾／吐谷浑 (tǔyùhún). • a surname ‖ large • to mix; to muddle • simple; plain • pure • Short for 渾天／浑天. • Short for 渾天儀／浑天仪 (húntiānyí). ‖ Only used in 渾渾／浑浑 (gǔngǔn, “alternative form of 滾滾; rolling along”). • to fall
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|all • turbidity
|Hán-Nôm : sắt
|渾 • (hon) · 渾 • (hon) (hangeul 혼, revised hon, McCune–Reischauer hon, Yale hon)
|muddy, turbid • blend, merge, mix
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|渾
|瑟
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|湊
|瑰
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshàu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshòo
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kuːl, *ɡuːl) : semantic 𤣩 (“jade”) + phonetic 鬼 (OC *kulʔ).
|to gather together; to assemble • to approach; to come closer; to draw near • to be close; to be near • to happen by chance • (Cantonese) to look after; to babysit
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwai¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwai³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kui • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuì • Middle-Chinese : hwoj • Middle-Chinese : kwoj
| ‖ 湊(みなと) • (Minato)
|semi-precious stone that is less precious than jade • extraordinary, fabulous
|port, harbor • to gather together, to congregate ‖ a surname
|湊 (eum 주 (ju))
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|strange
|瑰 • (goe) · 瑰 • (goe) (hangeul 괴, revised goe, McCune–Reischauer koe, Yale koy)
|extraordinary, fabulous • rose
|Hán-Nôm : côi • Hán-Nôm : khôi
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|湊
|瑰
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|湍
|璽
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : teon¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tyun¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyun² • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuan
|From 壐／𱖚. Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *smlelʔ) : phonetic 爾 (OC *njelʔ) + semantic 玉 (“jade”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saai² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sú • Middle-Chinese : sjeX
|(historical) imperial seal; royal seal
| ‖ 璽(じ) • (ji) ‖ 璽(しるし) • (shirushi) ‖ 璽(みしるし) • (mishirushi)
|the imperial seal or sigil • a symbol of imperial status ‖ a seal or sigil carved into a jewel • more specifically, such a seal belonging to the Chinese emperor of the Qin Dynasty or later, or belonging to the Japanese emperor • 八尺瓊曲玉 (Yasakani no Magatama), the jewel that is one of the three sacred treasures comprising the Imperial Regalia of Japan ‖ the emperor's personal seal or sigil or the national seal or sigil used for state business • the mark made by such a seal or sigil • 八尺瓊勾玉 (Yasakani no Magatama), one of the sacred treasures comprising the Imperial Regalia of Japan • all three of the sacred treasures ‖ a mark or seal indicating imperial status • a sacred item indicating imperial status • the emperor's personal seal or sigil
|璽 (eumhun 도장 새 (dojang sae))
|hanja form of 새 (“royal seal”) [noun]
|Hán-Nôm : tỉ • Hán-Nôm : tỷ
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|璽
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|瓜
|Pictogram (象形) - a pictograph of a melon suspended by its vines. \ Etymology not clear (Schuessler, 2007). \ Possibly a borrowing from Proto-Hmong-Mien *klˠa (“cucumber”) (Ostapirat, 2016). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄚ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kue • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kua • Middle-Chinese : kwae ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : gwaa¹
|melon; gourd; squash • (Mainland China, slang, neologism) storyful news • (Singapore, colloquial) fellow; dude • a surname ‖ (Wuhan Mandarin, Cantonese, Xiang, humorous) to die
| ‖ 瓜(うり) or 瓜(ウリ) • (uri)
|gourd, squash, melon ‖ gourd, squash, melon
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|cucumber
|canonical : 瓜: Hán Việt readings: qua 瓜: Nôm readings: qua • canonical : dưa • canonical : co
|chữ Hán form of qua (“melon”). • Nôm form of dưa (“melon”).
|瓜
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|瓢
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|
|湍 (eum 단 (dan))
|Cantonese · Jyutping : piu⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄠˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiô • Middle-Chinese : bjiew
|ladle made from dried gourd
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|gourd
|瓢 • (pyo) · 瓢 • (pyo) (hangeul 표)
|Wooden ladle. They cut a dried gourd in half, and use each as a ladle.
|Hán-Nôm : biều • Hán-Nôm : bầu • Hán-Nôm : vào • Hán-Nôm : bèo • Hán-Nôm : bịn • Hán-Nôm : bìu • Hán-Nôm : vèo
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|湍
|瓢
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|湔
|瓣
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsian • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiân
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *breːns) : phonetic 辡 (OC *prenʔ, *brenʔ) + semantic 瓜 (“melon”). \ ;"segment, section, piece" \ ;"petal"
|(literary) to wash, to clean; to cleanse • (literary) to redress (a wrong) • Alternative form of 濺／溅 (“to splash”) • soak • Used in 湔江 (“name of a river in Sichuan province”).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : baan⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : faan⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baan⁶⁻² • Cantonese · Jyutping : faan⁶⁻² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄢˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄢˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bān • Middle-Chinese : beanH
|melon seeds • petal • segment; section; piece; clove (of garlic) • (medicine) Short for 瓣膜 (bànmó, “valve”). • Classifier for pieces and segments, such as those of (cut-up) fruits or petals. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier • (Cantonese) Classifier for domains of activity.; field
| ‖ 瓣(べん) • (ben) ‖ 瓣(べん) • (-ben)
|flower petal • valve ‖ (anatomy) valve (membranous partition, flap, or fold, which allows flow in only one direction, e.g. a heart valve) • valve (device that controls the flow of a fluid through a pipe) ‖ flower petals
|瓣 (eum 판 (pan))
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|wash • rinse
|Hán-Nôm : bẹ • Hán-Nôm : biện
|湔 (eum 전 (jeon))
|wash • cleanse • purge
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|湔
|瓣
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|湛
|瓷
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaam³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tām • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǎm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsim ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : daam¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tam ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cam⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sîm
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zli) : phonetic 次 (OC *sn̥ʰis) + semantic 瓦 (“earthenware”).
|profound • clear • a surname ‖ happy; joyful ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsîr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huî • Middle-Chinese : dzij
|porcelain; china; chinaware • (of a thing) firm; solid; sturdy
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|湛 • (dam, chim) · 湛 • (dam, chim) (hangeul 담, 침, revised dam, chim, McCune–Reischauer tam, ch'im, Yale tam, chim)
|瓷 • (ja) · 瓷 • (ja) (hangeul 자)
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|Hán-Nôm : từ • Hán-Nôm : sứ • Hán-Nôm : tư
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|湛
|瓷
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|湮
|甜
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan¹
|Characters in the same phonetic series (甜) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 舌 (“tongue”) + 甘 (“sweet”). Rearrangement of 甛. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ljam (“sweet; fragrant”) (STEDT). Compare Tibetan ཞིམ (zhim, “tasty”) (Coblin, 1986; Schuessler, 2007; Hill, 2019).
|(literary) to inundate; to sink; to bury; to cover up; to fall into oblivion • (literary) to clog up; to block up; to stop
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiâm • Middle-Chinese : dem
|sweet • (figurative) pleasant; comfortable; happy • (figurative, of sleep) sound • (dialectal) bland; tasteless; not salty • (dialectal) delicious; tasty • (neologism, of a price) cheap; inexpensive • (figurative) romantic • (Hong Kong Cantonese) Euphemistic form of 鹹／咸 (haam⁴, “erotic”).
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|sink
|湮 • (in) · 湮 • (in) (hangeul 인)
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|甜 (eumhun 달 첨 (dal cheom))
|hanja form of 첨 (“sweet”)
|Hán-Nôm : điềm
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|湮
|甜
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|湾
|產
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sŋreːnʔ) : abbreviated phonetic 彥 (OC *ŋrans) + semantic 生 (“to be born”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *srjal (“to breed; to bring up”), whence Tibetan སྲེལ (srel, “to bring up; to rear”). \ Schuessler (2007) notes that this word is equally likely to have been Austroasiatic in origin. Compare Khmer សំរាល (sɑmraal, “to give birth”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suánn • Middle-Chinese : sreanX
|to give birth; to bring forth • to produce (naturally) • to make; to manufacture • produced or manufactured item; product; produce • property; wealth; premises • a surname: Chan
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|產 (eumhun 낳을 산 (na'eul san))
|Alternative form of 産 (“hanja form of 산 (“born”)”)
|Hán-Nôm : sản
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| ‖ 湾(わん) • (wan)
|產
|bay, gulf • bend, curve (replacing 彎) ‖ (geography) bay, gulf, inlet
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|甥
|From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sriŋ (“sister”), related by Coblin (1986) to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-riŋ ~ s-r(j)aŋ (“to live; to be alive; to give birth; raw; green”). \ Cognate with Tibetan སྲིང་མོ (sring mo), Kinnauri riŋz, Jangshung śiŋ, Chinese 生 (OC *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs, “life, birth”) and 姓 (OC *sleŋs, “family name”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sang¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sing • Middle-Chinese : sraeng
|sororal niece or sororal nephew • (obsolete) son-in-law
| ‖ 甥(おい) • (oi) ^(←をひ (wofi)?)
| ‖ nephew
|甥 (eumhun 생질 생 (saengjil saeng))
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|湾
|甥
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|湿
|甩
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|This is a late character, and the divergent readings in various topolects may or may not be cognate. \ The Mandarin reading came from 摔 (shuāi, “to fling, to throw, to fall down”), which can be traced to *srut in Old Chinese. It can be compared with Tibetan རུད (rud, “slip, that which has slipped down, falling mass, landslides”), རུད་རུད་པོ (rud rud po, “loosened, disintegrated, rough”). \ The Cantonese reading is probably unrelated, though it may reflect a descendant of the archaic pronunciation *rut and hence be cognate with Mandarin. Either way, it is evidently from the same source as Min Nan 甪 (lut, “to come off, to slip loose”), Zhuang lot (“to come loose and drop off (due to loose tying)”), and Vietnamese lột (“to peel, to strip off”). May be compared with Tibetan ལོད་པོ (lod po, “relaxed, careless”), ལྷོད་པོ (lhod po, “relaxed, loose, lax”), and the Chinese word family of 兌 (*lot, > 脫 (“to come off”), 蛻 (“exuviae”)). Unlikely to be related to 落 (luò, “to fall, to drop off”). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄞˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiù • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sut ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : lak¹
|(Mandarin, Hokkien, Wu) to toss; to throw; to fling • (Mandarin) to throw away; to discard • (Mandarin) to brush off; to abandon • (Mandarin) to swing • (dialectal Mandarin) to take off; to remove • (dialectal Mandarin) to heed; to take notice of • (dialectal Mandarin, of insects, zoology, etc.) to lay (eggs) • (Beijing Mandarin) to play (cards) • (Beijing Mandarin) Short for 甩賣／甩卖 (shuǎimài, “to sell at cheap prices”). • (Beijing Mandarin) to scold • (Sichuanese) perturbed; uneasy • (Cantonese) to come loose; to come off • (Cantonese) to escape from • (Cantonese) to fail to follow • (Cantonese) to sense by touch • (dialectal Cantonese) to fall down • (Wu) to strike; to box (about the ears) • (Wu) to shake off; to escape • (Wu) to wave; to rock • (Hokkien) to sprinkle; to spray • (Hokkien, vulgar) to heed; to pay attention to ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 㪐 (lak¹) (Used in 甩咳.)
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|damp • wet • moist
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|Hán-Nôm : soải • Hán-Nôm : súy • Hán-Nôm : suý
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|湿
|甩
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|溘
|甫
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hap⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄞˋ
|In oracle bone script, ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 屮 (“vegetation”) + 田 (“field”) – garden, original form of 圃. \ In bronze inscriptions, the components 屮 and 田 corrupted into 父 and 用 respectively. 父 (OC *paʔ, *baʔ) became a sound component, \ making the character phono-semantic (形聲／形声, OC *paʔ) . \ In the modern form the components have merged into a single shape. \ Probably cognate with 父 (OC *paʔ, “father”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Sino-Tibetan. Cognate with 方 (OC *paŋ, “just now”) (Pulleybank, 1962). Also compare Tibeto-Burman words for “to begin”: Proto-Kuki-Chin *pran, Jingpho hpang, Phom baŋ⁵⁵, Bahing preŋ. ‖ Sino-Tibetan. Endoactive of a root *PA(ʔ) (Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with 佈 (OC *paːs, “to spread; to display; to announce”), 博 (OC *paːɡ, “wide”), 溥 (OC *pʰaːʔ, “vast; wide”), 敷 (OC *pʰa, “to lay out; to apply”), 鋪 (OC *pʰa, *pʰaː, “to spread”) (Schuessler, 2007). Also compare Proto-Kuki-Chin *phaʔ (“to spread; to stretch”). ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖
|(literary) abruptly; suddenly; unexpectedly • (literary) to rely on; to cover ‖ ^‡
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hú • Middle-Chinese : pjuX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hú • Middle-Chinese : pjuX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hú • Middle-Chinese : pjuX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄨˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pou² ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : pou³ ‖
|(literary, honorific) A term of address for a man, usually as a suffix placed after a man's courtesy name. • (honorific) courtesy name of a man • a surname ‖ to begin • (literary or Hong Kong) just; just now ‖ great ‖ Alternative form of 圃 (pǔ) ‖ Used in place names. ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 鋪／铺 (“ten Chinese miles”) ‖ (Teochew) to fuck; to have sexual intercourse with
| ‖ 甫(はじめ) • (Hajime)
|for the first time; not until ‖ a male given name
|甫 • (bo) · 甫 • (bo) (hangeul 보, revised bo, McCune–Reischauer po, Yale po)
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|sudden • unexpected
|Hán-Nôm : phủ • Hán-Nôm : bo • Hán-Nôm : bô • Hán-Nôm : bố
|溘 • (hap) · 溘 • (hap) (hangeul 합, revised hap, McCune–Reischauer hap, Yale hap)
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|甫
|溘
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|溥
|甸
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pou² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phó ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ
|Characters in the same phonetic series (田) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'iːŋs) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 田 (OC *l'iːŋ, “field”). \ Exopassive of 田 (OC *l'iːŋ, “field”), literally "what is being/has been cultivated" (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (田) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'iːŋs) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 田 (OC *l'iːŋ, “field”). \ Exopassive of 田 (OC *l'iːŋ, “field”), literally "what is being/has been cultivated" (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (田) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'iːŋs) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 田 (OC *l'iːŋ, “field”). \ Exopassive of 田 (OC *l'iːŋ, “field”), literally "what is being/has been cultivated" (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (田) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'iːŋs) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 田 (OC *l'iːŋ, “field”). \ Exopassive of 田 (OC *l'iːŋ, “field”), literally "what is being/has been cultivated" (Schuessler, 2007).
|big; great; vast; wide • widespread; universal ‖ name of a river
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : din⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tián • Middle-Chinese : denH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : din¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tin⁴
|(literary) suburbs of the capital • (literary) field; open country; used in place names, chiefly in Yunnan and North-Eastern China • (obsolete) to govern • (obsolete) crops ‖ (chiefly Cantonese) Used in transcription. ‖ Only used in 沉甸甸 (chéndiàndiàn). ‖ to hunt (wild animals)
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|溥 • (bu, bak) · 溥 • (bu, bak) (hangeul 부, 박, revised bu, bak, McCune–Reischauer pu, pak, Yale pu, pak)
|甸 • (jeon, seung) · 甸 • (jeon, seung) (hangeul 전, 승)
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|Hán-Nôm : điện • Hán-Nôm : điền
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|溥
|甸
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|溼
|畝
|Originally written as 畮, a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mɯʔ) : semantic 田 (“field”) + phonetic 每 (OC *mɯːʔ). The phonetic component 每 was later replaced with 又, now written as the new phonetic component 久 (OC *kʷlɯʔ). The component 十 was added above 田 in the Warring States period and was later corrupted into 亠 in clerical script. \ Possibly Sino-Tibetan. Compare Tibetan རྨོ (rmo), རྨོས (rmos, “to plow”), རྨོད (rmod, “plowing”), རྨོན་པ (rmon pa, “plow-ox”), Karbi [Term?] (-mò, “classifier for strips of fields”) (Bodman, 1980; Baxter, 1992; Schuessler, 2007). \ Schuessler (2007) also suggests a connection to an Austroasiatic root, whence Old Khmer cval (“to enter; to penetrate; (of animals) to copulate”), Khmu [script needed] (cmɔɔl, “to plant (rice) with a digging stick”), [script needed] (crmɔɔl, “digging stick”) (cf. Ferlus, 1987). The semantic development would be “digging stick” > “plowing” > “mu”. He also connects this to 牡 (OC *mɯwʔ, “male animal”); see there for more.
|Cantonese · Jyutping : mau⁵ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄨˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bóo • Middle-Chinese : muwX
|mu (a Chinese measuring unit currently equivalent to 666 and 2/3 meters squared in Mainland China) • (Classical) cropland
| ‖ 畝(ほ) • (ho)
| ‖ mu (Chinese unit of surface area)
|畝 (eumhun 이랑 무 (irang mu)) · 畝 (eumhun 이랑 묘 (irang myo))
|hanja form of 무/묘 (“mu (Chinese unit of surface area)”)
|Hán-Nôm : mẩu • Hán-Nôm : mẫu
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|畝
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|畢
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 田 (“field”) + 𠦒 (“net”) – a net used for hunting in the field. Compare with 單
|Cantonese · Jyutping : bat¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pit • Middle-Chinese : pjit
|(obsolete) a long-handled small net for catching birds or rabbits • (～宿) (Chinese astronomy) Net (one of Twenty-Eight Mansions) • (obsolete) to catch (birds or rabbits) using such a net • (literary) the whole of; all; together • to end; to finish • a surname
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|
|畢 • (pil) · 畢 • (pil) (hangeul 필, revised pil, McCune–Reischauer p'il, Yale phil)
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|Hán-Nôm : tất
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|畢
|-
|畫
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 聿 (“pen brush”) + 画 (“a field (田) enclosed on four sides”). Meaning of "field boundaries recorded with a brush". ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 聿 (“pen brush”) + 画 (“a field (田) enclosed on four sides”). Meaning of "field boundaries recorded with a brush".
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uě • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ue̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uāi • Middle-Chinese : hweak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄚˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄚˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uě • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huā • Middle-Chinese : hweaH
|to write; to draw; to paint • to divide by a line • Alternative form of 劃／划 (“to devise”) • stroke of Chinese character ‖ drawing; painting; picture (Classifier: 幅 m c mn; 張／张 m) • decorated with paintings
| ‖
|Kyūjitai form of 画 (picture) ‖
|畫 (eumhun 그림 화 (geurim hwa)) ‖ 畫 (eumhun 그을 획 (geueul hoek))
|hanja form of 화 (“picture; drawing; painting”) ‖ Alternative form of 劃 (“hanja form of 획 (“to draw a line; to mark”)”)
|Hán-Nôm : họa • Hán-Nôm : hoạ • Hán-Nôm : hoạch • Hán-Nôm : vạch • Hán-Nôm : vệt • Hán-Nôm : dạch • Hán-Nôm : vệch
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|
|畫
|-
|當
|Characters in the same phonetic series (尚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taːŋ, *taːŋs) : phonetic 尚 (OC *djaŋ, *djaŋs) + semantic 田 (“field”) – fields facing each other. \ 當 (OC *taːŋs, “right; suitable; ought to”) (pronunciation 2) is the exopassive derivation of 當 (OC *taːŋ, “to have the value of; to be equal of; to face; vis-à-vis”) (pronunciation 1), literally "what is being matched". \ 黨 (OC *taːŋʔ, “class; party”) is the endoactive derivation of 當 (OC *taːŋ, “to be equal of”), literally "that which is equal in rank" (Schuessler, 2007). \ Perhaps cognate with Tibetan དང (dang, “(together) with; and”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (尚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taːŋ, *taːŋs) : phonetic 尚 (OC *djaŋ, *djaŋs) + semantic 田 (“field”) – fields facing each other. \ 當 (OC *taːŋs, “right; suitable; ought to”) (pronunciation 2) is the exopassive derivation of 當 (OC *taːŋ, “to have the value of; to be equal of; to face; vis-à-vis”) (pronunciation 1), literally "what is being matched". \ 黨 (OC *taːŋʔ, “class; party”) is the endoactive derivation of 當 (OC *taːŋ, “to be equal of”), literally "that which is equal in rank" (Schuessler, 2007). \ Perhaps cognate with Tibetan དང (dang, “(together) with; and”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ 擋 (OC *taːŋʔ, *taːŋs, “to block; to obstruct”) is a derivative and was originally also written as 當 (Wang, 1982). ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖
|Cantonese · Jyutping : dong¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tong • Middle-Chinese : tang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dong³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǹg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tàng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tòng • Middle-Chinese : tangH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dong¹ • Middle-Chinese : tangH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤˇ • Middle-Chinese : tangH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄉㄤ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tong
|to face; to turn towards • to bear; to withstand; to resist • to undertake; to manage; to take charge of • to work as; to serve as • to match equally; to equal; to be equal to • just at the time of; just happen (to be at a certain moment) • just at (a place); at or in the very same • to meet; to happen to • (literary) still; to be • to regard something/someone as; to think; to treat something/someone as • (literary) to make a judgement; to sentence • ought; should • gap; space; break • a surname ‖ to match; to be equal to • (obsolete) to lead; to manage • proper; suitable; adequate; fitting; appropriate • to regard as; to consider as; to treat as • to think • to pawn; to put in pawn • pawn; something pawned • pawnshop (often used in names of pawnshops) • trick; fraud; deception • (Taiwan, slang, of teachers or professors) to fail someone ‖ Alternative form of 擋／挡 (“to block; to obstruct”) ‖ the same (day etc.) ‖ to take sides ‖ Alternative form of 噹／当 (“clang; clank; ding-dong”) ‖ A meaningless suffix. ‖ (Southern Min) at the time; right now; just happen
|
|
|溼
|Kyūjitai form of 当
|當 (eumhun 마땅할 당 (mattanghal dang))
|hanja form of 당 (“appropriate”)
|Hán-Nôm : đương • Hán-Nôm : đáng • Hán-Nôm : đang
|chữ Hán form of đang (“currently; just; now”).
|當
|-
|-
|滂
|畸
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pong⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phōng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄥ
|(of water) torrential; rushing • voluminous • (～母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 滂 (MC phang) ‖ Only used in 滂濞 (pēngpì) and 滂湃.
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|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kî • Middle-Chinese : kje
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|
|滂 • (bang) · 滂 • (bang) (hangeul 방, revised bang, McCune–Reischauer pang, Yale pang)
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|
|
|滂
|畸 • (gi) · 畸 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki)
|-
|滄
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshong
|(literary) blue; dark green (of water) • (literary) vast (of water) • (literary) cold; cool • Alternative form of 蒼／苍 (“grey”)
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|
|滄 • (chang) · 滄 • (chang) (hangeul 창, revised chang, McCune–Reischauer ch'ang, Yale chang)
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|
|滄
|畸
|-
|-
|滌
|疆
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dik⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ti̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tia̍k
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaŋ) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 彊 (OC *kaŋs, *ɡaŋ, *ɡaŋʔ). \ Variant or allofam of 境 (OC *kraŋʔ, “boundary”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|to wash; to cleanse • to sweep; to clean up • to eliminate; to remove
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : goeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiang • Middle-Chinese : kjang
|
|boundary; border; frontier • territory • limit; bound • (Hsinchu and Magong Hokkien) very big bowl • Short for 新疆 (Xīnjiāng). • a surname
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|
|滌 • (cheok) · 滌 • (cheok) (hangeul 척, revised cheok, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏk, Yale chek)
|boundary
|疆 • (gang) · 疆 • (gang) (hangeul 강, revised gang, McCune–Reischauer kang, Yale kang)
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|
|Hán-Nôm : cưng • Hán-Nôm : câng • Hán-Nôm : cương
|
|
|滌
|疆
|-
|-
|滓
|疙
|Cantonese · Jyutping : zi² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsái • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tái • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsáinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lái
| ‖
|dregs; sediment; residue
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Middle-Chinese : ngj+t ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜ
| ‖ 滓(かす) or 滓(カス) • (kasu)
|^‡ dull-minded ‖ Used in compounds.
| ‖ dregs; refuse; scum
|滓 • (jae) · 滓 • (jae) (hangeul 재, revised jae, McCune–Reischauer chae, Yale cay)
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|
|
|
|滓
|疙 • (heul) · 疙 • (heul) (hangeul 흘, revised heul, McCune–Reischauer hŭl, Yale hul)
|-
|滞
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : ngật • Hán-Nôm : ngất
|
|疙
|-
|疚
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiù • Middle-Chinese : kjuwH ‖
|chronic disease; chronic illness • guilt; sorrow ‖ (Cantonese, dated in Standard Cantonese) tired
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|a state of stopping; stagnate
|疚 • (gu) · 疚 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu)
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|滞
|疚
|-
|-
|滬
|疤
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hōo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hǒo
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *praː) : semantic 疒 + phonetic 巴 (OC *praː).
|weir; bamboo fence for catching fish • Shanghai • a surname
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pa
|scar; cicatrix (Classifier: 道 m; 條／条 m c) • mark (on a tool or implement) (Classifier: 道 m; 條／条 m c)
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|
|滬 • (ho) · 滬 • (ho) (hangeul 호, revised ho, McCune–Reischauer ho, Yale ho)
|疤 • (pa) · 疤 • (pa) (hangeul 파, revised pa, McCune–Reischauer p'a, Yale pha)
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|
|Hán-Nôm : ba
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|
|滬
|疤
|-
|-
|滲
|疹
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sam³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siàm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sìm
| ‖
|to seep; to infiltrate
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : can² • Cantonese · Jyutping : zan² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsín • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hm̂ • Middle-Chinese : tsyinX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄣˋ
|measles; rash ‖ Alternative form of 疢 (chèn, “fever; sickness; disease”)
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|
|to soak through, to infiltrate
|滲 (eum 삼 (sam))
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|
|疹 • (jin) · 疹 • (jin) (hangeul 진, revised jin, McCune–Reischauer chin, Yale cin)
|
|
|滲
|Hán-Nôm : chẩn
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|疹
|-
|-
|滾
|疼
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwan² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kún
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *dɯːŋ, *duːŋ) : semantic 疒 (“sickness”) + phonetic 冬 (OC *tuːŋ). \ Wang (1982) suggests that it is cognate with 痛 (OC *l̥ʰoːŋs, “painful”). \ Coblin (1986) derives it from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gdəngw (“pain; hurt”), comparing it to Tibetan གདུང་བ (gdung ba, “to feel pain”) and keeping it separate from the word family with 痛. Schuessler (2007) notes that this is a post-classical word. ‖ Unclear. Possibly from 聽 (OC *l̥ʰeːŋs, “to allow > to love”) (Li and Chen, 1991). ‖
|to roll; to turn; to rotate • (of a flood) to flow at great speed • to boil (bubble and turn to vapour) • (Cantonese, Gan, Hakka) boiling hot; scalding hot • (dialectal Hakka) hot; high in temperature (in general) • (chiefly as imperative, derogatory, colloquial, dismissal) to go away; to scram; to beat it; to get out • to roll along or about (in snow or flour); to get bigger • extremely; very • (sewing) to use a narrow piece of cut fabric to create an edge • a surname: Gun
|Cantonese · Jyutping : tang⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tung⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thn̂g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tn̂g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tông • Middle-Chinese : downg ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiànn ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : tung³
|painful; aching; sore • to be fond of; to love ‖ (Eastern Min, Southern Min) painful; aching; sore • (Eastern Min, Southern Min) to love; to cherish ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 痛 (“painful; aching; sore; to be fond of; to love”)
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|
|
|
|滾 (eum 곤 (gon))
|疼 • (dong) · 疼 • (dong) (hangeul 동, revised dong, McCune–Reischauer tong, Yale tong)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : đông • Hán-Nôm : đầng • Hán-Nôm : thấng • Hán-Nôm : thầng • Hán-Nôm : thậng • Hán-Nôm : đậng
|
|
|滾
|疼
|-
|-
|漕
|痊
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsô
|to transport grain by water • canal; waterway
|
|
|rowing • scull • paddle
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun⁴ • Middle-Chinese : tshjwen
|漕 (eum 조 (jo))
|to recover (from illness)
|
|
|漕
|-
|漣
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lin⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liân
|(of water) ripple • appearance of continuous weeping • (～水) river in Hunan province
| ‖
|ripple • (of tears) continuously flowing ‖
|漣 (eum 련 (ryeon), South Korea 연 (yeon))
|
|
|漣
|-
|漩
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : syun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suân ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : suān
|eddy, whirlpool ‖ (Southern Min, of liquid) to splash; to spray (from a small hole) • (Southern Min) to piss; to pee; to urinate • (Southern Min, figurative) to insult
|
|
|
|
|痊 • (jeon) · 痊 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen)
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|
|
|
|
|
|漩
|痊
|-
|-
|漪
|痰
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ī
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'aːm) : semantic 疒 (“illness”) + phonetic 炎 (OC *ɦlam).
|Short for 漣漪／涟漪 (liányī). • Alternative form of 猗
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thâm • Middle-Chinese : dam
|phlegm; sputum (Classifier: 口 m; 篤／笃 c; 啖 c)
| ‖ 痰(たん) • (tan)
|phlegm; sputum ‖ phlegm
|痰 • (dam) · 痰 • (dam) (hangeul 담, revised dam, McCune–Reischauer tam, Yale tam)
|
|
|ripple
|漪 (eum 의 (ui))
|
|
|
|
|漪
|痰
|-
|-
|漲
|瘍
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiùnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiònn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tńg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiàng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiáng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiùnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiònn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiàng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄤ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *laŋ) : semantic 疒 (“illness”) + phonetic 昜 (OC *laŋ).
|to rise; to go up; to increase ‖ Alternative form of 脹／胀 (zhàng, “to swell; to distend”) • to be filled • (Mainland China) to exceed by • a surname ‖ Alternative name for 南海 (Nánhǎi, “South Sea”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iûnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : i̍k • Middle-Chinese : yang
|sore; ulcer; carbuncle • to ulcerate; to fester
|
|
|swelling • boil • tumor
|瘍 • (yang) · 瘍 • (yang) (hangeul 양, revised yang, McCune–Reischauer yang, Yale yang)
|
|
|漲 (eum 창 (chang))
|
|
|
|
|漲
|瘍
|-
|-
|漳
|瘟
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsionn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiong
|(～河) Zhang River (river flowing from Shanxi to Hebei) • (～江) Zhang River (river in Fujian) • Short for 漳州 (Zhāngzhōu). • a surname
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : un
|epidemic; plague; pestilence
|
|
|漳 • (jang) · 漳 • (jang) (hangeul 장, revised jang, McCune–Reischauer chang, Yale cang)
|contagious disease
|瘟 • (on) · 瘟 • (on) (hangeul 온, revised on, McCune–Reischauer on, Yale on)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : ôn
|
|
|漳
|瘟
|-
|-
|漿
|瘤
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsionn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiaunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄤˋ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *m·ru, *m·rus) : semantic 疒 (“illness”) + phonetic 留 (OC *m·ru, *m·rus).
|(obsolete) an ancient sour drink • thick fluid (in general) • drink; beverage; juice • rice water; broth • paste; starch • to soak washed clothes in rice water to make them smooth and stiff after drying; to starch • (dialectal) soy milk • (Cantonese) to be covered by thick fluid ‖ Alternative form of 糨 (jiàng)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau⁴⁻² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liû • Middle-Chinese : ljuw • Middle-Chinese : ljuwH
|tumor (Classifier: 個／个 c) • (regional) bump; swelling; bruise (Classifier: 個／个 c)
|
|
|rice water, broth, gruel • drinkstuff
|bump • swelling or tumor
|漿 • (jang) · 漿 • (jang) (hangeul 장, revised jang, McCune–Reischauer chang, Yale cang)
|瘤 • (ryu>yu) · 瘤 • (ryu>yu) (hangeul 류>유, revised ryu>yu, McCune–Reischauer ryu>yu, Yale lyu>yu)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : lựu
|
|
|漿
|瘤
|-
|-
|潑
|瘦
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : put³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phuah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phuat ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *srus) : semantic 疒 + phonetic 叟 (OC *suːʔ). ‖
|to pour; to splash • to submerge; to drown • to brew (tea); to make (tea) • wild and unreasonable • fierce and bold • bad; poor • (Hokkien, intransitive) to splatter; to splash • (Xiamen Hokkien) to fan • (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) Classifier for short periods of an event. ‖ Only used in 潑潑／泼泼 (bōbō, “wiggling of fish's tail”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄡˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sòo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : só • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sóo • Middle-Chinese : srjuwH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : sán
|(of a person or animal) thin; slender; skinny • (of meat) lean • to lose weight; to become thin ‖ (Southern Min) Alternative form of 㾪
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|
|pour • splash • water • sprinkle • violent • malignant
|Kyūjitai form of 痩 (to become thin; to lose weight)
|潑 (eumhun 물뿌릴 발 (mulppuril bal))
|瘦 • (su) · 瘦 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu)
|sprinkle water • fierce
|thin • emaciated • lean • meager
|Hán-Nôm : sấu • Hán-Nôm : xấu
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|潑
|瘦
|-
|-
|潜
|瘩
|
|Considered a 後起字／后起字 (hòuqǐzì). Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 疒 (“illness”) + phonetic 荅 (dá). ‖ Considered a 後起字／后起字 (hòuqǐzì). Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 疒 (“illness”) + phonetic 荅 (dá).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄉㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : daap³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : daat⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tap • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tah ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄚˊ
|Only used in 疙瘩 (gēda), etc. ‖ Only used in 瘩背.
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|潜 • (jam) · 潜 • (jam) (hangeul 잠, revised jam, McCune–Reischauer cham, Yale cam)
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|
|Hán-Nôm : đáp
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|
|潜
|瘩
|-
|-
|潦
|瘸
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : liu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : liu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ló • Hokkien · Tai-lo : láu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liáu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁵ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁶
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷal) : semantic 疒 (“sickness”) + phonetic 加 (OC *kraːl) + semantic 肉 (“flesh”).
|Used in 潦倒 (liáodǎo) and 潦草 (liáocǎo). • Alternative form of 燎 (“to burn; to scald”) ‖ heavy rain • (of rain) heavy; torrential • puddle; accumulated water ‖ flooded; inundated • flooding • to flood
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ke⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : koe⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khêr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiô • Middle-Chinese : gjwa
|lame; crippled
|
|
|heavy rain
|潦 • (ryo>yo) · 潦 • (ryo>yo) (hangeul 료>요, revised ryo>yo, McCune–Reischauer ryo>yo, Yale lyo>yo)
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|
|
|
|潦
|-
|潸
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : san
|(literary) tearful • (literary) to shed tears
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : qua • Hán-Nôm : cài
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|
|潸 • (san) · 潸 • (san) (hangeul 산, revised san, McCune–Reischauer san, Yale san)
|瘸
|-
|療
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rews) : semantic 疒 (“disease”) + phonetic 尞 ().
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : liu⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : liu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâu • Middle-Chinese : ljewH
|to treat; to cure; to heal • therapy; treatment
|
|
|heal • cure
|療 (eumhun 고칠 료 (gochil ryo), word-initial (South Korea) 고칠 요 (gochil yo))
|hanja form of 료/요 (“heal; cure”)
|Hán-Nôm : liệu
|
|
|潸
|療
|-
|-
|潺
|癌
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshan ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan⁴
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 疒 + phonetic 嵒 (OC *ŋrɯːm, *ŋjab); 嵒／岩 (yán) is a variant of 岩 (yán). \ From 岩 (yán, “cliff; rock, stone”), since some cancers present as lumps or outgrowths on the body. \ In Mandarin, this character used to be pronounced identically as 岩 (yán). Its pronunciation was changed to ái in December 1962 to avoid the homophony between 癌 (yán, “cancer”) and 炎 (yán, “inflammation”) (compare 肺炎 (fèiyán, “pneumonia”) and 肺癌 (fèi'ái, “lung cancer”)). The new pronunciation ái stems from dialectal pronunciations of 岩 (“rock; cliff”) /ŋai/, influenced by 崖 (yá, yái, “cliff”).
|The sound or appearance of flowing water. Used in compounds. ‖ (Cantonese) slime; mucus • (Matsu Eastern Eastern Min) spring water, water from the ground or from cracks in rocks
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gâm
|cancer; carcinoma
| ‖ 癌(がん) or 癌(ガン) • (gan)
|cancer ‖ (medicine, oncology, pathology) cancer • (figurative) cancer
|癌 (eumhun 암 암 (am am))
|hanja form of 암 (“cancer”)
|canonical : 癌: Hán Việt readings: nham 癌: Nôm readings: nham
|chữ Hán form of nham (“cancer, mainly in compounds”).
|癌
|-
|癖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰeɡ, *pʰeːɡ) : semantic 疒 + phonetic 辟 (OC *peɡ, *pʰeɡ, *beɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰeɡ, *pʰeːɡ) : semantic 疒 + phonetic 辟 (OC *peɡ, *pʰeɡ, *beɡ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiak • Middle-Chinese : phjiek • Middle-Chinese : phek ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : phia̍h
|craving; disposition; addiction; habit; weakness for • (Hokkien) temperament; attitude; disposition • (traditional Chinese medicine) Alternative form of 痞 (pǐ, “lump in the abdomen; splenomegaly; indigestion”) ‖ (Hokkien) measles • (Mainland China Hokkien) rash (in general)
| ‖ 癖(くせ) • (kuse) ^(←くせ (kuse)?) ‖ 癖(へき) • (heki) ^(←へき (feki)?)
|habit; tendency ‖ habit; tendency • unusual trait; peculiarity • a bend or distortion that cannot be easily straightened or flattened · kink; curl (in hair) • a bend or distortion that cannot be easily straightened or flattened · crease (in clothing) ‖ habit; tendency
|癖 (eumhun 버릇 벽 (beoreut byeok))
|hanja form of 벽 (“habit”)
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|
|
|
|潺 • (jan) · 潺 • (jan) (hangeul 잔, revised jan, McCune–Reischauer chan, Yale can)
|癖
|-
|發
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pad) : semantic 弓 (“bow”) + phonetic 癹 (OC *pʰaːd, *baːd). \ STEDT compares 發 (OC *pad) to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-p(r)ats (“to vomit”), whence Proto-Lolo-Burmese *C-pat (“to vomit”) (> Burmese ပစ် (pac, “to shoot, to throw, to eject”)) and Jingpho ǹ-phàt (“to vomit”). \ According to Schuessler (2007), this is an area word; compare Proto-Vietic *ɓah (“to vomit”), Mon ပန် (“to shoot”). \ A derivation is probably 廢 (OC *pads, “to cast aside”). ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄚ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hua̍t • Middle-Chinese : pjot ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : but³ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : faak³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : faak⁶
|to shoot; to launch • to issue · to distribute • to issue · to ship; to send for delivery • to issue · to post; to send message • to issue · to publish • to issue · to emit • to issue · to escape • to issue · (chiefly of plants or plant parts) to grow out; (of flowers) to blossom • to issue · (Hokkien) to grow out (teeth, etc.) • to issue • to depart; to leave • to dispatch • to expand; to extend; to spread · to rise; to emerge • to expand; to extend; to spread · (colloquial) to gain wealth; to become rich; to make a fortune • to expand; to extend; to spread · (of food) to rise, expand, or become porous, especially as a result of leavening • to expand; to extend; to spread · (of food) to rise, expand, or become porous, especially as a result of leavening · (Mainland China Hokkien) to become fluffy and large or bloom like a flower due to leavening • to expand; to extend; to spread • to initiate; to give start to • to generate; to produce • to become; to get into a certain state • ^⁜ to open; to remove what seals, blocks, or shuts • to make manifest; to express; to act out • (figurative, of the mind) to make clear; to enlighten; to open up; to stimulate • Classifier for ammunition. • (slang) Classifier for ejaculation. • (Hokkien) to show effect; to break out • (Mainland China Hokkien) to go bad; to deteriorate; to become rotten • (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to have quicklime react by mixing with water • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) stirred with water and squeezed repeatedly becoming dense and flexible (of flour, earth, etc.) ‖ bent; crooked • Used in 發發／发发 (bōbō, “numerous; sound of strong wind or fish jumping”). ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 𢪎 (“to whip; to whisk”)
|
|
|Kyūjitai form of 発
|發 (eumhun 필 발 (pil bal))
|hanja form of 발 (“to shoot; to emit; to discharge”) [affix] • hanja form of 발 (“departing from; originating from”) [suffix]
|Hán-Nôm : phát • Hán-Nôm : phắt • Hán-Nôm : phết
|
|
|潺
|發
|-
|-
|潼
|皂
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tông
|Variant form of 皁／皂 (zào), in turn a variant form of 早 retaining its original sense (see there for more).
|high, lofty • damp • Tong Pass (潼關) • Tong River (潼河)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zou⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsǒo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsō • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsǒ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsô
|black • Short for 皂斗 (“acorn”). • Short for 皂莢／皂荚 (zàojiá, “Chinese honey locust (Gleditsia sinensis)”). • soap • yamen runner
|
|
|
|
|潼 • (dong) · 潼 • (dong) (hangeul 동, revised dong, McCune–Reischauer tong, Yale tong)
|
|
|
|
|潼
|canonical : 皂: Hán Việt readings: tạo • canonical : sàu • canonical : sạu • canonical : tạu • canonical : sạo
|-
|澀
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saap³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sap¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gip³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siap • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sip
|(of surfaces) rough; unsmooth • astringent; acerbic; tart • (of writing) hard to understand; obscure; not flowing • (of speech) ineloquent; sluggish • (Southern Min) stingy; miserly
|
|
|Alternative form of 渋
|皂
|
|
|
|澀
|-
|-
|澆
|皓
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hiu¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : giu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiâu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngou⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁶
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡuːʔ) : semantic 白 (“white”) + phonetic 告 (OC *kuːɡs, *kuːɡ). \ Compare Proto-Tai *xaːwᴬ (“white”) (whence Zhuang hau and Thai ขาว (kǎao)) and Proto-Hlai *kʰaːw (“white”) (Matisoff, 1988).
|to pour (liquid) • to irrigate (using a waterwheel) • to water; to sprinkle • to cast; to shape metal; to mold • (literary, or in compounds) frivolous; disrespectful; discourteous ‖ Used in personal names.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hō • Middle-Chinese : hawX
|bright white; luminous white; shimmering white (e.g. of the moon, or of a beautiful woman) • white-haired; hoary • (～日) (telegraphy) the nineteenth day of a month • a surname • Alternative form of 昊 (hào, “vast (of the sky)”)
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|
|
|
|澆 • (yo) · 澆 • (yo) (hangeul 요, revised yo, McCune–Reischauer yo, Yale yo)
|皓 • (ho) · 皓 • (ho) (hangeul 호, revised ho, McCune–Reischauer ho, Yale ho)
|
|
|
|
|澆
|-
|澗
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaan² • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaan³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kàn
|brook between mountains; mountain stream • a numeral that refers to 10³⁶ or others • (historical, Hokkien) alleyway, alley, narrow street
| ‖ 澗(かん) • (kan)
| ‖ undecillion, a number of 10³⁶ in modern Japanese since 17th century.
|澗 (eumhun 산골 물 간 (san'gol mul gan))
|Hanja form of 간 (“mountain stream”).
|
|
|澗
|皓
|-
|-
|澧
|皖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lai⁵
|This term (Wǎn) is used to refer to the Anhui province of eastern China because there were historically a State of Wan, a Mount Wan, and a Wan River in the province. ‖ This term (Wǎn) is used to refer to the Anhui province of eastern China because there were historically a State of Wan, a Mount Wan, and a Wan River in the province.
|(～水) Lishui River (a river in Hunan, China) • (～河, ～水) Lihe River (a river in Henan, China) • (～縣) Li County (a county of Hunan) • Alternative form of 醴 (lǐ, “sweet”) • a surname
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wun⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wun² ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄢˋ • Middle-Chinese : hwaenX
|
|Alternative name for 安徽 (Ānhuī, “Anhui province”). ‖ bright; bright star
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|
|澧 • (rye>ye) · 澧 • (rye>ye) (hangeul 례>예, revised rye>ye, McCune–Reischauer rye>ye, Yale lyey>yey)
|Venus (Astronomy)
|皖 • (hwan) · 皖 • (hwan) (hangeul 환, revised hwan, McCune–Reischauer hwan, Yale hwan)
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|
|Hán-Nôm : hoản
|
|
|澧
|皖
|-
|-
|澱
|盈
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : din⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiān
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 夃 (“exceed/augment”) + 皿 (“vessel”) – to add too much (liquid) to a vessel. \ Compare Proto-Tibeto-Burman *(p/b)liŋ (“full; fill”), whence Chepang ब्लीङ्सा (bliŋ‑, “to be full; fill”), Burmese ပြည့် (prany., “to be full”), Burmese ဖြည့် (hprany., “to add”) (Schuessler, 2007, STEDT). An allofam is perhaps 孕 (OC *lɯŋs, “pregnant”), as well as 填 (OC *diːn, *diːns, *tin, *tins, “to fill up”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|to settle; to precipitate • sediment; dregs
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jing⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iânn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : innh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : îng • Middle-Chinese : yeng
|
|to fill; to be full of; to be filled with • to have a surplus; to have excess • (of a person's body, or handwriting) well-developed; full-grown; shapely; curvaceous; plump • (obsolete) vigorous; exuberant • (literary) to reach • (literary) to increase • (obsolete) proud; arrogant • a surname
|
| ‖ 盈(えい) • (ei)
|澱 • (jeon) · 澱 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen)
|fill • surplus ‖ to be full; to be filled; (of moon) to wax
|盈 • (yeong) · 盈 • (yeong) (hangeul 영, revised yeong, McCune–Reischauer yŏng, Yale yeng)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : dềnh • Hán-Nôm : doanh • Hán-Nôm : giềng • Hán-Nôm : diềng • Hán-Nôm : riêng
|
|
|澱
|盈
|-
|-
|澹
|盒
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : daam⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taam⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tām • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǎm ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taam⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tâm ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄢ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tâm
|From 合 (OC *ɡuːb, “to be together; to close”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|calm and indifferent to fame and fortune • quiet; tranquil • light (of taste); insipid • (of water) to ripple • a surname ‖ Only used in 澹臺／澹台 (Tántái, “a surname”). ‖ Only used in 澹林. ‖ (dialectal Eastern Min, Southern Min, Puxian Min) wet; damp; moist
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ha̍p • Hokkien · Tai-lo : a̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : a̍p • Middle-Chinese : hop
|
|box; case (generally small, with a lid) (Classifier: 個／个 c) • Classifier for boxes or cases.
|
|
|澹 • (dam, seom) · 澹 • (dam, seom) (hangeul 담, 섬, revised dam, seom, McCune–Reischauer tam, sŏm, Yale tam, sem)
|
|
|盒 • (hap) · 盒 • (hap) (hangeul 합, revised hap, McCune–Reischauer hap, Yale hap)
|
|
|澹
|canonical : 盒: Hán Việt readings: hạp 盒: Nôm readings: hạp • canonical : hộp • canonical : ộp • canonical : thạp
|chữ Hán form of hạp (“box, container”). • Nôm form of hộp (“box”).
|盒
|-
|-
|濂
|盔
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lim⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâm
|a waterfall • A river in Hunan
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwai¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khue • Middle-Chinese : khwoj
|helmet • bowl; basin
|
|
|濂 • (ryeom>yeom) · 濂 • (ryeom>yeom) (hangeul 렴>염, revised ryeom>yeom, McCune–Reischauer ryŏm>yŏm, Yale lyem>yem)
|helmet • bowl; basin
|盔 • (hoe) · 盔 • (hoe) (hangeul 회, revised hoe, McCune–Reischauer hoe, Yale hoy)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : khôi
|
|
|濂
|盔
|-
|-
|濕
|盜
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sap¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sip ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄚˋ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : sap¹
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 㳄 (“spitting man”) + 皿 (“dish”) – a man spitting into a dish, an oath among thieves.
|wet; damp; moist; humid • (traditional Chinese medicine) delayed; impassable • to wet; to dampen ‖ An ancient river in Shandong ‖ (Cantonese, vehicles) shaft; driveshaft (Classifier: 條／条 c)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dou⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tō • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tōo • Middle-Chinese : dawH
|
|(transitive) to steal • ^⁜ illegally • ^⁜ thief; robber
|
|
|濕 • (seup) · 濕 • (seup) (hangeul 습, revised seup, McCune–Reischauer sŭp, Yale sup)
|
|
|盜 (eumhun 도둑 도 (doduk do))
|hanja form of 도 (“thief”)
|Hán-Nôm : đạo
|
|
|濕
|盜
|-
|-
|濘
|盡
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ning⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : líng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līng
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 聿 (“hand holding a brush”) + 灬 (“bristles”) + 皿 (“dish”) – cleaning a dish with a brush – empty. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dzin (“to exhaust; to come to an end”). Cognate with Tibetan ཟིན (zin, “to be finished; to draw near an end”).
|mud • miry, muddy, stagnant
|Cantonese · Jyutping : zeon⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄣˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsīn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsǐn • Middle-Chinese : dzinX
|to end; to finish; to be exhausted • to reach the end • to exhaust; to use to the fullest extent • to die • all; completely; entirely
|
|
|exhaust, use up
|盡 • (jin) · 盡 • (jin) (hangeul 진)
|exhaust, use up • deplete
|Hán-Nôm : tận • Hán-Nôm : hết
|
|
|濘 • (nyeong>yeong) · 濘 • (nyeong>yeong) (hangeul 녕>영, revised nyeong>yeong, McCune–Reischauer nyŏng>yŏng, Yale nyeng>yeng)
|盡
|
|
|濘
|-
|-
|濛
|盯
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bông
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rteŋʔ, *rdeŋ) : semantic 目 (“eye”) + phonetic 丁 (OC *rteːŋ, *teːŋ).
|drizzling, misty, raining
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ding¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : deng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tìng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ting • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tàn • Middle-Chinese : draeng • Middle-Chinese : traengX
|to gaze upon; to keep eyes on; to stare at
|
|
|to stare, to fix one's eyes on
|
|
|濛 (eum 몽 (mong))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : đinh
|
|
|濛
|盯
|-
|-
|濠
|盹
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hô
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tuːnʔ, *tjuns) : semantic 目 (“eye”) + phonetic 屯 (OC *duːn, *tun) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tuːnʔ, *tjuns) : semantic 目 (“eye”) + phonetic 屯 (OC *duːn, *tun)
|moat; trench; ditch
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : deon⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeon³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tùn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuh • Middle-Chinese : tsywinH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄣ
| ‖ 濠(ごう) • (gō) ^(←がう (gau)?) ‖ 濠(ほり) • (hori)
|doze; nap; nod ‖ Alternative form of 𥇜
|moat, trench • (abbreviation) Australia (a country and island in Oceania) • (abbreviation) (geology) Australia (a continent consisting of the islands of Australia, New Guinea and intervening islands) ‖ moat, trench ‖ ditch, canal • moat
|濠 (eum 호 (ho))
|
|
|
|
|濠
|盹 • (sun) · 盹 • (sun) (hangeul 순, revised sun, McCune–Reischauer sun, Yale swun)
|-
|濡
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : su
|immerse, moisten • wet, damp • Used in 濡忍.
|
|
|wet
|濡 (eum 유 (yu))
|
|
|
|
|濡
|盹
|-
|-
|濤
|盼
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄠ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tôo
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰrɯːns) : semantic 目 + phonetic 分 (OC *pɯn, *bɯns).
|billows; large waves • sound of the sea
|Cantonese · Jyutping : paan³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phàn • Middle-Chinese : pheanH
|(archaic, of the eyes) with pupils and whites clearly separated; clear and bright • to look; to see • to hope for; to long for; to expect; to look forward to
|
|
|waves, billows
|look • gaze • expect • hope for
|濤 (eumhun 물결 도 (mulgyeol do))
|盼 • (ban) · 盼 • (ban) (hangeul 반)
|Hanja form of 도 (“waves”).
|look • gaze • expect • hope for
|Hán-Nôm : phán
|
|
|濤
|盼
|-
|-
|濬
|眨
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeon⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeon³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon³
|(alt. form 浚) to dredge; to dig (a waterway, well, etc.) • (alt. form 浚) deep; profound • ^† to enlighten; to elucidate; to clear up
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaam² • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaap³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsap • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsha̍p • Middle-Chinese : tsreap
|to blink; to wink • (Hakka) to close one's eyes
|
|
|濬 (eum 준 (jun))
|wink
|眨 • (jap) · 眨 • (jap) (hangeul 잡, revised jap, McCune–Reischauer chap, Yale cap)
|wink
|
|
|
|
|濬
|眨
|-
|-
|濺
|眶
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cin² • Cantonese · Jyutping : cin³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuānn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiān ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin¹
|to splash; to splatter ‖ Used in 濺濺／溅溅 (jiānjiān)
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄤˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwaang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hong¹ • Middle-Chinese : khjwang
|eye socket, cranial orbit • rim of the eye; skin around the eyes
|
|
|濺 • (cheon) · 濺 • (cheon) (hangeul 천)
|
|
|
|
|濺
|-
|濾
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lī
|to strain out; to filter
|
|
|filter, strain
|濾 • (ryeo>yeo) · 濾 • (ryeo>yeo) (hangeul 려>여, revised ryeo>yeo, McCune–Reischauer ryŏ>yŏ, Yale lye>ye)
|
|
|
|
|濾
|眶
|-
|-
|瀆
|眷
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : duk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : to̍k ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dau⁶
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *krons) : phonetic 龹 () + semantic 目 (“eye”). ‖
|(literary) ditch; sluice; gutter; drain • (literary) great river; large river • (literary) to show disrespect or contempt, to be rude to, to annoy, to profane ‖ Alternative form of 竇／窦 (dòu, “opening; hole”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gyun³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuàn • Middle-Chinese : kjwenH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄢˋ
|relatives ‖ (literary) take interest in; care for
|
|
|ditch • sluice • gutter, drain • blaspheme, pollute
|瀆 (eum 독 (dok))
|ditch • pollute
|
|
|瀆
|眷 (eum 권 (gwon))
|
|Hán-Nôm : quyến • Hán-Nôm : quấn • Hán-Nôm : cuốn • Hán-Nôm : quẹn
|
|眷
|-
|-
|瀉
|眺
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : se³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : se² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sià
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰeːws) : semantic 目 (“eye”) + phonetic 兆 (OC *l'ewʔ).
|to pour out; to flow rapidly; to pour down • to leak; to drain off • to have loose bowels; to have diarrhea • to plummet • (Hakka) to break; to smash
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tiu³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiàu • Middle-Chinese : thewH
| ‖
|to cast sidelong glances • (alt. form 覜／眺) to gaze afar; to look from a distance See also: 眺望 • to look at; to gaze • (archaic, Buddhism) to examine; to investigate • ^‡ to avoid
|evacuation ‖
|
|瀉 (eum 사 (sa))
|to look at; to gaze
|drain off, leak • flow, pour down
|眺 (eumhun 바라볼 조 (barabol jo))
|hanja form of 조 (“to look at; to gaze”)
|Hán-Nôm : thiếu
|
|
|瀉
|眺
|-
|-
|瀋
|睛
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sam² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sím
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleŋʔ) : semantic 目 + phonetic 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleŋʔ) : semantic 目 + phonetic 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleŋʔ) : semantic 目 + phonetic 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ).
|(obsolete) liquid; juice • to pour • Short for 瀋陽／沈阳 (Shěnyáng).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : zing¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsing • Middle-Chinese : tsjeng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cing² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshíng • Middle-Chinese : tshjengX ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshíng
|eyeball • pupil of eye ‖ (literary) Only used in 眳睛. ‖ (Hokkien) Only used in 覷睛／觑睛.
|
|
|
|
|瀋 • (sim) · 瀋 • (sim) (hangeul 심, revised sim, McCune–Reischauer sim, Yale sim)
|睛 (eumhun 눈동자 정 (nundongja jeong))
|hanja form of 정 (“pupil”)
|
|
|
|
|瀋
|睛
|-
|-
|瀏
|睫
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liû ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄡ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔseb) : semantic 目 (“eye”) + phonetic 疌 (OC *zeb)
|^† (of water) clear; deep ‖ Alternative form of 溜 (“to sneak off”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zit⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zip³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zit³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiap • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tseeh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tseh • Middle-Chinese : tsjep
|eyelash
|
|
|clear
|eyelashes
|瀏 • (ryu>yu) · 瀏 • (ryu>yu) (hangeul 류>유, revised ryu>yu, McCune–Reischauer ryu>yu, Yale lyu>yu)
|睫 • (cheop) · 睫 • (cheop) (hangeul 첩, revised cheop, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏp, Yale chep)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tiệp
|
|
|瀏
|睫
|-
|-
|瀕
|睬
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pin
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰɯːʔ) : semantic 目 (“eye”) + phonetic 采 (OC *sʰɯːʔ).
|water's edge; waterside • to be close to; to border on • approach; near; be on verge of
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄞˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshái
|to notice, to pay attention to; to heed
|
|
|
|
|瀕 (eum 빈 (bin))
|睬 • (chae) · 睬 • (chae) (hangeul 채)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : thải • Hán-Nôm : thái
|
|
|瀕
|睬
|-
|-
|瀚
|睹
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hon⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hān
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taːʔ) : semantic 目 + phonetic 者 (OC *tjaːʔ). \ Proposed to be cognate with Tibetan ལྟ (lta, “to look at, to see”) (LaPolla, 1994), which is derived from Proto-Bodic *l-ta-s/t (“to see, to look”) (STEDT). It has also been connected with Proto-Tai *p.taːᴬ (“eye”) (Unger, 1990).
|vast; wide; extensive
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dou² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tóo • Middle-Chinese : tuX
|to see; to look at • to observe; to witness • a surname
|
|
|
|
|瀚 • (han) · 瀚 • (han) (hangeul 한, revised han, McCune–Reischauer han, Yale han)
|睹 • (do) · 睹 • (do) (hangeul 도, revised do, McCune–Reischauer to, Yale to)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : đổ • Hán-Nôm : đủ
|
|
|瀚
|睹
|-
|-
|瀛
|瞄
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jing⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : îng
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 目 (“eye”) + phonetic 苗
|(archaic, or in compounds) ocean; sea • (obsolete) marsh • a surname
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : miu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : biâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : biô
|to aim; to take aim at • to set sight on • to peek at; to glance at • (Cantonese) to target at
|
|
|
|
|瀛 (eum 영 (yeong))
|sea
|
|
|瀛
|-
|瀝
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lik⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : li̍k ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : lik¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lek⁶
|to drip; to trickle • drop; drip • sediment of wine; dregs ‖ Used in 瀝源／沥源 (“Lek Yuen, Hong Kong”). ‖ Used in 大瀝／大沥 (Dàlì, “Dali, Guangdong”).
|
|
|dropping
|Hán-Nôm : miểu • Hán-Nôm : miêu
|瀝 • (ryeok>yeok) · 瀝 • (ryeok>yeok) (hangeul 력>역, revised ryeok>yeok, McCune–Reischauer ryŏk>yŏk, Yale lyek>yek)
|
|
|瞄
|-
|瞎
|
|
|瀝
|Cantonese · Jyutping : hat⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khueh • Middle-Chinese : xaet
|-
|to be blind • at random; aimlessly • (colloquial) to fail • (dialectal) to become tangled • (dialectal Mandarin, including Dungan) bad • (Wu) very; extremely
|瀟
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : siu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siau
|(of water) deep and clear • (～水) Xiao River (a river in Hunan, China)
|
|
|
|
|瀟 (eum 소 (so))
|瞎 (eumhun 애꾸눈 할 (aekkunun hal))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : hạt • Hán-Nôm : hắt • Hán-Nôm : hặt • Hán-Nôm : hát
|
|
|瀟
|瞎
|-
|-
|瀰
|瞧
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nei⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bî ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧˊ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 目 (“eye”) + phonetic 焦.
|(of water) full; overflowing; deep; expansive • (alt. form 彌／弥) full ‖ (obsolete) flow
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiâu
|(colloquial) to look; to see; to take a glance at • (colloquial) to diagnose and treat • (colloquial) to visit; to see
|
|
|
|
|瀰 (eum 미 (mi))
|
|
|full
|瀰
|-
|瀾
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lân ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lǎn ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : nuā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nuǎ
|wave; billow • ripple • to surge; to swell • ^† Alternative form of 灡／𬉠 (lán, “water from washed rice”) ‖ Used in 瀾漫／澜漫 and 瀾汗／澜汗. ‖ (chiefly Hakka, Min, Southern Wu) saliva
|
|
|large waves
|Hán-Nôm : tiều
|瀾 (eumhun 물결 란 (mulgyeol ran), South Korea 물결 난 (mulgyeol nan))
|Hanja form of 란/난 (“wave”).
|
|
|瀾
|瞧
|-
|-
|灑
|瞪
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saa² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sèe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sá • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sè ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˊ
|
|to sprinkle; to splash • to scatter; to throw • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 洗 • Alternative form of 蓰 ‖ Alternative form of 釃／酾 • Used in 離灑／离洒. ‖ cold • terrified ‖ Only used in 淋灑／淋洒.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dang⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cing⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caang⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tīng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tìnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tènn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshînn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thînn • Middle-Chinese : dreang • Middle-Chinese : dring • Middle-Chinese : dringH
|to open one's eyes wide • to give a hard look; to glare at
|
|
|pour • sprinkle • wash • purify • be clean/refreshed
|灑 • (sae, swae) · 灑 • (sae, swae) (hangeul 새, 쇄, revised sae, swae, McCune–Reischauer sae, swae, Yale say, sway)
|
|
|瞪 • (jing) · 瞪 • (jing) (hangeul 징, revised jing, McCune–Reischauer ching, Yale cing)
|
|
|灑
|Hán-Nôm : trừng • Hán-Nôm : trưng
|-
|灘
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuann • Hokkien · Tai-lo : than
|shoal • beach • Classifier for liquid or paste spread over a surface: pool; puddle
| ‖ 灘(なだ) • (nada)
| ‖ area of a sea or an ocean with strong winds or surging waves; rough sea
|灘 (eumhun 여울 탄 (yeoul tan))
|Hanja form of 탄 (“shoal”).
|
|
|灘
|瞪
|-
|-
|灯
|瞻
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjam) : semantic 目 (“eye”) + phonetic 詹 (OC *tjam)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zim¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiam • Middle-Chinese : tsyem
|to look up or forward • to look with reverence; to look up to • to observe
|
|
|
|
| ‖ 灯(とう) • (tō) ‖ 灯(とう) • (-tō) ‖ 灯(とう) • (-tō) ‖ 灯(とう) • (tō) ‖ 灯(ともし) • (tomoshi) ‖ 灯(ともしび) • (tomoshibi) ‖ 灯(とぼし) • (toboshi) ‖ 灯(とぼし) • (Toboshi) ‖ 灯(とぼしび) • (toboshibi) ‖ 灯(あかし) • (akashi) ‖ 灯(ひ) • (hi)
|瞻 • (cheom) · 瞻 • (cheom) (hangeul 첨, revised cheom, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏm, Yale chem)
| ‖ a light, lamp ‖ counter for 電灯 (dentō, “electric lights”) ‖ electric light ‖ light, lamp • (by extension) Buddhist teaching ‖ a light • Alternative spelling of 照射 (tomoshi): a torch used to bait deer when night hunting ‖ a light • a lit flame (such as of a candle or torch) • (historical, obsolete) under the 律令 (Ritsuryō) system of the Heian period, a kind of scholarship granted to university students ‖ (archaic) an indoor torch • (archaic) Alternative form of 灯 (tomoshi) ‖ a placename ‖ (archaic) Alternative form of 灯 (tomoshibi) ‖ a light, lamp • (Shinto, Buddhism) a light (or lighted lamp) offered to a kami or buddha ‖ a light, lamp
|
|
|romanization : chiêm
|
|
|
|瞻
|灯
|-
|-
|炉
|矗
|Triplication of 直 (“straight”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cuk¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zuk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshak • Middle-Chinese : tsrhjuwk • Middle-Chinese : trhjuwk
|upright; erect; lofty
|
|
|to stand towering over the surroundings
|矗 • (chok) · 矗 • (chok) (hangeul 촉, revised chok, McCune–Reischauer ch'ok, Yale chok)
|
|
| ‖ 炉(ろ) • (ro)
| ‖ furnace, kiln
|炉 • (ro>no) · 炉 • (ro>no) (hangeul 로>노)
|
|
|
|
|炉
|矗
|-
|-
|炙
|矩
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zek³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zik³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsià • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiak ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsia̍h ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuànn ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsioh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiò
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷaʔ) : semantic 矢 + phonetic 巨 (OC *ɡaʔ). \ ; “(physics) moment”
|to roast; to broil; to toast; to cauterize • roast meat ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 炸 (chia̍h) ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 煎 (chòaⁿ) ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 焟 (chioh)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geoi² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kí • Middle-Chinese : kjuX
|^† carpenter's square • square (shape) • rule; law • (physics) moment • (～州) (historical) Old name for 貴州／贵州 (Guìzhōu, “Guizhou”) during the Yuan dynasty.
| ‖ 矩(く) • (ku) ‖ 矩(く) • (ku)
|carpenter's square ‖ carpenter's square • square (shape) • rule; law ‖ (astronomy) quadrature
|矩 • (gu) · 矩 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu)
|
|
|roast • broil • toast • cauterize
|Hán-Nôm : củ
|炙 (eumhun 구울 자 (guul ja)) ‖ 炙 (eumhun 구울 적 (guul jeok))
|Hanja form of 자 (“to roast; to broil”). ‖ Hanja form of 적 (“jeok (a Korean meat dish)”).
|
|
|炙
|矩
|-
|-
|炯
|矮
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwing² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kíng
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qraːlʔ) : semantic 矢 + phonetic 委 (OC *qrol, *qrolʔ).
|bright; brilliant • clear; obvious • (literary) flame; blaze
|Cantonese · Jyutping : ai² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ué • Hokkien · Tai-lo : é • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ái • Middle-Chinese : 'eaX
|(of stature) short • low (of less than normal height) • (Mainland China Hokkien) to fall short (compared to someone else)
|
|
|light • clear
|small, little, dwarf
|炯 (eum 형 (hyeong))
|矮 • (wae) · 矮 • (wae) (hangeul 왜, McCune–Reischauer wae, Yale way)
|Shining bright
|
|
|炯
|Hán-Nôm : ải
|
|矮
|-
|-
|炳
|砌
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bing² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : píng
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰiːds) : semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 切 (OC *sn̥ʰiːds, *sn̥ʰiːd).
|bright; luminous • to shine • notable; remarkable; outstanding; prominent; marked; striking; distinctive • to ignite; to set on fire; to light; to kindle
|Cantonese · Jyutping : cai³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kih • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gih • Middle-Chinese : tshejH
|to build by laying bricks or stones • step (in a staircase) • (Cantonese) to assemble • (Cantonese) to beat up; to attack • (Cantonese, figuratively) to beat; to defeat
|
|
|clear & bright
|炳 • (byeong) · 炳 • (byeong) (hangeul 병, revised byeong, McCune–Reischauer pyŏng, Yale pyeng)
|bright, luminous • glorious
|
|
|炳
|砌 • (che) · 砌 • (che) (hangeul 체, revised che, McCune–Reischauer ch'e, Yale chey)
|-
|点
|
|
|
|
| ‖ 点(てん) • (-ten) ‖ 点(てん) • (ten)
| ‖ items or goods ‖ spot, dot • score, grade, mark(s) • point
|点 (eum 점 (jeom))
|Alternative form of 點 (“Hanja form of 점 (“point; dot; spot; speck”).”)
|
|
|点
|砌
|-
|-
|烊
|砍
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iûnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iônn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iâng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁴⁻² • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iāng
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰoːmʔ) : semantic 石 (“rock”) + phonetic 欠 (OC *kʰoms).
|to smelt • to melt ‖ Only used in 打烊 (dǎyàng).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : ham² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khám
|to hack; to chop; to cut; to fell • to reduce; to weaken • (dialect) to throw in order to hit • Same as 侃 (kǎn) to chat • a surname: Kan
|
|
|
|
|烊 • (yang) · 烊 • (yang) (hangeul 양, revised yang, McCune–Reischauer yang, Yale yang)
|
|
|
|
|烊
|Hán-Nôm : khảm
|-
|烟
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣ
|Only used in 烟熅／烟煴 and 烟烟熅熅／烟烟煴煴.
|
|
|Alternative form of 煙
|砍
|烟 • (yeon) · 烟 • (yeon) (hangeul 연, revised yeon, McCune–Reischauer yŏn, Yale yen)
|smoke
|
|烟
|-
|-
|烽
|砰
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hong
|signal fire • the tower where such a signal fire is lit
| ‖
|signal fire, beacon ‖
|烽 • (bong) · 烽 • (bong) (hangeul 봉, revised bong, McCune–Reischauer pong, Yale pong)
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ping¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ping⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiang • Middle-Chinese : pheang
|(onomatopoeia) sound of something striking against something or bursting; bang; thump
|
|
|烽
|-
|焙
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bui⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pēr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pē
|to bake; to torrefy; to heat over a slow fire
|
|
|砰 • (paeng) · 砰 • (paeng) (hangeul 팽, revised paeng, McCune–Reischauer p'aeng, Yale phayng)
|
|
|焙 • (bae) · 焙 • (bae) (hangeul 배, revised bae, McCune–Reischauer pae, Yale pay)
|
|
|
|
|焙
|砰
|-
|-
|煉
|砸
|;“to sew with a sewing machine” ‖
|Cantonese · Jyutping : zaap³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄚˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsap • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsà ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : zaak⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaak³
|(of falling objects) to crush; to smash • to bash; to smash • to break; to destroy • to throw; to toss • (dialectal Mandarin) to sew with a sewing machine • (colloquial) to flop; to fail; to fall through ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 矺 (“to press down on; to weigh down”)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|refine metals • kneading over fire
|煉 • (ryeon>yeon) · 煉 • (ryeon>yeon) (hangeul 련>연, revised ryeon>yeon, McCune–Reischauer ryŏn>yŏn, Yale lyen>yen)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : táp • Hán-Nôm : tặp
|
|
|煉
|砸
|-
|-
|煜
|碌
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : juk¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jap⁶
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roːɡ, *roɡ) : semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 彔 (OC *b·roːɡ). ‖  ‖ From Zhuang lwg (“child; diminutive”) (HFC).
|brilliant; glorious
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : luk¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : luk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lo̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lio̍k • Middle-Chinese : luwk • Middle-Chinese : ljowk ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : li̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lia̍k ‖
|busy • common • (ideophonic) having numerous stones ‖ (Hokkien) tired; fatigued; weary; overworked; to become tired (from something) ‖ (Cantonese, Hakka) pomelo
| ‖ 碌(ろく) • (roku) -na (adnominal 碌(ろく)な (roku na), adverbial 碌(ろく)に (roku ni)) ‖ 碌(ろく) • (roku)
|satisfactory ‖ Alternative form of 陸 ‖ Alternative form of 陸
|碌 (eum 록 (rok), word-initial (South Korea) 녹 (nok))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : lộc
|
|
|煜 • (uk, eup) · 煜 • (uk, eup) (hangeul 욱, 읍, revised uk, eup, McCune–Reischauer uk, ŭp, Yale wuk, up)
|碌
|-
|碎
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *suːds) : semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 卒 (OC *ʔsuːd, *sʰuːd, *ʔsud).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄟˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuì • Middle-Chinese : swojH
|shattered; fragmented; shredded • small pieces; bits; fragments • to shatter; to fragment; to shred • talkative • a surname: Sui
|
|
|
|
|煜
|碎 (eumhun 부술 쇄 (busul swae))
|hanja form of 쇄 (“shred”)
|canonical : 碎: Hán Việt readings: toái 碎: Nôm readings: tôi • canonical : tui • canonical : toái • canonical : thỏi • canonical : tỏa • canonical : toả • canonical : tủi ‖ romanization : tôi ‖ romanization : tôi
| ‖ (archaic, historical) slave; domestic servant ‖ (formal in all dialects) I/me (used in formal contexts, regardless of the difference in status between the speakers)
|碎
|-
|-
|煥
|碗
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wun⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huān
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qoːnʔ) : semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 宛 (OC *qon, *qonʔ). \ From 甌 (OC *qoː, “bowl”) + -n (“nominalizing suffix”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|flare; blaze • glowing; shining; lustrous; brilliant • to radiate • a surname
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢˇㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uánn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uán • Middle-Chinese : 'wanX
|bowl (Classifier: 個／个 m c; 隻／只 m c h; 塊／块 mn) • bowl-like object • Classifier for the quantity of a bowl: bowlful
| ‖ 碗(わん) • (wan) ^(←わん (wan)?)
|porcelain bowl • teacup ‖ bowl
|碗 (eumhun 사발 완 (sabal wan))
|hanja form of 완 (“(porcelain) bowl”)
|Hán-Nôm : oản • Hán-Nôm : uyển
|(obsolete) bowl
|碗
|-
|碘
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 石 + phonetic 典 (diǎn). \ Borrowed from English iodine.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : din² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tián
|(chemistry) iodine
|
|
|shine
|煥 • (hwan) · 煥 • (hwan) (hangeul 환, revised hwan, McCune–Reischauer hwan, Yale hwan)
|shining, brilliant • lustrous
|
|
|煥
|碘 • (jeon) · 碘 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen)
|-
|
|煦
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : heoi² • Cantonese · Jyutping : heoi³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hù • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ù
|warm • kind; gentle; gracious; genial
|
|
|warm
|煦 • (hu) · 煦 • (hu) (hangeul 후, revised hu, McCune–Reischauer hu, Yale hwu)
|kind, gentle • gracious • genial
|
|
|煦
|碘
|-
|-
|煬
|碟
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁶
|From 疊 (MC dep, “stack”); not used before Yuan dynasty.
|to melt; to smelt (metal) ‖ to bake; to roast • to warm oneself by the fire • hot
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄝˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄝˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ti̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tia̍p
|small plate; small dish • (chiefly Cantonese) plate; dish (of any size) (Classifier: 隻／只 c) • dish (of food) • Classifier for dishes of food: dish; plate • (computing) disc-based data storage device, such as a CD or a DVD (Classifier: 隻／只 c)
|
|
|to tan leather • small dish
|碟 • (seol) · 碟 • (seol) (hangeul 설, revised seol, McCune–Reischauer sŏl, Yale sel)
|
|
|煬 • (yang) · 煬 • (yang) (hangeul 양, revised yang, McCune–Reischauer yang, Yale yang)
|Hán-Nôm : điệp • Hán-Nôm : diệp • Hán-Nôm : đĩa
|
|
|碟
|-
|碰
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 石 (“rock”) + phonetic 並. \ Appears in Zihui [Ming dynasty] as 掽, but only attested in literary works since Qing dynasty. Probably a recent colloquial form of 逢 (MC bjowng) (Wang, 1982; Schuessler, 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄥˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phóng
|to collide; to bump; to knock; to touch • to meet by chance; to bump into; to come across • to test out; to try one's luck • to offend; to provoke • (mahjong) to form a pung
| ‖ 碰(ポン) • (pon)
|collide, bump into ‖ (mahjong) a call for a 明刻 (minkō, “open triplet”) from a discarded tile, compare English pung
|
|
|煬
|-
|熨
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ut • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ùn ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wat¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai³ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : tong³
|to iron; to press • to be closely appressed to; to abut ‖ Only used in 熨貼／熨帖／熨贴 (yùtiē). ‖ (traditional Chinese medicine) to foment ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 燙／烫 (“to iron; to press”)
|
|
|flatiron • smooth out
|Hán-Nôm : bánh • Hán-Nôm : bính
|熨 (eum 위 (wi))
|iron • press
|
|
|熨
|碰
|-
|-
|熹
|碳
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hei¹
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 石 (“(chemical nomenclature) non-metal solid”) + 炭 (“charcoal”). Also a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) , with 炭 (tàn) as a phonetic component. \ From 炭 (tàn, “charcoal”).
|warm, bright
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taan³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuànn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thàn
|(chemistry) carbon • (ecology) carbon emissions (in the context of global warming and climate change)
|
|
|
|
|熹 • (hui) · 熹 • (hui) (hangeul 희)
|碳 (eum 탄 (tan))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : thán
|
|
|熹
|碳
|-
|-
|熾
|碾
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci³ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshioh
|Alternative form of 輾／辗 (niǎn), using 石 as semantic part instead of 車. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-nja-s ~ *s-njan (“to punish; to oppress; to coerce”) (STEDT). Related to 蹍 (“to trample”).
|(of fire) intense; raging • flourishing; prosperous • to burn ‖ (Hokkien) to macerate; to ret; to soak • (Xiamen Hokkien) to shine for a short while (of the sun)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin² • Cantonese · Jyutping : nin⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lián • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lún • Middle-Chinese : nrjenH
|roller • to grind; to crush
|
|
|kindling fire or flame
|熾 (eum 치 (chi))
|
|
|碾 • (nyeon>yeon) · 碾 • (nyeon>yeon) (hangeul 년>연, revised nyeon>yeon, McCune–Reischauer nyŏn>yŏn, Yale nyen>yen)
|
|
|熾
|
|
|碾
|-
|-
|燄
|磅
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim⁶
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰaːŋ, *pʰraːŋ) : semantic 石 (“rock; stone”) + phonetic 旁 (OC *baːŋ). \ Borrowed from English pound. ‖ Borrowed from English point. ‖  ‖ Onomatopoeic.
|Alternative form of 焰 (yàn, “flame”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bong⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bong⁶⁻² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pǒng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄤˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄤˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pông • Middle-Chinese : phang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pōng • Middle-Chinese : phang • Middle-Chinese : phjaeng
|pound (unit of mass) • to weigh • platform scale; balance • (Cantonese) pressure gauge; manometer ‖ point (unit equal to 1/12 of a pica) ‖ Only used in 磅礴 (pángbó) and 磅磄. ‖
| ‖ 磅(ポンド) • (pondo)
|pound ‖ Rare spelling of ポンド (pondo, “pound”).
|磅 • (bang) · 磅 • (bang) (hangeul 방, revised bang, McCune–Reischauer pang, Yale pang)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : bàng
|
|
|磅
|-
|磊
|Triplication of 石 (“stone”). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luí • Middle-Chinese : lwojX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁵
|appearance of piles of rocks • to pile up • large; tall ‖ Only used in 磊口.
| ‖
|lots of stones ‖
|磊 • (roe>noe) · 磊 • (roe>noe) (hangeul 뢰>뇌, revised roe>noe, McCune–Reischauer roe>noe, Yale loy>noy)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : lỗi
|
|磊
|-
|磕
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰaːb, *kʰaːd) : semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 盍 (OC *ɡaːb).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : hap⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ham² • Cantonese · Jyutping : koi³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khap • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kha̍p • Middle-Chinese : khajH • Middle-Chinese : khat • Middle-Chinese : khap
|to knock sth. against a hard surface; to dash against a stone • to knock an item off another item by hitting them against a hard surface • to kowtow • (dialect, figurative) to fight
|
|
|hit • collide • knock into
|磕 • (gae) · 磕 • (gae) (hangeul 개, revised gae, McCune–Reischauer kae, Yale kay)
|bump • drumbeat
|Hán-Nôm : khạp
|
|
|燄
|磕
|-
|-
|燉
|磷
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dan⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : deon⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tūn ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄣˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄣ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rin, *rins) : semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 粦 (OC *rins). ‖  ‖  ‖
|to stew • to heat up (soup, wine, etc.) by steeping the container in hot water ‖ flaming; blazing
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leon⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîn • Middle-Chinese : lin ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leon⁶ • Middle-Chinese : linH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁴
|
|ignis fatuus • (chemistry) phosphorus • fragment of stone ‖ thin • blemish • stain • unimpeded • mica ‖ stony ‖ Only used in 砰磷.
|
|
|燉 • (don) · 燉 • (don) (hangeul 돈, McCune–Reischauer ton, Yale ton)
|flaked rock • luster
|磷 • (rin>in) · 磷 • (rin>in) (hangeul 린>인, revised rin>in, McCune–Reischauer rin>in, Yale lin>in)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : lân • Hán-Nôm : lấn
|
|
|燉
|磷
|-
|-
|燎
|祉
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : liu⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : liu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˇ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰlɯʔ) : semantic 示 (“sign”) + phonetic 止 (OC *kjɯʔ).
|torch • (alt. form 潦) to burn; to scald • (historical) offering involving burning wood ‖ to burn weeds • to singe; to scorch; to set on fire • (alt. form 爒) to roast
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsí • Middle-Chinese : trhiX
|happiness; blessings; good luck; felicity
|
|
|bonfire • burn
|燎 • (ryo>yo) · 燎 • (ryo>yo) (hangeul 료>요, revised ryo>yo, McCune–Reischauer ryo>yo, Yale lyo>yo)
|
|
|祉 • (ji) · 祉 • (ji) (hangeul 지, revised ji, McCune–Reischauer chi, Yale ci)
|
|
|燎
|-
|燐
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leon⁴
|ignis fatuus • (chemistry) phosphorus
| ‖ 燐(りん) or 燐(リン) • (rin)
|ignis fatuus • will-o'-the-wisp • phosphorus ‖ phosphorus
|燐 (eum 린 (rin), South Korea 인 (in))
|
|
|
|
|燐
|祉
|-
|-
|燙
|祕
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tong³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thǹg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thòng
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 示 (“altar”) + phonetic 必 (OC *pliɡ) – arcane, secret rituals.
|to burn; to scald; to injure (with high temperature) • to warm; to heat something up (using hot water or fire) • to perm (one's hair) • (cooking) to blanch • (Cantonese) to iron • hot (because of high temperature)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei³ • Middle-Chinese : pijH
|Alternative form of 秘 • a surname
|
|
|secret
|祕 • (bi) · 祕 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi, Yale pi)
|
|
|燙 • (tang) · 燙 • (tang) (hangeul 탕, revised tang, McCune–Reischauer t'ang, Yale thang)
|
|
|
|
|燙
|祕
|-
|-
|燜
|祟
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : man¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mun⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : būn
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sqʰluds) : phonetic 出 (OC *kʰljuds, *kʰljud) + semantic 示 (“altar”).
|cook in a covered vessel • to casserole • to stew
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suī • Middle-Chinese : swijH
|
|disaster brought by evil spirits • evil spirit; evil influence • to haunt; to cause mischief • sneaky; furtive; secretive
|
|
|
|
|祟 (eum 수 (su))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tụy • Hán-Nôm : tuỵ
|
|
|燜
|祟
|-
|-
|燦
|祠
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caan³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshàn
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljɯ) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 礻 (“divinity”) + phonetic 司 (OC *slɯ).
|vivid; illuminating • bright; lustrous
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sîr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sî • Middle-Chinese : zi
|
|ancestral temple • (literary) to offer sacrifice • (literary) spring sacrifice
|lustrous
| ‖ 祠(ほこら) • (hokora)
|燦 (eum 찬 (chan))
| ‖ a small shrine
|祠 • (sa) · 祠 • (sa) (hangeul 사, revised sa, McCune–Reischauer sa, Yale sa)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : từ • Hán-Nôm : thờ • Hán-Nôm : tờ
|
|
|燦
|祠
|-
|-
|燧
|祿
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suī
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roːɡ) : semantic 示 (“spirit”) + phonetic 彔 (OC *b·roːɡ).
|flintstone • beacon fire; signal fire • torch
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : luk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lo̍k • Middle-Chinese : luwk
|blessing; happiness; prosperity • emoluments; official salary
|
|
|
|
|燧 • (su) · 燧 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu)
|祿 (eumhun 복 록 (bok rok), word-initial (South Korea) 복 녹 (bok nok))
|hanja form of 복/록 (“green, official salary”) • hanja form of 복/록 (“blessing, happiness, fortune”) • hanja form of 복/록 (“sacrificial meat”) • hanja form of 복/록 (“pay salary”) • hanja form of 복/록 (“bless”)
|Hán-Nôm : lộc • Hán-Nôm : lốc • Hán-Nôm : trốc
|
|
|祿
|-
|禪
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djan, *djans) : semantic 示 + phonetic 單 (OC *taːn, *djan, *djanʔ, *djans). \ Pronunciation 1 is short for 禪那, which is a borrowing from Sanskrit ध्यान (dhyāna, “dhyana”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djan, *djans) : semantic 示 + phonetic 單 (OC *taːn, *djan, *djanʔ, *djans). \ Pronunciation 1 is short for 禪那, which is a borrowing from Sanskrit ध्यान (dhyāna, “dhyana”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djan, *djans) : semantic 示 + phonetic 單 (OC *taːn, *djan, *djanʔ, *djans). \ Pronunciation 1 is short for 禪那, which is a borrowing from Sanskrit ध्यान (dhyāna, “dhyana”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sim⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sînn • Middle-Chinese : dzyen ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siān • Middle-Chinese : dzyenH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢˊ
|(Buddhism) dhyana; deep meditation; contemplation • Buddhist doctrine; Buddhist teachings • relating to Buddhism; Buddhist; thoughtful; philosophical ‖ (obsolete) to offer sacrifices to nature • to abdicate and pass the throne to someone • to succeed; to replace ‖ name of an ancient state
|
|
|燧
|dhyana; deep meditation; contemplation
|禪 • (seon) · 禪 • (seon) (hangeul 선, revised seon, McCune–Reischauer sŏn, Yale sen)
|Zen
|Hán-Nôm : thiền • Hán-Nôm : thiện • Hán-Nôm : thuyền • Hán-Nôm : xèng
|Dhyana • Zen Buddhism
|禪
|-
|-
|燬
|禮
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huí
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *riːʔ) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 礻 (“altar”) + phonetic 豊 (OC *riːʔ, “ceremony”) – performing rites at the altar. \ Originally written 豊, see there for more. \ Uncertain. Schuessler (2007) proposes that this is an old areal etymon. Compare Tibetan ཞེ་ས (zhe sa, “respect, honor, deference”), རྗེ་བོ (rje bo, “lord, nobleman”), རྗེད (rjed, “to honor; reverence”); Mru [script needed] (ri, “ritual”) is possibly borrowed from Austroasiatic (cf. Mon [script needed] (rèh seh, “to respect, to revere”); Thin Khmu [script needed] (rɛh, “to lift up”); both from Proto-Mon-Khmer *reh (“to raise up, to exalt”)).
|blazing fire • to burn up; to burn down
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lé • Middle-Chinese : lejX
|ritual; rite; ceremony • rules of etiquette; rules of propriety • courtesy; etiquette; manners • present; gift (Classifier: 份 m c) • to treat with respect and courtesy • 48th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "ritual" (𝌵) • a surname
|
|
|blaze
|Kyūjitai form of 礼 (“propriety; courtesy; politeness; etiquette”)
|燬 (eum 훼 (hwe))
|burn down • blaze, fire
|
|
|燬
|hanja form of 례/예 (“manners; etiquette”)
|canonical : 禮: Hán Việt readings: lễ 禮: Nôm readings: lễ • canonical : lạy • canonical : lẻ • canonical : lẫy • canonical : rẽ • canonical : rẩy • canonical : lẩy • canonical : lãi • canonical : lể • canonical : lởi • canonical : lỡi • canonical : lấy • canonical : lảy • canonical : rẻ
|chữ Hán form of lễ (“ritual; etiquette; to kowtow; an offering; ceremony”). • Nôm form of lạy (“to kowtow”). • Nôm form of lẻ (“odd (not divisible by two)”).
|禮
|-
|-
|燮
|禹
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sit³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sip³
|The Shuowen interprets the character as pictographic (象形) of an animal. The bronze-script character clearly shows the 虫 component. \ ;insect
|(literary) to harmonize; to mediate • (literary) harmonious • a surname
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ú • Middle-Chinese : hjuX
|(Chinese mythology) Yu the Great (the legendary king associated with a flood myth and the foundation of the Xia dynasty) • ^‡ insect
| ‖ 禹(う) • (U)
|Name of a Xia Dynasty emperor in ancient China: Emperor Yŭ, Yŭ the Great, or Dà Yŭ. ‖ Yu the Great, legendary founder of the Xia Dynasty in ancient China
|禹 • (u) · 禹 • (u) (hangeul 우, revised u, McCune–Reischauer u, Yale wu)
|(성씨) a surname • (大禹) Yu the Great • (임금) king • (벌레) worm • (곡척) steel square
|Hán-Nôm : vũ
|夏禹 Hạ Vũ
|禹
|-
|秉
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 禾 (“plant”) + 又 (“hand”) — a hand holding a plant by the stalk. Compare: 兼, a hand holding two plants. \ Cognate with 柄 (OC *praŋʔ, *praŋs, “a handle”), which is exopassive of 秉 (OC *praŋʔ, “to grasp”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bing² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : píng • Middle-Chinese : pjaengX
|a handful of crops • to grasp; to hold • to preside over • to persist in; to persevere
|
|
|moderate • alleviate • boil over low heat
|take • cherish • sheaf • unit of volume (10 koku; 1,800 l)
|燮 (eumhun 불꽃 섭 (bulkkot seop))
|秉 (eum 병 (byeong))
|harmonize, blend • adjust
|
|
|燮
|Hán-Nôm : bỉnh • Hán-Nôm : bảnh
|
|秉
|-
|-
|燴
|秤
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wui⁶
|Glyphic variant of 稱／称.
|to ragout; to cook; to braise • (historical) Chinese dish consisting of fish grilled to the rare stage and then thinly sliced similar to tataki
|Cantonese · Jyutping : cing³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ping⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄥˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshìn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshìng • Middle-Chinese : tsyhingH
|scales (device to measure weight) • to weigh • (Hong Kong) Short for 天秤 (“tower crane”).
| ‖ 秤(はかり) • (hakari)
| ‖ scale
|秤 • (ching) · 秤 • (ching) (hangeul 칭, revised ching, McCune–Reischauer ch'ing, Yale ching)
|(저울, jeoul): balance, scale.
|romanization : xứng • romanization : hấng
|
|
|秤
|-
|秦
|In the oracle bone script, an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 午 (“pestle”, the original form of 杵) + 廾 (“two hands”) + two 禾 (“grain”). A form of its bronze inscription containing only one 禾 developed into the subsequent small seal script form in Shuowen. The 午 and 廾 components have fused into 𡗗 in the modern form. Old Chinese *dzin may derive from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-dz(j)a-k/n/t/s (“to eat; food; to feed; rice”), also recorded as *dzaʔ (Schuessler, 2007). \ According to Shuowen Jiezi, the glyph is an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : abbreviated 舂 (“to pound grain”) + 禾 (“grain”) – husked grain. However this would necessitate a phonological shift that is considered unlikely, and furthermore is likely a folk etymology altogether.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄣˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsîn • Middle-Chinese : dzin
|(～國) State of Qin (in ancient China) • (～朝) Qin dynasty, first imperial dynasty of China • Qin, a general area of central-west China in modern-day Shaanxi and Gansu Provinces • a surname
| ‖ 秦(しん) • (Shin) ‖ 秦(はた) • (Hata) ‖ 秦(はたしん) • (Hatashin)
|Qin dynasty ‖ (historical) the Qin dynasty (221-207 BCE), first dynasty of China • (historical) name of various states during the Sixteen Kingdoms period: · 前秦 (Zenshin, “Former Qin”, 351-394 CE) • (historical) name of various states during the Sixteen Kingdoms period: · 後秦 (Kōshin, “Later Qin”, 384-417 CE) • (historical) name of various states during the Sixteen Kingdoms period: · 西秦 (Seishin, “Western Qin”, 385-431 CE) • a surname ‖ a place name • a surname ‖ Synonym of 秦 (Shin, see above)
|秦 • (jin) · 秦 • (jin) (hangeul 진, revised jin, McCune–Reischauer chin, Yale cin)
|Qin
|Hán-Nôm : tần • Hán-Nôm : thái
|
|
|秦
|-
|秧
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qaŋ, *qaŋʔ) : semantic 禾 (“grain; cereal”) + phonetic 央 (OC *qaŋ). \ Attested relatively late, in the Tang dynasty (Sagart (2011)). \ Haudricourt and Strecker (1991) propose a Hmong-Mien origin, but Sagart (2011) argues that the direction of borrowing should be the other way around. He instead proposes an internal Chinese origin, suggesting that it is a cognate of 英 (OC *qraŋ, “grasses at their growing/flowering stage, before producing seeds”) without a -r- infix. \ Relationship with Tibeto-Burman items is unclear, due to mismatching initials: Tibetan ལྗང་བ (ljang ba, “shoot, sprout”), ལྗང་བུ (ljang bu, “rice seedling”), Lepcha ᰊᰜᰤᰨᰵ (ta-lyong, “young blades of corn, rice”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iang • Middle-Chinese : 'jang • Middle-Chinese : 'jangX
|rice seedling • sprout; shoot; seedling • vine; stalk • young animal; -ling • (literary) to transplant rice seedlings • (dialectal) to grow; to cultivate; to raise • a surname
|
|
|
|
|秧 • (ang) · 秧 • (ang) (hangeul 앙, revised ang, McCune–Reischauer ang, Yale ang)
|
|
|燴
|canonical : 秧: Hán Việt readings: ương • canonical : ưởng 秧: Nôm readings: ương
|chữ Hán form of ương (“seedling, sprout”).
|秧
|-
|-
|燻
|稍
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄠ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siau • Middle-Chinese : sraewH
|a little; slightly; rather • siyah (stiffened end of a composite bow) • a surname: Shao
|
|
|
|
|smoulder • fume • oxidize
|稍 (eum 초 (cho))
|燻 • (hun) · 燻 • (hun) (hangeul 훈, revised hun, McCune–Reischauer hun, Yale hwun)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : sảo • Hán-Nôm : rảo • Hán-Nôm : xao
|
|
|燻
|稍
|-
|-
|爍
|税
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : soek³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siak ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : sinnh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sih • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sínn ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lok⁶
|Simplified from 稅 (兌 → 兑). Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 禾 + phonetic 兑 (OC *l'oːds).
|to glisten; to glimmer • bright; brilliant; glittering • hot • to roast; to broil • Alternative form of 鑠／铄 (shuò, “to melt by heat; to fuse”) ‖ (Southern Min) to glisten; to glimmer ‖ Only used in 爆爍／爆烁.
|
|
|
|
|爍 (eum 삭 (sak))
| ‖ 税(ぜい) • (zei) ‖ 税(ちから) • (chikara)
|tax ‖ tax, duty, customs (money paid to the government) ‖ (historical, archaic) general term for items presented by the people to the state: tribute, taxes
|税 • (se, tal) · 税 • (se, tal) (hangeul 세, 탈)
|
|
|
|
|爍
|
|税
|-
|-
|爛
|稠
|Cantonese · Jyutping : laan⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nuā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lān
|
|(of fruits, etc.) rotten; spoiled; decayed • well-cooked; soft; mushy • broken; fragmented; shattered • low-quality; poor; lousy • to rot; to decay; to decompose; to spoil • completely; thoroughly • bright; brilliant; gorgeous; magnificent • (Cantonese) to be addicted to • (Cantonese) extremely • Used in 爛漫／烂漫 (lànmàn).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiû • Middle-Chinese : drjuw
|dense • thick; viscous • (Eastern Min) often, frequently
|
|
|
|be sore • inflamed • bleary • fester
|稠 • (jo, ju) · 稠 • (jo, ju) (hangeul 조, 주, revised jo, ju, McCune–Reischauer cho, chu, Yale co, cwu)
|爛 • (ran>nan) · 爛 • (ran>nan) (hangeul 란>난, revised ran>nan, McCune–Reischauer ran>nan, Yale lan>nan)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : trù
|
|
|爛
|稠
|-
|-
|爨
|稱
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuàn
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰjɯŋ, *tʰjɯŋs) : semantic 禾 (“rice”) + phonetic 爯 (OC *tʰjɯŋ) – measure rice. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰjɯŋ, *tʰjɯŋs) : semantic 禾 (“rice”) + phonetic 爯 (OC *tʰjɯŋ) – measure rice.
|to cook • cooker; cookstove • a surname • Short for 爨体 (“a style of calligraphy popular in 3rd-4th century AD, considered transitional in the development from clerical script to regular script”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cing¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshing • Middle-Chinese : tsyhing ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄣˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cing³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : can³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshìng • Middle-Chinese : tsyhingH
|to weigh • to call; to name • to say; to state • to praise; to commend • name; address; appellation; designation • (literary) reputation; repute; standing • to proclaim oneself to be • (literary) to lift; to raise ‖ to match; to fit • balanced; suitable • (Mandarin, colloquial) to have (money or properties) • Alternative form of 秤 (“steelyard”)
|
|
|
|boil, cook
|稱 • (ching) · 稱 • (ching) (hangeul 칭, revised ching, McCune–Reischauer ch'ing, Yale ching)
|爨 (eumhun 부뚜막 찬 (buttumak chan))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : xưng • Hán-Nôm : xứng
|
|
|爨
|稱
|-
|-
|爰
|穗
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wun⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun⁴
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sɢʷids) : semantic 禾 (“grain”) + phonetic 惠 (OC *ɢʷiːds). \ From Sino-Tibetan; compare Mizo vui (“ear (of grain); to ear”).
|therefore, consequently • A sentence-initial particle
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄟˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huī • Middle-Chinese : zwijH
|ear of grain • tassel • snuff of a candle • (abbreviation of 穗城) Guangzhou • a surname
|
|
|lead on to • therefore • then
|Kyūjitai form of 穂.
|爰 • (won) · 爰 • (won) (hangeul 원, revised won, McCune–Reischauer wŏn, Yale wen)
|穗 • (su) · 穗 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu)
|lead on to • therefore • then
|
|
|爰
|Hán-Nôm : tuệ
|-
|爺
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : je⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iâ
|(literary, dialectal or in compounds) father • grandfather • (polite) grandpa; sir (term of address for an elderly man) • (archaic, honorific) sir (term of address for a rich or influential man) • (honorific) term of address for gods and the Buddha • (colloquial, derogatory or familiar, Northern China, male) I; me
| ‖ 爺(じい) • (jī) ^(←ぢい (dii)?) · 爺(じい) or 爺(じじ) or 爺(じゞ) or 爺(じじい) or 爺(じゞい) • (jī or jiji or jijī) ^(←ぢい (dii) or ぢぢ (didi) or ぢぢい (didii)?)
|old man • grandfather ‖ a grandfather • an old man; a geezer; a gramps
|爺 (eumhun 아비 야 (abi ya))
|
|
|chữ Hán form of gia.
|穗
|爺
|-
|-
|爻
|穿
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngaau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngâu ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : gâu
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 穴 (“cave”) + 牙 (“tooth”) – to penetrate through, to pass through. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan [Term?]; cognate with Tibetan རྟོལ (rtol, “to bore; to pierce; to perforate”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ From 上 (OC *djaŋʔ, *djaŋs) (Yang, 2016).
|a figure composed of six stacked horizontal lines; a hexagram of the I Ching ‖ (Southern Min) Alternative form of 𠢕
|Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuan • Middle-Chinese : tsyhwen • Middle-Chinese : tsyhwenH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshīng
| ‖ 爻(こう) • (kō)
|to penetrate; to pierce • to pass through; to cross • to string; to chain • to wear; to put on (clothing); to have (clothing) on • placed after verbs to indicate “thoroughly; completely” ‖ (Min) to wear; to put on (clothing); to have (clothing) on
| ‖  
|爻 • (hyo) · 爻 • (hyo) (hangeul 효, revised hyo, McCune–Reischauer hyo, Yale hyo)
|
|
|put on (to the feet) • dig • pierce • drill
|穿 (eumhun 뚫을 천 (ttureul cheon))
|hanja form of 천 (“to put on”)
|Hán-Nôm : xuyên • Hán-Nôm : xoen
|
|
|爻
|穿
|-
|-
|爾
|窄
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄦˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ní • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jínn ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : nî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nī ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : niā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liǎ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nǐ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : niâ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : nǎ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nā ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄦˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ní • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jínn
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsraːɡ) : semantic 穴 (“cave; hole”) + phonetic 乍 (OC *zraːɡs)
|(literary or dialectal) you; your • (literary) so; this way • (literary or dialectal) this; that • (obsolete, of flowers) exuberant • (obsolete) a suffix or word-final particle indicating state, appearance, sound, or manner accompanying a verb • (literary) a sentence final particle; merely; only • a surname ‖  ‖ (Hokkien) that's all; nothing more; is all ‖ (Hokkien) only ‖ Used in transcription.
|Cantonese · Jyutping : zaak³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄞˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄜˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsik • Middle-Chinese : tsraek
| ‖ 爾(じ) • (ji) ‖ 爾(おれ) • (ore)
|narrow; (of rooms, pants, etc.) tight • narrow-minded • (colloquial) badly off; hard up
| ‖ second person archaic pronoun: thou, you • distal pronoun equivalent to modern それ (sore) or その (sono): that • auxiliary character in 漢文 (kanbun) texts indicating state or condition ‖ (archaic, vulgar) second person pronoun: you
| ‖ 窄(さこ) • (Sako)
|爾 (eumhun 너 이 (neo i))
| ‖ a surname
|窄 • (chak) · 窄 • (chak) (hangeul 착, McCune–Reischauer ch'ak, Yale chak)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : trách • Hán-Nôm : trậc
|
|
|爾
|窄
|-
|-
|牆
|窖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiûnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiônn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiâunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiâng
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kruːɡs) : semantic 穴 (“hole; cave”) + phonetic 告 (OC *kuːɡs, *kuːɡ).
|wall (Classifier: 面 m; 堵 m mn; 埲 c; 幅 c) • (Mainland China, Internet slang) Great Firewall • (Mainland China, Internet slang, usually passive) (the Great Firewall) to censor; to block (a website)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kàu • Middle-Chinese : kaewH
|pit; cellar • to store in a cellar
|
|
|
|
|
|牆 • (jang) · 牆 • (jang) (hangeul 장, revised jang, McCune–Reischauer chang, Yale cang)
|
|
|romanization : diếu • romanization : khéo • romanization : khiếu • romanization : giáo
|
|
|牆
|窖
|-
|-
|牒
|窗
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dip⁶
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 穴 (“hole”) + 囱 (“window”). \ From circumstantial noun prefix *s- + 通 (OC l̥ˤoŋ, “to penetrate”), literally "where light penetrates" (Baxter and Sagart, 2014).
|writing slip made of bamboo or wood in ancient China • official document or note; certificate; credentials • records of family pedigree; genealogical records • books; documents; records • plaint; indictment
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄤ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshong • Middle-Chinese : tsrhaewng
|window (Classifier: 扇 m; 個／个 c; 隻／只 c)
| ‖
| ‖
|窗 • (chang) · 窗 • (chang) (hangeul 창)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : song
|(archaic, literary) window • Short for chấn song (“upright post in a paling or railing”).
|窗
|-
|窘
|
|
|牒 • (cheop) · 牒 • (cheop) (hangeul 첩, revised cheop, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏp, Yale chep)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄥˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄣˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kūn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kǔn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khún • Middle-Chinese : gwinX
|embarrassed • hard-pressed
|
|
|rebuke
|窘 (eum 군 (gun))
|embarrassed • hard-pressed
|Hán-Nôm : quẫn
|
|
|牒
|窘
|-
|-
|牖
|窯
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁵
|(literary) window • Alternative form of 誘／诱 (yòu, “to lead; to enlighten”)
| ‖
| ‖
|牖 • (yu) · 牖 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu, Yale yu)
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iô • Middle-Chinese : yew
|brick kiln; furnace • -ware (specifically, pottery manufactured in a particular place) • coal pit • cave dwelling (common in the Loess Plateau, Northern China); yaodong • (colloquial) brothel; whorehouse • a surname: Yao
|
|
|牖
|kiln
|-
|窯 • (yo) · 窯 • (yo) (hangeul 요, McCune–Reischauer yo, Yale yo)
|牘
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : duk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : to̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tho̍k
|wooden tablets or slips for writing in ancient China • document; archive • letter; correspondence
|
|
|wooden tablet • letter; correspondence
|牘 • (dok) · 牘 • (dok) (hangeul 독, revised dok, McCune–Reischauer tok, Yale tok)
|
|
|
|
|牘
|窯
|-
|-
|牝
|竊
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pan⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pin
|The current form likely derives from a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰleːd) : semantic 宀 + phonetic 䊪 (OC *m·raːds, *m·rads, *m·raːd), as attested in the Western Han period. 宀 is later replaced with 穴, and 萬 corrupts into 廿 and 禼. Based on the corrupted form, Shuowen erroneously interprets this character as a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰleːd) : semantic 穴 (“cave; hole”) + semantic 米 (“rice”) + phonetic 廿 (OC *zid) + phonetic 禼 (OC *sed). In the current form, 廿 is omitted and 米 is replaced with 釆. ‖
|(of an animal) female • (literary) female genitalia • gorge; valley • type of keyhole in ancient times
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sit³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiap • Middle-Chinese : tshet ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshia̍p
|to steal • thief • to acquire illegitimately; to usurp • secretly; stealthily • (literary, humble) personally ‖ (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) seventy (used with numbers from 71 to 79)
|
|
|female (of an animal) • female genitalia • gorge, hole, hollow
|to steal (“nusumu” reading) • secret; hushed, quietly (“hisoka” reading)
|牝 • (bin) · 牝 • (bin) (hangeul 빈, revised bin, McCune–Reischauer pin, Yale pin)
|竊 (eumhun 훔칠 절 (humchil jeol))
|hanja form of 절 (“to steal”)
|Hán-Nôm : thiết
|
|
|竊
|-
|站
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rteːms) : semantic 立 + phonetic 占 (OC *ʔljem, *tjems). A relatively late character – not found in Shuowen; found in Guangyun. \ A Northern Chinese word attested since the 9th-10th centuries. Displaced earlier 立 (OC *rɯb) in most modern northern Chinese varieties. ‖ Generally considered to be a Mongolian influence in the Yuan Dynasty – an abbreviation of 站赤 (zhànchì, “post stations during the Yuan Dynasty”), from Middle Mongol ᠵᠠᠮᠴᠢ (ǰamči, “post station”) (> Mongolian замч (zamč, “guide; cicerone”)), a derivative of Middle Mongol ᠵᠠᠮ (ǰam, “way, path”) (> Mongolian зам (zam)). \ Mongolian ǰam is undoubtedly cognate with Proto-Turkic *jam (“post station”) (> Turkish yam; ~ Russian ям (jam)) with the same meaning; see Yam (route). Also compare Turkish yamçı (“post rider”), Russian ямщи́к (jamščík, “drive, coachman”). \ There is no scholarly consensus regarding the direction of borrowing. Generally it is believed that Turkic jam and Chinese zhàn are loanwords from Mongolian ǰam, however some (e.g. Tuymebayev in Казахско-монгольские лексические параллели) believe the directionality is reversed (i.e. Chinese "to stand > stand > station" → Middle Mongol → Turkic → Russian). Whatever the etymology, what is apparent is that the word jam has been around for a long time and was used by Central Asians to designate a key postal relay station or official. \ In Chinese, this word has been competing with the native equivalent 驛／驿 (yì, “post station”) since its introduction. Mongol-ruled Yuan Dynasty saw a profusion of usages of zhàn, which was deliberately suppressed in the succeeding Ming Dynasty in favour of yì. Both were used in the subsequent Qing Dynasty, with zhàn eventually predominating in the modern times, being used to render the sense of "station" in modern concepts, such as "train station". Other Sinosphere countries show preference variations too: Vietnamese uses 站 (trạm), whereas Japanese and Korean still use 驛 for "station" (Japanese 駅 (えき, eki), Korean 역 (驛, yeok)).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsām • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsǎm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsàn • Middle-Chinese : treamH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsām • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsǎm
|to stand • to stop; to halt • (figurative) to take a firm stance; to uphold the stand • a surname ‖ post station; relay station • station; stand • Short for 網站／网站 (wǎngzhàn, “website”).
|
|
|牝
|-
|牟
|Cantonese · Jyutping : mau⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄡˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : biô ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : muk⁶
|(onomatopoeia) the sound of cattle: moo • to seek; to obtain; to seize • to exceed; to increase; to double • broad; great • longlasting • (Han dynasty, Sòng-Lǔ dialect) to love • look; appearance • spear • Alternative form of 麰／𮮇 (móu, “barley”) • Alternative form of 眸 (móu, “eyeball”) • Alternative form of 堥 (“earthen pot”) • Alternative form of 侔 (móu, “to be equal”) • Alternative form of 鍪 (móu, “helmet”) • (～國) (historical) Mou (an ancient state in modern-day Shandong, China) • a surname ‖ Used in place names. • a surname
|
|
|pupil (hole in middle of an iris) • moo (lowing sound of a cow)
|站 • (cham) · 站 • (cham) (hangeul 참)
|牟 • (mo) · 牟 • (mo) (hangeul 모, revised mo, McCune–Reischauer mo, Yale mo)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : trạm • Hán-Nôm : trậm
|
|
|牟
|站
|-
|-
|牠
|竣
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thann • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tha • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tho
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰlun) : semantic 立 + phonetic 夋 (OC *sʰlun).
|(animal) it
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeon³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsùn • Middle-Chinese : tshwin
|^⁜ to complete; to finish • to abdicate
|
|
|
|
|竣 • (jun, jeon) · 竣 • (jun, jeon) (hangeul 준, 전, revised jun, jeon, McCune–Reischauer chun, chŏn, Yale cwun, cen)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|牠
|竣
|-
|-
|牯
|竭
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kóo
| ‖
|bull; ox (especially castrated) • cow (female) • (Hakka, Teochew, suffix) male
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kit³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kia̍t • Middle-Chinese : gjot • Middle-Chinese : gjet ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : kia̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khia̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kha̍t
|to shoulder • to dry up; to drain • to exhaust; to use up ‖ (Hokkien) to be deficient; to be lacking; to be short of • (Mainland China Hokkien) infertile; barren (of land) • (Xiamen Hokkien) stingy; miserly • (Xiamen Hokkien) sluggish; slack (of business)
|
|
|
|
|牯 • (go) · 牯 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko)
|竭 • (gal, geol) · 竭 • (gal, geol) (hangeul 갈, 걸, revised gal, geol, McCune–Reischauer kal, kŏl, Yale kal, kel)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : kiệt
|
|
|牯
|竭
|-
|-
|牴
|竿
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dai²
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːn) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 干 (OC *kaːn).
|(literary) to gore; to butt • (literary, by extension) to conflict; to contradict
|Cantonese · Jyutping : gon¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄢ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄢㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuann • Middle-Chinese : kan
|bamboo pole • Classifier for bamboo. • a surname: Gan
| ‖ 竿(かん) • (-kan) ‖ 竿(かん) • (kan)
|rod, pole • beam ‖ counter for poles ‖ a pole; a bamboo pole
|竿 • (gan) · 竿 • (gan) (hangeul 간, revised gan, McCune–Reischauer kan, Yale kan)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : can • Hán-Nôm : cần
|
|
|牴 • (jeo) · 牴 • (jeo) (hangeul 저, revised jeo, McCune–Reischauer chŏ, Yale ce)
|竿
|-
|笙
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sreŋ) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 生 (OC *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mriŋ (“sound; noise; animal cry”); cognate with 鳴 (OC *mreŋ, “to make a sound”), 鈴 (OC *reːŋ, “bell”), Burmese မြည် (mrany, “to make a sound”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sang¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sing • Middle-Chinese : sraeng
|(music) sheng (a Chinese mouth-blown free reed instrument consisting of vertical pipes)
| ‖ 笙(しょう) • (shō) ^(←しやう (syau)?) ‖ 笙(そう) • (sō) ^(←さう (sau)?)
| ‖ a free-reed woodwind musical instrument used in Japanese court music, consisting of a mouthpiece and seventeen pipes, each similar to an organ pipe ‖ (obsolete) a free-reed woodwind musical instrument consisting of a mouthpiece and seventeen pipes, each similar to an organ pipe
|笙 • (saeng) · 笙 • (saeng) (hangeul 생, revised saeng, McCune–Reischauer saeng, Yale sayng)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : sanh
|
|
|牴
|笙
|-
|-
|犄
|笨
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khi ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : i
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pɯːnʔ, *bɯːnʔ) : semantic 竹 + phonetic 本 (OC *pɯːnʔ). \ Cognate with Tibetan བླུན (blun, “foolish; stupid; dull”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖
| ‖ ^‡ castrated male bovine • ^‡ Name of a kind of bovine. • ^‡ Alternative form of 猗
|Cantonese · Jyutping : ban⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄣˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pūn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pǔn • Middle-Chinese : pwonX • Middle-Chinese : bwonX ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : pan⁵
|
|heavy; cumbersome; strenuous • stupid; foolish; silly; slow-witted • clumsy; awkward • inner part of bamboo ‖ (dialectal Cantonese, Hakka, dated in standard Cantonese) thick
|
|
|
|
|笨 • (bun) · 笨 • (bun) (hangeul 분, revised bun, McCune–Reischauer pun, Yale pun)
|hanja form of 분 (“mediocre; rough”)
|Hán-Nôm : bổn • Hán-Nôm : bát
|
|
|chữ Hán form of cơ.
|笨
|犄
|-
|-
|犒
|筏
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hou³
|to reward troops with food and drink; to feast
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fat⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hua̍t • Middle-Chinese : bjot • Middle-Chinese : pat
|raft (made of bamboo or wood)
| ‖ 筏(いかだ) or 筏(イカダ) • (ikada) ‖ 筏(いかだ) • (Ikada)
| ‖ raft ‖ a surname
|筏 • (beol) · 筏 • (beol) (hangeul 벌)
|
|
|犒 • (ho) · 犒 • (ho) (hangeul 호, revised ho, McCune–Reischauer ho, Yale ho)
|
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|
|
|犒
|筏
|-
|-
|犖
|筐
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lok³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lok⁶
|(literary) brindled ox • (literary) brindled in color • (literary) evident; conspicuous • Used in 犖确／荦确 (luòquè).
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hong¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwaang¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khing • Middle-Chinese : khjwang
|bamboo basket or chest
|
|
|犖 • (rak>nak) · 犖 • (rak>nak) (hangeul 락>낙, revised rak>nak, McCune–Reischauer rak>nak, Yale lak>nak)
|
|
|筐 • (gwang) · 筐 • (gwang) (hangeul 광)
|(광주리): basket made of bamboo
|Hán-Nôm : khuông
|
|
|犖
|筐
|-
|-
|犛
|筷
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄠˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maau⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mou⁴
|From 快 (kuài), originally euphemistic for 箸 (zhù), homophonous to 住 (zhù, “to stay; to stop”). See 筷子 (kuàizi) for more. ‖
|yak
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄞˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuài ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tīr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǐr
|chopsticks (Classifier: 雙／双 c) • (Wu) Classifier for an amount of food held with a pair of chopsticks. ‖ (Hokkien, Teochew) Alternative form of 箸 (“chopstick”)
|
|
|chopsticks
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|犛
|筷
|-
|-
|犢
|箋
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : duk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : to̍k
|calf (young cow or bull) • a surname
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsen
|annotation; commentary • stationery • letter; correspondence • note; memo
| ‖ 箋(せん) • (sen) ‖ 箋(ふだ) • (fuda)
| ‖ a slip of paper • a label made of wood, bamboo, ivory, or paper ‖ Alternative spelling of 札 (“a slip of paper; a label”)
|箋 (eumhun 기록할 전 (girokhal jeon))
|hanja form of 전 (“record”)
|Hán-Nôm : tiên
|
|
|犢 • (dok) · 犢 • (dok) (hangeul 독, revised dok, McCune–Reischauer tok, Yale tok)
|箋
|-
|箕
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kɯ) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 其 (OC *kɯ, *ɡɯ). Specialization of 其.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ki • Middle-Chinese : ki
|winnowing basket (a tool for removing chaff) • dustpan • (～宿) (Chinese astronomy) Winnowing Basket (one of Twenty-Eight Mansions)
| ‖ 箕(み) • (mi) ‖ 箕(き) • (ki)
|winnowing ‖ a winnow; a winnowing basket ‖ Chinese "winnowing basket" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)
|箕 • (gi) · 箕 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : kia • Hán-Nôm : kìa • Hán-Nôm : ky • Hán-Nôm : cơ
|
|
|犢
|箕
|-
|箭
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔslens) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 前 (OC *zleːn).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsìnn • Middle-Chinese : tsjenH
|(archery, weaponry) arrow (Classifier: 支 m c mn) • type of bamboo
| ‖ 箭(や) • (ya)
| ‖ Alternative spelling of 矢 (“arrow”).
|箭 (eumhun 화살 전 (hwasal jeon))
|hanja form of 전 (“arrow”)
|Hán-Nôm : tiến • Hán-Nôm : tiễn • Hán-Nôm : tên chữ Hán Nôm in this term 箭 ‖
| ‖ chữ Hán form of tiễn (“arrow”).
|箭
|-
|-
|状
|篡
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuàn • Middle-Chinese : tsrhwaenH
|(literary, or in compounds) to seize; to usurp • (literary, or in compounds) to distort; to misrepresent • (literary) to hunt • a surname: Cuan
|
|
| ‖ 状(じょう) • (-jō)
|condition • form • appearance • letter ‖ being in such condition • having such form or appearance • letter, card, written notice
|状 • (jang, sang) · 状 • (jang, sang) (hangeul 장, 상, revised jang, sang, McCune–Reischauer chang, sang, Yale cang, sang)
|
|
|篡 • (chan) · 篡 • (chan) (hangeul 찬, revised chan, McCune–Reischauer ch'an, Yale chan)
|
|
|状
|-
|狄
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dik⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ti̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tia̍k
|the Di people; Zhou dynasty era term for tribes from northern China • low servant • Alternative form of 翟 • a surname
|
|
|barbarian
|狄 (eumhun 오랑캐 적 (orangkae jeok))
|Hanja form of 적 (“tribe from northern China”).
|
|
|狄
|篡
|-
|-
|狎
|篷
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haap⁶
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːŋ) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 逢 (OC *boŋ). \ Variant of 帆 (OC *bom), which has been related to 風 (OC *plum, “wind”) (Karlgren, 1957); if so, it may be from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *buŋ (“wind”) (STEDT).
|(literary) to be used to; to be familiar with • (literary) to get close to; to become intimate with • (literary) to slight; to neglect • (literary) to tease; to play tricks on
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phâng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hông • Middle-Chinese : buwng
|awning; covering • sail • (literary) boat
|
|
|
|
|狎 • (ap) · 狎 • (ap) (hangeul 압, revised ap, McCune–Reischauer ap, Yale ap)
|篷 • (bong) · 篷 • (bong) (hangeul 봉, revised bong, McCune–Reischauer pong, Yale pong)
|
|
|
|
|狎
|
|篷
|-
|-
|独
|簇
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰoːɡ) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 族 (OC *zoːɡ)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cuk¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zuk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiok • Middle-Chinese : tshuwk
|to swarm; to crowd together; to cluster; to pile up • cluster; pile; bouquet • Classifier for bunched objects: cluster; bundle; bunch • completely
| ‖ 簇(ぞく) • (zoku) ‖ 簇(むら) • (mura) ‖ 簇(むら) • (-mura)
| ‖ cocoon holders ‖ Alternative form of 群 ‖ Alternative form of 群
|簇 • (jok) · 簇 • (jok) (hangeul 족, revised jok, McCune–Reischauer chok, Yale cok)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : thốc • Hán-Nôm : cộp • Hán-Nôm : tậc • Hán-Nôm : thấc • Hán-Nôm : thậc • Hán-Nôm : thộc • Hán-Nôm : thoộc • Hán-Nôm : cốp • Hán-Nôm : cộm • Hán-Nôm : tớc
|
|
| ‖ 独(どく) • (doku) ^(←どく (doku)?)
|簇
|solo, monad • single ‖ solitary • Short for ドイツ／独逸 (Doitsu, “Germany (a country)”).
|-
|簧
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hông • Middle-Chinese : hwang
|reed (of a musical instrument) • spring coil • sweet words
|
|
|flute reed
|簧 • (hwang) · 簧 • (hwang) (hangeul 황)
|reed of woodwind instrument
|Hán-Nôm : hoàng
|
|
|独
|簧
|-
|-
|狭
|簸
|
|
|Cantonese · Jyutping : bo³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bo² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puà • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puann • Middle-Chinese : paX • Middle-Chinese : paH
|to winnow • to bump; to jerk; to jolt
|
|
| ‖ 狭(さ) • (sa) ‖ 狭(せ) • (se) ‖ 狭(せば) • (seba) ^†-nari ‖ 狭(せば) • (seba)
|winnow • fan
|cramped • narrow • contract • tight ‖ narrow, small ‖ (archaic) narrowness ‖ (archaic, Classical Japanese) narrow ‖ Short for 狭縮緬 (sebachirimen /⁠せばちりめん⁠/).
|簸 • (pa) · 簸 • (pa) (hangeul 파, revised pa, McCune–Reischauer p'a, Yale pha)
|winnower
|
|
|
|
|簸
|-
|籠
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roːŋ, *roːŋʔ, *roŋ) : semantic 𥫗 + phonetic 龍 (OC *b·roŋ, *mroːŋ). \ Attested somewhat late, in Warring States period's texts. \ A Southeast Asian area word (Alves 2015). \ * Per Schuessler 2007, most likely of Austroasiatic origin. Compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *truŋ (“stable, sty, cage”) and *kruŋ (“to confine”) in Shorto 2006, whence Khmer ទ្រុង (trŭng, “cage”), ក្រុង (krŏng, “to confine”), Kuy thrùŋ (“cage”), potentially Vietnamese chuồng (“cage; shed; coop”), and so forth. The Vietnamese may possibly be an early Chinese loan instead (Alves 2018). \ * STEDT reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kruːŋ (“cage”), based on e.g. Garo gring (“cage”), Burmese ချိုင့် (hkyuing.). Schuessler thinks these were also borrowed from Austroasiatic. \ * Other forms include Proto-Tai [Term?], whence Thai กรง (grong, “cage”); and Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kuruŋ, whence Indonesian kurung (“cage”), Tagalog kulong (“caged”). Schuessler believes these are also ultimately from Austroasiatic. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roːŋ, *roːŋʔ, *roŋ) : semantic 𥫗 + phonetic 龍 (OC *b·roŋ, *mroːŋ). \ Attested somewhat late, in Warring States period's texts. \ A Southeast Asian area word (Alves 2015). \ * Per Schuessler 2007, most likely of Austroasiatic origin. Compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *truŋ (“stable, sty, cage”) and *kruŋ (“to confine”) in Shorto 2006, whence Khmer ទ្រុង (trŭng, “cage”), ក្រុង (krŏng, “to confine”), Kuy thrùŋ (“cage”), potentially Vietnamese chuồng (“cage; shed; coop”), and so forth. The Vietnamese may possibly be an early Chinese loan instead (Alves 2018). \ * STEDT reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kruːŋ (“cage”), based on e.g. Garo gring (“cage”), Burmese ချိုင့် (hkyuing.). Schuessler thinks these were also borrowed from Austroasiatic. \ * Other forms include Proto-Tai [Term?], whence Thai กรง (grong, “cage”); and Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kuruŋ, whence Indonesian kurung (“cage”), Tagalog kulong (“caged”). Schuessler believes these are also ultimately from Austroasiatic. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roːŋ, *roːŋʔ, *roŋ) : semantic 𥫗 + phonetic 龍 (OC *b·roŋ, *mroːŋ). \ Attested somewhat late, in Warring States period's texts. \ A Southeast Asian area word (Alves 2015). \ * Per Schuessler 2007, most likely of Austroasiatic origin. Compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *truŋ (“stable, sty, cage”) and *kruŋ (“to confine”) in Shorto 2006, whence Khmer ទ្រុង (trŭng, “cage”), ក្រុង (krŏng, “to confine”), Kuy thrùŋ (“cage”), potentially Vietnamese chuồng (“cage; shed; coop”), and so forth. The Vietnamese may possibly be an early Chinese loan instead (Alves 2018). \ * STEDT reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kruːŋ (“cage”), based on e.g. Garo gring (“cage”), Burmese ချိုင့် (hkyuing.). Schuessler thinks these were also borrowed from Austroasiatic. \ * Other forms include Proto-Tai [Term?], whence Thai กรง (grong, “cage”); and Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kuruŋ, whence Indonesian kurung (“cage”), Tagalog kulong (“caged”). Schuessler believes these are also ultimately from Austroasiatic.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : láng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lâng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lóng • Middle-Chinese : luwng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lung⁴ • Middle-Chinese : ljowng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄥˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lung⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : láng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lóng • Middle-Chinese : luwngX
|bamboo-made implement for holding soil • bamboo-made cage (for animals); coop • bamboo container, holder, hoop, basket, steamer (for buns, dumplings, etc.) ‖ (～竹) A kind of bamboo produced in the Lingnan region of China. ‖ to cover (all); to encompass; to include • to shroud; to envelop; to enshroud • to hide (one's hands, e.g. in the sleeves) • to twine; to wind; to tie up • to light (a fire); to kindle • large bamboo box; trunk • (Cantonese) large box; trunk • (Cantonese) interior (Classifier: 個／个 c) • (Cantonese) Classifier for 嘢 (je5), used in combination to describe negative matters caused by or associated with someone. • (Shanghainese, slang) a hundred of a currency designation
| ‖ 籠(かご) • (kago) ‖ 籠(かご) • (Kago) ‖ 籠(こ) • (ko) ‖ 籠(ろう) • (rō) ‖ 籠(ろう) • (rō)
| ‖ a cage • a basket ‖ a surname ‖ a basket, especially one made of bamboo • Short for 伏籠 (fusego): a clothes airer, or chicken coop ‖ Alternative spelling of 牢 (rō): a jail, prison; a cage; food (usually meat) used in offerings ‖ basket • bring in • seclude oneself
|籠 (eumhun 대바구니 롱 (daebaguni rong), word-initial (South Korea) 대바구니 농 (daebaguni nong))
|hanja form of 롱/농 (“basket”)
|Hán-Nôm : lồng • Hán-Nôm : lung • Hán-Nôm : ruồng • Hán-Nôm : luông • Hán-Nôm : luồng
|
|
|狭
|籠
|-
|-
|狷
|粥
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gyun³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gyun¹
|The reduced form of the character 鬻 (OC *luɡ), which was an ideogrammic compound and the original character for "congee". \ ; “congee; rice gruel” \ : Alternatively, it may be related to Tibetan ཐུག་པ (thug pa, “Tibetan-style soup, broth, gruel, porridge”) (Bodman, 1980; Schuessler, 2007). ‖ The reduced form of the character 鬻 (OC *luɡ), which was an ideogrammic compound and the original character for "congee". \ ; “congee; rice gruel” \ : Alternatively, it may be related to Tibetan ཐུག་པ (thug pa, “Tibetan-style soup, broth, gruel, porridge”) (Bodman, 1980; Schuessler, 2007).
|(literary) rash; impetuous; impulsive • (literary) reserved; overcautious • (literary) upright (of character)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄡ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tso̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsu̍k • Middle-Chinese : tsyuwk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : juk⁶ • Middle-Chinese : yuwk
|congee; rice gruel; porridge • weak; feeble • a surname: Zhou ‖ Alternative form of 育 (“to give birth; to rear”) • Original form of 鬻 (yù, “to sell”). • a surname
| ‖ 粥(かゆ) or 粥(かい) or 粥(しゅく) • (kayu or kai or shuku)
|congee ‖ congee (a type of rice porridge)
|粥 (eumhun 죽 죽 (juk juk))
|hanja form of 죽 (“congee”)
|Hán-Nôm : cháo
|
|
|narrow • short-tempered
|粥
|狷 • (gyeon) · 狷 • (gyeon) (hangeul 견, revised gyeon, McCune–Reischauer kyŏn, Yale kyen)
|
|
|狷
|-
|-
|狽
|粱
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bui³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puē
|(mythology) a legendary wolf-like animal with short forelegs and long hind legs • distressed • wretched
|
|
|狽 • (pae) · 狽 • (pae) (hangeul 패, revised pae, McCune–Reischauer p'ae, Yale phay)
|
|
|
|狽
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : loeng⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liông • Middle-Chinese : ljang
|-
|good varieties of millet; millet in general • exquisite staple food
|猙
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zang¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsing
|fierce-looking; ferocious • (literary, Chinese mythology) a red leopard-like creature with one horn
|
|
|
|
|猙 • (jaeng) · 猙 • (jaeng) (hangeul 쟁, revised jaeng, McCune–Reischauer chaeng, Yale cayng)
|粱 • (ryang>yang) · 粱 • (ryang>yang) (hangeul 량>양, revised ryang>yang, McCune–Reischauer ryang>yang, Yale lyang>yang)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : lương • Hán-Nôm : thông
|
|
|猙
|粱
|-
|-
|猥
|糊
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wui¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai² • Cantonese · Jyutping : wui² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ué
|(obsolete) to accumulate • (obsolete) many; numerous • (literary) numerous and chaotic • (literary) lowly; obscene • (obsolete) incorrectly; erroneously • (obsolete) suddenly • (Lichuan Gan) to play
|
|
|obscene • vulgar
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khôo • Middle-Chinese : hu
|猥 (eum 외 (oe))
|(literary) congee; rice gruel; porridge • to eat gruel to allay one's hunger • paste • to apply a mixture • muddled; unclear; blurry • (Mainland China, fandom slang) to flop • victory in mahjong game
| ‖ 糊(のり) • (nori)
|glue ‖ glue
|糊 • (ho) · 糊 • (ho) (hangeul 호, revised ho, McCune–Reischauer ho, Yale ho)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : hồ
|
|
|猥
|糊
|-
|-
|猫
|糕
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gou¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ko • Hokkien · Tai-lo : koo
|cake • pudding; paste
|
|
| ‖ 猫(ねこ) or 猫(ネコ) • (neko) (counter 匹) ‖ 猫(ねこま) • (nekoma)
| ‖ a cat ‖ (obsolete) a cat
|
|
|Hanja form of 묘 (“cat”).
|糕 • (go) · 糕 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko)
|
|
|猫
|Hán-Nôm : cao
|cake, pastry, pie
|糕
|-
|-
|献
|糙
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cou³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshòo • Middle-Chinese : tshawH
|unhusked; unshucked; unpolished (of rice) • rough; coarse; crude; unrefined • rude; impolite
|
|
|
|
|offer, present • show, display
|糙 • (jo) · 糙 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho, Yale co)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|献
|糙
|-
|-
|猷
|糟
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iû
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsluː) : semantic 米 + phonetic 曹 (OC *zluː).
|to plan, scheme • plan, plot • way
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zou¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tso • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsau • Middle-Chinese : tsaw
|alcohol dregs • to preserve food in alcohol or alcohol dregs • (informal) awful; messy; terrible; in bad shape • to decay; to decompose; to spoil • (literary, or in compounds) to damage; to cause destruction to; to harm
| ‖
| ‖
|糟 • (jo) · 糟 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho, Yale co)
|
|Hán-Nôm : tao • Hán-Nôm : tào
|(literary, only used in compound tao khang) alcohol dregs
|糟
|-
|糠
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰlaːŋ) : semantic 米 (“rice”) + phonetic 康 (OC *kʰlaːŋ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khng • Middle-Chinese : khang
|chaff; bran; husks • crumbs • (of a radish) spongy • poor quality; worthless
|
|
|
|
|猷 (eum 유 (yu))
|糠 • (gang) · 糠 • (gang) (hangeul 강, revised gang, McCune–Reischauer kang, Yale kang)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : khang
|
|
|猷
|糠
|-
|-
|獅
|糯
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕ • Cantonese · Jyutping : si¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sai • Hokkien · Tai-lo : su • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sir
| ‖
|lion
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : no⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nōo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lō ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsu̍t
| ‖ 獅(し) • (shi)
|glutinous; sticky • glutinous rice ‖ (Southern Min) Alternative form of 秫 (“glutinous rice”)
|a lion ‖ lion
| ‖ 糯(もち) • (mochi)
|獅 (eumhun 사자 사 (saja sa))
| ‖ glutinous rice
|Hanja form of 사 (“lion”).
|糯 • (na) · 糯 • (na) (hangeul 나, revised na, McCune–Reischauer na, Yale na)
|chữ Hán form of sư (“lion”).
|獅
|-
|獎
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiáng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiúnn
|to reward someone with something as encouragement; to award • reward; prize • prize money
|
|
|Alternative form of 奨: reward; prize
|Hán-Nôm : nhu
|獎 (eum 장 (jang))
|Alternative form of 奬
|
|
|獎
|糯
|-
|-
|獐
|紊
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsionn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiunn
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mɯns) : phonetic 文 (OC *mɯn) + semantic 糸 (“silk”)
|water deer
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄣˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : man⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : man⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leon⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : būn • Middle-Chinese : mjunH
| ‖
|disorderly; chaotic; dysfunctional; confused
|roebuck • hornless river deer ‖
|獐 (eumhun 노루 장 (noru jang))
|roe deer
|chữ Hán form of chương (“musk deer”).
|獐
|-
|獗
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ
|Only used in 猖獗 (chāngjué).
|
|
|fall into confusion • disorder
|紊 • (mun) · 紊 • (mun) (hangeul 문, revised mun, McCune–Reischauer mun, Yale mun)
|
|
|獗 • (gwol) · 獗 • (gwol) (hangeul 궐, revised gwol, McCune–Reischauer kwŏl, Yale kwel)
|
|
|
|
|獗
|紊
|-
|-
|獰
|紋
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ning⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mɯn) : semantic 糸 (“thread”) + phonetic 文 (OC *mɯn) – a line of thread. Specialised character from 文 (OC *mɯn). \ From 文 (OC *mɯn, “mark, tattoo”).
|ferocious; hideous
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : man⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bûn • Middle-Chinese : mjun
|line; streak; stripe • grain (of wood) • wrinkle • pattern • to tattoo
| ‖ 紋(もん) • (mon) ^(←もん (mon)?)
|crest (often of a family) ‖ Synonym of 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”)
|紋 (eumhun 무늬 문 (munui mun))
|hanja form of 문 (“figure”)
|
|
|
|
|獰 (eumhun 모질 녕 (mojil nyeong), South Korea 모질 영 (mojil yeong))
|紋
|Hanja form of 녕/영 (“ferocious; hideous”).
|
|獰
|-
|-
|獷
|紡
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄤˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwong² • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwong³
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰaŋʔ) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 方 (OC *paŋ, *baŋ). \ Compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k(w)aŋ ⪤ *pʷaŋ (“spider; spin; spindle”), whence Tibetan ཕང (phang, “spindle”), Burmese ဝင့် (wang., “to spin (cotton)”) (STEDT).
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fong² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pháng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hóng • Middle-Chinese : phjangX
|
|to spin; to reel; to weave • reeled pongee
|
|
|獷 • (gwang) · 獷 • (gwang) (hangeul 광, revised gwang, McCune–Reischauer kwang, Yale kwang)
|to spin; to make yarn • to spin (a tale); to assemble (e.g. words); to put together
|紡 (eum 방 (bang))
|
|
|
|
|獷
|-
|獺
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄚˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caat³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taat³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuah
|otter
| ‖ 獺(うそ) • (uso)
|otter ‖ an otter
|獺 (eumhun 수달 달 (sudal dal))
|Hanja form of 달 (“otter”).
|
|
|獺
|紡
|-
|-
|玀
|紳
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lo⁴
|Used in 豬玀／猪猡 (zhūluó, “pig”). • Used in 猓玀／猓猡 (Guǒluó, “the Yi people”).
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : san¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sin • Middle-Chinese : syin
|girdle worn by officials in ancient China • to tie; to bind • gentleman
|
|
|sire • good belt • gentleman
|紳 • (sin) · 紳 • (sin) (hangeul 신, revised sin, McCune–Reischauer sin, Yale sin)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|玀
|紳
|-
|-
|玟
|紹
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄣˊ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djewʔ) : semantic 糸 + phonetic 召 (OC *dews, *djews).
|(literary) veins in jade
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : siu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siāu • Middle-Chinese : dzyewX
|to continue; to carry on • Short for 紹興／绍兴 (Shàoxīng, “Shaoxing”). • a surname
|
|
|introduce
|紹 • (so) · 紹 • (so) (hangeul 소, revised so, McCune–Reischauer so, Yale so)
|
|
|玟 • (min) · 玟 • (min) (hangeul 민)
|
|
|
|
|玟
|紹
|-
|-
|玳
|絃
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : doi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tāi
|Characters in the same phonetic series (玄) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡeːn, *qʰʷeːn) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 玄 (OC *ɡʷeːn). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (玄) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡeːn, *qʰʷeːn) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 玄 (OC *ɡʷeːn).
|Only used in 玳瑁 (dàimào); also used as its short form.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin⁴ • Middle-Chinese : hen ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄢˋ • Middle-Chinese : xwenH
|Alternative form of 弦 (“string on a musical instrument”) ‖ Alternative form of 絢／绚 (xuàn)
|
|
|絃 • (hyeon) · 絃 • (hyeon) (hangeul 현, revised hyeon, McCune–Reischauer hyŏn, Yale hyen)
|
|
|
|
|玳 • (dae) · 玳 • (dae) (hangeul 대, revised dae, McCune–Reischauer tae, Yale tay)
|
|
|chữ Hán form of đại (“only used in 玳瑁 (đại mội)”). • Nôm form of đồi (“tortoise shell”).
|絃
|玳
|-
|-
|珀
|絕
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paak³
|Originally ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 刀 (“knife”) + 幺 (“silk”) or ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 刀 (“knife”) + 𢆶 (“silk”) — to cut silk threads. \ Now phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 糹 (“silk”) + semantic 刀 (“knife”) + phonetic 巴 (卪).
|Only used in 琥珀 (hǔpò, “amber”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tse̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tse̍rh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsēr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsua̍t • Middle-Chinese : dzjwet
|to break off; to cut off; to sever • to terminate; to discontinue; to break off • to exhaust; to use up • superb; peerless; matchless • desperate; dangerous without a way out • extremely; most • (used before a negative) absolutely; definitely; certainly • to die • (literary) to cross; to traverse; to pass • (poetry) jueju; quatrain • (literary) faraway; distant; remote • (literary) to surpass; to outdo • (Xiamen Hokkien) Used at the start of a sentence to express surprise, admiration, regret, or frustration
|
|
|
|
|珀 • (bak) · 珀 • (bak) (hangeul 박, revised bak, McCune–Reischauer pak, Yale pak)
|絕 (eum 절 (jeol))
|Alternative form of 絶
|
|
|
|
|珀
|絕
|-
|-
|珊
|絞
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : san • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suan
| ‖
|coral • Used in compounds.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : káu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ká • Middle-Chinese : kaewX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haau⁴
|to twist; to wring • to wind; to intertwine; to grind • Classifier for skeins of wools or thread. ‖ (historical) sash used to tie a dead body • greenish-yellow
|
|strangle; constrict • to wring; to squeeze; to milk
|絞 • (gyo) · 絞 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo, Yale kyo)
|
|
|coral
|珊 (eum 산 (san))
|
|
|
|
|珊
|絞
|-
|-
|珮
|絮
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pui³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phua̍h
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rnaːs, *nas, *snas, *nas) : phonetic 如 (OC *nja, *njas) + semantic 糸 (“silk”). ‖  ‖  ‖
|(historical) jade ornament worn as a pendant on the waist • Alternative form of 佩 (pèi, “to wear on the waist”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sù • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sìr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sì • Middle-Chinese : sjoH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄩˋ • Middle-Chinese : nrjoH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˋ • Middle-Chinese : trhjoH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄚˋ • Middle-Chinese : naeH
|(archaic) coarse silk floss • cotton; cotton wadding • (botany) pubescence; villus; fine hair • to wad with cotton or silk floss • long-winded • bored; fed up; sick of something ‖ a surname ‖ to mix; to stir ‖ (of silk) disorderly; tangled
|
|
|bauble; jewel
|珮 (eum 패 (pae))
|
|
|絮 • (seo, yeo) · 絮 • (seo, yeo) (hangeul 서, 여, revised seo, yeo, McCune–Reischauer sŏ, yŏ, Yale se, ye)
|
|
|珮
|-
|琊
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngaa⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : je⁴
|Used in 瑯琊／琅琊 (Lángyá).
|
|
|(arch.) place in eastern Shandong
|
|
|絮
|-
|絲
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 糸 + 糸.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si • Hokkien · Tai-lo : su • Middle-Chinese : si
|silk • items made from woven silk • silk-like object; fine thread; thin strip; thin shred • (music) string instrument • Classifier for extremely small quantities. • (Buddhism, obsolete) the number 10⁻⁴
| ‖ 絲(いと) • (Ito)
|Kyūjitai form of 糸: thread ‖ a female given name • a surname
|絲 • (sa) · 絲 • (sa) (hangeul 사)
|(명주): silk • (실): thread
|
|
|
|
|琊
|絲
|-
|-
|琥
|經
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hóo
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *keːŋ, *keːŋs) : semantic 糸 (“silk; thread”) + phonetic 巠 (OC *keːŋ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *keːŋ, *keːŋs) : semantic 糸 (“silk; thread”) + phonetic 巠 (OC *keːŋ).
|Only used in 琥珀 (hǔpò, “amber”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kenn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : king • Middle-Chinese : keng • Middle-Chinese : kengH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥˋ • Middle-Chinese : kengH
|(weaving) warp, a thread running lengthwise in a woven fabric • to go through; to experience • to control; to manage; to engage in • something regarded as principal, doctrinal or classical · norm; regulation • something regarded as principal, doctrinal or classical · Chinese classics • something regarded as principal, doctrinal or classical · sacred texts of a certain religion, often used as a suffix for the titles of religious works • (traditional Chinese medicine) blood vessel • menses; menstruation • Short for 經度／经度 (jīngdù, “longitude”). • (Hakka, Southern Min) to weave • a surname ‖ to weave • (weaving) to wrap; to arrange strands of thread so that they run lengthwise • Alternative form of 徑／径 (jìng, “diameter”) • Alternative form of 徑／径 (jìng, “path”) • Alternative form of 徑／径 (jìng, “straight; directly”)
|
|
|jewelled tiger.
|classic works • pass through
|琥 • (ho) · 琥 • (ho) (hangeul 호, revised ho, McCune–Reischauer ho, Yale ho)
|經 (eumhun 지날 경 (jinal gyeong))
|
|hanja form of 경 (“to pass”)
|
|canonical : 經: Hán Việt readings: kinh 經: Nôm readings: canh • canonical : kinh
|琥
|classic works
|經
|-
|綠
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roɡ) : semantic 糸 + phonetic 彔 (OC *b·roːɡ). \ Starostin derives this from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *rwak (“leaf”), and cites Tibetan ཁྲོག་པོ (khrog po, “botanical term used of leaves standing round the stem scattered or alternately”), Burmese ရွက် (rwak), အရွက် (a.rwak, “leaf”) as cognates. Compare also Kinnauri rāgʻ (“blue, green”). \ Cognate with 菉 (“name of a plant of uncertain species”). In modern times this character gave rise to 氯 (“chlorine”). \ For the sense “to cuckold”, see 綠頭巾／绿头巾 (lǜtóujīn).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : li̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lio̍k • Middle-Chinese : ljowk
|green • to become green • (literary, only of hair) black and glossy (especially in a youthful-looking way) • healthy; environmentally friendly; green • green leaves • green field • Original form of 籙. • Alternative form of 菉 (lù, “name of a plant”) • (symbolic) Islam(ic); Muslim • (politics) related to the pro-independence pan-Green coalition of Taiwan • (slang) to cuckold • a surname
| ‖ 綠(みどり) • (Midori)
|Kyūjitai form of 緑: the color green ‖ a female given name.
|綠 (eumhun 푸를 록 (pureul rok), word-initial (South Korea) 푸를 녹 (pureul nok))
|hanja form of 록/녹 (“blue, green”)
|Hán-Nôm : lục
|green
|綠
|-
|網
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mlaŋʔ) : semantic 糸 (“rope”) + phonetic 罔 (OC *mlaŋʔ). \ Compare Thai มุ้ง (múng, “mosquito net”), มอง (mɔɔng, “a kind of fishing net”) (Manomaiviboon, 1975). Perhaps the same word as 罔 (OC *mlaŋʔ, “to deceive”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mlaŋʔ) : semantic 糸 (“rope”) + phonetic 罔 (OC *mlaŋʔ). \ Compare Thai มุ้ง (múng, “mosquito net”), มอง (mɔɔng, “a kind of fishing net”) (Manomaiviboon, 1975). Perhaps the same word as 罔 (OC *mlaŋʔ, “to deceive”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄤˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bāng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bǎng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bóng • Middle-Chinese : mjangX ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : báng
|net; web • network • the Internet; the Web • internet connection • (Cantonese) website (Classifier: 個／个 c) • to net; to catch with a net • to cover; to enclose; to net • (Mainland China Hokkien) to meticulously patch (a sewing technique) • (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) to steal; to snatch ‖ (Quanzhou Hokkien) to catch someone; to arrest • (Quanzhou Hokkien) to steal; to snatch
| ‖ 網(あみ) • (ami) ‖ 網(もう) • (-mō)
| ‖ net, netting ‖ network
|網 (eumhun 그물 망 (geumul mang))
|hanja form of 망 (“net”)
|Hán-Nôm : võng
|web, net • a hammock
|網
|-
|-
|琪
|綻
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei⁴
| ‖
|a beautiful jade; also connotes flourishing flowers and plants; a metaphor for precious things
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiān • Middle-Chinese : dreanH ‖
|to burst open; to split (at the seam) ‖ (Eastern Min) Alternative form of 賺／赚 (“incorrect”)
|
|
|type of jade
|be rent • ripped • unravel • run • begin to open • smile
|琪 • (gi) · 琪 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki)
|綻 (eumhun 터질 탄 (teojil tan))
|fine jade
|hanja form of 탄 (“to burst open, to split”)
|Hán-Nôm : trán • Hán-Nôm : chám • Hán-Nôm : chớm • Hán-Nôm : trám • Hán-Nôm : trớm
|
|
|琪
|綻
|-
|-
|琶
|緒
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paa⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pêe
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljaʔ) : semantic 糹 + phonetic 者 (OC *tjaːʔ).
|Only used in 琵琶. • a kind of method of playing pipa
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sǐr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sī • Middle-Chinese : zjoX
|
|thread; thread end • beginning • mental state • clue
|Lute
| ‖ 緒(しょ) • (sho) ‖ 緒(ちょ) • (cho) ‖ 緒(お) • (o)
|琶 • (pa) · 琶 • (pa) (hangeul 파, revised pa, McCune–Reischauer p'a, Yale pha)
| ‖ beginning • mental or emotional state ‖ Alternative form of 緒 (sho) ‖ string; cord; thong • (specifically) string of a geta or sandal
|緒 • (seo) · 緒 • (seo) (hangeul 서, revised seo, McCune–Reischauer sŏ, Yale se)
|Alternative form of 緖
|Hán-Nôm : tự
|
|
|
|緒
|琶
|-
|-
|琺
|締
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : faat³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fat³
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *deː, *deːɡs) : semantic 糸 + phonetic 帝 (OC *teːɡs).
|Used in 琺瑯／珐琅 (fàláng). • a surname
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dai³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tai³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tè • Middle-Chinese : dej • Middle-Chinese : dejH
|to form; to establish • to associate • to restrain; to suppress
|
|
|to close • to shut something; to lock something closed
|締 • (che) · 締 • (che) (hangeul 체, revised che, McCune–Reischauer ch'e, Yale chey)
|
|
|琺 • (beop) · 琺 • (beop) (hangeul 법, revised beop, McCune–Reischauer pŏp, Yale pep)
|
|
|
|
|琺
|締
|-
|-
|琿
|緣
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fai¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄣˊ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lon, *lons) : semantic 糹 + phonetic 彖 (OC *l̥ʰjelʔ, *hljelʔ, *l̥ʰoːns). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lon, *lons) : semantic 糹 + phonetic 彖 (OC *l̥ʰjelʔ, *hljelʔ, *l̥ʰoːns).
|Used in 璦琿／瑷珲 (Àihuī). • (literary) beautiful jade ‖ Used in a place name • (literary) beautiful jade
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iân • Middle-Chinese : ywen ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun⁶
|hem (edge of a piece of clothing) • edge; brink; margin • along; down; throughout the length of • to climb up; to climb vertically; to ascend • to involve; to implicate; to incriminate • reason; cause; basis • (literary) because of; due to • relying on; depending on • lucky chance; luck or lot by which people are brought together; predestined relationship; fate; serendipity • linkage; bondings ‖ hem; margin • to edge with lace; to rim with lace, border, etc.
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|jewel
|hem • margin • reason • cause • karma • destiny; fate
|琿 • (heun) · 琿 • (heun) (hangeul 흔, revised heun, McCune–Reischauer hŭn, Yale hun)
|緣 • (yeon, dan) · 緣 • (yeon, dan) (hangeul 연, 단, revised yeon, dan, McCune–Reischauer yŏn, tan, Yale yen, tan)
|beautiful jade, gem
|fate • reason
|Hán-Nôm : duyên
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|琿
|緣
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|-
|瑁
|緻
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mou⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄠˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mui⁶
|jade used by Son of Heaven to be pieced together with feudal lords' ceremonical jade gui (圭) ‖ Only used in 玳瑁 (dàimào, dàimèi).
|
|jade used by emperor of China
|瑁 • (mo, mae) · 瑁 • (mo, mae) (hangeul 모, 매, revised mo, mae, McCune–Reischauer mo, mae, Yale mo, may)
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|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi³ • Middle-Chinese : drijH
|delicate; fine
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|瑁
|fine (not coarse)
|-
|緻 • (chi) · 緻 • (chi) (hangeul 치, revised chi, McCune–Reischauer ch'i, Yale chi)
|瑕
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haa⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hâ
|flaw; blemish
| ‖ 瑕(か) • (ka) ‖ 瑕(か) • (ka)
| ‖ blemish, flaw ‖ a flaw
|瑕 • (ha) · 瑕 • (ha) (hangeul 하, revised ha, McCune–Reischauer ha, Yale ha)
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|Hán-Nôm : trí
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|瑕
|緻
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|-
|瑚
|縛
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *baːɡs, *baɡ) : semantic 糸 (“rope”) + phonetic 尃 (OC *pʰa). \ Austroasiatic. Compare Khmer ប៉ាក់ (pak, “to embroider”), Mon ဗိုက် (“to put around esp. lower half of body”), Temiar bəg (“to bind”) (Schuessler, 2007). Alternatively, note Thai ผูก (pùuk, “to tie; to bind”) and Vietnamese buộc (“to tie; to bind”).
|Used in 珊瑚 (shānhú)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bok³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bok⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fok³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fok⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pa̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ho̍k • Middle-Chinese : baH • Middle-Chinese : bjak
|
|to tie up; to bind; to truss • (Hokkien) to weave from bamboo strips (tools, utensils, etc.) • (Hokkien) feeling tight when worn (of clothes) • (Hokkien) Classifier for bundled items. • (Mainland China Hokkien) to take on a contract; to undertake (a job, construction project, etc.) • (Mainland China Hokkien) to wrap; to bind up • (Xiamen Hokkien) to rent; to lease • a surname
|
|瑚 (eumhun 산호 호 (sanho ho))
|
|
|to tie, to bind
|縛 (eumhun 묶을 박 (mukkeul bak))
|hanja form of 박 (“tie”)
|Hán-Nôm : phược • Hán-Nôm : phọc • Hán-Nôm : phước
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|瑚
|縛
|-
|-
|瑛
|縣
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jing¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ing
|Shuowen: Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 𥄉 + 系 – to hang 系 by the head 𥄉 (hair hanging down). \ Original form of 懸. Originally in bronze and bamboo slip scripts, Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 目 + 木 + 糸 - to hang with the string 糸 by the head 目 (using an eye to represent a head) on a tree 木. In Qin bamboo slip scripts, some of 目 + 木 were corrupted to 県 (with one straight horizontal line rather than 𠃊) which interpreted to a reversed 首 head by Shuowen, and 糸 was corrupted to 系. ‖
|(literary) luster of jade • (literary) beautiful jade; jade-like stone • Alternative form of 英 (yīng, “outstanding figure”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuāinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuīnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuǎn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiān • Middle-Chinese : hwenH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun⁴ • Middle-Chinese : hwen
|A type of administrative division: · (historical, in ancient China) district; prefecture • A type of administrative division: · (in Mainland China) county (third level division that is now generally restricted to rural areas, contrasted with urban districts (區／区 (qū))) • A type of administrative division: · (in Taiwan) county (first level division that used to be under the jurisdiction of a province but are now directly administered by the central government) • A type of administrative division: · (in Japan) prefecture • A type of administrative division: · (in the United States) county (second level division under the jurisdiction of a state, excluding Alaska and Louisiana) • (in many cases but not always) county seat (the town which serves as the seat of government of such divisions) • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 懸／悬 (xuán, “to hang; to suspend”)
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|瑛 (eum 영 (yeong))
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|瑛
|Hán-Nôm : huyện
|chữ Hán form of huyện (“district”).
|縣
|-
|-
|瑜
|縫
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jû
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boŋ, *boŋs) : semantic 糹 + phonetic 逢 (OC *boŋ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boŋ, *boŋs) : semantic 糹 + phonetic 逢 (OC *boŋ).
|^⁜ fine jade • ^⁜ luster of gems • Used in transcription of Sanskrit terms. • Used in personal names.
|Cantonese · Jyutping : fung⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pâng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hông • Middle-Chinese : bjowng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fung⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄥˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phāng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hōng • Middle-Chinese : bjowngH
|to sew • to patch; to mend • a surname: Feng ‖ seam; crack; narrow slit • gap; space; opening; crack (Classifier: 道 m)
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|
|to sew
|縫 • (bong) · 縫 • (bong) (hangeul 봉, revised bong, McCune–Reischauer pong, Yale pong)
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|
|瑜 (eumhun 아름다운 옥 유 (areumdaun ok yu))
|Hán-Nôm : phùng
|beautiful jade
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|瑜
|縫
|-
|-
|瑣
|縱
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄛˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : so² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : só
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsloŋ, *ʔsloŋs) : semantic 糸 + phonetic 從 (OC *zloŋ, *zloŋ, *zloŋs). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsloŋ, *ʔsloŋs) : semantic 糸 + phonetic 從 (OC *zloŋ, *zloŋ, *zloŋs). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsloŋ, *ʔsloŋs) : semantic 糸 + phonetic 從 (OC *zloŋ, *zloŋ, *zloŋs). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsloŋ, *ʔsloŋs) : semantic 糸 + phonetic 從 (OC *zloŋ, *zloŋ, *zloŋs).
|petty; trivial; insignificant • low; base • Original form of 鎖／锁 (suǒ, “chain; lock”). • chain-like pattern • ^‡ sound of jade; fragments of jade • a surname
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zung³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiòng • Middle-Chinese : tsjowngH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄥˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiong • Middle-Chinese : tsjowng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zung² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshióng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄥˊ
|(literary) loose; relaxed • (literary) to shoot an arrow • (literary) to send out; to deliver • to let go; to release; to set free • to let loose • to jump up; to jump over • (dialectal, including Cantonese, Hainanese, Leizhou Mina, Liuzhou Mandarin, Loudi Xiang) to spoil; to pamper • even if; even though • a surname ‖ of the north-south direction; vertical • longitudinal; lengthwise • (historical) Short for 合縱／合纵 (hézòng, “to ally with”). • (military) Short for 縱隊／纵队 (zòngduì, “column corps”). • Alternative form of 蹤／踪 (zōng, “trace”) ‖ Used in 縱縱／纵纵 (zǒngzǒng, “hurried; numerous”). • Used in 縱臾／纵臾 (zǒngyǒng, “to encourage”). ‖ (obsolete, of hair worn in a bun) big and tall
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|瑣 • (swae) · 瑣 • (swae) (hangeul 쇄, revised swae, McCune–Reischauer swae, Yale sway)
|縱 (eum 종 (jong)) · 縱 (eum 총 (chong))
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|
|Hán-Nôm : túng • Hán-Nôm : tung
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|瑣
|縱
|-
|-
|瑤
|總
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iâu
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsloːŋʔ) : semantic 糸 (“rope”) + phonetic 悤 ().
|(literary) precious jade • (literary) fine; precious • (～族) Yao people
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄥˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsóng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsáng • Middle-Chinese : tsuwngX
|to collect • overall; altogether • always • Used as a suffix after a person's surname in nicknames for people being leader of a company, usually for males.
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|
|beautiful (as a jewel)
|Kyūjitai form of 総 (general, overall, total)
|瑤 • (yo) · 瑤 • (yo) (hangeul 요, revised yo, McCune–Reischauer yo, Yale yo)
|總 • (chong) · 總 • (chong) (hangeul 총, revised chong, McCune–Reischauer ch'ong, Yale chong)
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|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tổng • Hán-Nôm : tông ‖ romanization : tổng
|瑤
| ‖ chữ Hán form of tổng (“general; overall; comprehensive”).
|總
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|-
|瑩
|繕
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jing⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : îng
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡjens) : semantic 糸 (“thread; textile”) + phonetic 善 (OC *ɡjenʔ, “good”). Also Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : to repair; to make good. \ Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *glan (“to repair”), cognate to Tibetan གླན་པ (glan pa, “to patch; to mend”) and related forms (Gong 1995; STEDT).
|lustrous and transparent • (literary) jade-like stone • (literary) luster of gems • (literary) to polish; to adorn
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin⁶ • Middle-Chinese : dzyenH
|to repair; to mend • to copy neatly; to transcribe • to prepare; to renovate • to keep; to maintain • firm; resolute
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|
|clear
|darning • repair
|瑩 (eum 영 (yeong))
|繕 • (seon) · 繕 • (seon) (hangeul 선, revised seon, McCune–Reischauer sŏn, Yale sen)
|lustre of gems • bright, lustrous
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|
|瑩
|canonical : 繕: Hán Việt readings: thiện
|chữ Hán form of thiện (“repair, transcribe neatly”).
|繕
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|-
|瑪
|繫
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maa⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bé • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bée • Hokkien · Tai-lo : má
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *keːɡs, *ɡeːɡs) : phonetic 毄 () + semantic 糸 (“thread”) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *keːɡs, *ɡeːɡs) : phonetic 毄 () + semantic 糸 (“thread”)
|Used in 瑪瑙／玛瑙 (mǎnǎo). • a surname • Used in transcription.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hai⁶ • Middle-Chinese : kejH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hē • Middle-Chinese : hejH
|to tie, to fasten, to button up ‖ to connect; to link • to arrest; to imprison • to be concerned about
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|
|agate • onyx
|attach • connect • unite • fasten
|瑪 • (ma) · 瑪 • (ma) (hangeul 마, revised ma, McCune–Reischauer ma, Yale ma)
|繫 (eumhun 맬 계 (mael gye))
|hanja form of 경 (“bind, connect”)
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|瑪
|繫
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|瑯
|繭
|Hokkien · Tai-lo : long • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lông
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 糸 (“silk”) + 虫 (“insect”) + abbreviated 黹 (“needlework”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaan² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kián • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kíng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kán • Middle-Chinese : kenX
|cocoon • callus
| ‖ 繭(まゆ) • (mayu)
|a cocoon ‖ (entomology) a cocoon
|繭 • (gyeon) · 繭 • (gyeon) (hangeul 견, revised gyeon, McCune–Reischauer kyŏn, Yale kyen)
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|
|Hán-Nôm : kiển • Hán-Nôm : kén • Hán-Nôm : kiền
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|precious stone
|繭
|瑯 • (rang>nang) · 瑯 • (rang>nang) (hangeul 랑>낭, revised rang>nang, McCune–Reischauer rang>nang, Yale lang>nang)
|-
|繼
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *keːɡs) : semantic 糸 (“rope”) + phonetic 㡭 (). \ The original form may have depicted four 幺 (“silk”). \ According to Schuessler 2007, originally the same word as 係 (OC *keːɡs).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : gai³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kè • Middle-Chinese : kejH
|to continue; to maintain; to carry on; to follow • to inherit and carry on; to succeed • follow-up; ensuing; following • immediately afterward; right afterward; soon after • a surname: Ji
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|
|acquire by birthright • follow in someone's footsteps or position • (clothes) patch • (be) grafted into a tree
|繼 (eumhun 이을 계 (ieul gye))
|hanja form of 계 (“continue, persist”) • hanja form of 계 (“inherit”)
|Hán-Nôm : kế
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|瑯
|繼
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|-
|璋
|續
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng¹
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljoɡs, *ljoɡ) : semantic 糸 (“rope”) + phonetic 𧶠 (OC *luɡ).
|a small jade ornament that can be hung at the waist or on other items such as fans, swords, or even lanterns • jade plaything
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zuk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sio̍k • Middle-Chinese : zjowk
|to continue; to carry on; to succeed • (colloquial) to add • (Cantonese) to extend; to renew • a surname: Xu
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|continuation • sequel • series • carry on • succeed
|續 (eumhun 이을 속 (ieul sok))
|hanja form of 속 (“continuation”)
|Hán-Nôm : tục
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|璋 • (jang) · 璋 • (jang) (hangeul 장, revised jang, McCune–Reischauer chang, Yale cang)
|續
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|璋
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|-
|璜
|缶
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wong⁴
|Pictogram (象形) – a pot with a lid.
|(historical) semi-circular jade pendant used for ritual and ornamental purposes • Used in 璜璜.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄡˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hió • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hóo • Middle-Chinese : pjuwX
|
|earthen pot or jar for storing an alcoholic drink • musical instrument for ritual music
|jade ornament semicircular in shape
| ‖ 缶(かん) • (kan) ^(←くわん (kwan)?) ‖ 缶(かん) • (-kan) ^(←くわん (kwan)?)
|璜 • (hwang) · 璜 • (hwang) (hangeul 황, revised hwang, McCune–Reischauer hwang, Yale hwang)
|pot; can • tin can • container • jar radical (no. 121) ‖ a can, a tin ‖ counter for canned goods
|a semicircular jade ornament used as a pendant
|缶 • (bu) · 缶 • (bu) (hangeul 부, revised bu, McCune–Reischauer pu, Yale pu)
|an earthern vessel that bulges in the middle and has a narrow mouth • refers to one of many types of the double-headed drums with a narrow waist in the middle • 洋甁, a glazed pot bulging in the middle with a narrow mouth • volume, capacity (=4斛) • rad. 121
|Hán-Nôm : phẫu • Hán-Nôm : phễu • Hán-Nôm : quán • Hán-Nôm : phữu
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|
|璜
|缶
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|-
|璣
|缸
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei¹
| ‖ Cognate with Hokkien 矸 (kan, “bottle”).
|imperfect pearl • (historical) an ancient astronomical instrument
|Cantonese · Jyutping : gong¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄤ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄤㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kng • Middle-Chinese : haewng ‖
|vat; crock; jar (usually with a large opening and small bottom, made of clay, porcelain, enamel, glass, etc.) (Classifier: 口 m) • pot-shaped vessel • compound of sand, clay, etc. for making earthenware ‖ (Teochew) jar; vase
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|璣 • (gi) · 璣 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki)
|缸 • (hang) · 缸 • (hang) (hangeul 항)
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|Hán-Nôm : hang • Hán-Nôm : cong • Hán-Nôm : hồng
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|璣
|缸
|-
|-
|璦
|罐
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : oi³
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koːns) : semantic 缶 (“pottery”) + phonetic 雚 (OC *koːns).
|fine quality jade
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gun³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄢˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuàn • Middle-Chinese : kwanH
|
|can; jar; tin; cylindrical container for holding objects or liquids or cooking • Classifier for canned items. • coal tub • (dialectal) bottle • (dialectal) Classifier for bottled items.
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|罐 • (gwan) · 罐 • (gwan) (hangeul 관, revised gwan, McCune–Reischauer kwan, Yale kwan)
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|Hán-Nôm : quán
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|璦
|罐
|-
|-
|瓊
|罔
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : king⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiông ‖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mlaŋʔ) : semantic 网 (“net”) + phonetic 亡 (OC *maŋ). \ ;“not have; not”
|(literary) fine jade (particularly red jade) • (literary) elegant; exquisite; beautiful • (abbreviation) Hainan • a surname ‖ A transliteration of the English female given name June
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mong⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bóng • Middle-Chinese : mjangX
|Alternative form of 網／网 • (literary) to not have • (literary) not • (literary) to deceive; to hide (truth) from • (archaic) to falsely accuse; to wrong (someone); to slander • (Eastern Min, with verbs and adjectives) the more... the more • (Eastern Min, with verbs) while (usually used as a pair: doing X while doing Y • (Eastern Min) although
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|瓊 • (gyeong) · 瓊 • (gyeong) (hangeul 경, revised gyeong, McCune–Reischauer kyŏng, Yale kyeng)
|罔 (eumhun 그물 망 (geumul mang))
|hanja form of 망 (“net”) • hanja form of 망 (“deceive”) • hanja form of 망 (“libel”) • hanja form of 망 (“negative”)
|Hán-Nôm : vóng • Hán-Nôm : vọng • Hán-Nôm : võng
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|罔
|瓊
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|瓏
|罕
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : long
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰaːnʔ, *qʰaːns) : semantic 网 (“net”) + phonetic 干 (OC *kaːn)
|a kind of jade that is for requesting rain and has the figure of a Chinese dragon on it
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hon² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huánn • Middle-Chinese : xanX • Middle-Chinese : xanH
|^† net with a long handle used for catching birds • rare; scarce • rarely; seldom • ^† flag; banner • a surname
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|clarity • sound of jewels
|瓏 • (rong>nong) · 瓏 • (rong>nong) (hangeul 롱>농, revised rong>nong, McCune–Reischauer rong>nong, Yale long>nong)
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|罕 • (han) · 罕 • (han) (hangeul 한, revised han, McCune–Reischauer han, Yale han)
|rare, elusive
|Hán-Nôm : hãn • Hán-Nôm : hắn • Hán-Nôm : hẳn
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|瓏
|罕
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|瓠
|罩
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wu⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wu⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wok⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rteːwɢs) : semantic 罒 + phonetic 卓 (OC *rteːwɢ).
|calabash gourd ‖ (obsolete) Used in 瓠蘆／瓠芦, alternative form of 葫蘆／葫芦 (húlu, “bottle gourd; calabash”) • (obsolete) container made of a large old bottle gourd • (obsolete) Alternative form of 壺／壶 (hú, “jar; jog”) • (Taiwanese Hakka) bottle gourd; calabash ‖ (obsolete) Only used in 瓠落 (“vast; spacious; frustrated”). ‖ Only used in 瓠讘／瓠𰵹 (“a county during the Han dynasty”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tàu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tà • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tauh • Middle-Chinese : traewH
|to cover; to wrap • cover; shade; hood • basket for catching fish • to surpass
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|gourd
|瓠 • (ho) · 瓠 • (ho) (hangeul 호, revised ho, McCune–Reischauer ho, Yale ho)
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|瓠
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|甄
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsin
|to make pottery • potter's wheel • to examine; to distinguish; to select the best • a surname
| ‖ 甄(けん) • (ken) ‖ 甄(けん) • (Ken)
|ceramic, porcelain • distinction; to distinguish • clear, distinct ‖ porcelain, ceramic ‖ a surname
|甄 • (gyeon, jin) · 甄 • (gyeon, jin) (hangeul 견, 진, revised gyeon, jin, McCune–Reischauer kyŏn, chin, Yale kyen, cin)
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|Hán-Nôm : chau • Hán-Nôm : tráo • Hán-Nôm : trạo • Hán-Nôm : trạu • Hán-Nôm : trậu • Hán-Nôm : trụa • Hán-Nôm : trũa • Hán-Nôm : trõa • Hán-Nôm : troã • Hán-Nôm : tròa • Hán-Nôm : troà • Hán-Nôm : tróa • Hán-Nôm : troá
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|甄
|罩
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|甌
|罵
|Cantonese · Jyutping : au¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄡ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : au • Hokkien · Tai-lo : oo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : io
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mraːʔ, *mraːs) : semantic 网 + phonetic 馬 (OC *mraːʔ).
|small bowl; small cup; small tray • Abbreviation of 溫州／温州 (Wēnzhōu): Wenzhou (a prefecture-level city in Zhejiang, in southeastern China) • a surname • (Penang Hokkien) cup • (Penang Hokkien) classifier for cups of drinks
|Cantonese · Jyutping : maa⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mēe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mǎ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mī • Middle-Chinese : maeX • Middle-Chinese : maeH
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|to chide; to blame • to curse; to swear • to scold
|small jar • jug
| ‖ 罵(ば) • (ba)
|甌 (eum 구 (gu))
| ‖ abuse; insult
|bowl, cup • small tray
|罵 (eumhun 꾸짖을 매 (kkujijeul mae))
|hanja form of 매 (“to scold”)
|Hán-Nôm : mạ • Hán-Nôm : mắng • Hán-Nôm : mà • Hán-Nôm : mựa
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|甌
|罵
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|甕
|羔
|Cantonese · Jyutping : ung³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄥˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : àng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : òng
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 羊 (“caprid”) + 灬 (“fire”) – a lamb being cooked on a fire. The definition may have come from animals like lambs being apt for cooking and eating. \ According to the Shuowen Jiezi, phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kluː) : semantic 羊 + abbreviated phonetic 照 (OC *tjews).
|urn; pottery jar • a surname
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gou¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ko • Hokkien · Tai-lo : koo • Middle-Chinese : kaw
| ‖ 甕(かめ) • (kame) ‖ 甕(みか) • (mika) ‖ 甕(みかわ) • (mikawa) ‖ 甕(もたい) • (motai) ^(←もたひ (motafi)?) ‖ 甕(たしらか) • (tashiraka)
|lamb • young animal • young
|jug, cistern ‖ earthenware pot ‖ large earthenware pot for brewing sake ‖ large earthenware pot for brewing sake ‖ earthenware vessel for sake, etc ‖ earthenware vessel used by the emperor to clean his hands
|甕 • (ong) · 甕 • (ong) (hangeul 옹, revised ong, McCune–Reischauer ong, Yale ong)
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|甕
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|甦
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sou¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : soo
|(literary) to revive; to resuscitate; to regain consciousness
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|甦 (eum 소 (so))
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|甦
|羔
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|甬
|羚
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ióng
|handle of a bell • path screened by walls on both sides • An ancient name for Ningbo, a city in Zhejiang province • The Yong River in Ningbo
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|road with walls on both sides
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁴ • Middle-Chinese : leng
|antelope; gazelle • goral; serow • ^‡ lamb; young sheep
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|antelope • serow
|羚 • (ryeong>yeong) · 羚 • (ryeong>yeong) (hangeul 령>영, revised ryeong>yeong, McCune–Reischauer ryŏng>yŏng, Yale lyeng>yeng)
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|canonical : 羚: Hán Việt readings: linh
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|甬
|羚
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|甭
|羨
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄥˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bung² ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : bang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bàng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mang ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : mài
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 羊 (“sheep”) + 㳄 (“saliva”) – to envy. \ 羊 may be interpreted as a beautiful sheep or good mutton (cf. 美 “beautiful” and 善 “good”). \ The Kangxi Dictionary, following 《佩觿》, enters the word in etymology 2 as 羡, separating it from 羨 (etymology 1). This is also followed by dictionaries such as Hanyu Da Cidian and Dai Kan-Wa Jiten, but Zhongwen Da Cidian disagrees with this treatment. (Hanyu Da Zidian regards 羡 as the main form of all pronunciations.) According to 《說文解字羣經正字》: \ 羨，貪欲也，今經典往往作羡。郭忠恕《佩觿》分羨、羡爲二字。羡，以脂翻，江夏地名；羨，似面翻，慕也。非也，字書無从次之字，惟一字而數音耳。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]羡，贪欲也，今经典往往作羡。郭忠恕《佩觿》分羡、羡为二字。羡，以脂翻，江夏地名；羡，似面翻，慕也。非也，字书无从次之字，惟一字而数音耳。 [Classical Chinese, simp.] \ From: 《說文解字羣經正字》, quoted from Zhongwen Da Cidian \ 羨 (Xiàn), tānyù yě, jīn jīngdiǎn wǎngwǎng zuò 羡. Guō Zhōngshù “Pèixī” fēn 羨 (xiàn), 羡 (yí) wéi èr zì. Yí, yǐ zhī fān, Jiāngxià dìmíng; xiàn, sì miàn fān, mù yě. Fēi yě, zìshū wú cóng 次 (cì) zhī zì, wéi yī zì ér shù yīn ěr. [Pinyin] \ 羨, meaning "to covet", is now frequently written as 羡 in the classics. Guo Zhongshu's Peixi distinguishes 羨 and 羡 as separate characters. 羡, fanqie 以脂, name of a place in Jiangxia. 羨, fanqie 似面, to desire. This is not the case. There's no such character with the 次 element in character dictionaries. There is only one character but several pronunciations. \ Possibly related to 餘 (OC *la, “surplus”) (Wang, 1982). ‖  ‖
|(dialectal Mandarin) Contraction of 不用 (“needn't”). • (Beijing Mandarin) Indicates a rhetorical question: could it be that...; is it possible that... ‖ (Hokkien) do not; don't; cannot ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 莫 (mài, “do not”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siǎn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suan • Middle-Chinese : zjenH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˊ • Middle-Chinese : yij ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ • Middle-Chinese : yenH
|to envy; to admire • (literary) surplus • (literary) to exceed • (obsolete) crooked; evil • 10th tetragram of the Taixuanjing (𝌏) • a surname ‖ Only used in 沙羨／沙羡 (“Shayi (county)”). ‖ Alternative form of 延 (yán, “to invite; to engage”) • Alternative form of 埏 (“tomb passage”)
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|羨 (eumhun 부러워할 선 (bureowohal seon)) ‖ 羨 (eumhun 무덤길 연 (mudeomgil yeon))
|hanja form of 선 (“envy; envious”) ‖ hanja form of 연 (“road to a grave”)
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|羨
|甭
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|画
|羹
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kenn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : king • Middle-Chinese : kaeng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : long⁴
|thick soup; broth • vegetable soup • soups in general • (Cantonese) spoon (Classifier: 隻／只 c) • (Cantonese) Classifier for amounts of substance in a spoon. ‖ Only used in 不羹.
| ‖ 羹(かん) • (kan) ‖ 羹(あつもの) • (atsumono)
| ‖ broth of fish and vegetables ‖ broth of fish and vegetables
|羹 • (gaeng) · 羹 • (gaeng) (hangeul 갱, revised gaeng, McCune–Reischauer kaeng, Yale kayng)
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|Hán-Nôm : canh
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| ‖ 画(が) • (ga) ‖ 画(が) • (-ga) ‖ 画(かく) • (kaku) ‖ 画(かく) • (kaku) ‖ 画(かく) • (-kaku)
|羹
| ‖ picture, drawing, painting • movie, film, video ‖ genre or style of painting ‖ delimiter, demarcation, stopping point • plan, strategy ‖ stroke (the individual lines and dots that comprise a kanji character) • a line in the divinatory trigrams of the I Ching: "—" (陽) and "- -" (陰) ‖ number of strokes in a kanji
|画 (eumhun 그림 화 (geurim hwa)) ‖ 画 (eumhun 그을 획 (geueul hoek))
|Alternative form of 畫 ‖ Alternative form of 畫
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|画
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|畚
|翅
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bun² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phún
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰjes) : phonetic 支 (OC *kje) + semantic 羽 (“feathers”).
|bamboo or wicker scoop; basket • dustpan • (dialectal) to scoop up with a dustpan
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sì • Middle-Chinese : syeH
|wing • fin
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|insect's wing
|翅 • (si) · 翅 • (si) (hangeul 시)
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|畚 • (bun) · 畚 • (bun) (hangeul 분, revised bun, McCune–Reischauer pun, Yale pun)
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|畚
|翅
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|畦
|翌
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kî
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lɯɡ) : phonetic 羽 (OC *ɢʷaʔ, *ɢʷas) + semantic 昱
|(obsolete) A unit of surface area, equal to 25 or 50 mu (畝／亩 (mǔ)) • ridge-bordered rectangular section of land in a field • (obsolete) to divide a field into sections and cultivate
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jik⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : i̍k • Middle-Chinese : yik
|(literary) next • (literary) bright; clear • (literary) Alternative form of 翼 (yì, “wing”) • (literary) to assist (now usually written as 翊)
| ‖ 翌(よく) • (yoku-)
|next ‖ next; following
|翌 (eumhun 다음날 익 (da'eumnal ik))
|hanja form of 익 (“the next day”)
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|rice paddy ridge • furrow • rib
|畦 • (hyu) · 畦 • (hyu) (hangeul 휴, revised hyu, McCune–Reischauer hyu, Yale hyu)
|sections in vegetable farm
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|畦
|翌
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|畿
|翔
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ki • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kî
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljaŋ) : phonetic 羊 (OC *laŋ) + semantic 羽 (“feathers”) \ Iterative of 徉 (OC *laŋ) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ After a netizen on Tieba named 軍神李翔／军神李翔 (Jūnshén Lǐ Xiáng, “Li Xiang the God of War”). In 2011, he argued with other netizens for many days, and the argument finally ended with his comment 我他媽就是一坨屎／我他妈就是一坨屎 (“I'm a fucking pile of shit”).
|imperial domain; area near the capital
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄤˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siâng • Middle-Chinese : zjang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄤˊ
|to fly; to soar ‖ (Mainland China, neologism, Internet slang) shit
| ‖ 翔(しょう) • (Shō)
|soar ‖ a male given name
|翔 (eumhun 날 상 (nal sang))
|hanja form of 상 (“soar”)
|Hán-Nôm : tường
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|capital, suburbs of capital
|翔
|畿 (eumhun 경기 기 (gyeonggi gi))
|Hanja form of 기 (“area near the capital”).
|imperial domain; area near the capital
|畿
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|疇
|翠
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiû
|From 淬 (OC *sʰuːds, “to dip into liquid, to plunge, to temper, to dye, etc.”), as kingfishers dive underwater to catch fish (Schuessler, 2007). \ The "blue-green, cyan" > "bright" senses are because of the kingfishers' plumages.
|(agriculture) field; farmland; arable land • (agriculture, specifically) hemp field • (agriculture) division in a field between different types of crops • (agriculture) to hill up; to earth up • to make equal • kind; class; category • Alternative form of 籌／筹 (chóu, “to calculate; to plan”) • Alternative form of 酬 (chóu, “to repay; to thank”) • who • Meaningless particle. • (～國) (historical) Chou (an ancient state in modern Henan) • a surname
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuì • Middle-Chinese : tshwijH
|kingfisher, especially a cyan or blue one • kingfisher feathers • green jade; jadeite • blue-green; cyan • bright; distinct
| ‖  ‖ 翠(みどり) • (Midori)
|green ‖  ‖ a female given name
|翠 • (chwi) · 翠 • (chwi) (hangeul 취, revised chwi, McCune–Reischauer ch'wi, Yale chwi)
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|companion, mate, colleague
|canonical : 翠: Hán Việt readings: thúy • canonical : thuý
|疇 (eumhun 밭이랑 주 (bachirang ju))
|chữ Hán form of Thuý (“female given name”).
|Hanja form of 주 (“furrow”).
|翠
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|翩
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pin¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phian • Middle-Chinese : phjien
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|疇
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|疋
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : so¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : su
|foot
| ‖ 疋(ひき) • (-hiki)
|counter for horses, mules, and small animals • counter for rolls of cloth • a measure of cloth • foot (rare) ‖ Alternative form of 匹: counter for smaller animals
|疋 • (pil, so) · 疋 • (pil, so) (hangeul 필, 소, revised pil, so, McCune–Reischauer p'il, so, Yale phil, so)
|roll, bolt of cloth • foot
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|疋
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|疎
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|翩 (eum 편 (pyeon))
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|alienate, neglect, rough, shun, sparse
|疎 (eumhun 성길 소 (seonggil so))
|Alternative form of 疏
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|疎
|翩
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|疝
|翰
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sàn
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡaːn, *ɡaːns) : phonetic 倝 (OC *kaːns) + semantic 羽 (“feather”).
|(pathology) hernia
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hon⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hān • Middle-Chinese : han • Middle-Chinese : hanH
|golden pheasant • to fly high • long and hard feather • (literary, or in compounds) writing brush • (literary, or in compounds) writing; literary work • (literary or polite) letter of correspondence • (literary) literary talent • white horse
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|疝 • (san) · 疝 • (san) (hangeul 산, revised san, McCune–Reischauer san, Yale san)
|翰 • (han) · 翰 • (han) (hangeul 한, revised han, McCune–Reischauer han, Yale han)
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|Hán-Nôm : hàn
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|疝
|翰
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|疥
|耀
|Cantonese · Jyutping : gaai³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kè
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lewɢs) : semantic 光 (“light; beam; ray”) + phonetic 翟 (OC *r'aːwɢ, *l'eːwɢ).
|scabies
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iāu • Middle-Chinese : yewH
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|to shine; to sparkle • to dazzle; to show off; to make a display of; to flaunt • rays of light; radiance • glorious • a surname • (Eastern Min) Alternative form of 邵 (siêu, “praise, appreciate, brag, admire”)
|scabby eruption
| ‖ 耀(よう) • (yō) ^(←えう (eu)?)
|疥 • (gae) · 疥 • (gae) (hangeul 개, revised gae, McCune–Reischauer kae, Yale kay)
|shine • sparkle • gleam • twinkle ‖ shine, sparkle, gleam, twinkle
|scabies, itch
|耀 • (yo) · 耀 • (yo) (hangeul 요, revised yo, McCune–Reischauer yo, Yale yo)
|shine, sparkle • dazzle • glory
|Hán-Nôm : diệu
|
|
|疥
|耀
|-
|-
|疳
|耍
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gam¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kam
|From 傻 (MC srwaeX, “foolish”) (Zhengzhang, 2003). ‖ Possibly from 賞 (OC *hjaŋʔ, “to enjoy”).
|(traditional Chinese medicine) infantile malnutrition due to digestive disturbances or intestinal parasites
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄚˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suá ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : sńg
| ‖ 疳(かん) • (kan)
|to play; to frolic; to amuse oneself • to make a fool of; to play tricks on • to perform; to play with; to fiddle with; to flourish • to brandish; to wield; to wave; to wield • to show off; to display; to act; to trick; to fool • (colloquial) to gamble • (Cantonese) Short for 耍太極／耍太极. • a surname ‖ (Southern Min) to play
| ‖ (traditional Chinese medicine) infantile neurosis where there is nocturnal crying as well as convulsions • Alternative spelling of 癇 (kan): nerves, temper • Short for 疳疾 (kanshitsu):
|疳 • (gam) · 疳 • (gam) (hangeul 감, revised gam, McCune–Reischauer kam, Yale kam)
|childhood diseases
|
|
|疳
|-
|疵
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci⁴
|illness • defect • calamity • censure • black spot; naevus
|
|
|
|
|疵 • (ja) · 疵 • (ja) (hangeul 자, revised ja, McCune–Reischauer cha, Yale ca)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : hỏa • Hán-Nôm : hoả • Hán-Nôm : vũ • Hán-Nôm : võ
|
|
|疵
|耍
|-
|-
|疽
|耘
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi¹
|Related to Tibetan ཡུར་མ (yur ma, “weeding”), Kurtöp [script needed] (wer, “to weed”) (Schuessler, 2007, 2024).
|(traditional Chinese medicine) ulcer; carbuncle; abscess
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄣˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ûn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : în • Middle-Chinese : hjun
|to weed
|
|
|weed
|耘 • (un) · 耘 • (un) (hangeul 운, revised un, McCune–Reischauer un, Yale wun)
|
|
|疽 • (jeo) · 疽 • (jeo) (hangeul 저, revised jeo, McCune–Reischauer chŏ, Yale ce)
|
|
|
|
|疽
|耘
|-
|-
|痔
|耙
|Cantonese · Jyutping : zi⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tī
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *braːs) : semantic 耒 (“plow”) + phonetic 巴 (OC *praː) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *braːs) : semantic 耒 (“plow”) + phonetic 巴 (OC *praː)
|hemorrhoid
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baa³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pēe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pâ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paa⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pêe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phâ
| ‖ 痔(じ) • (ji) ^(←ぢ (di)?)
|harrow • to draw a harrow over (a field); to harrow ‖ rake • to make smooth with a rake; to rake
|illness in the anal region ‖ (pathology) hemorrhoids, piles
|痔 • (chi) · 痔 • (chi) (hangeul 치, revised chi, McCune–Reischauer ch'i, Yale chi)
|
|
|
|
|痔
|耙 (eumhun 써레 파 (sseore pa))
|hanja form of 파 (“harrow; rake”)
|canonical : 耙: Hán Việt readings: bá • canonical : bà • canonical : bả 耙: Nôm readings: bừa • canonical : bá • canonical : bồ
|Nôm form of bừa (“harrow; rake”).
|耙
|-
|-
|痙
|耶
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ging⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kīng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kǐng
|Corruption of 邪 (OC *ljaː, *laː). \ ; question particle ‖  ‖ Possibly influenced by English yeah. Same as 吔 (yē).
|convulsions, fits
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : je⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iâ • Middle-Chinese : yae ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : je⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iâ • Middle-Chinese : yae ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝˋ
|Alternative form of 爺／爷 (yé, “father”) • Particle indicating a questioning tone. ‖ Used in transcription. ‖ yeah; hurray (interjection expressing joy) • (chiefly Internet slang) particle expressing joy or surprise
|
|
|have a cramp
|interrogative particle • used phonetically
|痙 • (gyeong) · 痙 • (gyeong) (hangeul 경, revised gyeong, McCune–Reischauer kyŏng, Yale kyeng)
|耶 • (ya) · 耶 • (ya) (hangeul 야, revised ya, McCune–Reischauer ya, Yale ya)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : da • Hán-Nôm : gia
|
|
|痙
|耶
|-
|-
|痞
|耽
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei² • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phí ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mau¹
|enlargement or lump in the abdomen; in particular, splenomegaly or hepatomegaly • (traditional Chinese medicine) stuffiness, fullness and discomfort in the epigastrium; dyspepsia or constipation • (dialectal Mandarin) abdominal tumour • (Eastern Min, Southern Min) scab; healed wound • (Southern Min) scurf; flakes on the skin surface ‖ rascal; scoundrel • (dialectal) to act perversely; to behave like a hoodlum • (dialectal) to act shamelessly; to violate rules • (dialectal) frivolous; slippery • (dialectal) obscene; indecent; vulgar • (dialectal) ferocious; fierce • (dialectal) bad; evil
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : daam¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tam • Middle-Chinese : tom • Middle-Chinese : tomX
|to delay; to indulge • negligent
|
|
|痞 • (bi) · 痞 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi, Yale pi)
|
|
|耽 • (tam, dam) · 耽 • (tam, dam) (hangeul 탐, 담, revised tam, dam, McCune–Reischauer t'am, tam, Yale tham, tam)
|
|
|痞
|Hán-Nôm : đam • Hán-Nôm : xẩm • Hán-Nôm : đắm
|
|耽
|-
|-
|痣
|耿
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kì
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kreːŋʔ) : abbreviated phonetic 烓 (OC *qʷeː, *kʰʷeːŋʔ) + semantic 耳. Alternatively phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kreːŋʔ) : abbreviated phonetic 聖 (OC *hljeŋs) + semantic 火.
|colored spot on skin; mole; nevus • a surname
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄥˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kíng • Middle-Chinese : keangX
| ‖ 痣(あざ) • (aza)
|(literary) bright; shining • (literary) honest and just; upright • uneasy; disturbed • sad; sorrowful • a surname
|birthmark, nevus • bruise ‖ bruise, birthmark
|痣 • (ji) · 痣 • (ji) (hangeul 지)
|
|
|light
|耿 • (gyeong) · 耿 • (gyeong) (hangeul 경, revised gyeong, McCune–Reischauer kyŏng, Yale kyeng)
|bright • shining • have guts
|Hán-Nôm : cảnh • Hán-Nôm : kẻng • Hán-Nôm : khệnh • Hán-Nôm : kỉnh
|
|
|痣
|耿
|-
|-
|痱
|聆
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fai⁶⁻² • Cantonese · Jyutping : fai⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fei⁶⁻² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huì
|prickly heat
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Middle-Chinese : leng
|(literary) to listen carefully • (literary) to fully understand
|
|
|listening • realizing
|聆 • (ryeong>yeong) · 聆 • (ryeong>yeong) (hangeul 령>영, revised ryeong>yeong, McCune–Reischauer ryŏng>yŏng, Yale leyng>eyng)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|痱
|聆
|-
|-
|痺
|聊
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pì
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *m·rɯːw) : semantic 耳 (“ear”) + phonetic 卯 (OC *mruːʔ).
|paralysis; numbness • (Cantonese) numb; paralysed
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâu • Middle-Chinese : lew
|to chat • (formal) to rely on • (literary, or in compounds) somewhat; slightly; at least • (literary, or in compounds) for the time being; tentatively
|
|
|slightly
|聊 • (ryo, yo) · 聊 • (ryo, yo) (hangeul 료, 요)
|somewhat • slightly, at least
|Hán-Nôm : liêu
|
|
|痺 • (bi) · 痺 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi, Yale pi)
|聊
|
|paralysis; numbness
|痺
|-
|-
|痿
|聚
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai² • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uí
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zloʔ, *zlos) : phonetic 取 (OC *sʰloːʔ, *sʰloʔ) + semantic 乑 (“three men”).
|(traditional Chinese medicine) to be lacking in sexual energies
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsǔ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsī • Middle-Chinese : dzjuX • Middle-Chinese : dzjuH
|to gather; to congregate; to assemble • to gather; to congregate; to assemble · (specifically, informal) to meet up; to hang out • (literary, or in compounds) to pile up; to heap up • (literary, or in compounds) to levy; to collect; to impose • (literary, or in compounds) to extort; to plunder; to expropriate; to fleece • (literary, or in compounds) village; hamlet • (literary) crowd; drove (of people) • (literary) savings (money set aside for the future) • (chemistry) poly- • 59th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "massing" (𝍀) • a surname: Ju
|
|
|
|
|痿 • (wi) · 痿 • (wi) (hangeul 위, revised wi, McCune–Reischauer wi, Yale wi)
|聚 • (chwi) · 聚 • (chwi) (hangeul 취, revised chwi, McCune–Reischauer ch'wi, Yale chwi)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tụ • Hán-Nôm : sụ • Hán-Nôm : tọ • Hán-Nôm : xụ • Hán-Nôm : xủ
|
|
|痿
|聚
|-
|-
|瘀
|聯
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu³ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu²
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 耳 (“ear”) + 絲 (“silk”). \ According to Duan Yucai, 聯 and 連／连 are two characters for a same word, with the former used in the Zhou dynasty and the latter in the Han dynasty. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-rjan (“equal; to place in a row; to align; row”); related to 連 (OC *ren) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007).
|bruise • bruised ‖ (Cantonese) embarrassing
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : biân • Middle-Chinese : ljen
|to connect; to join • to associate; to ally • (literary or dialectal) to sew; to stitch • couplet
|
|Alternative form of 連
|聯 (eumhun 잇달 련 (itdal ryeon), word-initial (South Korea) 잇달 연 (itdal yeon))
|hanja form of 련/연 (“connect, join”) • hanja form of 련/연 (“associate, ally”)
|Hán-Nôm : liên • Hán-Nôm : lén • Hán-Nôm : lẻn • Hán-Nôm : liền • Hán-Nôm : liễn
|
|
|聯
|-
|聰
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰloːŋ) : semantic 耳 (“ear”) + phonetic 悤 ().
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshang • Middle-Chinese : tshuwng
|quick at hearing • hearing; sense of hearing • intelligent; clever; bright • satoshi (bitcoin unit)
|
|
|瘀 • (eo) · 瘀 • (eo) (hangeul 어, revised eo, McCune–Reischauer ŏ, Yale e)
|wise, intelligent
|聰 • (chong) · 聰 • (chong) (hangeul 총, revised chong, McCune–Reischauer ch'ong, Yale chong)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : thông
|
|
|瘀
|聰
|-
|-
|瘁
|聲
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi⁶
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰjeŋ) : phonetic 殸 (OC *kʰreːŋ, *kʰeːŋs) + semantic 耳 (“ear”).
|overworked; tired; exhausted • troubled; distressed • haggard; weak
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siann • Middle-Chinese : syeng
|sound; noise; voice (Classifier: 把 c) • (literary) music • (literary) words; speech • (literary) to make a sound; to sound • reputation • news; messages • tone • to declare; to state • Classifier for sounds. • (Cantonese) Suffix used to form adjectives with onomatopoeia. • (Cantonese) Suffix used after large numerals to express the magnitude of a number. • (Cantonese, chiefly in the negative) to make a sound • (Cantonese) something that is said (Classifier: 句 c; 粒 c) • (Chinese phonetics) initial
| ‖ 聲(こえ) • (koe) ^(←こゑ (kowe)?)
|voice ‖ Kyūjitai form of 声: voice
|聲 (eumhun 소리 성 (sori seong))
|hanja form of 성 (“voice, sound”)
|canonical : 聲: Hán Việt readings: thanh 聲: Nôm readings: thanh • canonical : thênh • canonical : thiêng • canonical : thinh • canonical : xênh
|chữ Hán form of thanh (“linguistic tone, sound, voice”). • Nôm form of thinh (“silent”). • Nôm form of thiêng (“sacred”).
|聲
|-
|聽
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰeːŋ, *l̥ʰeːŋs) : phonetic 𡈼 (OC *l̥ʰeːŋʔ) + semantic 耳 (“ear”) + semantic 㥁. \ Originally ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 耳 (“ear”) + 口 (“mouth(s)”) – to listen. Compare 聖. \ This is traditionally considered to have the same origin as 聖 (OC *hljeŋs, “to hear; wise; sage”) and 聲 (OC *qʰjeŋ, “sound”). Additionally, it may be also related to 聆 (OC *reːŋ, “to hear; to listen”) (Wang, 1982). \ Outside connections unclear, although note Proto-Hlai *hliːŋ (“to hear (it said)”) from Pre-Hlai *(h)leːŋ (Norquest, 2007). \ Derivatives: \ * 廳 (OC *l̥ʰeːŋ, “hall, i.e. where hearings take place”) \ * 廷 (OC *l'eːŋ, *l'eːŋʔ, “palace courtyard”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰeːŋ, *l̥ʰeːŋs) : phonetic 𡈼 (OC *l̥ʰeːŋʔ) + semantic 耳 (“ear”) + semantic 㥁. \ Originally ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 耳 (“ear”) + 口 (“mouth(s)”) – to listen. Compare 聖. \ This is traditionally considered to have the same origin as 聖 (OC *hljeŋs, “to hear; wise; sage”) and 聲 (OC *qʰjeŋ, “sound”). Additionally, it may be also related to 聆 (OC *reːŋ, “to hear; to listen”) (Wang, 1982). \ Outside connections unclear, although note Proto-Hlai *hliːŋ (“to hear (it said)”) from Pre-Hlai *(h)leːŋ (Norquest, 2007). \ Derivatives: \ * 廳 (OC *l̥ʰeːŋ, “hall, i.e. where hearings take place”) \ * 廷 (OC *l'eːŋ, *l'eːŋʔ, “palace courtyard”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰeːŋ, *l̥ʰeːŋs) : phonetic 𡈼 (OC *l̥ʰeːŋʔ) + semantic 耳 (“ear”) + semantic 㥁. \ Originally ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 耳 (“ear”) + 口 (“mouth(s)”) – to listen. Compare 聖. \ This is traditionally considered to have the same origin as 聖 (OC *hljeŋs, “to hear; wise; sage”) and 聲 (OC *qʰjeŋ, “sound”). Additionally, it may be also related to 聆 (OC *reːŋ, “to hear; to listen”) (Wang, 1982). \ Outside connections unclear, although note Proto-Hlai *hliːŋ (“to hear (it said)”) from Pre-Hlai *(h)leːŋ (Norquest, 2007). \ Derivatives: \ * 廳 (OC *l̥ʰeːŋ, “hall, i.e. where hearings take place”) \ * 廷 (OC *l'eːŋ, *l'eːŋʔ, “palace courtyard”). ‖ From English tin. ‖ See 聽日／听日 (ting¹ jat⁶).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiann • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thìng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thing • Middle-Chinese : theng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ting³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thìng • Middle-Chinese : thengH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄥˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄥ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : ting¹
|to listen; to hear; to listen to (radio, etc.) • to obey; to heed • to allow; to let • Alternative form of 廳／厅 (tīng, “hall”) • (Shanghainese, slang) a thousand of a currency denomination • (Wenzhounese) to smell • (Cantonese) to pick up the phone ‖ to handle (matters of state); to administer • to adjudicate • to allow • (Cantonese) to wait a little • (Cantonese) to wait for something inevitable to happen ‖ (mahjong) to need (one or more particular tiles) to complete a hand to win ‖ can; tin • Classifier for canned drinks. ‖ (Cantonese) tomorrow
|
|
|to listen; to hear • to allow
|聽 (eumhun 들을 청 (deureul cheong))
|Hanja form of 청 (“to listen”).
|Hán-Nôm : thính • Hán-Nôm : xính
|
|
|瘁 • (chwi) · 瘁 • (chwi) (hangeul 취, revised chwi, McCune–Reischauer ch'wi, Yale chwi)
|聽
|
|
|瘁
|-
|-
|瘉
|肅
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 𦘒 + 𣶒.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : suk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sok • Middle-Chinese : sjuwk
|respectful • solemn • to rectify; to tighten; to strengthen • to eliminate • a surname
|
|
|
|
|肅 • (suk) · 肅 • (suk) (hangeul 숙, revised suk, McCune–Reischauer suk, Yale swuk)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : túc
|
|
|瘉 • (yu) · 瘉 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu, Yale yu)
|肅
|-
|肆
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hljɯds) : semantic 镸 + phonetic 隶 (OC *lɯds). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sù • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sìr • Middle-Chinese : sijH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sù • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sìr
|(literary, or in compounds) impudent; undisciplined • (literary, or in compounds) shop; store; stall ‖ (financial) Alternative form of 四 (“four”) (used in official documents or checks to avoid forgery)
| ‖ 肆(いちくら) or 肆(いちぐら) • (ichikura or ichigura)
|(financial, archaic) four • shop or store • selfish, self-indulgent ‖
|肆 (eum 사 (sa))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tứ
|
|
|瘉
|肆
|-
|-
|瘋
|肇
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hong
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *dawʔ) : phonetic 肁 (OC *dawʔ) + semantic 攵 (“hand action”)
|to go crazy; to become insane; to go mad • to play wilfully; to engage in wild play • mentally unstable; crazy; insane; mad • overgrown
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiǎu • Middle-Chinese : drjewX
|(literary) to commence; to start; to begin • (literary) to cause • Short for 肇慶／肇庆 (Zhàoqìng, “Zhaoqing”).
| ‖ 肇(はじめ) • (Hajime)
|begin, start ‖ a male given name
|肇 • (jo) · 肇 • (jo) (hangeul 조, McCune–Reischauer cho, Yale co)
|
|
|Crazy • Fast • Wild
|瘋 • (pung) · 瘋 • (pung) (hangeul 풍, revised pung, McCune–Reischauer p'ung, Yale phung)
|
|
|
|
|瘋
|肇
|-
|-
|瘓
|肋
|Cantonese · Jyutping : wun⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huàn
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯːɡ) : phonetic 力 (OC *rɯɡ) + semantic 肉 (“meat; body part”) ‖
|Only used in 癱瘓／瘫痪 (tānhuàn).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lak⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laak⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : li̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liak • Middle-Chinese : lok ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄜ
|
|rib ‖ Only used in 肋脦 (lēte).
| ‖ 肋(あばら) • (abara) ‖ 肋(ばら) or 肋(バラ) • (bara)
|rib ‖ short for 肋骨 (abarabone): rib (body part) ‖ short for 肋肉 (baraniku): rib (meat, generally beef or pork)
|肋 (eumhun 갈비 륵 (galbi reuk), word-initial (South Korea) 갈비 늑 (galbi neuk))
|hanja form of 륵/늑 (“rib”)
|Hán-Nôm : lặc
|
|
|肋
|-
|肚
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔl'aːʔ, *l'aːʔ) : semantic ⺼ + phonetic 土 (OC *l̥ʰaːʔ, *l'aːʔ). \ A post-classical word. Compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *l-tjwa (“mouth; beak; food; stomach”), whence Tibetan ལྟོ་བ (lto ba, “stomach; belly”) (STEDT). Compare also Proto-Tai *dwuːŋꟲ (“belly”) (whence Thai ท้อง (tɔ́ɔng)) and Proto-Kam-Sui *luŋ² (“stomach”), as Middle Chinese shangsheng corresponds to foreign -ŋ in some words (Schuessler, 2007). \ Some dialects have different pronunciations for the two senses, "abdomen; belly (of a human)" and "stomach (of an animal)", derived from two different readings in Middle Chinese that differed in the voicing of the initial consonant. \ * In Mandarin, the pronunciation for the former sense derives from the 徒古切 reading in Middle Chinese (i.e. the reading with voiced initial /d/) and the pronunciation for the latter sense derives from the 當古切 (i.e. the reading with voiceless initial /t/) reading. \ * In Min Nan, the pronunciation for the former sense derives from the 當古切 reading and the pronunciation for latter sense derives from the 徒古切 reading. \ * Cantonese uses the same pronunciation for both senses, derived from the 徒古切 reading. \ * Hakka also uses the same pronunciation for both senses, but it is instead derived from the 當古切 reading. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔl'aːʔ, *l'aːʔ) : semantic ⺼ + phonetic 土 (OC *l̥ʰaːʔ, *l'aːʔ). \ A post-classical word. Compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *l-tjwa (“mouth; beak; food; stomach”), whence Tibetan ལྟོ་བ (lto ba, “stomach; belly”) (STEDT). Compare also Proto-Tai *dwuːŋꟲ (“belly”) (whence Thai ท้อง (tɔ́ɔng)) and Proto-Kam-Sui *luŋ² (“stomach”), as Middle Chinese shangsheng corresponds to foreign -ŋ in some words (Schuessler, 2007). \ Some dialects have different pronunciations for the two senses, "abdomen; belly (of a human)" and "stomach (of an animal)", derived from two different readings in Middle Chinese that differed in the voicing of the initial consonant. \ * In Mandarin, the pronunciation for the former sense derives from the 徒古切 reading in Middle Chinese (i.e. the reading with voiced initial /d/) and the pronunciation for the latter sense derives from the 當古切 (i.e. the reading with voiceless initial /t/) reading. \ * In Min Nan, the pronunciation for the former sense derives from the 當古切 reading and the pronunciation for latter sense derives from the 徒古切 reading. \ * Cantonese uses the same pronunciation for both senses, derived from the 徒古切 reading. \ * Hakka also uses the same pronunciation for both senses, but it is instead derived from the 當古切 reading.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǒo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tōo • Middle-Chinese : duX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨˇㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tóo • Middle-Chinese : tuX
|belly; abdomen; bowels • bulge; protrusion • (Southern Min, Eastern Min) tripe; animal stomach (as food) • heart; mind ‖ (obsolete or Southern Min) belly; abdomen • tripe; animal stomach (as food) • (Southern Min) bulge; protrusion
| ‖ 肚(と) • (to)
| ‖ abdomen, belly
|肚 • (du) · 肚 • (du) (hangeul 두, revised du, McCune–Reischauer tu, Yale twu)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : đỗ
|
|
|肚
|-
|肛
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kroːŋ, *qʰroːŋ) : semantic 肉 (“flesh; body”) + phonetic 工 (OC *koːŋ). \ Unclear. A relatively late word, not attested until the Middle Chinese period. \ Schuessler (2007) suggests that it may be related to Tibetan གཞང (gzhang, “anus”), but the vowels pose a problem in phonological correspondence (STEDT). \ It may be in the same family as 空 (OC *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs, “empty; hollow”) and 孔 (OC *kʰloːŋʔ, “hole”), which both are derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)uŋ (“hole; orifice”), but STEDT suggests that Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k(w)a(ŋ/k) (“waist; hips; buttocks; tail; back”) may be a better etymon. ‖
|Cantonese · Jyutping : gong¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄤ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kàng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kāng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄤ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄤ • Middle-Chinese : kaewng • Middle-Chinese : xaewng
|anus • (neologism, slang) to have anal sex; to anal ‖ (obsolete, rare) to be swollen
|
|
|瘓
|anus • to swell
|肛 (eumhun 항문 항 (hangmun hang))
|hanja form of 항 (“anus”)
|canonical : 肛: Hán Việt readings: giang • canonical : xoang • canonical : khang • canonical : soang • canonical : cương 肛: Nôm readings: giang • canonical : dom
|chữ Hán form of giang (“anus”). • Nôm form of dom (“anus”).
|肛
|-
|-
|瘠
|肴
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zik³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zek³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zik⁶
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢraːw) : phonetic 爻 (OC *ɢraːw) + semantic ⺼ (“meat”) – meat dishes. \ Current form resembles 乂 + 有 – the lower 乂 of 爻 has moved to the side and down.
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngaau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngâu • Middle-Chinese : haew
|prepared meat
| ‖ 肴(さかな) • (sakana) ‖ 肴(な) • (na)
| ‖ fish • a side dish served with alcoholic beverages: not necessarily fish, may be a vegetable or other meat • entertainment at a drinking party ‖ a side dish, be it meat or fish or greens
|肴 • (hyo) · 肴 • (hyo) (hangeul 효, revised hyo, McCune–Reischauer hyo, Yale hyo)
|
|
|lean, thin • barren, sterile
|瘠 • (cheok) · 瘠 • (cheok) (hangeul 척, revised cheok, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏk, Yale chek)
|
|
|
|
|瘠
|肴
|-
|-
|瘡
|胖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshong
|Characters in the same phonetic series (半) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰaːns) : semantic 肉 + phonetic 半 (OC *paːns). \ According to STEDT, possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-bʷam ~ s-bʷap. ‖
|wound; cut • sore; skin ulcer; boil
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bun⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pun³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phàng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pun⁴
| ‖ 瘡(かさ) • (kasa)
|(of a person) fat ‖ comfortable; at ease
|sore ‖ sore
| ‖ 胖(ゆたか) • (Yutaka)
|瘡 • (chang) · 瘡 • (chang) (hangeul 창, revised chang, McCune–Reischauer ch'ang, Yale chang)
|fat, plump • abundant ‖ a male given name
|胖 • (ban) · 胖 • (ban) (hangeul 반, revised ban, McCune–Reischauer pan, Yale pan)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : bàn • Hán-Nôm : bỡn • Hán-Nôm : ban • Hán-Nôm : béo • Hán-Nôm : phạng • Hán-Nôm : phàng • Hán-Nôm : pháng
|
|
|瘡
|胖
|-
|-
|瘧
|胚
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄩㄝˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joek⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lio̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gio̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gia̍k
|(medicine) ague; malaria; intermittent fever and shivering • Alternative form of 虐 (nüè, “abuse; to be abused”)
|
|
|(pathology) malaria
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pui¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bui¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phue • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pher • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phi
|瘧 • (hak) · 瘧 • (hak) (hangeul 학, revised hak, McCune–Reischauer hak, Yale hak)
|embryo • unfinished things
| ‖ 胚(はい) • (hai)
|embryo ‖ embryo
|胚 (eum 배 (bae))
|embryo
|Hán-Nôm : phôi • Hán-Nôm : phui
|embryo
|胚
|-
|胰
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : î • Middle-Chinese : yij
|(anatomy) pancreas • (dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Hakka, Jin) soap
|
|
|瘧
|-
|瘴
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiàng
|miasma; noxious vapours arising from a swamp
|
|
|Miasma, toxic air or gasses.
|瘴 • (jang) · 瘴 • (jang) (hangeul 장, revised jang, McCune–Reischauer chang, Yale cang)
|
|
|
|
|瘴
|-
|癆
|Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄠˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lô ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄠˋ
|(traditional Chinese medicine) internal injury caused by overstraining • tuberculosis; pulmonary tuberculosis • (Southwestern Mandarin, dialectal Gan) to have an upset stomach because of the lack of fats in one's diet; to crave meat • (Xiang, of plants) to wither (in the sun) • (Xiang, of a person) to be dispirited; depressed ‖ (ancient Northern Yan and Joseon region) to be poisoned (by medication) • (Jianghuai and Southwestern Mandarin, Gan, Xiang, transitive) to poison • painful
|
|
|
|
|癆 • (ro>no) · 癆 • (ro>no) (hangeul 로>노, revised ro>no, McCune–Reischauer ro>no, Yale lo>no)
|胰
|-
|胳
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *klaːɡ) : semantic 肉 (“flesh”) + phonetic 各 (OC *klaːɡ). \ Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *lak ~ *C-jak (“arm; hand; wing”). Sagart (1999) considers it to be a prefixed form of a root *lak, found unprefixed as 亦 (OC *ᵇlak, “armpit”) and with a loosely attached prefix as *ᵃkə-lak, preserved in some southern varieties, such as Cantonese 胳肋底 (gaak3 laak6-1 dai2), Eastern Min 胳腋下 (gó̤k-lŏ̤k-â). In the new reconstruction by Baxter and Sagart (2014), the connection to 亦 (OC *[ɢ](r)Ak) is still implied (cf. Sagart, 2007), but the comparison to the forms in the southern varieties no longer holds (Hill, 2019). Zhang, Jacques and Lai (2019) compare it with Tibetan ལག (lag, “arm”), Japhug tɯ-jaʁ (“arm”) and suggest that the comparisons are more compatible with an Old Chinese reconstruction such as *klˁak. \ Alternatively, Schuessler (2007) reconstructs the Old Chinese minimally as *kâk < *klak and posits an Austroasiatic origin, comparing it to Proto-Monic *knlak (“popliteal space; armpit”), Khmer ក្លៀក (kliək, “armpit”), both from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kʔik ~ *kʔiək ~ *kʔaik (“armpit”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *klaːɡ) : semantic 肉 (“flesh”) + phonetic 各 (OC *klaːɡ). \ Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *lak ~ *C-jak (“arm; hand; wing”). Sagart (1999) considers it to be a prefixed form of a root *lak, found unprefixed as 亦 (OC *ᵇlak, “armpit”) and with a loosely attached prefix as *ᵃkə-lak, preserved in some southern varieties, such as Cantonese 胳肋底 (gaak3 laak6-1 dai2), Eastern Min 胳腋下 (gó̤k-lŏ̤k-â). In the new reconstruction by Baxter and Sagart (2014), the connection to 亦 (OC *[ɢ](r)Ak) is still implied (cf. Sagart, 2007), but the comparison to the forms in the southern varieties no longer holds (Hill, 2019). Zhang, Jacques and Lai (2019) compare it with Tibetan ལག (lag, “arm”), Japhug tɯ-jaʁ (“arm”) and suggest that the comparisons are more compatible with an Old Chinese reconstruction such as *klˁak. \ Alternatively, Schuessler (2007) reconstructs the Old Chinese minimally as *kâk < *klak and posits an Austroasiatic origin, comparing it to Proto-Monic *knlak (“popliteal space; armpit”), Khmer ក្លៀក (kliək, “armpit”), both from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kʔik ~ *kʔiək ~ *kʔaik (“armpit”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *klaːɡ) : semantic 肉 (“flesh”) + phonetic 各 (OC *klaːɡ). \ Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *lak ~ *C-jak (“arm; hand; wing”). Sagart (1999) considers it to be a prefixed form of a root *lak, found unprefixed as 亦 (OC *ᵇlak, “armpit”) and with a loosely attached prefix as *ᵃkə-lak, preserved in some southern varieties, such as Cantonese 胳肋底 (gaak3 laak6-1 dai2), Eastern Min 胳腋下 (gó̤k-lŏ̤k-â). In the new reconstruction by Baxter and Sagart (2014), the connection to 亦 (OC *[ɢ](r)Ak) is still implied (cf. Sagart, 2007), but the comparison to the forms in the southern varieties no longer holds (Hill, 2019). Zhang, Jacques and Lai (2019) compare it with Tibetan ལག (lag, “arm”), Japhug tɯ-jaʁ (“arm”) and suggest that the comparisons are more compatible with an Old Chinese reconstruction such as *klˁak. \ Alternatively, Schuessler (2007) reconstructs the Old Chinese minimally as *kâk < *klak and posits an Austroasiatic origin, comparing it to Proto-Monic *knlak (“popliteal space; armpit”), Khmer ក្លៀក (kliək, “armpit”), both from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kʔik ~ *kʔiək ~ *kʔaik (“armpit”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaak³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gok³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lok³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : koh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kok • Middle-Chinese : kak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaak³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaak³
|^⁜ (anatomy) armpit • ^⁜ (anatomy) arm ‖ Only used in 胳肢 (gézhi, “to tickle”). ‖ Only used in 胳肢窩／胳肢窝 (gāzhiwō).
|
|
|armpit • arms
|
|
|癆
|-
|癘
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lai⁶
|epidemic; plague • sore; ulcer
|
|
|contagious disease • leprosy
|癘 • (ryeo>yeo) · 癘 • (ryeo>yeo) (hangeul 려>여, revised ryeo>yeo, McCune–Reischauer ryŏ>yŏ, Yale lye>ye)
|
|
|
|
|癘
|胳
|-
|-
|癡
|胴
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci¹
|Alternative form of 痴 (chī)
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dung⁶ • Middle-Chinese : duwngH
|torso; trunk • (literary) large intestine
| ‖ 胴(どう) • (dō)
| ‖ body, torso, trunk
|胴 • (dong) · 胴 • (dong) (hangeul 동, revised dong, McCune–Reischauer tong, Yale tong)
|
|
|癡 • (chi) · 癡 • (chi) (hangeul 치, revised chi, McCune–Reischauer ch'i, Yale chi)
|
|
|
|
|癡
|胴
|-
|-
|癢
|脆
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiūnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiǔnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiōnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiāunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iáng
|Originally 脃. Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰods) : semantic ⺼ (“meat”) + abbreviated phonetic 絕 (OC *zod).
|itchy; ticklish • itching to do something
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshèr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshè • Middle-Chinese : tshjwejH
|brittle; fragile • (of food) crisp; crispy • (of voices) clear; crisp • (of speech or action) neat; quick; concise
|
|
|itchy
|brittle • fragile • easy to beat • sentimental • susceptible
|癢 • (yang) · 癢 • (yang) (hangeul 양, revised yang, McCune–Reischauer yang, Yale yang)
|脆 (eumhun 연(軟)할 취 (yeonhal chwi))
|crisp • fragile, frail • brittle
|Hán-Nôm : thúy • Hán-Nôm : thuý
|
|
|
|脆
|癢
|-
|-
|癥
|脖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zing¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ting
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bɯːd) : semantic ⺼ (“flesh”) + phonetic 孛 (OC *bɯːds, *bɯːd). \ Attested since the Yuan dynasty. Zhengzhang (2002) proposes that it comes from 襮 (OC *poːwɢ, “embroidered collar”). Sheng (2010) points out that it is unlikely because of the rare literary usage of 襮 in the literature compared to the explosive vernacular usage of 脖 since the Yuan dynasty; he instead proposes that it may be from Proto-Turkic *bōyn (“neck”), but also see Wang (2016) and Sun and Du (2022) for some difficulties with the Turkic hypothesis. ‖ Benedict (1979) relates this word to Tibetan དབུས (dbus, “middle; centre”). Alternatively, Schuessler (2007) relates this word to Proto-Monic *p[r/m]nus (“navel”).
|(traditional Chinese medicine) lump in the abdomen • (traditional Chinese medicine) abdominal tumor; bowel obstruction
|Cantonese · Jyutping : but⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pu̍t ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : but⁶ • Middle-Chinese : bwot
|neck ‖ Used in words meaning “navel”.
|
|
|
|
|癥 • (jing) · 癥 • (jing) (hangeul 징, revised jing, McCune–Reischauer ching, Yale cing)
|脖 • (bal) · 脖 • (bal) (hangeul 발, revised bal, McCune–Reischauer pal, Yale pal)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : bột • Hán-Nôm : bộp
|
|
|癥
|脖
|-
|-
|癩
|脚
|Cantonese · Jyutping : laai⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laai³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laat⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄞˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lāi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thái
|Variant of 腳.
|leprosy • (regional) favus, especially of the scalp • coarse; uneven; rough
| ‖ 癩(らい) • (rai)
|leprosy ‖ (dated, derogatory) leprosy
|癩 • (ra>na) · 癩 • (ra>na) (hangeul 라>나, revised ra>na, McCune–Reischauer ra>na, Yale la>na)
|Hanja form of 나 (“leprosy”).
|
|
|癩
|
| ‖ 脚(あし) • (ashi) ‖ 脚(きゃく) • (-kyaku) ‖ 脚(きゃく) • (-kyaku)
| ‖ Alternative spelling of 足 (“foot; leg”) ‖ counter for desks, chairs, long-stemmed glasses ‖ (martial arts) used in the names of moves that involve kicking
|脚 (eumhun 다리 각 (dari gak))
|hanja form of 각 (“base; leg; foundation”) [affix]
|
|
|脚
|-
|-
|癬
|脣
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄢˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sián • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuánn
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɦljun) : phonetic 辰 (OC *djɯn) + semantic 肉 (“flesh”). \ Original meaning was apparently “edge”. Related to 漘 (OC *ɦljun, “bank of a river”), 宸 (OC *djɯn, “eave (i.e. edge of a roof)”) and 胗 (OC *kljɯnʔ, *klɯnʔ, “ulcer of the lip”) (Wang, 1982). \ Further etymology is not clear. The various theories are: \ * Schuessler (2007): Related to Lepcha ᰣᰌᰫᰯ (a-dul, “lips”) < root ᰌᰫᰯ (dul) (STEDT derives this from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-ts(j)ul (“lip; beak”)). \ * Benedict (1972): Related to Tibetan མཆུ (mchu, “lips; beak of a bird”) (derived from the same Sino-Tibetan etymon in STEDT).
|(dermatology, pathology) ringworm; tinea
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄣˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tûn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sûn • Middle-Chinese : zywin
|(anatomy) lip • (figurative) lip-shaped thing • (literary or Hakka, Southern Min) side; edge
|
|
|１．Ringworm
|癬 • (seon) · 癬 • (seon) (hangeul 선, revised seon, McCune–Reischauer sŏn, Yale sen)
|
|
|脣 (eumhun 입술 순 (ipsul sun))
|hanja form of 순 (“lip”)
|romanization : thần
|
|
|癬
|脣
|-
|-
|癮
|脯
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ún • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ín ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : giàn
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *baː, *paʔ) : semantic ⺼ + phonetic 甫 (OC *paʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *baː, *paʔ) : semantic ⺼ + phonetic 甫 (OC *paʔ).
|addiction; craving (Classifier: 鋪／铺 c) • (dialectal) to like (doing something) • (dialectal) to crave; to be addicted to ‖ (Eastern Min, Southern Min) addiction; craving • (Eastern Min, Southern Min) to like (doing something) • (Eastern Min, Southern Min) to crave; to be addicted to • (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to have a tendency to; to easily do something • (Taiwanese Hokkien) stupid; foolish • (Taiwanese Hokkien, often in the negative) willing • (Taiwanese Hokkien) skinny; lean
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phôo • Middle-Chinese : pjuX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : pou² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : póo • Middle-Chinese : pjuX
|chest; breast ‖ dried meat • sun-dried candied fruit; preserved fruit
|
|
|
|
|癮 (eum 은 (eun))
|脯 (eumhun 포 포 (po po))
|hanja form of 포 (“dried meat”)
|
|
|
|
|癮
|脯
|-
|-
|癱
|脱
|Cantonese · Jyutping : taan² • Cantonese · Jyutping : taan¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : than • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuann
|paralysis; palsy; numbness
|
|
|
|
|癱 • (tan) · 癱 • (tan) (hangeul 탄, revised tan, McCune–Reischauer t'an, Yale than)
|
|
| ‖ 脱(だつ) • (datsu-)
| ‖ de- (undoing of something)
|
|
|癱
|
|canonical : 脱: Hán Việt readings: thoát 脱: Nôm readings: thoắt • canonical : thoát • canonical : thoạt • canonical : thót
|chữ Hán form of thoát (“to escape; to exit”). • Nôm form of thoắt.
|脱
|-
|-
|癲
|脾
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : din¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tian
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *be) : semantic ⺼ (“organ”) + phonetic 卑 (OC *pe). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-paj (“spleen”) (STEDT).
|crazy; nuts; mad • (Cantonese) to be mad; to display insane behavior
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phî • Middle-Chinese : bjie
|(～臟) (traditional Chinese medicine) a functionally defined organ of the digestive system, corresponding largely to the anatomical organ of the pancreas • (～臟) (Western medicine, anatomy) spleen • (figurative) disposition; liking; temperament
| ‖ 脾(よこし) • (yokoshi)
| ‖ (anatomy) spleen
|脾 (eumhun 지라 비 (jira bi))
|hanja form of 비 (“spleen”)
|Hán-Nôm : tì • Hán-Nôm : tỳ
|
|
|to collapse due to a mental disorder or a nervous disorder • epilepsy
|脾
|癲 • (jeon) · 癲 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen)
|-
|腋
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *laːɡ) : semantic 肉 (“flesh”) + phonetic 夜 (OC *laːɡs). \ Originally written 亦, see there for more. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *lak ~ *C-jak (“arm; hand; wing”), either via *jak (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007) or *lak (Shi, 2000; Handel, 2009). Compare Mizo zak (“armpit”), Tibetan ལག་པ (lag pa, “arm; hand”), Burmese လက် (lak, “arm; hand”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : i̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia̍k • Middle-Chinese : yek
|armpit; underarm; axilla • (botany) axil • Alternative form of 掖 (“to help; to assist”)
|
|
|
|armpit, underarm, axilla
|癲
|腋 (eumhun 겨드랑이 액 (gyeodeurang'i aek))
|hanja form of 액 (“armpit”)
|Hán-Nôm : dạ • Hán-Nôm : dịch • Hán-Nôm : nách • Hán-Nôm : nịch
|Nôm form of nách (“armpit”).
|腋
|-
|腎
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡjinʔ) : phonetic 臤 (OC *kʰaːn, *kʰriːn, *ɡiːn, *kʰins) + semantic ⺼ (“meat; flesh”) – a body part, the kidneys. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-k(j)un (“kidney”). Cognate with Burmese ကုန်း (kun:, “back”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄣˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sīn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siǎn • Middle-Chinese : dzyinX
|(anatomy) kidney • (traditional Chinese medicine) testicle • (Cantonese) gizzard • (Hong Kong Cantonese, Internet slang, humorous) Deliberate misspelling of 賢／贤 (xián).
| ‖ 腎(むらと) • (murato) ‖ 腎(むらど) • (murado)
| ‖ (obsolete) kidney ‖ (obsolete) kidney
|腎 (eumhun 콩팥 신 (kongpat sin))
|hanja form of 신 (“kidney”)
|Hán-Nôm : thận
|chữ Hán form of thận (“kidney”).
|腎
|-
|-
|皈
|腔
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰroːŋ) : semantic 肉 (“meat; flesh”) + phonetic 空 (OC *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs, “empty; hollow”). \ Cognate with 空 (OC *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs, “empty; hollow”) (Wang, 1982).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : hong¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄤ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄤㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khionn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiaunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khang • Middle-Chinese : khaewng
|(literary, or in compounds) cavity; hollow in body • (chiefly Chinese opera) tune; melody • (linguistics) accent of one's speech • (Chuqu Wu) speech; dialect; language • (literary, or in compounds) speech; talk
|
|
|cavity
|腔 (eumhun 속 빌 강 (sok bil gang))
|hanja form of 강 (“cavity; hollow in body”)
|Hán-Nôm : xoang • Hán-Nôm : khang • Hán-Nôm : xăng • Hán-Nôm : xang
|
|
|腔
|-
|腥
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *seːŋ, *seːŋs) : semantic 肉 (“meat; flesh”) + phonetic 星 (OC *sleːŋ)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seng¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sing¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshenn • Middle-Chinese : seng • Middle-Chinese : sengH
|fishy smell • having a fishy smell • meat; fish • (archaic) raw meat; uncooked meat
| ‖ 腥(なまぐさ) • (namagusa)
|smelly, as of raw fish or meat ‖ a smell of fish, meat, or blood • a stink, a bad smell
|腥 • (seong) · 腥 • (seong) (hangeul 성, revised seong, McCune–Reischauer sŏng, Yale seng)
|
|
|Alternative form of 帰
|Hán-Nôm : tinh • Hán-Nôm : tanh
|
|
|腥
|-
|腦
|Originally 匘, an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 匕 + 巛 (“hair”) + 囟 (“head; fontanel”). 匕 was later replaced with 肉 (“flesh”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-nəw-k. Cognate with Burmese ဦးနှောက် (u:hnauk), Nuosu ꀑꆊ (o not, “brain”), Jingpho nu' (“brain”), Drung unu (“brain; mind”), Japhug tɯrnoʁ, S'gaw Karen ခိၣ်နူာ် (khoh̀noọ, “brain”). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nou⁵ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄠˇㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : náu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ló • Middle-Chinese : nawX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄠˋ • Middle-Chinese : nawH
|(anatomy) brain (Classifier: 個／个 m c) • head • brains; mind • to smash one's head • core; central part • (in compounds) brain-like object or substance • (in compounds) essence • (Hong Kong Cantonese) Short for 電腦／电脑 (din⁶ nou⁵, “computer”). (Classifier: 部 c) ‖
|
|
|Kyūjitai form of 脳
|腦 (eumhun 머릿골 뇌 (meoritgol noe))
|hanja form of 뇌 (“brain”) [noun]
|Hán-Nôm : não ‖
| ‖ chữ Hán form of não (“brain”).
|腦
|-
|腫
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjoŋʔ) : semantic 肉 (“meat, flesh”) + phonetic 重 (OC *doŋ, *doŋʔ, *doŋs).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄥˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsíng • Middle-Chinese : tsyowngX
|to be swollen; to swell
| ‖ 腫(しゅ) • (shu) ‖ 腫(しゅ) • (-shu)
|tumor, growth; swelling ‖ tumor, growth ‖ tumor • type of cancer
|腫 (eumhun 부스럼 종 (buseureom jong))
|hanja form of 종 (“tumour”)
|Hán-Nôm : thũng • Hán-Nôm : sũng • Hán-Nôm : thõng • Hán-Nôm : thủng • Hán-Nôm : thuỗn • Hán-Nôm : sõng
|
|
|皈
|腫
|-
|-
|皎
|腮
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiáu
|white • bright, brilliant • clear
|
|
|
|皎 (eum 교 (gyo))
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄞ • Cantonese · Jyutping : soi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sai
|(anatomy) cheek • (anatomy) lower part of face; jaw • Alternative form of 鰓／鳃 (“gills of a fish”)
|
|
|
|
|皎
|-
|皚
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngoi⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngoi² • Cantonese · Jyutping : oi² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gâi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khái
|pure white; snow white
|
|
|white
|皚 • (ae) · 皚 • (ae) (hangeul 애, revised ae, McCune–Reischauer ae, Yale ya)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tai
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|
|皚
|腮
|-
|-
|皰
|腿
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phā
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *n̥ʰuːlʔ) : semantic 肉 (“flesh”) + phonetic 退 (OC *n̥ʰuːbs). \ Originally 骽 (OC *n̥ʰuːlʔ).
|blister; bleb • pimple; acne • eyelid
|Cantonese · Jyutping : teoi² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄟˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuí • Middle-Chinese : thwojX
|leg (Classifier: 條／条) • base; leg; foundation • (in compounds) ham • (Xiang) to joke
| ‖ 腿(もも) • (momo)
| ‖ a thigh • knees
|腿 (eumhun 넓적다리 퇴 (neopjeokdari toe))
|hanja form of 퇴 (“thigh”)
|Hán-Nôm : thối • Hán-Nôm : thoái • Hán-Nôm : thói • Hán-Nôm : thỗi • Hán-Nôm : thoãi
|
|
|腿
|-
|膀
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *baːŋ) : semantic 肉 (“meat; flesh”) + phonetic 旁 (OC *baːŋ). \ Probably cognate with 膊 (Schuessler, 2007). \ Alternatively, it may be related to etymology 3 since the shoulders are on two sides (Liu, 1999). ‖  ‖ Cognate with 旁 (OC *baːŋ, “side”) (Liu, 1999). ‖  ‖
|Cantonese · Jyutping : bong² • Cantonese · Jyutping : pong⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄤˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄤˇㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : póng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phōng • Middle-Chinese : bang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pong⁴ • Middle-Chinese : bang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pong¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄤˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄤˇ
|upper arm; shoulder • wing ‖ Only used in 膀胱 (pángguāng). ‖ flank; side of one's torso ‖ (chiefly Mandarin, colloquial) swollen; puffed ‖ Only used in 吊膀子 (diào bàngzi) and 膀子吊.
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|
|
|膀 (eumhun 오줌통 방 (ojumtong bang))
|hanja form of 방 (“bladder”)
|
|
|
|
|皰
|膀
|-
|-
|皴
|膊
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceon¹
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰaːɡ) : semantic 肉 (“body”) + phonetic 尃 (OC *pʰa). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *p(r)ak ~ *r-pak (“shoulder”). Cognate with 髆 (OC *paːɡ, “shoulder blade; shoulder”). Probably cognate with 膀 (bǎng, “upper arm; shoulder”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-pak (“to separate; to dismantle; to collapse”). ‖  ‖  ‖
|to be chapped • (Mandarin, colloquial) grime on one's skin
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pok ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄛˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Middle-Chinese : phak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄝˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ
| ‖ 皴(しわ) • (shiwa)
|arm; upper arm • (dialectal) shoulder • (by extension) upper body ‖ ^† to dismember • ^† sun-dried meat that is cut up ‖ ^† Alternative form of 脖 (bó, “neck”) ‖ ^† boundary; border ‖ ^‡ elder brother
| ‖ wrinkles in skin, paper, cloth, or some other surface • ripples on the surface of water • a pattern of cracks and wrinkles on the surface of an 烏帽子 (eboshi, “traditional Japanese formal black hat”) formed as the black lacquer dries
|皴 • (jun) · 皴 • (jun) (hangeul 준, revised jun, McCune–Reischauer chun, Yale cwun)
|
|
|
|
|皴
|膊 • (bak) · 膊 • (bak) (hangeul 박, revised bak, McCune–Reischauer pak, Yale pak)
|-
|皺
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsòo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiâu
|wrinkle; crease; fold • to wrinkle; to crease
| ‖ 皺(さび) • (sabi) ‖ 皺(しぼ) • (shibo) ‖ 皺(しわ) • (shiwa)
| ‖ a pattern of cracks and wrinkles on the surface of an 烏帽子 (eboshi, “traditional Japanese formal black hat”) formed as the black lacquer dries ‖ a pattern of cracks and wrinkles on the surface of an 烏帽子 (eboshi, “traditional Japanese formal black hat”) formed as the black lacquer dries • a pattern of puckers and bulges in a cloth, caused by the warp and woof of the material • a similar pattern of puckers and bulges formed on the surface of paper or leather ‖ wrinkles in skin, paper, cloth, or some other surface • ripples on the surface of water • a pattern of cracks and wrinkles on the surface of an 烏帽子 (eboshi, “traditional Japanese formal black hat”) formed as the black lacquer dries
|皺 • (chu) · 皺 • (chu) (hangeul 추, revised chu, McCune–Reischauer ch'u, Yale chwu)
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|
|
|
|皺
|-
|盂
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : û • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ôo
|broad-mouthed receptacle for holding liquids and foods • (historical) name of a hunting formation • (～縣) Yu County, Yuxian (a county of Yangquan, Shanxi, China) • a surname
| ‖
|bowl (container for foods and liquids) • Used in transliteration of Sanskrit terms. ‖
|盂 • (u) · 盂 • (u) (hangeul 우, revised u, McCune–Reischauer u, Yale wu)
|
|
|chữ Hán form of vu (“cup”). • Nôm form of vò (“jar”).
|膊
|盂
|-
|-
|盃
|膏
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːw, *kaːws) : phonetic 高 (OC *kaːw) + semantic 肉 (“meat”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːw, *kaːws) : phonetic 高 (OC *kaːw) + semantic 肉 (“meat”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gou¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ko • Hokkien · Tai-lo : koo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kō • Middle-Chinese : kaw ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gou³ • Middle-Chinese : kawH
|fat; grease; oil • fatty; oily; rich • paste; cream; ointment; poultice • sleek; glossy • fertile • (historical) fatty tissue located at the tip of the heart ‖ to moisten; to grease; to lubricate • to apply (cream, ointment) • to dip a brush in ink
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|
|
|
|膏 • (go) · 膏 • (go) (hangeul 고, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko)
|
|
|canonical : 膏: Hán Việt readings: cao
|
|
|盃 • (bae) · 盃 • (bae) (hangeul 배, revised bae, McCune–Reischauer pae, Yale pay)
|膏
|
|Alternative form of 杯 (“chữ Hán form of bôi (“cup”).”)
|盃
|-
|-
|盍
|膚
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hap⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : a̍p
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 肉 (“meat”) + abbreviated 盧 (“vessel; rice bowl”) — skin, which covers the innards like the exterior of a rice bowl. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *p(r/j)a (“skin”) (STEDT). This form likely represents the root while 皮 (OC *bral) is its derivative with a voicing prefix, most likely PST *m-, found in several OC words for body parts like 鼻 (OC *m-bi[t]-s, “nose”), 肚 (OC *m-tˤaʔ, “belly”), 右 (OC *[ɢ]ʷəʔ-s (~ *m-qʷəʔ), “right-hand”) and 頭 (OC *[m-t]ˤo, “head”) (Baxter & Sagart, 2014).
|(Classical) why; how • (Classical) why not • Used in 盍簪. • Used in 盍旦. • Original form of 蓋／盖 (gài, “to cover”). • a surname
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hu • Middle-Chinese : pju
|skin • superficial; shallow • great • (alt. form 扶) ancient unit of length equal to the width of four fingers
|
|
|come together • congregate • meet • cover
|盍 • (hap) · 盍 • (hap) (hangeul 합)
|
|
|
|
|盍
|hanja form of 부 (“skin”)
|-
|盎
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ong³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : òng ‖  ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ong³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : on¹
|(historical) an earthen vessel with a big belly and a small mouth • brimming; overflowing ‖ (Hakka) Alternative form of 罌／罂 (“bottle”) ‖ Used in transcription. • (Cantonese) Short for 盎士 (on¹ si⁶⁻²), alternative form of 安士 (on¹ si⁶⁻², “ounce”).
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|cup • pot • bowl • abundant
|盎 • (ang) · 盎 • (ang) (hangeul 앙, revised ang, McCune–Reischauer ang, Yale ang)
|동이: an earthen vessel with a big belly and a small mouth • spill over
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|盎
|膚
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|盗
|膛
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : phonetic 肉 (OC *njuɡ, “flesh, meat”) + semantic 堂.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tn̂g
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|steal, rob
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|Hán-Nôm : thang • Hán-Nôm : đường
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|盗
|膛
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|盞
|膳
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaan² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuánn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsán ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : zaan²
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djens) : semantic ⺼ + phonetic 善 (OC *ɡjenʔ).
|small cup or container • Classifier for lamps, lanterns, or cups of drink. ‖ (of lifestyle or enjoyment) enjoyable • will only
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siān • Middle-Chinese : dzyenH
|to prepare food • to offer food • meal
| ‖ 膳(ぜん) • (zen) ‖ 膳(ぜん) • (-zen)
|small table; tray ‖ small Japanese meal tray • a prepared meal, (especially) food a drink arranged on such a tray ‖ pairs of chopsticks • bowls of rice
|膳 (eumhun 반찬 선 (banchan seon)) · 膳 (eumhun 선물 선 (seonmul seon))
|hanja form of 선 (“meal”) • hanja form of 선 (“gift; present”)
|romanization : thiện
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|膳
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|臀
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *duːn) : phonetic 殿 (OC *tɯːns, *dɯːns) + semantic 肉 (“flesh”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-t(u/i)l (“buttocks; heel; dull; blunt; rounded part”). Compare Manipuri ꯊꯨꯟ (thoon, “buttocks”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄣˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thûn • Middle-Chinese : dwon
|buttocks; bottom
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|盞 • (jan) · 盞 • (jan) (hangeul 잔, revised jan, McCune–Reischauer chan, Yale can)
|butt, buttocks, rear
|臀 (eumhun 볼기 둔 (bolgi dun))
|hanja form of 둔 (“buttocks”)
|Hán-Nôm : đồn
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|small cup
|臀
|盞
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|盥
|臂
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gun³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gun² • Cantonese · Jyutping : fun²
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *peɡs) : phonetic 辟 (OC *peɡ, *pʰeɡ, *beɡ) + semantic 肉 (“meat; flesh”). \ Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *p-jak (“arm”), whence Lepcha [script needed] (pek), Limbu [script needed] (phuk-bek), Tibetan ཕྱག (phyag, “hand; arm”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007).
|to wash (the hands or face) • washbasin
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄅㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pì • Middle-Chinese : pjieH
| ‖ 盥(たらい) • (tarai) ^(←たらひ (tarafi)?)
|(anatomy) arm
| ‖ tub, basin
| ‖ 臂(ひじ) • (hiji) ^(←ひぢ (fidi)?)
|盥 • (gwan) · 盥 • (gwan) (hangeul 관, revised gwan, McCune–Reischauer kwan, Yale kwan)
| ‖ Alternative spelling of 肘
|臂 (eumhun 팔 비 (pal bi))
|hanja form of 비 (“arm”)
|Hán-Nôm : tý • Hán-Nôm : tí
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|臂
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|臆
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qɯɡ) : semantic 肉 (“body”) + phonetic 意 (OC *qɯɡs). \ Compare Proto-Tai *ʔɤkᴰ (“chest”), whence Thai อก (òk). Cognate with 意 (OC *qɯɡs, “mind”) and 憶 (OC *qɯɡ, “to remember”). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iak • Middle-Chinese : 'ik ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : ioh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ip
|chest; breast; bosom • thought ‖ (Southern Min) to guess • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to purchase objects by quantity and not by weight
| ‖ 臆(おく) • (oku)
|chest; breast; heart • to repress one's mind; to be hesitant in one's thoughts • timid; nervous; afraid ‖ chest • guess; conjecture • timid; nervous
|臆 (eumhun 가슴 억 (gaseum eok))
|hanja form of 억 (“chest”)
|Hán-Nôm : ức
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|盥
|臆
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|盧
|臟
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zaːŋs) : semantic ⺼ (“flesh”) + phonetic 藏 (OC *zaːŋ, *zaːŋs). \ Specializational glyph of 藏 (OC *zaːŋs).
|a surname • (obsolete) rice bowl • (obsolete) black • (Taiwan slang) sloppy • Short for 盧森堡／卢森堡 (Lúsēnbǎo).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄤˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsn̄g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsōng
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|internal organs; viscera • (Northern Min) intestines; guts
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|盧 (eumhun 밥그릇 로 (bapgeureut ro), South Korea 밥그릇 노 (bapgeureut no))
|intestines • entrails
|臟 (eum 장 (jang))
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|Hán-Nôm : tạng
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|盧
|臟
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|盪
|舀
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dong⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tn̄g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tňg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǒng
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 爪 (“hand”) + 臼 (“mortar, vessel”). \ Related to 揄 (OC *l'oː, *l'oːʔ, *lu, *lo, “to scoop out”) (Schuessler, 2007). Compare Mizo lâwk, lawh (“to scoop up; to shovel up”), Mon ဂၠံက် (“to scoop up; to scoop out”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|to toss; to swing; to rock; to sway; to wave • to cleanse; to wash away; to rinse • to cleanse; to wash away; to rinse · (Mainland China Hokkien) to wash by shaking the water stored in a container (to remove dirt) • to root out; to wipe out; to clear away; to sweep off • to loaf about • (Hakka) to slap with the palm of the hand
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ió • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iónn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iúnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iáu • Middle-Chinese : yu • Middle-Chinese : yuw • Middle-Chinese : yewX
|to scoop; to ladle
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|dip • ladle
|舀 • (yo) · 舀 • (yo) (hangeul 요, revised yo, McCune–Reischauer yo, Yale yo)
|ladle out • spoon out
|Hán-Nôm : yểu • Hán-Nôm : ửu
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|盪 • (tang) · 盪 • (tang) (hangeul 탕, revised tang, McCune–Reischauer t'ang, Yale thang)
|舀
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|舅
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡuʔ) : phonetic 臼 (OC *ɡuʔ) + semantic 男 (“male; man”). \ Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)əw-n (“elder brother; senior male relative”); compare Tibetan ཨ་ཁུ (a khu), ཁུ་བོ (khu bo, “father's brother”) (Sagart, 2017d; STEDT). Possibly related to 舊 (OC *ɡʷɯs, “old; ancient”), 昆 (OC *kuːn, “elder brother”) (Sagart, 1999; STEDT); see there for more.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄡˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kǔ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiǔ • Middle-Chinese : gjuwX
|maternal uncle (mother's brother) • brother-in-law (wife's brother) • father-in-law (wife's father or husband's father) • feudal prince of a different surname (to an emperor) • official of a different surname (to a feudal prince) • a surname • (Taiwan, botany) used in plant names to indicate naming after a similar species
| ‖ 舅(しひと) • (shihito) ‖ 舅(しゅうと) • (shūto) ^(←しうと (siuto)?)
| ‖ a father-in-law ‖ a father-in-law
|舅 • (gu) · 舅 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu)
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|盪
|canonical : 舅: Hán Việt readings: cữu 舅: Nôm readings: cậu • canonical : cữu
|Nôm form of cậu (“maternal uncle, young male master, younger male stranger”).
|舅
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|眞
|與
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *la, *laʔ, *las) : phonetic 舁 (OC *la) + semantic 牙. \ ; "to be with; to associate with" \ ; "to give" ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *la, *laʔ, *las) : phonetic 舁 (OC *la) + semantic 牙. \ ; "to be with; to associate with" \ ; "to give" ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *la, *laʔ, *las) : phonetic 舁 (OC *la) + semantic 牙. \ ; "to be with; to associate with" \ ; "to give"
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : í • Middle-Chinese : yoX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : í • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ī • Middle-Chinese : yoH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : û • Hokkien · Tai-lo : î • Middle-Chinese : yo
|to give; to offer • to agree; to allow; to permit • to help; to support • to get close to • to follow • to befriend; to get along with; to associate with • to fight • to deal with; to cope • to compare • to wait • to choose; to elect • clique • allied country • with • for • (passive) by • used to introduce the recipient of an action • and (used to connect two nouns) • (logic) AND; conjunction • rather than • Same as 舉／举 (jǔ) • a surname ‖ to participate • to interfere ‖ (Classical, alt. form 歟／欤) Sentence-final particle used to express an exclamatory, doubtful or questioning tone
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|participate in • give • award • impart • provide • cause
|與 (eumhun 더불 여 (deobul yeo)) · 與 (eumhun 줄 여 (jul yeo)) ‖ 與 (eumhun 참여할 여 (chamyeohal yeo)) ‖ 與 • (yeo) (hangeul 여)
|hanja form of 여 (“and; with; to; for”) [affix] • hanja form of 여 (“to give; to grant”) [affix] ‖ hanja form of 여 (“to participate”) [affix] ‖ (in news headlines) Short for 與(여)黨(당) (yeodang, “(politics) the ruling party”).
|Hán-Nôm : dữ • Hán-Nôm : trở
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|與
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|舊
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷɯs) : semantic 雈 (“owl”) + phonetic 臼 (OC *ɡuʔ). \ Originally refers to a type of owl; later borrowed for a homophonous word meaning "old." The upper portion frequently appears as 萑 (a type of grass). \ Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)əw-n (“elder brother; senior male relative”), which is also compared to 舅 (OC *ɡuʔ, “maternal uncle”), 昆 (OC *kuːn, “elder brother”) (Sagart, 1999; STEDT). \ Baxter and Sagart (2014) compares it to 久 (OC *[k]ʷəʔ). See there for more.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄡˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiū • Middle-Chinese : gjuwH
|old; former; past • old; used; worn • former; once-existing • old friend or friendship, or things in the past • (dialectal) last; previous
| ‖  
| ‖  
|Kyūjitai form of 真: truth, reality ‖  
|old ‖  
|眞 (eumhun 참 진 (cham jin))
|舊 (eumhun 예 구 (ye gu))
|Hanja form of 진 (“truth”). • Hanja form of 진 (“a surname.”).
|hanja form of 예 (“old”)
|Hán-Nôm : cựu • Hán-Nôm : lâu
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|眞
|舊
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|眩
|舒
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hîn
|phonetic 舍 (OC *hljaːʔ, *hljaːs) + phonetic 予 (OC *la, *laʔ)
|dizzy; giddy; vertiginous • (literary) puzzled; bewildered • Alternative form of 炫 (xuàn, “to dazzle”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshir • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : soo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : su • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sir • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si • Middle-Chinese : syo
|to open up; to unfold; to stretch out; to relax • (Eastern Min, Puxian Min, Hokkien, Teochew) to spread (a mat, a blanket, etc.) • slow • comfortable; leisurely; easy • a surname
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|眩 • (hyeon, hwan) · 眩 • (hyeon, hwan) (hangeul 현, 환, revised hyeon, hwan, McCune–Reischauer hyŏn, hwan, Yale hyen, hwan)
|舒 • (seo) · 舒 • (seo) (hangeul 서, revised seo, McCune–Reischauer sŏ, Yale se)
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|Hán-Nôm : thư • Hán-Nôm : thơ
|眩
|(only in compounds) chữ Hán form of thư (“idle, unoccupied, to relax”).
|舒
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|-
|眸
|舔
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mau⁴
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰiːmʔ) : semantic 舌 (“tongue”) + phonetic 忝 (OC *l̥ʰiːmʔ, *l̥ʰiːms). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ljam (“tongue; flame”). The Cantonese vernacular reading (Guangzhou lim² or lem²; Taishan liam²) preserves the Old Chinese lateral initial *l̥-.
|(anatomy) pupil (of the eye) • (by extension) eye
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiám
|(transitive) to lick • (figurative, slang, transitive) to suck up to; to brownnose
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|the pupil of an eye • the iris of an eye • eye
|眸 • (mo) · 眸 • (mo) (hangeul 모, revised mo, McCune–Reischauer mo, Yale mo)
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|眸
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|眾
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zung³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsìng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiòng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zung¹
|"masses; people; multitude; crowd; everyone • everything; all matters • all the government officials • soldier; army; troops • slave labour in agriculture • (Buddhism) number of monks • many; numerous • majority • various; different • general; common • 32nd tetragram of the Taixuanjing; ""legion"" (𝌥) • a surname ‖ glutinous millet"
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|Alternative form of 衆
|Hán-Nôm : thiểm • Hán-Nôm : liếm • Hán-Nôm : thiêm
|眾 • (jung) · 眾 • (jung) (hangeul 중, revised jung, McCune–Reischauer chung, Yale cwung)
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|舔
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|舵
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'aːlʔ) : semantic 舟 (“boat”) + phonetic 它 (OC *l̥ʰaːl). \ Attested late, in Shiming as 柂 and Guangyun as 舵. \ Shiming connects it to 拖 (OC *l̥ˤaj, “to drag, to pull, to haul”). Meanwhile, Schuessler (2007) considers it an areal word; compare Vietnamese lái (“to drive (a wheeled vehicle), to steer (a vessel), etc.”) and Thai ท้าย (táai, “stern; back; rear end”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄛˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tō • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǒ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǒo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuǎ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuǎnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tāi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǎi • Middle-Chinese : daX
|(nautical, aeronautics) rudder; helm • (Cantonese) steering (of a vehicle)
| ‖ 舵(かじ) • (kaji) ^(←かぢ (kadi)?)
|rudder, tiller, helm ‖ (nautical) the rudder of a boat or ship • (nautical, aeronautics) the helm, tiller, or wheel of a boat or ship, or of an aircraft • (figurative) a position of leadership or control • (nautical) a single oar-like device attached to the back of a small boat and swept from side to side to propel the boat forward
|舵 (eumhun 키 타 (ki ta))
|hanja form of 타 (“rudder, tiller, helm”)
|canonical : 舵: Hán Việt readings: đà
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|眾
|舵
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|睏
|舷
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwan³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khùn
|sleepy; tired • (dialectal) to sleep
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|to sleep; be sleepy, drowsy • to die
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kînn • Middle-Chinese : hen
|sides of a boat (i.e. port and starboard) • (Southern Min) side; edge
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|舷 (eumhun 뱃전 현 (baetjeon hyeon))
|hanja form of 현 (“the sides of a boat”)
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|睏
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|舷
|-
|-
|睜
|艘
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsing ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zang¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsing
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *suːw, *sɯːw) : semantic 舟 (“boat”) + phonetic 叟 (OC *suːʔ).
|Used in 眳睜／眳睁. ‖ to open one's eye
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄡ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau² • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : só • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : so • Middle-Chinese : sew
|Classifier for boats, ships, vessels. • (literary) ship
| ‖ 艘(そう) • (-sō)
| ‖ small boats
|艘 (eum 소 (so))
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|
|to open one's eye • to stare
|Hán-Nôm : sưu
|睜 • (jeong) · 睜 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng)
|pupil
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|睜
|艘
|-
|-
|睞
|艦
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : loi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lāi
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡraːmʔ) : semantic 舟 + phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms). \ "Warship (with boards installed on its four sides to defend against arrow attacks)" (Shiming) > "warship" > "ship" (Guangya). A specialised character derived from 檻 (OC *ɡraːmʔ, *ɡraːms, “fence, railing, board”); see there for more on the external etymology. \ This character is a classic example of historical misreadings of unfamiliar characters. The l- initial in southern dialects is probably due to confusion with 濫 (MC lamH, “to overflow”), not due to divergent evolutions of the Old Chinese cluster initial *gr- as this character is often cited as an example of. Likewise, the readings in other Chinese are misreadings, although this is more subtle. Expected Mandarin reflex is xiàn, and jiàn is due to confusion with 鑑 (MC kaemH, “mirror; to reflect”). Wu and Eastern Min readings are results of confusion with 檻 (MC haemX, “doorsill”). Despite these irregularities, all the Sinoxenic readings are regular.
|(literary or Hakka) to glance at; to look sideways at; to squint at
|Cantonese · Jyutping : laam⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lām • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hām • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kàm • Middle-Chinese : haemX
|warship
| ‖ 艦(かん) • (kan)
| ‖ warship
|艦 (eumhun 싸움배 함 (ssaumbae ham))
|hanja form of 함 (“warship”) [noun]
|Hán-Nôm : hạm
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|艦
|-
|艾
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːds, *ŋads) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 乂 (OC *ŋads). ‖ From 愛. See 愛滋病 for more. ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngaai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiānn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gāi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngāi • Middle-Chinese : ngajH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngaai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ài ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngaai⁶ • Middle-Chinese : ngjojH
|mugwort, especially Chinese mugwort (Artemisia argyi) • (obsolete) green • (literary) pale; greyish white • (literary) elderly person • (literary) to end; to stop • (literary) beautiful lady • (obsolete) to nurture; to foster • (historical) an ancient place in modern-day Xiushui County, Jiangxi • (historical) a mountain in modern-day Xintai, Shandong • a surname ‖ Only used in 艾滋病 (àizībìng). ‖ Alternative form of 刈 (yì, “to mow; to harvest; to chop; to exterminate; sickle”) • Alternative form of 乂 (“to govern; to control; to pacify; to admonish”)
| ‖ 艾(もぐさ) • (mogusa) ‖ 艾(よもぎ) • (yomogi)
|artemisia; mugwort, sagebrush, wormwood ‖ mugwort ‖ mugwort
|艾 (eumhun 쑥 애 (ssuk ae)) ‖ 艾 (eumhun 다스릴 예 (daseuril ye))
|moxa, mugwort ‖
|Hán-Nôm : ngải • Hán-Nôm : nghệ • Hán-Nôm : nghễ
|
|
|艾
|-
|芒
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *maːŋ, *maŋ) : semantic 艹 (“grass”) + phonetic 亡 (OC *maŋ). \ Unclear. Schuessler (2007) lists two possible comparanda: \ * Proto-Kam-Sui *mpraːŋ¹ (“ear (of grain)”), which may be problematic due to inconsistent phonetic correspondence with the Middle Chinese form; and \ * Burmese အမှင် (a.hmang, “stiff hair; bristles”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ma-ŋ (“beard; moustache”) (STEDT). ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄤˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄤˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bâng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mêe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mê • Middle-Chinese : mjang • Middle-Chinese : mang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄤˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bông ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mong⁴ • Middle-Chinese : mang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : Bông ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fong²
|(～草) Miscanthus sinensis • (～屬) Miscanthus • awn • edge of a knife • ray; beam (of light) • Alternative form of 茫 (máng, “indistinct”) • Alternative form of 忙 (máng, “hurried”) • (obsolete, alt. form 邙) Short for 北邙山 (Běimángshān). • a surname ‖ Short for 芒果 (mángguǒ, “mango”). ‖ a surname ‖ (Chinese mythology) Mang of Xia (ninth king of the semi-legendary Xia dynasty) ‖ Alternative form of 恍 (huǎng, “indistinct; confused”)
|
|
|(botany) awn
|芒 • (mang) · 芒 • (mang) (hangeul 망, revised mang, McCune–Reischauer mang, Yale mang)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : mang • Hán-Nôm : man • Hán-Nôm : mường • Hán-Nôm : màng • Hán-Nôm : mưng • Hán-Nôm : vong
|
|
|睞
|芒
|-
|-
|睥
|芙
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pai⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pai³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phè
|
|Used in 睥睨 (pìnì).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phû • Middle-Chinese : bju
|Only used in 芙蓉 (fúróng) and 芙蕖 (fúqú).
|
|
|
|
|睥 • (bi) · 睥 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi, Yale pi)
|芙 • (bu) · 芙 • (bu) (hangeul 부, revised bu, McCune–Reischauer pu, Yale pu)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : phù • Hán-Nôm : trầu • Hán-Nôm : giầu
|
|
|睥
|芙
|-
|-
|睨
|芥
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gio̍h
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kreːds) : semantic 艸 (“grass, plant”) + phonetic 介 (OC *kreːds) – a type of plant. \ The meaning "mustard green" is attested earliest in the Book of Rites; "small grass" in Zuo zhuan (Ai 1). \ Schuessler (2007) compares it to Middle Korean 갓 (kas), Proto-Southwestern Tai *ka:tᴰ (> Thai กาด (gàat), Lao ກາດ (kāt), Shan ၵၢတ်ႇ (kàat)), Proto-Vietic *kaːs (> Vietnamese cải, Muong cái, & Thavung kajh¹). However, all those foreign items might have been loaned from Late Old Chinese or Eastern Han Chinese (as proposed by Pittayaporn for *ka:tᴰ),
|(literary) to look askance at; to glance at from the side • (archaic) to look at; to watch
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄞˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuà • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kài • Middle-Chinese : keajH
|mustard greens (Brassica juncea) • (literary) small grass • (literary, figurative) triviality
|
|
|to glare at, to scowl at • authority, power • to stare
|mustard • rubbish, trash, dust
|睨 • (ye) · 睨 • (ye) (hangeul 예, revised ye, McCune–Reischauer ye, Yale yey)
|芥 • (gae) · 芥 • (gae) (hangeul 개, revised gae, McCune–Reischauer kae, Yale kay)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : giới
|
|
|睨
|芥
|-
|-
|睽
|芬
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khui
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰɯn) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 分 (OC *pɯn, *bɯns)
|opposed; contrary; separated • to separate; to part • to stare; only used in 睽睽 (kuíkuí) and 睽睢. • 38th hexagram of the I Ching
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hun • Middle-Chinese : phjun
|fragrance, aroma • fragrant • Short for 芬蘭／芬兰 (Fēnlán, “Finland”).
|
|
|staring
|睽 (eum 규 (gyu))
|squint, strabismus • stare
|
|
|睽
|芬 • (bun) · 芬 • (bun) (hangeul 분, revised bun, McCune–Reischauer pun, Yale pun)
|-
|睿
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haai⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jeoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : juē
|shrewd; astute; clever; keen; farsighted • emperor • Confucius
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : phân
|
|
|睿 • (ye) · 睿 • (ye) (hangeul 예, revised ye, McCune–Reischauer ye, Yale yey)
|芬
|-
|芭
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *praː) : semantic 艹 (“grass”) + phonetic 巴 (OC *praː). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *praː) : semantic 艹 (“grass”) + phonetic 巴 (OC *praː).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : baa¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄚ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pa • Middle-Chinese : pae ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄚ
|Used in 芭蕉 (bājiāo); also used as its short form. • a kind of fragrant grass ‖ Used in an ancient personal name. • Alternative form of 葩 (pā)
|
|
|banana
|芭 • (pa) · 芭 • (pa) (hangeul 파, revised pa, McCune–Reischauer p'a, Yale pha)
|
|
|睿
|canonical : 芭: Hán Việt readings: ba 芭: Nôm readings: ba • canonical : bơ
|chữ Hán form of ba (“banana”).
|芭
|-
|-
|瞇
|芹
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mi¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mi
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯn) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 斤 (OC *kɯn, *kɯns).
|to squint; to narrow one's eyes • (colloquial) to take a nap • (Zhongshan Min Cantonese and Min) to sleep • (Southern Min) to look furtively • (Teochew) to close one's eyes
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄣˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khûn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khîn • Middle-Chinese : gj+n
|water dropwort (Oenanthe javanica) • celery (Apium graveolens) • (figurative) meager; humble
| ‖ 芹(せり) or 芹(セリ) • (seri)
|water dropwort (Oenanthe javanica) ‖ water dropwort, Oenanthe javanica
|芹 • (geun) · 芹 • (geun) (hangeul 근, revised geun, McCune–Reischauer kŭn, Yale kun)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : cần
|
|
|芹
|-
|苑
| ‖  ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uán • Middle-Chinese : 'jwonX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun² ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄣˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ
|park; garden; pasture; preserve • park; garden; pasture; preserve · imperial garden; imperial hunting grounds • (of arts, literature, etc.) center; circle; world ‖ a surname ‖ Alternative form of 菀 (yù, “lush; luxuriant”) ‖ Alternative form of 蘊／蕴 (“to accumulate; to gather”)
| ‖
|garden • farm • park ‖
|苑 • (won) · 苑 • (won) (hangeul 원, revised won, McCune–Reischauer wŏn, Yale wen)
|
|romanization : uyển • romanization : oản • romanization : oan
|
|
|苑
|-
|苔
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯː) : semantic 艸 + phonetic 台 (OC *l̥ʰɯː, *l'ɯː, *l'ɯː, *lɯ). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : toi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thî • Middle-Chinese : doj ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄞ • Cantonese · Jyutping : toi¹
|moss; lichen ‖ tongue coating; fur
| ‖ 苔(こけ) • (koke)
|moss ‖ moss • Synonym of 猿麻桛 (saruogase, “beard moss, Usena”)
|苔 • (tae) · 苔 • (tae) (hangeul 태, revised tae, McCune–Reischauer t'ae, Yale thay)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : đài • Hán-Nôm : đầy • Hán-Nôm : dày • Hán-Nôm : đày • Hán-Nôm : dây • Hán-Nôm : thai
|
|
|瞇
|苔
|-
|-
|瞌
|苞
|Cantonese · Jyutping : hap⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hap¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khueh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kheh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khereh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khap
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pruː) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 包 (OC *pruː). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pruː) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 包 (OC *pruː). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pruː) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 包 (OC *pruː).
|^⁜ sleepy • (Cantonese) to doze • (Hokkien, Teochew, Leizhou Min) to close (one's eyes) • (Leizhou Min, Hainanese) to sleep
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pôo • Middle-Chinese : paew ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄠˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄠ
|bulrush (for making mats and straw sandals) • root or stem of plants • growing in profusion; luxuriant; profuse • (botany) bract; bud • Alternative form of 包 (“to wrap up; to surround”) • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 匏 (páo, “gourd”) ‖ Alternative form of 藨 (“bulrush”)
| ‖ 苞(ほう) • (hō) ^(←はう (fau)?)
|husk • bract • straw wrapper • souvenir gift • bribe ‖ (botany) bract
|苞 • (po) · 苞 • (po) (hangeul 포, revised po, McCune–Reischauer p'o, Yale pho)
|
|
|canonical : 苞: Hán Việt readings: bao 苞: Nôm readings: bèo • canonical : bào • canonical : vầu
|Nôm form of bèo (“duckweed”).
|苞
|-
|茁
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄛˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyut³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuat • Middle-Chinese : trwit • Middle-Chinese : tsrweat • Middle-Chinese : tsrjwet
|
|
|
|
|
|
|瞌
|茁 • (jul) · 茁 • (jul) (hangeul 줄, revised jul, McCune–Reischauer chul, Yale cwul)
|bud • sprout
|
|
|茁
|-
|-
|瞑
|范
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄥˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ming⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ming⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mêe ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : min⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄢˊ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bomʔ) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 氾 (OC *pʰoms, *bom).
|to close one's eyes • (literary, of eyesight) dim ‖ Only used in 暝眩. ‖ Alternative form of 眠 (“to sleep; to nap”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : faan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huān • Middle-Chinese : bjomX
|^† bee • Simplied form of 範／范 (fàn). Alternative of 笵 (fàn). • (～縣) Fan County, Fanxian (a county of Puyang, Henan, China) • a surname
|
|
|to close one's eyes; to pass away • dim; dark • blind person
|瞑 • (myeong, myeon) · 瞑 • (myeong, myeon) (hangeul 명, 면, revised myeong, myeon, McCune–Reischauer myŏng, myŏn, Yale myeng, myen)
|
|
|范 • (beom) · 范 • (beom) (hangeul 범, revised beom, McCune–Reischauer pŏm, Yale pem)
|
|
|瞑
|Hán-Nôm : phạm
|Chữ Hán form of Phạm (“a surname from Chinese.”).
|范
|-
|-
|瞞
|茄
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : buân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : muâ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡa, *ɡal, *kraːl) : semantic 艹 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 加 (OC *kraːl). ‖  ‖ Compare: \ * Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kləj: Chinese 屎 (OC *hliʔ), Burmese ချေး (hkye:); \ * Proto-Tai *C̬.qɯjꟲ (“excrement”): Thai ขี้ (kîi). \ Bauer (1996) does not consider this to be a loan from Tai. ‖
|to deceive; to lie; to conceal • eyes half-closed
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄝˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiô • Middle-Chinese : gja ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ka • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kee • Middle-Chinese : kae ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : ke¹ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : ke¹
|(now in compounds or dialectal) eggplant; aubergine • (Cantonese) Short for 番茄 (faan¹ ke⁴⁻², “tomato”). ‖ lotus stem • An ancient state in modern Anhui ‖ (Cantonese, colloquial) poop (Classifier: 篤／笃 c) ‖ (Cantonese) Used in transcription.
|
|
|deception
|eggplant
|瞞 • (man) · 瞞 • (man) (hangeul 만, revised man, McCune–Reischauer man, Yale man)
|茄 (eum 가 (ga))
|deceive • lie • eyes half-closed
|eggplant
|Hán-Nôm : già • Hán-Nôm : nhà • Hán-Nôm : nhu • Hán-Nôm : như • Hán-Nôm : nhựa • Hán-Nôm : cà • Hán-Nôm : gia
|
|
|瞞
|茄
|-
|-
|瞟
|茅
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : piu⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiáu
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mruː) : semantic 艹 (“plant”) + phonetic 矛 (OC *mu).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hm̂ • Middle-Chinese : maew
|cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica) (often used as thatch) • (obsolete, metonymically) thatched cottage • (obsolete, figurative) Tao • (obsolete) clear • (obsolete) to become damaged • (Cantonese, derogatory) not abiding by the rules; cheaty • Alternative form of 旄 (máo) • (historical) An ancient state in modern Shandong • a surname
| ‖ 茅(ちがや) or 茅(チガヤ) • (chigaya)
|thatch ‖ cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica)
|茅 • (mo) · 茅 • (mo) (hangeul 모, revised mo, McCune–Reischauer mo, Yale mo)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : mao
|
|
|茅
|-
|茉
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 末 (OC *maːd).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mut⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bāng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ba̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bua̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bua̍t • Middle-Chinese : mat
|Only used in 茉莉 (mòlì).
|
|
|white jasmine
|茉 • (mal) · 茉 • (mal) (hangeul 말, revised mal, McCune–Reischauer mal, Yale mal)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : mạt • Hán-Nôm : nhi
|
|
|
|茉
|瞟
|-
|-
|瞠
|茵
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thenn
|to stare at; to gaze at; to glare at
|
|
|stare intently
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : in • Middle-Chinese : 'jin
|瞠 • (dang, cheong) · 瞠 • (dang, cheong) (hangeul 당, 청, revised dang, cheong, McCune–Reischauer tang, ch'ŏng, Yale tang, cheng)
|cushion; mattress • Used in 茵蒀 and 茵陳／茵陈 (yīnchén). • a surname
|look at • stare at • gaze at
|
|
|瞠
|A coin
|茵 • (in) · 茵 • (in) (hangeul 인)
|mat, cushion
|Hán-Nôm : nhân
|mattress
|茵
|-
|-
|瞥
|茸
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄝ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pit³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiat
|Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njoŋ) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + abbreviated phonetic 聰 (OC *sʰloːŋ) (Shuowen). ‖ Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njoŋ) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + abbreviated phonetic 聰 (OC *sʰloːŋ) (Shuowen).
|to shoot a glance at
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiông • Middle-Chinese : nyowng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄥˇ
|(of vegetation) soft and downy; newly sprouted and pilose • bud; sprout • fine hair; soft fur • pilose antler of a young stag ‖ (obsolete) to push in • Used in compounds.
| ‖ 茸(きのこ) or 茸(キノコ) • (kinoko) ‖ 茸(たけ) or 茸(タケ) • (take) ‖ 茸(くさびら) or 茸(くさひら) • (kusabira or kusahira) ‖ 茸(くさびら) • (Kusabira) ‖ 茸(きのこ) • (Kinoko)
| ‖ a mushroom ‖ (chiefly Kansai or in compounds) a mushroom • (colloquial) the flesh of an animal ‖ (archaic, now dialectal) a mushroom • (etymology, obsolete) vegetable, greens • (euphemistic, in Ise Grand Shrine) the flesh of an animal ‖ a kyogen play ‖ (Internet slang) NTT Docomo
|茸 • (yong) · 茸 • (yong) (hangeul 용, revised yong, McCune–Reischauer yong, Yale yong)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : nhung
|
|
|瞥 (eumhun 깜짝할 별 (kkamjjakhal byeol))
|茸
|Hanja form of 별 (“shoot a glance at”).
|瞥 (miết)
|瞥
|-
|-
|瞰
|荐
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ham³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ham⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khàm
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin³ • Middle-Chinese : dzenH
|straw mat • fodder grass • repeatedly • ^‡ to gather • Alternative form of 薦／荐 (jiàn, “to recommend”)
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|
|
|
|瞰 • (gam) · 瞰 • (gam) (hangeul 감, revised gam, McCune–Reischauer kam, Yale kam)
|荐 • (cheon, geon) · 荐 • (cheon, geon) (hangeul 천, 건, revised cheon, geon, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏn, kŏn, Yale chen, ken)
|to watch • to overlook, look down
|
|
|瞰
|Hán-Nôm : tiến
|
|荐
|-
|-
|瞽
|荔
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kóo
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːbs, *rebs) : semantic 艸 + phonetic 劦 (OC *ɦleːb).
|blind • undiscerning
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nāi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lāi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nǎi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nuī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liān • Middle-Chinese : ljeH • Middle-Chinese : lejH
| ‖
|Alternative name for 馬藺／马蔺 (“Iris lactea”). • Short for 荔枝 (lìzhī, “lychee”). • Used in 薜荔 (bìlì). • a surname
| ‖
|瞽 • (go) · 瞽 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko)
|
|
|
|瞽
|-
|瞿
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geoi³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kù ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : keoi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khî
|(literary) shocked; scared; panic-stricken ‖ (historical) halberd-like weapon • Used in 瞿麥／瞿麦. • a surname
|
|
|
|
|瞿 • (gu) · 瞿 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : lệ • Hán-Nôm : lê
|
|
|瞿
|荔
|-
|-
|矇
|莉
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bông ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bông
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *riːl, *r'il, *r'i) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 利 (OC *rids).
|to cheat; to deceive; to dupe • to make a wild guess ‖ (literary) blind • Used in 矇矓／蒙眬 (ménglóng).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nī • Middle-Chinese : drij • Middle-Chinese : dri • Middle-Chinese : lej
|
|Used in 茉莉 (mòlì).
|
|
|矇 • (mong) · 矇 • (mong) (hangeul 몽, revised mong, McCune–Reischauer mong, Yale mong)
|white jasmine • Asian pear (Pyrus pyrifolia)
|莉 • (ri>i) · 莉 • (ri>i) (hangeul 리>이, revised ri>i, McCune–Reischauer ri>i, Yale li>i)
|
|
|
|
|矇
|莉 (lị, lài, lý, lợi, nhài)
|莉
|-
|-
|矓
|莊
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lông
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsraŋ) : semantic 艸 + phonetic 壯 (OC *ʔsraŋs).
|
|Cantonese · Jyutping : zong¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄤ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄤㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsonn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuang • Middle-Chinese : tsrjang
|
|grassy • village; farmstead; hamlet • villa; manor • thoroughfare; main road • place of business; shop • (gambling) dealer; banker • solemn; serious • (Hong Kong Cantonese, university slang) student association; student union (Classifier: 支 c) • a surname: Zhuang
|
|
|a manor, a villa • a village, a hamlet • number of mahjongg games (counter)
|莊 • (jang) · 莊 • (jang) (hangeul 장, revised jang, McCune–Reischauer chang, Yale cang)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : trang • Hán-Nôm : đồ • Hán-Nôm : dưa • Hán-Nôm : chan • Hán-Nôm : chang
|
|
|
|莊
|矓
|-
|-
|矚
|莽
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zuk¹
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *maːŋʔ, *moːʔ, *maːʔ) : phonetic 茻 (OC *maːŋʔ) + semantic 犬, and also ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 茻 + semantic 犬 (Li Xueqin, 2012). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-ljak ~ mrak ~ mruk.
|to gaze at; to stare at
|Cantonese · Jyutping : mong⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mong⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄤˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bóng • Middle-Chinese : muX • Middle-Chinese : mangX • Middle-Chinese : muwX
|thick weeds, luxuriant growth • Illicium henryi and Illicium lanceolatum, whose fruits resemble star anise but are highly toxic • rude, impertinent • (Sichuanese) silly, foolish
|
|
|look intently
|矚 • (chok) · 矚 • (chok) (hangeul 촉, revised chok, McCune–Reischauer ch'ok, Yale chok)
|watch carefully • stare at • focus on
|
|
|矚
|莽 (eum 망 (mang))
|-
|矜
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ging¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : king • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khim ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kan⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwaan¹
|to pity; to feel sorry for; to show sympathy for ‖ handle of a spear ‖ Alternative form of 鰥／鳏 (guān, “old man with no wife”) • Alternative form of 瘝 (guān, “to be ill”)
|
|
|pride • respect
|Hán-Nôm : mảng • Hán-Nôm : mãng
|矜 • (geung, geun) · 矜 • (geung, geun) (hangeul 긍, 근, revised geung, geun, McCune–Reischauer kŭng, kŭn, Yale kung, kun)
|pity • feel sorry for • show sympathy for
|
|
|矜
|莽
|-
|-
|矽
|菠
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zik⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si̍k
|(chemistry, chiefly Taiwan and Hong Kong, dated in Mainland China) silicon
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bo¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : poo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : po • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pue
|Used in compounds.
|
|
|矽 • (seok) · 矽 • (seok) (hangeul 석, revised seok, McCune–Reischauer sŏk, Yale sek)
|spinach
|菠 • (pa) · 菠 • (pa) (hangeul 파, revised pa, McCune–Reischauer p'a, Yale pha)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : ba
|
|
|矽
|菠
|-
|-
|砝
|菩
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : faat³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huat ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜˊ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bɯːʔ, *bɯʔ, *bɯː, *bɯːɡ) : semantic 艹 (“grass”) + phonetic 咅 (OC *pʰɯʔ, *pʰl'oːs) ‖  ‖
|Used in 砝碼／砝码 (fǎmǎ). ‖ (obsolete, rare) hard ‖ (obsolete, rare) the sound of rocks
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄟˋ • Middle-Chinese : bojX • Middle-Chinese : bjuwX • Middle-Chinese : bok ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : pou⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phôo • Middle-Chinese : bu
|a kind of herb ‖ Only used in 麻菩楊／麻菩杨. ‖ Used in 菩提 (pútí). • Used in 菩薩／菩萨 (púsà).
|
|
|a kind of grass • sacred tree
|菩 • (bo) · 菩 • (bo) (hangeul 보, revised bo, McCune–Reischauer po, Yale po)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : bồ • Hán-Nôm : mồ
|
|
|菩
|-
|菱
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯŋ) : semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 夌 (OC *rɯŋ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Middle-Chinese : ling
|water caltrop; water chestnut (Trapa natans)
| ‖ 菱(ひし) or 菱(ヒシ) • (hishi)
|diamond (shape); rhombus ‖ water caltrop
|菱 • (reung>neung) · 菱 • (reung>neung) (hangeul 릉>능, revised reung>neung, McCune–Reischauer rŭng>nŭng, Yale lung>nung)
|(마름): water caltrop, compare water chestnut.
|Hán-Nôm : lăng • Hán-Nôm : năng • Hán-Nôm : trăng
|
|
|
|菱
|砝
|-
|-
|砥
|菲
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dai² • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : té • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tí
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰɯl, *pʰɯlʔ, *bɯls) : semantic 艹 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 非 (OC *pɯl). ‖  ‖  ‖ Borrowed from English phenanthrene. ‖
|(literary) fine-grained whetstone • to grind; to polish • to temper oneself; to steel oneself • smooth; level; even
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄟ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hui • Middle-Chinese : phj+j ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fei² • Middle-Chinese : phj+jX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : Hui ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fei¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fei¹
|fragrant; luxuriant • lush ‖ Orychophragmus violaceus • (literary) poor; humble; unworthy • (literary) meager; scant ‖ Short for 菲律賓／菲律宾 (Fēilǜbīn, “the Philippines”). ‖ (organic chemistry) phenanthrene ‖ Used in transcription.
|
|
|
|
|砥 • (ji) · 砥 • (ji) (hangeul 지, revised ji, McCune–Reischauer chi, Yale ci)
|菲 • (bi) · 菲 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi, Yale pi)
|
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : phi
|砥
|phi
|菲
|-
|-
|砧
|萄
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zam¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiam • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tim
|Characters in the same phonetic series (匋) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'uː) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 匋 (OC *bl'uː).
|base for beating or chopping · stone base for beating clothes • base for beating or chopping · anvil • base for beating or chopping · base for cutting or lethal sentence • base in general • (Hakka) to hold one's hands in closed fists and to strike with phalanx
|Cantonese · Jyutping : tou⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄠˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄊㄠ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tôo • Middle-Chinese : daw
|a kind of grass • Used in 葡萄 (pútáo).
|
|
|
|
|砧 • (chim) · 砧 • (chim) (hangeul 침, revised chim, McCune–Reischauer ch'im, Yale chim)
|萄 • (do) · 萄 • (do) (hangeul 도, revised do, McCune–Reischauer to, Yale to)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : đào
|
|
|砧
|萄
|-
|-
|砭
|萌
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bin¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pian ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄢˇ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mreːŋ) : semantic 艹 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 明 (OC *mraŋ). \ ; “to bud; to begin” \ ; “moe” ‖  ‖
|(traditional Chinese medicine) stone needle used in acupuncture • (traditional Chinese medicine) to stab with such a needle • to pierce • to treat; to cure • to counsel; advise • (literary) providing constructive criticisms and suggestions ‖ (dialectal) mountain slope; hillside
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bîng • Middle-Chinese : meang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ming⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mang⁴
|
|to bud; to sprout; to germinate • to begin; to start • beginning; start; harbinger; omen; augury; portent • to happen; to occur; to take place • (ACG) moe: feelings of affection towards a fictional character • (Internet slang, by extension) cute; adorable • a surname: Meng ‖ Used in 蕨萌 (“a grass name”). ‖ (obsolete) Alternative form of 氓 (“farmer; wanderer”)
|stone probe • pierce • counsel
| ‖ 萌(きざし) • (Kizashi) ‖ 萌(もえ) • (Moe)
|砭 • (pyeom) · 砭 • (pyeom) (hangeul 폄, revised pyeom, McCune–Reischauer p'yŏm, Yale phyem)
|bud, sprout ‖ a female given name • a surname ‖ a female given name
|stone needle
|萌 • (maeng) · 萌 • (maeng) (hangeul 맹, revised maeng, McCune–Reischauer maeng, Yale mayng)
|
|
|砭
|Hán-Nôm : manh • Hán-Nôm : mánh • Hán-Nôm : mảnh • Hán-Nôm : mành
|đáng yêu, dễ thương
|萌
|-
|-
|砲
|萍
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ping⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pîng • Middle-Chinese : beng ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiô
|duckweed (often a symbol of floating existence) • to wander; to travel around ‖ (Southern Min) Alternative form of 薸 (“duckweed”)
|
|
|
|
| ‖ 砲(ほう) • (hō) ^(←はう (fau)?) ‖ 砲(ほう) • (-hō) ^(←はう (fau)?)
|萍 (eumhun 개구리밥 평 (gaeguribap pyeong))
|cannon, artillery ‖ gun, firearm • (by extension) Alternative spelling of 大砲 (“cannon, artillery”) ‖ gun • cannon, artillery • ordnance
|hanja form of 평 (“duckweed”)
|砲 (eumhun 대포 포 (daepo po))
|Hán-Nôm : bình • Hán-Nôm : bềnh • Hán-Nôm : phềnh • Hán-Nôm : phình
|Hanja form of 포 (“cannon”).
|
|
|砲
|萍
|-
|-
|硃
|萬
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyu¹
|Pictogram (象形) – scorpion. This character's original meaning has been lost, and the derivative 蠆 (OC *m̥ʰraːds) refers to the original word. \ ; “scorpion” \ ; “religious dance; sorcery” \ ; “myriad; ten thousand”
|cinnabar • ink made from cinnabar • red • a surname
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bān • Middle-Chinese : mjonH
|(obsolete) Original form of 蠆／虿 (chài, “scorpion”). • (historical) A ritual dance in ancient China. • myriad, ten thousand, 10000 • (figurative) a great number; myriad; numerous • very; extremely; absolutely • a surname
| ‖ 萬(よろず) • (Yorozu) ^(←よろづ (yorodu)?) ‖ 萬(よろづ) • (Yorozu) ‖ 萬(ばん) • (Ban) ‖ 萬(まん) • (Man)
|ten thousand ‖ a surname ‖ a surname ‖ a surname ‖ a female given name • a surname
|萬 (eumhun 일만(一萬) 만 (ilman man))
|hanja form of 만 (“ten thousand”) • hanja form of 만 (“myriad”)
|canonical : 萬: Hán Việt readings: vạn • canonical : muôn 萬: Nôm readings: vạn • canonical : vàn • canonical : mại • canonical : vẹn • canonical : muôn ‖
| ‖ chữ Hán form of vạn, muôn (“ten thousand”).
|萬
|-
|葡
|Considered a 後起字／后起字 (hòuqǐzì). Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *baː) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 匍 (OC *baː).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : pou⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phôo • Middle-Chinese : bu
|Used in 葡萄 (pútáo, “grape”) and related terms. • Short for 葡萄牙 (Pútáoyá, “Portugal”). • Short for 葡萄牙 (Pútáoyá, “Portugal”). · (chiefly Cantonese, by extension, in compounds) Macau
| ‖ 葡(ポ) • (po)
| ‖ Short for ポルトガル／葡萄牙 (“Portugal (a country in Europe)”).
|葡 (eum 포 (po))
|
|
|cinnabar
|Hán-Nôm : bồ
|硃 • (ju) · 硃 • (ju) (hangeul 주, revised ju, McCune–Reischauer chu, Yale cwu)
|cinnabar
|
|
|硃
|葡
|-
|-
|硏
|董
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *toːŋʔ) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 重 (OC *doŋ, *doŋʔ, *doŋs).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dung² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : táng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tóng • Middle-Chinese : tuwngX
|to direct; to supervise • director; supervisor • a surname
|
|
|
|
|董 • (dong) · 董 • (dong) (hangeul 동, revised dong, McCune–Reischauer tong, Yale tong)
|
|
|to polish • study of ... • to sharpen • inkstone • a surname
|Hán-Nôm : đổng • Hán-Nôm : đỏng • Hán-Nôm : đúng • Hán-Nôm : đủng • Hán-Nôm : đũng • Hán-Nôm : xổng • Hán-Nôm : dỏng • Hán-Nôm : rỗng
|硏 (eumhun 갈 연 (gal yeon))
|Hanja form of 연 (“grinding”).
|
|
|硏
|董
|-
|-
|硯
|葫
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin⁶⁻² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hīnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : giān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiān
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰaː, *ɡaː) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 胡 (OC *ɡaː)
|inkstone
|Cantonese · Jyutping : wu⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ôo • Middle-Chinese : hu • Middle-Chinese : xu
|Used in 葫蘆／葫芦 (húlu). • garlic
|
|
|inkstone
|gourd, bottle-gourd • garlic
|硯 • (yeon) · 硯 • (yeon) (hangeul 연, revised yeon, McCune–Reischauer yŏn, Yale yen)
|葫 • (ho) · 葫 • (ho) (hangeul 호, revised ho, McCune–Reischauer ho, Yale ho)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : hồ
|
|
|硯
|葫
|-
|-
|硼
|葵
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pang⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paang⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phn̂g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pîng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paang¹
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷil) : semantic 艹 (“grass, plant”) + phonetic 癸 (OC *kʷilʔ) – a kind of plant.
|(chemistry) boron ‖ (onomatopoeia) a loud sound • Alternative form of 蹦 (bèng, “to jump”) • Alternative form of 碰 (pèng, “to bump; to touch”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khêr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuê • Middle-Chinese : gjwij
|
|name of several plants · Short for 冬葵 (“Malva verticillata (syn. Malva crispa)”). • name of several plants · Short for 蒲葵 (púkuí, “Livistona chinensis”). • name of several plants · Short for 落葵 (luòkuí, “Basella alba”). • name of several plants · Short for 向日葵 (xiàngrìkuí, “sunflower”). • name of several plants · Used in compounds. • Alternative form of 揆 (kuí) • (Hong Kong) Short for 葵涌 (Kuíchōng, “Kwai Chung”). • a surname
|boron
| ‖ 葵(き) • (ki) ‖ 葵(あおい) • (aoi) ^(←あふひ (afufi)?) ‖ 葵(あおい) • (Aoi) ^(←あふひ (afufi)?) ‖ 葵(まもる) • (Mamoru)
|硼 • (bung, pyeong) · 硼 • (bung, pyeong) (hangeul 붕, 평)
| ‖ Synonym of 葵 (aoi): plant name ‖ For plant names: · アオイ: Any plant in the genera Alcea or Hibiscus: hollyhock, hibiscus • For plant names: · アオイ: Any plant in the Malvaceae family: mallow • For plant names: · アオイ: Synonym of 冬葵 (fuyuaoi, “Chinese mallow, Malva verticillata”) • For plant names: · アオイ: Synonym of 双葉葵 (futabaaoi, “Asarum caulescens”) • (heraldry) A design of mon using the image of Asarum caulescens. • A symbol for the Tokugawa shogunate. • One of the colour schemes used in Japanese traditional garment, with the outer layer in light blue color and the inner layer in light purple color; it is used in the fourth month of the lunar calendar. • (women's speech) soba ‖ a surname • a male or female given name • Aoi (a ward and neighborhood of Shizuoka, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan) • Aoi (neighborhoods in Japan): · The neighborhoods of Naka and Higashi, Nagoya and of Okazaki and Nishio; in Aichi Prefecture. • Aoi (neighborhoods in Japan): · A neighborhood of Okayama, Okayama Prefecture. • Aoi (neighborhoods in Japan): · A neighborhood of Izumisano, Osaka Prefecture. • Aoi (neighborhoods in Japan): · The neighborhoods of Kakegawa and Fukuroi, Shizuoka Prefecture. • Aoi (neighborhoods in Japan): · A neighborhood of Kurayoshi, Tottori Prefecture. • Aoi (neighborhoods in Japan): · A neighborhood of Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi Prefecture. • Aoi (neighborhoods in Japan): · A neighborhood of Wakayama, Wakayama Prefecture. ‖ an unknown-gender given name
|葵 • (gyu) · 葵 • (gyu) (hangeul 규, revised gyu, McCune–Reischauer kyu, Yale kyu)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : quỳ • Hán-Nôm : quỳu
|
|
|硼
|葵
|-
|-
|碉
|蒂
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : diu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiau
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *teːds) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 帝 (OC *teːɡs)
|room made of stone • pillbox; blockhouse
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dai³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tai³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tè
|peduncle or stem of plants
|
|
|
|
|蒂 • (che) · 蒂 • (che) (hangeul 체)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : đế
|
|
|碉 (điêu)
|蒂
|碉
|-
|-
|碩
|蒜
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄛˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sek⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si̍t
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sloːns) : semantic 艸 + phonetic 祘 (OC *sloːns). \ Matisoff considers this to be derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *swa-n (“garlic”), but more likely this may be a plant imported from the Western Regions in the Qin–Han era. The relatively late attestation and the earlier form of 卵蒜 (luǎnsuàn) attest to the latter theory. \ Compare Sanskrit लशुन (laśuna), Pali lasuṇa, lasuna. The Old Chinese reconstruction was revised to a *-or rhyme in the Baxter–Sagart system, akin to its homophone 算 (“to calculate”). Hence compare Persian سیر (sir, “garlic”), Khotanese sārmā- (“the plant Basella cordifolia or B. lucida or B. rubra”), Hungarian sárma (“Ornithogalum sp.”), as well as Turkish sarımsak, Mongolian саримс (sarims). \ Either way this word is cognate with the second syllable of Burmese ကြက်သွန် (krakswan, “onion”), ကြက်သွန်ဖြူ (krakswanhpru, “garlic”).
|large; big • great; eminent • beautiful; fine • firm; stable • Short for 碩士／硕士 (shuòshì, “master's degree”). • a surname
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sǹg • Middle-Chinese : swanH
|garlic
| ‖ 蒜(にんにく) or 蒜(ニンニク) • (ninniku) ‖ 蒜(ひる) • (hiru)
| ‖ garlic ‖ allium
|蒜 • (san) · 蒜 • (san) (hangeul 산, revised san, McCune–Reischauer san, Yale san)
|
|
|
|large • great • eminent
|碩 • (seok) · 碩 • (seok) (hangeul 석, revised seok, McCune–Reischauer sŏk, Yale sek)
|
|
|碩 (thạc, thượt)
|蒜
|碩
|-
|-
|碼
|蒲
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maa⁵ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄚˇㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bé • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bée • Hokkien · Tai-lo : má • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bā
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *baː) : semantic 艹 (“vegetation”) + phonetic 浦 (OC *pʰaːʔ). ‖ From the vernacular reading of 浮 (pou4).
|Used in 碼瑙／码瑙. • digit; number; code • (of shoes) number of size • (Cantonese, of clothing in general) size • yard (unit of length) • (computing) code • code, encoding of a Chinese character into the Latin alphabet • Classifier for things, matter. • (colloquial) to pile up • (nonstandard) kilometer per hour • (Mainland China, neologism) pixelization • (Mainland China, neologism) to reply to a post for reading it later • (Mainland China, neologism) to type a document
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pôo • Middle-Chinese : bu ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : pou⁴
|calamus; cattail • Short for 菖蒲 (chāngpú, “Acorus calamus”). • Short for 香蒲 (“Typha orientalis”). • Short for 蒲葵 (púkuí, “Livistona chinensis”). • Used in 蒲桃 (pútáo). • a surname ‖ (Hong Kong Cantonese) to appear • (Hong Kong Cantonese) to party; to leisure
| ‖ 蒲(がま) or 蒲(ガマ) • (gama)
|bulrush, reed ‖ common cattail, Typha latifolia
|蒲 • (po) · 蒲 • (po) (hangeul 포, revised po, McCune–Reischauer p'o, Yale pho)
|
|
|canonical : 蒲: Hán Việt readings: bồ 蒲: Hán Nôm readings: bồ • canonical : bù • canonical : mồ
|
|
|碼 • (ma) · 碼 • (ma) (hangeul 마)
|蒲
|-
|蒼
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰaːŋ, *sʰaːŋʔ) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 倉 (OC *sʰaːŋ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-riŋ ~ s-r(j)aŋ (“to live; to be alive; to give birth; raw; green”) (STEDT). May be an old dialect variant of 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ, “green; blue”). Also cognate with 生 (OC *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs, “to live”), 性 (OC *sleŋs, “nature”), 姓 (OC *sleŋs, “surname”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰaːŋ, *sʰaːŋʔ) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 倉 (OC *sʰaːŋ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-riŋ ~ s-r(j)aŋ (“to live; to be alive; to give birth; raw; green”) (STEDT). May be an old dialect variant of 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ, “green; blue”). Also cognate with 生 (OC *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs, “to live”), 性 (OC *sleŋs, “nature”), 姓 (OC *sleŋs, “surname”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshang • Middle-Chinese : tshang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cong² • Middle-Chinese : tshangX
|blue; green • white; greyish white ‖ Used in 蒼莽／苍莽 (cǎngmǎng, “boundless”).
|
|
|blue • green
|蒼 (eumhun 푸를 창 (pureul chang))
|green • blue • to grow thick
|Hán-Nôm : thương
|
|
|碼
|蒼
|-
|-
|磋
|蓉
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : co¹
| ‖
|(literal) to polish • ^⁜ (figurative) to deliberate
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiûnn • Middle-Chinese : yowng ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁴⁻²
|Used in 芙蓉 (fúróng) and 蓯蓉／苁蓉 (cōngróng). • Short for 蓉城 (Róngchéng). • (alt. form 茸) bits and pieces; food (especially lotus) that has been minced, shredded, or ground into a paste, suitable for use as a pastry filling or making a sauce ‖ (Cantonese) wonton noodle
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|
|
|
|磋 • (cha) · 磋 • (cha) (hangeul 차, revised cha, McCune–Reischauer ch'a, Yale cha)
|蓉 • (yong) · 蓉 • (yong) (hangeul 용, revised yong, McCune–Reischauer yong, Yale yong)
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|
|Hán-Nôm : dong • Hán-Nôm : rong • Hán-Nôm : dung
|
|
|磋
|蓉
|-
|-
|磐
|蓬
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puânn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phuân
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːŋ) : semantic 艸 (“vegetation”) + phonetic 逢 (OC *boŋ).
|large rock; boulder • stable; firm • Alternative form of 盤／盘 (pán, “to linger; to not move away”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pōng • Middle-Chinese : buwng
|type of raspberry • Korean mugwort (Artemisia princeps) • fleabane • disheveled • flourishing; vigorous • (colloquial) fluffy; soft • Classifier for clumps of items. • a surname
| ‖ 蓬(よもぎ) or 蓬(ヨモギ) • (yomogi)
|artemisia; mugwort, sagebrush, wormwood ‖ mugwort
|
|
|rock
|moxa, mugwort, wormwood
|磐 • (ban) · 磐 • (ban) (hangeul 반, revised ban, McCune–Reischauer pan, Yale pan)
|Hán-Nôm : bồng
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|
|
|蓬
|磐
|-
|蓮
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *renʔ, *reːn) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 連 (OC *ren). \ Related to 蕑 (OC *kreːn, “lotus seed”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nâi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nuî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lân • Middle-Chinese : len ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˇ • Middle-Chinese : ljenX
|lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) • (in compounds or archaic) A plant with lotus-like flowers or leaves, or another plant similar to such a plant • (Buddhism) Buddha's world; paradise ‖ Only used in 蓮勺／莲勺 (Liǎnzhuó).
| ‖ 蓮(はちす) • (hachisu) ‖ 蓮(はちす) • (Hachisu) ‖ 蓮(はす) or 蓮(ハス) • (hasu) ‖ 蓮(はす) • (Hasu) ‖ 蓮(れん) • (ren) ‖ 蓮(れん) • (Ren)
|lotus plant or flower, Nelumbo nucifera ‖ older name for hasu below: a lotus plant or flower, Nelumbo nucifera • (Buddhism, particularly Pure Land Buddhism) a lotus bloom in the realm of Sukhāvatī (“Land of Ultimate Bliss”), as an expression of reincarnation • alternate name for 木槿 (mukuge), Hibiscus syriacus: the rose of Sharon, rose mallow, or St. Joseph's rod ‖ the name of various places in Japan • a surname ‖ a lotus plant or flower ‖ a female given name • a surname ‖ a lotus plant or flower ‖ a female given name • a surname
|蓮 (eumhun 연꽃 련 (yeonkkot ryeon), word-initial (South Korea) 연꽃 연 (yeonkkot yeon))
|hanja form of 련/연 (“lotus”)
|Hán-Nôm : liên
|(only in compounds) lotus
|蓮
|-
|-
|磚
|蔓
|Cantonese · Jyutping : zyun¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuan
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *moːn, *mons) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 曼 (OC *moːn, *mons). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *moːn, *mons) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 曼 (OC *moːn, *mons).
|brick (Classifier: 塊／块 m) • tile; paving • (computing slang, figurative) brick (an electronic device, especially a heavy box-shaped one, that has become non-functional or obsolete)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄢˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : buān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : muā • Middle-Chinese : mjonH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bān • Middle-Chinese : man
|vine; creeper • to spread; to extend • a surname ‖ Only used in 蔓菁 (mánjing, “turnip”).
| ‖ 蔓(つる) • (tsuru)
|vine ‖ vine • intermediary • financial supporter
|蔓 • (man) · 蔓 • (man) (hangeul 만, revised man, McCune–Reischauer man, Yale man)
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|
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|
|磚 • (jeon) · 磚 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen)
|蔓 (mạn, mơn)
|蔓
|-
|蔗
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjaːɡs) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 庶 (OC *hljaɡs). \ See 藷蔗／薯蔗 (zhūzhè).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄜˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsià • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsà • Middle-Chinese : tsyaeH
|sugar cane
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|
|sugar cane
|蔗 • (ja) · 蔗 • (ja) (hangeul 자, revised ja, McCune–Reischauer cha, Yale ca)
|sugar cane
|Hán-Nôm : giá
|
|
|磚
|蔗
|-
|-
|磬
|蔚
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hing³
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *quds, *qud) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 尉 (OC *quds, *qud). \ Probably related to 鬱 (OC *qud, “a kind of fragrant herb”) (Unger, 1992). ‖ Cognate with 鬱 (OC *qud, “luxuriant; depressed”), 薈 (OC *qoːbs, “luxuriant”). Compare Thai โอบ (òop, “to cover up; to shut”), อุด (ùt, “to compress; to crowd in together”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Cognate with 鬱 (OC *qud, “luxuriant; depressed”), 薈 (OC *qoːbs, “luxuriant”). Compare Thai โอบ (òop, “to cover up; to shut”), อุด (ùt, “to compress; to crowd in together”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖
|stone chimes; sounding stone; qing • (Buddhism) inverted bell (a Buddhist percussion instrument)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai³ • Middle-Chinese : 'jw+jH • Middle-Chinese : 'jut ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uìnn • Middle-Chinese : 'jw+jH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wat¹ • Middle-Chinese : 'jut ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wat¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : Ut • Middle-Chinese : 'jut
|Artemisia japonica ‖ (literary, of vegetation) exuberant; luxuriant; lush • (literary) grand; magnificent • (literary) ornate; elaborate • (literary, of mist) permeating ‖ Alternative form of 鬱／郁 (yù, “depressed; pent-up”) ‖ a surname • Used in place names.
|
|
|upside-V-shaped gong
|磬 (eum 경 (gyeong))
|
|
|蔚 • (ul, wi) · 蔚 • (ul, wi) (hangeul 울, 위, revised ul, wi, McCune–Reischauer ul, wi, Yale wul, wi)
|
|
|磬
|canonical : 蔚: Hán Việt readings: uất • canonical : úy/uý
|
|蔚
|-
|-
|磯
|蔡
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ki
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰlaːds) : semantic 艸 (“vegetation”) + phonetic 祭 (OC *ʔsreːds, *ʔsleds).
|(obsolete, of waves) to pound against rocks • (obsolete, figurative) to enrage; to offend • rock jutting out of the water at the shore; rocky beach
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄞˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuà • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshài • Middle-Chinese : tshajH
|(obsolete) weed • (obsolete) tortoise used for divination • (～國) (historical) Cai (an ancient Chinese state) • a surname
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|
|seashore; rocky beach • rock; pebble
|磯 • (gi) · 磯 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki)
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|
|蔡 (eum 채 (chae)) · 蔡 (eum 살 (sal))
|
|
|磯
|Hán-Nôm : Thái
|
|蔡
|-
|-
|磴
|蕉
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dang³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tìng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄥ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄥ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsew) : semantic 艹 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 焦 (OC *ʔsew). ‖  ‖ For pronunciation and definitions of 蕉 – see 𣟼. \ (This character is a variant form of 𣟼). \ Onomatopoeic.
|(literary) stone steps on ledge, cliff, or hill • (literary) stone bridge with steps • stone bench; stone stool • Classifier for steps or rungs. ‖ to kick ‖ to increase; to grow
|Cantonese · Jyutping : ziu¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsio • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiau • Middle-Chinese : tsjew ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˊ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : ziu¹
|unsoaked hemp • abaca • banana; plantain (any plant in Musaceae, especially the edible fruit) (Classifier: 根 m; 串 m; 把 m; 條／条 c; 隻／只 c; 梳 c; 弓 mn) • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 憔 (qiáo, “haggard”) • Alternative form of 樵 (qiáo, “firewood”) ‖ (Cantonese, onomatopoeia) sound of firing a gun
|
|
|banana • plantain
|蕉 (eumhun 파초 초 (pacho cho))
|hanja form of 초 (“banana”)
|Hán-Nôm : tiêu
|
|
|磴 • (deung) · 磴 • (deung) (hangeul 등, revised deung, McCune–Reischauer tŭng, Yale tung)
|蕉
|-
|蕊
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋljolʔ, *ŋljulʔ) : semantic 艸 + phonetic 惢 (OC *sqʰloːlʔ, *sklol, *sɡlolʔ) \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(d/n)waj (“to hang from; to cling to; creeper”), whence Burmese နွယ် (nwai, “creeper”), Jingpho noi (“to hang”). Possibly related to 垂 (OC *djol, “to hang down”), 朵 (OC *toːlʔ, “hanging from a tree > flower”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jeoi⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jeoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luí • Middle-Chinese : nyweX • Middle-Chinese : nywijX
|(botany) stamen; gynoecium (reproductive organ of a flower) • flower bud • (Hokkien, Teochew, Taiwanese Hakka) Classifier for flowers and eyes.
|
|
|stamen • pistil
|蕊 (eumhun 꽃술 예 (kkotsul ye)) ‖ 蕊 (eumhun 모일 전 (moil jeon))
| ‖
|canonical : 蕊: Hán Việt readings: nhụy • canonical : nhuỵ • canonical : nhị 蕊: Nôm readings: nhụy • canonical : nhị
|
|
|磴
|蕊
|-
|-
|磺
|蕾
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : n̂g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uînn
|
|^⁜ (chemistry) sulfur, brimstone • (chemistry) sulfonyl
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lé • Middle-Chinese : lwojX
|bud (of a flower)
| ‖ 蕾(つぼみ) • (tsubomi)
| ‖ bud (of a flower)
|蕾 • (roe>noe) · 蕾 • (roe>noe) (hangeul 뢰>뇌, revised roe>noe, McCune–Reischauer roe>noe, Yale loy>noy)
|
|
|sulfur
|Hán-Nôm : lôi • Hán-Nôm : lỗi
|磺 • (gwang) · 磺 • (gwang) (hangeul 광, revised gwang, McCune–Reischauer kwang, Yale kwang)
|
|
|蕾
|-
|薇
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mrɯl, *mɯl) : semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 微 (OC *mɯl).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bî • Middle-Chinese : mij • Middle-Chinese : mj+j
|Osmunda regalis, a species of fern (also known as royal fern or flowering fern) • Used in 薔薇／蔷薇 (qiángwēi, “multiflora rose”).
| ‖ 薇(ぜんまい) or 薇(ゼンマイ) • (zenmai)
| ‖ Japanese flowering fern (Osmunda japonica), of which the young fiddleheads are edible
|薇 (eumhun 장미 미 (jangmi mi)) · 薇 (eumhun 고비 미 (gobi mi))
|hanja form of 미 (“rose”) • hanja form of 미 (“Osmunda japonica”)
|Hán-Nôm : vi
|
|
|磺
|薇
|-
|-
|礙
|薯
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gāi
|to obstruct; to hinder; to block; to deter • obstruction; hindrance
|
|
|obstruction
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsîr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsî • Middle-Chinese : dzyoH
|礙 • (ae) · 礙 • (ae) (hangeul 애, revised ae, McCune–Reischauer ae, Yale ay)
|(originally) Only used in 薯蕷／薯蓣 (shǔyù, “Chinese yam”). • General name for crops such as potato, sweet potato and yam.
|
|
|
|
|礙
|薯 • (seo) · 薯 • (seo) (hangeul 서, revised seo, McCune–Reischauer sŏ, Yale se)
|-
|礦
|Cantonese · Jyutping : kwong³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwong³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kong³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄤˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄥˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khǹg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khòng
|mineral deposit • ore • mine • a surname: Kuang
|
|
|Alternative form of 鉱: mineral
|Hán-Nôm : thự
|礦 • (gwang, hwang) · 礦 • (gwang, hwang) (hangeul 광, 황, revised gwang, hwang, McCune–Reischauer kwang, hwang, Yale kwang, hwang)
|mineral, ore
|
|
|礦
|薯
|-
|-
|礪
|藉
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lē ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : luè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lè
| ‖
|whetstone • to whet; to sharpen ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 鑢／𮣶 (“to rub; file (tool); to file”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ze⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ze³ • Middle-Chinese : dzjaeH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zik⁶ • Middle-Chinese : dzjek
|
|(obsolete) straw mat used to offer sacrifices • (literary) pad; mat • (literary) to spread; to lay out (a mat) • (archaic) to sit on; to lay on (a mat) • (alt. form 借) to rely on; to depend on; to lean on; by means of • (alt. form 借) to use as a pretext • (literary) even if ‖ numerous and disorderly • ^† to pay tribute • ^† Alternative form of 籍 (jí, “tax”) • ^† to tie using a rope • ^† to care for; to treasure • ^† Alternative form of 籍 (jí, “to record”) • ^† Alternative form of 籍 (jí, “to confiscate”) • a surname
|
|
|礪 • (ryeo>yeo) · 礪 • (ryeo>yeo) (hangeul 려>여, revised ryeo>yeo, McCune–Reischauer ryŏ>yŏ, Yale lye>ye)
|numerous and disorderly • to pay tribute • to borrow
|藉 • (ja, jeok) · 藉 • (ja, jeok) (hangeul 자, 적, revised ja, jeok, McCune–Reischauer cha, chŏk, Yale ca, cek)
|
|
|canonical : 藉: Hán Việt readings: tạ • canonical : tịch • canonical : tá 藉: Nôm readings: tạ • canonical : tã • canonical : chạ
|
|
|礪
|藉
|-
|-
|礫
|藍
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lik¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lik⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : li̍k ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˋ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·raːm) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-ram (“indigo”); cognate with Lepcha ᰛᰤᰨᰮ (ryom), Mru [script needed] (charam), Tibetan རམས (rams, “indigo”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007; Hill, 2019). However, Laufer (1916) considers the Tibetan word to be borrowed from Chinese. \ Schuessler (2007) considers this an areal word, possibly from Southeast Asia; cf. Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taʀum (“indigo plant and dye”) (> Malay tarum).
|gravel; pebbles; potsherds ‖ Only used in 卓礫／卓砾. ‖ ^‡ Appearance of white stones/rocks.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lâm • Middle-Chinese : lam
| ‖ 礫(れき) • (reki) ‖ 礫(つぶて) • (tsubute) ‖ 礫(つぶて) • (Tsubute) ‖ 礫(たぶて) • (tabute) ‖ 礫(こいし) • (koishi) ‖ 礫(たびいし) • (tabiishi)
|blue • indigo plant (Indigofera tinctoria) • (politics) related to the pro-unification pan-Blue coalition of Taiwan • (HK politics) supportive of the Hong Kong Police Force and the Hong Kong government • (literary) Short for 伽藍／伽蓝 (qiélán, “Buddhist temple”). • a surname: Lan
|pebble, stone ‖ a small stone or pebble, especially one used for throwing • gravel ‖ a small stone or pebble, especially one used for throwing ‖ a place name ‖ (obsolete) a small stone or pebble, especially one used for throwing ‖ Alternative spelling of 小石 (koishi): a small stone or pebble ‖ a small stone or pebble, especially one used for throwing
| ‖ 藍(あい) or 藍(アイ) • (ai) ^(←あゐ (awi) or アヰ (awi)?) ‖ 藍(あい) • (Ai) ^(←あゐ (awi)?)
|礫 (eumhun 조약돌 력 (joyakdol ryeok), South Korea 조약돌 역 (joyakdol yeok))
|the Japanese indigo or Chinese indigo plant, Persicaria tinctoria • the color indigo • kanji used to transliterate Buddhist terms borrowed from Sanskrit ‖ the Japanese indigo or Chinese indigo plant, Persicaria tinctoria • the color indigo, from the dye processed from the stems and leaves of various indigo plants • Short for 藍蝋 (airō): indigo pigment made from boiled-down indigo dye liquid ‖ a female given name • a surname
|Hanja form of 력/역 (“pebble”).
|藍 • (ram>nam) · 藍 • (ram>nam) (hangeul 람>남, McCune–Reischauer ram>nam, Yale lam>nam) ‖  ‖
| ‖  ‖
|Hán-Nôm : lam • Hán-Nôm : chàm • Hán-Nôm : rôm • Hán-Nôm : rườm • Hán-Nôm : trôm • Hán-Nôm : xám
|
|
|礫
|藍
|-
|-
|礬
|藕
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : faan⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : faan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huân
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋoːʔ) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 耦 (OC *ŋoːʔ).
|alum
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄡˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngǎu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gió • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngóo • Middle-Chinese : nguwX
|(lotus) root • a surname
|
|
|lotus • lotus root • arrowroot
|藕 • (u) · 藕 • (u) (hangeul 우, revised u, McCune–Reischauer u, Yale wu)
|
|
|礬 • (ban) · 礬 • (ban) (hangeul 반)
|Hán-Nôm : ngó • Hán-Nôm : ngẫu
|
|
|藕
|-
|藝
|Originally written as 埶 (OC *ŋeds). The 艸 (“grass; plant”) and 云 were added later.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : guē • Middle-Chinese : ngjiejH
|art • skill; talent • (literary) limit; bound; norm • (literary) to plant; to grow
|
|
|礬
|technique, art, craft, performance
|藝 (eumhun 재주 예 (jaeju ye))
|hanja form of 예 (“art, craft, technique, performance”)
|canonical : 藝: Hán Việt readings: nghệ • canonical : vân 藝: Nôm readings: nghế • canonical : vân • canonical : nghề • canonical : nghệ ‖ romanization : nghệ ‖ romanization : nghề
| ‖ chữ Hán form of nghệ (“occupation, employment, trade, profession”). ‖ Nôm form of nghề (“trade; profession”).
|藝
|-
|-
|礼
|藥
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lawɢ) : semantic 艹 (“grass”) + phonetic 樂 (OC *ŋraːwɢs, *raːwɢ, *ŋraːwɢ). \ According to Schuessler (2007), either: \ * related to Mizo hlo (“a weed, drug, medicine”), or \ * cognate to 療 (OC *rews, “to treat, to cure”), thus beloning to the same word family as 瀹 (OC *lowɢ), 爍 (OC *qʰljawɢ). ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : io̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : io̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia̍k • Middle-Chinese : yak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄛˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩㄝˋ
|medicine; drug; pharmaceutical • substance used for a particular purpose (e.g. poisoning, fermenting, explosion) • Short for 芍藥／芍药 (sháoyao). • to treat; to cure • to poison • a surname ‖ Only used in 灼藥／灼药 (zhuóshuò). ‖ Only used in 勺藥／勺药 (zhuólüè).
|
|
|Kyūjitai form of 薬: a medicine, a drug.
|藥 (eumhun 약 약 (yak yak))
|hanja form of 약 (“medicine; drug”)
|canonical : 藥: Hán Việt readings: dược 藥: Nôm readings: dược • canonical : thuốc
|
|
| ‖ 礼(れい) • (rei)
|藥
|manners; etiquette ‖ a bow, the gesture of bending at the waist • an expression of thanks or gratitude
|礼 (eum 례 (rye), South Korea 예 (ye))
|Alternative form of 禮
|Alternative form of 禮
|礼
|-
|-
|祁
|藩
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kî ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˇ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pan, *ban) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 潘 (OC *pʰaːn) ‖
|great • (～縣) Qi County (a county of Jinzhong, Shanxi, China) • Short for 祁門／祁门 (Qímén). • Short for 祁陽／祁阳 (Qíyáng). • ^‡ numerous; ample; abundant • a surname ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄢ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : faan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phuan • Middle-Chinese : pjon ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄢˊ • Middle-Chinese : bjon
|fence • (literary) boundary; border • vassal state • a surname ‖
| ‖ 藩(はん) • (-han)
| ‖ fiefdom, domain
|藩 • (beon) · 藩 • (beon) (hangeul 번, revised beon, McCune–Reischauer pŏn, Yale pen)
|fence, hedge • margin, boundary, border • marquisate • defence
|Hán-Nôm : phiên • Hán-Nôm : phen • Hán-Nôm : phiền • Hán-Nôm : phồn • Hán-Nôm : phên
|
|
|藩
|-
|蘇
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sŋaː) : semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 穌 (OC *sŋaː). \ ; Cantonese "socket"
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : soo • Middle-Chinese : su
|perilla (Perilla frutescens) • firewood • to reap grass • to take; to get • tassel • (Cantonese) socket • Short for 江蘇／江苏 (Jiāngsū, “Jiangsu Province”). • Short for 蘇州／苏州 (Sūzhōu, “Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province”). • Short for 蘇維埃／苏维埃 (sūwéi'āi, “soviet”). • Short for 蘇聯／苏联 (Sūlián, “Soviet Union”). • Short for 蘇格蘭／苏格兰 (Sūgélán, “Scotland”). • Alternative form of 甦／苏 (sū, “to revive; to regain consciousness”) • a surname
| ‖ 蘇(そ) • (so) ‖ 蘇(そ) • (So)
|be resurrected, revived • perilla, shiso • kanji used to transliterate borrowings from foreign languages • Soviet Union ‖ Alternative spelling of 酥 (so): condensed milk ‖ a surname
|蘇 • (so) · 蘇 • (so) (hangeul 소)
|
|
|祁 • (gi) · 祁 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki)
|Hán-Nôm : tô • Hán-Nôm : to • Hán-Nôm : su • Hán-Nôm : tua
|
|
|chữ Hán form of Kì (“a surname”).
|蘇
|祁
|-
|-
|祆
|蘑
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hin¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hian
|Ahura Mazda, god of the Zoroastrians
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : môo
|type of edible mushroom
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|祆
|Hán-Nôm : ma
|
|蘑
|-
|-
|祇
|蘭
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kî
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·raːn) : semantic 艹 (“plant”) + phonetic 闌 (OC *ɡ·raːn).
|earth spirit • big • to feel relieved; to be at ease • this
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lân • Middle-Chinese : lan
|orchid, especially cymbidium • Eupatorium fortunei • (in compounds) A plant that is fragrant or shares morphological similarities with orchids or Eupatorium fortunei • elegant; graceful • Short for 蘭州／兰州 (Lánzhōu, “Lanzhou”). • a surname • Used in transcription. Often used for -land in foreign place names.
| ‖ 蘭(らん) or 蘭(ラン) • (ran) ‖ 蘭(らん) • (Ran) ‖ 蘭(らに) • (rani) ‖ 蘭(あららぎ) or 蘭(アララギ) • (araragi) ‖ 蘭(あららぎ) • (Araragi)
|Eupatorium fortunei • orchid • aromatic, fragrant • government office that handles documents • kanji used to transliterate borrowings from foreign languages, especially Buddhist terms from Sanskrit • Short for 阿蘭陀, 和蘭, 和蘭陀 (Oranda): Holland, the Netherlands ‖ an orchid • a style of 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”), featuring designs of orchid flowers and/or leaves • (archaic) Synonym of 藤袴 (fujibakama): Eupatorium fortunei, a type of flower of the family Asteraceae ‖ Short for 阿蘭陀, 和蘭, 和蘭陀 (Oranda): Holland, the Netherlands, Dutch • a female given name • a surname ‖ (archaic) Synonym of 藤袴 (fujibakama): Eupatorium fortunei, a type of flower of the family Asteraceae ‖ Synonym of 一位 (ichii): Taxus cuspidata, the Japanese yew • (archaic) Synonym of 野蒜 (nobiru): Allium macrostemon, a species of wild onion ‖ a surname
|蘭 (eumhun 란초 란 (rancho ran), word-initial (South Korea) 란초 난 (rancho nan)) · 蘭 (eumhun 난초 란 (nancho ran), word-initial (South Korea) 난초 난 (nancho nan))
|hanja form of 란 (“orchid”) • hanja form of 난 (“orchid (South Korea)”)
|Hán-Nôm : lan • Hán-Nôm : lơn
|
|
|蘭
|-
|處
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰljaʔ, *kʰljas) : phonetic 虍 (OC *qʰaː) + semantic 夂 + semantic 几 (“table”). \ In Starostin, this is reconstructed as *thaʔ in Old Chinese and subsumed under Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dhăH (/*thăH) (“to put; to place”), whence also 署 (OC *djas, “to place; to position”), Tibetan གདའ (gda', “to be; to be there”), གདན (gdan, “seat; residence”) and Burmese ထား (hta:, “to put; to place”). \ With the original *–l– initial, compare Proto-Tamangic *ᴮglaː/ᴬglaː (“place”), Mizo tla, tlat (“to be; to exist; to live; to remain”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ 居 (OC *kɯ, *kas) may be related (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰljaʔ, *kʰljas) : phonetic 虍 (OC *qʰaː) + semantic 夂 + semantic 几 (“table”). \ In Starostin, this is reconstructed as *thaʔ in Old Chinese and subsumed under Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dhăH (/*thăH) (“to put; to place”), whence also 署 (OC *djas, “to place; to position”), Tibetan གདའ (gda', “to be; to be there”), གདན (gdan, “seat; residence”) and Burmese ထား (hta:, “to put; to place”). \ With the original *–l– initial, compare Proto-Tamangic *ᴮglaː/ᴬglaː (“place”), Mizo tla, tlat (“to be; to exist; to live; to remain”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ 居 (OC *kɯ, *kas) may be related (Schuessler, 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshù • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshìr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshì • Middle-Chinese : tsyhoX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshù • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshìr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshì • Middle-Chinese : tsyhoH
|to reside; to live; to dwell • to be situated in; to be in • staying at home; not assuming a government position, or not married • virginity; chastity • to manage; to deal with • to punish; to discipline • to get along with • (obsolete) to stop; to disappear; to cease • a surname ‖ place; location; spot • part; aspect; respect • department; office • Classifier for locations or items of damage. • (Cantonese, slightly dated) here
|
|
|祇 • (gi, ji) · 祇 • (gi, ji) (hangeul 기, 지, revised gi, ji, McCune–Reischauer ki, chi, Yale ki, ci)
|place • locale • department
|處 • (cheo) · 處 • (cheo) (hangeul 처, revised cheo, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏ, Yale che)
|place • locate • stop
|Hán-Nôm : xử • Hán-Nôm : xớ • Hán-Nôm : xở • Hán-Nôm : xứ
|
|
|處
|-
|虛
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰa, *qʰa) : phonetic 虍 (OC *qʰaː) + semantic 丘 (“hill”). The lower component retains the shape of 丠, the ancient form of 丘.
|Cantonese · Jyutping : heoi¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hir • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hi • Middle-Chinese : xjo • Middle-Chinese : khjo
|empty; hollow • false; worthless; vain • (astronomy) Emptiness, a Chinese constellation near Aquarius and Equuleus
|
|emptiness, void • falsehood, lie
|虛 • (heo) · 虛 • (heo) (hangeul 허, revised heo, McCune–Reischauer hŏ, Yale he)
|
|Hán-Nôm : hư
|
|
|祇
|虛
|-
|-
|祐
|虜
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iū
|(of divinity) to assist; to bless; to protect • Alternative form of 佑 (yòu, “to assist”) • a surname
| ‖ 祐(ゆう) • (Yū) ^(←いう (iu)?) ‖ 祐(ひろし) • (Hiroshi)
|divine help, divine protection ‖ a surname • a male or female given name ‖ a male given name
|祐 • (u) · 祐 • (u) (hangeul 우, revised u, McCune–Reischauer u, Yale wu)
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lóo • Middle-Chinese : luX
|to capture; to imprison • to plunder; to rob • captive; prisoner of war • (literary, derogatory) enemy • (literary, derogatory) northern barbarian • (literary) slave; servant
| ‖ 虜(とりこ) • (toriko)
| ‖ prisoner, captive, slave
|虜 (eumhun 사로잡을 로 (sarojabeul ro), word-initial (South Korea) 사로잡을 노 (sarojabeul no))
|hanja form of 로/노 (“to capture”)
|canonical : 虜: Hán Việt readings: lỗ 虜: Nôm readings: lũ
|
|
|祐
|虜
|-
|-
|祗
|虞
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsi
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋʷa) : semantic 虍 (“tiger”) + phonetic 吳 (OC *ŋʷaː).
|(literary) to respect; to look up to; to revere
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gû • Middle-Chinese : ngju
|(obsolete) zouyu, an ancient legendary creature, also known as 騶虞／驺虞 (zōuyú) • (historical) an ancient officer in charge of managing forests and hunting grounds • (literary) to predict; to guess; to foresee • (literary) to be concerned about; to worry • (literary) to deceive; to fool; to cheat • Alternative form of 娛／娱 (“enjoyment; pleasure”) • a legendary ancient Chinese dynasty that could have existed prior to the Xia dynasty, founded by Shun • an ancient state during the Western Zhou and the Spring and Autumn period, located in modern-day Pinglu County, Shanxi • (～日) (telegraphy) the seventh day of a month • a surname
| ‖ 虞(ぐ) • (Gu)
|to worry, to fear ‖ Yu (a legendary ancient Chinese dynasty, founded by Shun) • A surname in Chinese
|虞 (eumhun 염려할 우 (yeomnyeohal u))
|hanja form of 우 (“to worry”)
|Hán-Nôm : ngu
|
|
|to respect; to look up to • earnestly; just
|虞
|祗 (eumhun 공경(恭敬)할 지 (gonggyeonghal ji))
|-
|號
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɦlaːw, *ɦlaːws) : phonetic 号 (OC *ɦlaːws) + semantic 虎. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)aw (“to call”) (Schuessler, 2007, STEDT). Compare Kinnauri ku, Anong go, and Burmese ခေါ် (hkau). The extension of the meaning ‘shout, call’ to ‘ask, request’ is parallel to 呼 (hū). \ Pronunciation 1 is the exopassive derivation of pronunciation 2, literally "what is called". ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɦlaːw, *ɦlaːws) : phonetic 号 (OC *ɦlaːws) + semantic 虎. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)aw (“to call”) (Schuessler, 2007, STEDT). Compare Kinnauri ku, Anong go, and Burmese ခေါ် (hkau). The extension of the meaning ‘shout, call’ to ‘ask, request’ is parallel to 呼 (hū). \ Pronunciation 1 is the exopassive derivation of pronunciation 2, literally "what is called".
|Cantonese · Jyutping : hou⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hō • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hōo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kō • Middle-Chinese : hawH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : âu • Middle-Chinese : haw
|name; alias • (specifically) art name • to order; to command • shop; store • mark; symbol • number • day of the month • (music) brass instrument • (typography) hao • (Internet) account • (Central Plains and Lanyin Mandarin, Sichuanese) to correct; to mark (school work) ‖ to shout; to bawl; to cry loudly • (of animal) to roar • to cry (to shed a tear) (loudly) • (of wind) to howl; to roar
| ‖ 號(ごう) • (-gō)
| ‖ ordinal marker
|號 (eumhun 이름 호 (ireum ho)) ‖ 號 (eumhun 부르짖을 호 (bureujijeul ho))
|hanja form of 호 (“name; alias”) • hanja form of 호 (“order; command”) • hanja form of 호 (“number”) • hanja form of 호 (“mark; symbol”) • hanja form of 호 (“art name”) ‖ hanja form of 호 (“shout; cry”)
|Hán-Nôm : hào • Hán-Nôm : hiệu • Hán-Nôm : hiều
|
|
|
|號
|祗
|-
|-
|祚
|蚌
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zou⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsōo
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄤˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pong⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pǎng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pāng • Middle-Chinese : baewngX
|common name for some bivalve molluscs • (obsolete) pearl • Short for 蚌埠 (Bèngbù, “Bengbu”).
|
|
|
|
|祚 • (jo) · 祚 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho, Yale co)
|蚌 • (bang) · 蚌 • (bang) (hangeul 방, revised bang, McCune–Reischauer pang, Yale pang)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : bạng
|
|
|祚
|蚌
|-
|-
|祺
|蚓
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kî
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *linʔ) : semantic 虫 (“insect; worm”) + phonetic 引 (OC *linʔ, *lins). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *zril (“worm”); cognate with Tibetan སྲིལ (sril, “silkworm”), Japhug qandʐe (“earthworm”) (STEDT; Paul, 1972; Schuessler, 2007; Zhang, Jacques and Lai, 2019).
|auspicious; propitious • good luck; felicity
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ún • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ín • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kún • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kín • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lún • Middle-Chinese : yinX
|(biology or in fossilized compounds or dialectal) earthworm
|
|
|earthworm
|蚓 • (in) · 蚓 • (in) (hangeul 인, revised in, McCune–Reischauer in, Yale in)
|(지렁이) earthworm, rainworm
|
|
|祺 • (gi) · 祺 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki)
|
|
|
|蚓
|祺
|-
|-
|禅
|蚣
|
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kloːŋ, *kljoŋ) : semantic 虫 (“insect; creature”) + phonetic 公 (OC *kloːŋ). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kong • Middle-Chinese : kuwng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄥ • Middle-Chinese : tsyowng
|Only used in 蜈蚣 (wúgōng) and its regional synonyms. ‖ Used in compounds.
|
|
| ‖ 禅(ぜん) • (zen) ‖ 禅(ぜん) • (Zen)
|centipede • grasshopper
|Chinese emperor sacrifice ceremony • Chinese emperor abdicating the throne • meditative concentration • dhyana, Zen Buddhism ‖ (Buddhism) dhyana-samadhi: • (Buddhism) the disciplines and doctrine of Zen Buddhism • Short for 座禅 (zazen): a sitting position in a Zen meditation ‖ (Buddhism) Short for 禅宗 (Zenshū): Zen Buddhism • a surname
|蚣 • (gong) · 蚣 • (gong) (hangeul 공, revised gong, McCune–Reischauer kong, Yale kong)
|禅 • (seon) · 禅 • (seon) (hangeul 선, revised seon, McCune–Reischauer sŏn, Yale sen)
|Zen
|
|
|禅
|-
|禎
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zing¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsing
|lucky; auspicious • good omen
|
|
|(さいわい) divine grace • (さいわい) auspicious • (ただしい) straight, unwarped
|禎 • (jeong) · 禎 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng, Yale ceng)
|
|
|
|蚣
|禎
|-
|-
|禦
|蚤
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gīr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gī
|Characters in the same phonetic series (蚤) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 虫 (“insect”) + 㕚 (“claw”) – a scratching insect/pest.
|to defend, to resist, to hold out against
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zou² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsáu • Middle-Chinese : tsawX
|flea • Alternative form of 早
|
|
|
|
|禦 (eum 어 (eo))
|蚤 (eum 조 (jo))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tao
|
|
|禦
|蚤
|-
|-
|禧
|蚪
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hei¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hei² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hi
|favourable luck; good fortune; auspiciousness; blessings
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄡˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tió • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tóo • Middle-Chinese : tuwX
|Used in 蝌蚪 (kēdǒu).
|
|
|禧 • (hui) · 禧 • (hui) (hangeul 희, revised hui, McCune–Reischauer hŭi, Yale huy)
|
|
|蚪 • (du) · 蚪 • (du) (hangeul 두, revised du, McCune–Reischauer tu, Yale twu)
|
|
|禧
|-
|禱
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tou² • Cantonese · Jyutping : dou² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tó • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tóo
|to pray
|
|
|pray • entreat • beg • plead • prayer
|禱 • (do) · 禱 • (do) (hangeul 도, revised do, McCune–Reischauer to, Yale to)
|to pray
|
|
|禱
|蚪
|-
|-
|禿
|蚯
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tuk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thu̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thut
|(of a person's scalp) having little or no hair; bald • (of a mountain, vegetation, etc.) bare; barren; stripped • (of a tool) blunt • (of a work) unfinished; unsatisfactory
| ‖ 禿(はげ) • (hage) ‖ 禿(かむろ) • (kamuro) ‖ 禿(かぶろ) • (kaburo) ‖ 禿(とく) • (toku) ‖ 禿(はげ) • (Hage)
| ‖ baldness • treelessness ‖ bobbed hair • baldness • young girl attendant of a high-class prostitute ‖ bobbed hair • baldness • young girl attendant of a high-class prostitute ‖ bald ‖ (Internet slang, sometimes derogatory, sometimes offensive) SoftBank (telecommunications company based in Japan) • (Internet slang, sometimes derogatory, sometimes offensive) Masayoshi Son
|禿 • (dok) · 禿 • (dok) (hangeul 독, revised dok, McCune–Reischauer tok, Yale tok)
|Bald
|
|
|禿
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiu • Middle-Chinese : khjuw
|-
|Only used in 蚯蚓 (qiūyǐn, “earthworm”).
|秘
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bai³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pì
|secret; undisclosed; confidential • mysterious; abstruse • rare; scarce; extraordinary • to keep as a secret • to block • Short for 秘書／秘书 (mìshū, “secretary”). • Short for 秘魯／秘鲁 (Bìlǔ, “Peru”). • a surname
|
|
|secret; confidential
|earthworm
|秘 • (bi) · 秘 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi, Yale pi)
|蚯 • (gu) · 蚯 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu)
|(지렁이) earthworm, rainworm
|
|
|
|
|秘
|蚯
|-
|-
|秣
|蛀
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mut³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mut⁶
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjos) : semantic 虫 + phonetic 主 (OC *tjoʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyu³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsù • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiù • Middle-Chinese : tsyuH
|insect that eats through paper, clothes, wood, grains etc. (e.g. moth, silverfish, etc.) • (of insects) to eat through
|
|
|
|
|feed • fodder
|蛀 • (ju) · 蛀 • (ju) (hangeul 주, revised ju, McCune–Reischauer chu, Yale cwu)
|秣 • (mal) · 秣 • (mal) (hangeul 말, revised mal, McCune–Reischauer mal, Yale mal)
|
|
|
|
|秣
|
|蛀
|-
|-
|称
|蛋
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'aːns) : phonetic 延 (OC *lan, *lans) + semantic 虫 (“snake, insect”). 延 is abbreviated to 疋. \ From 彈 (MC danH, “pellet”) (Zhengzhang, 2003). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tān ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuann
|egg (Classifier: 顆／颗 m; 隻／只 c) • egg-shaped object • (slang) ball; testicle • suffix denoting “person of certain characteristics”, usually with a pejorative tone • (Hong Kong Cantonese) zero score; goose egg • Alternative form of 蜑 (dàn) ‖ (Southern Min) unlaid egg of a fowl
|
|
|(uncommon) an egg
|蛋 • (dan) · 蛋 • (dan) (hangeul 단)
|
|
| ‖ 称(しょう) • (shō)
|Hán-Nôm : đản
|appellation • praise ‖ name; reputation
|称 • (ching) · 称 • (ching) (hangeul 칭, revised ching, McCune–Reischauer ch'ing, Yale ching)
|
|
|
|蛋
|称
|-
|-
|稈
|蛙
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gon² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuínn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuáinn
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʷraː, *qʷreː) : semantic 虫 (“insect; creature”) + phonetic 圭 (OC *kʷeː). \ Onomatopoeic (Sagart and Ma, 2020). Also compare Proto-Tai *krweːᴬ (“small frog”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖
|stalk (of grain); straw
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ua • Middle-Chinese : 'wea • Middle-Chinese : 'wae ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ
| ‖ 稈(かん) • (kan)
|frog • (swimming) Short for 蛙泳 (wāyǒng, “breaststroke”). ‖ Only used in 蝭蛙.
|dried up stalk • straw ‖ (botany) culm
| ‖ 蛙(かえる) or 蛙(カエル) • (kaeru) ^(←かへる (kaferu)?) ‖ 蛙(かわず) • (kawazu) ^(←かはづ (kafadu)?) ‖ 蛙(かいる) • (kairu) ‖ 蛙(あ) • (a)
|稈 (eum 간 (gan))
| ‖ a frog (amphibious animal) ‖ (poetic) a frog (amphibious animal) • (Noh theater) a specific mask used in certain Noh plays, depicting a drowned person ‖ (archaic, possibly obsolete) a frog (amphibious animal) ‖ frog (amphibious animal)
|蛙 • (wa, wae) · 蛙 • (wa, wae) (hangeul 와, 왜, revised wa, wae, McCune–Reischauer wa, wae, Yale wa, way)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : oa
|
|
|稈
|蛙
|-
|-
|稔
|蛛
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jam⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nam⁵ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : nim¹
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *to) : semantic 虫 (“insect”) + phonetic 朱 (OC *tjo). Originally a pictogram (象形) of a spider. Later, 朱 was added to the pictograph to indicate sound. In small seal script, the character became written as the characters 鼄／𬹣 and 蛛.
|year • (of crops, grains) to ripen; ripe; mature; fully-grown • Classifier for number of crops grown in a year: crop; harvest • to accumulate in the course of time; to collect; to pile up • to be familiar with; to know • usually; normally • beautiful • Alternative form of 飪／饪 (rèn, “to steam (till cooked)”) ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 棯 (nim1, “rose myrtle”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsu • Middle-Chinese : trju
| ‖ 稔(みのる) • (Minoru)
|Used in 蜘蛛 (zhīzhū, “spider”); also used as its short form.
| ‖ a male given name
|稔 • (im, yeom) · 稔 • (im, yeom) (hangeul 임, 염, revised im, yeom, McCune–Reischauer im, yŏm, Yale im, yem)
|
|
|
|稔
|spider
|蛛 • (ju) · 蛛 • (ju) (hangeul 주, revised ju, McCune–Reischauer chu, Yale cwu)
|spider
|Hán-Nôm : chu • Hán-Nôm : châu • Hán-Nôm : chẫu • Hán-Nôm : thù
|spider
|蛛
|-
|-
|稜
|蛤
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄥˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līng
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kuːb) : semantic 虫 + phonetic 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb). \ Cognate with 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb, “to be together”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖  ‖ From Hokkien 哈 (hâⁿ) or 唅 (hahⁿ). ‖ Compare Proto-Tai *kɤpᴰ (“frog”), whence Thai กบ (gòp), Lao ກົບ (kop), Zhuang goep, Shan ၵူပ်း (kúup), Ahom 𑜀𑜤𑜆𑜫 (kup).
|arris; edge; corner • corrugation; ridge on an object • prestige; might
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gap³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaap³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kap • Middle-Chinese : kop ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haa⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄚˊ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : gap³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaap³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gap¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kap
|clam ‖ Only used in 蛤蟆 (háma); also used as its short form. frog; toad • (Mainland China, Internet slang) Nickname of Jiang Zemin in Moha culture. • (Mainland China, Internet slang) Alternative form of 哈 (“ha; huh”) (especially used in Moha culture.) ‖ (Taiwan, chiefly Internet) Used to indicate doubt or questioning. what?, huh?, eh ‖ (dialectal) frog
| ‖ 蛤(はまぐり) or 蛤(ハマグリ) • (hamaguri)
| ‖ clam
|蛤 • (hap) · 蛤 • (hap) (hangeul 합, revised hap, McCune–Reischauer hap, Yale hap)
|
|
|angle • edge
|Hán-Nôm : cáp
|稜 • (reung>neung) · 稜 • (reung>neung) (hangeul 릉>능, revised reung>neung, McCune–Reischauer rŭng>nŭng, Yale lung>nung)
|
|
|
|蛤
|稜
|-
|蛾
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːl, *ŋralʔ) : semantic 虫 (“insect”) + phonetic 我 (OC *ŋaːlʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngo⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia̍h • Middle-Chinese : nga
|moth (insect of the order Lepidoptera) • Short for 蛾眉 (éméi). • a surname
| ‖ 蛾(が) or 蛾(ガ) • (ga)
| ‖ a moth (insect similar to a butterfly)
|蛾 • (a) · 蛾 • (a) (hangeul 아, revised a, McCune–Reischauer a, Yale a)
|moth
|canonical : 蛾: Hán Việt readings: nga 蛾: Nôm readings: ngài
|Alternative form of 𧍋 (“Nôm form of ngài (“moth”).”)
|蛾
|-
|-
|稟
|蜀
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄥˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ban² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pín • Hokkien · Tai-lo : píng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lam⁵
|Shuowen Jiezi interprets this as a pictograph of a silkworm: with 目 (mù, “eye”) depicting its head above its wriggling body; cf. 蠶叢／蚕丛 (“silkworm-thicket”), legendary inventor of silk and sericulture and ancestor of the first dynasty of the Shu kings. ‖ Compare 獨／独 (dú, “single, alone”). According to Fangyan, it is used in the ancient Chu language (楚語): \ : \ 一，蜀也。南楚謂之蜀。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]一，蜀也。南楚谓之蜀。 [Classical Chinese, simp.] \ From: Yang Xiong, Fangyan, c. 1ˢᵗ century BCE \ Yī, shǔ yě. Nánchǔ wèi zhī shǔ. [Pinyin] \ 一 is 蜀. People from Southern Chu call it 蜀.
|to bestow; to endow • to receive • to report (to one's superior) ‖ Alternative form of 廩／廪 (“granary; barn”) • Alternative form of 懍／懔 (lǐn, “to fear; to venerate”)
|Cantonese · Jyutping : suk⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sio̍k • Middle-Chinese : dzyowk ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsi̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tse̍t
|
|(～國) the name of a state in ancient China • another name for Shu Han, one of Three Kingdoms • Sichuan (a province of China) • ^‡ silkworm on hollyhock • ^† Alternative form of 蠋 (zhú, “caterpillar”) ‖ (Min) Alternative form of 一 (“one”)
|receive • report, petition
| ‖ 蜀(しょく) • (Shoku) ^(←しよく (syoku)?)
|稟 • (pum, reum) · 稟 • (pum, reum) (hangeul 품, 름, revised pum, reum, McCune–Reischauer p'um, rŭm, Yale phum, rum)
|green caterpillar • Sichuan ‖ Shu (a former state and former dynasty in ancient China)
|蜀 (eumhun 나라 이름 촉 (nara ireum chok))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : xọc • Hán-Nôm : thục
|
|
|稟
|蜀
|-
|-
|稷
|蜈
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsik
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋʷaː) : semantic 虫 (“insect”) + phonetic 吳 (OC *ŋʷaː).
|foxtail millet (Setaria italica) • God of cereals • † minister of agriculture
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ng⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : giâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gôo • Middle-Chinese : ngu
| ‖ 稷(きび) or 稷(キビ) • (kibi)
|Only used in 蜈蚣 (wúgōng, “centipede”).
| ‖ Alternative form of 黍
|稷 • (jik) · 稷 • (jik) (hangeul 직, revised jik, McCune–Reischauer chik, Yale cik)
|
|
|
|
|稷
|蜈 • (o) · 蜈 • (o) (hangeul 오, revised o, McCune–Reischauer o, Yale o)
|-
|穆
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : muk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bo̍k
|standing grain • (historical) the right side position of tablets in ancestral shrines • (figurative) right side • reverent; respectful • magnificent and beautiful; majestic • solemn; solemnly silent • calm; mild; gentle • harmonious; peaceful • pure; honest • profound and lasting; far-reaching • Short for 穆罕默德 (Mùhǎnmòdé, “Muhammad”). • Short for 穆斯林 (mùsīlín, “Muslim”). • a surname
|
|
|
|
|穆 • (mok) · 穆 • (mok) (hangeul 목, revised mok, McCune–Reischauer mok, Yale mok)
|
|
|蜈
|-
|蜓
|
|
|穆
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄥˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ting⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tîng • Middle-Chinese : denX • Middle-Chinese : deng • Middle-Chinese : dengX
|-
|Used in compounds.
|穌
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sou¹
|Alternative form of 蘇／苏 (sū, “perilla; tassel”) • Alternative form of 甦／苏 (sū, “revive; resuscitate; regain consciousness”) • Used in transcription.
|
|
|Rare spelling of 蘇: revive, rise again • collect
|穌 • (so) · 穌 • (so) (hangeul 소, revised so, McCune–Reischauer so, Yale so)
|
|
|
|
|穌
|-
|穎
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wing⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : íng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ínn
|ear of grain • tip • clever; gifted
| ‖
|heads of grain • cleverness ‖
|穎 • (yeong) · 穎 • (yeong) (hangeul 영, revised yeong, McCune–Reischauer yŏng, Yale yeng)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : đình
|
|
|穎
|蜓
|-
|-
|穡
|蜘
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sit • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *te) : semantic 虫 (“insect; insect-like creature”) + phonetic 知 (OC *ʔl'e). Originally 鼅 (OC *te), which was originally 䵹.
|to harvest; to reap • harvest; crops • to plant crops; to cultivate; to work on a farm • ear of grain • (literary or Hokkien) farming; farm labour • (Hokkien) work; labour (in general) • to link together; to connect; to hook together ‖ Alternative form of 嗇／啬 (sè, “to cherish; to not waste”) ‖ Alternative form of 㱇 (“anxious; distressed; sorrowful”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ti • Middle-Chinese : trje
|Used in 蜘蛛 (zhīzhū, “spider”).
|
|
|harvest
|spider
|穡 • (saek) · 穡 • (saek) (hangeul 색, revised saek, McCune–Reischauer saek, Yale sayk)
|蜘 • (ji) · 蜘 • (ji) (hangeul 지, revised ji, McCune–Reischauer chi, Yale ci)
|farm, harvest grain • stingy
|spider
|
|Hán-Nôm : tri
|穡
|spider
|蜘
|-
|-
|穢
|蜻
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : è • Hokkien · Tai-lo : èr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uè
| ‖  ‖
|dirty; filthy; unclean • immoral; obscene • (dialectal Hakka, Malaysian Mandarin) disgusting; revolting • (Southern Min) to infect (a person) • (obsolete) overgrown with weeds
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cing¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshing • Middle-Chinese : tsheng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥ • Middle-Chinese : tsjeng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥˋ
|
|Only used in 蜻蜓 (qīngtíng) and 蜻蛉 (qīnglíng). ‖ Only used in 蜻蛚 (jīngliè). ‖ Only used in 蜻蜻 (jìngjìng).
|
|
|穢 • (ye) · 穢 • (ye) (hangeul 예, revised ye, McCune–Reischauer ye, Yale yey)
|
|
|蜻 • (cheong) · 蜻 • (cheong) (hangeul 청, revised cheong, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏng, Yale cheng)
|
|
|穢
|Hán-Nôm : thanh
|-
|穹
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄥˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kung⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiong
|(literary) elevated and arched • (literary) sky • (literary) deep • (literary) high and vast • to fill up; to exhaust
|
|
|high arching vault • sky
|蜻
|穹 (eumhun 하늘 궁 (haneul gung))
|(literary) Hanja form of 궁 (“sky; heaven”). • (literary) Hanja form of 궁 (“arched”).
|chữ Hán form of khung (“sky”). • Nôm form of khung (“border; frame”). • Nôm form of khum (“curved; convex”).
|穹
|-
|-
|窃
|蝌
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fo¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kho • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khoo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kher • Middle-Chinese : khwa
|Used in 蝌蚪 (kēdǒu).
|
|
|
|
|to steal • secret, private
|蝌 • (gwa) · 蝌 • (gwa) (hangeul 과, revised gwa, McCune–Reischauer kwa, Yale kwa)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|窃
|蝌
|-
|-
|窈
|蝗
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : miu⁵
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷaːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋs) : semantic 虫 + phonetic 皇 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ).
|(literary) profound; far-reaching • (literary) dim; gloomy
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hông • Middle-Chinese : hwang • Middle-Chinese : hwaeng • Middle-Chinese : hwaengH
|locust • (Hong Kong, derogatory) swarms of Mainlander migrants
| ‖ 蝗(いなご) or 蝗(イナゴ) • (inago)
| ‖ Alternative spelling of 稲子 (“locust”) (type of grasshopper)
|蝗 • (hwang) · 蝗 • (hwang) (hangeul 황, revised hwang, McCune–Reischauer hwang, Yale hwang)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : hoàng
|
|
|窈 (eum 요 (yo))
|蝗
|-
|蝙
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄢ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pian • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pián • Middle-Chinese : pen
|Only used in 蝙蝠 (biānfú, “bat”).
|
|
|窈
|bat
|-
|蝙 • (pyeon) · 蝙 • (pyeon) (hangeul 편, revised pyeon, McCune–Reischauer p'yŏn, Yale phyen)
|窓
|
|
|
|
| ‖ 窓(まど) • (mado) ‖ 窓(まど) • (Mado)
| ‖ window • (regional, dialect, Etchū region) a deep gap in a mountain ridge (so called for the way the wind blows through, like a window) • マド: (investing) on a candlestick chart, a gap in day-to-day candlesticking caused by a marked increase or decrease in the price of a security, derivative, currency, or other investment ‖ (Internet slang, dated) Windows (an operating system)
|窓 (eumhun 창문 창 (changmun chang))
|Hanja form of 창 (“window”).
|
|
|窓
|蝙
|-
|-
|窕
|蝠
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tiu⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : diu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiáu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄠ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pɯɡ) : semantic 虫 + phonetic 畐 (OC *pʰrɯɡ, *bɯɡ). Originally a pictogram (象形) in the oracle bone and bronze scripts. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *baːk (“bat”). ‖ Variant of 蝮 (MC phjuwk).
|Used in 窈窕 (yǎotiǎo). • to bore, to perforate • gap; unfilled space • unfilled • false; superficial • small ‖ Alternative form of 姚 (yáo) ‖ Alternative form of 佻
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hok • Middle-Chinese : pjuwk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fuk¹ • Middle-Chinese : pjuwk
|bat (animal) ‖ (obsolete) Synonym of 蝮 (fù, “pit viper”)
|
|
|bat • pit viper
|蝠 • (bok) · 蝠 • (bok) (hangeul 복, revised bok, McCune–Reischauer pok, Yale pok)
|
|
|窕 • (jo) · 窕 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho, Yale co)
|
|
|
|
|窕
|蝠
|-
|-
|窠
|蝴
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fo¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wo¹
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡaː) : semantic 虫 (“insect”) + phonetic 胡 (OC *ɡaː).
|bird's nest in cave; nest • (literary) simple dwelling • (literary) empty space; pit; hole • Alternative form of 棵 (“classifier for plants”)
|Cantonese · Jyutping : wu⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hôo • Middle-Chinese : hu
|Only used in 蝴蝶 (húdié, “butterfly”).
|
|
|nest • hole • indentation • den
|窠 (eum 과 (gwa))
|nest • hole • indentation • den
|
|
|窠
|蝴 • (hu) · 蝴 • (hu) (hangeul 후, revised hu, McCune–Reischauer hu, Yale hwu)
|-
|窩
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wo¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : o • Hokkien · Tai-lo : oo
|nest • nest · thing or place resembling a nest • cave; den • (figurative) hiding place • depression; pit; dimple; socket • to bend • to be choked (with emotion) • to hide something; to cause something to not be found • to lay idle • (colloquial) to stay (in a place) • Classifier for litter; brood. • (Internet slang) Eye dialect spelling of 我 (wǒ, “I; me”).
|
|
|cave • pouch
|Hán-Nôm : hồ • Hán-Nôm : hà
|窩 • (wa) · 窩 • (wa) (hangeul 와)
|a dugout hut • nest • cave
|
|
|窩
|蝴
|-
|-
|窪
|螃
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ua
|From 旁 (OC *baːŋ, “side”) (Liu, 1999). ‖
|hollow; low-lying; sunken • depression; low-lying area • to sink
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pông • Middle-Chinese : bang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄤˇ • Middle-Chinese : pangX • Middle-Chinese : pangH
|
|Only used in 螃蟹 (pángxiè). ‖ ^‡ a kind of animal similar to toad
|depression • cave in • sink • become hollow
|窪 (eum 와 (wa))
|
|
|chữ Hán form of oa (“hollow; pit; depression; swamp”).
|窪
|-
|窺
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwai¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khui
|to peep
|
|
|螃 • (bang) · 螃 • (bang) (hangeul 방, revised bang, McCune–Reischauer pang, Yale pang)
|
|
|窺 • (gyu) · 窺 • (gyu) (hangeul 규, revised gyu, McCune–Reischauer kyu, Yale kyu)
|
|
|
|
|窺
|螃
|-
|-
|竄
|螢
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshǹg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuàn
|From 虫 "worm", 熒 "fluorescent" sound, indicating fireflies.
|(now derogatory) to flee; to go in exile • (literary) to exile; to banish • (literary) to hide • (literary, or in compounds) to revise; to edit • (neologism, officialese, derogatory) Short for 竄訪／窜访 (cuànfǎng) • a surname: Cuan
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : îng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iânn • Middle-Chinese : hweng
|firefly
|
|
|escape, run away • encroach • alter a document
|firefly
|竄 • (chan) · 竄 • (chan) (hangeul 찬)
|螢 (eumhun 반딧불이 형 (banditburi hyeong))
|hanja form of 형 (“glow-worm; luminous insect”)
|Hán-Nôm : huỳnh
|
|
|螢
|-
|螺
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roːl) : semantic 虫 + phonetic 累 (OC *ruːls, *rolʔ, *rols). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kroj (“shellfish, shell”). From the same root derives 蝸 (OC *kroːl, *kʷroːl, “terrestrial snail”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lo⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lo⁴⁻² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lêr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo • Middle-Chinese : lwa
|aquatic snail (as opposed to a terrestrial snail, 蝸／蜗 (wō)) • whorl; swirl; spiral • fingerprint whorls • (organic chemistry) spiro- • (transgender slang) Short for 螺內酯／螺内酯 (luónèizhǐ, “spironolactone”); spiro • (historical) wine cup made from a snail shell • (historical) ink; pigment (green-black in color, produced from the snail, and used by women for drawing eyebrows) • Short for 螺髻 (“hair done up in a coil shape”).
| ‖ 螺(ら) • (ra) ‖ 螺(つび) • (tsubi) ‖ 螺(つぶ) • (tsubu) ‖ 螺(つみ) • (tsumi) ‖ 螺(にし) • (nishi) ‖ 螺(にな) • (nina)
|spiral-shaped shellfish ‖ any shellfish with a spiral shell ‖ (obsolete) spiral shellfish, especially smaller ones • (obsolete) alternate name for 蛤 (hamaguri, “clam”) ‖ spiral shellfish, especially smaller ones • edible marine whelks of family Buccinidae • alternate name for 田螺 (tanishi): river snails of family Viviparidae ‖ (obsolete) spiral shellfish, especially smaller ones ‖ (rare) certain shellfish with a spiral shell ‖ shellfish with a spiral shell • Short for 川蜷. (kawanina): Semisulcospira libertina, a kind of freshwater snail
|螺 (eumhun 소라 라 (sora ra), word-initial (South Korea) 소라 나 (sora na))
|hanja form of 라/나 (“aquatic snail”)
|Hán-Nôm : loa • Hán-Nôm : loe
|
|
|竄
|螺
|-
|-
|竅
|蟀
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hiu³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kiu³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiàu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiò
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *srud) : semantic 虫 (“insect”) + phonetic 率 (OC *sruds, *rud, *srud).
|hole, aperture
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seot¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeot¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sut • Middle-Chinese : srwit
|cricket
|
|
|
|
|竅 • (gyu) · 竅 • (gyu) (hangeul 규, revised gyu, McCune–Reischauer kyu, Yale kyu)
|蟀 (eum 솔 (sol))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : xuất • Hán-Nôm : suất
|
|
|竅
|蟀
|-
|-
|竇
|蟆
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dau⁶ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : dau³
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mraː) : semantic 虫 + phonetic 莫 (OC *maːɡ).
|hole; burrow • (anatomy) cavity; sinus • a surname ‖ (Cantonese, Hakka, Teochew) nest; den • (Cantonese, Hakka, colloquial) home • (Cantonese, Hakka, Teochew, colloquial) hideout
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maa⁴ • Middle-Chinese : mae
|frog; toad
|
|
|toad
|
|
|竇 (eum 두 (du))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : mô • Hán-Nôm : mò
|
|
|竇
|蟆
|-
|-
|竝
|蟋
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sih • Middle-Chinese : sit • Middle-Chinese : srit
|Only used in 蟋蟀 (xīshuài).
|
|
| ‖
|Kyūjitai form of 並 (ordinary, to put things side by side) ‖
|竝 (eumhun 나란히 병 (naranhi byeong)) · 竝 (eumhun 아우를 병 (aureul byeong)) · 竝 (eumhun 곁 방 (gyeot bang)) · 竝 (eumhun 땅 이름 반 (ttang ireum ban))
|Hanja form of 병 (“side by side, together, in order”). • Hanja form of 병 (“combine, annex”). • Hanja form of 방 (“side, vicinity”). • Hanja form of 반 (“used in place names”).
|
|
|竝
|蟋 • (sil) · 蟋 • (sil) (hangeul 실, revised sil, McCune–Reischauer sil, Yale sil)
|
|Hán-Nôm : tất
|
|蟋
|-
|-
|竺
|蟲
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : duk¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zuk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiok
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : Triplication of 虫 (“snake; insect”). \ Note that 虫 is also a traditional character on its own. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *djuŋ (“insect; bug”) (STEDT). ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : Triplication of 虫 (“snake; insect”). \ Note that 虫 is also a traditional character on its own. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *djuŋ (“insect; bug”) (STEDT). ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : Triplication of 虫 (“snake; insect”). \ Note that 虫 is also a traditional character on its own. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *djuŋ (“insect; bug”) (STEDT).
|Original form of 篤／笃 (dǔ, “thick; sincere; serious”). • Alternative form of 毒 (“to loathe; to detest”) • (historical) An ancient placename. ‖ (obsolete) bamboo • Short for 天竺 (Tiānzhú, “India”). • (by extension) relating to India or Buddhism; Buddhist • Name of a mountain in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province. • (historical, music) Name of an ancient musical instrument. • a surname, commonly adopted by early Buddhist monks.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄥˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄥˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thâng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiông • Middle-Chinese : drjuwng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zung⁶ • Middle-Chinese : drjuwngH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄥˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cung⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tung⁴ • Middle-Chinese : drjuwng
| ‖ 竺(あつし) • (Atsushi)
|bug; insect; worm (Classifier: 隻／只 m c; 條／条 m c; 尾 h) • creature, animal (in general) • insect infestation • person who indulges in something • a surname ‖ (obsolete, of insect) to bite; to eat ‖ Alternative form of 爞
|bamboo ‖ a male given name
|竺 • (chuk, dok) · 竺 • (chuk, dok) (hangeul 축, 독, revised chuk, dok, McCune–Reischauer ch'uk, tok, Yale chwuk, tok)
|
|
|chữ Hán form of Trúc (“former short name of India (天竺, Thiên Trúc), a surname”). • Alternative form of 篤 (“chữ Hán form of đốc (“honest”).”)
|Kyūjitai form of 虫: insect, bug
|竺
|蟲 (eumhun 벌레 충 (beolle chung))
|hanja form of 충 (“insect; bug”)
|Hán-Nôm : trùng • Hán-Nôm : sùng
|chữ Hán form of trùng (“insect; microbe, germ”).
|蟲
|-
|-
|竽
|蠕
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njo) : semantic 虫 + phonetic 需 (OC *sno). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njo) : semantic 虫 + phonetic 需 (OC *sno).
|(historical) the yu, a wind instrument used in ancient China
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jî ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun⁵
| ‖ 竽(う) • (u)
|squirm; wriggle ‖ Alternative form of 蝡／蠕 (“squirm; wriggle”)
| ‖ a woodwind instrument introduced to Japan from China during the Nara period, similar to a 笙 (shō, “a kind of free-reed woodwind instrument”), but larger and one octave lower in pitch
|竽 (eumhun 피리 우 (piri u))
|flute • chief
|
|
|竽
|-
|笆
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pa
|bamboo fence
|
|
|
|
|笆 (eum 파 (pa))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : nhuyễn
|
|
|笆
|蠕
|-
|-
|笞
|蠢
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci¹
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰjunʔ) : phonetic 春 (OC *tʰjun) + semantic 䖵 (“insects”).
|whip used for corporal punishment
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceon² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshún • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thún • Middle-Chinese : tsyhwinX
|to squirm; to wriggle • stupid; foolish • clumsy; awkward
|
|
|whip
|squirm, wriggle
|笞 • (tae) · 笞 • (tae) (hangeul 태, revised tae, McCune–Reischauer t'ae, Yale thay)
|蠢 • (jun) · 蠢 • (jun) (hangeul 준, revised jun, McCune–Reischauer chun, Yale cwun)
|whip
|
|
|笞
|canonical : 蠢: Hán Việt readings: xuẩn 蠢: Nôm readings: xuẩn • canonical : xoáy
|chữ Hán form of xuẩn (“squirm, wiggle”).
|蠢
|-
|-
|笠
|衍
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lap¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lap⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lue̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : le̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lerē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : li̍p ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : lap¹
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 行 (“path; way; to go; to move”) + 水 (“water”). ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 行 (“path; way; to go; to move”) + 水 (“water”).
|Asian conical hat ‖ (Cantonese, Nanning Pinghua, Leizhou Min) basket (made from interwoven bamboo strips) • (Cantonese, Leizhou Min) to cover (with); to slip on • (Cantonese) to flatter; to fool
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hin² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ián • Middle-Chinese : yenX • Middle-Chinese : yenH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˊ
| ‖ 笠(かさ) • (kasa)
|to overflow; to spill over • to spread out; to extend; to develop • superfluous; unnecessary • characters mistakenly added during the copying of a text • (obsolete) lowland; flatland • (obsolete) marsh; bog • (obsolete) mountain slope; hillside • (obsolete) bamboo basket • a surname ‖ (obsolete) to bring in; to invite; to introduce • (Buddhism) yana; vehicle
|Asian conical hat ‖ Asian conical hat
|
|笠 (eumhun 삿갓 립 (satgat rip), South Korea 삿갓 입 (satgat ip))
|overflow; spill over • derive; spread out
|衍 (eum 연 (yeon))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : khiên • Hán-Nôm : diễn • Hán-Nôm : giàn • Hán-Nôm : nhản • Hán-Nôm : nhiễn • Hán-Nôm : nhăn
|
|
|笠
|衍
|-
|-
|筍
|衙
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sún ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : seon²
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋraː, *ŋa, *ŋaʔ) : semantic 行 + phonetic 吾 (OC *ŋraː, *ŋaː). \ From 牙 (MC ngae, “tooth”): \ : \ 近代通謂府廷為公衙，公衙即古之公朝也。字本作「牙」。《詩》曰：「祈父予王之爪牙。」祈父，司馬，掌武備，象猛獸，以爪牙為衛。故軍前大旗謂之「牙旗」，出師則有建牙、禡牙之事，軍中聽號令，必至牙旗之下，稱與府朝無異。近俗尚武，是以通呼公府為公牙，府門為牙門。字稱訛變，轉而為「衙」也。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]近代通谓府廷为公衙，公衙即古之公朝也。字本作「牙」。《诗》曰：「祈父予王之爪牙。」祈父，司马，掌武备，象猛兽，以爪牙为卫。故军前大旗谓之「牙旗」，出师则有建牙、祃牙之事，军中听号令，必至牙旗之下，称与府朝无异。近俗尚武，是以通呼公府为公牙，府门为牙门。字称讹变，转而为「衙」也。 [Literary Chinese, simp.] \ From: Tang dynasty, 封演 (Feng Yan), 《封氏聞見記》 (Master Feng's Records of Things Heard and Seen) \ Jìndài tōng wèi fǔtíng wèi gōngyá, gōngyá jí gǔ zhī gōngcháo yě. Zì běn zuò “yá”. “Shī” yuē: “Qífù yǔ wáng zhī zhǎoyá.” Qífù, sīmǎ, zhǎng wǔbèi, xiàng měngshòu, yǐ zhǎoyá wèi wèi. Gù jūn qián dà qí wèi zhī “yáqí”, chūshī zé yǒu jiànyá, màyá zhī shì, jūn zhōng tīng hàolìng, bì zhì yáqí zhī xià, chēng yǔ fǔcháo wú yì. Jìn sú shàngwǔ, shì yǐ tōng hū gōngfǔ wèi gōngyá, fǔmén wèi yámén. Zì chēng ébiàn, zhuǎn ér wèi “yá” yě. [Pinyin] \ In the recent era, the official court is commonly known as gongya ("official tooth"), which is gongchao ("official court") in ancient times. The character is originally 牙. The Classic of Poetry says, "Qifu, we are the claws and teeth of the king." Qifu is the minister of war, who is in charge of weaponry and, like a ferocious beast, defends using his claws and teeth. Hence the large banner before the army is known as the "tooth banner"; when sending the troops out, the tooth banner is erected and offered sacrifices; when listening to military orders, the army must be under the tooth banner; this is no different from the government office. In recent times, military affairs are commonly revered, so the gongfu is known as gongya and the fumen is known as yamen. The character has changed into 衙. ‖  ‖
|bamboo shoot • (literary, or in compounds) tender; young • ^† Alternative form of 簨 (sǔn, “horizontal beam on which bells hang”) ‖ (Cantonese, slang) very good; worth it; inexpensive; less costly than its actual value
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gêe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gâ • Middle-Chinese : ngae ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁵ • Middle-Chinese : ngjo • Middle-Chinese : ngjoX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ
|
|public office • official residence • a surname ‖ Only used in 衙衙 (“walking; marching (of troops)”). ‖ Short for 由衙 (“a kind of bamboo”). • Alternative form of 禦／御 (yù, “to resist; to block”) • Alternative form of 禦／御 (yù, “violent; tyrannical”)
|bamboo shoot
|筍 • (sun) · 筍 • (sun) (hangeul 순, revised sun, McCune–Reischauer sun, Yale swun)
|sprout, shoot
|
|
|筍
|-
|筠
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwan¹
|(literary) skin of bamboo • (literary) bamboo ‖ (historical) Jun prefecture
|
|
|衙 • (a) · 衙 • (a) (hangeul 아, revised a, McCune–Reischauer a, Yale a)
|
|
|筠 • (gyun) · 筠 • (gyun) (hangeul 균, revised gyun, McCune–Reischauer kyun, Yale kyun)
|
|
|
|
|筠
|衙
|-
|-
|筵
|衫
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iân
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sroːm) : semantic 衣 + phonetic 彡 (OC *sroːm, *slom).
|(obsolete or in compounds) banquet; feast • (obsolete) bamboo mat • (obsolete) seat
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sann • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sam • Middle-Chinese : sraem
| ‖ 筵(むしろ) • (mushiro) ‖ 筵(もしろ) • (moshiro) ‖ 筵(えん) • (en)
|(literary or Wu) unlined garment • (literary or Cantonese, Min) shirt; top (Classifier: 件 c; 領／领 mn) • (literary or Cantonese, Hakka, Min, Pinghua) clothing; clothes (Classifier: 套 c; 軀／躯 mn)
| ‖ a generic term for a woven mat made out of soft rush, bamboo, straw, or cattail • a seat; also used in public environments • a bed • (regional, Nagasaki, Kumamoto) a tatami mat ‖ (dialectal, Tōhoku, Ishikawa, Izumo) Nonstandard form of むしろ (mushiro) above ‖ a woven mat • a seat; also used in public environments
|筵 • (yeon) · 筵 • (yeon) (hangeul 연, revised yeon, McCune–Reischauer yŏn, Yale yen)
|
|
|thin cloth, especially thin silk • thin undergarment, thin underwear • a type of women's clothing, namely the upper part of a two-piece suit
|衫 • (sam) · 衫 • (sam) (hangeul 삼, revised sam, McCune–Reischauer sam, Yale sam)
|
|
|筵
|Hán-Nôm : sam • Hán-Nôm : oam • Hán-Nôm : sờm
|-
|箏
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaang¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsng
|zither
| ‖ 箏(こと) • (koto) ‖ 箏(そう) • (sō) ^(←さう (sau)?) ‖ 箏(そう) • (Sō) ^(←さう (sau)?) ‖ 箏(しょう) • (shō) ^(←しやう (syau)?)
| ‖ koto: a Japanese zither derived from the Chinese guzheng • (colloquial) guzheng: a Chinese zither where the koto was based on ‖ a guzheng, zheng (Chinese zither) ‖ a surname ‖ (possibly obsolete) a guzheng, zheng (Chinese zither), where the koto was based on
|箏 • (jaeng) · 箏 • (jaeng) (hangeul 쟁, revised jaeng, McCune–Reischauer chaeng, Yale cayng)
|
|
|zither (e.g., đàn tranh)
|衫
|箏
|-
|-
|箔
|袁
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bok⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : po̍h
|In oracle bone script, ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 衣 (“clothes”) + 又 (“hand”) – "to put on clothes; to wear". Some variant forms added 〇 (the earliest form of 圓 (OC *ɢon, “circle”), now written 口) as a sound component. The component 又 has corrupted into 㞢 in seal script and 土 in clerical script.
|foil; tinsel • foil paper burnt as offerings to the dead • screen made of reeds or sorghum stalks • bamboo tray for raising silkworms
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uân • Middle-Chinese : hjwon
| ‖ 箔(はく) • (haku)
|^‡ (of clothing) long • a surname
| ‖ foil, leaf
|箔 • (bak) · 箔 • (bak) (hangeul 박, revised bak, McCune–Reischauer pak, Yale pak)
|
|
|long kimono
|袁 • (won) · 袁 • (won) (hangeul 원, revised won, McCune–Reischauer wŏn, Yale wen)
|robe
|Hán-Nôm : viên
|
|
|箔
|袁
|-
|-
|箝
|袍
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kim⁴
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *buː) : semantic 衣 (“clothing”) + phonetic 包 (OC *pruː).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pou⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄠˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phàu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pôo • Middle-Chinese : baw
|(Chinese-style) long gown, robe, or cloak
| ‖ 袍(ほう) • (hō)
| ‖ round-collared skirted over-robe, worn as the outermost layer of court dress. Made of figured silk in winter, and silk-gauze in summer, and dyed according to the rank of the wearer.
|袍 • (po) · 袍 • (po) (hangeul 포, revised po, McCune–Reischauer p'o, Yale pho)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : bào • Hán-Nôm : bâu
|
|
|insert • fit into • attach (a clog thong)
|袍
|箝 • (gyeom) · 箝 • (gyeom) (hangeul 겸, revised gyeom, McCune–Reischauer kyŏm, Yale kyem)
|-
|tweezers • pliers • tongs • pincers
|袱
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 衣 (“clothes”) + phonetic 伏 (OC *bɯɡs, *bɯɡ)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fuk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ho̍k
|
|
|箝
|-
|箴
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zam¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsim • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tserm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsom
|to admonish; to warn • Alternative form of 針／针 (zhēn, “needle; probe”)
|
|
|
|
|箴 • (jam) · 箴 • (jam) (hangeul 잠, revised jam, McCune–Reischauer cham, Yale cam)
|袱 (eum 복 (bok))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : phục • Hán-Nôm : phất
|
|
|箴
|袱
|-
|-
|篁
|裏
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wong⁴
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯʔ) : semantic 衣 (“clothes”) + phonetic 里 (OC *rɯʔ).
|(literary) bamboo forest; bamboo grove • (literary) bamboo
| ‖ 篁(たかむら) • (Takamura)
|bamboo grove ‖ a surname
|篁 • (hwang) · 篁 • (hwang) (hangeul 황, revised hwang, McCune–Reischauer hwang, Yale hwang)
|bamboo grove
|
|
|篁
|-
|篆
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : syun⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuǎn
|seal script • seal, official stamp
| ‖ 篆(てん) • (ten)
|seal script ‖ seal script
|篆 • (jeon) · 篆 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen)
|
|
| ‖ 裏(うら) • (ura)
| ‖ back; behind; other side • inside • reverse side of a coin ("tails") • (baseball) bottom (of an inning)
|裏 (eumhun 속 리 (sok ri), word-initial (South Korea) 속 이 (sok i))
|hanja form of 리/이 (“within”) [affix; suffix]
|Hán-Nôm : lí
|
|
|篆
|裏
|-
|-
|篙
|裙
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gou¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ko • Hokkien · Tai-lo : koo
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡlun) : semantic 衤 (“clothing”) + phonetic 君 (OC *klun).
|bamboo pole used for punting boats • a surname
|Cantonese · Jyutping : kwan⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄣˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄣˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kûn • Middle-Chinese : gjun
|skirt; apron; dress; petticoat (Classifier: 條／条 c)
| ‖ 裙(くん) • (kun)
|hem, cuff ‖ hip-wrapped under-skirt worn as part of clerical attire
|裙 • (gun) · 裙 • (gun) (hangeul 군, revised gun, McCune–Reischauer kun, Yale kwun)
|
|
|pole used for punting boats
|Hán-Nôm : quần
|篙 • (go) · 篙 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko)
|pants
|a punting pole • (boat) oar
|裙
|
|篙
|-
|-
|篩
|裝
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄞ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sai¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : si¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sai • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thai
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsraŋ, *ʔsraŋs) : phonetic 壯 (OC *ʔsraŋs) + semantic 衣 (“clothes”). ‖  ‖
|sieve; strainer; sifter • to sift; to strain • (dated) to pour (a drink) • (dated) to warm up (an alcoholic beverage) • (colloquial) to strike (a gong) • (literary) to rain
|Cantonese · Jyutping : zong¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄤ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsonn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsong • Middle-Chinese : tsrjang • Middle-Chinese : tsrjangH ‖  ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : zong¹
|baggage; luggage; bags • outfit; clothes; clothing • style of dress • items for daily use; dowry • style of bookbinding • style of packaging or storage • to dress up; to attire; to clothe • to feign; to pretend; to make believe • (Hong Kong) to furnish; to refurbish; to renovate; to decorate • to load; to stack; to cram; to fill • to wrap (something in a bag); to put into • to assemble; to install (a fixture, a computer program, etc.) • to hold; to store; to contain • to carry; to convey • to mount; to decorate; to adorn • (Cantonese) to set up; to entrap • 31st tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "packing" (𝌤) • (Hakka) to get injured or damaged after being hit by something ‖ (Sichuanese) to piece together ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 𥊙
|
|
|
|
|篩 • (sa) · 篩 • (sa) (hangeul 사, revised sa, McCune–Reischauer sa, Yale sa)
|裝 (eumhun 꾸밀 장 (kkumil jang))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : trang
|
|
|篩
|裝
|-
|-
|篾
|裹
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mit⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mit⁶⁻² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bia̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bi̍h
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kloːlʔ, *kloːls) : semantic 衣 (“clothes”) + phonetic 果 (OC *kloːlʔ). \ Compare with Tibetan སྐོར (skor, “to encircle; to surround; to go around”) (Hill, 2014). ‖  ‖
|bamboo strips, splints or slats • strips of reed or plant stalks (especially sorghum stalk) • made using strips of bamboo, reed or stalk
|Cantonese · Jyutping : gwo² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄛˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kó • Middle-Chinese : kwaX • Middle-Chinese : kwaH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : kauh ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : kauh
|to wrap; to bind • to encircle; confine; to carry off • a surname: Guo ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 𩛩／𩠃 (“to wrap up”) ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 軋／轧 (“to crush; to run over; to roll flat (of or by a car)”)
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|
|wrap • pack up • cover • conceal
|裹 (eum 과 (gwa))
|wrap, bind • encircle, confine
|Hán-Nôm : khõa • Hán-Nôm : khoã
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|
|篾 • (myeol) · 篾 • (myeol) (hangeul 멸, revised myeol, McCune–Reischauer myŏl, Yale myel)
|裹
|-
|褂
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 衣 (“clothes”) + phonetic 卦.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄚˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄚˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuà
|Chinese-style unlined upper garment
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|
|篾 (miệt, miết, giá, vạt)
|篾
|-
|簍
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄡˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lió • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lóo
|(bamboo) basket • gross; one hundred forty-four; twelve dozen
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Line 10,051: Line 13,237:
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|簍
|褂
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|-
|簞
|褒
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : daan¹
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *puː, *puː) : semantic 衣 + phonetic 保 (OC *puːʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *puː, *puː) : semantic 衣 + phonetic 保 (OC *puːʔ).
|a bamboo utensil for holding cooked rice; a basket
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bou¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : po • Hokkien · Tai-lo : poo • Middle-Chinese : paw ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄡˊ
|to praise; to honor; to commend • positive polarity • to have large 衣襟 (yījīn) • large; vast; wide • (historical) A mountain valley in the east of Mian County, Shaanxi Province. • (historical) An ancient state whose city is in the east of Mian County, Shaanxi Province. ‖ Alternative form of 裒 (póu, “to gather; to collect”)
|
|
|small bamboo basket for holding
|praise, commend • compliment, congratulate, give a pat on the back to • speak well of, speak highly of, recommend • acclaim, extol, applaud [figuratively], sing the praises of [figuratively] • honor, exalt, glorify • admire, look up to, render homage to, express admiration for
|簞 (eumhun 대광주리 단 (daegwangjuri dan))
|褒 • (po, bo, bu) · 褒 • (po, bo, bu) (hangeul 포, 보, 부, revised po, bo, bu, McCune–Reischauer p'o, po, pu, Yale pho, po, pu)
|a bamboo basket
|
|
|簞
|canonical : 褒: Hán Việt readings: bao 褒: Nôm readings: bao
|chữ Hán form of bao (“to praise; to honor; to commend”).
|褒
|-
|-
|簣
|褥
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwai⁶
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *nuːɡ, *njoɡ) : semantic 衣 + phonetic 辱 (OC *njoɡ).
|bamboo basket for carrying earth
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : juk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lio̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jio̍k • Middle-Chinese : nowk • Middle-Chinese : nyowk
|cotton-padded mattress; mattress; cushion • bedding
| ‖ 褥(しとね) • (shitone)
| ‖ mattress, cushion
|褥 • (yok) · 褥 • (yok) (hangeul 욕, revised yok, McCune–Reischauer yok, Yale yok)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|褥
|-
|褪
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *n̥ʰuːns) : semantic 衣 (“clothing”) + phonetic 退 (OC *n̥ʰuːbs). Considered a 後起字／后起字 (hòuqǐzì). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *n̥ʰuːns) : semantic 衣 (“clothing”) + phonetic 退 (OC *n̥ʰuːbs). Considered a 後起字／后起字 (hòuqǐzì).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tan³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : teoi³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thùn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thǹg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuìnn ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tan³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : teoi³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thǹg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuìnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thèr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thè
|to take off (clothes) • to hide in one's sleeve • (Cantonese) to retreat; to move back • (Cantonese) to move; to shift • (Cantonese) to make something available • (Cantonese) to withdraw • (Cantonese, Southern Min) to transfer; to give to somebody else ‖ to shed (feathers) • to discolour; to fade
|
|
|fade; discolour
|褪 (eum 퇴 (toe))
|
|
|簣
|Hán-Nôm : thoái
|
|褪
|-
|-
|簪
|覺
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄢ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaam¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsam • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiam • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsim
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kruːɡs, *kruːɡ) : abbreviated phonetic 學 (OC *ɡruːɡ) + semantic 見 (“see”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kruk (“rouse; awaken; disturb”). Cognate with Old Chinese 學 (*ɡruːɡ, “to learn; to study”), 攪 (*kruːʔ, “to disturb”), Tibetan དཀྲོག (dkrog, “to agitate; to rouse”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kruːɡs, *kruːɡ) : abbreviated phonetic 學 (OC *ɡruːɡ) + semantic 見 (“see”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kruk (“rouse; awaken; disturb”). Cognate with Old Chinese 學 (*ɡruːɡ, “to learn; to study”), 攪 (*kruːʔ, “to disturb”), Tibetan དཀྲོག (dkrog, “to agitate; to rouse”).
|hairpin; clasp • to wear in one's hair
|Cantonese · Jyutping : gok³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kak • Middle-Chinese : kaewk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kàu • Middle-Chinese : kaewH
| ‖ 簪(かんざし) • (kanzashi)
|(literary) to wake up • to become aware; to dawn on; to awaken to • to feel; to think • sense; sensation; feeling • a surname: Jue ‖ to wake up from sleep • sleep; nap • Classifier for periods of sleep. • Alternative form of 較／较
|ornamental hairpin ‖ a hairpin, particularly a fancy decorative hairpin used in Japanese women's hairstyles
|
|簪 • (jam) · 簪 • (jam) (hangeul 잠, revised jam, McCune–Reischauer cham, Yale cam)
|to wake up from sleep • conscious • to enlighten • awake • to remember • remembrance
|覺 (eumhun 깨달을 각 (kkaedareul gak)) · 覺 (eumhun 깰 교 (kkael gyo))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : giác • Hán-Nôm : nhác • Hán-Nôm : rác • Hán-Nôm : dác
|
|
|簪
|覺
|-
|-
|簫
|覽
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : siu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siau
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·raːmʔ) : phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms) + semantic 見 (“see”).
|(music) xiao, a vertical, notched, end-blown bamboo flute used since ancient times in Chinese traditional and classical music • (music, historical) paixiao; panpipes • (Cantonese, Northern Min, Eastern Min) transverse flute • a surname: Xiao
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laam⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lám • Middle-Chinese : lamX
| ‖ 簫(しょう) • (shō) ^(←せう (seu)?)
|to look at; to view; to inspect; to perceive • to read • Alternative form of 攬／揽 (lǎn, “to take on; to adopt”)
| ‖ xiao, a vertically blown Chinese flute
|簫 • (so) · 簫 • (so) (hangeul 소, revised so, McCune–Reischauer so, Yale so)
|
|
|look at, inspect • perceive
|覽 (eumhun 볼 람 (bol ram), word-initial (South Korea) 볼 남 (bol nam))
|hanja form of 람 (“look at, inspect”)
|Hán-Nôm : lãm
|
|
|簫
|覽
|-
|-
|簷
|觀
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koːn, *koːns) : phonetic 雚 (OC *koːns) + semantic 見 (“see”). \ “To watch; to observe” (Pronunciation 1) > “watchtower; platform; temple” (Pronunciation 2). \ Schuessler (2007) connects it with 侯 (OC *ɡoː, “target”) and 候 (OC *ɡoːs, “to watch; to be on the lookout for; to wait”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koːn, *koːns) : phonetic 雚 (OC *koːns) + semantic 見 (“see”). \ “To watch; to observe” (Pronunciation 1) > “watchtower; platform; temple” (Pronunciation 2). \ Schuessler (2007) connects it with 侯 (OC *ɡoː, “target”) and 候 (OC *ɡoːs, “to watch; to be on the lookout for; to wait”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuan • Middle-Chinese : kwan ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gun³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuànn • Middle-Chinese : kwanH
|to observe; to watch; to view; to see • to observe closely; to scrutinise; to investigate • to read; to peruse • to display; to show • to visit; to go sightseeing • to play; to enjoy • appearance; looks • sight; view; perspective • concept; outlook • a surname ‖ (historical) watchtower on either side of a palace gate • (historical) platform; stage; dais; rostrum • (Taoism) Taoist temple • 20th hexagram of the I Ching • a surname
|
|
|Kyūjitai form of 観 (to see, observe; appearance)
|觀 (eumhun 볼 관 (bol gwan))
|hanja form of 관 (“to see; to observe; to view”) • hanja form of 관 (“appearance; looks”) • hanja form of 관 (“sight; view; perspective”) • hanja form of 관 (“Taoist temple”)
|Hán-Nôm : quan • Hán-Nôm : quán
|
|
|觀
|-
|觸
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰjoɡ) : semantic 角 + phonetic 蜀 (OC *djoɡ). \ Compare Tibetan གཏུག (gtug, “to meet; to touch”) (Hill, 2019). \ The internet slang sense is a phonetic borrowing from English true.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshik • Middle-Chinese : tsyhowk
|to touch; to come in contact with • to butt; to ram; to gore (as with animal horns) • to affront; to offend; to violate • to stir up; to invoke; to cause (feelings, etc.) • (Hokkien) to argue; to have a row; to come to blows; to scuffle • (Hokkien) to come into contact with a hard object (stone, horns, etc.) • (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) to take a bit of notes (with a pen or pencil) • a surname • (Taiwan, Internet slang) true (interjection of approval)
|
|
|to touch; to contact
|觸 • (chok) · 觸 • (chok) (hangeul 촉, revised chok, McCune–Reischauer ch'ok, Yale chok)
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|簷 • (cheom) · 簷 • (cheom) (hangeul 첨, revised cheom, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏm, Yale chem)
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|簷
|觸
|-
|-
|簽
|訃
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cim¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiam
|to sign; to endorse • slip of paper • Alternative form of 籤／签 (qiān)
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|
|label, signature
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hù • Middle-Chinese : phjuH
|簽 • (cheom) · 簽 • (cheom) (hangeul 첨, revised cheom, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏm, Yale chem)
|
|
|
|
|簽
|news of one's death • obituary
|-
|訃 • (bu) · 訃 • (bu) (hangeul 부, revised bu, McCune–Reischauer pu, Yale pu)
|簾
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lim⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lim⁴⁻² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lî
|hanging screen; curtain; blind
|
|
|
|
|簾 (eumhun 발 렴 (bal ryeom), South Korea 발 염 (bal yeom))
|Hanja form of 렴/염 (“blind; curtain”).
|
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|簾
|訃
|-
|-
|籃
|託
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laam⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laam⁴⁻² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄢˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lâm
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰaːɡ) : semantic 言 + phonetic 乇 (OC *ʔr'aːɡ).
|basket • (sports) ring; basket (in basketball) • (sports) basketball (sport) • Classifier for baskets.
|Cantonese · Jyutping : tok³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄛ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thok • Middle-Chinese : thak
|to entrust (to someone's care); to commit (something) to someone's care • to rely on; to depend on • to entrust (someone) with something; to assign responsibility for • to give as a pretext; to feign
|
|
|consign • requesting • entrusting with • pretend • hint
|託 • (tak) · 託 • (tak) (hangeul 탁, revised tak, McCune–Reischauer t'ak, Yale thak)
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|籃 • (ram>nam) · 籃 • (ram>nam) (hangeul 람>남, revised ram>nam, McCune–Reischauer ram>nam, Yale lam>nam)
|Hán-Nôm : thác
|
|
|託
|-
|診
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯns, *kljɯnʔ) : semantic 言 + phonetic 㐱 ().
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : can² • Cantonese · Jyutping : zan² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsín • Middle-Chinese : tsyinX • Middle-Chinese : drinH
|(medicine) to examine (a patient); to diagnose
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|籃
|examine
|-
|診 • (jin) · 診 • (jin) (hangeul 진, revised jin, McCune–Reischauer chin, Yale cin)
|籌
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cau⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cau⁴⁻² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiû
|chip; tally; token • plan; stratagem; means • to plan; to prepare • to raise (money, funds, etc.) • (archaic) Classifier for persons. • (Cantonese) ticket for a queue
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|
|canonical : 診: Hán Việt readings: chẩn
|
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|籌 • (ju) · 籌 • (ju) (hangeul 주, revised ju, McCune–Reischauer chu, Yale cwu)
|診
|-
|詔
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjews) : semantic 言 (“word; speech”) + phonetic 召 (OC *dews, *djews) \ Perhaps related to 召 (OC *dews, *djews, “to call; to summon”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ziu³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ziu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiàu • Middle-Chinese : tsyewH
|imperial decree • to decree; to proclaim • (historical) leader or king of non-Han peoples
| ‖ 詔(しょう) • (shō) ^(←せう (seu)?) ‖ 詔(みことのり) • (mikotonori)
|imperial decree; imperial edict ‖ imperial edict ‖ imperial edict
|詔 • (jo) · 詔 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho, Yale co)
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|
|Hán-Nôm : chiếu
|
|
|籌
|詔
|-
|-
|籟
|詣
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laai⁶
|By Shuowen and Jitsū, and following Zhengzhang (2003), a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋɡiːs) : semantic 言 + phonetic 旨 (OC *kjiʔ). \ Alternatively, ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 言 (“speech”) + 旨 (“delicious”) — word use so skilled as to be delicious. The first interpretation is seemingly most accepted.
|ancient wind instrument made with bamboo pipes • Synonym of 簫／箫 (xiāo, “xiao”) • sound; noise
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gē • Middle-Chinese : ngejH
|to go to or visit or call upon a superior • achievement or accomplishment
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|
|rattling of the wind
|arrive • attain
|籟 • (roe>noe) · 籟 • (roe>noe) (hangeul 뢰>뇌, revised roe>noe, McCune–Reischauer roe>noe, Yale loy>noy)
|詣 • (ye) · 詣 • (ye) (hangeul 예, revised ye, McCune–Reischauer ye, Yale yey)
|
|
|canonical : 詣: Hán Việt readings: nghệ
|
|
|籟
|詣
|-
|-
|籤
|詮
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cim¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiam
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰlon) : semantic 言 + phonetic 全 (OC *zlon).
|inscribed bamboo slips used for divination or drawing lots; (in general) lot • slender pointed piece of wood • sticker; marker; label
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuân • Middle-Chinese : tshjwen
| ‖ 籤(くじ) • (kuji)
|to explain
| ‖ lottery
| ‖  
|籤 (eumhun 제비 첨 (jebi cheom))
|discussion ‖  
|Hanja form of 첨 (“lottery”).
|詮 • (jeon) · 詮 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen)
|
|
|籤
|Hán-Nôm : thuyên
|-
|籬
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁴⁻¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lî
|fence made of bamboo or branches • Used in 笊籬／笊篱 (zhàoli, “strainer”). • (Cantonese) sieve; spider skimmer
| ‖ 籬(かき) • (kaki) · 籬(まがき) • (magaki) · 籬(ませ) • (mase)
| ‖ Alternative form of 垣 • roughly woven fence • a short fence • a divider in theaters
|籬 (eum 리 (ri), South Korea 이 (i))
|
|
|
|詮
|籬
|-
|-
|籮
|詰
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lo⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lo⁴⁻¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luâ
|bamboo basket
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kit³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gat¹ • Middle-Chinese : khjit
|to ask; to enquire • to question; to interrogate; to call to account • to investigate and handle • the next day; tomorrow • bent; twisty
|
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|
|詰 • (hil) · 詰 • (hil) (hangeul 힐, revised hil, McCune–Reischauer hil, Yale hil)
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|
|canonical : 詰: Hán Việt readings: cật 詰: Nôm readings: cật • canonical : gạt • canonical : gật • canonical : cợt • canonical : gợt • canonical : ngặt
|籮
|chữ Hán form of cật (“ask, question, interrogate, investigate”). • Nôm form of gạt (“dupe, trick”). • Nôm form of gật (“nod one's head in approval”). • Nôm form of ngặt (“strict, rigorous, impoverished”).
|詰
|-
|-
|籲
|誦
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joek⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : io̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ī
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljoŋs) : semantic 言 + phonetic 甬 (OC *loŋʔ).
|to appeal; to plead; to call
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zung⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siòng • Middle-Chinese : zjowngH
|to read aloud • to recount • to recite; to chant
|
|
|to appeal or plead
|籲 (eum 유 (yu))
|
|
|誦 (eumhun 외울 송 (oe'ul song))
|hanja form of 송 (“to recite; to read aloud”)
|canonical : 誦: Hán Việt readings: tụng 誦: Nôm readings: tụng • canonical : tọng • canonical : tộng
|chữ Hán form of tụng (“to recite”).
|誦
|-
|諒
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : loeng⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liāng • Middle-Chinese : ljangH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : loeng⁴
|to forgive; to sympathise • to believe • honest • presumably ‖
| ‖ 諒(りょう) • (Ryō)
|(noun) truth ‖ a male given name
|諒 (eumhun 믿을 량 (mideul ryang), word-initial (South Korea) 믿을 양 (mideul yang))
|hanja form of 량/양 (“excuse, forgive”) • hanja form of 량/양 (“guess, presume”)
|Hán-Nôm : lượng • Hán-Nôm : lạng
|
|
|籲
|諒
|-
|-
|粘
|諦
|Cantonese · Jyutping : nim¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nim⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zim¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiam • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâm
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *teːɡs) : semantic 言 + phonetic 帝 (OC *teːɡs).
|to adhere; to stick • a surname
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dai³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tè • Middle-Chinese : tejH
|to examine; to scrutinise • careful; attentive • principle; basis; essence • (Buddhism) truth • (Cantonese) to satirize; to mock; to ridicule; to have a dig at
|
|to give up
|諦 • (che) · 諦 • (che) (hangeul 체, revised che, McCune–Reischauer ch'e, Yale chey)
|
|
|sticky, glutinous • to stick to, to cling to • to persevere
|Hán-Nôm : đế
|粘 (eumhun 붙을 점 (buteul jeom))
|Hanja form of 점 (“sticky”).
|
|
|粘
|諦
|-
|-
|粧
|諧
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hâi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uê • Middle-Chinese : heaj
|to harmonize; to coordinate; to fit together • harmonious; coordinated; congruous • joke; jest • (Quanzhou Hokkien) to persuade; to advise
|
|
|accord, harmony
|諧 • (hae) · 諧 • (hae) (hangeul 해, revised hae, McCune–Reischauer hae, Yale hay)
|
|
|cosmetics
|Hán-Nôm : hài • Hán-Nôm : giai
|粧 • (jang) · 粧 • (jang) (hangeul 장, revised jang, McCune–Reischauer chang, Yale cang)
|
|
|諧
|-
|諭
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *los) : semantic 言 + phonetic 俞 (OC *l̥ʰus, *lo).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jū • Middle-Chinese : yuH
|(literary) to instruct; to tell • to understand; to know • order from above; imperial decree • to make known; to make clear • to liken; to compare
| ‖ 諭(さとし) • (Satoshi)
| ‖ a male given name
|諭 (eumhun 타이를 유 (taireul yu))
|hanja form of 유 (“instruct”)
|Hán-Nôm : dụ
|
|
|粧
|諭
|-
|-
|粳
|諮
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gang¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : king
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsli) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : phonetic 咨 (OC *ʔsli, “to consult”) + semantic 言 (“speak”).
|non-glutinous rice
|
|
|
|
|
|粳 • (gaeng) · 粳 • (gaeng) (hangeul 갱, revised gaeng, McCune–Reischauer kaeng, Yale kayng)
|consultation
|諮 • (ja) · 諮 • (ja) (hangeul 자, revised ja, McCune–Reischauer cha, Yale ca)
|
|
|canonical : 諮: Hán Việt readings: ti • canonical : tư
|
|
|粳
|諮
|-
|-
|粵
|謂
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyut⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ua̍t ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyut⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyut⁶
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢuds) : semantic 訁 + phonetic 胃 (OC *ɢuds).
|(historical) Yue people; Baiyue people • Guangdong • Guangdong and Guangxi • Short for 粵語／粤语 (yuèyǔ, “Cantonese”). • (informal, punning) Alternative form of 越 (“more”), usually in reference to the Cantonese language. ‖ A particle. · Used in the beginning of a clause to express a prudent tone. • A particle. · Used in the middle of a clause. ‖ generous; favourable
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uī • Middle-Chinese : hjw+jH
|to say; to tell • to call; to name • meaning; sense • a surname
|
|
|reason • origin • history • oral tradition
|謂 (eumhun 고할 위 (gohal wi)) ‖ 謂 (eumhun 이를 위 (ireul wi))
|say • tell ‖ call • name • be called
|Hán-Nôm : vị
|
|
|粵 (eumhun 말이 내킬 월 (mari naekil wol))
|謂
|-
|謄
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯːŋ) : phonetic 朕 (OC *l'ɯmʔ) + semantic 言 (“say”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tang⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thn̂g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thîng • Middle-Chinese : dong
|to transcribe; to copy
|
|
|to transcribe; to copy
|謄 (eumhun 베낄 등 (bekkil deung))
|to copy • to mimeograph • to transcribe
|canonical : 謄: Hán Việt readings: đằng
|
|
|粵
|謄
|-
|-
|粽
|謎
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄥˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zung³⁻² • Cantonese · Jyutping : zung³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsàng
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *miː, *miːs) : semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 迷 (OC *miː, “to be lost”).
|zongzi (dumpling made of glutinous rice, wrapped in leaves) (Classifier: 隻／只 c)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mai⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mai⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˊㄦ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˋㄦ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄟˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bî • Middle-Chinese : mejH
| ‖ 粽(ちまき) • (chimaki) ‖ 粽(ちまき) • (Chimaki)
|puzzle; riddle • mystery; enigma
|rice dumplings steamed in bamboo leaves ‖ a rice cake or dumpling wrapped in bamboo leaves • zongzi • (Buddhism, architecture) Short for 粽形 (chimaki-gata): a Zen-style pillar with rounded edges on the top and bottom parts ‖ a surname
|
|粽 • (jong) · 粽 • (jong) (hangeul 종, McCune–Reischauer chong, Yale cong)
|riddle • puzzle • enigma • hint • tip
|謎 (eumhun 수수께끼 미 (susukkekki mi))
|hanja form of 미 (“riddle”)
|
|
|
|
|粽
|謎
|-
|-
|糜
|謠
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bî ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bêr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : muâi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mâi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : muê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : buê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : môi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mai ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁴
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lew) : semantic 言 + phonetic 䍃 ().
|mushy; rotten • to waste; to spend extravagantly • to damage • a surname ‖ (literary or Hakka, Southern Min, dialectal Eastern Min, Shehua) congee • (Fuzhou Eastern Eastern Min) thick congee (with less water than 粥) • (Hainanese) cooked rice (general term, including congee) • (Hainanese, Leizhou Min) meal • congee-like substance; viscous substance; paste ‖ proso millet (especially non-sticky varieties) • type of millet that is not sticky See also: 穄子
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iâu • Middle-Chinese : yew
|
|(alt. form 䚻, 繇, 猶／犹 (yóu)^‡) to sing without instruments • (alt. form 䚻, 繇) folk song; ballad • fake circulating words; false rumour
|
|
|糜 • (mi) · 糜 • (mi) (hangeul 미, revised mi, McCune–Reischauer mi, Yale mi)
|
|
|謠 (eumhun 노래 요 (norae yo))
|hanja form of 요 (“a song”)
|Hán-Nôm : dao
|
|
|糜
|謠
|-
|-
|糞
|證
|Cantonese · Jyutping : fan³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pùn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hùn
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjɯŋs) : semantic 言 + phonetic 登 (OC *tɯːŋ). \ Cognate with 徵 (OC *tɯŋ, “to summon; to testify”). \ Related to Khmer ទៀង (tiəng, “true; exact”), Khmer ផ្ទៀង (phtiəng, “to correct; to verify”), but they may be Chinese loans. Perhaps related to 貞 (OC *teŋ, “to test; to verify”) and 真 (OC *ʔljin, “true”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|excrement; faeces; dung • manure • (literary, or in compounds) to apply manure to • (literary, or in compounds) to clear away
|Cantonese · Jyutping : zing³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsìng • Middle-Chinese : tsyingH
| ‖ 糞(くそ) • (kuso) ‖ 糞(くそ) • (kuso) ‖ 糞(くそ) • (kuso-) ‖ 糞(くそ) • (-kuso) ‖ 糞(ふん) or 糞(フン) • (fun) ‖ 糞(ばば) • (baba)
|to prove; to testify; to verify • proof; evidence · identification; identity document; credential; papers; ID card • proof; evidence · (transgender slang) diagnosis of transsexualism, gender identity disorder, or gender dysphoria • proof; evidence • Original form of 症 (zhèng). • a surname: Zheng
| ‖ (colloquial) feces, excrement • (by extension) shit, crap, garbage, trash ‖ (often vulgar) shit, crap ‖ (derogatory) pejorative prefix ‖ crappy, for shit: a derogatory emphasizing suffix. ‖ droppings, dung ‖ (childish) poopoo, poop, dookie • (childish) something unclean
|糞 (eumhun 똥 분 (ttong bun))
|Hanja form of 분 (“dung”).
|
|
|糞
|Kyūjitai form of 証
|證 • (jeung) · 證 • (jeung) (hangeul 증, revised jeung, McCune–Reischauer chŭng, Yale cung)
|certificate, card
|canonical : 證: Hán Việt readings: chứng 證: Hán Nôm readings: chững • canonical : chống • canonical : chừng
|chữ Hán form of chứng (“proof”).
|證
|-
|-
|糢
|譬
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mou⁴
|Alternative form of 饃／馍 (mó)
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phì • Middle-Chinese : phjieH
|to make an analogy • analogy; metaphor • (literary) to inform; to explain • (literary) to understand
|
|
|糢 • (mo) · 糢 • (mo) (hangeul 모, revised mo, McCune–Reischauer mo, Yale mo)
|illustrate
|譬 • (bi) · 譬 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi, Yale pi)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : thí • Hán-Nôm : thía • Hán-Nôm : tỉ • Hán-Nôm : ví
|
|
|糢
|譬
|-
|-
|糸
|譯
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mik⁶
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *laːɡ) : semantic 言 (“say”) + phonetic 睪 (OC *neb, *laːɡ, *kuː). \ Same word as 繹 (OC *laːɡ, “to unravel”) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for more.
|thin silk • A length unit, equal to the width of five parallel threads of silk.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : i̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia̍k • Middle-Chinese : yek
| ‖ 糸(いと) • (ito)
|to translate; to interpret • to decode; to decipher • a surname
| ‖ thread
|糸 (eumhun 가는 실 멱 (ganeun sil myeok))
|
|
|
|
|糸
|譯 • (yeok) · 譯 • (yeok) (hangeul 역, revised yeok, McCune–Reischauer yŏk, Yale yek)
|
|canonical : 譯: Hán Việt readings: dịch
|chữ Hán form of dịch (“to translate; translation”).
|譯
|-
|-
|紂
|譽
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zau⁶
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *la, *las) : phonetic 與 (OC *la, *laʔ, *las) + semantic 言 (“say”). \ Both 譽 (OC *las, “renown, praise (n.)”) and 譽 (OC *la, “to praise (v.)”) are related; the latter in turn is related to 舁 (OC *la, “to shoulder, to lift”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ Ultimate origin is Sino-Tibetan: compare Tibetan རླ (rla) & བླ (bla, “over, above, upper, higher, superior”) (Schuessler, 2007; Coblin, 1986). \ This word family is allofamic to 揚 (OC *laŋ), its Tibeto-Burman cognates, & ancestor Proto-Sino-Tibetan *laŋ; as well as 輿 (OC *la, *las) & 舉 (OC *klaʔ) (Schuessler, 2007, see also Baxter & Sagart, 1998).
|King Zhou of the Shang dynasty • (archaic) crupper (part of a saddle or carriage attachment)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : īr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ī • Middle-Chinese : yo • Middle-Chinese : yoH
|fame; reputation • to praise
|
|
|
|
|紂 (eum 주 (ju))
|譽 • (ye) · 譽 • (ye) (hangeul 예, revised ye, McCune–Reischauer ye, Yale yey)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : dự • Hán-Nôm : dư
|
|
|紂
|譽
|-
|-
|紇
|讀
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gat¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hat⁶
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'oːɡ) : semantic 言 (“to say”) + phonetic 𧶠 (OC *luɡ). \ “To say aloud, to tell” (Shijing) > “to recite” > “to read”. \ Cognate with Tibetan ཀློག (klog, “to read; to recite”). Starostin sets up Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k-lok (“to recite; to give notice”) for this, and also includes Burmese လျှောက် (hlyauk, “to tell; to ask; to petition; word-for-word translation; indiscriminately”) and Mizo thlûk (“accent, tone, intonation”). Related to 讟 (OC *l'oːɡ, “resentment, slander < to grumble; complaint”). \ STEDT provisionally sets up Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-g-(l/r)əwk (“to read”), relating it to 牘 (OC *l'oːɡ, “tablet”). \ Sagart (1999) argues that “read” cannot be the primary meaning, since existence of the concept “to read” before the invention of writing is questionable. There is likely no writing at the time of the split between Chinese and other Sino-Tibetan languages, therefore the Tibetan word may represent a borrowing from Chinese. ‖ A late attested reading. Starostin thinks it is from the *-s pronunciation of Etymology 1.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tha̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tho̍k • Middle-Chinese : duwk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄡˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tōo
|to say aloud; to tell • to read (silently); to peruse • to read aloud; to read out • to study • to pronounce (a character, a word, etc.) • pronunciation ‖ short pause in reading; part of a sentence; clause
|
|
|to read • (とう) phrase, clause, part of a sentence, e.g. 読点 (lit. "clause mark", i.e. comma)
|讀 (eumhun 읽을 독 (ilgeul dok)) ‖ 讀 (eumhun 구절 두 (gujeol du))
|hanja form of 독 (“to read”) ‖ hanja form of 두 (“short pause in reading, part of a sentence, clause”)
|Hán-Nôm : độc • Hán-Nôm : đọc • Hán-Nôm : đậu • Hán-Nôm : đặt
|
|
|inferior silk • tassel • fringe
|讀
|紇 (eum 흘 (heul))
|-
|to bind, tie • inferior silk
|變
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *prons) : phonetic 䜌 (OC *b·roːn, *b·ron, *b·rons) + semantic 攴. \ Likely related to 亂 (OC *roːns, “disorder”) (Baxter, 1992). Perhaps related to Tibetan སྤྲུལ་བ (sprul ba, “to transform”) (Shi, 2000)and Burmese ပြောင်း (praung:, “to change”).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : bin³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pìnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piàn • Middle-Chinese : pjenH
|(intransitive) to change (by itself); to transform • (transitive) to change (something in some way); to alter; to transform • (intransitive) to become; to turn into; to change into • (transitive) to sell off (one's property) • (intransitive) to be flexible (when dealing with matters); to accommodate to circumstances • to perform a magic trick • sudden major change; unexpected change of events • changeable; changing • grotesque thing • (Buddhism) bianwen (form of narrative literature from the Tang dynasty) • (Hokkien) to do (bad things)
| ‖
|change • strange ‖
|變 (eumhun 변할 변 (byeonhal byeon))
|hanja form of 변 (“change”)
|Hán-Nôm : biến • Hán-Nôm : bén • Hán-Nôm : bến
|
|
|紇
|變
|-
|-
|紉
|讓
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jīm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jīn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lín
|The exopassive of 攘 (OC *njaŋ, *njaŋʔ, *njaŋs, “to remove”) ("to remove" > ("to remove oneself") > "to yield; to concede"). \ Cognate with 攘 (OC *njaŋ, *njaŋʔ, *njaŋs, “to remove; to steal”), 禳 (OC *njaŋ, “to expel; to sacrifice to expel disasters”), Tibetan གནང (gnang, “to give; to grant”), Burmese နှင်း (hnang:, “to confer; to grant”), Burmese နှင် (hnang, “to drive away; to expel”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Borrowed from French Jean.
|to string; to thread (needles) • to sew; to stitch • (literary) to esteem highly
| ‖
|to allow; to let; to permit • to ask (someone to do something); to get (someone to do something); to have (someone do something) • to yield; to concede • (driving) to yield; to give way • by (passive signifier) • (literary) to criticise; to reproach ‖ A transliteration of the French surname and male given name Jean
|
|
|
|
|讓 • (yang) · 讓 • (yang) (hangeul 양)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : nhượng • Hán-Nôm : nhường • Hán-Nôm : nhằng • Hán-Nôm : nhàng • Hán-Nôm : lâm
|
|
|
|讓
|紉
|-
|-
|紐
|讚
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄡˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nau² • Cantonese · Jyutping : nau⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : niú
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsaːns) : semantic 言 (“say”) + phonetic 贊 (OC *ʔsaːns). ‖
|"button (Classifier: 粒 c) • handle; knob • pivot; hub • a surname • transliteration for ""New"" in place names; e.g. 紐約／纽约 (Niǔyuē), 紐西蘭／纽西兰 (Niǔxīlán)."
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaan³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsàn • Middle-Chinese : tsanH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsán
|to praise; to commend; to eulogize • (Internet, social media) to like ‖ (chiefly Southern Min, Taiwanese Mandarin) cool; awesome
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|praise • picture title
|讚 (eumhun 기릴 찬 (giril chan))
|hanja form of 찬 (“to praise; to laud”) [verbal root; affix]
|Hán-Nôm : tán
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|紐 • (nyu>yu) · 紐 • (nyu>yu) (hangeul 뉴>유, revised nyu>yu, McCune–Reischauer nyu>yu, Yale nyu>yu)
|讚
|-
|豁
| ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kut³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hat • Middle-Chinese : xwat ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : kut³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄛ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huat • Middle-Chinese : xwat ‖
|open; clear; open-minded • to exempt; to remit • a surname ‖ to slit; to crack • to give up; to sacrifice; to risk one's life ‖ to cheat; to fool • to coax
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|empty
|豁 • (hwal) · 豁 • (hwal) (hangeul 활, revised hwal, McCune–Reischauer hwal, Yale hwal)
|drain off • open, wide
|Hán-Nôm : khoát • Hán-Nôm : hoát • Hán-Nôm : khoạt
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|紐
|豁
|-
|-
|紕
|豈
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pai¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei⁴
|Possibly a variation of 壴 with the top part modified. May have been the original form of 凱 (“music of triumph”).
| ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hei² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khí • Middle-Chinese : khj+jX
|(literary, rhetorical question) how; how can it be that (used in rhetorical questions) • (dated) possibly; perhaps (modal particle indicating tentativeness)
| ‖ 豈(あに) • (ani)
|an interjection of surprise ‖ a rhetorical interrogative: (just) how • expresses a strong denial: not at all, not in the least
|豈 (eumhun 어찌 기 (eojji gi)) · 豈 (eumhun 승전악 개 (seungjeonak gae))
|hanja form of 기 (“how, what”)
|canonical : 豈: Hán Việt readings: khởi
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|豈
|-
|豌
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qoːn) : semantic 豆 (“bean; pea”) + phonetic 宛 (OC *qon, *qonʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wun¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wun² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uán • Middle-Chinese : 'wan
|Only used in 豌豆 (wāndòu).
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|紕 • (bi) · 紕 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi, Yale pi)
|pea
|豌 • (wan) · 豌 • (wan) (hangeul 완, revised wan, McCune–Reischauer wan, Yale wan)
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|
|Hán-Nôm : oản • Hán-Nôm : uyển
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|紕
|豌
|-
|-
|紗
|豐
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sa • Hokkien · Tai-lo : se • Hokkien · Tai-lo : see • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sua ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄠˇ
|Ideogram (指事) – a pot full of flowers (abundance, plenty). \ Bottom is cognate to 豆, both being a pot on a stand.
|yarn • gauze; sheer • muslin (a lightweight cotton cloth in a plain weave; or thin fabric made of silk or linen) ‖ Alternative form of 眇 (miǎo, “small; tiny; minute”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hong • Middle-Chinese : phjuwng
| ‖ 紗(うすぎぬ) • (usuginu)
|luxuriant; lush • abundant; bountiful; plenty • well-developed; full-grown; shapely; plump • large; great • to enhance; to enlarge • 55th hexagram of the I Ching • Feng, a surname • (historical) Feng (a former capital of China)
|silk gauze • gossamer ‖ Alternative spelling of 薄絹 (“sheer silk”)
|
|紗 • (sa) · 紗 • (sa) (hangeul 사, revised sa, McCune–Reischauer sa, Yale sa)
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|豐 • (pung) · 豐 • (pung) (hangeul 풍, revised pung, McCune–Reischauer p'ung, Yale phung)
|the 55th hexagram ䷶ (“abundance”)
|Hán-Nôm : phong
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|
|紗
|豐
|-
|豹
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *preːwɢs) : semantic 豸 (“beast; creature”) + phonetic 勺 (OC *pljewɢ, *bljewɢ). Pictogram (象形) in the oracle bone script. \ Exopassive derivative of 駁 (OC *praːwɢ, “piebald (horse)”), literally "the spotted one"; ultimately from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *bruk (“piebald; speckled”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pà • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pàu • Middle-Chinese : paewH
|leopard; panther (often more specifically Panthera pardus) (Classifier: 隻／只 m c mn) • a surname
| ‖ 豹(ひょう) or 豹(ヒョウ) • (hyō) ^(←へう (feu) or ヘウ (feu)?)
| ‖ a leopard (a large wild cat with a spotted coat, Panthera pardus)
|豹 (eumhun 표범 표 (pyobeom pyo))
|hanja form of 표 (“leopard; panther”)
|Hán-Nôm : báo • Hán-Nôm : beo • Hán-Nôm : bươu
|chữ Hán form of báo (“spotted big cat”). • Nôm form of beo (“spotted big cat”).
|豹
|-
|-
|紜
|豺
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan⁴
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zrɯː) : semantic 豸 (“creature”) + phonetic 才 (OC *zlɯː, *zlɯːs).
|numerous and disorderly
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄞˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsâi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshâi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siânn • Middle-Chinese : dzreaj
|dhole (Cuon alpinus)
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|
|disorder • confusion
|紜 • (un) · 紜 • (un) (hangeul 운)
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|
|豺 (eumhun 승냥이 시 (seungnyang'i si))
|hanja form of 시 (“dhole”)
|canonical : 豺: Hán Việt readings: sài 豺: Nôm readings: sài • canonical : rài
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|紜
|豺
|-
|-
|紮
|貼
|Cantonese · Jyutping : zaat³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsat ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : zaat³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaap³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsat
|table ‖ table \ From English tip. See also 貼士／贴士 (tip³⁻¹ si⁶⁻², “tips”).
|to tie; to bind • (regional) Classifier for objects put into a bundle: bundle • (Mainland China Hokkien) to raise; to lift up (curtain, clothing, etc.) • (Mainland China Hokkien) to guide and support (someone) • (Mainland China Hokkien) to wrap up; to bind up; to pack • (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to carry; to bring along (on one's person, originally on one's waist) ‖ (military) to be stationed; to be quartered (of troops) • (Cantonese) to be promoted (in rank or position)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄝ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tip³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiap • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thueh • Middle-Chinese : thep ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : tip¹
|to paste to; to stick on • to be attached to • (Cantonese) close (at little distance) ‖ (Cantonese) to predict; to guess; to bet on the outcome
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|stick; apply; paste
|貼 (eumhun 붙일 첩 (buchil cheop))
|hanja form of 첩 (“stick; adhere”)
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|
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|紮 (eum 찰 (chal))
|貼
|-
|賂
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|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lōo • Middle-Chinese : luH
|bribe; bribery • to bribe; to buy off • (literary) to present (a gift) • (literary) money and goods as gifts; (in general) money and goods
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|
|紮
|-
|紼
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fat¹
|large rope (for pulling a coffin) • Alternative form of 紱／绂 (fú)
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|large rope • rope attached to bier
|賂 (eumhun 뇌물 뢰 (noemul roe), word-initial (South Korea) 뇌물 뇌 (noemul noe))
|紼 (eum 불 (bul))
|hanja form of 뢰/뇌 (“bribe; bribery”)
|동아줄 (dong'ajul, “rope”)
|Hán-Nôm : lộ
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|紼
|賂
|-
|-
|絀
|賄
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyut³
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰʷɯːʔ) : semantic 貝 (“cowry; money”) + phonetic 有 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ).
|insufficient • deep red • sew; stitch • Alternative form of 黜 (chù, “to dismiss”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hé • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hér • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hué • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huè • Middle-Chinese : xwojX
|(literary) property; belongings • (literary) to give a gift • to bribe • bribe
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|sew • stitch • insufficient
|to pay • to supply
|絀 • (chul) · 絀 • (chul) (hangeul 출, revised chul, McCune–Reischauer ch'ul, Yale chwul)
|賄 (eumhun 뇌물(賂物) 회) · 賄 (eumhun 재물(財物) 회)
|decline, refuse • sew
|hanja form of 회 (“bribe; bribery”) • hanja form of 회 (“property; belongings”)
|Hán-Nôm : hối
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|
|絀
|賄
|-
|-
|絆
|賠
|Cantonese · Jyutping : bun⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bun³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puànn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puǎnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puānn
|fetter; shackle • to fetter; to shackle • to trip; to stumble • to hinder; to restrain • (figuratively) trap • (Eastern Min) to be annoying
| ‖ 絆(きずな) or 絆(キズナ) • (kizuna) ^(←きづな (kiduna)?) ‖ 絆(きずな) • (Kizuna) ^(←きづな (kiduna)?) ‖ 絆(ほだし) • (hodashi) ‖ 絆(ふもだし) • (fumodashi)
|ties, bonds • fetters ‖ a bond (emotional link or connection), tie • a rope used to bind a horse, for example, as not to get away; a fetter ‖ a female given name ‖ what binds human mind and behavior from freedom; an obstacle to freedom • a rope used to bind a horse, for example, as not to get away • fetters, shackles ‖ a rope used to bind a horse's foot, as not to get away; a fetter
|絆 (eumhun 얽어맬 반 (eolgeomael ban))
|Hanja form of 반 (“bond”).
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|絆
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pui⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pêr
|-
|to suffer a financial loss • to compensate • to apologize
|絢
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hyun³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiàn
|brilliant; gorgeous; effulgent • to shine • to embellish; to adorn • to dazzle
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|compensation
|賠 • (bae) · 賠 • (bae) (hangeul 배, revised bae, McCune–Reischauer pae, Yale pay)
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|絢 • (hyeon) · 絢 • (hyeon) (hangeul 현, revised hyeon, McCune–Reischauer hyŏn, Yale hyen)
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|絢
|賠
|-
|-
|絨
|賣
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁴⁻² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiông
|Characters in the same phonetic series (買) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Originally 𧷓, an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mreːs) : semantic 出 (“go out”) + phonetic 買 (OC *mreːʔ, “buy”). \ 出, which indicates exoactive semantics (Sagart, 1999), was eventually reduced to the etymologically unrelated 士. \ Unrelated to 𧶠, which is used as a phonetic component in a number of characters. \ Exoactive of 買 (OC *mreːʔ, “to buy”) (Sagart, 1995; Schuessler, 2007; Baxter and Sagart, 2014), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/m/s-laj ~ *r/s-lej ~ *b-rej (“to buy; to barter”); see there for more.
|silk, cotton, or woolen fabric • velvet • (Taiwan) ronto- (SI unit prefix)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄞˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : buē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : buě • Hokkien · Tai-lo : māi • Middle-Chinese : meaH
|to sell • to betray; to sell out • to spare no effort; to do one's best • to show off • (Cantonese, of the media) to publish (a piece of news)
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|wool cloth
|to sell
|絨 • (yung) · 絨 • (yung) (hangeul 융, revised yung, McCune–Reischauer yung, Yale yung)
|賣 (eumhun 팔 매 (pal mae))
|hanja form of 매 (“to sell”)
|canonical : 賣: Hán Việt readings: mại 賣: Nôm readings: mải • canonical : mợi
|chữ Hán form of mại (“to sell”).
|賣
|-
|賤
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zlens) : semantic 貝 + phonetic 戔 (OC *zlaːn).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : zin⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuānn • Middle-Chinese : dzjenH
|cheap; inexpensive • lowly; low-ranking; poor; plebeian • bad; inferior; poor • mean; base; despicable; obnoxious • (colloquial, derogatory) mean, bitchy, annoying • (colloquial, derogatory) self-deprecating especially when someone insists so much on something, puts so much effort to something but gets nothing they wish for, for example in a romantic relationship • (humble) my • (Min) naughty; restless • to look down upon; to despise • to hate; to detest • a surname: Jian
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|cheap, worthless • low-ranking, inferior, humble, plebeian • to despise; to look down upon
|賤 • (cheon) · 賤 • (cheon) (hangeul 천)
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|絨
|Hán-Nôm : tiện
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|賤
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|-
|綁
|賭
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bong² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : páng
|to bind; to tie; to fasten
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|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tóo • Middle-Chinese : tuX
|to gamble; to bet money • (in general) to make a bet; to place a wager
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|bet
|賭 • (do) · 賭 • (do) (hangeul 도, revised do, McCune–Reischauer to, Yale to)
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|Hán-Nôm : đổ
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|賭
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|賴
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raːds) : phonetic 剌 (OC *raːd) + semantic 貝 (“cowry”) – to profit. ‖  ‖ From English line.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄞˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nuā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lāi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nāi • Middle-Chinese : lajH ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : laai⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄞˋ
|to rely; to depend on • to accuse falsely • shameless; impudent; cheeky; brazen • (colloquial) bad • to hang on in a place; to drag out one's stay in a place • to disavow; to deny • to falsely incriminate • to blame; to put the blame upon • a surname ‖ to leave behind; to forget to bring ‖ (Taiwan, colloquial) Line (an instant messaging software)
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|request, rely • depend on • accuse falsely
|賴 (eumhun 힘 입을 뢰 (him ibeul roe), word-initial (South Korea) 힘 입을 뇌 (him ibeul noe))
|hanja form of 뢰/뇌 (“rely, depend on”) • hanja form of 뢰/뇌 (“accuse falsely”)
|Hán-Nôm : lại • Hán-Nôm : nái • Hán-Nôm : trái
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|綁
|賴
|-
|-
|綏
|購
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄟˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sui
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koːs) : semantic 貝 (“shellfish”) + phonetic 冓 (OC *koː, *koːs).
|(literary) cord held when mounting a carriage • (literary) to pacify; to placate • (historical) Short for 綏遠／绥远 (Suíyuǎn, “Suiyuan province”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kau³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kòo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kio • Hokkien · Tai-lo : káng • Middle-Chinese : kuwH
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|to buy; to purchase • (literary) to offer an award (e.g. for the capture of a criminal) • (literary) to hire
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|
|綏 • (yu, su) · 綏 • (yu, su) (hangeul 유, 수, revised yu, su, McCune–Reischauer yu, su, Yale yu, swu)
|to buy, to purchase
|購 • (gu) · 購 • (gu) (hangeul 구)
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|Hán-Nôm : cấu
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|綏
|購
|-
|-
|綑
|贊
|Originally 賛. Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 㚘 + 貝 (“money”) – to help with money. \ Now phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsaːns) : phonetic 兟 (OC *srin) + semantic 貝 (“money”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsàn • Middle-Chinese : tsanH
|to help; to support • to agree • (literature) a form and style of writing that summarizes and concludes a narrative, biography, or portrait, etc.
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|Kyūjitai form of 賛 (help, assist, support)
|贊 (eum 찬 (chan))
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|Hán-Nôm : tán
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|贊
|-
|赫
|Duplication of 赤 (“red”), with 赤 (OC *kʰljaɡ) acting as the phonetic component. ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haak¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hak¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : herk • Middle-Chinese : xaek ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : niah
|bright red • bright; luminous • distinguished; eminent; glorious; awe-inspiring • to display; to show off • Alternative form of 嚇／吓 (hè, “to frighten”) • angrily; furiously • (physics) Short for 赫茲／赫兹 (Hèzī, “hertz”). • a surname ‖ (Southern Min) to be frightened
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|赫 • (hyeok) · 赫 • (hyeok) (hangeul 혁, revised hyeok, McCune–Reischauer hyŏk, Yale hyek)
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|Hán-Nôm : hách • Hán-Nôm : hích
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|綑
|赫
|-
|-
|綜
|趁
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zung³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsong ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄥˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zung³
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *nlanʔ, *l̥ʰɯns, *l'ɯn) : semantic 走 (“to run”) + phonetic 㐱 ().
|to put together; to assemble; to gather • to synthesize; to sum up • to manage; to administer • to be proficient in • Classifier for threads or hairs: strand • to become crumpled; to crease ‖ heddle (on a loom)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : can³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thìn • Middle-Chinese : drin • Middle-Chinese : nrjenX • Middle-Chinese : trhinH
|(literary or Min) to chase; to pursue • (literary or Min) to follow; to accompany • to take advantage of (time, opportunity, etc); to avail oneself of • (Min) to earn (money) • (Mandarin, colloquial) to have a lot of • used to indicate a present situation: while circumstances are optimal • (Eastern Min) from; since • (Mainland China Hokkien) to imitate (someone) • (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) to shoo away; to drive away (poultry or livestock)
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|rule • synthesize
|綜 • (jong) · 綜 • (jong) (hangeul 종, revised jong, McCune–Reischauer chong, Yale cong)
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|趁 • (jin, jeon) · 趁 • (jin, jeon) (hangeul 진, 전, revised jin, jeon, McCune–Reischauer chin, chŏn, Yale cin, cen)
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|綜
|canonical : 趁: Hán Việt readings: sấn 趁: Nôm readings: sấn • canonical : sán • canonical : sắn • canonical : sớn • canonical : thấn • canonical : xớn
|chữ Hán form of sấn (“chase, "while it is still/right..."”).
|趁
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|-
|綞
|趟
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄛˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : do²
|Considered a 後起字／后起字 (hòuqǐzì). Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰaːŋs, *rtaːŋ, *rtaːŋs) : semantic 走 (“run”) + phonetic 尚 (OC *djaŋ, *djaŋs). ‖ Considered a 後起字／后起字 (hòuqǐzì). Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰaːŋs, *rtaːŋ, *rtaːŋs) : semantic 走 (“run”) + phonetic 尚 (OC *djaŋ, *djaŋs). ‖ Considered a 後起字／后起字 (hòuqǐzì). Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰaːŋs, *rtaːŋ, *rtaːŋs) : semantic 走 (“run”) + phonetic 尚 (OC *djaŋ, *djaŋs). ‖ Considered a 後起字／后起字 (hòuqǐzì). Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰaːŋs, *rtaːŋ, *rtaːŋs) : semantic 走 (“run”) + phonetic 尚 (OC *djaŋ, *djaŋs). ‖ Considered a 後起字／后起字 (hòuqǐzì). Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰaːŋs, *rtaːŋ, *rtaːŋs) : semantic 走 (“run”) + phonetic 尚 (OC *djaŋ, *djaŋs).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tong³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄤ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥ • Middle-Chinese : traeng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥˋ • Middle-Chinese : traengH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄥˊ
|to take a journey • time; occasion • Classifier for journeys or occasions. ‖ Alternative form of 蹚 (tāng, “to wade; to ford”) ‖ Used in 週趟 (“jumping; leaping”). • (ideophonic) jumping; leaping ‖ Only used in 週趟 (“walking; tottering; staggering”). ‖ Only used in 週趟 (“escaping in fear”).
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Line 10,461: Line 13,849:
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|綞
|趟
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|綢
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiû
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 八 (OC *preːd). ‖ Borrowed from Japanese パーセント (pāsento), from English percent. ‖ Clipping of 趴體／趴体 (pātǐ), from English party.
|silk cloth; satin damask • to bind; to wind around; to wrap around
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pha ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄚ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄚ
|to lie on one's stomach • to rest one's upper body on a surface; to bend over a surface ‖ (Taiwan) percent ‖ (informal) party
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|綢 • (ju, jo, do) · 綢 • (ju, jo, do) (hangeul 주, 조, 도)
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|Hán-Nôm : bát • Hán-Nôm : vát
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|綢
|趴
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|綰
|趾
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waan² • Cantonese · Jyutping : waan⁵
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kjɯʔ) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 止 (OC *kjɯʔ)
|to tie; to knot; to bind together, to coil up • ^† to control
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsí • Middle-Chinese : tsyiX
|(anatomy) toe; foot • track; footprint
| ‖ 趾(あしゆび) • (ashiyubi)
|toe ‖ (anatomy) toe
|趾 • (ji) · 趾 • (ji) (hangeul 지, revised ji, McCune–Reischauer chi, Yale ci)
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|Hán-Nôm : chỉ • Hán-Nôm : nhảy
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|綰 • (gwan) · 綰 • (gwan) (hangeul 관, revised gwan, McCune–Reischauer kwan, Yale kwan)
|趾
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|跋
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːd) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 犮 (OC *boːd). \ Cognate with 茇 (OC *poːd, “roots of grass”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bat⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : but⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pua̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pua̍t • Middle-Chinese : bat
|(Min) to tumble; to fall down • (Min) to toss; to throw (dice, moon blocks, etc.) • (Southern Min) to gamble • (Hokkien) to use (a scheme, trick, etc.) • to trample; to step; to step on • to trek; to walk; to go by foot; to travel on land • (Hakka) to get up • (Hakka) to climb • (Mainland China Hokkien) to go down; to drop (price, etc.) • (Zhangzhou Hokkien, Wu) to turn around • base of a candle • postscript; epilogue; colophon • a surname
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|綰
|跋 (eum 발 (bal))
|-
|綴
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuè ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tèr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuè ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄛˋ
|to stitch up • to connect; to join • to decorate ‖ (Southern Min) to follow • (Southern Min) to imitate ‖ Alternative form of 輟／辍 (“to stop”)
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|to spell • compose • bind (books) • write
|Hán-Nôm : bạt
|綴 (eumhun 엮을 철 (yeokkeul cheol))
|Hanja form of 철 (“to connect; to join”). • Hanja form of 철 (“to spell”).
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|綴
|跋
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|綵
|跌
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄞˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coi²
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'iːɡ) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 失 (OC *hliɡ).
|varicolored silk • variegated color or decorative pattern • Alternative form of 彩 (cǎi)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄝ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dit³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : daat³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tia̍t • Middle-Chinese : det
|
|to fall down • (Cantonese, Hakka, transitive) to drop; to lose • to fall (from the sky); to crash; to drop • (of price, stock) to fall; to drop
|colorful
|綵 • (chae) · 綵 • (chae) (hangeul 채, revised chae, McCune–Reischauer ch'ae, Yale chay)
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|to slip • to stumble
|跌 • (jil) · 跌 • (jil) (hangeul 질, revised jil, McCune–Reischauer chil, Yale cil)
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|綵
|canonical : 跌: Hán Việt readings: điệt • canonical : trật 跌: Nôm readings: chợt • canonical : trượt • canonical : trớt • canonical : trặc • canonical : xớt • canonical : xợt • canonical : đột
|Nôm form of trật (“to miss, to be incorrect, to dislocate”). • Nôm form of trượt (“to slip, to fail, to fall”).
|跌
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|綸
|跑
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leon⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwaan¹
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bruː, *bruːɡ) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 包 (OC *pruː). \ Compare Proto-Loloish *paw¹ (“to flee”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ The computing sense is a semantic loan from English run. ‖  ‖
|cyan ribbon • fishing line • thick rope • emperor's order • silk thread • to govern • wide • a place in Henan • Alternative term for 倫／伦 (lún). • a surname ‖ a kind of marine plant • see 綸巾／纶巾 (guānjīn)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄠˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pháu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pâu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄠˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phâu • Middle-Chinese : baew ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Middle-Chinese : baewk
|to run • to run away; to flee • (dialectal) to walk; to stroll; to go to • to rush about; to make the rounds; to be busy • to leak; to evaporate • to go away; to be gone; to be lost • (computing, colloquial) to run (a program) • (Xiamen, Quanzhou and Zhangzhou Hokkien) well-liked; popular • (Taiwanese Hokkien) to steal and run away ‖ (of an animal) to paw the earth ‖
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|twine • fishing line
|run • flee • leave in hurry • trot, trotting
|綸 • (ryun>yun, gwan) · 綸 • (ryun>yun, gwan) (hangeul 륜>윤, 관, revised ryun>yun, gwan, McCune–Reischauer ryun>yun, kwan, Yale lyun>yun, kwan)
|跑 (eumhun 허빌 포 (heobil po))
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|Hán-Nôm : bão • Hán-Nôm : bào
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|綸
|跑
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|-
|綺
|跛
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji²
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *prals, *paːlʔ) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 皮 (OC *bral). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(p/b)aːj (“lame; limp; askew”); compare Proto-Kuki-Chin *ɓa(a)j ~ *pa(a)j (“lame; limp”), Burmese ဖဲ (hpai:, “to avoid”), ဖယ် (hpai, “to push aside”), ပယ် (pai, “to reject”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007; Hill, 2014). \ Colloquial readings in some southern varieties preserve the Old Chinese rime (Schuessler, 2007); the colloquial word is written as 𨃅 in Southwestern Mandarin and Xiang. ‖
|woven silk • beautiful, gorgeous
|Cantonese · Jyutping : bai¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bo² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pái • Hokkien · Tai-lo : páinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pó • Middle-Chinese : paX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei³ • Middle-Chinese : pjeH
|lame; crippled ‖
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|lame; crippled • to stand on one foot; to slant
|跛 • (pa, pi) · 跛 • (pa, pi) (hangeul 파, 피, revised pa, pi, McCune–Reischauer p'a, p'i, Yale pha, phi)
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|綺 • (gi) · 綺 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki)
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|綺
|跛
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|-
|綽
|跟
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coek³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄠ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄛˋ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kɯːn) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 艮 (OC *kɯːns). \ Cognate with 根 (OC *kɯːn, “root”) (Wang, 1982). ‖
|(literary) ample; spacious ‖ to grab
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄣ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kun • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kin • Middle-Chinese : kon ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tèr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuè
|heel (of a foot, a shoe or a sock) • to follow • (of a woman) to marry • with (together) • as (in comparisons) • to; with • and (joining nouns) • (dialectal Mandarin) at • (Cantonese) to follow; to abide • (Waxiang) to act for someone • (Waxiang) Used to introduce the direct object of a verb. ‖ (Southern Min) Alternative form of 綴／缀 (“to follow”)
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|綽 • (jak) · 綽 • (jak) (hangeul 작, revised jak, McCune–Reischauer chak, Yale cak)
|跟 • (geun) · 跟 • (geun) (hangeul 근, revised geun, McCune–Reischauer kŭn, Yale kun)
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|Hán-Nôm : cân • Hán-Nôm : ngấn • Hán-Nôm : ngân
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|綽
|跟
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|綾
|跨
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰʷraː, *kʰʷraːʔ, *kʰʷraːs, *kʰʷaːs) : semantic 足 + phonetic 夸 (OC *kʰʷraː).
|a thin type of silk fabric resembling satin; damask
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuà • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khua • Middle-Chinese : khwae • Middle-Chinese : khwaeX • Middle-Chinese : khuH • Middle-Chinese : khwaeH
|to step across; to stride • (transitive) to cross over (a wall, river, etc.) • to overstep; to exceed; to surpass • to straddle; to bestride; to ride • to occupy; to hold • transgender; trans • to transition to (gender) • Alternative form of 胯 (kuà, “crotch; groin”)
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|be • sit or stand astride • extend over • straddle
|跨 (eum 과 (gwa))
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|綾 • (reung>neung) · 綾 • (reung>neung) (hangeul 릉>능, revised reung>neung, McCune–Reischauer rŭng>nŭng, Yale lung>nung)
|Hán-Nôm : khóa • Hán-Nôm : khoá • Hán-Nôm : khuế • Hán-Nôm : khuếu • Hán-Nôm : khuều • Hán-Nôm : khoào • Hán-Nôm : khọa • Hán-Nôm : khoạ • Hán-Nôm : khòa • Hán-Nôm : khoà • Hán-Nôm : khoão • Hán-Nôm : khuễu • Hán-Nôm : khuệu • Hán-Nôm : khùa • Hán-Nôm : khuờ • Hán-Nôm : khụa • Hán-Nôm : khúa • Hán-Nôm : khũa • Hán-Nôm : khuẫu • Hán-Nôm : khoách • Hán-Nôm : khoạc
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|跨
|綾
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|緇
|跪
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi¹
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰrolʔ, *ɡrolʔ) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 危 (OC *ŋrol). \ Perhaps connected with Proto-Vietic *t-kuːlʔ (> Vietnamese gối (“knee”)) (Schuessler, 2007). For the semantic relationship, compare English kneel. Also compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *koj (“bend; curved; lap; bosom”) (STEDT).
|(literary) to blacken • (literary) black
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄟˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuǐ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuī • Middle-Chinese : khjweX • Middle-Chinese : gjweX
|to kneel • foot • (figuratively) to kowtow; to show obedience to
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|緇 • (chi) · 緇 • (chi) (hangeul 치, revised chi, McCune–Reischauer ch'i, Yale chi)
|跪 (eum 궤 (gwe))
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|Hán-Nôm : quỵ
|to kneel down; to fall on one's knees
|跪
|-
|跺
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 朵 (OC *toːlʔ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : do² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tō • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tōo
|to stamp one's feet
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|緇
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|緖
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|Kyūjitai form of 緒 (cord, thread)
|緖 • (seo) · 緖 • (seo) (hangeul 서, revised seo, McCune–Reischauer sŏ, Yale se)
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|緖
|跺
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|緘
|踐
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaam¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin¹
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zlenʔ) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 戔 (OC *zlaːn). \ According to 学研漢和大字典 (Kenkyūsha Kanwa Dai Jiten), the 戔 is also to be interpreted in its meaning of “small” (see 戔戔／戋戋 (jiānjiān)), in which case this character signifies the act of walking in small steps, making it also an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) .
|seal
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cin⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiǎn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsán • Middle-Chinese : dzjenX
| ‖ 緘(かん) • (kan) ‖ 緘(かん) • (kan)
|to trample; to tread upon; to walk on • to ascend (to the throne); to inherit • to implement; to carry out; to fulfil • to follow; to abide by • to experience • orderly; well-organised
| ‖ shut; close; seal ‖ seam; seal (of an envelope) • writing on the seal of an envelope
|緘 • (ham) · 緘 • (ham) (hangeul 함)
|seal, close • bind • letter
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|緘
|-
|緝
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cap¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsip • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsi̍p • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tship ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧ
|to seize; to arrest; to chase after; to pursue (someone) • to weave hempen thread • to hem clothing ‖ to sew in close stitches
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|踐 • (cheon) · 踐 • (cheon) (hangeul 천, revised cheon, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏn, Yale chen)
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|緝 • (jip, jeup) · 緝 • (jip, jeup) (hangeul 집, 즙, revised jip, jeup, McCune–Reischauer chip, chŭp, Yale cip, cup)
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|緝
|踐
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|緞
|踢
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dyun⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuān
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰeːɡ) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 易 (OC *leːɡs, *leɡ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-t(j/w)ak (“to kick”) (STEDT). ‖
|satin
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : that • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiak • Middle-Chinese : thek ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : tik¹
|to kick • (figurative) to reject; to eliminate; to give someone the boot • (Internet) to kick (from a group, forum, etc.) ‖ Used in 踢躂舞／踢跶舞.
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|緞 • (dan, ha) · 緞 • (dan, ha) (hangeul 단, 하, revised dan, ha, McCune–Reischauer tan, ha, Yale tan, ha)
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|緞
|Hán-Nôm : thích • Hán-Nôm : dịch
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|踢
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|-
|緬
|踩
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : min⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bián • Hokkien · Tai-lo : biǎn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : biān
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 采.
|distant, remote • Short for 緬甸／缅甸 (Miǎndiàn, “Myanmar, Burma”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄞˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshái
|to step on; to trample on • (chiefly Cantonese) to belittle; to denigrate; to criticize • (Internet) to dislike
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|fine thread • Abbreviation of 緬甸 (Menden, Biruma): Burma (Myanmar)
|緬 • (myeon) · 緬 • (myeon) (hangeul 면)
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|踩 • (chae) · 踩 • (chae) (hangeul 채, revised chae, McCune–Reischauer ch'ae, Yale chay)
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|緬
|-
|縈
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jing⁴
|(literary) to entangle; to wind around
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|entangle • entwine, coil
|縈 • (yeong) · 縈 • (yeong) (hangeul 영, revised yeong, McCune–Reischauer yŏng, Yale yeng)
|entangle • entwine, coil
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|縈
|踩
|-
|-
|縑
|踱
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gim¹
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄛˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dok⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : to̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tho̍h • Middle-Chinese : dak
|to stroll; to pace; to walk slowly • (literary) to walk barefoot • (dialectal) stupid; dull
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|踱 • (tak) · 踱 • (tak) (hangeul 탁, revised tak, McCune–Reischauer t'ak, Yale thak)
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|縑 • (gyeom) · 縑 • (gyeom) (hangeul 겸, revised gyeom, McCune–Reischauer kyŏm, Yale kyem)
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|縑
|踱
|-
|-
|縲
|蹂
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luî
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁴ • Middle-Chinese : nyuw • Middle-Chinese : nyuwX • Middle-Chinese : nyuwH
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|縲 • (ryu>yu) · 縲 • (ryu>yu) (hangeul 류>유, revised ryu>yu, McCune–Reischauer ryu>yu, Yale lyu>yu)
|蹂 • (yu) · 蹂 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu, Yale yu)
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|縲
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|蹂
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|-
|縷
|蹄
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lí
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *deː) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 帝 (OC *teːɡs). ‖
|thread • detailed, precise • Classifier for wisps, threads, or strands.
|Cantonese · Jyutping : tai⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tê • Middle-Chinese : dej ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˋ
|hoof • leg of pork • (derogatory) wench ‖ (obsolete) to kick
| ‖ 蹄(ひづめ) • (hizume)
|hoof ‖ a hoof • (figurative, uncommon) an excellent horse, a fast horse • (rare) an ungulate, a hoofed animal
|蹄 • (je) · 蹄 • (je) (hangeul 제)
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|thread
|Hán-Nôm : đề • Hán-Nôm : đế
|縷 • (ru>nu) · 縷 • (ru>nu) (hangeul 루>누, revised ru>nu, McCune–Reischauer ru>nu, Yale lwu>nwu)
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|silk thread (see lụa) • silky (see lụa)
|蹄
|縷
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|-
|繃
|蹈
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bang¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : penn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : png • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ping ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maang¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baang⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bang¹
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'uːs) : semantic 足 + phonetic 舀 (OC *lowʔ, *lu, *lo).
|to stretch; to draw firmly; to strap • to brace; to taut • (of an object) to spring up; to bounce • (literary, or in compounds, crafts) embroidery frame • (literary, or in compounds) bed frame • sling, piece of cloth used to carry a baby on one's back • (dialectal) to swindle; to cheat • (Internet slang) Short for 繃不住／绷不住 (bēngbùzhù, “to burst out laughing”). ‖ to strain one's muscles • to pull one's face • (Cantonese) to stretch, to set up (a mosquito net, a banner, etc) • (Cantonese) Alternative form of 掹 (“to pull”) ‖ (chiefly Beijing and Southwestern Mandarin, Jin) to split open; to crack; alternative form of 迸 (bèng) ‖ (chiefly Wu, Cantonese, dialectal Mandarin, in reduplication) intensifier used in ideophones • (Wu, Xiang, dialectal Mandarin) very; terribly
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄠˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dou⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tou¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tōo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tō • Middle-Chinese : dawH
|to step; to tread • to jump; to trample • to obey; to abide by
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|to step on
|蹈 • (do) · 蹈 • (do) (hangeul 도, revised do, McCune–Reischauer to, Yale to)
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|繃 • (bung) · 繃 • (bung) (hangeul 붕, revised bung, McCune–Reischauer pung, Yale pung)
|Hán-Nôm : đạo • Hán-Nôm : dạo
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|蹈
|繃
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|繅
|蹋
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sou¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄠˇ
|to reel silk from the cocoon ‖ Alternative form of 璪 (zǎo, “silk pendant strung with jade and hung from a crown as an ornament”)
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|
|draw • reel silk from cocoons • elegant compositions
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taap³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : daap⁶ • Middle-Chinese : dap
|繅 • (so) · 繅 • (so) (hangeul 소, revised so, McCune–Reischauer so, Yale so)
|Alternative form of 踏 (“to tread on; to stamp”) • to kick
|draw • reel silk from cocoons • elegant compositions
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|
|繅
|step on • tread on • stumble • slip
|蹋 • (dap) · 蹋 • (dap) (hangeul 답, revised dap, McCune–Reischauer tap, Yale tap)
|step on, tread
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|蹋
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|-
|繆
|蹦
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mau⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mau⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : miu⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mau⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄡ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : muk⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˋ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 𧾷 + phonetic 崩 (OC *pɯːŋ).
|ten bundles of hemp • a type of silk • Used in 綢繆／绸缪 (chóumóu). ‖ to deceive; to feign • (obsolete) different • (alt. form 謬／谬) error; mistake • (alt. form 謬／谬) erroneous; mistaken ‖ a surname ‖ to interlock • thin • Alternative form of 糾／纠 • Alternative form of 摎 ‖ Alternative form of 穆 (mù, “reverent; solemn”) • Alternative form of 穆 (mù, “right side position of ancestral tablets in ancestral shrines”) ‖ Alternative form of 繚／缭 (liáo, “to wind around; to entwine”) ‖ Only used in 繆繆／缪缪. ‖ Only used in 蜩繆／蜩缪. ‖ (alt. form 戮, 勠) to join forces
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baang⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pǹg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pìng
|to hop; to jump
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|error • wrap around
|繆 • (mu, yu) · 繆 • (mu, yu) (hangeul 무, 유, revised mu, yu, McCune–Reischauer mu, yu, Yale mu, yu)
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|繆
|Hán-Nôm : băng • Hán-Nôm : bảng
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|蹦
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|-
|繚
|蹬
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : liu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liāu
|
|to entwine; to wind around • to sew with slanting stitches
|Cantonese · Jyutping : dang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dang⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄥˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ting • Middle-Chinese : dongH
|to step on; tread on • to press down or out with one's legs and feet • to wear (footwear)
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|twist about • circulate • entangle
|繚 • (ryo>yo) · 繚 • (ryo>yo) (hangeul 료>요, revised ryo>yo, McCune–Reischauer ryo>yo, Yale lyo>yo)
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|繚
|-
|繞
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liáu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiáu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄠˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liáu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiáu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄠˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄠˇ
|to entwine; to wind around; to coil • to confuse ‖ to surround; to encircle • to bypass; to make a detour; to go around ‖ curved; winding • a surname: Rao
| ‖ 繞(にょう) • (nyō) ^(←ねう (neu)?)
|surround • return ‖ Chinese character radical that covers the left and bottom of a Chinese character
|繞 • (yo) · 繞 • (yo) (hangeul 요)
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|
|Hán-Nôm : đăng • Hán-Nôm : đắng • Hán-Nôm : đặng
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|繞
|蹬
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|-
|繡
|蹲
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siù
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zuːn) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 尊 (OC *ʔsuːn) – to sit. ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖  ‖
|to embroider • with rich and bright colors • gorgeous • embroidered clothing
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄣ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄣˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tun • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsun • Middle-Chinese : dzwon ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄣˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeon¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄣˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄢ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄢˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄣˇ
|to squat; to crouch • (figurative) to stay (somewhere); to remain idle (in a place) • to sit ‖ (dialectal) to sprain one's leg by landing abruptly ‖ Only used in 蹲蹲 (“dancing rhythmically”). ‖ to gather; to assemble ‖ Alternative form of 躦／躜 (zuān), only used in 蹲𧿙. ‖ Only used in 蹲循 and 蹲節／蹲节.
| ‖  
| ‖  
| ‖  
| ‖  
|繡 (eumhun 수놓을 수 (suno'eul su))
|蹲 (eum 준 (jun))
|Hanja form of 수 (“embroider”). • Hanja form of 수 (“gorgeous”).
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|繡
|Hán-Nôm : đôn • Hán-Nôm : tôn
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|蹲
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|繹
|躁
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jik⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : i̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia̍k
|to unravel; to draw out • to interpret; to explain • to continue
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|pull out
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cou³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshòo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sòo • Middle-Chinese : tsawH
|繹 (eum 역 (yeok))
|impetuous; irritable
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|繹
|躁 • (jo) · 躁 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho, Yale co)
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|繽
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ban¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pin • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phin
|Used in 繽紛／缤纷 (bīnfēn).
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|Hán-Nôm : táo • Hán-Nôm : tháo • Hán-Nôm : rảo
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|繽 • (bin) · 繽 • (bin) (hangeul 빈, revised bin, McCune–Reischauer pin, Yale pin)
|躁
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|躬
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kuŋ) : semantic 身 (“body”) + phonetic 弓 (OC *kʷɯŋ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *guŋ (“body, back”). Compare Burmese အကောင် (a.kaung, “body”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiong • Middle-Chinese : kjuwng
|body • oneself • in person; personally • to stoop
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|body • self
|躬 • (gung) · 躬 • (gung) (hangeul 궁, revised gung, McCune–Reischauer kung, Yale kwung)
|body • personally, in person
|Hán-Nôm : cung • Hán-Nôm : còng
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|繽
|躬
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|纂
|躲
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyun² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuàn
| ‖
|to edit; to compile • topknot; chignon • Alternative form of 纘／缵 (zuǎn, “to inherit; to continue”)
|Cantonese · Jyutping : do² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄛˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tó • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tóo ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : bih
|(intransitive) to hide • to avoid; to evade ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 覕／𰴕 (bih, “to hide”)
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|纂 • (chan) · 纂 • (chan) (hangeul 찬, revised chan, McCune–Reischauer ch'an, Yale chan)
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|Hán-Nôm : đóa • Hán-Nôm : đoá
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|纂
|躲
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|纏
|躺
|Cantonese · Jyutping : cin⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tînn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiân
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰaːŋʔ) : semantic 身 (“body”) + phonetic 尚 (OC *djaŋ, *djaŋs).
|to wind; to tie; to bind • to pester; to harass • (dialectal) to deal with
|Cantonese · Jyutping : tong² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄤˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thóng
|to lie face up; to recline
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|纏 • (jeon) · 纏 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen)
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|纏
|Hán-Nôm : thưỡng • Hán-Nôm : thảng
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|躺
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|纓
|軸
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jing¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iann
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯwɢ) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 車 (“cart, carriage”) + phonetic 由 (OC *lɯw, “to pass through”) — the axle that passes through a cartwheel. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯwɢ) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 車 (“cart, carriage”) + phonetic 由 (OC *lɯw, “to pass through”) — the axle that passes through a cartwheel.
|tassel • tassel-like object • ribbon • rope • to twine • to suffer from
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄡˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zuk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ti̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tio̍k • Middle-Chinese : drjuwk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄡˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zuk⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zau⁶
|axle; axletree • pivot • axis • spool; roller • (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien, Teochew) large, oblong banner of silk carrying an appropriate message (usually for funerals) (Classifier: 幅 mn mn-t) • switch (of a keyboard key) • Classifier for rolled-up things. ‖ (theater, opera) last item on a theatrical performance
| ‖ 軸(じく) • (jiku) ^(←ぢく (diku)?) ‖ 軸(じく) • (-jiku) ^(←ぢく (diku)?)
|axis • pivot ‖ axis ‖ things wrapped about a central rod- scrolls, rolls of material, also yarn balls • central axes • favoured horses
|軸 • (chuk) · 軸 • (chuk) (hangeul 축)
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|Hán-Nôm : trục
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|
|crown string • breast harness
|軸
|纓 • (yeong) · 纓 • (yeong) (hangeul 영, revised yeong, McCune–Reischauer yŏng, Yale yeng)
|-
|輕
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰeŋ, *kʰeŋs) : semantic 車 (“carriage”) + phonetic 巠 (OC *keːŋ). Explanation of semantic component: light carriage. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-jaːŋ (“light (weight); lightweight”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan ཡང་མོ (yang mo, “light”), Jingpho tsang (tsa̱ŋ³³, “light (of weight)”), Mizo zâng (“light”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khin • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiann • Middle-Chinese : khjieng • Middle-Chinese : khjiengH
|light (of low weight) • small; little; slight; minor; insignificant • lightweight; portable; convenient to carry or manoeuvre • rash; rattlebrained • frivolous; skittish; giddy • easy; simple; relaxed • humble; meagre; inexpensive • gentle; light; soft • to belittle; to make light of • to lighten; to reduce • to forgive; to pardon • light carriage • Short for 輕工業／轻工业 (qīnggōngyè, “light industry”). • (obsolete, chemistry) Alternative name for 氫／氢 (qīng, “hydrogen”).
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|
|light • easy • simple • gentle
|輕 (eumhun 가벼울 경 (gabyeoul gyeong))
|hanja form of 경 (“light”) • hanja form of 경 (“easy, simple”) • hanja form of 경 (“gentle”)
|Hán-Nôm : khinh • Hán-Nôm : khỉnh
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|
|纓
|輕
|-
|-
|纜
|輿
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laam⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laam⁶⁻² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lám
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *la, *las) : phonetic 舁 (OC *la) + semantic 車 (“carriage”).
|(literary) hawser; heavy rope for mooring boats • cable; thick rope with many strands (Classifier: 條／条 c) • to moor; to tie; to fasten • (Cantonese) to wear something that requires wrapping • (Cantonese) betting slips for illegal bookmaking • (gambling, originally Cantonese) martingale (gambling strategy) (Classifier: 條／条 c)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : û • Hokkien · Tai-lo : îr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : î • Middle-Chinese : yo • Middle-Chinese : yoH
|
|cart; carriage • (figurative) earth; land; territory • sedan chair; palanquin • to carry; to lift • public; popular; mass • a surname
|
|
|纜 • (ram>nam) · 纜 • (ram>nam) (hangeul 람>남, revised ram>nam, McCune–Reischauer ram>nam, Yale lam>nam)
|palanquin, litter
|輿 • (yeo) · 輿 • (yeo) (hangeul 여, revised yeo, McCune–Reischauer yŏ, Yale ye)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : dư
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|
|纜
|輿
|-
|-
|缽
|轄
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : but³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : but⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puat
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰaːds, *ɡraːd) : phonetic 害 (OC *ɡaːds) + semantic 車 (“cart”) – linchpin. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰaːds, *ɡraːd) : phonetic 害 (OC *ɡaːds) + semantic 車 (“cart”) – linchpin.
|(Buddhism) monk's alms bowl • bowl; basin; pot (often made of earthenware or metal)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hat⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ha̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hat • Middle-Chinese : khajH • Middle-Chinese : haet ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : ha̍t
|to govern; to control • having jurisdiction over • noise of a barrow • rule; control • to run; to manage • linchpin of wheel ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 乏 (“to be moderate; to abstain; to check; to restrict oneself (in food, usage, spending, addiction, etc.)”)
|
|
|earthenware basin • alms bowl
|
|
|轄 (eumhun 다스릴 할 (daseuril hal))
|linchpin • to govern; to control
|Hán-Nôm : hạt • Hán-Nôm : hợt • Hán-Nôm : hặt • Hán-Nôm : hách • Hán-Nôm : hoách
|
|
|bowl
|轄
|缽
|-
|-
|罄
|轉
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hing³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khìng
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tonʔ, *tons) : semantic 車 (“carriage”) + phonetic 專 (OC *tjon). \ Possibly related to: \ * Old Tibetan འདྲུལ ('drul, “to transmit; to communicate”) (Schuessler, 2007), or \ * Tibetan སྲུལ (srul, “to move to and fro; to stir”), Burmese ရွေ့ (rwe., “to move; to be displaced”), ရွှေ့ (hrwe., “to move or shift something”) (Starostin). \ An allofam is perhaps *don (“round”). Compare Vietnamese tròn (“round; circle; entire; whole”), trọn (“fully; completely; all”), as well as the following Chinese words: \ * 團 (OC *doːn, “ball; circle; lump”), \ * 摶 (OC *doːn, *doːn, *donʔ, “to roll up into a ball”). \ Derivative: 傳 (OC *tons, *don, *dons, “to relay; to pass on; to transfer; relay station; biography; record”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tonʔ, *tons) : semantic 車 (“carriage”) + phonetic 專 (OC *tjon). \ Possibly related to: \ * Old Tibetan འདྲུལ ('drul, “to transmit; to communicate”) (Schuessler, 2007), or \ * Tibetan སྲུལ (srul, “to move to and fro; to stir”), Burmese ရွေ့ (rwe., “to move; to be displaced”), ရွှေ့ (hrwe., “to move or shift something”) (Starostin). \ An allofam is perhaps *don (“round”). Compare Vietnamese tròn (“round; circle; entire; whole”), trọn (“fully; completely; all”), as well as the following Chinese words: \ * 團 (OC *doːn, “ball; circle; lump”), \ * 摶 (OC *doːn, *doːn, *donʔ, “to roll up into a ball”). \ Derivative: 傳 (OC *tons, *don, *dons, “to relay; to pass on; to transfer; relay station; biography; record”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tonʔ, *tons) : semantic 車 (“carriage”) + phonetic 專 (OC *tjon). \ Possibly related to: \ * Old Tibetan འདྲུལ ('drul, “to transmit; to communicate”) (Schuessler, 2007), or \ * Tibetan སྲུལ (srul, “to move to and fro; to stir”), Burmese ရွေ့ (rwe., “to move; to be displaced”), ရွှေ့ (hrwe., “to move or shift something”) (Starostin). \ An allofam is perhaps *don (“round”). Compare Vietnamese tròn (“round; circle; entire; whole”), trọn (“fully; completely; all”), as well as the following Chinese words: \ * 團 (OC *doːn, “ball; circle; lump”), \ * 摶 (OC *doːn, *doːn, *donʔ, “to roll up into a ball”). \ Derivative: 傳 (OC *tons, *don, *dons, “to relay; to pass on; to transfer; relay station; biography; record”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tonʔ, *tons) : semantic 車 (“carriage”) + phonetic 專 (OC *tjon). \ Possibly related to: \ * Old Tibetan འདྲུལ ('drul, “to transmit; to communicate”) (Schuessler, 2007), or \ * Tibetan སྲུལ (srul, “to move to and fro; to stir”), Burmese ရွေ့ (rwe., “to move; to be displaced”), ရွှေ့ (hrwe., “to move or shift something”) (Starostin). \ An allofam is perhaps *don (“round”). Compare Vietnamese tròn (“round; circle; entire; whole”), trọn (“fully; completely; all”), as well as the following Chinese words: \ * 團 (OC *doːn, “ball; circle; lump”), \ * 摶 (OC *doːn, *doːn, *donʔ, “to roll up into a ball”). \ Derivative: 傳 (OC *tons, *don, *dons, “to relay; to pass on; to transfer; relay station; biography; record”).
|empty • exhaust, run out, use up
|Cantonese · Jyutping : zyun² • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyun³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tńg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuínn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuán • Middle-Chinese : trjwenX ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : zyun³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyun⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyun² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tńg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuínn • Middle-Chinese : trjwenH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄞˇ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuān
|
|(transitive) to turn; to revolve • to wind; to entwine • winding; circuitous • (transitive) to change; to shift; to alter • to change direction; to turn • (Southwestern Mandarin, dialectal Cantonese, Hakka, Min, Wu) to return; to come or go back • (Wu) to think; to contemplate; to turn over in one's mind • (Xiamen Hokkien) to mediate; to reconcile • (dialectal Mandarin, Cantonese) Classifier for times or round trips. • to change position; to move • to wave; to flutter • to divert; to transfer • to evade; to avoid • to be transferred to another post • to sell; to transfer the ownership • to transport; to relay; to carry in a cart • to discard; to abandon • to leave; to depart • to chant; to utter (spell); to recite • (Mainland China Hokkien) to circulate capital to meet financial need for turnover • a surname ‖ (intransitive) to revolve; to rotate; to turn • revolution; rotation; turn • (Cantonese, dialectal Hakka, dialectal Min, dialectal Wu) hair whorl • number of times; time • to wind around; to go around; bypass • to lose (way); to get lost • (colloquial) to stroll; to saunter; to amble; to wander • Alternative form of 囀／啭 (zhuàn, “to chirp; to warble; to chirrup”) • (music) RPM ‖ (Mandarin, colloquial) Alternative form of 拽 (“to act pretentiously; to show off”) ‖ (Min) to twist with force or with a tool
|exhaust • run out • use up • empty
|罄 • (gyeong) · 罄 • (gyeong) (hangeul 경, revised gyeong, McCune–Reischauer kyŏng, Yale kyeng)
|empty • exhaust • a kind of Korean musical instrument made of stone or jade
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|罄
|(to) shift • (to) move • (to) turn
|轉 (eumhun 구를 전 (gureul jeon))
|hanja form of 전 (“(to) turn; (to) move”)
|Hán-Nôm : chuyển • Hán-Nôm : chuyên • Hán-Nôm : chuyền • Hán-Nôm : chuyến
|(to) shift • (to) move • (to) turn
|轉
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|罈
|辜
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taam⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thâm
|earthenware jar; jug
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : koo • Middle-Chinese : ku
|crime; wrong; sin • to let down • a surname
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|辜 (eumhun 허물 고 (heomul go))
|hanja form of 고 (“crime; wrong; sin”)
|Hán-Nôm : cô
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|辜
|罈
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|罟
|辟
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : koo
|In the oracle bone script, it is an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 卩 (“kneeling person”) + 䇂 (“sickle-like tool”) – to administer; to regulate; to punish. \ 〇 was sometimes added, though its function is disputed: \ * Lin (1920) suggests that it represents “bind; restrain”. \ * Luo (1927) suggests that it is the original character for 璧 (OC *peɡ, “jade annulus”) and that 辟 is the early form of 璧, with 〇 as the semantic component and ⿰卩䇂 as the phonetic component. Chi (2010), based on this theory, proposes that 〇 acted as a phonetic component in 辟 instead. \ * Yu (1999) suggests that it is a decorative component with no meaning. \ 〇 was later corrupted into 口 or 日. Shuowen interprets 口 as representing the enforcer of the law. \ In the bronze script from the Warring States period, forms where 䇂 is corrupted to 辛 begin to appear (Chi, 2010). \ Officially adopted as the simplified form of 闢 in the Chinese Character Simplification Scheme (《漢字簡化方案》) in 1956 due to homophony and shared semantic fields. ‖ In the oracle bone script, it is an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 卩 (“kneeling person”) + 䇂 (“sickle-like tool”) – to administer; to regulate; to punish. \ 〇 was sometimes added, though its function is disputed: \ * Lin (1920) suggests that it represents “bind; restrain”. \ * Luo (1927) suggests that it is the original character for 璧 (OC *peɡ, “jade annulus”) and that 辟 is the early form of 璧, with 〇 as the semantic component and ⿰卩䇂 as the phonetic component. Chi (2010), based on this theory, proposes that 〇 acted as a phonetic component in 辟 instead. \ * Yu (1999) suggests that it is a decorative component with no meaning. \ 〇 was later corrupted into 口 or 日. Shuowen interprets 口 as representing the enforcer of the law. \ In the bronze script from the Warring States period, forms where 䇂 is corrupted to 辛 begin to appear (Chi, 2010). \ Officially adopted as the simplified form of 闢 in the Chinese Character Simplification Scheme (《漢字簡化方案》) in 1956 due to homophony and shared semantic fields.
|net (especially for catching fish or birds) • to catch (with a net)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiak • Middle-Chinese : bjiek ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : pik¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiak • Middle-Chinese : phjiek
|(literary) monarch; sovereign • (literary) government official; minister • (literary) to rule; to govern • (literary) crime • to summon; to appoint to an official position • to remove; to drive out • (literary) to avoid; to hide; to dodge • (literary) lame in the leg ‖ (literary) law; (specifically) penal code • to open • to open up • (literary) to make an analogy • (literary) to thump one's chest • (literary) to show bias; to be partial • (literary) remote • (literary) eccentric; perverted • (literary) a tool for catching animals
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|罟 • (go) · 罟 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko)
|辟 • (baek, byeok, pi, bi, mi) · 辟 • (baek, byeok, pi, bi, mi) (hangeul 백, 벽, 피, 비, 미, revised baek, byeok, pi, bi, mi, McCune–Reischauer paek, pyŏk, p'i, bi, mi, Yale payk, pyek, phi, pi, mi)
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|Hán-Nôm : vếch • Hán-Nôm : tích • Hán-Nôm : bích • Hán-Nôm : thịch • Hán-Nôm : tịch • Hán-Nôm : phích • Hán-Nôm : thí
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|罟
|辟
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|-
|罹
|辭
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁴
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 𤔔 + 辛.
|to experience; to suffer; to be hit with • to suffer (from a disease) • suffering; misery
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sîr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sî • Middle-Chinese : zi
|diction; phraseology; speech; words • Ci (a form of classical poetry) • (obsolete) legal statement; deposition; testimony; confession • to depart; to take one's leave • to dismiss; to discharge; to fire • to resign; to hand in • to shirk; to decline • to apologize (to accept fault and invite the pardon of the offended) • to excuse; to make up excuses (to provide explanation to lessen someone's fault)
| ‖
|words • speech • expression • phrase ‖
|辭 (eumhun 말씀 사 (malsseum sa))
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|Hán-Nôm : từ
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|罹 (eumhun 걸릴 리 (geollil ri), South Korea 걸릴 이 (geollil i))
|辭
|Hanja form of 리/이 (“to experience; to suffer; to be hit with”).
|-
|辯
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *brenʔ) : phonetic 辡 (OC *prenʔ, *brenʔ) + semantic 言 (“say”). \ Cognate with 辨 (OC *breːns, *brenʔ, “to distinguish”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piǎn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piān • Middle-Chinese : bjenX
|to debate; to argue; to discuss • Alternative form of 辨 (“to distinguish; to differentiate”)
| ‖ 辯(べん) • (-ben)
| ‖ dialect
|辯 (eumhun 말씀 변 (malsseum byeon))
|hanja form of 변 (“debate; discuss”)
|Hán-Nôm : biện
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|罹
|辯
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|羈
|迂
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ki • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kua
|Schussler (2007) relates it to 匡 (OC *kʰʷaŋ), 腕 (OC *qoːns), 冤 (OC *qon), & 枉 (OC *qʷaŋʔ). Allofams are possibly 弧 (OC *ɡʷlaː), 委 (OC *qrol, *qrolʔ), and 夭 (OC *qoːwʔ, *qrow, *qrowʔ), which Coblin (1986) (apud Schuessler, 2007) considers as cognate to Tibetan ཡོ་བ (yo ba, “oblique, aslant”), གཡོ་བ (g.yo ba, “tilt”), གཡོས (g.yos); however, see 夭 (yāo). Ratliff (2010) links it with Proto-Hmong-Mien *qʷuw (“far”).
|bridle; halter • to restrain; to hold; to control • to stay; to remain; to lodge
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : u • Hokkien · Tai-lo : i • Middle-Chinese : hju • Middle-Chinese : 'ju • Middle-Chinese : 'juX
|circuitous • pedantic • far • wide • slow • evil • exaggerated • a surname
| ‖ 迂(う) • (u)
|roundabout way ‖ roundabout; detour • ignorant
|迂 • (o, u) · 迂 • (o, u) (hangeul 오, 우, revised o, u, McCune–Reischauer o, u, Yale o, wu)
|doctrinaire, abstruse, unrealistic
|Hán-Nôm : vu
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|迂
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|迄
|Uncertain. 迄 (MC xj+t) could be related to 暨 (MC gjijH), but, within the same word family fricative, MC *x-does not alternate with velar stop *g-; alternatively, maybe related to 詣／诣 (yì) (Schuessler, 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngat⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hat¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : git • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gut • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gert • Middle-Chinese : xj+t
|(literary) to reach; to arrive • (literary) until; up to • (literary) as yet; finally; after all
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|羈 • (gi) · 羈 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki)
|until, up to
|迄 • (heul) · 迄 • (heul) (hangeul 흘, revised heul, McCune–Reischauer hŭl, Yale hul)
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|羈
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|迄
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|羌
|迢
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : goeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kionn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiong
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *deːw) : semantic 辵 (“to walk”) + phonetic 召 (OC *dews, *djews).
|(～族, ～人) Qiang people • Name of a historical tribe in ancient China. • muntjac (species of deer) • (obsolete) Meaningless sentence-initial particle, often used in the Chuci. • a surname
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tiu⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : siu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiâu • Middle-Chinese : dew
|far; distant
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|羌 • (gang) · 羌 • (gang) (hangeul 강, revised gang, McCune–Reischauer kang, Yale kang)
|迢 (eum 초 (cho))
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|Hán-Nôm : điều • Hán-Nôm : thiều
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|羌
|迢
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|羯
|迪
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kit³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : git³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiat
|castrated buck caprid; wether • Jie people (a small, extinct tribe that once lived in North China)
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|barbarian • (more specifically) the Jie people, a certain tribe that lived to the north of China in antiquity (see Chinese 羯 (jié) for details)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dik⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ti̍k • Middle-Chinese : dek
|羯 • (gal) · 羯 • (gal) (hangeul 갈, revised gal, McCune–Reischauer kal, Yale kal)
|to enlighten; to guide • to employ • to implement; to put into practice • to follow; to comply • to advance; to progress • Short for 迪斯科 (dísīkē, “disco”). • a surname
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|羯
|迪 (eum 적 (jeok))
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|羲
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hi
|Used in personal names. • Short for 伏羲 (Fúxī). • Short for 羲和 (xīhé). • ^† breath; vapor; gas • Alternative form of 曦 (xī) • Short for 王羲之 (Wáng Xīzhī). • a surname
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|Used in personal names.
|Hán-Nôm : địch
|羲 (eum 희 (hui))
|Fu Xi (伏羲 氏, 伏犧 氏: king and culture hero in ancient Chinese legend)
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|羲
|迪
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|羶
|逗
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan¹
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *doːs, *dos) : semantic 辶 + phonetic 豆 (OC *doːs). \ ; “to stay; to remain; to stop”
|rank odor (especially of sheep and goat)
|Cantonese · Jyutping : dau⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄡˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiō • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tōo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuì • Middle-Chinese : drjuH • Middle-Chinese : duwH
|to amuse; to tease • funny; ridiculous; amusing • to tempt; to allure • (chiefly in the negative) to play around • to stay; to remain; to stop • Alternative form of 讀／读 (dòu, “short pause in reading; part of a sentence; clause”)
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|逗 • (du) · 逗 • (du) (hangeul 두, revised du, McCune–Reischauer tu, Yale twu)
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|羶 • (jeon) · 羶 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen)
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|羶
|逗
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|羸
|逛
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁴
|(literary) in a weak or exhausted state
|
|to grow haggard; to get thin • weak; frail
|羸 (eumhun 파리할 리 (parihal ri), South Korea 파리할 이 (parihal i))
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|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwaang⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwaang³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kòng • Middle-Chinese : kjwangX
|to stroll; to roam; to wander
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|羸
|-
|羿
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngai⁶
|(historical) the name of a legendary archer (also called 后羿) • a surname
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Line 10,881: Line 14,329:
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|羿
|逛
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|翎
|逞
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄥˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰeŋʔ) : semantic 辶 + phonetic 呈 (OC *rleŋ, *l'eŋs).
|long, stiff feather on the wings or tail of a bird; (by extension) bird's feather • wing (of an insect) • arrow feather • (historical) feather on an official's hat (used for decoration and displaying his rank)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cing² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thíng • Middle-Chinese : trhjengX
|to brag; to show off; to flaunt • to succeed in; to achieve (something bad) • to indulge oneself; to gratify one's desires • (obsolete) to be satisfied; to be gratified
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|sturdy • brawny • bold
|逞 • (ryeong>yeong, jeong) · 逞 • (ryeong>yeong, jeong) (hangeul 령>영, 정, revised ryeong>yeong, jeong, McCune–Reischauer ryŏng>yŏng, chŏng, Yale lyeng>yeng, ceng)
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|翎 • (ryeong>yeong) · 翎 • (ryeong>yeong) (hangeul 령>영, revised ryeong>yeong, McCune–Reischauer ryŏng>yŏng, Yale lyeng>yeng)
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|翎
|逞
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|翕
|週
|Cantonese · Jyutping : jap¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hip ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : hip
|Considered a 後起字／后起字 (hòuqǐzì). Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 辶 (“walking”) + phonetic 周 (OC *tjɯw). \ Same word as 周 (OC *tjɯw).
|friendly; compliant • 58th tetragram of the Taixuanjing (𝌿) • (Sichuanese) to crack ‖ to smother; to be suffocated • to take a picture
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiu
|week • circumference • turn; cycle • anniversary
| ‖ 週(しゅう) • (shū) ^(←しう (siu)?) ‖ 週(しゅう) • (-shū) ^(←しう (siu)?) ‖ 週(しゅう) • (Shū) ^(←しう (siu)?)
|week ‖ a week (unit of time) ‖ weeks ‖ a male or female given name
|週 (eumhun 돌 주 (dol ju))
|hanja form of 주 (“week (unit of time)”)
|Hán-Nôm : chu • Hán-Nôm : châu
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|週
|-
|逼
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *prɯɡ) : semantic 辶 + phonetic 畐 (OC *pʰrɯɡ, *bɯɡ). ‖ Probably from 別／别 (piat). ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piak • Middle-Chinese : pik ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : pik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : piak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pik
|to compel; to pressure; to force • to press for; to extort • to approach; to press on • (literary) narrow • (Cantonese) crowded; packed ‖ (Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to interpret (one's fortune, etc.) ‖ (Mandarin) Alternative form of 屄 (bī) ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 煏
|
|
|翕 • (heup) · 翕 • (heup) (hangeul 흡, revised heup, McCune–Reischauer hŭp, Yale hup)
|to approach • to compel; to force
|
|逼 (eumhun 핍박할 핍 (pipbakhal pip))
|hanja form of 핍 (“to force; to compel”)
|Hán-Nôm : bức • Hán-Nôm : bực
|
|
|翕
|逼
|-
|-
|翟
|逾
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dik⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ti̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tia̍k ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaak⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ti̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thi̍k
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lo) : semantic 辶 + phonetic 俞 (OC *l̥ʰus, *lo).
|(archaic) a long-tailed species of pheasant • (historical) pheasant plumes used in dances • (obsolete) things decorated with pheasant plumes • Alternative form of 狄 ‖ a surname
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : û • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jî • Middle-Chinese : yu
|
|^† to go over; to pass over; to exceed • (literary) even more
|kind of pheasant
|翟 • (jeok, chaek) · 翟 • (jeok, chaek) (hangeul 적, 책, revised jeok, chaek, McCune–Reischauer chŏk, ch'aek, Yale cek, chayk)
|pheasant
|
|
|翟
|-
|翡
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fei² • Cantonese · Jyutping : fei⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huí
|a kind of red kingfisher • Used in 翡翠 (fěicuì, “kingfisher; jadeite”).
|
|
|逾 • (yu) · 逾 • (yu) (hangeul 유)
|
|
|翡 • (bi) · 翡 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi, Yale pi)
|
|
|
|
|翡
|逾
|-
|-
|翱
|遏
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kō • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kô
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qaːd) : semantic 辵 (“to walk”) + phonetic 曷 (OC *ɡaːd).
|to spread wings and fly
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aat³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : at • Hokkien · Tai-lo : a̍t • Middle-Chinese : 'at
|to stop; to suppress; to curb; to check • (Hokkien) to snap something off; to break something • (Hokkien) to drain; to strain (by pressing down on the solids) • (Hokkien) to drain; to strain (by pressing down on the solids) · (Taiwanese Hokkien) to scoop off the scum on the surface of a soup while pressing down on the solids with a ladle
|
|
|
|
|翱 • (go) · 翱 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko)
|遏 • (al) · 遏 • (al) (hangeul 알, revised al, McCune–Reischauer al, Yale al)
|
|
|
|
|翱
|
|遏
|-
|-
|翳
|遙
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ai³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : è • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ì
|(literary) shade; screen • nebula • (literary) to hide; to conceal • (literary) to shade; to screen • (literary) feather cover of vehicle • (Mainland China Hokkien) gloomy clouds
| ‖ 翳(えい) • (ei) ‖ 翳(えい) • (ei)
|to hide; to conceal • to shade • shadow ‖ shade; shadow (interchangeable with 影 (ei)) ‖
|翳 (eum 예 (ye))
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iâu • Middle-Chinese : yew
|distant; far away
|
|
|翳
|-
|翹
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kiu⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : giu⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kiu³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiàu
|long tail feathers of a bird; rectrix • bird's tail • animal's tail • to lift; to raise • to expose; to reveal; to uncover; to arouse • (colloquial, of wooden plank, paper, etc.) to become twisted; to be warped from water damage • outstanding; extraordinary • high; dangerous • lush; luxuriant • (historical) a kind of hair jewelry worn by ancient women, shaped like a bird's tail • Alternative form of 篪 (chí, “ancient musical instrument”) ‖ (colloquial) to stick up (one end of an object, such as a tail); to curl up; to turn upwards • (colloquial) to leave in stealth; to play truant; to wag (from school)
|
|
|excellence
|遙 • (yo) · 遙 • (yo) (hangeul 요, revised yo, McCune–Reischauer yo, Yale yo)
|翹 • (gyo) · 翹 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo, Yale kyo)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : diêu • Hán-Nôm : dao • Hán-Nôm : dìu
|
|
|翹
|遙
|-
|-
|耆
|遜
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˋ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *suːns) : semantic 辵 (“to walk”) + phonetic 孫 (OC *suːn). \ Cognate with 孫 (OC *suːn, “grandchild”).
|man of sixty • aged; old; senior • tyrannical • to detest; to abhor ‖ to cause; to result in ‖ Original form of 嗜 (shì, “to be fond of”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sùn • Middle-Chinese : swonH
|humble; modest • to abdicate; (of an emperor) to give up the throne • (literary) inferior • (literary) to flee; to escape; to evade • (Internet slang) lame
|
|
|senility
|modest; humble • inferior • to defer, to give up something • to escape, to flee
|耆 • (gi, chi) · 耆 • (gi, chi) (hangeul 기, 치, revised gi, chi, McCune–Reischauer ki, ch'i, Yale ki, chi)
|遜 (eumhun 겸손할 손 (gyeomsonhal son))
|hanja form of 손 (“modesty”)
|Hán-Nôm : tốn
|
|
|
|遜
|耆
|-
|-
|耒
|遞
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : loi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luī ‖  
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'eːʔ, *l'eːs) : semantic 辶 + phonetic 虒 (OC *sle). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'eːʔ, *l'eːs) : semantic 辶 + phonetic 虒 (OC *sle). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'eːʔ, *l'eːs) : semantic 辶 + phonetic 虒 (OC *sle).
|handle of plow • plow ‖  
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tè • Middle-Chinese : dejX • Middle-Chinese : dejH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : daai³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sai⁶
|to take turns; to do something in turns; to alternate; to substitute • to pass; to hand over; to deliver; to transmit • (literary, or in compounds) in succession; in order; successively; progressively • posthouse; post carriage • (Cantonese) to lift; to raise ‖ to surround; to twine; to twist around ‖ Alternative form of 逝 (shì, “to pass”)
|
|
|
|
|耒 • (roe>noe) · 耒 • (roe>noe) (hangeul 뢰>뇌, revised roe>noe, McCune–Reischauer roe>noe, Yale loy>noy)
|遞 (eumhun 갈마들 체 (galmadeul che))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : đệ • Hán-Nôm : đự • Hán-Nôm : đư • Hán-Nôm : đưa
|
|
|耒
|遞
|-
|-
|耜
|遲
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci⁵
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'il) : semantic 辶 (“motion”) + phonetic 犀 (OC *sliːl) – to move slowly, to be late. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'il) : semantic 辶 (“motion”) + phonetic 犀 (OC *sliːl) – to move slowly, to be late.
|(archaic) plowshare
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tî • Middle-Chinese : drij ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi⁶
|late; tardy • slow; sluggish (of action or thought) • to delay; to linger • to hesitate • a surname ‖ to await • to long for; to wish • upon; then; consequently
|
|
|late, tardy • slow • delay
|遲 • (ji, chi) · 遲 • (ji, chi) (hangeul 지, 치, revised ji, chi, McCune–Reischauer chi, ch'i, Yale ci, chi)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|遲
|耜
|-
|-
|聱
|邀
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngou⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˊ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qlew, *kleːw) : semantic 辶 + phonetic 敫 (OC *kleːwɢs, *ɢlewɢ, *kleːwɢ). ‖ Compare Hokkien 交 (kiau).
|not taking others' advice • uneven ‖ mixed; (of sounds) noisy (see the compounds)
|Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : io • Middle-Chinese : kew • Middle-Chinese : 'jiew ‖
|to invite; to welcome • to intercept; to block • (literary) to await the arrival of and welcome • (literary) to solicit; to seek • (literary) to meet; to intercept • (Northern Min, Waxiang) and ‖ to lead; to bring (someone) • to give birth to • to look after (someone); to take care of
|
|
|poor sentences • bent and twisted • too complicated
|聱 • (o) · 聱 • (o) (hangeul 오, revised o, McCune–Reischauer o, Yale o)
|bent and twisted • too complicated
|
|
|聱
|邀 • (yo) · 邀 • (yo) (hangeul 요, revised yo, McCune–Reischauer yo, Yale yo)
|-
|聳
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sung² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshàng
|deaf • urge on • rise up; raise up • erect • to reward • to scare; to frighten • lofty
|
|
|rise • tower
|canonical : 邀: Hán Việt readings: yêu
|聳 (eum 용 (yong))
|chữ Hán form of yêu (“invite”).
|urge on • rise up • stir, excite • to raise up • lofty
|邀
|
|聳
|-
|-
|聶
|邊
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nip⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liap
|Originally 臱. Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mpeːn) : phonetic 臱 (OC *men) + semantic 辶 (“walking;movement”). The semantic component 辵 (now 辶) was added during bronze inscriptions. \ Perhaps cognate with 偏 (OC *pʰen, *pʰens, “side; oblique”), 片 (OC *pʰeːns, “partial; one-sided”), 諞 (OC *ben, *brenʔ, *benʔ, “glib-tongued; insincere”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ ; “to have hot pot” ‖
|to whisper (into one's ear) • a surname
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pian • Middle-Chinese : pen ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : bin¹
|
|edge; side; margin; brim • decorative border • side (place next to an object) • border; boundary • (geometry) side (Classifier: 條／条) • (graph theory) side (Classifier: 條／条) • limit; boundary • side (of a family, negotiation, etc.) • Suffix for locality noun. • (Cantonese) close to edges • (used before each verb of simultaneous actions) while • (used after numerals or words indicating time) close to; near • (Hong Kong Cantonese, usually reduplicated, always used with 佢) to have hot pot • a surname: Bian ‖ (Cantonese) which • (Cantonese) where • (Cantonese, rhetorical question) how
|
|
|聶 • (seop) · 聶 • (seop) (hangeul 섭, revised seop, McCune–Reischauer sŏp, Yale sep)
|
|
|邊 (eumhun 가 변 (ga byeon))
|hanja form of 변 (“edge”) • hanja form of 변 (“side”)
|Hán-Nôm : biên • Hán-Nôm : ben • Hán-Nôm : bên • Hán-Nôm : ven
|
|
|聶
|邊
|-
|-
|聾
|邸
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lâng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lông
|deaf
|
|
|deafness • deaf
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dai² • Middle-Chinese : tejX
|聾 • (rong>nong) · 聾 • (rong>nong) (hangeul 롱>농, revised rong>nong, McCune–Reischauer rong>nong, Yale long>nong)
|residence of a high-ranking official • (literary) lodging house • a surname
|
|
|
|
|聾
|邸 • (jeo) · 邸 • (jeo) (hangeul 저, revised jeo, McCune–Reischauer chŏ, Yale ce)
|-
|house • government office
|聿
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyut⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leot⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wat⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : u̍t
|Original form of 筆／笔 (bǐ, “writing brush; pencil”). • sentence-initial or sentence-medial introductory particle: then; and then; thereupon • a surname
|
|
|writing brush, pencil • thereupon
|聿 (eumhun 붓 율 (but yul))
|Hanja form of 율 (“writing brush, paint brush”).
|
|
|聿
|邸
|-
|-
|肄
|郁
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ī
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʷɯ) : phonetic 有 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ) + semantic 邑.
|practice; study
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : juk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iok • Middle-Chinese : 'juwk
|Used in 郁夷 (“name of an ancient county in modern-day Shaanxi province”). • sweet-smelling; rich in aroma; fragrant • Alternative form of 彧 (yù, “adorned; elegant; ornate”) • Alternative form of 薁 (“oriental bush berry”) • Alternative form of 燠 (“warm”) • fruit which lacks a kernel or stone inside • a surname
| ‖ 郁(いく) • (iku) ‖ 郁(かおる) • (Kaoru)
|culture, cultural progress • fragrance, perfume ‖ fragrant; sweet-smelling • cultured; refined ‖ a unisex given name
|郁 • (uk) · 郁 • (uk) (hangeul 욱, revised uk, McCune–Reischauer uk, Yale wuk)
|sweet smelling • rich in aroma
|Hán-Nôm : hóc
|
|
|郁
|-
|鄂
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːɡ) : phonetic 咢 (OC *ŋaːɡ) + semantic 阝 (“area”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngok⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : go̍k • Middle-Chinese : ngak
|E (an ancient state located in modern Shanxi, Henan and Hubei, China) • name of two ancient counties in Hubei and Henan • name of an ancient city in modern Shanxi • a region of ancient China around Nanyang in present-day eastern Henan • Short for 湖北 (Húběi).: Hubei (a province of China) • forehead • tool to capture animals • a surname
|
|
|肄 • (i) · 肄 • (i) (hangeul 이, revised i, McCune–Reischauer i, Yale i)
|
|
|鄂 (eum 악 (ak))
|E (an ancient state located in modern Shanxi, Henan and Hubei, China) • name of two ancient counties in Hubei and Henan • name of an ancient city in modern Shanxi • a region of ancient China around Nanyang in present-day eastern Henan • Abbreviation of 湖北: Hubei (a province of China)
|Hán-Nôm : ngạc
|
|
|肄
|鄂
|-
|-
|肓
|鄙
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fong¹
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *prɯʔ) : phonetic 啚 (OC *prɯʔ, *daː) + 邑.
|(traditional Chinese medicine) the part of human body between the heart and the diaphragm, which was thought to be unreachable by medicament
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pí • Middle-Chinese : pijX
|mean; ignoble • (humble) my • (literary) to despise; to hold in contempt • (literary) countryside; country • (literary) remote place; march
| ‖ 鄙(とひと) • (tohito)
| ‖ (archaic, derogatory) a countrified or rustic person: a hick, a bumpkin
|鄙 • (bi) · 鄙 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi, Yale pi)
|mean • low
|Hán-Nôm : bỉ • Hán-Nôm : bẽ
|
|
|inaccessible region of the body (between the heart and the diaphragm)
|鄙
|肓 • (hwang) · 肓 • (hwang) (hangeul 황, revised hwang, McCune–Reischauer hwang, Yale hwang)
|-
|鄰
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rin) : phonetic 粦 (OC *rins) + semantic 阝.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leon⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîn • Middle-Chinese : lin
|neighbor; neighborhood • to be neighboring; to be adjacent
|
|
|neighbor • neighborhood
|鄰 (eumhun 이웃 린 (iut rin), word-initial (South Korea) 이웃 인 (iut in))
|hanja form of 린/인 (“neighbor”) • hanja form of 린/인 (“neighborhood”)
|Hán-Nôm : lân • Hán-Nôm : láng • Hán-Nôm : lăn • Hán-Nôm : trăn • Hán-Nôm : trằn
|
|
|肓
|鄰
|-
|-
|肫
|酗
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeon¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄣˊ
|Written as 䣱 in Shuowen. Compare 醺 (OC *qʰun). \ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰos) : semantic 酉 (“alcohol”) + phonetic 凶 (OC *qʰoŋ, “bad”).
|(obsolete) cheek • stomach of birds; gizzard of birds • (literary) sincere ‖ Alternative form of 純／纯 ‖ Alternative form of 豚
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : heoi³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hù • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hì • Middle-Chinese : xjuH
|
|to be given to heavy drinking • to be roaring drunk; to become violent under the influence of alcohol
|gizzard of fowl • honest • sincere
|肫 • (sun) · 肫 • (sun) (hangeul 순, revised sun, McCune–Reischauer sun, Yale swun)
|gizzard of fowl • honest • sincere
|
|
|肫
|drunk • to become violent under the influence of alcohol
|酗 • (hu) · 酗 • (hu) (hangeul 후, revised hu, McCune–Reischauer hu, Yale hwu)
|drunk • to become violent under the influence of alcohol
|canonical : 酗: Hán Việt readings: hú • canonical : húng • canonical : hung 酗: Nôm readings: hú
|chữ Hán form of húng (“drunk”).
|酗
|-
|-
|肱
|酣
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwang¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : king
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢaːm) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 酉 (“alcohol”) + phonetic 甘 (OC *kaːm).
|(anatomy) upper arm • (figurative) minister of the emperor
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ham⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ham • Middle-Chinese : ham
| ‖ 肱(ひじ) • (hiji) ^(←ひぢ (fidi)?)
|to drink alcohol to one's heart's content • to enjoy drinking alcohol • in a carefree manner; to the fullest and joyfully • (of a fight) intense; fierce
| ‖ Alternative spelling of 肘
|肱 (eum 굉 (goeng))
|
|
|
|
|肱
|酣 • (geom) · 酣 • (geom) (hangeul 검, revised geom, McCune–Reischauer kŏm, Yale kem)
|-
|胆
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : hàm • Hán-Nôm : ham
|
|
| ‖ 胆(い) • (i)
|酣
|gall bladder • courage ‖ gallbladder; liver
|-
|胆 • (dam) · 胆 • (dam) (hangeul 담, revised dam, McCune–Reischauer tam, Yale tam)
|酥
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sŋaː) : semantic 酉 (“alcohol”) + abbreviated phonetic 穌 (OC *sŋaː).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : soo • Middle-Chinese : su
|(archaic) butter • alcohol • crispy; flaky; crunchy; crumbly • flaky pastry; shortbread • weak; limp • soft; satiny
|
|
|milk
|酥 • (so) · 酥 • (so) (hangeul 소, revised so, McCune–Reischauer so, Yale so)
|butter • flaky • crispy, light, fluffy
|Hán-Nôm : tô
|
|
|胆
|酥
|-
|-
|胛
|醇
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaap³
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djun) : semantic 酉 + phonetic 𦎧 ().
|shoulder, shoulder blade
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sûn • Middle-Chinese : dzywin
|(of alcoholic drink) rich; pure • rich alcoholic drink • Alternative form of 純／纯 (“pure”) • (organic chemistry) alcohol
|
|
|rich wine
|醇 (eum 순 (sun))
|
|
|胛 • (gap) · 胛 • (gap) (hangeul 갑, revised gap, McCune–Reischauer kap, Yale kap)
|Hán-Nôm : thuần
|
|
|醇
|-
|醋
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰaːɡs) : semantic 酉 + phonetic 昔 (OC *sjaːɡ). ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshòo • Middle-Chinese : tshuH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zok⁶
|(literal) vinegar • (figurative, chiefly between lovers) jealousy; envy; bitterness • (Hainanese, figurative) glutton ‖ Alternative form of 酢
| ‖ 醋(す) • (su)
|vinegar ‖ Alternative spelling of 酢 (“vinegar”)
|醋 • (cho, jak) · 醋 • (cho, jak) (hangeul 초, 작, revised cho, jak, McCune–Reischauer ch'o, chak, Yale cho, cak)
|
|
|胛
|Hán-Nôm : thố
|
|醋
|-
|-
|胤
|醫
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : īn
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qɯ) : phonetic 殹 (OC *qiːs) + semantic 酉 (“liquor”). \ Alternatively, as an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 殹 (“to groan”) + 酉 (“liquor”) – using medicinal liquor to treat a groaning patient. \ Schuessler (2007) minimally reconstructs Old Chinese *ʔə and suggests it is cognate with Proto-Hlai *ja¹ (“medicine”), Proto-Kam-Sui *gja² (“medicine; to cure”), Proto-Tai *ˀjɯəᴬ (“medicine”).
|(literary) progeny; posterity; descendants • (literary) heir; successor
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : i • Middle-Chinese : 'i
| ‖ 胤(たね) • (tane) ‖ 胤(いん) • (in)
|medicinal; medicine • doctor • to cure; to treat • (Sichuanese) to punish
| ‖ paternal blood, offspring ‖ lineage; descendant
|胤 (eum 윤 (yun))
|
|
|
|
|胤
|醫 (eumhun 의원 의 (uiwon ui))
|hanja form of 의 (“medicine; doctor”)
|Hán-Nôm : y
|
|醫
|-
|-
|胥
|釋
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : su
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hljaɡ) : semantic 釆 (“distinguish”) + phonetic 睪 (OC *neb, *laːɡ, *kuː). \ ;Buddhist monastic surname \ Popularized by Dao'an as a common surname for all Buddhist monastics by taking the first character of Śākyamuni Buddha's transliterated Chinese name, 釋迦牟尼／释迦牟尼 (Shìjiāmóuní). \ : \ 初魏晉沙門依師為姓，故姓各不同，安以為大師之本，莫尊釋迦，乃以釋命氏。 [Classical Chinese, trad.] \ 初魏晋沙门依师为姓，故姓各不同，安以为大师之本，莫尊释迦，乃以释命氏。 [Classical Chinese, simp.] \ From: 高僧傳 \ Chū Wèi Jìn shāmén yī shī wèi xìng, gù xìng gè bùtóng, Ān yǐwèi dàshī zhī běn, mò zūn Shìjiā, nǎi yǐ Shì mìng shì. [Pinyin] \ At the beginning of the Wei and Jin, śramaṇas all took their surname from their teachers, and thus their surnames were all different. Dao'an believed that the archetype of all great teachers could not be anyone other than Śākya[muni], and thus gave Shi as their lineage.
|(historical) officer who was responsible for capturing thieves • (literary) all • (Classical) mutually • a surname
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sik • Middle-Chinese : syek
|to explain; to elucidate • to release • (Buddhism) Short for 釋迦牟尼／释迦牟尼 (Shìjiāmóuní, “Shakyamuni”). • 21st tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "release, freedom" (𝌚) • a surname, customarily adopted by Buddhist monks and nuns upon their ordination.
|
|
|
|
|胥 • (seo) · 胥 • (seo) (hangeul 서, revised seo, McCune–Reischauer sŏ, Yale se)
|釋 • (seok) · 釋 • (seok) (hangeul 석)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : thích
|
|
|胥
|釋
|-
|-
|胭
|釜
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ian
|Short for 胭脂 (yānzhi).
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hú • Middle-Chinese : bjuX
|cauldron; pot; kettle • (obsolete) A measure of capacity.
| ‖ 釜(かま) • (kama)
|kettle, cauldron ‖ an iron pot, a kettle
|
|
|hanja form of 부 (“cauldron; pot”)
|Hán-Nôm : phủ
|
|
|釜
|-
|釣
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pleːwɢs) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 勺 (OC *pljewɢ, *bljewɢ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiàu • Middle-Chinese : tewH
|to fish; to angle • (figurative) to go after; to tempt; to lure • fishhook
|
|
|fishing, angling, catching • change, small cash
|釣 • (jo) · 釣 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho, Yale co)
|
|
|胭
|Hán-Nôm : điếu
|-
|胱
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kong
|Only used in 膀胱 (pángguāng, “bladder”).
|
|bladder
|胱 (eumhun 오줌통 광 (ojumtong gwang))
|Hanja form of 광 (“bladder”).
|
|
|胱
|釣
|-
|-
|脩
|鈴
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄠˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˊ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːŋ) : semantic 金 + phonetic 令 (OC *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mriŋ (“sound; noise; animal cry”); cognate with 鳴 (OC *mreŋ, “to make a sound”), 笙 (OC *sreŋ), Burmese မြည် (mrany, “to make a sound”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT). ‖ Possibly borrowed from English rim.
|(literary) dried meat (presented to teachers as payment) • (literary) dried meat (presented to teachers as payment) · (by extension, historical) payment for teachers in ancient China • (literary) Alternative form of 修 (xiū) • to dry out; to wither • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 卣 (yǒu, “painted wine vessel”) ‖ Name of a county. ‖ Only used in 脩脩 (xiāoxiāo). ‖ Alternative form of 滌／涤 (dí, “to wash; to cleanse”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Middle-Chinese : leng ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : ling¹
| ‖ 脩(おさむ) • (Osamu)
|bell; chime • a surname: Ling ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 軨／𫐉 (“wheel rim”) (Classifier: 條／条 c)
|dried meat ‖ a male given name
| ‖ 鈴(すず) • (suzu) ‖ 鈴(すず) • (Suzu) ‖ 鈴(れい) • (rei) ‖ 鈴(れい) • (Rei) ‖ 鈴(りん) • (rin) ‖ 鈴(りん) • (Rin)
|脩 • (su) · 脩 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu)
|bell, chime ‖ a bell, chime • (historical) Synonym of 駅鈴 (ekirei): station bells issued to 駅使 (ekishi) • 鐸: a large wind chime, a hanging bell with a clapper ‖ a female given name • a surname ‖ a bell, chime • (Buddhism) a singing bowl ‖ a female given name • a surname ‖ a bell, chime • an electric bell • (Buddhism) a singing bowl ‖ a female given name
|鈴 • (ryeong>yeong) · 鈴 • (ryeong>yeong) (hangeul 령>영, revised ryeong>yeong, McCune–Reischauer ryŏng>yŏng, Yale lyeng>yeng)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : linh • Hán-Nôm : lệnh
|
|
|脩
|鈴
|-
|-
|脹
|錄
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiàng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiùnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiònn
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roɡ) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 彔 (OC *b·roːɡ).
|to expand; to increase in size; to swell • (medicine, of muscles, skin, etc.) to swell • (medicine) to have edema; to have dropsy
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lio̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lo̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : li̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : la̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lia̍k
|to record; to write down • to accept; to employ • to record (using instruments) • record; register • (Xiamen Hokkien) to gold plate (to decorate instruments)
|
|
|swell, dilate, distend, bulge
|copy • write down • record
|脹 (eumhun 부을 창 (bueul chang))
|錄 (eumhun 기록할 록 (girokhal rok), word-initial (South Korea) 기록할 녹 (girokhal nok))
|Hanja form of 창 (“to expand; to swell”).
|hanja form of 록/녹 (“write down; to record”)
|Hán-Nôm : lục
|
|
|脹
|錄
|-
|-
|腆
|錠
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tin² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thián
|prosperous • good • protruding
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ding³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ding² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ding⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tìng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiànn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tīng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiǎnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiānn • Middle-Chinese : dengH • Middle-Chinese : tengH
|spindle • ingot-shaped tablet (of metal, medicine, etc.) • Classifier for ingot-shaped objects: ingot
| ‖ 錠(じょう) • (jō) ^(←ぢやう (dyau)?) ‖ 錠(じょう) • (-jō) ^(←ぢやう (dyau)?) ‖ 錠(じょうまえ) • (jōmae) ^(←ぢやうまへ (dyaumafe)?)
| ‖ a device used to make a door unopenable: a lock ‖ lozenge (of medicine) ‖ Alternative spelling of 錠前 (“lock, padlock”)
|錠 • (jeong) · 錠 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng, Yale ceng)
|
|
|腆 (eum 전 (jeon))
|
|
|
|
|腆
|錠
|-
|-
|腑
|錢
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hú
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔslenʔ, *zlen) : semantic 金 (“metal; gold; money”) + phonetic 戔 (OC *zlaːn). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔslenʔ, *zlen) : semantic 金 (“metal; gold; money”) + phonetic 戔 (OC *zlaːn).
|viscera
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsînn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsên • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiân • Middle-Chinese : dzjen ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin² • Middle-Chinese : tsjenX
| ‖ 腑(ふ) • (fu) ^(←ふ (fu)?)
|money; cash • currency; coins • cost; fund; expense • coin-shaped object • mace (unit of weight equivalent to one tenth of a 兩／两 (liǎng, “tael”) and equal to ten 分 (fēn, “candareen”)) • a surname. Qian, listed second in the Baijiaxing & the dynasty of the kings of Wuyue ‖ a kind of farm tool
|viscera ‖
|腑 (eumhun 육부 부 (yukbu bu))
|Hanja form of 부 (“the six viscera(bowels)”).
|
|
|腑
|-
|腱
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gin³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gin¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiān
|tendons
| ‖ 腱(けん) • (ken)
| ‖ (anatomy) a tendon
|腱 • (geon) · 腱 • (geon) (hangeul 건, revised geon, McCune–Reischauer kŏn, Yale ken)
|
|
|錢 (eumhun 돈 전 (don jeon))
|
|
|腱
|canonical : 錢: Hán Việt readings: tiền 錢: Nôm readings: tiền
|chữ Hán form of tiền (“money”).
|錢
|-
|-
|腳
|鍊
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : goek³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kioh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiok
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·reːns) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 柬 (OC *kreːnʔ).
|(anatomy) foot (Classifier: 隻／只 m c; 雙／双 m c; 對／对 c) • base; leg; foundation • Alternative form of 角 (jué, “role; part; character”) • (Cantonese) person who joins an activity
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liān • Middle-Chinese : lenH
|to smelt; to refine • (figurative) to measure (one's words); to polish (one's wording) • (figurative) to temper; to steel; to cultivate • a surname
|
|
|to smelt (metals) • to forge • to refine
|鍊 (eumhun 불릴 련 (bullil ryeon), word-initial (South Korea) 불릴 연 (bullil yeon))
|hanja form of 련/연 (“smelt metals, forge”) • hanja form of 련/연 (“refine”)
|Hán-Nôm : luyện • Hán-Nôm : rèn • Hán-Nôm : rén
|
|
|腳 (eumhun 다리 각 (dari gak))
|鍊
|-
|鍋
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kloːl) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 咼 (OC *kʰʷroːl). \ Area word; compare Proto-Palaungic *kʔɔɔl (“cooking pot”), Malay kuali (“cooking pot”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ For the sense “blame; fault”, it is a clipping of 黑鍋／黑锅 (hēiguō).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄛ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : e • Hokkien · Tai-lo : er • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ue • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ko • Hokkien · Tai-lo : o • Middle-Chinese : kwa
|cooking pot; pan; wok (Classifier: 隻／只; 口) • (Mainland China, neologism) blame; fault
| ‖ 鍋(なべ) • (nabe)
| ‖ a broad-bottomed pot or pan • short for 鍋料理 (nabe ryōri, literally “pot + cooking”) or 鍋物 (nabemono, literally “pot + thing”), a dish where everything is cooked together in a nabe; compare English hot pot or hotdish • by extension from the sense of someone working with pots and pans: a maidservant • (historical, slang) by further extension from the sense of maidservant: a woman (in reference to sex) • (historical, slang, archaic) during the late Edo period, a 搗米屋 (tsukigomeya, “rice polisher shop, white rice retailer”) who has run out of stock
|鍋 • (gwa) · 鍋 • (gwa) (hangeul 과, revised gwa, McCune–Reischauer kwa, Yale kwa)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : oa
|
|
|腳
|鍋
|-
|-
|膈
|鍛
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaak³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : keh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : keeh ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜˋ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *toːns) : semantic 釒 (“metal”) + phonetic 段 (OC *doːns).
|(anatomy) diaphragm • a kind of bell ‖ Only used in 膈應／膈应 (gèying).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dyun³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuàn • Middle-Chinese : twanH
|to forge; to shape metal • to temper; to refine
| ‖ 鍛(たん) • (tan) ‖ 鍛(きたえ) • (Kitae) ^(←きたへ (kitafe)?)
|to forge • to toughen • workout, discipline, training ‖ forging, smithing • (by extension) refining, disciplining (of the mind, body, etc.) ‖ a male given name
|鍛 (eumhun 불릴 단 (bullil dan))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : đoán • Hán-Nôm : đoàn
|
|
|膈 • (gyeok) · 膈 • (gyeok) (hangeul 격)
|鍛
|-
|鍵
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡran, *ɡranʔ, *ɡanʔ) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 建 (OC *kans) – a metal key.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiàn • Middle-Chinese : gjen • Middle-Chinese : gjonX • Middle-Chinese : gjenX
|door bolt, lock bolt • (music) key (lever on a musical keyboard) • key (button on a typewriter or computer keyboard) • to type • (chemistry) bond • (computing) key (value that uniquely identifies an entry in a container)
| ‖ 鍵(かぎ) • (kagi) ‖ 鍵(けん) • (ken)
| ‖ key (tool for opening or locking something) • key; clue (important fact for solving something) • lock ‖ (computing) key • (music) key
|鍵 (eumhun 열쇠 건 (yeolsoe geon))
|hanja form of 건 (“key”)
|Hán-Nôm : kiện
|
|
|鍵
|-
|鎮
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tin, *tins) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 真 (OC *ʔljin) – to press down on (with a metal weight).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tìn • Middle-Chinese : trin • Middle-Chinese : trinH
|to press down; to suppress; to repress; to subdue • to guard; to garrison • to calm; to tranquilize; to sedate • to awe; to frighten • (of food or drinks) to cool; to chill • stronghold; garrison • town; township • whole; entire (day) • (archaic) for a long time; enduringly; frequently • Used in 鎮星／镇星 (Zhènxīng, “Saturn”). • (Hokkien, Teochew) to block; to impede; to be a hindrance • a surname
|
|to hold down; to press down; to suppress • to calm down; to relax • a weight
|鎮 (eumhun 진압할 진 (jinaphal jin))
|
|Hán-Nôm : trấn • Hán-Nôm : chắn • Hán-Nôm : chận • Hán-Nôm : dấn • Hán-Nôm : sán • Hán-Nôm : sấn • Hán-Nôm : trớn • Hán-Nôm : giấn
|
|
|膈
|鎮
|-
|-
|膠
|鐵
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ka • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kau ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : gaau¹
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰiːɡ) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 𢧜 (OC *l'iːɡ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *hljak (“iron”). Cognate with Tibetan ལྕགས (lcags). According to the Shuowen, alternative forms included 銕 (OC *l'iːl, *l̥ʰiːd). Compare 驖 (OC *l̥ʰiːɡ, *l'iːɡ, “black horse”).
|glue; adhesive; gum; resin • rubber (material) • to glue; to adhere • sticky; gluey • (Cantonese) plastic • Short for 膠州／胶州 (Jiāozhōu). • Short for 膠澳／胶澳. (former name of 青島／青岛 (Qīngdǎo)) • (Wenzhounese) swim bladder ‖ (originally Internet slang) stupid; foolish; dumb • (Internet slang) stupidness; stupidity (Classifier: 打 c) • (originally Internet slang, offensive) idiot; retard • (originally Internet slang, possibly offensive) nerd; enthusiast • (chiefly Internet slang) to act stupidly; to act foolishly
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄝˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thih • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thet • Middle-Chinese : thet
|iron (Fe) • (only in compounds) Short for 鐵路／铁路 (tiělù, “railway”). • arms; weapon (Classifier: 條／条 c; 嚿 c) • strong; solid; firm • ironclad; firm; unalterable • ruthless • (Cantonese, colloquial, always with the classifier) nothing; damn all; jack shit; bugger all (Classifier: 條／条 c) • a surname
|
|
|glue • isinglass
|Kyūjitai form of 鉄 (“iron”)
|膠 • (gyo) · 膠 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo, Yale kyo)
|鐵 (eumhun 쇠 철 (soe cheol))
|hanja form of 쇠 (“iron”)
|Hán-Nôm : thiết • Hán-Nôm : sắt
|
|
|
|鐵
|膠
|-
|-
|膩
|鑄
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nei⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jī ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : nau⁶ ‖
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjos) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 壽 (OC *djuʔ, *djus). Historically, the glyph forms for this character used to be highly composite, with combinations of various ideogrammic (會意／会意) components, including 皿 (“container, crucible, or mould”), 火 (“fire”), 寸 (“hand”), or 𦦡 = 𦥑 (“two hands”) + 鬲 (“cauldron, container”), etc., indicating metal-casting. The phonetic value were signified by the optional component 𠃬, which also appeared in 壽 (OC *djuʔ, *djus).
|fatty; oily • too greasy to bear • (Northern Min) to become soggy • meticulous; delicate; glossy • to make (someone) feel sick; to disgust (someone) • to be sick of; to be tired of • (literary) dirt • sticky; grimy • intimate; close • (Beijing Mandarin) to stick around, causing others to be fed up • (Beijing Mandarin) to stick to (someone); to pester (someone) • (Beijing Mandarin) to fill a crack; to putty • (Sichuanese) to hesitate; to be irresolute ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 腬 (nau6, “heavy; filling; too greasy or sweet”) ‖ (Eastern Min) to nap; to doze
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyu³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsù • Middle-Chinese : tsyuH
|to cast; to melt; to found; to forge • to form; to create; to mould • to cultivate; to train
|
|
|
|
|膩 • (ni>i) · 膩 • (ni>i) (hangeul 니>이, revised ni>i, McCune–Reischauer ni>i, Yale ni>i)
|鑄 • (ju) · 鑄 • (ju) (hangeul 주)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : chú
|
|
|膩
|鑄
|-
|-
|膺
|鑑
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jing¹
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kraːm, *kraːms, *kraːms) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms).
|(literary) breast; chest • (ancient, of horses) breast strap • (literary) to undertake; to bear • (literary) to attack
|
|
|breast
|膺 (eumhun 가슴 응 (gaseum eung))
|Hanja form of 응 (“breasts”).
|
|
|膺
| ‖ 鑑(かがみ) • (kagami) ‖ 鑑(かがみ) • (Kagami) ‖ 鑑(かん) • (kan) ‖ 鑑(かん) • (kan) ‖ 鑑(あきら) • (Akira)
|-
| ‖ an example, exemplar, model, pattern ‖ a surname ‖ a kind of ancient Chinese bronzeware • an example, exemplar, model, pattern ‖ example, exemplar • model, pattern • inspect, examine • evaluate ‖ a male or female given name
|膾
|鑑 (eumhun 거울 감 (geoul gam))
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kui² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuè
|hanja form of 감 (“mirror; inspection”)
|(historical) kuai, a historical Chinese dish consisting of finely cut strips of raw fish or meat • (archaic) to mince; to chop
|Hán-Nôm : giám • Hán-Nôm : gương
| ‖ 膾(なます) • (namasu)
| ‖ namasu, a Japanese dish consisting of thinly sliced uncooked vegetables and meat or seafood, marinated in rice vinegar
|膾 (eumhun 회 회 (hoe hoe))
|Hanja form of 회 (“sliced raw meat or fish”).
|
|
|膾
|鑑
|-
|-
|膿
|閏
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lâng
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 門 (“gate”) + 王 (“king”). The original meaning “intercalary” is derived from kings' ancient practice of remaining within the palace gates on a leap day (which was in excess of the lunar calendar's 364 days, whence the meanings “remainder” and “surplus”), not engaging in their usual governing functions.
|pus
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jeon⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jūn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lūn • Middle-Chinese : nywinH
| ‖ 膿(うみ) • (umi) ‖ 膿(のう) • (nō) ‖ 膿(のう) • (nō)
|intercalary; leap • (literary) surplus; remainder • (literary) deputy; illegitimate; usurped
| ‖ pus ‖ (medicine) pus ‖ (medicine) pus
| ‖ 閏(うるう) • (urū)
|膿 (eumhun 고름 농 (goreum nong))
|intercalary • heresy ‖ intercalary, leap
|Hanja form of 농 (“pus”).
|閏 (eumhun 윤달 윤 (yundal yun))
|hanja form of 윤 (“intercalary”)
|Hán-Nôm : nhuận • Hán-Nôm : nhộn • Hán-Nôm : nhuần • Hán-Nôm : nhún
|
|
|膿
|閏
|-
|-
|臃
|閥
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iong
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bad) : semantic 門 + phonetic 伐 (OC *bad). \ Meaning "valve" is borrowed from English valve.
|Used in 臃腫／臃肿 (yōngzhǒng, “obese; swollen; overstaffed”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fat⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hua̍t • Middle-Chinese : bjot
|contribution • family status • powerful and influential group • valve
|
|
|powerful and influential group; a clique
|閥 • (beol) · 閥 • (beol) (hangeul 벌, revised beol, McCune–Reischauer pŏl, Yale pel)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : phiệt
|
|
|
|閥
|
|臃
|-
|-
|臉
|關
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˇㄦ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lim⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lim⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lián • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liám ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cim¹
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kroːn) : semantic 門 (“door”) + phonetic 𢇅 () – to stop the door from opening with a wooden stick. \ The bronze inscription was in the form of 門 (“door”) + 卝 (“door closed”). 卝 might also serve as a phonetic component. \ Compare Proto-Southwestern Tai *klɔːnᴬ² (“latch of door; rafter”), whence Thai กลอน (glɔɔn) (Schuessler, 2007).
|(anatomy) cheek • (anatomy) face (Classifier: 張／张 m) • (by extension) facial expression; complexion • (figurative) front part of something • (figurative) reputation; face; image ‖ meat soup
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuainn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuann • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuenn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuan • Middle-Chinese : kwaen
|door bolt • to close; to shut • to close down (a business) • to lock up; to detain • to turn off; to switch off • (literary) to go through; to pass • to concern; to implicate; to relate to • frontier pass; border control; checkpoint (controlled passage) • (specifically) Shanhai Pass • area just outside a city gate • difficult time; critical juncture • key; crucial part • (video games) Short for 關卡／关卡 (guānqiǎ, “level”). • (traditional Chinese medicine) Short for 關上／关上 (guānshàng, “guan, a pulse position on the wrist”). • (dated) to issue or receive payment • a surname
| ‖ 關(せき) • (Seki)
|Kyūjitai form of 関 ‖ a surname
|關 (eumhun 빗장 관 (bitjang gwan)) ‖ 關 (eumhun 당길 완 (danggil wan))
|hanja form of 관 (“relation; barrier”) ‖ (literary Chinese) Alternative form of 彎 (“hanja form of 완 (“stretching a bow; to draw a bow”)”)
|Hán-Nôm : quan
|
|
|cheek • face
|關
|臉 (eumhun 뺨 검 (ppyam geom))
|cheek • face
|
|臉
|-
|-
|臍
|阜
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsâi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsê
|Pictogram (象形) , a row of hills.
|navel
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fau⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hǔ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hū • Middle-Chinese : bjuwX
| ‖ 臍(へそ) • (heso) ‖ 臍(ほぞ) • (hozo)
|(literary) mound • (literary) abundant; rich • a surname
| ‖ (anatomy) navel ‖ (anatomy) navel
| ‖  
|臍 (eumhun 배꼽 제 (baekkop je))
|mound, dam ‖  
|Hanja form of 제 (“navel”).
|阜 (eumhun 언덕 부 (eondeok bu))
|hanja form of 부 (“hill”)
|Hán-Nôm : phụ
|
|
|臍
|阜
|-
|-
|臏
|阪
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ban³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pan⁵
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *braːnʔ, *panʔ) : semantic 阝 (“mound”) + phonetic 反 (OC *panʔ, *pʰan) – hill, slope.
|Alternative form of 髕／髌 (bìn, “kneecap; cutting off kneecaps as a form of punishment”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baan² • Cantonese · Jyutping : faan² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puánn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huán • Middle-Chinese : pjonX • Middle-Chinese : baenX
|
|hillside farmland • slope
|the kneecap
| ‖ 阪(はん) • (han) ^(←はん (fan)?)
|臏 • (bin) · 臏 • (bin) (hangeul 빈, revised bin, McCune–Reischauer pin, Yale pin)
|slope, hillside ‖ Short for 大阪 (Ōsaka, “Ōsaka (a city in Japan)”).
|kneecap
|阪 (eumhun 언덕 판 (eondeok pan))
|hanja form of 판 (“slope; hill”)
|Hán-Nôm : phản • Hán-Nôm : bản
|
|
|臏
|阪
|-
|-
|臘
|阿
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laap⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lip⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : la̍p • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lia̍p • Hokkien · Tai-lo : la̍h
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qaːl) : semantic 阜 + phonetic 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ): Originally meaning a big mound. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔa(ŋ/k)- (“noun prefix”) (STEDT). \ ; “atto-” ‖
|year-end sacrifice to the gods • twelfth month of the Chinese lunar calendar • dried preserved meat; cured meat
|Cantonese · Jyutping : aa³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : a • Hokkien · Tai-lo : o ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜ • Cantonese · Jyutping : o¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : o • Hokkien · Tai-lo : oo • Middle-Chinese : 'a
| ‖ 臘(ろう) • (rō)
|Prefix used in front of the surname or last character of someone’s given name to express familiarity or friendliness (traditionally used in rural or southern Chinese dialects). • (Hokkien, honorific) Prefix to rank seniority for kinship terms. • (Nanjing Mandarin, Northern Wu, including Suzhounese) Interrogative particle • Alternative form of 啊 (ā, á, ǎ, à, a, “particle”) • Short for 阿富汗 (Āfùhàn, “Afghanistan”). • Short for 阿爾巴尼亞／阿尔巴尼亚 (Ā'ěrbāníyà, “Albania”). • Short for 阿拉伯 (Ālābó, “Arabic”). • atto- (SI unit prefix) ‖ big mound; mountain • hillside • fine silks • (literary, of a mountain or stream) bend; corner • waterside • nearby; near • to flatter; to pander to • to be unfairly partial to • Alternative form of 屙 (ē, “to excrete”) • a surname
| ‖ a Buddhist ceremony held in winter on the third day of the dog • the twelfth month of the lunar-solar calendar • a year in Buddhism after one completes a meditation retreat
| ‖ 阿(あ) • (a) ‖ 阿(あ) • (a)
|臘 • (rap>nap) · 臘 • (rap>nap) (hangeul 랍>납, revised rap>nap, McCune–Reischauer rap>nap, Yale lap>nap)
| ‖ The first letter of Sanskrit, अ (a). ‖ to flatter; to pander to • ridge (of roof); eaves • A prefix expressing familiarity. • Used as a phonetic element, especially in words from Sanskrit. • Short for アフリカ (Afurika, “Africa”). • Short for 阿波国 (Awa no kuni, “Awa Province”).
|阿 (eumhun 언덕 아 (eondeok a)) · 阿 (eumhun 호칭 옥 (hoching ok))
|
|
|canonical : 阿: Hán Việt readings: a • canonical : á 阿: Nôm readings: a • canonical : à
|
|
|臘
|阿
|-
|-
|臚
|陋
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁴
|(literary) to display; to list
|
|
|
|臚 • (ryeo>yeo) · 臚 • (ryeo>yeo) (hangeul 려>여, revised ryeo>yeo, McCune–Reischauer ryŏ>yŏ, Yale lye>ye)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liō • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lōo • Middle-Chinese : luwH
|plain; ugly • vulgar; coarse; unrefined • humble; mean • (of knowledge) limited; shallow
|
|
|small • narrow • ugly • ignoble, mean
|陋 • (ru>nu) · 陋 • (ru>nu) (hangeul 루>누, revised ru>nu, McCune–Reischauer ru>nu, Yale lwu>nwu)
|
|
|臚
|canonical : 陋: Hán Việt readings: lậu 陋: Nôm readings: lậu
|chữ Hán form of lậu (“ugly”). • chữ Hán form of lậu (“narrow”).
|陋
|-
|-
|臧
|陌
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zong¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zong¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cong⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zong⁶
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mbraːɡ) : semantic 阝 + phonetic 百 (OC *praːɡ).
|(literary) good; right; generous • (literary) to praise; to commend • a surname ‖ (derogatory) slave; enslaved captive • Alternative form of 贓／赃 (zāng, “booty; loot; stolen goods”) ‖ Alternative form of 藏 (“to hide; to store”) ‖ Alternative form of 藏 (zàng, “storing pace; depository”) • Alternative form of 臟／脏 (zàng, “internal organs, viscera”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mak⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maak⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bi̍k • Middle-Chinese : maek
|(literary) footpath between fields going east to west • street; path; road
|
|
|(financial, archaic) one hundred
|陌 • (maek) · 陌 • (maek) (hangeul 맥, revised maek, McCune–Reischauer maek, Yale mayk)
|
|
|臧 (eum 장 (jang))
|Hán-Nôm : mạch • Hán-Nôm : méc
|
|
|
|陌
|臧
|-
|-
|臻
|陛
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeon¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsin
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *biːʔ) : semantic 阝 + phonetic 坒 (OC *bis, *biɡ).
|(literary) to attain; to realize • (literary) to arrive; to reach; to come
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pē • Middle-Chinese : bejX
|(archaic) flight of steps; (specifically) steps leading to the throne in a palace
|
|
|highness • steps of a throne
|陛 (eumhun 섬돌 폐 (seomdol pye))
|
|
|臻 • (jin) · 臻 • (jin) (hangeul 진, revised jin, McCune–Reischauer chin, Yale cin)
|Hán-Nôm : bệ
|
|
|陛
|-
|陡
|
|
|臻
|Cantonese · Jyutping : dau² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄡˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tió • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tóo • Middle-Chinese : tuwX
|-
|steep; sloping • (literary, or in compounds) abruptly; suddenly • (literary, or in compounds) deep; extensive
|臾
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁵
|a moment, an instant, a short while (used in 須臾／须臾 (xūyú)) • a surname ‖ Only used in 縱臾／纵臾 (zǒngyǒng).
|
|
|
|
|臾 (eum 잠깐 유, 권할 용 (jamkkan yu, gwonhal yong))
|陡 • (du) · 陡 • (du) (hangeul 두)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : đẩu
|
|
|臾
|陡
|-
|-
|舂
|隋
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiong
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰoːlʔ, *l'oːlʔ, *ljol) : abbreviated phonetic 隓 (OC *hlol) + semantic 肉 (“meat”). \ The use of this character for the dynasty name was created by its first emperor from the character 隨／随 (suí).
|to pound on grains in a mortar in order to husk them • (Cantonese, Hakka, Southern Min, Shanghainese) to hit with a fist; to punch • (Cantonese) to fall (especially head down)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suî • Middle-Chinese : zjwe
|(～朝) Sui dynasty • a surname
| ‖ 隋(ずい) • (Zui)
| ‖ Sui dynasty
|隋 (eum 수 (su))
|
|
|to grind in a mortar
|Hán-Nôm : tùy • Hán-Nôm : tuỳ
|舂 • (yong, song, chang) · 舂 • (yong, song, chang) (hangeul 용, 송, 창, revised yong, song, chang, McCune–Reischauer yong, song, ch'ang, Yale yong, song, chang)
|
|
|隋
|-
|隘
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qreːɡs) : semantic 阝 + phonetic 益 (OC *qleɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qreːɡs) : semantic 阝 + phonetic 益 (OC *qleɡ).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aai³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ai³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ài • Middle-Chinese : 'eaH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ak¹
|narrow; confined • strategic pass that is dangerous or difficult to access ‖ to isolate • to block; to defend
| ‖ 隘(あい) • (ai)
|narrow ‖ narrow; confined
|隘 (eumhun 좁을 애 (jobeul ae))
|hanja form of 애 (“narrow”)
|Hán-Nôm : ải • Hán-Nôm : ỏi
|
|
|舂
|隘
|-
|-
|舉
|隧
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geoi² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kú
|to raise; to lift up • (literary) to raise; to bring up • to elect • to start; to initiate • to cite; to enumerate • action; deed • (historical) successful candidate in the imperial examination at the provincial level • whole; entire • (Cantonese) to pawn
|
|
|Alternative form of 擧 (Shinjitai form 挙)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suī • Middle-Chinese : zwijH
|tunnel; underground passage
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|隧 • (su) · 隧 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu)
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|舉
|canonical : 隧: Hán Việt readings: toại • canonical : trụy • canonical : truỵ 隧: Nôm readings: toại
|chữ Hán form of toại (“tunnel, trench”).
|隧
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|舐
|隨
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saai⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saai² • Cantonese · Jyutping : saai³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : si⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : si⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laai² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsǐ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsīnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsǐnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sǐ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : lim² • Cantonese · Jyutping : lem²
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljol) : semantic 辵 (“walking”) + abbreviated phonetic 𡐦
|to lick; to lap; to stroke with the tongue ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 舔 (“to lick”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suî • Middle-Chinese : zjwe
|to follow • to listen to; to submit • to accompany • (Northern Mandarin, of a person) to resemble (a parent in appearance or disposition) • (colloquial) to chip in by giving one's portion of gift money, payment, red packet, etc. (e.g. when others get married) • incidentally; conveniently; in passing • to allow; to let somebody do as he or she pleases • 17th hexagram of the I Ching; "following" • (～縣) Sui (a county of Suizhou, Hubei, China) • a surname: Sui
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|舐 (eum 지 (ji))
|隨 • (su) · 隨 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu)
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|Hán-Nôm : tùy • Hán-Nôm : tuỳ • Hán-Nôm : tòe • Hán-Nôm : toè • Hán-Nôm : xòe • Hán-Nôm : xoè
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|舐
|隨
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|-
|舛
|險
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuán
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰramʔ) : semantic 阝 + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam). \ May be cognate with 巖 (OC *ŋraːm, “tall; cliff”). See 嚴 for more.
|(literary) to be opposed to; to be contrary to; to deviate from • (literary) an error or mistake • (literary) a disorderly misfortune; be in a difficult situation
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiám • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hém • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiánn • Middle-Chinese : xjemX
|(of terrain) difficult and treacherous • (now in compounds) narrow pass; treacherous place; strategic point • (now dialectal or in compounds) danger; hazard; peril; risk • dangerous; hazardous • (now dialectal or in compounds) sinister; vicious • (of bad things) almost; nearly • (in compounds) Short for 保險／保险 (bǎoxiǎn, “insurance”).
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|舛 • (cheon) · 舛 • (cheon) (hangeul 천, revised cheon, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏn, Yale chen)
|險 • (heom) · 險 • (heom) (hangeul 험, revised heom, McCune–Reischauer hŏm, Yale hem)
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|
|canonical : 險: Hán Việt readings: hiểm 險: Nôm readings: hiểm • canonical : hẻm • canonical : hiếm • canonical : hĩm
|chữ Hán form of hiểm (“dangerous, impassable”). • Nôm form of hẻm (“narrow space, dead-end”). • Nôm form of hiếm (“rare, scarce”). • Nôm form of hĩm (“little girl (Central Vietnamese countryside)”).
|險
|-
|隱
|Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qɯnʔ, *qɯns) : semantic 阜 + phonetic 㥯 (). ‖ Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qɯnʔ, *qɯns) : semantic 阜 + phonetic 㥯 ().
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ún • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ín • Middle-Chinese : 'j+nX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣˋ • Middle-Chinese : 'j+nH
|to hide; to cover; to shield • to conceal; to cover up • hidden; concealed • profound; subtle; delicate • facts one wishes to hide; feelings or troubles one wishes to keep to oneself; secret • secretly; inwardly ‖ to lean upon
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|舛
|Kyūjitai form of 隠 (“to hide; to conceal”)
|隱 (eumhun 숨을 은 (sumeul eun))
|hanja form of 은 (“hide”)
|canonical : 隱: Hán Việt readings: ẩn 隱: Nôm readings: ẩn • canonical : ửng • canonical : ăng • canonical : ổn • canonical : ẳng
|chữ Hán form of ẩn (“to seclude oneself; to hide oneself”).
|隱
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|-
|舜
|隻
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sùn
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 隹 (“bird”) + 又 (“hand”). \ To hold one bird is 隻; to hold two birds is 雙. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tjak ~ g-t(j)ik (“one”).
|Emperor Shun, legendary ruler of ancient China • (alt. form 蕣) Hibiscus syriacus • a surname
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiak • Middle-Chinese : tsyek
|one bird • single • (mathematics) odd • alone • unique • Classifier for one of a pair. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier • Classifier for birds and certain animals (especially limbed or small, grabbable by hand). • Classifier for symmetrical body parts, limbs, hands, feet. • Classifier for certain vessels, containers, utensils and objects worn on or grabbable by hand. • Classifier for boats. • Classifier for songs. • (dialectal, humorous or derogatory) Classifier for people. • (Cantonese) Classifier for kinds or varieties. • (Cantonese, slang) Classifier for months of prison sentence.
| ‖ 隻(せき) • (-seki)
| ‖ boats or ships • one of two, one of a pair • birds, fish, or arrows
|隻 • (cheok) · 隻 • (cheok) (hangeul 척, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏk, Yale chek)
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|
|Hán-Nôm : chiếc • Hán-Nôm : chếch • Hán-Nôm : chệch • Hán-Nôm : chích • Hán-Nôm : xếch • Hán-Nôm : xệch • Hán-Nôm : chỉ
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|舜 • (sun) · 舜 • (sun) (hangeul 순, revised sun, McCune–Reischauer sun, Yale swun)
|隻
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|舜
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|-
|舢
|雀
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan¹
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 小 (“small”) + 隹 (“bird”) – a small bird, a sparrow. \ In the current form, the upper part looks like 少, but what looks like the bottom stroke of 少 is actually the upper left stroke of 隹, extended.
|Only used in 舢板 (shānbǎn).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄝˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsennh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsioh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshik • Middle-Chinese : tsjak
|sparrow, especially the Eurasian tree sparrow (Passer montanus) • small bird • (literary) dark red; brownish red • (Cantonese, dialectal Hakka) bird (Classifier: 隻／只 c) • (Cantonese, Jinhua Wu, colloquial) penis (Classifier: 隻／只 c) • a surname
| ‖ 雀(すずめ) or 雀(スズメ) • (suzume)
|sparrow ‖ a Eurasian tree sparrow (Passer montanus)
|雀 • (jak) · 雀 • (jak) (hangeul 작, revised jak, McCune–Reischauer chak, Yale cak)
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|sampan
|Hán-Nôm : tước
|舢 (eum 산 (san))
|a small boat attached to a ship
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|舢
|雀
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|-
|舨
|雕
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baan²
|Only used in 舢舨 and 艟舨.
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|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : diu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiau • Middle-Chinese : tew
|to engrave; to inlay; to carve • carving • a surname
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|雕 • (jo) · 雕 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho, Yale co)
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|Hán-Nôm : điêu
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|舨
|雕
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|-
|舫
|雖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fong² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hóng
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sqʰʷi) : semantic 虫 + phonetic 唯 (OC *ɢʷi, *ɢʷiʔ). \ Originally meaning "a lizard-like reptile", the character has been phonetically borrowed to represent the sense "although". \ Jacques (2019) proposes this to be 維 (OC *ɢʷi, “to be”) with a converbial *s- prefix, literally "while being". ‖  ‖  ‖ From Hokkien 衰 (soe, “unlucky”).
|two boats connected together • boat (with a deckhouse)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄟ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄟˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sui • Middle-Chinese : swij ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi¹ • Middle-Chinese : swij ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi¹ • Middle-Chinese : swij ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄟ
|although; even if; despite ‖ lizard-like reptile ‖ ^‡ to push ‖ (chiefly Taiwan, slang) Alternative form of 衰 (“unlucky; unimpressive”)
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|舫 (eum 방 (bang))
|雖 (eumhun 비록 수 (birok su)) ‖ 雖 (eumhun 벌레 이름 수 (beolle ireum su)) ‖ 雖 (eumhun 짐승 이름 유 (jimseung ireum yu))
|hanja form of 수 (“although”) ‖ hanja form of 수 (“The name of a bug”) ‖ hanja form of 유 (“The name of a beast”)
|Hán-Nôm : tuy
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|雖
|-
|雙
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 雔 (“two birds”) + 又 (“hand”) – Represents two birds (隹) in someone's right hand (又). \ Several etymologies have been posited: \ * From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dzum ~ tsum (“pair”), whence Jingpho zum (“to be in pairs”), Burmese စုံ (cum, “pair”), but this comparison may be problematic given the mismatch in the final nasal (STEDT). \ * Related to Tibetan ཟུང (zung, “pair; couple”), Mru [script needed] (choŋ, “pair”) (Coblin, 1986; Löffler, 1966; Schuessler, 2007), but this would require assuming the Proto-Sino-Tibetan word to be *C-zuŋ (Schuessler, 2007). Jacques (2015b) rules out the possibility of comparing with the Tibetan word because Tibetan z- comes from *dz. \ * Doublet of 孿 (OC *smroːns, *smrons, “twin”) (Baxter, 1992), but this has been related to Jingpho marun (“to have twins”) (from run (“to be in pairs”)), which would point to yet another Proto-Sino-Tibetan root *run (Schuessler, 2007).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄤ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄤˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : song • Middle-Chinese : sraewng
|(attributive) two; double; twin • (attributive, of an integer) even (divisible by two) • (attributive) double; two-fold; twice • (dialectal) twins • Classifier for a pair of objects. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier • a rare surname: Shuang
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|舫
|pair; set
|雙 (eumhun 쌍 쌍 (ssang ssang))
|hanja form of 쌍 (“pair”)
|Hán-Nôm : song • Hán-Nôm : rông • Hán-Nôm : suông
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|雙
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|-
|艙
|雜
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshong
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zuːb) : semantic 衣 + phonetic 集 (OC *zub). \ Cognate with 集 (OC *zub, “to gather; to collect”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|cabin (in ships, airplanes, etc.)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄚˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsa̍p • Middle-Chinese : dzop
|miscellaneous; mixed • extra; irregular • (Cantonese, of a place) having all kinds of people, especially bad people • (Cantonese) entrails for food • to mix
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|mixed • blended • mix • mingle
|雜 (eumhun 섞일 잡 (seokkil jap))
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|艙 • (chang) · 艙 • (chang) (hangeul 창, revised chang, McCune–Reischauer ch'ang, Yale chang)
|Hán-Nôm : tạp • Hán-Nôm : xạp • Hán-Nôm : tọp
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|雜
|艙
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|艮
|雹
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gan³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kùn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kìn ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄣˇ
|Characters in the same phonetic series (勹) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bruːɡ) : semantic 雨 (“rain”) + phonetic 包 (OC *pruː). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-bru(ŋ/k) (“dragon; thunder”), whence also 龍 (OC *b·roŋ, *mroːŋ, “dragon”) (STEDT).
|one of the Eight Trigrams 八卦, symbolizing mountains. (☶) • a surname ‖ (dialectal) blunt; straightforward • (dialectal) tough, chewy
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄠˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pha̍uh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phàu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pa̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : po̍k • Middle-Chinese : baewk
| ‖ 艮(うしとら) • (ushitora)
|hail
|northeast ‖ (obsolete) northeast
| ‖ 雹(ひょう) • (hyō)
|艮 (eumhun 괘 이름 간 (gwae ireum gan)) ‖ 艮 (eumhun 그칠 간 (geuchil gan)) ‖ 艮 (eumhun 은 은 (eun eun)) ‖ 艮 (eumhun 끌 흔 (kkeul heun))
|hail ‖ hail • a hailstone
|Hanja form of 간 (“one of the Eight Trigrams 八卦”). ‖ Hanja form of 간 (“to stop; to cease”). ‖ Hanja form of 은 (“silver”). ‖ Hanja form of 흔 (“to pull; to draw; to drag”).
|雹 (eumhun 우박 박 (ubak bak))
|hanja form of 박 (“hail”)
|Hán-Nôm : bạc • Hán-Nôm : bão • Hán-Nôm : boạc
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|艮
|雹
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|艱
|霄
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kian
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sew) : semantic 雨 (“rain”) + phonetic 肖 (OC *slew, *slews).
|difficult; hard • hardship; suffering • disaster • dangerous • parent's death
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : siu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sio • Middle-Chinese : sjew
|sky; heaven • clouds; mist • sleet • Alternative form of 宵 (“night”) • Alternative form of 消 (xiāo, “to dissolve”) • a surname
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|艱 • (gan) · 艱 • (gan) (hangeul 간, revised gan, McCune–Reischauer kan, Yale kan)
|霄 • (so) · 霄 • (so) (hangeul 소, revised so, McCune–Reischauer so, Yale so)
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|Hán-Nôm : tiêu
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|艱
|霄
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|艶
|霉
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mrɯl) : semantic 雨 (“rain”) + phonetic 每 (OC *mɯːʔ). ‖ Designated as the simplified form of 黴 in the Chinese Character Simplification Scheme (漢字簡化方案) (1956).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mui⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : muî ‖
|to become moldy; mildewed • (Cantonese, of garment) worn out ‖
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|mold
|霉 • (mae) · 霉 • (mae) (hangeul 매, revised mae, McCune–Reischauer mae, Yale may)
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|
| ‖ 艶(つや) • (tsuya) ‖ 艶(あで) • (ade) -na (adnominal 艶(あで)な (ade na), adverbial 艶(あで)に (ade ni)) ‖ 艶(あで) • (ade) ‖ 艶(えん) • (en) -na (adnominal 艶(えん)な (en na), adverbial 艶(えん)に (en ni)) ‖ 艶(えん) • (en) ‖ 艶(えん) • (en)
|Hán-Nôm : mai • Hán-Nôm : môi
| ‖ gloss, lustre (UK)/luster (US) ‖ beautiful, charming, elegant ‖ beauty, charm, elegance ‖ charming ‖ charm ‖ charming, voluptuous • love affair, romance • gloss, luster
|艶 (eumhun 고울 염 (goul yeom))
|Hanja form of 염 (“charming, voluptuous; love affair, romance; gloss, luster”).
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|艶
|霉
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|-
|芍
|霍
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄠˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoek³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coek³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sio̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsio̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sio̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshia̍h ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄝˋ
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 雨 (“rain”) + 隹 (“bird”)
|Chinese peony (Paeonia lactiflora) ‖ water chestnut ‖ Alternative form of 菂 (dì, “lotus seed”) ‖ Only used in 芍陂.
|Cantonese · Jyutping : fok³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄛˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hok • Middle-Chinese : xwak
|quickly; suddenly • (Wuhan Mandarin) lightning • a surname
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|芍 • (jak, jeok) · 芍 • (jak, jeok) (hangeul 작, 적, revised jak, jeok, McCune–Reischauer chak, chŏk, Yale cak, cek)
|霍 • (gwak) · 霍 • (gwak) (hangeul 곽, revised gwak, McCune–Reischauer kwak, Yale kwak)
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|
|Hán-Nôm : hoắc • Hán-Nôm : quắc
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|芍
|霍
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|-
|芟
|霎
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saam¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan¹
| ‖  ‖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saap³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sap • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sa̍p • Middle-Chinese : srjep • Middle-Chinese : sreap ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiap • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tia̍p ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : saap³
|(literary or Southern Min) light rain; drizzle • (literary, onomatopoeia) The sound of rain or wind. • instant; moment • short; fleeting • (Southern Min) to rain (of a drizzle) • (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) crumbs; small pieces ‖ (Hokkien) moment; short time ‖ (Cantonese) to speak a lot or with a lot of effort; to make one's voice become hoarse • (Cantonese) to order; to instruct; to holler (at someone to do something)
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|霎 (eumhun 잠시 삽 (jamsi sap))
|hanja form of 삽 (“an instant”)
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|
|scythe • to scythe, to cut
|芟 • (sam) · 芟 • (sam) (hangeul 삼, revised sam, McCune–Reischauer sam, Yale sam)
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|霎
|-
|霞
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡraː) : semantic 雨 (“rain”) + phonetic 叚 (OC *kraːʔ).
|Cantonese · Jyutping : haa⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hêe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hê • Middle-Chinese : hae
|the light and clouds at sunrise and sunset; mist; rosy clouds • colorful; rosy • Alternative form of 遐 (xiá) • a surname: Xia
| ‖ 霞(かすみ) • (kasumi) ‖ 霞(かすみ) • (Kasumi)
|mist, haze • foreglow or afterglow ‖ mist, haze • (by extension) dimness of sight • a foreglow or afterglow • (colloquial) an alcoholic beverage • steam that comes out from heating sake or vinegar • a cloud-shaped figure used to display a scene transition • Short for 霞網 (kasumiami): a fowling net • Short for 霞割り (kasumiwari): ‖ Short for 霞が関 (Kasumigaseki): a district in Chiyoda Ward, Tokyo • a female given name • a surname
|霞 (eumhun 노을 하 (no'eul ha))
|hanja form of 하 (“the light and clouds at sunrise and sunset; mist; rosy clouds”)
|Hán-Nôm : hà
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|芟
|霞
|-
|-
|芯
|霸
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sam¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sim ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon³
|Exoactive or transitive of 伯 (OC *praːɡ, “be the eldest”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Same word as 魄 (OC *pʰraːɡ, “soul”) and cognate with 白 (OC *braːɡ, “white”) (Schuessler, 2007). Chiefly attested in Zhou-era bronze inscriptions for calendrical functions (Wang, 1923).
|pith from the common rush (Juncus effusus), used as lamp wick • lamp wick • (in general) core material (of something); centre; wick; pencil lead ‖ Only used in 芯子 (xìnzi, “fuse; tongue of a snake”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baa³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pà • Middle-Chinese : paeH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paak³
| ‖ 芯(しん) • (shin)
|to dominate • (historical) overlord, hegemon • tyrant; despot; bully • hegemony; tyranny • to occupy; to monopolize • (Eastern Min) powerful; awesome; impressive ‖ (archaic, Chinese astronomy) Alternative form of 魄 (pò, “illuminated part of the moon”) • moonlight in the beginning of a lunar month right after the new moon
| ‖ core, heart • pencil lead • wick
|芯 • (sim) · 芯 • (sim) (hangeul 심, revised sim, McCune–Reischauer sim, Yale sim)
|
|
|
|
|芯
|霸 (eumhun 으뜸 패 (eutteum pae))
|hanja form of 패 (“the best; the top; the head”)
|Hán-Nôm : bá • Hán-Nôm : phách
|
|霸
|-
|-
|芻
|霹
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : co¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsoo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshoo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshu
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰeːɡ) : semantic 雨 + phonetic 辟 (OC *peɡ, *pʰeɡ, *beɡ).
|to cut grass; to mow • hay; fodder • livestock • to raise; to rear
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phik • Middle-Chinese : phek
|Used in 霹靂／霹雳 (pīlì). • of thunder, to strike
|
|
|heavy thunder • (of lightning) to strike, to fall
|霹 (eumhun 벼락 벽 (byeorak byeok))
|hanja form of 벽 (“thunder”)
|
|
|芻 (eum 추 (chu))
|
|
|霹
|-
|靈
|Characters in the same phonetic series (霝) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Found as 𩆜 in Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːŋ) : phonetic 霝 (OC *reːŋ) + semantic 玉 (“jade”). \ The semantic component 玉 (“jade”) may be replaced with 巫 (“witch”), as in the current form, or with 心 (“heart”) or 示 (“memorial tablet”) in the ancient bronze inscription forms.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Middle-Chinese : leng
|god; deity • soul; spirit • effective; efficacious • keen; quick • nimble • (Northern Wu) apt; suitable; high-quality; good • (Northern Wu) appropriately working; appropriately functioning • a surname: Ling
|
|
|芻
|Kyūjitai form of 霊: soul, spirit; ghost; mystery
|靈 (eumhun 신령 령 (sillyeong ryeong), word-initial (South Korea) 신령 영 (sillyeong yeong))
|hanja form of 령/영 (“spirit, soul, deity”)
|Hán-Nôm : linh • Hán-Nôm : lanh • Hán-Nôm : lẻng • Hán-Nôm : leng • Hán-Nôm : lênh • Hán-Nôm : liêng • Hán-Nôm : lình
|spirit, soul
|靈
|-
|-
|苒
|靖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liám
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zleŋʔ) : semantic 立 (“to stand; to establish”) + phonetic 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ). \ Same word as 靜 (OC *zleŋʔ, “to keep quiet”) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for more.
|luxuriant growth • passing (of time) • (Xiamen Hokkien) fruit preserve; jam (UK); jelly (US)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zing⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsīng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsǐng • Middle-Chinese : dzjengX
|stable; peaceful; tranquil • to pacify; to stabilize • to govern; to administer • to plan • to think of • respectful; prudent • a surname
| ‖ 靖(はかる) • (Hakaru) ‖ 靖(きよし) • (Kiyoshi) ‖ 靖(のぶ) • (Nobu) ‖ 靖(おさむ) • (Osamu) ‖ 靖(しずか) • (Shizuka) ‖ 靖(せい) • (Sei) ‖ 靖(せいじ) • (Seiji) ‖ 靖(しずむ) • (Shizumu) ‖ 靖(やす) • (Yasu) ‖ 靖(やすみ) • (Yasumi) ‖ 靖(やすし) • (Yasushi)
|peaceful, calm, easygoing ‖ a male given name ‖ a male given name ‖ a male given name ‖ a male given name ‖ a female given name ‖ a surname • a female given name ‖ a male given name ‖ a male given name ‖ a male given name ‖ a female given name ‖ a male given name
|靖 • (jeong) · 靖 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng, Yale ceng)
|
|
|flourishing • luxuriant
|Hán-Nôm : tĩnh • Hán-Nôm : tịnh
|苒 • (yeom) · 苒 • (yeom) (hangeul 염, revised yeom, McCune–Reischauer yŏm, Yale yem)
|lush • successively • in order
|
|
|苒
|靖
|-
|-
|苓
|靜
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁴
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zleŋʔ) : semantic 青 + phonetic 爭 (OC *ʔsreːŋ). \ Perhaps from Mon-Khmer; compare Old Khmer siṅ (“to stay in/at; to abide; to be still”) (Schuessler, 2007). 靖 (OC *zleŋʔ) is the same word (ibid.).
|Used in 苓耳. • Short for 伏苓 or 茯苓. • Alternative form of 零 (“to fall”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zing⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsǐng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsīng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsǐnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsīnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsēnn • Middle-Chinese : dzjengX
|quiet; silent; devoid of noise • silent; not making a noise • still; motionless • gentle
|
|
|herb, plant • mushroom
|苓 • (ryeong>yeong) · 苓 • (ryeong>yeong) (hangeul 령>영, revised ryeong>yeong, McCune–Reischauer ryŏng>yŏng, Yale lyeng>yeng)
|
|
|靜 • (jeong) · 靜 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng, Yale ceng)
|hanja form of 정 (“quiet, silence, static”)
|Hán-Nôm : tĩnh
|
|
|苓
|靜
|-
|-
|苣
|靠
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geoi⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩˇ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰuːɡs) : phonetic 告 (OC *kuːɡs, *kuːɡ) + semantic 非.
|lettuce ‖ Only used in 苣蕒菜／苣荬菜 (qǔmǎicài).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kaau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khòo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuà • Middle-Chinese : khawH
| ‖ 苣(ちしゃ) or 苣(チシャ) • (chisha)
|to lean on; to recline • to depend on; to rely on • to trust; to have confidence in • to come near to; to approach • to keep to (a certain side) • (euphemistic) Alternative form of 肏 (“to fuck”) • (Northern Wu) approximately
|lettuce ‖ Alternative spelling of 萵苣 (“lettuce”)
|
|苣 • (geo) · 苣 • (geo) (hangeul 거, revised geo, McCune–Reischauer kŏ, Yale ke)
|
|靠 • (go) · 靠 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : kháo • Hán-Nôm : khéo
|
|
|苣
|靠
|-
|-
|苧
|靡
| ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyu⁵
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mralʔ) : phonetic 麻 (OC *mraːl) + semantic 非 - to scatter. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mralʔ) : phonetic 麻 (OC *mraːl) + semantic 非 - to scatter.
| ‖ Boehmeria nivea (ramie)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bí • Middle-Chinese : mjeX ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bî
| ‖ 苧(お) • (o) ^(←を (wo)?) ‖ 苧(むし) • (mushi) ‖ 苧(からむし) • (karamushi) ‖ 苧(からんし) • (karanshi) ‖ 苧(こるむし) • (korumushi) ‖ 苧(ま) • (ma) ‖ 苧(ちょ) • (cho)
|(literary) to fall down; to collapse; to be swept away • (literary) extravagant; beautiful; splendid • (literary) delicate; minute • (literary) no; not • (literary) to not have; to be without ‖ extravagant; wasteful • to waste; to squander • to extinguish; to eliminate • to rotten; to damage • to exhaust; to use up • to divide; to disperse; to scatter • to share
| ‖ hemp or ramie • thread made from the outer husk of the stems of hemp or ramie • a textile made from this thread ‖ (obsolete) old name for karamushi: the ramie plant, Boehmeria nivea var. nipononivea • short for 帔(むしのたれぎぬ), 枲(むし)の垂(た)れ衣(ぎぬ) (mushi no tareginu), a kind of veil made of ramie and worn from the brim of a hat by women from the Heian period through the Kamakura period ‖ the ramie plant, Boehmeria nivea (syn. Boehmeria nipononivea) • a thread made from the fibers of this plant • a textile made from this thread ‖ (rare, obsolete) the ramie plant • (rare, obsolete) a thread made from the fibers of this plant • (rare, obsolete) a textile made from this thread ‖ (rare, obsolete) the ramie plant • (rare, obsolete) a thread made from the fibers of this plant • (rare, obsolete) a textile made from this thread ‖ the ramie or hemp plant or fiber ‖ the ramie or hemp plant or fiber
|
|苧 • (jeo) · 苧 • (jeo) (hangeul 저, revised jeo, McCune–Reischauer chŏ, Yale ce)
|to wave; to stream; to flutter • extravagant; wasteful; to waste • to exhaust • to spread
|靡 (eum 미 (mi))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : mị
|
|
|苧
|靡
|-
|-
|茎
|靶
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *praːs) : semantic 革 + phonetic 巴 (OC *praː).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baa² • Cantonese · Jyutping : baa³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pé • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pée • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pá • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pa • Middle-Chinese : paeH
|target • splash-board on chariot
|
|
|target • splash-board on chariot
|靶 • (pa) · 靶 • (pa) (hangeul 파, revised pa, McCune–Reischauer p'a, Yale pha)
|reins • target
|
|
| ‖ 茎(くき) • (kuki) ‖ 茎(なかご) • (nakago)
| ‖ stem, stalk ‖ (swords) tang (part of a sword blade)
|
|
|靶
|-
|鞋
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡreː, *ɡreː, *ɡreː) : semantic 革 (“leather”) + phonetic 圭 (OC *kʷeː) – leather shoes. Originally written as 鞵.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : erê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hâi • Middle-Chinese : hea • Middle-Chinese : heaj
|shoe; footwear (Classifier: 雙／双 m mn; 對／对 c; 隻／只)
| ‖ 鞋(くつ) • (kutsu) ‖ 鞋(わらじ) • (waraji) ^(←わらぢ (waradi)?)
|shoes; shoe; footwear ‖ Alternative spelling of 靴 (“piece of footwear”) ‖ Rare spelling of 草鞋 (“straw sandal”).
|鞋 • (hye) · 鞋 • (hye) (hangeul 혜)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : hài • Hán-Nôm : giày
|
|
|茎
|鞋
|-
|-
|茗
|鞍
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄥˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ming⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ming⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bîng
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qaːn) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 革 (“leather”) + 安 (“secure”).
|tea buds • late-picked tea • (in general) tea plant • tea (drink) • Alternative form of 酩 (mǐng) • a surname
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : on¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uann • Hokkien · Tai-lo : an
| ‖ 茗(めい) • (mei)
|saddle
|tea, the tea plant ‖ tea, especially tea picked later in the season
| ‖ 鞍(くら) • (kura) ‖ 鞍(あん) • (an)
|茗 • (myeong) · 茗 • (myeong) (hangeul 명, revised myeong, McCune–Reischauer myŏng, Yale myeng)
| ‖ saddle ‖ saddle
|鞍 (eum 안 (an))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : yên • Hán-Nôm : an
|
|
|茗
|鞍
|-
|-
|茱
|鞠
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyu¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : syu⁴
|Short for 茱萸 (zhūyú).
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : guk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiok • Middle-Chinese : kjuwk • Middle-Chinese : khjuwk • Middle-Chinese : gjuwk
|(historical) leather ball used in games • to bend; to curve • to bow • bow • to rear; to raise; to nourish • young; childish • to warn; to admonish • Alternative form of 鞫 (jū, “to interrogate; to exhaust”) • Alternative form of 菊 (jú, “chrysanthemum”) • a surname
|
|
|茱 • (su) · 茱 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu)
|ball
|鞠 • (guk) · 鞠 • (guk) (hangeul 국, revised guk, McCune–Reischauer kuk, Yale kwuk)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : cúc
|
|
|茱
|鞠
|-
|-
|茲
|鞭
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci⁴
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pen) : semantic 革 (“leather”) + phonetic 便 (OC *ben, *bens).
|(literary) this • (literary) year; time • (literary) the present; now • Alternative form of 滋 (zī, “more”) ‖ Only used in 龜茲／龟兹 (Qiūcí).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pian • Middle-Chinese : pjien
| ‖  
|whip (Classifier: 條／条 c) • to whip; to flog • penis of an animal • (historical) an ancient type of weapon, segmented and made of iron • string of firecrackers
|here ‖
| ‖ 鞭(むち) • (muchi)
|茲 • (museonghal ja) · 茲 • (museonghal ja) (hangeul 무성할 자)
| ‖ whip
|鞭 • (pyeon) · 鞭 • (pyeon) (hangeul 편, revised pyeon, McCune–Reischauer p'yŏn, Yale phyen)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tiên • Hán-Nôm : tiệm
|
|
|茲
|鞭
|-
|-
|茴
|韭
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wui⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huê
|Pictogram (象形) – leek in the ground (一).
|Used in 茴香 (huíxiāng). • fennel; aniseed
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄡˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiú • Middle-Chinese : kjuwX
|garlic chives; Chinese chives; Chinese leek (Allium tuberosum)
|
|
|garlic chive
|韭 • (gu) · 韭 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu)
|
|
|茴 • (hoe) · 茴 • (hoe) (hangeul 회, revised hoe, McCune–Reischauer hoe, Yale hoy)
|Hán-Nôm : cửu
|
|
|
|韭
|茴
|-
|-
|茹
|頌
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lû
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sɢloŋs, *loŋ) : phonetic 公 (OC *kloːŋ) + semantic 頁 (“head”) – appearance. Now written 容. ‖
|to eat • to bear • to guess • soft • corrupted • vegetables • a surname • (organic chemistry) rubicene
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zung⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshīng • Middle-Chinese : zjowngH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁴ • Middle-Chinese : yowng
|to laud; to acclaim; to praise; to extol • ode; hymn; eulogy ‖ (alt. form 容) appearance; looks • (alt. form 容) to tolerate; to be lenient
| ‖ 頌(しょう) • (shō)
|eulogy ‖ eulogy
|頌 • (song, yong) · 頌 • (song, yong) (hangeul 송, 용, revised song, yong, McCune–Reischauer song, yong, Yale song, yong)
|
|
|to boil • to seethe
|Hán-Nôm : tụng
|茹 • (yeo) · 茹 • (yeo) (hangeul 여, revised yeo, McCune–Reischauer yŏ, Yale ye)
|
|
|Nôm form of nhà (“home”).
|頌
|茹
|-
|-
|荀
|預
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sûn
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *las) : phonetic 予 (OC *la, *laʔ) + semantic 頁.
|a surname • (historical) name of an ancient state in China • (obsolete) name of a plant
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : īr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ǐr • Middle-Chinese : yoH
|beforehand, in advance • to take part in • (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to participate in an activity • (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to play (chess, cards, mahjong, hide-and-seek, etc.) • (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien, of an activity) to start • (Cantonese, Teochew) to foresee; to expect; to anticipate • (Cantonese, Teochew) to prepare; to plan for; to estimate • (Cantonese) to reserve a place; to count someone in
|
|
|beforehand • take care of • entrust
|預 • (ye) · 預 • (ye) (hangeul 예, revised ye, McCune–Reischauer ye, Yale yey)
|
|
|荀 • (sun) · 荀 • (sun) (hangeul 순, revised sun, McCune–Reischauer sun, Yale swun)
|canonical : 預: Hán Việt readings: dự 預: Nôm readings: dứa • canonical : dựa • canonical : nhứ • canonical : rợ
|chữ Hán form of dự (“to participate”). • (in compounds) chữ Hán form of dự (“to forsee, to prepare”).
|預
|-
|頑
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋroːn, *ŋroːn) : phonetic 元 (OC *ŋon, “head”) + semantic 頁 (“head”). \ As 元 came to be used to mean “original”, rather than “head”, this character was formed from the original meaning of 元 (“head”) + the semantic element 頁／页 to affirm the “head” meaning, but with the modification in meaning to “an intransigent head”; the head of a heady person.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : guân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uán • Middle-Chinese : ngwaen
|obstinate; stubborn; recalcitrant • stupid; ignorant • naughty; mischievous
|
|
|stubborn
|頑 • (wan) · 頑 • (wan) (hangeul 완, revised wan, McCune–Reischauer wan, Yale wan)
|
|
|荀
|Hán-Nôm : ngoan • Hán-Nôm : ngoãn
|-
|荊
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ging¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : king
|chaste tree (Vitex); redbud (Cercis) • (historical) rod for flogging made of chaste tree twigs • (literary, humble) my wife • Short for 荊州／荆州 (Jīngzhōu, “Jingzhou”). • Short for 荊山／荆山 (Jīng Shān, “Mount Jing”). • Alternative name for 楚 (chǔ, “the state of Chu in ancient China”). • a surname
| ‖ 荊(いばら) or 荊(イバラ) • (ibara)
|thorn • brier • whip ‖ Alternative spelling of 茨
|荊 • (hyeong) · 荊 • (hyeong) (hangeul 형, revised hyeong, McCune–Reischauer hyŏng, Yale hyeng)
|thorns • brambles • my wife • cane
|
|
|荊
|頑
|-
|-
|荏
|頒
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jam⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jam⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jam³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lám
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *praːn, *bɯn) : phonetic 分 (OC *pɯn, *bɯns) + semantic 頁 (“head”). ‖
|perilla (Perilla frutescens) • a kind of big bean; big • soft; weak; yielding • (Singapore Hokkien) weak; feeble; frail
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baan¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pan • Middle-Chinese : paen ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan⁴ • Middle-Chinese : bjun
|to confer; to bestow; to grant; to present • to publish; to promulgate • Used in 頒白／颁白. ‖ having a large head
|
|
|distribute, partition
|頒 • (ban, bun) · 頒 • (ban, bun) (hangeul 반, 분, revised ban, bun, McCune–Reischauer pan, pun, Yale pan, pun)
|
|
|荏 • (im) · 荏 • (im) (hangeul 임, revised im, McCune–Reischauer im, Yale im)
|Hán-Nôm : ban
|
|
|
|頒
|荏
|-
|-
|荸
|頓
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : but⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pi̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pu̍t
|; “tired” ‖ ; “tired” ‖
|Only used in 荸薺／荸荠 (bíqi, “Chinese water chestnut”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : deon⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tùn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǹg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuìnn • Middle-Chinese : twonH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǹg ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : duk⁶
|
|to pause • to arrange; to handle; to deal with • to stamp the ground • (literary) to kowtow • Classifier for meals. • Classifier for beatings, scoldings, etc. • suddenly; abruptly; all of the sudden • tired; weary; fatigued; exhausted; strained • (Southern Min) meal • (Southern Min) to stamp; to affix (a seal) • (Hakka) to hit; to bump into with elbow • (Southern Min) to strike; to beat; to hit • (Southern Min) to fall on one's buttocks • (Southern Min) to place a heavy object on a flat platform • (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) to have a trial of strength or skill; to have a contest; to compete with • a surname: Dun ‖ (Mainland China Hokkien) to place somewhere for a short period of time to produce some effect ‖ Only used in 冒頓／冒顿 (Mòdú).
|
|
|to kowtow • to rest, to stay, to abide • suddenly
|頓 • (don, dun) · 頓 • (don, dun) (hangeul 돈, 둔)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : đốn • Hán-Nôm : đón • Hán-Nôm : nhún • Hán-Nôm : dún • Hán-Nôm : đon • Hán-Nôm : đún • Hán-Nôm : lún • Hán-Nôm : rón
|
|
|頓
|-
|頗
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰaːl, *pʰaːlʔ, *pʰaːls) : phonetic 皮 (OC *bral) + semantic 頁.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄛ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄛˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : po² • Cantonese · Jyutping : po¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pho • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phó • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phò • Middle-Chinese : pha • Middle-Chinese : phaX • Middle-Chinese : phaH
|(literary) leaning to one side; oblique; slanting • (literary or Hong Kong) very; rather; quite; considerably • (Eastern Min) about; almost • a surname: Po
|
|
|荸
|-
|荻
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dik⁶
|Amur silvergrass (Miscanthus sacchariflorus) • a surname
| ‖ 荻(おぎ) or 荻(オギ) • (ogi) ^(←をぎ (wogi) or ヲギ (wogi)?)
|Amur silver-grass (Miscanthus sacchariflorus) • reed, cane ‖ Amur silver-grass (Miscanthus sacchariflorus)
|荻 (eum 적 (jeok))
|
|
|頗 • (pa) · 頗 • (pa) (hangeul 파, revised pa, McCune–Reischauer p'a, Yale pha)
|
|
|荻
|canonical : 頗: Hán Việt readings: pha • canonical : phả 頗: Nôm readings: phở • canonical : pha • canonical : phả • canonical : và
|Nôm form of phở (“pho”).
|頗
|-
|-
|荼
|顎
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tôo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : syu¹
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːɡ) : phonetic 咢 (OC *ŋaːɡ) + semantic 頁.
|a type of bitter vegetable, possibly sow thistle or other plants of Asteraceae • (figurative) pain; suffering • spikes of cogon (or other grasses) with long whitish hair • pappus • white ‖ a surname ‖ Only used in 神荼 (Shēnshū).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngok⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : go̍k • Middle-Chinese : ngak
|
|jaw
|Ixeridium dentatum • kanji used to transliterate Buddhist terms borrowed from Sanskrit
| ‖ 顎(あご) • (ago) ‖ 顎(がく) • (gaku)
|jaw ‖ jaw • chin • barb • jaw of a machine ‖ jaw
|顎 • (ak) · 顎 • (ak) (hangeul 악, revised ak, McCune–Reischauer ak, Yale ak)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|荼
|顎
|-
|-
|莎
|顯
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : so¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saa¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄟ
|Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 日 (“sun”) + 絲 (“silk”) + 頁 (“person's head”).
|Cyperus rotundus • a kind of tree • to wither • Alternative form of 蓑 ‖ Used in personal names , place names and transcription. ‖ Only used in 捼莎.
|Cantonese · Jyutping : hin² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiánn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hián • Middle-Chinese : xenX
|prominent; conspicuous; visible • to appear; to manifest; to display • (prefix) phanero- • (honorific) an honorific for deceased immediate family members • (Wenzhounese) very
|
|
|
|
|莎 • (sa) · 莎 • (sa) (hangeul 사, revised sa, McCune–Reischauer sa, Yale sa)
|顯 • (hyeon) · 顯 • (hyeon) (hangeul 현)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : hiển
|
|
|莎
|顯
|-
|-
|莒
|飲
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geoi² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kí
|In the oracle bone script, it was an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 酉 (“bottle (of alcoholic beverages)”) + 人 (“person”) + 口 (“mouth (occasionally with the tongue protruding)”) – a person bending over a bottle to drink the alcoholic beverage. The droplets represented drops of the drink or saliva. \ In the bronze script, the mouth separated from the body and corrupted into 今 (OC *krɯm), while the rest of the body became 欠 (OC *kʰoms). These two components also acted as phonetic components. These changes were inherited in the seal script, leading Shuowen to interpret this character (㱃) as a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qrɯmʔ, *qrɯms) : phonetic 酓 (OC *qʰɯːm, *qlamʔ, *qlɯːms) + semantic 欠 (“yawn”). \ In the clerical script, 酓 has been modified to 食 (“to eat”), which is inherited in the current form. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔam (“to eat; to drink”). ‖ In the oracle bone script, it was an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 酉 (“bottle (of alcoholic beverages)”) + 人 (“person”) + 口 (“mouth (occasionally with the tongue protruding)”) – a person bending over a bottle to drink the alcoholic beverage. The droplets represented drops of the drink or saliva. \ In the bronze script, the mouth separated from the body and corrupted into 今 (OC *krɯm), while the rest of the body became 欠 (OC *kʰoms). These two components also acted as phonetic components. These changes were inherited in the seal script, leading Shuowen to interpret this character (㱃) as a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qrɯmʔ, *qrɯms) : phonetic 酓 (OC *qʰɯːm, *qlamʔ, *qlɯːms) + semantic 欠 (“yawn”). \ In the clerical script, 酓 has been modified to 食 (“to eat”), which is inherited in the current form. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔam (“to eat; to drink”). ‖
|taro • (～國) state of Ju during the Zhou dynasty • (～縣) Ju County in Shandong province • a surname
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ím • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ám • Middle-Chinese : 'imX ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : jam³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣˋ • Middle-Chinese : 'imH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : lim
|(literary or Cantonese, Hakka) to drink • (Cantonese) to attend a banquet • to swallow (tears); to nurse (grievance); to keep in the heart • Alternative form of 隱／隐 (“to hide; to conceal”) • beverage; drink • diet; food • (dialectal Cantonese, including Taishanese, Yangjiang; dialectal Gan; dialectal Hakka; Min) rice water • (Xiamen, Zhangping and Taiwanese Hokkien) sticky and watery ‖ to give (animals) water to drink; to water (animals) • (Southwestern Mandarin) to water (plants) • (literary) to wine and dine (someone); to entertain with alcohol and food ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 啉 (lim, “to drink”)
| ‖ 飲(いん) • (in) ‖ 飲(いん) • (in)
| ‖ drink • bear; endure ‖ (literary) drinking (alcoholic beverages) • (literary) drink; beverage • (literary) banquet; feast
|
|
|drink • inhale
|Hán-Nôm : ẩm • Hán-Nôm : ỡm • Hán-Nôm : hẩm
|
|
|莒 • (geo) · 莒 • (geo) (hangeul 거, revised geo, McCune–Reischauer kŏ, Yale ke)
|飲
|-
|飼
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljɯs) : semantic 食 + phonetic 司 (OC *slɯ). \ See 食.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sīr • Middle-Chinese : ziH
|to feed; to rear • (Southern Min) to support (one's parents, elders, etc.) • (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to support (a mistress)
|
|
|
|domesticate, raise, keep, feed
|莒
|飼 (eumhun 기를 사 (gireul sa))
|hanja form of 사 (“to feed; to raise”)
|canonical : 飼: Hán Việt readings: tự 飼: Nôm readings: tự
|chữ Hán form of tự (“breed, raise, rear”).
|飼
|-
|餅
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *peŋʔ) : semantic 飠 (“food”) + phonetic 并 (OC *peŋ, *peŋs); traditional glyph form during Ming and Qing dynasty used to advocate 幷 (as in 餠) based on the influence of Shuowen.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : beng² • Cantonese · Jyutping : bing² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piánn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : píng • Middle-Chinese : pjiengX
|pastry; biscuit; cookie • any round and flat pancake-like object • (Cantonese) Classifier for video cassettes. • (Cantonese) Western-style pastry (usually cake) (Classifier: 件 c) • (Cantonese, figuratively) pie (the whole of a wealth or resource, to be divided in parts) (Classifier: 個／个 c) • (Cantonese, fitness) 20 kilograms of weight • (Eastern Min) Classifier for pastry or flat objects.
| ‖ 餅(もち) • (mochi) ‖ 餅(もち) • (Mochi) ‖ 餅(もちい) • (mochii) ^(←もちひ (motifi)?) ‖ 餅(かちん) • (kachin) ‖ 餅(あも) • (amo)
|mochi (glutinous rice cake) • food containing mochi • food kneaded and baked from flour ‖ mochi (Japanese rice cake made from glutinous rice, usually mixed with other ingredients) ‖ a surname ‖ (archaic) mochi (Japanese rice cake made from glutinous rice, usually mixed with other ingredients) ‖ (colloquial) mochi (Japanese rice cake made from glutinous rice, usually mixed with other ingredients) ‖ (usually childish) mochi filled or wrapped in red bean paste • (usually childish, by extension) mochi (Japanese rice cake made from glutinous rice, usually mixed with other ingredients)
|餅 (eumhun 떡 병 (tteok byeong))
|Alternative form of 餠 (“Hanja form of 병 (“rice cake”). ”)
|romanization : bánh
|Nôm form of bánh (“pastry, cake, bread, dumpling, noodle, wafer, or pudding”).
|餅
|-
|-
|莓
|餌
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mui⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : m̂
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njɯs) : semantic 食 (“to eat”) + phonetic 耳 (OC *njɯʔ). \ An area word. Compare Khmer នុយ (nuy, “bait; lure (especially for catching fish)”), Thai เหยื่อ (yʉ̀ʉa, “bait”) (Schuelsser, 2007).
|moss • berry
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄦˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nei⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ní • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jínn • Middle-Chinese : nyiH
| ‖ 莓(いちご) or 莓(イチゴ) • (ichigo)
|food made of rice dough • food • medicine • to eat • to feed • bait (either for fish or for other animals) • to lure
|strawberry ‖ Alternative spelling of 苺 (“strawberry”)
| ‖ 餌(えさ) • (esa) ^(←ゑさ (wesa)?) ‖ 餌(え) • (e) ^(←ゑ (we)?)
|莓 • (mae) · 莓 • (mae) (hangeul 매, revised mae, McCune–Reischauer mae, Yale may)
| ‖ animal food, feed • bait ‖ animal food, feed • bait
|餌 • (i) · 餌 • (i) (hangeul 이, revised i, McCune–Reischauer i, Yale i)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : nhị • Hán-Nôm : nhĩ
|
|
|莓
|餌
|-
|-
|莘
|餐
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : san¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄣ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰaːn) : phonetic 𣦼 () + semantic 食 (“to eat; meal; food”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-dz(j)a-k/n/t/s (“to eat; food; to feed; rice”), whence Tibetan ཟ (za, “to eat”); probably also related to 咀 (OC *ʔsaʔ, *zaʔ, “to chew”) (STEDT; Benedict, 1972; Schuessler, 2007). \ Alternatively, it may be compared to Tibetan འཚལ ('tshal, “to eat”), ཚལ་མ (tshal ma, “breakfast”) (Coblin, 1986; Schuessler, 2007; Hill, 2019).
|long • numerous • a surname • (～縣) Shen County, a county in Shandong. ‖ a type of marsh plant whose root is used for medicine
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshan • Middle-Chinese : tshan
|to eat • meal • cuisine; (type of) food • Classifier for meals. • (Cantonese, Gan, Xiang) Classifier for beatings, scoldings, etc. • (Hong Kong Cantonese) Short for 午餐肉 (“luncheon meat”).
| ‖ 餐(さん) • (san)
| ‖ eating and drinking
|餐 • (chan, son) · 餐 • (chan, son) (hangeul 찬, 손, revised chan, son, McCune–Reischauer ch'an, son, Yale chan, son)
|
|
|long • numerous • marsh plant whose root is used for medicine
|Hán-Nôm : xun • Hán-Nôm : san • Hán-Nôm : xan
|莘 • (sin) · 莘 • (sin) (hangeul 신, revised sin, McCune–Reischauer sin, Yale sin)
|long • numerous • a marsh plant whose root is used for medicine
|
|
|莘
|餐
|-
|-
|莞
|餘
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gun¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwaan¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gun² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuán ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wun⁵ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wun⁵
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *la) : semantic 食 + phonetic 余 (OC *la). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *la) : semantic 食 + phonetic 余 (OC *la).
|a type of long-stem watergrass, possibly the softstem rush (Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani) or Shichito matgrass (Cyperus malaccensis) • mat woven using this kind of grass • a surname ‖ Used in 東莞／东莞 (Dōngguǎn, “Dongguan”); also used as its short form. ‖ smiling ‖ Alternative form of 脘 (wǎn, “gastric cavity”)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : û • Hokkien · Tai-lo : îr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : î • Middle-Chinese : yo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝˊ
|to remain; to have left • time after an event • over; more than • surplus; remainder; excess • remaining; spare; surplus • (obsolete) Alternative form of 余 (“I”) • (obsolete) salt • a surname: Yu ‖ Only used in 緒餘／绪余 (xùyú).
|
|
|Kyūjitai form of 余. • (rare) be left over
|餘 (eumhun 남을 여 (nameul yeo))
|hanja form of 여 (“remainder”)
|Hán-Nôm : dư • Hán-Nôm : thừa
|
|
|莞 • (gwan, wan) · 莞 • (gwan, wan) (hangeul 관, 완, revised gwan, wan, McCune–Reischauer kwan, wan, Yale kwan, wan)
|餘
|-
|馨
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰeːŋ) : phonetic 殸 (OC *kʰreːŋ, *kʰeːŋs) + semantic 香 (“sweet”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄣ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hing¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hing • Middle-Chinese : xeng
|(literary) spread out fragrance; fragrant • (literary, figurative) widespread renown and reputation
| ‖ 馨(かおる) • (Kaoru)
|fragrant • balmy • favourable ‖ a unisex given name
|馨 (eumhun 꽃다울 형 (kkotdaul hyeong)) · 馨 (eumhun 향기 형 (hyanggi hyeong))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : hinh • Hán-Nôm : hanh • Hán-Nôm : hênh
|
|
|莞
|馨
|-
|-
|莠
|駐
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁵
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tos) : semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 主 (OC *tjoʔ). Cf. 住 (zhù), with the 人 radical replacing 馬. \ Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan, with *-s nominalization or stative suffix. 輟 (OC *tod) is a likely cognate via causative formation. (Jin, 2004)
|Setaria viridis (green foxtail, green bristlegrass, wild foxtail millet) • (figurative) bad (one)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyu³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsù • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsū • Middle-Chinese : trjuH
|(of troops, diplomats) to be stationed; to be posted • (literary, or in compounds) to halt; to stop
|
|
|station; one's post; stationed at • resident • stationary
|駐 (eumhun 머무를 주 (meomureul ju))
|hanja form of 주 (“to be stationed; to be posted”)
|Hán-Nôm : trú
|
|
|莠 • (yu) · 莠 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu, Yale yu)
|駐
|
|
|莠
|-
|-
|莢
|駒
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaap³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haap³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiap • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kueh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gueh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngeh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngueh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : keh
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ko) : semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 句 (OC *koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo). \ Ultimately from Sanskrit घोट (ghoṭa), घोड (ghoḍa) (see घोटक (ghoṭaka) for Indo-Aryan descendants), which has been borrowed into many Sino-Tibetan languages; cognate with Proto-Tani *kɯ, Mizo sa-kawr (STEDT 6023). \ Alternatively, Wang (1982) relates this to 狗 (OC *koːʔ, “dog; puppy”), 羔 (OC *kluː, “lamb”), 𤘽 (“calf”).
|pods of leguminous plants • (Hokkien) Classifier for pod of legumes. • (Taiwanese Hokkien) Classifier for bananas.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ku • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khi • Middle-Chinese : kju
|foal (young horse) • a surname
| ‖ 駒(こま) • (koma)
| ‖ (rare) foal, young horse (or generally) horse • (shogi, chess) piece, man • someone controlled by another: a pawn, a puppet • (music) bridge (the piece, on string instruments, that supports the strings from the sounding board)
|駒 • (gu) · 駒 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu)
|
|
|pod • hull • husk • shell • case
|Hán-Nôm : câu
|莢 (eumhun 꼬투리 협 (kkoturi hyeop))
|pod (of soybean) • Lespedeza cuneata
|
|
|莢
|駒
|-
|-
|菁
|騷
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cing¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zing¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshenn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshinn
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *suː) : semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 蚤 (OC *ʔsuːʔ). Sense “grieved, sad” is a phonetic loan. \ ; to harass, to bother \ ; grieved, sad ‖ From English show. Doublet of 秀 (xiù).
|(literary, obsolete) garlic chive flowers (Allium tuberosum) • (literary, obsolete) flowers • Brassica • Used in 菁菁 (jīngjīng, “luxuriant”). • (Southern Min) betel nut • (Eastern Min) common reed
|Cantonese · Jyutping : sou¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄠ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : so • Hokkien · Tai-lo : soo • Middle-Chinese : saw ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : sou¹
|to harass; to bother; to annoy; to disturb; to agitate • sad; grieved • coquettish; flirty; provocative • Alternative form of 臊 (“having the smell like one of urine”) • (Sichuanese) at random • (Lanyin Mandarin) flippant • (Xinjiang Mandarin) awesome ‖ show; performance • to show; to display
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|菁 • (cheong) · 菁 • (cheong) (hangeul 청, revised cheong, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏng, Yale cheng)
|騷 (eum 소 (so))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : tao
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|
|菁
|騷
|-
|-
|菅
|驅
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuann
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰo, *kʰos) : semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 區 (OC *qoː, *kʰo).
|^† a variety of grass • a surname
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : keoi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khi • Middle-Chinese : khju • Middle-Chinese : khjuH
| ‖ 菅(すげ) or 菅(スゲ) • (suge) ‖ 菅(すが) • (suga) ‖ 菅(すが) • (Suga) ‖ 菅(かん) • (kan) ^(←くわん (kwan)?) ‖ 菅(かん) • (Kan) ^(←くわん (kwan)?)
|to drive (a horse or a car); to spur • to run quickly • to expel; to disperse • to compel • Short for 驅逐艦／驱逐舰 (qūzhújiàn, “destroyer”).
| ‖ a sedge ‖ (rare or in compounds) a sedge ‖ a surname ‖ a variety of grass • Sugawara no Michizane ‖ a surname
|菅 • (gwan) · 菅 • (gwan) (hangeul 관, revised gwan, McCune–Reischauer kwan, Yale kwan)
|
|
|spur a horse on • expel • drive away
|驅 (eumhun 몰 구 (mol gu))
|hanja form of 구 (“spur a horse on”) • hanja form of 구 (“expel, drive away”)
|Hán-Nôm : xúi • Hán-Nôm : khu • Hán-Nôm : xù
|
|
|菅
|驅
|-
|-
|菰
|驗
|Cantonese · Jyutping : gu¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : koo
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋrams) : semantic 馬 + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam).
|Manchurian wild rice (Zizania latifolia)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : giām • Middle-Chinese : ngjemH
|to test; to examine; to inspect • to verify • to produce the desired effect • intended result
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|
|
|
|菰 • (go) · 菰 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko)
|驗 (eum 험 (heom))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : nghiệm
|
|
|菰
|驗
|-
|-
|菴
|驛
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˇ
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *laːɡ) : semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 睪 (OC *neb, *laːɡ, *kuː). \ Same word as 繹 (OC *laːɡ, “to unravel”) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for more. \ Alternatively, Blažek and Schwarz (2017) suggest that this is perhaps a loan from a hypothetical Tocharian compound *klyælylyæ-yäkwæ (“standing of horses”), but this seems to be highly speculative. \ The Taiwanese Hokkien sense is an orthographic borrowing from Japanese 駅(えき) (eki).
|Only used in 菴藹／菴蔼.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : i̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia̍k • Middle-Chinese : yek
|posthorse • relay station (for posting horses) • (Taiwanese Hokkien) train station, bus stop, or similar
| ‖ 驛(えき) • (eki)
| ‖ Kyūjitai form of 駅: station (train, underground/subway)
|驛 (eum 역 (yeok)) ‖ 驛 • (yeok) (hangeul 역)
| ‖ hanja form of 역 (“(railway, subway) station”)
|
|
|hermitage
|菴 (eum 암 (am))
|
|
|驛
|-
|骸
|Possibly related to 核 (OC *ɡuːd, *ɡrɯːɡ, “kernel; seed”) (Schuessler, 2007; Smith, 2011). See there for further etymology.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haai⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hoi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hâi • Middle-Chinese : heaj
|skeleton; bones (particularly of a dead person) • shinbone • body
| ‖ 骸(むくろ) • (mukuro)
|corpse ‖ corpse
|骸 (eumhun 뼈 해 (ppyeo hae))
|hanja form of 해 (“corpse; body”) • hanja form of 해 (“bone”)
|Hán-Nôm : hài
|
|
|菴
|骸
|-
|-
|菸
|髓
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ
|From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *suj (“marrow”).
|to fade; to wither; to wilt ‖ a kind of smelly grass
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshé • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshér • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshué • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuí • Middle-Chinese : sjweX
|bone marrow • pith; medulla • essence; substance
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|髓 (eumhun 뼛골 수 (ppyeotgol su))
|hanja form of 수 (“bone marrow”)
|Hán-Nôm : tủy • Hán-Nôm : tuỷ
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|髓
|-
|體
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *r̥ʰiːʔ) : semantic 骨 (“bone”) + phonetic 豊 (OC *riːʔ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sri (“to exist”) (Benedict, 1976); cognate with Proto-Tibeto-Burman *s-ri(t), whence Tibetan སྲིད་པ (srid pa) and Burmese ရှိ (hri., “to be, to exist”). \ Schuessler (2007) derives Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-riŋ ~ s-r(j)aŋ (“live, alive, green, raw”) from this root, yet points out that 生 (OC *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs)'s initial *sr- cluster was retained instead of becoming voiceless /r̥/ as in 體 (OC *r̥ʰiːʔ), possibly owing to re-analysis of *s- as a causative prefix.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thái • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thué • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuínn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thé • Middle-Chinese : thejX
|body • part of the body • state of a substance • whole entity • form; structure • (literature) style; form; genre; structure • style of calligraphy • typeface • three-dimensional object • principle • (Mainland China, grammar) aspect of a verb • (Taiwan, mathematics) field • to do or experience personally • to put oneself in someone else's position • (Philippine Hokkien) manner; attitude; behavior • a surname
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|body
|體 (eumhun 몸 체 (mom che))
|hanja form of 체 (“body; shape; form”) • hanja form of 체 (“matter; object”) • hanja form of 체 (“style; handwriting”)
|Hán-Nôm : thể
|
|
|菸
|體
|-
|-
|菽
|髮
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : suk¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : suk⁶
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pod) : semantic 髟 (“long hair”) + phonetic 犮 (OC *boːd). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-pu. Alternatively, it may be derived from 發 (OC *pad, “to sprout”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|beans and peas collectively; pulse; legume
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄚˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄚˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huat • Middle-Chinese : pjot
|(anatomy) hair • (figurative) grass and trees (on a mountain); vegetation • a surname
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|
|hair (specifically on one's head; does not indicate body hair)
|髮 (eumhun 터럭 발 (teoreok bal))
|hanja form of 발 (“hair”)
|Hán-Nôm : phát
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|
|菽 • (suk) · 菽 • (suk) (hangeul 숙, revised suk, McCune–Reischauer suk, Yale swuk)
|髮
|beans, peas (literary)
|-
|鬱
|Originally ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 林 (“forest”) + 大 (“person”) + 勹. \ Now phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qud) : semantic 林 (“forest”) + phonetic 𩰪 ().
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wat¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ut • Middle-Chinese : 'jut
|lush; luxuriant; exuberant; dense; thick • depressed; gloomy; moody • to gather; to build up; to stagnate; to become stagnant • to begrudge; to resent; to feel aggrieved • various; abundant; profuse • deep; obscure; profound • melancholy; depression • hot air (rising); steam • a kind of plum • name of a god • tall and big • putrid; putrefied • tulip; fragrant grass • (～水) name for a branch of the Pearl River, including the You River, Yu River and the Xun River in Guangxi, as well as the Xi River downstream in Guangdong • (～郡) name of an ancient Chinese prefecture • (Hokkien) to suppress one's feelings; to hold back one's emotions (of worry, anger, etc.) • (Hokkien) to bend; to coil; to twist • (Hokkien) to curl up; to roll up • (Mainland China Hokkien) to cause someone to feel wronged • (Mainland China Hokkien) to constrain oneself to work • (Taiwanese Hokkien) to restrain; to hold back; to constrain • a surname
| ‖ 鬱(うつ) • (utsu) -na (adnominal 鬱(うつ)な (utsu na), adverbial 鬱(うつ)に (utsu ni)) ‖ 鬱(うつ) • (utsu) ‖ 鬱(うつ) • (utsu)
|depression, gloom, melancholy ‖ depressing • depressed ‖ (psychiatry) depression ‖ dense (growth); lush; luxuriant • accumulate; stagnate • depression; gloom; melancholy
|鬱 (eumhun 답답할 울 (dapdaphal ul))
|hanja form of 울 (“stuffy; stifling; suffocating”)
|Hán-Nôm : uất
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|
|菽
|鬱
|-
|-
|萃
|魁
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi⁶
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰuːl) : phonetic 鬼 (OC *kulʔ) + semantic 斗 (“ladle”) – soup ladle. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰuːl) : phonetic 鬼 (OC *kulʔ) + semantic 斗 (“ladle”) – soup ladle. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰuːl) : phonetic 鬼 (OC *kulʔ) + semantic 斗 (“ladle”) – soup ladle.
|to gather; to collect; to assemble • gathering; group • to stop; to halt • Alternative form of 悴 (cuì)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fui¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khue • Middle-Chinese : khwoj ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄞˋ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : khe
|first; leading; best • chief; leader; head • tall and big; imposing; stalwart • outstanding; prominent; exceptional • (literary) soup ladle; dipper; spoon • (literary, astronomy) Dubhe (the first star in the Big Dipper, farthest from the handle) • (literary, astronomy) Dubhe (the first star in the Big Dipper, farthest from the handle) · (literary, astronomy) the four stars comprising the bowl of the Big Dipper • (obsolete) mound; small hill • (obsolete) blood clam • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 塊／块 (kuài, “alone; solitary”) ‖ (Hokkien) Used in 魁頭／魁头 (khe-thâu).
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|
|collect • gather • assemble
|One who charges ahead of others • leader, forerunner
|萃 • (chwe, chwi, chae) · 萃 • (chwe, chwi, chae) (hangeul 췌, 취, 채, revised chwe, chwi, chae, McCune–Reischauer ch'we, ch'wi, ch'ae, Yale chwey, chwi, chay)
|魁 (eum 괴 (goe))
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : khôi
|
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|萃
|魁
|-
|-
|萊
|魄
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : loi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lâi
|From Proto-Sino-Tibetan; cognate with Tibetan བླ (bla) and Burmese လိပ်ပြာ (lippra). \ Related to 白 (OC *braːɡ, “white”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ ; "illuminated part of the moon" \ ; "dark part of the moon" ‖ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan; cognate with Tibetan བླ (bla) and Burmese လိပ်ပြာ (lippra). \ Related to 白 (OC *braːɡ, “white”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ ; "illuminated part of the moon" \ ; "dark part of the moon" ‖ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan; cognate with Tibetan བླ (bla) and Burmese လိပ်ပြာ (lippra). \ Related to 白 (OC *braːɡ, “white”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ ; "illuminated part of the moon" \ ; "dark part of the moon"
|goosefoot • weed (wild grass) • fallow field • (historical) an ancient Dongyi state conquered by Qi
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paak³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phik • Middle-Chinese : phaek ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bok⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tok³ • Middle-Chinese : thak
|(religion, folklore) the po, the soul which does not leave the body after death, compared to 魂 (hún) which does. • soul; spirit • vigor • body • (archaic, Chinese astronomy) bright, illuminated part of the moon • (obsolete, retroactively proscribed) dark part of the moon ‖ sound of falling • Used in 魄莫. • Used in 旁魄. ‖ Only used in 落魄 (luòtuò), alternative form of 落拓 (luòtuò)
| ‖ 魄(たま) • (tama) ‖ 魄(はく) • (haku)
|a soul ‖ Alternative spelling of 魂 (“soul”) ‖ (religion, folklore) po (haku), the soul which does not leave the body after death, compared to hun (kon) which does.
|魄 (eumhun 넋 백 (neok baek)) ‖ 魄 (eumhun 영락할 탁 (yeongnakhal tak))
|hanja form of 백 (“soul; spirit”) ‖ hanja form of 탁 (“to wither and fall”)
|Hán-Nôm : phách
|
|
|goosefoot • overgrown field
|魄
|萊 (eumhun 명아주 래 (myeong'aju rae), South Korea 명아주 내 (myeong'aju nae))
|-
|魏
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋɡuls) : phonetic 委 (OC *qrol, *qrolʔ) + phonetic 鬼 (OC *kulʔ). \ ;high \ ;name of Zhou's vassal state ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋɡuls) : phonetic 委 (OC *qrol, *qrolʔ) + phonetic 鬼 (OC *kulʔ). \ ;high \ ;name of Zhou's vassal state
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : guī • Middle-Chinese : ngjw+jH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngai⁴
|(historical) (～國) State of Wei during the Warring States period • (historical) (～國) Cao Wei, one of the three major states in the Three Kingdoms period • (historical) (～朝) any of the dynasties of Northern Wei, Eastern Wei or Western Wei • a surname • high; tall • palace watchtower ‖ ^† standing alone • Alternative form of 巍 (wéi, “towering”)
| ‖ 魏(ぎ) • (Gi)
|high • large ‖ Wei kingdom in China
|魏 • (wi) · 魏 • (wi) (hangeul 위, revised wi, McCune–Reischauer wi, Yale wi)
|hanja form of 위 (“Wei kingdom in China”)
|canonical : 魏: Hán Việt readings: nguy • canonical : ngụy • canonical : nguỵ
|
|
|魏
|-
|鯨
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡraŋ) : semantic 魚 (“fish”) + phonetic 京 (OC *kraŋ). \ Cognate with 京 (OC *kraŋ, “mound; capital; great”) (Wang, 1982).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : king • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiang • Middle-Chinese : gjaeng
|whale • great; huge
| ‖ 鯨(くじら) or 鯨(クジラ) • (kujira) ^(←くぢら (kudira)?) ‖ 鯨(いさ) • (isa) ‖ 鯨(いさな) • (isana)
| ‖ a whale (large sea mammal) ‖ (archaic) a whale (large sea mammal) ‖ (archaic) a whale (large sea mammal)
|鯨 (eumhun 고래 경 (gorae gyeong))
|hanja form of 경 (“whale”)
|Hán-Nôm : kình • Hán-Nôm : kềnh
|
|
|萊
|鯨
|-
|-
|萋
|鳳
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cai¹
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bums) : phonetic 凡 (OC *bom) + 鳥 (“bird”). \ In the oracle bone script, the script of 鳳 (OC *bums) was often phonetically borrowed to represent 風 (OC *plum, *plums, “wind”). Subsequent forms of the script of 風 were also derived from parts of the bronze inscription of 鳳.
|(of vegetation) luxuriant; lush; abundant • Used in 萋斐.
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fung⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fung⁶⁻² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hōng • Middle-Chinese : bjuwngH
|(Chinese mythology) male fenghuang (a mythological bird) • (Cantonese, euphemistic) chicken (as food) • (Hong Kong Cantonese) female prostitute • (～縣) Feng County, Fengxian (a county of Baoji, Shaanxi, China) • a surname
| ‖ 鳳(ほう) • (hō) ‖ 鳳(ほう) • (Hō)
|feng (male fire-bird) or other fabled bird • person of excellence • imperial • expression of respect ‖ (Chinese mythology) feng: a fabled male fire-bird, thought to be a manifestation of a saint ‖ a surname
|鳳 (eumhun 봉새 봉 (bongsae bong))
|hanja form of 봉 (“male phoenix”)
|Hán-Nôm : phượng • Hán-Nôm : phụng
|phoenix • Mohur tree
|鳳
|-
|鴻
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡoːŋ, *ɡoːŋʔ) : phonetic 江 (OC *kroːŋ) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hông • Middle-Chinese : huwng • Middle-Chinese : huwngX
|(literary) swan • (literary) swan goose • (literary, figuratively) letter; epistle; written message • (literary) of great size; big; large; huge • (literary) strong; powerful; energetic
| ‖ 鴻(ひしくい) or 鴻(ヒシクイ) • (hishikui) ^(←ひしくひ (fisikufi) or ヒシクヒ (fisikufi)?)
|a large bird • a wild goose • large/great • powerful • prosperous ‖ Alternative spelling of 菱食 (“taiga bean goose (Anser fabalis)”)
|鴻 • (hong) · 鴻 • (hong) (hangeul 홍, revised hong, McCune–Reischauer hong, Yale hong)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : hồng
|
|
|萋 • (cheo) · 萋 • (cheo) (hangeul 처, revised cheo, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏ, Yale che)
|鴻
|-
|鹽
|Characters in the same phonetic series (監) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·lam, *ɡ·lams) : phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms) + semantic 鹵 (“salt”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-rjum (“salt”). The Min forms point to a fricative initial in Proto-Min *ziem (“a white encrustation formed from saltwater or brine”). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (監) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·lam, *ɡ·lams) : phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms) + semantic 鹵 (“salt”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-rjum (“salt”). The Min forms point to a fricative initial in Proto-Min *ziem (“a white encrustation formed from saltwater or brine”).
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sînn • Middle-Chinese : yem ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sīnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iām • Middle-Chinese : yemH
|salt; salty substance, especially table salt • (chemistry) salt • (Southern Min) food product pickled with salt • (Southern Min) sweat stain; salt efflorescence • (cryptography) salt ‖ (Classical, Min or Wu) to salt; to lay in brine; to pickle; to marinate • (Eastern Min) to devote oneself to; to invest • (Southern Min, of a wound) irritated; painful (from salt or medication) • (Ningbonese, of one's body) to be drenched in sweat • (Ningbonese) to apply soap to; to dab or cover with soap • Alternative form of 豔／艳 (yàn, “to envy”)
|
|
|kyūjitai form of 塩 (“salt”)
|鹽 (eumhun 소금 염 (sogeum yeom))
|
|
|萋
|Hán-Nôm : diêm • Hán-Nôm : diễm
|(in compounds) salt
|鹽
|-
|-
|萱
|麓
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hyun¹
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roːɡ) : semantic 林 + phonetic 鹿 (OC *b·roːɡ)
|^† daylily (Hemerocallis flava) • ^† mother
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : luk¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : luk⁶ • Middle-Chinese : luwk
|foot of a mountain or hill; foothill • (obsolete) forest at the foot of a mountain • (obsolete) official who manages a (mountain) forest preserve
|
|
|foot of a mountain
|麓 (eumhun 산기슭 록 (san'giseuk rok), word-initial (South Korea) 산기슭 녹 (san'giseuk nok))
|hanja form of 록/녹 (“foot of a mountain”)
|Hán-Nôm : lộc
|
|
|萱 (eum 훤 (hwon))
|麓
|
|
|萱
|-
|萵
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wo¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : meh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ue • Hokkien · Tai-lo : e • Hokkien · Tai-lo : o
|lettuce
|
|
|萵 • (wa) · 萵 • (wa) (hangeul 와, revised wa, McCune–Reischauer wa, Yale wa)
|
|
|萵
|-
|萸
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴
|Only used in 茱萸 (zhūyú).
|
|
|萸 • (yu) · 萸 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu, Yale yu)
|
|
|萸
|-
|萼
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngok⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : go̍k
|calyx
| ‖ 萼(がく) • (gaku) ‖ 萼(うてな) • (utena)
|calyx • cup ‖ (botany) a calyx (collective term for sepals) ‖ (botany) a calyx (collective term for sepals)
|萼 • (ak) · 萼 • (ak) (hangeul 악, revised ak, McCune–Reischauer ak, Yale ak)
|
|
|萼
|-
|葦
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai⁵ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˇ
|^⁜ reed; rush ‖ Alternative form of 緯／纬 (wěi, “to weave”)
|
|
|葦 • (wi) · 葦 • (wi) (hangeul 위, revised wi, McCune–Reischauer wi, Yale wi)
|reed
|chữ Hán form of vy (“reed”).
|葦
|-
|葩
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pha
|^† flower • ^† beautiful • (Southern Min) Classifier for lamps. • (Southern Min) Classifier for things that are strung together.
|
|
|葩 (eum 파 (pa))
|
|
|葩
|-
|葱
|
|
| ‖ 葱(ねぎ) or 葱(ネギ) • (negi) (counter 本)
|leek • scallion, green onion ‖ scallion, leek
|葱 • (chong) · 葱 • (chong) (hangeul 총, revised chong, McCune–Reischauer ch'ong, Yale chong)
|
|
|葱
|-
|葷
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hun ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄣ
|(Buddhism) strong-smelling vegetables, such as spring onion, garlic and garlic chives • meat or fish dishes (as opposed to vegetarian dishes) • (figurative) low-class; obscene; vulgar; dirty ‖ Only used in 葷粥／荤粥 and 葷鬻／荤鬻.
|
|strong smelling • strong smelling vegetable, esp. garlic, onion, Chinese chives (Allium tuberosum), Chinese scallion (Allium chinense), Allium macrostemon (Japanese garlic) • meat diet
|葷 • (hun) · 葷 • (hun) (hangeul 훈, McCune–Reischauer hun, Yale hwun)
|meat diet • strong smelling
|
|葷
|-
|蒐
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau²
|(literary) madder (Rubia cordifolia) • (literary) to hunt in spring (or autumn) • (archaic) to review troops • (archaic) to conceal; to hide • (alt. form 搜) to gather; to collect; to assemble • (alt. form 搜) to seek; to look for; to search for
|
|to collect, to gather • collection
|蒐 • (su) · 蒐 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu)
|
|
|蒐
|-
|蒞
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁶
|to attend; to arrive (in an official function or ceremony) • to manage
|
|
|蒞 • (ri>i) · 蒞 • (ri>i) (hangeul 리>이, revised ri>i, McCune–Reischauer ri>i, Yale li>i)
|
|
|蒞
|-
|蒿
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hou¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hoo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ho • Hokkien · Tai-lo : o • Hokkien · Tai-lo : e • Hokkien · Tai-lo : er
|Artemisia (mugwort; wormwood; sagebrush) • (in compounds) an Artemisia-like plant • evaporating; emitting (scents) • Alternative form of 耗 (“to consume; to use up”) • Used in 蒿目. • a surname: Hao
|
|wormwood
|蒿 (eumhun 쑥 호 (ssuk ho))
|mugwort
|chữ Hán form of hao (“artemisia”). • Nôm form of khao (“garland chrysanthemum”).
|蒿
|-
|蓀
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : syun¹
|(literary) sweet flag (Acorus) • Used in 溪蓀／溪荪.
|
|
|蓀 • (so) · 蓀 • (so) (hangeul 소, revised so, McCune–Reischauer so, Yale so)
|
|
|蓀
|-
|蓆
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zik⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zek⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshio̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si̍k
|woven mat made of bamboo strips or grass
|
|
|蓆 • (seok) · 蓆 • (seok) (hangeul 석, revised seok, McCune–Reischauer sŏk, Yale sek)
|
|
|蓆
|-
|蓓
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pui⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puē
|Only used in 蓓蕾 (bèilěi, “flower bud”).
|
|
|蓓 • (bae) · 蓓 • (bae) (hangeul 배, revised bae, McCune–Reischauer pae, Yale pay)
|
|
|蓓
|-
|蔔
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄅㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baak⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : po̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pa̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ta̍k
|carrot
|
|daikon
|蔔 • (bok) · 蔔 • (bok) (hangeul 복, revised bok, McCune–Reischauer pok, Yale pok)
|
|
|蔔
|-
|蔣
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiúnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiónn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiáng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄤ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng¹
|A Warring States-era state in modern-day Henan, China • a surname • Alternative form of 獎／奖 (jiǎng) ‖ Manchurian wild rice (Zizania latifolia)
|
|Manchurian wild rice (Zizania latifolia, or Hydropyrum latifolium)
|蔣 • (jang) · 蔣 • (jang) (hangeul 장, revised jang, McCune–Reischauer chang, Yale cang)
|Manchurian wild rice (Zizania latifolia, or Hydropyrum latifolium)
|
|蔣
|-
|蔭
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jam¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jam³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ìm
|shade of a tree; shadow • a surname ‖ without sunlight, cool and wet • to hide from view; to conceal; to cover • to protect; to shelter • favor from one's ancestors • (obsolete) cellar, darkroom
| ‖ 蔭(いん) • (in) ‖ 蔭(おん) • (on) ‖ 蔭(おん) • (on)
| ‖ shade of the tree; shadow of the sun • backing; assistance; shelter • (historical) benefit (such as position, rank) from one's ancestor ‖ (historical) benefit (such as position, rank) from one's ancestor ‖ (historical) under the Ritsuryō system,
|蔭 • (eum) · 蔭 • (eum) (hangeul 음, revised eum, McCune–Reischauer ŭm, Yale um)
|
|
|蔭
|-
|蕃
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : faan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huân ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄢ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : faan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huan ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : faan¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bo³
|(literary) luxuriant; lush • (literary) abundant; numerous • (literary) to breed; to multiply; to proliferate ‖ Alternative form of 藩 (“to shield; to protect”) ‖ Alternative form of 番 (“foreign”) ‖ Only used in 吐蕃 (Tǔbō, “(historical) Tibet”) and 土蕃 (“(historical) Tibet”).
| ‖ 蕃(ばん) • (ban) ^(←ばん (ban)?)
|grow thick and full (of plant growth) • multiply, increase ‖ barbarian • (historical, Taiwan under Japanese rule, specifically) aboriginal
|蕃 • (beon) · 蕃 • (beon) (hangeul 번, revised beon, McCune–Reischauer pŏn, Yale pen)
|
|
|蕃
|-
|蕙
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai⁶
|orchid
|
|
|蕙 • (hye) · 蕙 • (hye) (hangeul 혜, revised hye, McCune–Reischauer hye, Yale hyey)
|
|chữ Hán form of huệ (“tuberose, a species of fragrant white flower”).
|蕙
|-
|蕨
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kyut³
|bracken (Pteridium aquilinum)
| ‖ 蕨(わらび) or 蕨(ワラビ) • (warabi) ‖ 蕨(わらび) • (Warabi)
| ‖ bracken (any of several coarse ferns) ‖ Warabi (a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan)
|蕨 • (gwol) · 蕨 • (gwol) (hangeul 궐, revised gwol, McCune–Reischauer kwŏl, Yale kwel)
|
|
|蕨
|-
|蕩
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dong⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǒng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tňg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tn̄g
|to sway; to swing • (literary, or in compounds) to wash away; to cleanse • (literary, or in compounds) to clear away; to eliminate • to wander; to roam • (literary, or in compounds) vast and wide; broad and expansive • (literary, or in compounds) flat; level; smooth • (literary, or in compounds) unconstrained and doing whatever one wants
|
|
|蕩 (eumhun 방탕할 탕 (bangtanghal tang))
|Hanja form of 탕 (“wander”).
|
|蕩
|-
|蕪
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bû
|full of weed; overgrown with weed [from Old Chinese] • disused cropland; thickly-grown grassland; weed-choked land [from Old Chinese] • (figurative) of a turgid literary style [from Middle Chinese]
| ‖ 蕪(かぶ) • (kabu) ‖ 蕪(かぶら) • (kabura)
|turnip ‖ turnip ‖ turnip
|蕪 • (mu) · 蕪 • (mu) (hangeul 무, revised mu, McCune–Reischauer mu, Yale mu)
|
|
|蕪
|-
|蕭
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : siu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sio • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siau
|(obsolete) Chinese mugwort (Artemisia argyi) • desolate; bleak • (obsolete) Alternative form of 肅／肃 (“respectful”) • (～國) (historical) Xiao (an ancient state during the Spring and Autumn period, located in modern-day Xiao County, Anhui) • (～縣) Xiao County (a county of Anhui, China) • a surname
|
|
|蕭 • (so) · 蕭 • (so) (hangeul 소, revised so, McCune–Reischauer so, Yale so)
|
|
|蕭
|-
|薑
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : goeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kionn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiaunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiang
|ginger
|
|ginger
|薑 • (gang) · 薑 • (gang) (hangeul 강, revised gang, McCune–Reischauer kang, Yale kang)
|
| ‖ Nôm form of gừng (“ginger”).
|薑
|-
|薔
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄜˋ
|Only used in 薔薇／蔷薇 (qiángwēi). ‖ (obsolete) hydropiper (Persicaria hydropiper) • a surname
|
|
|薔 (eumhun 장미 장 (jangmi jang)) ‖ 薔 (eumhun 물여뀌 색 (muryeokkwi saek))
|Hanja form of 장 (“rose”). ‖ Hanja form of 색 (“hydropiper”).
|
|薔
|-
|薛
|Cantonese · Jyutping : sit³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄝ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sih • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siat
|kind of marsh grass • name of a feudal state • a surname
|
|
|薛 • (seol) · 薛 • (seol) (hangeul 설, revised seol, McCune–Reischauer sŏl, Yale sel)
|
|
|薛
|-
|薜
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bai⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pē ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baak³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄞˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˋ
|Used in 薜荔 (bìlì) and 薜羅／薜罗. • ^‡ type of grass • a surname. ‖ Angelica sinensis (type of medicinal herb) • mountain hemp (Ribes manshuricum) ‖ Alternative form of 劈 (“to rupture”) ‖ ^‡ type of aquatic plant ‖ Alternative form of 僻 (“remote; secluded”)
|
|
|薜 • (byeok, pye) · 薜 • (byeok, pye) (hangeul 벽, 폐, revised byeok, pye, McCune–Reischauer pyŏk, p'ye, Yale pyek, phyey)
|
|
|薜
|-
|薩
|Cantonese · Jyutping : saat³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sat
|Short for 菩薩／菩萨 (púsà). • a surname
| ‖ 薩(さつ) • (satsu) ^(←さつ (satu)?)
| ‖ Short for 薩摩 (Satsuma, “Satsuma (a former domain in Japan)”).
|薩 • (sal) · 薩 • (sal) (hangeul 살, revised sal, McCune–Reischauer sal, Yale sal)
|
|
|薩
|-
|藐
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : miu⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : biáu
|^† small; young • ^† to look down on; to think little of • ^† Alternative form of 邈 (miǎo, “faraway; distant”)
|
|
|藐 • (myo) · 藐 • (myo) (hangeul 묘, revised myo, McCune–Reischauer myo, Yale myo)
|
|
|藐
|-
|藪
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄡˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sóo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dau³
|shallow lake overgrown with wild plants • gathering place ‖ (Cantonese, Hakka) Alternative form of 竇／窦 (dòu, “nest; den; home”) (chiefly used in place names.)
| ‖ 藪(やぶ) • (yabu) ‖ 藪(やぶ) • (Yabu)
|thicket, grove, copse • collection ‖ a thicket, grove, copse (as of trees, shrubs, or bamboo) • Short for 藪医者 (yabu isha): a poor doctor • Short for 藪入り (yabuiri): a holiday granted to servants on the 16th day of the first and seventh months • Short for 藪睨み (yabunirami): a squint; a misguided thinking or view • Short for 藪蕎麦 (yabusoba): a type of soba made from green buckwheat without the endocarp removed; a shop selling soba in this method ‖ a surname
|藪 • (su) · 藪 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu)
|
|
|藪
|-
|藹
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : oi² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ài • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ái
|amiable; nice; kind • (literary) lush; exuberant • a surname
|
|
|藹 • (ae) · 藹 • (ae) (hangeul 애, revised ae, McCune–Reischauer ae, Yale ay)
|
|
|藹
|-
|藺
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leon⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līn
|(obsolete) common rush; soft rush • a surname
| ‖ 藺(い) • (i) ^(←ゐ (wi)?)
|rush, used for tatami covers ‖ a bulrush, a rush (plant)
|藺 • (rin>in) · 藺 • (rin>in) (hangeul 린>인, revised rin>in, McCune–Reischauer rin>in, Yale lin>in)
|
|
|藺
|-
|蘆
|Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˇ
|reed • root of shepherd's purse • Used in 蘆菔／芦菔 (lúfú). • Used in 葫蘆／葫芦 (húlu). • a surname ‖ Only used in 漏蘆／漏芦 (lòulú). ‖ Only used in 油葫蘆／油葫芦 (yóuhúlú).
|
|reed, rush (plant)
|蘆 • (ro, no, yeo) · 蘆 • (ro, no, yeo) (hangeul 로, 노, 여, revised ro, no, yeo, McCune–Reischauer ro, no, yŏ, Yale lo, no, ye)
|
|
|蘆
|-
|蘊
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan² • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ùn ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan¹
|(literary) to accumulate; to hold in store; to contain • (literary) profoundness; profundity • (Buddhism) skandha ‖ mare's tail, water plants of the genus Hippuris
| ‖ 蘊(うん) • (un) ‖ 蘊(うん) • (un) ‖ 蘊(おさむ) • (Osamu) ^(←をさむ (wosamu)?)
|pile up • deep inside • aggregate ‖ pile up; gather; accumulate • depths; bottom; interior • (Buddhism) skandha (aggregate) ‖ abundance, plentifulness • (Buddhism) a skandha (aggregate) ‖ a male given name
|蘊 • (on) · 蘊 • (on) (hangeul 온, revised on, McCune–Reischauer on, Yale on)
|
|
|蘊
|-
|蘋
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ping⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiâng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pîn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pông ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pan⁴
|Used in 蘋果／苹果 (píngguǒ, “apple”). • Used in 蘋婆／苹婆 (píngpó, “Chinese chestnut”). ‖ water clover, clover fern (family Marsileaceae)
|
|
|蘋 • (bin) · 蘋 • (bin) (hangeul 빈, revised bin, McCune–Reischauer pin, Yale pin)
|
|
|蘋
|-
|蘚
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin²
|lichen, moss
|
|
|蘚 • (seon) · 蘚 • (seon) (hangeul 선, revised seon, McCune–Reischauer sŏn, Yale sen)
|
|
|蘚
|-
|蘸
|Cantonese · Jyutping : zaam³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsàm ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : jaam⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jaam² ‖
|to dip in; to submerge in (sauce, ink, etc.) ‖ (Cantonese) to dip in (sauce, ink, etc.) ‖ (Taishanese) to dip in (sauce, ink, etc.)
|
|
|
|
|
|蘸
|-
|蘿
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lo⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nâ
|(botany) creeping or trailing plants
| ‖ 蘿(かげ) • (kage)
|creeper ‖ wolf's-foot clubmoss (Lycopodium clavatum)
|蘿 • (ra>na) · 蘿 • (ra>na) (hangeul 라>나, revised ra>na, McCune–Reischauer ra>na, Yale la>na)
|
|leaf
|蘿
|-
|虔
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kin⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiân ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kian
|reverent; devout; pious; respectful; sincere • (obsolete) looking like a tiger walking; strong; powerful • ^† to kill; to slaughter; to murder • ^† to plunder; to loot; to seize • a surname ‖ (chiefly Quanzhou Hokkien) Alternative form of 堅／坚 (“to congeal; to encrust”)
|
|respect
|虔 (eumhun 공경할 건 (gonggyeonghal geon))
|
|
|虔
|-
|虚
|
|
|
|emptiness, void • falsehood, lie
|
|
|
|虚
|-
|虧
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwai¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khui
|to lose; to suffer losses • to be lacking; to be deficient • to treat unfairly • luckily; it is fortunate that; thanks to • used to show irony with a note of reproach • (Cantonese) weak; unhealthy • (Cantonese) not very functional; easy to break • (Mainland China) quecto- (SI unit prefix)
|
|wane (moon)
|虧 • (hyu) · 虧 • (hyu) (hangeul 휴, revised hyu, McCune–Reischauer hyu, Yale hyu)
|lose, fail • damage • deficient
|
|虧
|-
|虱
|
|
| ‖ 虱(しらみ) or 虱(シラミ) • (shirami)
|louse ‖ a sucking louse, especially the head louse (Pediculus humanus capitis)
|虱 • (seul) · 虱 • (seul) (hangeul 슬, revised seul, McCune–Reischauer sŭl, Yale sul)
|
|
|虱
|-
|蚕
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄢˇ
|Only used in 蜸蚕／𰲮蚕 (qiǎntiǎn, “earthworm”).
| ‖ 蚕(かいこ) or 蚕(カイコ) • (kaiko) ^(←かひこ (kafiko)?) ‖ 蚕(こ) • (ko)
|silkworm ‖ the silkworm (Bombyx mori) • the larva of a silkworm • sericulture • (slang, used by criminals) silk (of clothing) ‖ (obsolete) silkworm
|蚕 • (cheon, jam) · 蚕 • (cheon, jam) (hangeul 천, 잠, revised cheon, jam, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏn, cham, Yale chen, cam)
|
|
|蚕
|-
|蚩
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshi
|(literary) ignorant; stupid; rude; rustic • (literary) Alternative form of 媸 (chī, “ugly”) • (literary) Alternative form of 嗤 (chī, “to jeer at; to sneer”) • ^‡ a kind of worm (Shuowen) • a surname
|
|
|蚩 • (chi) · 蚩 • (chi) (hangeul 치, revised chi, McCune–Reischauer ch'i, Yale chi)
|
|
|蚩
|-
|蚱
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaak³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsà
|Only used in 蚱蜢 (zhàměng), etc.
|
|
|蚱 (eum 책 (chaek))
|
|
|蚱
|-
|蚶
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ham¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ham
|ark clam
|
|ark shell
|
|
|
|蚶
|-
|蛆
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshir • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshi ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi¹
|maggot • (figurative, derogatory) despicable person • (Southern Min, Puxian Min) wriggler; wiggler; mosquito larva • (Taiwan, neologism, slang, derogatory) supporters of Kuomintang (KMT) ‖ Only used in 蝍蛆 (jíjū).
|
|
|蛆 (eum 저 (jeo))
|
|
|蛆
|-
|蛔
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wui⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huê
|Used in 蛔蟲／蛔虫 (huíchóng). • tapeworm • (Hong Kong Cantonese, Internet slang, derogatory) Muslim
|
|intestinal worms
|蛔 • (hoe) · 蛔 • (hoe) (hangeul 회, revised hoe, McCune–Reischauer hoe, Yale hoy)
|
|
|蛔
|-
|蛟
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kau
|(～龍) (Chinese mythology) mythical flood dragon • aquatic reptile, including the soft-shelled turtle and the alligator • Alternative form of 鮫／鲛 (jiāo, “shark”)
|
|A Water Spirit, generally portrayed as a dragon.
|蛟 • (gyo) · 蛟 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo, Yale kyo)
|
|
|蛟
|-
|蛭
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zat⁶
|leech
| ‖ 蛭(ひる) or 蛭(ヒル) • (hiru)
| ‖ a leech
|蛭 • (jil) · 蛭 • (jil) (hangeul 질, revised jil, McCune–Reischauer chil, Yale cil)
|(거머리) leech
|
|蛭
|-
|蛮
|
|
|
|barbarian
|蛮 • (man) · 蛮 • (man) (hangeul 만, McCune–Reischauer man, Yale man)
|
|
|蛮
|-
|蛹
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ióng
|(biology) pupa, chrysalis
|
|chrysalis, pupa
|蛹 • (yong) · 蛹 • (yong) (hangeul 용)
|(번데기): pupa, chrysalis
|
|蛹
|-
|蛻
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : teoi³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuì ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄝˋ
|to shed; to molt; to exuviate • exuviae; skin or shell that has been cast off • to change; to metamorphose • (Taoism, Buddhism) to die; to ascend; to depart for one's next life ‖ Only used in 蚴蛻／蚴蜕.
|
|exuvia, moult
|蛻 • (se) · 蛻 • (se) (hangeul 세, revised se, McCune–Reischauer se, Yale sey)
|
|
|蛻
|-
|蜃
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : san⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : san⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : san⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sīn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sǐn
|a type of large shellfish; a type of large bivalve; clam • (mythology) the shen, a shapeshifting aquatic monster originally imagined as a clam and later as a type of dragon • (historical) ritual vessel painted with images of clam • (historical) Short for 蜃炭.
|
|
|蜃 • (sin) · 蜃 • (sin) (hangeul 신, revised sin, McCune–Reischauer sin, Yale sin)
|
|
|蜃
|-
|蜇
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄜ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zit³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiat ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zit³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiat
|(of bees, scorpions, etc.) to sting; to bite • to sting; to smart ‖ jellyfish
|
|
|
|
|
|蜇
|-
|蜕
|
|
|
|
|蜕 • (se) · 蜕 • (se) (hangeul 세, revised se, McCune–Reischauer se, Yale sey)
|
|
|蜕
|-
|蜢
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maang⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bíng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mé
|Only used in 蚱蜢 (zhàměng), 草蜢 (cǎoměng) etc.
|
|
|
|
|
|蜢
|-
|蜥
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹
|Only used in 蜥蜴 (xīyì); also used as its short form.
|
|
|蜥 • (seok) · 蜥 • (seok) (hangeul 석, revised seok, McCune–Reischauer sŏk, Yale sek)
|
|
|蜥
|-
|蜴
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jik⁶
|Used in compounds.
|
|
|蜴 • (cheok) · 蜴 • (cheok) (hangeul 척, revised cheok, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏk, Yale chek)
|
|
|蜴
|-
|蜿
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uán
|
|
|meandering
|蜿 • (won) · 蜿 • (won) (hangeul 원, revised won, McCune–Reischauer wŏn, Yale wen)
|
|
|蜿
|-
|蝕
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sit ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : sit⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si̍h
|to corrode; to erode • (astronomy) to eclipse • (Hokkien) to wane; to fade away; to regress; to dissipate ‖ (Cantonese, Hakka, Southern Min, Wu) to lose money • (Cantonese) to have struck a bad bargain; to be at a disadvantage; to lose out • (Cantonese) to wear due to constant friction
| ‖ 蝕(しょく) • (shoku)
| ‖ eclipse; erosion, corrosion
|蝕 • (sik) · 蝕 • (sik) (hangeul 식, revised sik, McCune–Reischauer sik, Yale sik)
|
|
|蝕
|-
|蝦
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hêe ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haa⁴ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : haa¹
|shrimp; prawn; lobster (Classifier: 隻／只 m c mn; 尾 m mn) • to bend; to curve; to flex • (slang) fan of Xiao Zhan ‖ Only used in 蝦蟆／虾蟆. ‖ (Cantonese, Hakka, Southwestern Mandarin, Zhongshan Min) to bully; to pick on
|
|shrimp, prawn, lobster
|蝦 • (ha) · 蝦 • (ha) (hangeul 하, McCune–Reischauer ha, Yale ha)
|
|
|蝦
|-
|蝨
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sat¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sit • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siat
|louse • (literary, figurative) parasite
| ‖ 蝨(しらみ) or 蝨(シラミ) • (shirami)
|sucking louse ‖ Alternative spelling of 虱 (“sucking louse”)
|蝨 • (seul) · 蝨 • (seul) (hangeul 슬, revised seul, McCune–Reischauer sŭl, Yale sul)
|
|
|蝨
|-
|蝸
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄛ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wo¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwaa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : o • Hokkien · Tai-lo : oo
|terrestrial snail
|
|snail
|蝸 • (wa) · 蝸 • (wa) (hangeul 와, revised wa, McCune–Reischauer wa, Yale wa)
|
|
|蝸
|-
|螂
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : long⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bông
|Used in compounds.
|
|mantis
|螂 • (rang>nang) · 螂 • (rang>nang) (hangeul 랑>낭, revised rang>nang, McCune–Reischauer rang>nang, Yale lang>nang)
|
|
|螂
|-
|螞
|Cantonese · Jyutping : maa⁵ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄚˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : má • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bé • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bée ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maa⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maa¹
|A prefix used in insect names. ‖ Only used in 螞蚱／蚂蚱 (màzha). ‖ Only used in 螞螂／蚂螂 (mālang).
|
|
|螞 • (ma) · 螞 • (ma) (hangeul 마, revised ma, McCune–Reischauer ma, Yale ma)
|(말거머리) horse-leech (Haemopis sanguisuga)
|
|螞
|-
|螟
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ming⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bîng
|
|
|
|螟 • (myeong) · 螟 • (myeong) (hangeul 명, revised myeong, McCune–Reischauer myŏng, Yale myeng)
|
|
|螟
|-
|螫
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄜ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshioh
|(literary or Hokkien) to sting; to bite (of venomous insects such as spiders, bees, etc.) • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to use one's beak to bite or tug (of ducks, geese, etc.)
|
|
|
|
|
|螫
|-
|螳
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tông
|praying mantis
|
|
|螳 • (dang) · 螳 • (dang) (hangeul 당, revised dang, McCune–Reischauer tang, Yale tang)
|
|
|螳
|-
|螻
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau⁴
|mole cricket
|
|
|螻 • (ru>nu) · 螻 • (ru>nu) (hangeul 루>누, revised ru>nu, McCune–Reischauer ru>nu, Yale lwu>nwu)
|
|
|螻
|-
|蟈
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwok³
|Alternative form of 蜮 (yù, “legendary creature that has three legs and harms humans”) ‖ frog or toad
|
|small green frog • cicada
|
|
|
|蟈
|-
|蟑
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng¹
|Only used in 蟑螂 (zhāngláng).
|
|
|
|
|chữ Hán form of chương (“cockroach (chương lang/蟑螂)”).
|蟑
|-
|蟒
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mong⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bóng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : báng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄥˇ
|python ‖
|
|
|蟒 • (mang) · 蟒 • (mang) (hangeul 망, revised mang, McCune–Reischauer mang, Yale mang)
|
|
|蟒
|-
|蟬
|Cantonese · Jyutping : sim⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsûn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siâm
|cicada (Classifier: 隻／只 m c) • (literary) a type of silk as thin as a cicada's wing • (literary) cicada-shaped decoration • (literary) continuously; unendingly
|
|cicada • continuous
|蟬 • (seon) · 蟬 • (seon) (hangeul 선, revised seon, McCune–Reischauer sŏn, Yale sen)
|cicada
|
|蟬
|-
|蟯
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄠˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : giô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liô ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngia̍uh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngiauh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngiáu
|Only used in 蟯蟲／蛲虫 (náochóng). • (Hokkien) clam • (Mainland China Hokkien) bivalve-like seafood • (Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) female genitalia; vulva ‖ (Hokkien) to wriggle; to squirm • (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to nitpick; to probe (someone's mistakes, etc.) • (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien, humorous) to pass away; to die
|
|
|蟯 • (yo) · 蟯 • (yo) (hangeul 요, revised yo, McCune–Reischauer yo, Yale yo)
|
|
|蟯
|-
|蟹
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haai⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huě • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hāi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hǎi
|crab (Classifier: 隻／只 c) • (Cantonese, slang, of stocks, goods, etc.) to decrease in value, such that selling it will result in loss
| ‖ 蟹(かに) or 蟹(カニ) • (kani)
| ‖ a crab (infraorder Brachyura)
|
|crab
|
|蟹
|-
|蟻
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngai⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiǎ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gí
|ant (Classifier: 隻／只 c) • (literary) foam or sediment in wine; lees • (literary) humble; inconsiderable • (literary) black • (literary) in an assembled manner • a surname
| ‖ 蟻(あり) or 蟻(アリ) • (ari) ‖ 蟻(ぎ) • (gi) ‖ 蟻(ありのこ) • (arinoko)
|ant ‖ ant ‖ ant ‖ (obsolete) an ant, particularly one without wings • (obsolete) an ant egg or larva
|蟻 (eumhun 개미 의 (gaemi ui))
|Hanja form of 의 (“ant”).
|
|蟻
|-
|蠅
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jing⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sîn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : îng
|fly; housefly
| ‖ 蠅(はえ) or 蠅(ハエ) • (hae) ^(←はへ (fafe)?)
| ‖ Kyūjitai form of 蝿 (“fly”) (insect of the family Muscidae)
|蠅 (eum 승 (seung))
|
|
|蠅
|-
|蠍
|Cantonese · Jyutping : kit³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hit³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : giat
|scorpion
| ‖ 蠍(さそり) or 蠍(サソリ) • (sasori)
|scorpion ‖ a scorpion (any of various arachnids of the order Scorpiones)
|蠍 • (gal) · 蠍 • (gal) (hangeul 갈)
|
|
|蠍
|-
|蠔
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ô
|oyster
|
|
|蠔 • (ho) · 蠔 • (ho) (hangeul 호, McCune–Reischauer ho, Yale ho)
|
|oyster
|蠔
|-
|蠟
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laap⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : la̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : la̍p
|wax • candle (Classifier: 根 m; 枝 m) • light yellow
| ‖
|wax • candle • waxy • glazed ‖
|蠟 (eumhun 밀 랍 (mil rap), South Korea 밀 납 (mil nap))
|Hanja form of 랍/납 (“wax”). • Hanja form of 랍/납 (“candle”).
|
|蠟
|-
|蠡
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lai⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lai⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lo⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lé • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lô
|
|
|
|蠡 • (ryeo>yeo) · 蠡 • (ryeo>yeo) (hangeul 려>여, revised ryeo>yeo, McCune–Reischauer ryŏ>yŏ, Yale lye>ye)
|
|
|蠡
|-
|蠣
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lē
|oyster
|
|oyster
|蠣 • (ryeo>yeo) · 蠣 • (ryeo>yeo) (hangeul 려>여, revised ryeo>yeo, McCune–Reischauer ryŏ>yŏ, Yale lye>ye)
|
|
|蠣
|-
|蠱
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kóo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨˇ
|(historical) a type of artificially cultivated poisonous insect; the one insect remaining in the vessel where toxic insects are allowed to eat each other • insect that grows on rotting grain; pest; vermin • hot, noxious air that harms people; miasma • to entice; to bewitch • malevolent sorcery, including charms, curses and prayers to evil spirits • affair; matter • 18th hexagram of the I Ching (䷑) ‖ Alternative form of 冶 (yě, “bewitchingly pretty; seductive”)
|
|
|蠱 • (go) · 蠱 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko)
|
|
|蠱
|-
|蠹
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dou³
|insect that eats through paper, clothes, wood, etc. • insect that eats through paper, clothes, wood, etc. · (specifically) silverfish • (figuratively) harmful person; vermin • to erode; to eat away at • moth-eaten; worm-eaten
|
|
|蠹 • (du) · 蠹 • (du) (hangeul 두, revised du, McCune–Reischauer tu, Yale twu)
|
|
|蠹
|-
|衆
|
|
| ‖ 衆(しゅう) • (shū) ‖ 衆(しゅう) • (-shū)
| ‖ mass; many people • majority ‖
|衆 (eumhun 무리 중 (muri jung))
|Hanja form of 중 (“crowd”).
|
|衆
|-
|衢
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : keoi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kû
|highway • thoroughfare • intersection
|
|crossroads
|衢 • (gu) · 衢 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu)
|highway • thoroughfare, intersection
|
|衢
|-
|袂
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : māi ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : buē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : buě • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bē ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : ńg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uínn
|(literary) sleeve ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 𣍐／𫧃 ‖ (Southern Min) Alternative form of 䘼 (“sleeve”)
| ‖ 袂(たもと) • (tamoto)
|sleeve • foot (of a hill or mountain) • edge ‖ the sleeve pouch of a kimono or other Japanese clothing • a sleeve • (archaic) the upper arm • the side or edge of something (for example, a bridge) • the foot or base of something (for example, a mountain)
|袂 • (mye) · 袂 • (mye) (hangeul 몌, revised mye, McCune–Reischauer mye, Yale myey)
|
|
|袂
|-
|袈
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaa¹
|Only used in 袈裟 (jiāshā).
|
|
|袈 • (ga) · 袈 • (ga) (hangeul 가, revised ga, McCune–Reischauer ka, Yale ka)
|
|
|袈
|-
|袒
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taan² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thán ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢˋ
|to bare; to strip oneself naked to the waist • to give unprincipled support; to shield ‖ Original form of 綻／绽 (zhàn, “to split at the seam”).
|
|
|袒 • (dan, tan) · 袒 • (dan, tan) (hangeul 단, 탄, revised dan, tan, McCune–Reischauer tan, t'an, Yale tan, than)
|
|
|袒
|-
|袞
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwan² • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwan² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kún
|
|
|imperial robes
|袞 • (gon) · 袞 • (gon) (hangeul 곤, revised gon, McCune–Reischauer kon, Yale kon)
|
|
|袞
|-
|装
|
|
|
|
|装 • (jang) · 装 • (jang) (hangeul 장, revised jang, McCune–Reischauer chang, Yale cang)
|
|
|装
|-
|裊
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : niu⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : niu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : niáu
|slender and delicate • Used in 裊裊／袅袅 (niǎoniǎo) and 裊娜／袅娜. • Alternative form of 褭／袅 (niǎo)
|
|
|裊 • (nyo>yo) · 裊 • (nyo>yo) (hangeul 뇨>요, revised nyo>yo, McCune–Reischauer nyo>yo, Yale nyo>yo)
|
|
|裊
|-
|裔
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jeoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : è • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ì
|descendant; posterity • (literary) edge; brim; margin • (literary) borderland; frontier; remote region • (literary) people of the borderlands • (literary) clothing's edge • a surname
| ‖ 裔(えい) • (ei) ‖ 裔(えい) • (ei)
|descendant • border ‖ descendants; offspring ‖ (literary) descendants
|裔 • (ye) · 裔 • (ye) (hangeul 예)
|
|
|裔
|-
|裘
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiû
|fur coat; fur garment • (literary) to wear a fur coat • (Southern Min) padded jacket; lined jacket • a surname
| ‖ 裘(かわごろも) • (kawagoromo)
| ‖ fur coat
|裘 • (gu) · 裘 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu)
|
|
|裘
|-
|裟
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saa¹
|Only used in 袈裟 (jiāshā).
|
|
|裟 • (sa) · 裟 • (sa) (hangeul 사, revised sa, McCune–Reischauer sa, Yale sa)
|
|
|裟
|-
|裡
|Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁵ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --lí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --lin • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --ni̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lí
|(postpositional) in; inside • (postpositional) during; within • Indicates a place. • interior; inside • lining
|
|
|裡 (eumhun 속 리 (sok ri), South Korea 속 이 (sok i))
|Alternative form of 裏
|
|裡
|-
|裨
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pi ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pî
|to aid; to benefit; to help • (literary) to make up; to remedy; to supplement • (literary) to add to; to complement ‖ (literary) secondary; assistant; minor; small • (literary) second-class formal attire worn in sacrificial rites in ancient China • a surname
|
|aid, help
|裨 • (bi) · 裨 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi, Yale pi)
|
|
|裨
|-
|裴
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pui⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puê ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄟˊ
|^† (of clothing) long • Used in 裴回 • a surname ‖ Only used in 即裴.
|
|
|裴 (eum 배 (bae))
|
|chữ Hán form of Bùi (“a surname from Chinese.”).
|裴
|-
|褓
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bou²
|(literary) swaddling clothes
|
|
|褓 • (bo) · 褓 • (bo) (hangeul 보, revised bo, McCune–Reischauer po, Yale po)
|
|
|褓
|-
|褚
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thú ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyu⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyu²
|a surname ‖ silk wadding; stuffing in clothing • Alternative form of 貯／贮 (zhù, “to collect; to store up; stored goods”) • bag; container for goods
|
|bag
|褚 • (jeo) · 褚 • (jeo) (hangeul 저, revised jeo, McCune–Reischauer chŏ, Yale ce)
|vest • bag
|
|褚
|-
|褫
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci²
|to take off • to strip; to deprive
|
|
|褫 • (chi) · 褫 • (chi) (hangeul 치, revised chi, McCune–Reischauer ch'i, Yale chi)
|
|
|褫
|-
|褲
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khòo
|pants; trousers (Classifier: 條／条 c; 領／领 mn)
|
|pants, trousers
|褲 (eumhun 바지 고 (baji go)) ‖ 褲 (eumhun 사타구니 과 (sataguni gwa))
|trousers, pants (US) ‖ (anatomy) groin, crotch
|
|褲
|-
|褸
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau⁵ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : lau¹
|Used in 襤褸／褴褛 (lánlǚ). ‖ (Cantonese, Hakka, Teochew) coat
|
|rag • collar, neck
|褸 • (ru>nu) · 褸 • (ru>nu) (hangeul 루>누, revised ru>nu, McCune–Reischauer ru>nu, Yale lwu>nwu)
|
|
|褸
|-
|褻
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sit³
|licentious; intimate; light-hearted • disrespectful • (obsolete) close-fitting underwear • (obsolete) casual clothes worn at home
| ‖ 褻(け) • (ke)
|(け) informal • (けがす) defile, profane ‖ informal; everyday affairs
|褻 • (seol) · 褻 • (seol) (hangeul 설, revised seol, McCune–Reischauer sŏl, Yale sel)
|
|
|褻
|-
|襃
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|襃
|-
|襄
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : soeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siang
|(literary) to aid; to help; to assist • (literary) to accomplish; to achieve; to complete • (literary) to remove • (literary) to raise up; to ascend over • (literary) tall; high • Alternative form of 驤／骧 (xiāng) • Alternative form of 攘 • a surname
|
|To rise; raise
|襄 (eumhun 도울 양 (doul yang))
|
|
|襄
|-
|襖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ou³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ou² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : áu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ó
|(Chinese-style) coat; jacket
| ‖ 襖(ふすま) • (fusuma)
|opaque sliding door ‖ (architecture) fusuma, a sliding panel
|襖 • (o) · 襖 • (o) (hangeul 오, revised o, McCune–Reischauer o, Yale o)
|
|
|襖
|-
|襠
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dong¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nong⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tong
|crotch (of pants) • crotch (area between legs) • sleeveless garment; vest; waistcoat
| ‖ 襠(まち) • (machi)
| ‖ gusset, gore, godet
|襠 • (dang) · 襠 • (dang) (hangeul 당, revised dang, McCune–Reischauer tang, Yale tang)
|
|
|襠
|-
|襤
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laam⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lam
|garments without hems • Used in 襤褸／褴褛 (lánlǚ).
|
|rag
|襤 • (ram>nam) · 襤 • (ram>nam) (hangeul 람>남, revised ram>nam, McCune–Reischauer ram>nam, Yale lam>nam)
|
|
|襤
|-
|襪
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mat⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maat⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : be̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : be̍rh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bue̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bēr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bua̍t
|sock; stocking (Classifier: 隻／只 c; 對／对 c)
| ‖ 襪(しとうず) • (shitōzu)
|socks ‖ (clothing) ankle-tied silk socks, worn by high nobles in formal court dress and priests.
|襪 • (mal) · 襪 • (mal) (hangeul 말, revised mal, McCune–Reischauer mal, Yale mal)
|(버선 말, beoseon-): socks, footmuffs of Korean tradition
|
|襪
|-
|襯
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : can³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshìn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshàn
|inner garment • lining; liner • to line; to place underneath • to set off; to serve as a foil; to contrast; to make stand out against the background • (alt. form 儭／𠋆, 嚫／𰈍) to give alms; to donate for charity • (Cantonese) to match (of clothes)
|
|
|襯 (eum 친 (chin))
|
|
|襯
|-
|覃
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taam⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thâm ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cam⁴
|(obsolete) long • (obsolete) to spread; to extend • (obsolete) to widely bestow • (literary) deep; profound • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 剡 (yǎn, “sharp; pointed”) ‖ a surname
|
|deep, extend, large
|覃 (eum 담 (dam))
|
|
|覃
|-
|覓
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mik⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bi̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ba̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bāi ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : bāi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : māi ‖  ‖
|to search for; to seek; to hunt for ‖ (Hokkien) to see; to examine • (Hokkien) give something a go; give something a try (used after a verb) ‖ (Hainanese, Leizhou Min) to look for; to seek ‖ (Teochew) Alternative form of 揣 (“to look for; to seek”)
|
|
|覓 • (myeok) · 覓 • (myeok) (hangeul 멱, revised myeok, McCune–Reischauer myŏk, Yale myek)
|
|
|覓
|-
|覦
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁶
|
|
|
|
|
|
|覦
|-
|覬
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei³
|
|
|coveting high rank
|覬 • (gi) · 覬 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki)
|
|
|覬
|-
|覲
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄣˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gan³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gan⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gan² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kìnn
|to have an audience (with the Emperor, leader, president, etc.)
|
|
|覲 • (geun) · 覲 • (geun) (hangeul 근, revised geun, McCune–Reischauer kŭn, Yale kun)
|
|
|覲
|-
|触
| ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄥˊ
| ‖ ^‡ white fish with red tail See also: 魧 • ^‡ type of fish that is male
|
|to touch; to contact
|触 • (chok) · 触 • (chok) (hangeul 촉, revised chok, McCune–Reischauer ch'ok, Yale chok)
|
|
|触
|-
|觴
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : soeng¹
|(literary) wine cup; drinking vessel • (literary) to toast; to drink
|
|
|觴 (eum 상 (sang))
|
|
|觴
|-
|訊
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sìn
|to inquire; to ask • to question; to interrogate • Alternative form of 信 • Alternative form of 信 · message • Alternative form of 信 · message · information; news
|
|ask; question
|訊 • (sin) · 訊 • (sin) (hangeul 신, revised sin, McCune–Reischauer sin, Yale sin)
|
|
|訊
|-
|訌
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄥˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hōng
|confusion; discord; strife; quarrel
|
|get confused
|訌 • (hong) · 訌 • (hong) (hangeul 홍, revised hong, McCune–Reischauer hong, Yale hong)
|
|
|訌
|-
|訕
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suan
|to mock; to slander • embarrassed; ashamed
|
|abuse • slander • vilify • ridicule
|訕 • (san) · 訕 • (san) (hangeul 산, revised san, McCune–Reischauer san, Yale san)
|abuse • slander • vilify • ridicule
|
|訕
|-
|訖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngat⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gat¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gut • Hokkien · Tai-lo : git • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gert • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kit
|to bring to an end; to complete; to finish; to conclude • finally; at last • all
|
|come to an end • reach • arrive at • finally
|訖 • (heul) · 訖 • (heul) (hangeul 흘, revised heul, McCune–Reischauer hŭl, Yale hul)
|
|
|訖
|-
|訛
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngo⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngôo
|(literary, or in compounds) erroneous; mistaken • (literary, or in compounds) error; mistake • to extort; to blackmail • Alternative form of 吪
|
|
|訛 (eumhun 그릇될 와 (geureutdoel wa))
|Hanja form of 와 (“erroneous; mistaken”).
|
|訛
|-
|訝
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngaa⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gēe
|to be surprised; to be astonished • Alternative form of 迓 (yà, “to meet; to welcome”)
|
|doubt
|訝 • (a) · 訝 • (a) (hangeul 아, revised a, McCune–Reischauer a, Yale a)
|
|
|訝
|-
|訣
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kyut³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuat
|knack; secret; trick of the trade • mnemonic chant; rhyme for remembering something; rhymed formula • to take leave of; to bid farewell • (obsolete) to bid farewell to a dead person
|
|separation • part • secret
|訣 • (gyeol) · 訣 • (gyeol) (hangeul 결, revised gyeol, McCune–Reischauer kyŏl, Yale kyel)
|take leave of • bid farewell
|
|訣
|-
|訥
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄜˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : neot⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nat⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naap⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lu̍t
|slow of speech; speaking in a clumsy manner • taciturn; speaking little
|
|
|訥 (eumhun 말 더듬을 눌 (mal deodeumeul nul))
|Hanja form of 눌 (“mumble; stammer”).
|
|訥
|-
|註
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyu³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsù
|to annotate; to comment • to record; to register • comment; note; annotation
| ‖
|to explain in detail ‖
|註 • (ju) · 註 • (ju) (hangeul 주, revised ju, McCune–Reischauer chu, Yale cwu)
|
|
|註
|-
|証
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zing³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsìng
|(literary) to admonish
| ‖  ‖ 証(あかし) • (akashi) ‖ 証(しょう) • (shō)
|to admonish ‖ prove, verify ‖ proof, evidence, testimony ‖ proof, verification • (Buddhism) enlightenment • (traditional Chinese medicine) symptoms
|証 • (jeong) · 証 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng, Yale ceng)
|
|
|証
|-
|詁
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : gu³
|
|
|
|詁 • (go) · 詁 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko)
|
|
|詁
|-
|詆
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dai² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tí
|to condemn; to attack • to slander; to defame • to deceive; to cheat
|
|
|詆 • (jeo) · 詆 • (jeo) (hangeul 저, revised jeo, McCune–Reischauer chŏ, Yale ce)
|
|
|詆
|-
|詛
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zo³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsóo
|curse • to curse • to swear, pledge
|
|curse
|詛 • (jeo) · 詛 • (jeo) (hangeul 저, revised jeo, McCune–Reischauer chŏ, Yale ce)
|
|詛 (trớ, chú, thư, trù)
|詛
|-
|詢
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sun • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sûn
|to inquire into; to ask about; to consult with
|
|
|詢 • (sun) · 詢 • (sun) (hangeul 순, revised sun, McCune–Reischauer sun, Yale swun)
|
|
|詢
|-
|詫
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caa³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thà
|to be surprised; to be astonished • (literary) to brag; to show off • (literary) to tell; to inform • (literary) to cheat; to deceive
|
|
|詫 • (ta) · 詫 • (ta) (hangeul 타, revised ta, McCune–Reischauer t'a, Yale tha)
|
|
|詫
|-
|詬
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gau³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kau³
|
|
|
|詬 • (gu) · 詬 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu)
|
|
|詬
|-
|詭
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwai² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuí
|sly; cunning; tricky; deceitful • (literary) weird; bizarre
|
|lie • deceive
|詭 • (gwe) · 詭 • (gwe) (hangeul 궤, revised gwe, McCune–Reischauer kwe, Yale kwey)
|deceive, cheat, defraud • sly
|
|詭
|-
|詹
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zim¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiam
|verbose; garrulous • to talk too much; to be verbose • to arrive; to reach • to manage; to administer • Alternative form of 瞻 (zhān, “to look upward or forward”) • a surname
|
|talk too much • verbose
|詹 • (cheom) · 詹 • (cheom) (hangeul 첨, revised cheom, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏm, Yale chem)
|arrive • verbose
|
|詹
|-
|詼
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fui¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khue
|
|
|
|詼 • (hoe) · 詼 • (hoe) (hangeul 회, revised hoe, McCune–Reischauer hoe, Yale hoy)
|
|
|詼
|-
|誅
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ti • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsu
|to execute; to kill; to put to death • to punish • to censure; to blame • (Cantonese, mahjong) to discard tiles such that the next player cannot improve their hand
|
|blame • kill, execute
|誅 • (ju) · 誅 • (ju) (hangeul 주, revised ju, McCune–Reischauer chu, Yale cwu)
|
|
|誅
|-
|誉
|
|
| ‖ 誉(たかし) • (Takashi) · 誉(ほまれ) • (Homare)
|reputation • honor • glory ‖ a male given name • a female given name
|誉 • (ye) · 誉 • (ye) (hangeul 예, revised ye, McCune–Reischauer ye, Yale yey)
|
|
|誉
|-
|誑
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwong⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwong² • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwong³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kong⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wong²
|to deceive; to lie; to delude; to cheat
|
|
|誑 • (gwang) · 誑 • (gwang) (hangeul 광, revised gwang, McCune–Reischauer kwang, Yale kwang)
|
|
|誑
|-
|誡
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaai³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kài
|to warn; to admonish; to caution • to take precautions; to guard against • (religion) commandments; precepts; tenets
|
|admonish • warn • prohibit
|誡 • (gye) · 誡 • (gye) (hangeul 계, revised gye, McCune–Reischauer kye, Yale kyey)
|
|
|誡
|-
|誣
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bû
|to make false accusation; to defame • to deceive; to hoodwink
|
|
|誣 • (mu) · 誣 • (mu) (hangeul 무, revised mu, McCune–Reischauer mu, Yale mu)
|
|
|誣
|-
|誥
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gou³
|to inform; to notify; to admonish; to order
|
|state • give instructions
|誥 • (go) · 誥 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko)
|inform, notify, admonish, order
|
|誥
|-
|誨
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fui³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hué
|to teach; to instruct • to encourage; to induce
|
|instruct
|誨 • (hoe) · 誨 • (hoe) (hangeul 회, revised hoe, McCune–Reischauer hoe, Yale hoy)
|
|
|誨
|-
|説
|
|
| ‖ 説(せつ) • (setsu)
|theory • explanation ‖ theory
|説 • (seol, se, yeol) · 説 • (seol, se, yeol) (hangeul 설, 세, 열, revised seol, se, yeol, McCune–Reischauer sŏl, se, yŏl, Yale sel, sey, yel)
|
|
|説
|-
|誼
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gî
|friendship • Alternative form of 義／义 (yì) • Alternative form of 議／议 (yì)
|
|friendship • closeness; intimacy
|誼 (eum 의 (ui))
|
|
|誼
|-
|諂
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cim²
|^† to flatter; to truckle; to toady
|
|flatter
|諂 • (cheom) · 諂 • (cheom) (hangeul 첨, revised cheom, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏm, Yale chem)
|
|chữ Hán form of siểm (“to flatter”).
|諂
|-
|諄
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeon¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : deon¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsun
|earnest
|
|earnest
|諄 (eum 순 (sun))
|
|
|諄
|-
|諉
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai²
|to shirk; to give excuses
|
|
|諉 • (wi) · 諉 • (wi) (hangeul 위, revised wi, McCune–Reischauer wi, Yale wi)
|
|
|諉
|-
|諍
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaang³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zang³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsìnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsènn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsìng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsǹg
|^† to remonstrate; to admonish • (Southern Min) to quarrel; to fight
|
|
|諍 • (jaeng) · 諍 • (jaeng) (hangeul 쟁, revised jaeng, McCune–Reischauer chaeng, Yale cayng)
|
|
|諍
|-
|諜
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dip⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tia̍p
|espionage; spying • spy; agent
|
|
|諜 • (cheop) · 諜 • (cheop) (hangeul 첩, revised cheop, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏp, Yale chep)
|
|
|諜
|-
|諫
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaan³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kàn
|to remonstrate; to admonish
| ‖ 諫(かん) • (kan) ‖ 諫(かん) • (kan)
| ‖ admonition ‖ admonish • dissuade
|諫 (eum 간 (gan))
|remonstrate • admonish
|
|諫
|-
|諱
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huì
|to avoid mentioning • to avoid; to regard as taboo • taboo • (historical) name of a deceased emperor or elder • (obsolete) to fear; to dread • (obsolete, euphemistic) to die
|
|"real" name used during life, as opposed to a posthumous name
|諱 (eum 휘 (hwi))
|conceal • shun • regard as taboo
|
|諱
|-
|諷
|Cantonese · Jyutping : fung³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄥˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄥˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hóng
|to satirize; to mock; to criticize; to remonstrate (using implicit language) • to advise using mild and indirect language; to suggest in a tactful and veiled manner • (literary) to recite; to incant
|
|
|諷 • (pung) · 諷 • (pung) (hangeul 풍)
|
|
|諷
|-
|諺
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : giān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gān
|proverb; maxim • Korean hangul
| ‖ 諺(ことわざ) • (kotowaza)
| ‖ a proverb (phrase expressing a basic truth)
|諺 • (eon, an) · 諺 • (eon, an) (hangeul 언, 안, revised eon, an, McCune–Reischauer ŏn, an, Yale en, an)
|old name for Hangeul, the Korean script; Eonmun • vernacular Korean language (in contrast to written Chinese texts) • a proverb
|
|諺
|-
|謊
|Cantonese · Jyutping : fong¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fong² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hóng
|lie; untruth • to lie; to tell a lie
|
|lie
|謊 (eumhun 잠꼬대할 황 (jamkkodaehal hwang))
|Hanja form of 황 (“lie”).
|
|謊
|-
|謗
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pong³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bong³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pòng
|(archaic, now mostly obsolete) to criticize (especially in an open manner) • (literary) to slander; to defame; to vilify
|
|slander
|謗 (eumhun 헐뜯을 방 (heoltteudeul bang))
|Hanja form of 방 (“slandering”).
|
|謗
|-
|謨
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bôo
|
|
|plan • deliberate
|謨 (eum 모 (mo))
|
|
|謨
|-
|謬
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄡˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mau⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : biū
|false; wrong; erroneous • error; mistake • to deceive; to twist the truth • a surname
|
|mistake
|謬 (eumhun 그릇될 류 (geureutdoel ryu), South Korea 그릇될 유 (geureutdoel yu))
|Hanja form of 류/유 (“false; wrong; erroneous”).
|chữ Hán form of mậu (“mistake”).
|謬
|-
|譁
|
|
|
|noisy
|譁 (eumhun 시끄러울 화 (sikkeureoul hwa))
|
|
|譁
|-
|譎
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kyut³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwat¹
|to deceive; to cheat
|
|
|譎 • (hyul) · 譎 • (hyul) (hangeul 휼, revised hyul, McCune–Reischauer hyul, Yale hyul)
|
|
|譎
|-
|譏
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ki
|to ridicule; to jeer; to mock • (literary) to interrogate • (literary) to exhort; to admonish
|
|
|譏 • (gi) · 譏 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki)
|
|chữ Hán form of cơ (“ridicule, admonish”).
|譏
|-
|譚
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taam⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tânn
|Alternative form of 談／谈 (tán, “to discuss”) • a surname
| ‖ 譚(たん) • (-tan)
|story ‖ story; tale
|譚 • (dam) · 譚 • (dam) (hangeul 담, revised dam, McCune–Reischauer tam, Yale tam)
|
|
|譚
|-
|譴
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hin² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khián • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiàn
|to censure; to reprimand; to blame; to condemn • (archaic) to demote; to banish from court • offense; crime
|
|reproach
|譴 (eumhun 꾸짖을 견 (kkujijeul gyeon))
|Hanja form of 견 (“scold; reprimand”).
|
|譴
|-
|讒
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caam⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsâm
|to slander; to defame; to vilify; to speak maliciously of others • slander; defamation; libel • slanderer
| ‖ 讒(ざん) • (zan)
| ‖ false charge; slander; defamation
|讒 (eumhun 참소할 참 (chamsohal cham))
|Hanja form of 참 (“to slander”).
|chữ Hán form of sàm (“to slander”). • Nôm form of gièm (“to slander”). • Nôm form of xàm (“to chatter; to prattle”).
|讒
|-
|讖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cam³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshàm
|prophecy; hint; omen
|
|a revealing omen
|讖 • (cham) · 讖 • (cham) (hangeul 참, revised cham, McCune–Reischauer ch'am, Yale cham)
|
| ‖ chữ Hán form of sấm (“prophecy”).
|讖
|-
|谿
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kai¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hai⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kai¹
|Alternative form of 溪 • valley; gorge • Used in place names. • a surname: Xi ‖ Only used in 勃谿 (bójī). • Only used in 蠰谿.
|
|valley
|谿 • (gye) · 谿 • (gye) (hangeul 계, revised gye, McCune–Reischauer kye, Yale kyey)
|
|
|谿
|-
|豉
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : si⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sīnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si
|fermented bean
|
|
|豉 • (si) · 豉 • (si) (hangeul 시, revised si, McCune–Reischauer si, Yale si)
|
|
|豉
|-
|豎
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : syu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sū
|to erect; to make vertical • vertical • upright; perpendicular to the ground • (Chinese calligraphy) a vertical stroke (㇑) • (historical) attendant; boy servant • a surname: Shu
|
|
|豎 • (su) · 豎 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu)
|
|
|豎
|-
|豔
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iām
|(of color) bright and gorgeous; gaudy • relating to love relationships; romantic • (literary) to envy; to admire • a surname
|
|Alternative form of 艷, which is the kyūjitai form of 艶
|
|
|
|豔
|-
|豕
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sí
|(obsolete) pig; boar
|
|pig, hog
|豕 • (si) · 豕 • (si) (hangeul 시, revised si, McCune–Reischauer si, Yale si)
|
|
|豕
|-
|豢
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huǎn
|to feed livestock • to rear; to raise livestock • livestock • (figurative) to bribe
|
|
|豢 (eum 환 (hwan))
|
|
|豢
|-
|豬
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ti • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tir • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tu ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : zyu¹
|pig; hog; swine (Classifier: 頭／头 m; 口 m; 隻／只 c mn; 條／条 c h) • (figurative, colloquial, often as a term of abuse) pig (a lazy, lowly or contemptible person) • (Cantonese, figuratively) stupid; foolish • (Cantonese, figuratively) to act in a stupid or foolish manner ‖ (Cantonese) virginity (Classifier: 隻／只 c)
|
|Kyūjitai form of 猪
|豬 (eumhun 돼지 저 (dwaeji jeo))
|
|
|豬
|-
|貂
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : diu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiau
|marten • a surname
| ‖ 貂(てん) or 貂(テン) • (ten)
| ‖ Japanese marten, Martes melampus
|貂 • (cho) · 貂 • (cho) (hangeul 초, revised cho, McCune–Reischauer ch'o, Yale cho)
|(담비 초, dambi-): marten, sable
|
|貂
|-
|貉
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hok⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lok³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mak⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maak⁶
|tanuki (raccoon dog) ‖ Alternative form of 貊 (mò)
|
|badger • raccoon dog (tanuki)
|
|
|
|貉
|-
|貍
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁴
|
|
|
|貍 • (ri>i) · 貍 • (ri>i) (hangeul 리>이, revised ri>i, McCune–Reischauer ri>i, Yale li>i)
|
|
|貍
|-
|貓
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄠ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄠㄦ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maau¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : miu⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : niau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngiau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bâu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄠˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maau¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄠ
|cat (Classifier: 隻／只 m c) • (Mandarin, colloquial) to hide oneself • (Mandarin, colloquial) to hang around; to stay somewhere doing nothing • (Cantonese) to get drunk • (Hokkien, Singapore Teochew) stingy; miserly • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) lecherous; lascivious • (Cantonese, non-productive) person with a non-positive attribute ‖ (Mandarin, colloquial) to bend ‖ (Mainland China, colloquial) modem
| ‖ 貓(ねこ) or 貓(ネコ) • (neko) (counter 匹)
| ‖ Alternative form of 猫 (“cat”)
|
|cat
|chữ Hán form of miêu (“cat”). • Nôm form of mèo (“cat”).
|貓
|-
|貲
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi¹
|to estimate
|
|
|貲 • (ja) · 貲 • (ja) (hangeul 자, revised ja, McCune–Reischauer cha, Yale ca)
|
|
|貲
|-
|貶
|Cantonese · Jyutping : bin² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pián
|to reduce; to lower • (literary) to demote • to vilify; to censure; to criticize • (grammar) negative polarity
|
|
|貶 • (pyeom) · 貶 • (pyeom) (hangeul 폄, revised pyeom, McCune–Reischauer p'yŏm, Yale phyem)
|
|
|貶
|-
|貽
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : î
|to give as a present • to hand down; to leave behind
|
|
|貽 (eum 이 (i))
|
|
|貽
|-
|賁
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pì ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ban¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan⁵ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄟˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄣ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄢ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣˋ ‖
|to adorn oneself (with jewellery) • to honor with one's presence • 22nd hexagram of the I Ching ‖ brave, energetic, forge ahead (same as 奔) • cardia ‖ three-legged tortoise • Used in 賁鼓／贲鼓 (“large drum”). ‖ a surname. ‖ Only used in 賁渾／贲浑. ‖ Only used in 賁禺／贲禺. ‖ Alternative form of 墳／坟 • Alternative form of 忿 (fèn) ‖ Alternative form of 僨／偾 (fèn) • Alternative form of 奮／奋 (fèn) ‖ (Hakka) Alternative form of 笨 (“thick”)
|
|to decorate
|賁 (eumhun 클 분 (keul bun)) ‖ 賁 (eumhun 꾸밀 비 (kkumil bi))
| ‖
|
|賁
|-
|賅
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄞ • Cantonese · Jyutping : goi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kai
|complete; comprehensive • to include
|
|prepared for • inclusive
|
|
|
|賅
|-
|賈
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaa² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ké • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ká • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kée ‖  ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaa³
|a surname ‖ merchant • to trade; to do business • (literary) to buy • (literary) to lead to; to incur; to bring about • (literary) to sell ‖ Alternative form of 價／价 (“price; value”)
|
|
|賈 • (ga, go) · 賈 • (ga, go) (hangeul 가, 고, revised ga, go, McCune–Reischauer ka, ko, Yale ka, ko)
|
|
|賈
|-
|賑
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zan³
|
|
|flourish • be bustling • prosperity
|賑 • (jin) · 賑 • (jin) (hangeul 진, revised jin, McCune–Reischauer chin, Yale cin)
|
|
|賑
|-
|賒
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄜ • Cantonese · Jyutping : se¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sia
|to buy and sell on credit • ^† to forgive • ^† distant; far • ^† (of time) long; long-standing • ^† sparse; rare • ^† slow
|
|
|
|
|far
|賒
|-
|賬
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsàng
|account; bill • debt • (Hong Kong Cantonese, Internet) account
|
|
|賬 • (jang) · 賬 • (jang) (hangeul 장, revised jang, McCune–Reischauer chang, Yale cang)
|
|
|賬
|-
|賺
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaan⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaam⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄢˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuán ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaan⁶ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tānn
|to make a profit • (regional) to earn (money) • to win; to get • (informal) profit ‖ (colloquial) to deceive; to fool; to cheat ‖ (Eastern Min, Southern Min, dialectal Wu) wrong; erroneous
|
|coax
|
|
|
|賺
|-
|賽
|Cantonese · Jyutping : coi³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄞˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sài • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sèr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sè
|to compete; to contend • competition; contest; race
|
|dice • temple visit
|賽 (eumhun 굿할 새 (guthal sae))
|
|
|賽
|-
|贅
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsè
|unnecessary, superfluous • to marry into and live with one's wife's family
| ‖ 贅(ぜい) • (zei) ‖ 贅(ふすべ) • (fusube)
| ‖ luxury, extravagance ‖ (obsolete) lump, wart • (obsolete) mole, birthmark
|贅 (eum 췌 (chwe))
|
|
|贅
|-
|贍
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sim⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siām
|to provide for; to support; to supply • (literary) sufficient; plentiful; rich • (of writing) rich; magnificent; knowledgeable
|
|
|贍 • (seom) · 贍 • (seom) (hangeul 섬, revised seom, McCune–Reischauer sŏm, Yale sem)
|
|
|贍
|-
|贏
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jeng⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jing⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iânn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : îng
|to win; to triumph; to be victorious • to beat; to defeat (someone); to triumph over • to make a profit • (Gan, Xiang) Used with 不 or 得 to express capability.
|
|to contented • to win; to triumph • to gain (profit) • remainder
|贏 • (yeong) · 贏 • (yeong) (hangeul 영, McCune–Reischauer yŏng, Yale yeng)
|
|
|贏
|-
|贓
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsong
|booty, loot, stolen goods • to accept or take a bribe
|
|
|贓 (eumhun 장물(贓物) 장 (jangmul( 贓物 ) jang))
|Hanja form of 장 (“booty; loot; stolen goods”).
|
|贓
|-
|贖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : suk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sio̍k
|to redeem • to ransom
|
|
|贖 • (sok) · 贖 • (sok) (hangeul 속, revised sok, McCune–Reischauer sok, Yale sok)
|washing away your sin, 속죄하다 • clearing your debt by offering money, wealth or effort, 속바치다
|
|贖
|-
|贛
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gam³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kàm ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gung³
|(～江, ～水) Gan River (a river in Jiangxi, China) • Alternative name for 江西 (Jiāngxī, “Jiangxi, a province of China.”). • Gan; Gan Chinese ‖ to grant; to bestow • a surname
|
|Jiangxi province • various places in Jiangxi province
|贛 (eumhun 줄 공 (jul gong)) · 贛 (eumhun 강 이름 감 (gang ireum gam)) · 贛 (eumhun 미련할 장 (miryeonhal jang))
|
|
|贛
|-
|赧
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naan⁵ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : naan³
|(literary) blushing because of shame ‖ (Cantonese) inflammation on the skin resulting from an insect bite or an illness
|
|
|赧 • (nan) · 赧 • (nan) (hangeul 난)
|
|
|赧
|-
|赭
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄜˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ze²
|red soil • ochre dye • reddish brown; burnt ochre • to dye red • bare • Short for 赭衣 (zhěyī, “red clothing worn by convicts”). • to punish
|
|
|赭 • (ja) · 赭 • (ja) (hangeul 자, revised ja, McCune–Reischauer cha, Yale ca)
|
|chữ Hán form of giả (“red soil, ochre, reddish brown”). • Nôm form of đỏ (“red”).
|赭
|-
|赳
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gau² • Cantonese · Jyutping : dau² ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gau² • Cantonese · Jyutping : dau²
|Used in 赳赳 (jiūjiū, “strong and valiant”); also used as its short form. • strong (of wind) ‖ Only used in 赳螑 (jiùxiù, “appearance of a dragon stretching its neck and moving in a wavelike manner”).
|
|strong and brave
|赳 • (gyu) · 赳 • (gyu) (hangeul 규, revised gyu, McCune–Reischauer kyu, Yale kyu)
|
|
|赳
|-
|趕
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gon² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuánn
|to overtake; to catch up with • to hurry; to rush • to try to catch (a bus, train, etc) • to drive (animal, vehicle) • to drive someone away; to chase away • to avail oneself of (an opportunity); happen to • (colloquial) until; till • (colloquial) rushed; hurried
|
|
|
|
|
|趕
|-
|趙
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ziu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiō • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiǒ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiǎu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tiu⁵
|(～國) an ancient city-state, now Hongdong County in Shanxi • (～國) Zhao, a later and larger state during the Warring States period of Chinese history • (obsolete) to run; to gallop; to move quickly • a surname, listed first in the Baijiaxing. It is the family name of the Song emperors • (neologism) of the Communist Party of China ‖ to weed the ground; to hoe
|
|
|趙 • (jo) · 趙 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho, Yale co)
|a surname
|chữ Hán form of Triệu (“a surname from Chinese.”).
|趙
|-
|趨
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshi
|to walk quickly; to run • to hasten; to hurry • to pursue; to seek • to attach (oneself) to; to ingratiate oneself with • to tend towards; to approach • (historical) to quickly take small steps as a sign of respect
|
|to go towards, to run • to trend, to tend towards
|趨 • (chu, chok) · 趨 • (chu, chok) (hangeul 추, 촉)
|
|
|趨
|-
|跆
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : toi⁴
|trample
|
|trample
|跆 (eum 태 (tae))
|to trample • to kick
|
|跆
|-
|跎
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : to⁴
|Used in 蹉跎 (cuōtuó).
|
|
|跎 • (ta) · 跎 • (ta) (hangeul 타, revised ta, McCune–Reischauer t'a, Yale tha)
|
|跎 (đà)
|跎
|-
|跚
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : san
|Used in 蹣跚／蹒跚 (pánshān). • to step on; to trample
|
|to stagger; to reel; to stumble
|跚 • (san) · 跚 • (san) (hangeul 산, revised san, McCune–Reischauer san, Yale san)
|
|
|跚
|-
|践
|
|
|
|tread • step on
|
|
|
|践
|-
|跼
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : guk⁶
|
|
|
|跼 (eum 국 (guk))
|
|
|跼
|-
|踊
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ióng
|to mount; to ascend • (historical) shoes for people who have had part of their foot chopped off
| ‖ 踊(よう) • (yō)
|to dance • dance ‖ to dance • to jump about; to jump up
|
|
|
|踊
|-
|踝
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waa⁵
|ankle
|
|ankle • heel • exposed legs
|踝 (eum 과 (gwa))
|
|
|踝
|-
|踟
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci⁴
|to walk back and forth • to hesitate
|
|
|踟 • (ji) · 踟 • (ji) (hangeul 지, revised ji, McCune–Reischauer chi, Yale ci)
|
|
|踟
|-
|踫
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|踫
|-
|踴
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ióng
|to jump upwards; to leap • (of prices) to go up; to rise
|
|Rare form of 踊.
|踴 • (yong) · 踴 • (yong) (hangeul 용, revised yong, McCune–Reischauer yong, Yale yong)
|
|
|踴
|-
|踵
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zung² • Cantonese · Jyutping : dung² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsíng
|heel • to follow • to visit; to call on
| ‖ 踵(かかと) • (kakato) ‖ 踵(くびいす) • (kubiisu) ^(←くびひす (kubifisu)?) ‖ 踵(くびす) • (kubisu) ‖ 踵(あくと) • (akuto) ‖ 踵(あぐと) • (aguto)
| ‖ heel ‖ the bottom of the foot; the heel ‖ heel ‖ heel ‖ heel
|踵 (eumhun 발꿈치 종 (balkkumchi jong))
|Hanja form of 종 (“heel”).
|
|踵
|-
|踹
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caai² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshué ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dyun³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄢˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun² ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : jaai²
|to step on; to tread; to stamp • to kick (with the sole of the foot suddenly and forcefully) • (figurative, slang) to dump (a partner); to ditch ‖ heel (of the foot) ‖ foot • to stamp (foot) • to kick (with foot) ‖ calf (of the leg) ‖ (Cantonese) to step; to trample
|
|
|踹 • (dan) · 踹 • (dan) (hangeul 단, revised dan, McCune–Reischauer tan, Yale tan)
|
|
|踹
|-
|蹉
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : co¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuê
|to slip and fall • to err; to make a mistake • to step on; to trample • to pass by
|
|to trip, to stumble • to pass by
|蹉 • (cha) · 蹉 • (cha) (hangeul 차, revised cha, McCune–Reischauer ch'a, Yale cha)
|
|蹉 (tha, sa)
|蹉
|-
|蹊
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hê ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kai¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khi
|(literary) footpath • to trample on; to cross; to traverse • footprint • path; way • Alternative form of 徯 (“to wait”) ‖ Used in 蹊蹺／蹊跷.
|
|path
|蹊 • (hye) · 蹊 • (hye) (hangeul 혜, revised hye, McCune–Reischauer hye, Yale hyey)
|
|
|蹊
|-
|蹙
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zuk¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cuk¹
|to knit (one's brows) • to approach; to close in on • to force; to compel • to shrink; to contract • urgent; critical • Alternative form of 蹴 (“to tread on; to kick”)
|
|knitting one's brows
|蹙 • (chuk) · 蹙 • (chuk) (hangeul 축, revised chuk, McCune–Reischauer ch'uk, Yale chwuk)
|
|
|蹙
|-
|蹟
|
|
|
|
|蹟 • (jeok) · 蹟 • (jeok) (hangeul 적)
|
|
|蹟
|-
|蹣
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄢˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pun⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puânn
|(used in compounds) limping; staggering
|
|
|蹣 (eum 만 (man))
|
|
|蹣
|-
|蹤
|Cantonese · Jyutping : zung¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsng
|footprint; trace; track
|
|footprint; trace; track • to follow • to release, to free
|蹤 • (jong) · 蹤 • (jong) (hangeul 종, revised jong, McCune–Reischauer chong, Yale cong)
|
|chữ Hán form of tung (“footprint”).
|蹤
|-
|蹶
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kyut³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwai³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄟˋ
|to tumble; to fall down • to run • to fail • to step on; to tread on • rapidly; suddenly ‖  ‖
|
|to tumble; to fall down • to defeat; to topple • to spring out
|蹶 (eumhun 넘어질 궐 (neomeojil gwol)) ‖ 蹶 (eumhun 움직일 궤 (umjigil gwe))
|Hanja form of 궐 (“to stumble; to fall down”). ‖ (literary) Hanja form of 궤 (“to move”).
|
|蹶
|-
|蹺
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hiu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiau
|to raise one's foot
|
|
|蹺 • (gyo) · 蹺 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo, Yale kyo)
|
|
|蹺
|-
|蹼
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : buk⁶
|web; the membrane-like part between toes (of animals)
|
|
|蹼 • (bok) · 蹼 • (bok) (hangeul 복, revised bok, McCune–Reischauer pok, Yale pok)
|
|
|蹼
|-
|躂
|Cantonese · Jyutping : taat³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : daat³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄚˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taat³ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : taat¹
|to stumble; to slip; to fall down ‖ Only used in 蹓躂／蹓跶. ‖ (onomatopoeia) footstep sound
|
|
|
|
|
|躂
|-
|躅
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zuk⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄛˊ
|Used in 躑躅／踯躅 (zhízhú). • ^† to step on • ^† footprint ‖ ^† footprint
|
|
|躅 • (chok) · 躅 • (chok) (hangeul 촉, revised chok, McCune–Reischauer ch'ok, Yale chok)
|
|Nôm: trục, xộc
|躅
|-
|躇
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tîr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thû ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄛˋ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : thu̍h
|to walk back and forth • to hesitate; to falter; to be undecided • to trample on ‖ to overstep; to pass over; to advance out of turn ‖ (Hokkien) impractical and stupid (often reduplicated) • (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to move slowly; to dawdle; to dillydally
|
|
|躇 • (jeo, chak) · 躇 • (jeo, chak) (hangeul 저, 착, revised jeo, chak, McCune–Reischauer chŏ, ch'ak, Yale ce, chak)
|
|
|躇
|-
|躉
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dan² ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : dan²
|wholesale • to buy wholesale; to hoard for speculation ‖ (Cantonese) foundation; support (of an object) • (Cantonese, euphemistic) buttocks; bottom; behind • (Cantonese) to place; to put • (Cantonese) Classifier for buildings.
|
|
|躉 • (don) · 躉 • (don) (hangeul 돈, revised don, McCune–Reischauer ton, Yale ton)
|
|
|躉
|-
|躊
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiûnn
|Used in 躊躇／踌躇 (chóuchú), etc.
|
|
|躊 • (ju) · 躊 • (ju) (hangeul 주, revised ju, McCune–Reischauer chu, Yale cwu)
|
|
|躊
|-
|躑
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaak⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zik⁶
|Used in 躑躅／踯躅 (zhízhú). • ^† to kick • ^† to jump • ^‡ foot filth, Alternative form of 蹢
|
|to squat; to crouch
|躑 • (cheok) · 躑 • (cheok) (hangeul 척, revised cheok, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏk, Yale chek)
|
|
|躑
|-
|躡
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nip⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nih • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : neeh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : neh
|to walk on tiptoe; to lighten one's steps • to follow • (literary) to tread; to trample; to step on • (literary) to put on (shoes)
|
|
|躡 • (seop) · 躡 • (seop) (hangeul 섭, revised seop, McCune–Reischauer sŏp, Yale sep)
|
|
|躡
|-
|躪
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leon⁶
|
|
|
|躪 (eumhun 짓밟을 린 (jitbalbeul rin), South Korea 짓밟을 인 (jitbalbeul in))
|Hanja form of 린 (“to trample”).
|
|躪
|-
|軀
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : keoi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khi ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : su
|human body ‖ (Hokkien) body • (Hokkien) Classifier for sets of clothing.
| ‖
|body ‖
|軀 (eumhun 몸 구 (mom gu))
|Hanja form of 구 (“body”).
|
|軀
|-
|軋
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaat³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : at • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ah ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaat³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaat³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsat ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : a̍h ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : kauh
|to crush by weight • to oust; to squeeze out • (onomatopoeia) sound of a machine running • a surname: Ya ‖ (dialectal) to jostle; to push against; to squeeze together • (dialectal) to associate with • (dialectal) to check ‖ to roll (steel) ‖ (Hokkien) to tip over and crush something ‖ (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to crush; to run over; to roll flat (of or by a car)
|
|squeak • creak • grate
|軋 • (al) · 軋 • (al) (hangeul 알, revised al, McCune–Reischauer al, Yale al)
|
|
|軋
|-
|軔
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līm
|brake
|
|block that keeps wheel from moving
|軔 • (in) · 軔 • (in) (hangeul 인, revised in, McCune–Reischauer in, Yale in)
|a piece of wood serving as a brake to halt a carriage
|
|軔
|-
|軛
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aak¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : eh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iak
|yoke • to restrain; to control
|
|
|
|
|
|軛
|-
|軻
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜ • Cantonese · Jyutping : o¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ho² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kho
|
|
|
|軻 • (ga) · 軻 • (ga) (hangeul 가, revised ga, McCune–Reischauer ka, Yale ka)
|
|
|軻
|-
|軼
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jat⁶
|to surpass; to excel • to invade; to attack • (alt. form 佚, 逸) scattered; lost • Alternative form of 逸 (yì, “leisurely”) • Alternative form of 溢 (yì, “to overflow”)
|
|
|軼 • (il) · 軼 • (il) (hangeul 일, revised il, McCune–Reischauer il, Yale il)
|
|
|軼
|-
|軾
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹
|horizontal wooden bar in front of a sedan chair • to hold onto the horizontal wooden bar in front of a sedan chair
|
|
|軾 • (sik) · 軾 • (sik) (hangeul 식, revised sik, McCune–Reischauer sik, Yale sik)
|
|
|軾
|-
|輊
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsì
|
|
|
|
|
|
|輊
|-
|輒
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zip³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zit³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiap
|then • at once • always • (archaic) the luggage rack on a chariot
|
|promptly, easily • that is, i.e.
|輒 (eum 첩 (cheop))
|
|
|輒
|-
|輓
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waan⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : buán
|to pull; to draw • to mourn; to lament (a death) • Alternative form of 晚 (wǎn)
|
|
|輓 • (man) · 輓 • (man) (hangeul 만, revised man, McCune–Reischauer man, Yale man)
|
|
|輓
|-
|輔
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hù
|(obsolete) protective wooden bars that helped prevent a carriage from overturning • (literary) cheek • to assist • (historical) area near the capital
|
|cheek, cheekbone • assist
|輔 (eum 보 (bo))
|
|
|輔
|-
|輛
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : loeng⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : loeng⁶⁻² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liáng
|Classifier for wheeled vehicles. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier
| ‖
| ‖
|輛 • (ryang>yang) · 輛 • (ryang>yang) (hangeul 량>양, revised ryang>yang, McCune–Reischauer ryang>yang, Yale lyang>yang)
|
|
|輛
|-
|輜
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsir • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsu
|(rare) A carriage that has a covered roof • (literary) A carriage with a cover on it
|
|
|輜 • (chi) · 輜 • (chi) (hangeul 치, revised chi, McCune–Reischauer ch'i, Yale chi)
|
|
|輜
|-
|輟
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyut³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyut⁶
|to stop; to suspend; to halt
|
|
|輟 (eum 철 (cheol))
|
|
|輟
|-
|輦
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lin⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lián
|handcart • imperial carriage • to transport by carriage • (Southern Min) wheel
|
|
|輦 (eum 련 (ryeon), South Korea 연 (yeon))
|
|
|輦
|-
|輯
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cap¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tship • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsip • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsi̍p
|to gather up; to collect • to edit; to compile • Classifier for parts or volumes of a book or other literary work.
|
|
|輯 • (jip) · 輯 • (jip) (hangeul 집, revised jip, McCune–Reischauer chip, Yale cip)
|
|
|輯
|-
|輻
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fuk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hok
|spokes of a wheel • Alternative form of 輹／𰺓
|
|
|輻 (eum 복 (bok)) · 輻 (eum 폭 (pok))
|
|
|輻
|-
|輾
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin² ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lìn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tián
|Alternative form of 碾 (niǎn, “to crush (something) flat with a wheel; to run over”) ‖ Used in 輾轉／辗转 (zhǎnzhuǎn, “to toss and turn”). • a surname
|
|
|輾 • (jeon) · 輾 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen)
|
|
|輾
|-
|轂
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : guk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kok
|hub of a wheel • wheel • chariot; cart
|
|
|轂 (eum 곡 (gok))
|
|
|轂
|-
|轅
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uân
|
|
|shaft
|轅 • (won) · 轅 • (won) (hangeul 원, revised won, McCune–Reischauer wŏn, Yale wen)
|axle • magistrate's office
|
|轅
|-
|轍
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄜˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cit³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄜˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tia̍t
|wagon ruts; wheel tracks • path • way; method • rhyme
| ‖ 轍(わだち) • (wadachi) ‖ 轍(てつ) • (tetsu)
| ‖ a wheel furrow, track, or rut ‖ a wheel furrow, track, or rut • another person's mistake, a prior example (generally negative)
|轍 • (cheol) · 轍 • (cheol) (hangeul 철, revised cheol, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏl, Yale chel)
|
|
|轍
|-
|轎
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : giu⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : giu⁶⁻² • Cantonese · Jyutping : kiu⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kiu⁴⁻² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiō • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiau
|bamboo carriage • sedan chair; palanquin (Classifier: 頂／顶 c)
|
|palanquin • litter
|轎 • (gyo) · 轎 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo, Yale kyo)
|palanquin • sedan chair
|
|轎
|-
|轔
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leon⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leon⁶
|(Classical) sound of rumbling of wheels • (Classical) threshold; doorsill; doorstep • (Classical) wheel
|
|rumbling of vehicles • threshold
|轔 • (rin>in) · 轔 • (rin>in) (hangeul 린>인, revised rin>in, McCune–Reischauer rin>in, Yale lin>in)
|rumbling of vehicles • wheel • tread
|
|轔
|-
|轟
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwang¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ing
|(onomatopoeia) bang; boom • to rumble; to explode; to blast • to shoo away; to expel
|
|roar • thunder • boom • resound
|轟 (eumhun 울릴 굉 (ullil goeng))
|Hanja form of 굉 (“roar; thunder; boom”).
|
|轟
|-
|轡
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pì
|bridle of horse • reins
| ‖ 轡(くつわ) • (kutsuwa)
| ‖ bit (metal in horse's mouth)
|轡 (eumhun 고삐 비 (goppi bi))
|
|
|轡
|-
|辞
|
|
| ‖
|speech • to quit ‖
|
|
|
|辞
|-
|辦
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pān ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : baan² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pān
|to deal with; to handle; to manage; to take care of • to prepare; to get something ready • to process; to obtain (e.g. a visa/passport) • to set up; to run • to bring to justice; to punish • (only in compounds) Short for 辦公室／办公室 (bàngōngshì, “office”). • (euphemistic) to kill off; to murder ‖ (Cantonese, Southern Min) sample; specimen (Classifier: 個／个 c) • (Cantonese) template
|
|manage • do • handle • deal with
|辦 (eumhun 힘들일 판 (himdeuril pan)) ‖ 辦 (eum 변 (byeon))
|manage • do • handle • deal with ‖
|(only in compound biện pháp) chữ Hán form of biện (“to handle, to do; to prepare”).
|辦
|-
|辮
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bin¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄢˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piǎn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pīnn
|braid; plait • braid-like object
|
|
|辮 (eum 변 (byeon))
|
|
|辮
|-
|迥
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwing²
|distant; far • drastically different; far different • (literary) remote place • (literary) tall • (literary) totally; completely
|
|far • distant
|迥 • (hyeong) · 迥 • (hyeong) (hangeul 형, revised hyeong, McCune–Reischauer hyŏng, Yale hyeng)
|
|
|迥
|-
|迦
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khia ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˋ
|Used in transcription. ‖ Alternative form of 邂 (xiè)
|
|Used phonetically.
|迦 • (ga) · 迦 • (ga) (hangeul 가, revised ga, McCune–Reischauer ka, Yale ka)
|
|
|迦
|-
|迴
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wui⁴
|to revolve; to rotate • to avoid • winding; tortuous • Alternative form of 回 (huí, “to return; to go back”)
|
|rotate • revolve • pin • go around
|迴 • (hoe) · 迴 • (hoe) (hangeul 회, revised hoe, McCune–Reischauer hoe, Yale hoy)
|
|
|迴
|-
|迹
|
|
|
|
|迹 • (jeok) · 迹 • (jeok) (hangeul 적, revised jeok, McCune–Reischauer chŏk, Yale cek)
|
|
|迹
|-
|迺
|Hokkien · Tai-lo : se̍h
|(Hokkien) Alternative form of 踅
|
|
|迺 • (nae) · 迺 • (nae) (hangeul 내, revised nae, McCune–Reischauer nae, Yale nay)
|
|
|迺
|-
|逅
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄡˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hau⁶
|Only used in 邂逅 (xièhòu).
|
|
|逅 • (hu) · 逅 • (hu) (hangeul 후, revised hu, McCune–Reischauer hu, Yale hwu)
|
|
|逅
|-
|逍
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : siu¹
|Used in 逍遙／逍遥 (xiāoyáo).
|
|
|逍 (eumhun 거닐 소 (geonil so))
|Hanja form of 소 (“wander”).
|
|逍
|-
|逕
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ging³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaang³
|(alt. form 徑) small path • to go to; to reach • (literary, of water) to flow through • directly • (archaic) diameter
|
|path; route
|逕 • (gyeong) · 逕 • (gyeong) (hangeul 경, revised gyeong, McCune–Reischauer kyŏng, Yale kyeng)
|
|
|逕
|-
|逖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tik¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dik⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ti̍k
|far, distant • keep at a distance
|
|Run away, disappear, bend to the side, move to the side to avoid. • Far in distance.
|逖 (eum 적 (jeok))
|
|
|逖
|-
|這
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄜˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ze² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ze³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ze⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsé • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tse • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsit • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiá ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gān
|this; these • Synonym of 這樣／这样 (“like this; such”) • at this moment; right away; at once • here • Used before words for insults to add emphasis. • filler particle usually used when the speaker is tongue-tied. • meaningless particle in a sentence. ‖ to welcome; to greet; to receive
|
|crawl, creep, grovel • this
|這 (eumhun 이 저 (i jeo)) ‖ 這 (eumhun 맞을 언 (majeul eon))
|Hanja form of 저 (“this; that”). [affix] ‖ Hanja form of 언 (“to greet”). [only in Chinese]
|
|這
|-
|逵
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwai⁴
|(literary) thoroughfare; crossroads
|
|
|逵 • (gyu) · 逵 • (gyu) (hangeul 규, revised gyu, McCune–Reischauer kyu, Yale kyu)
|
|
|逵
|-
|遁
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : deon⁶
|to escape; to flee; to evade • to hide away; to conceal oneself
| ‖ 遁(のがれ) • (nogare)
|escape ‖ an escape, a dodge, avoidance, evasion
|遁 • (dun, don) · 遁 • (dun, don) (hangeul 둔, 돈, revised dun, don, McCune–Reischauer tun, ton, Yale twun, ton)
|
|
|遁
|-
|遐
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haa⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hêe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hēe ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hia • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiô ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hia ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiah
|far; distant • long-lasting • (obsolete) why; how ‖ (Hokkien) there ‖ (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) that; those ‖ (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien, degree) so; that • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) final question particle expressing doubt
|
|distant
|遐 • (ha) · 遐 • (ha) (hangeul 하, revised ha, McCune–Reischauer ha, Yale ha)
|
|
|遐
|-
|遑
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wong⁴
|(literary) free time; leisure; spare time • hurried; hasty • how; how can (in rhetorical questions) • Alternative form of 徨 (huáng) • Alternative form of 惶 (huáng, “frightened; terrified”)
| ‖
|be at great leisure • be anxious ‖
|遑 • (hwang) · 遑 • (hwang) (hangeul 황, revised hwang, McCune–Reischauer hwang, Yale hwang)
|
|
|遑
|-
|遘
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gau³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kòo ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : kàu
|^† to meet; to encounter • Alternative form of 構／构 (gòu, “to create; to form”) ‖ (Min) Alternative form of 到 (dào)
|
|
|遘 • (gu) · 遘 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu)
|
|
|遘
|-
|遨
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngou⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngou⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngôo
|to roam; to ramble; to travel for pleasure • (Southern Min) to spin; to rotate
|
|
|遨 • (o) · 遨 • (o) (hangeul 오, revised o, McCune–Reischauer o, Yale o)
|
|
|遨
|-
|遴
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leon⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˋ
|(literary) to select; to choose carefully • a surname ‖ (obsolete) difficult (especially of travel) • Alternative form of 吝 (lìn, “stingy”)
|
|align • select • hesitate
|遴 • (rin>in) · 遴 • (rin>in) (hangeul 린>인, revised rin>in, McCune–Reischauer rin>in, Yale lin>in)
|
|
|遴
|-
|遼
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : liu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâu
|distant; far • ^† long; prolonged • (～朝) Liao or Khitan dynasty (907-1125) • (～河, ～水) Liao (a river in Northeast China) • Short for 遼寧／辽宁 (Liáoníng, “Liaoning Province of China”).
| ‖ 遼(りょう) • (Ryō) ^(←れう (reu)?)
|faraway ‖ a male given name
|遼 • (ryo>yo) · 遼 • (ryo>yo) (hangeul 료>요, revised ryo>yo, McCune–Reischauer ryo>yo, Yale lyo>yo)
|
|
|遼
|-
|遽
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geoi⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geoi³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kīr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kī ‖
|post chariot or horse • hurriedly • suddenly • to be afraid • a surname ‖ (Hakka) fast; quick
|
|
|遽 • (geo) · 遽 • (geo) (hangeul 거, revised geo, McCune–Reischauer kŏ, Yale ke)
|
|
|遽
|-
|邁
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : māi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mai
|to go on a long journey • to stride; to take a step • to pass by; to surpass • old; elderly • mile • (colloquial) kilometer per hour • Alternative form of 勱／劢 (mài) • a surname
|
|
|邁 • (mae) · 邁 • (mae) (hangeul 매, revised mae, McCune–Reischauer mae, Yale may)
|
|
|邁
|-
|邂
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haai⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haai⁵
|Only used in 邂逅 (xièhòu).
|
|meet unexpectedly
|邂 • (hae) · 邂 • (hae) (hangeul 해, revised hae, McCune–Reischauer hae, Yale hay)
|
|
|邂
|-
|邇
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄦˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ní • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jínn
|(literary) near; close • (literary) to approach; to come close to
|
|approach • near, close
|邇 • (i) · 邇 • (i) (hangeul 이, McCune–Reischauer i, Yale i)
|
|
|邇
|-
|邏
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lo⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lô
|to patrol; to inspect; to watch • patrol; vigil; guard
|
|
|邏 • (ra>na) · 邏 • (ra>na) (hangeul 라>나, revised ra>na, McCune–Reischauer ra>na, Yale la>na)
|
|
|邏
|-
|邐
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁵
|
|
|meandering • winding
|邐 • (ri>i) · 邐 • (ri>i) (hangeul 리>이, revised ri>i, McCune–Reischauer ri>i, Yale li>i)
|get joined on, be continued • continuous and meandering (as mountains, roads, etc.)
|chữ Hán form of lí (“meandering”).
|邐
|-
|邕
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung¹
|Alternative form of 雍 (yōng, “harmony; harmonious”) • Alternative form of 壅 (“to obstruct”) • (literary) former name of Nanning
|
|
|邕 • (ong) · 邕 • (ong) (hangeul 옹, revised ong, McCune–Reischauer ong, Yale ong)
|
|
|邕
|-
|邢
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jing⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hîng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄥˇ
|a surname • name of ancient state situated in modern-day Hebei province ‖ Synonym of 耿: a place in modern Henan or Shanxi
|
|
|邢 • (hyeong) · 邢 • (hyeong) (hangeul 형, revised hyeong, McCune–Reischauer hyŏng, Yale hyeng)
|
|
|邢
|-
|邱
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khu
|Alternative form of 丘 (“mound; dune; hill”) • (dialect) ugly; bad • a surname
|
|
|邱 • (gu) · 邱 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu)
|
|
|邱
|-
|邵
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : siu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siō
|Name of various places in Ancient China. • Short for 邵陽／邵阳 (Shàoyáng, “Shaoyang”). • (～族) Thao people (a Taiwanese aborigine ethnic group, from Thao Thau) • a surname • (Eastern Min) to praise, appreciate • (Eastern Min) to brag • (Eastern Min) to admire
|
|
|邵 (eum 소 (so))
|
|
|邵
|-
|郞
|
|
|
|
|郞 (eumhun 사나이 랑 (sanai rang), South Korea 사나이 낭 (sanai nang))
|Hanja form of 랑/낭 (“gentleman, man, male”). • Hanja form of 랑/낭 (“knight”).
|
|郞
|-
|鄉
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hoeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hionn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hoeng³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄤˇ
|township • countryside; country; rural area • one's native place • place • state; situation • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 嚮／向 ‖ Alternative form of 饗／飨 (xiǎng)
|
|
|鄉 • (hyang) · 鄉 • (hyang) (hangeul 향, revised hyang, McCune–Reischauer hyang, Yale hyang)
|alternative form of 鄕
|
|鄉
|-
|鄒
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsau
|(historical) Zou (an ancient Chinese state during the Zhou dynasty) • (～族) Tsou (a Taiwanese aborigine ethnic group, borrowed from Tsou Cou) • a surname
|
|
|鄒 (eum 추 (chu))
|
|
|鄒
|-
|鄕
|
|
|
|village • hometown • countryside, country
|鄕 • (hyang) · 鄕 • (hyang) (hangeul 향, revised hyang, McCune–Reischauer hyang, Yale hyang)
|country, village
|
|鄕
|-
|鄧
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dang⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tīng
|The name of an ancient kingdom. • a surname
|
|
|鄧 (eum 등 (deung))
|
|
|鄧
|-
|鄭
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeng⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tīnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tēnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tīng
|(historical) Zheng (a former state in modern-day Henan, during the Zhou dynasty) • Used in 鄭重／郑重 (zhèngzhòng, “solemn”). • a surname
|
|courteous • (historical) Zheng
|鄭 (eumhun 나라 이름 정 (nara ireum jeong)) · 鄭 (eumhun 성씨 정 (seongssi jeong))
|(historical) A former state in modern-day Henan • a surname
|
|鄭
|-
|鄱
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bo³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : po⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄢˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˊ
| ‖  ‖
|
|
|鄱 • (pa) · 鄱 • (pa) (hangeul 파)
|
|
|鄱
|-
|酊
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ding² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tíng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ding¹
|Only used in 酩酊 (mǐngdǐng, “heavily intoxicated”). ‖ tincture
|
|
|酊 • (jeong) · 酊 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng, Yale ceng)
|
|
|酊
|-
|酋
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siû
|chief of a tribe, chieftain • superintendent of the preparation of liquors
|
|chief, leader
|酋 • (chu) · 酋 • (chu) (hangeul 추, revised chu, McCune–Reischauer ch'u, Yale chwu)
|
|
|酋
|-
|酩
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ming⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ming⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bîng
|Only used in 酩酊 (mǐngdǐng) and 酩子裡／酩子里.
|
|
|酩 • (myeong) · 酩 • (myeong) (hangeul 명, revised myeong, McCune–Reischauer myŏng, Yale myeng)
|
|
|酩
|-
|醃
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jip³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iam • Hokkien · Tai-lo : am
|to salt; to pickle; to cure • to marinate
|
|
|醃 • (eom) · 醃 • (eom) (hangeul 엄, McCune–Reischauer ŏm, Yale em)
|
|
|醃
|-
|醞
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan² • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan³
|(literary) to ferment an alcoholic beverage • (literary) wine
|
|liquor • spirits • wine • fermentation
|醞 • (on) · 醞 • (on) (hangeul 온, revised on, McCune–Reischauer on, Yale on)
|brew • harmony
|
|醞
|-
|醣
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|醣
|-
|醬
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiùnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiònn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiàunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiàng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄤˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄤˋ
|sauce or paste made of fermented beans, flour, etc. • thick sauce; jam • to cook in soy sauce • (Hong Kong Cantonese) Short for 花生醬. ‖ (ACG, Internet slang) -chan ‖ (Taiwan, Malaysia or Internet slang) (in) this way • (Malaysia) then; in that case
|
|a kind of miso • any jam-like or paste-like food
|醬 (eumhun 젓갈 장 (jeotgal jang))
|any jam-like or paste-like food
|chữ Hán form of tương (“sauce”).
|醬
|-
|醺
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan¹
|to be drunk; to intoxicate with alcohol
|
|hunger
|
|
|
|醺
|-
|釁
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hìn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hùn
|(historical) blood rite, in which the blood of a sacrifice is smeared upon an object • (historical) blood rite, in which the blood of a sacrifice is smeared upon an object · (archaic) to smear (with blood) • (archaic) crack; rift • dispute; quarrel; feud • a surname
|
|to smear with blood
|釁 • (heun) · 釁 • (heun) (hangeul 흔, revised heun, McCune–Reischauer hŭn, Yale hun)
|
|
|釁
|-
|釉
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iu
|glaze
|
|pottery glaze
|釉 • (yu) · 釉 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu, Yale yu)
|
|
|釉
|-
|釐
|Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁴⁻¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lî ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hei¹
|centi- (SI unit prefix) • cash, a unit of weight, equal to one tenth of a 分 (fēn, “candareen”) • 0.001 dollars, yuan, etc.; 0.1 cents, fen, etc. (currency unit) • unit of monthly interest (0.01%), unit of annual interest (1%) • Alternative form of 嫠 (lí) ‖ Alternative form of 禧 (xǐ, “auspicious; lucky”) • a surname
|
|few • one tenth of a bu
|釐 (eumhun 고칠 리 (gochil ri), South Korea 고칠 이 (gochil i)) ‖ 釐 (eumhun 제육 희 (jeyuk hui)) ‖ 釐 (eumhun 보리 래 (bori rae), South Korea 보리 내 (bori nae))
|manage, control • 1/1000 of a foot ‖  ‖
|
|釐
|-
|釗
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ciu¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ziu¹
|(literary) to encourage • a surname
|
|
|釗 • (soe) · 釗 • (soe) (hangeul 쇠, revised soe, McCune–Reischauer soe, Yale soy)
|
|
|釗
|-
|釘
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : deng¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ding¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ting ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : deng¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ding¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tìng
|(obsolete, rare) gold slab • nail (spike-shaped fastener) • body piercing • to monitor; to urge • Alternative form of 盯 (dīng, “to keep eyes on; to stare at”) • Alternative form of 叮 (dīng, “to sting; to bite”) • (literary) lamp ‖ to nail; to staple • to sew on • (Cantonese, slang) to die • (obsolete, rare) gold
| ‖ 釘(くぎ) • (kugi)
| ‖ a nail; a spike made of metal or hard material used to stick something
|釘 • (jeong) · 釘 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng, Yale ceng)
|
|
|釘
|-
|釦
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khà • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khàu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiò
|button (knob or small disc serving as a fastener) • (archery) metal loop at the nock point of a bow string • to engrave; to decorate
| ‖
|button ‖
|釦 • (gu) · 釦 • (gu) (hangeul 구)
|
|
|釦
|-
|釧
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuan
|(literary or chiefly Southern Min) bracelet; armlet • a surname
|
|bracelet
|釧 • (cheon) · 釧 • (cheon) (hangeul 천, revised cheon, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏn, Yale chen)
|
|
|釧
|-
|釵
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄞ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caai¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thue • Hokkien · Tai-lo : the • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshai
|(dated) ornamental forked hairpin
| ‖ 釵(さい) • (sai) ‖ 釵(かんざし) • (kanzashi) ‖ 釵(かざし) • (kazashi)
| ‖ (weaponry) a sai: a short blunt weapon with a wide guard, used mainly for defense against opponents armed with swords ‖ a hairpin, particularly a fancy decorative hairpin used in Japanese women's hairstyles ‖ (obsolete) an ornamental hairpin (see above)
|釵 • (chae, cha) · 釵 • (chae, cha) (hangeul 채, 차, revised chae, cha, McCune–Reischauer ch'ae, ch'a, Yale chay, cha)
|
|
|釵
|-
|鈉
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naap⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : la̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : la̍p ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naap⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄟˋ
|sodium ‖ to forge iron ‖ Alternative form of 枘 (ruì, “tenon”) • Alternative form of 𨧨 (“sharp; pointed”)
|
|
|鈉 • (nap) · 鈉 • (nap) (hangeul 납, revised nap, McCune–Reischauer nap, Yale nap)
|
|
|鈉
|-
|鈐
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kim⁴
|official seal • to affix a seal to • tea-curing tool • stratagem; plot; plan; strategy; tactic • (figurative) key (to something) • a surname: Qian
|
|
|鈐 • (geom) · 鈐 • (geom) (hangeul 검, revised geom, McCune–Reischauer kŏm, Yale kem)
|
|
|鈐
|-
|鈔
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caau¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshà
|paper money; banknotes • Alternative form of 抄
| ‖ 鈔(しょう) • (shō) ^(←せう (seu)?)
| ‖ an excerpt, an extract (writing) • an annotation • a unit of volume, equal to one tenth of a 勺 (shaku) and one hundredth of a 合 (gō), or approximately 1.8 millilitres
|鈔 • (cho) · 鈔 • (cho) (hangeul 초, revised cho, McCune–Reischauer ch'o, Yale cho)
|
|
|鈔
|-
|鈕
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄡˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nau² • Cantonese · Jyutping : nau⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liú
|button (on clothes) • button (something to be pressed) • a surname, particularly common among Manchus
| ‖
| ‖
|
|
|
|鈕
|-
|鈞
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwan¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kun • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kin
|(historical) ancient unit of measure equivalent to 30 catties or 15 kilograms • (polite) you; your • potter's wheel • tone; tune
|
|
|鈞 • (gyun) · 鈞 • (gyun) (hangeul 균, revised gyun, McCune–Reischauer kyun, Yale kyun)
|
|
|鈞
|-
|鈣
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : koi³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kài
|calcium (Ca)
|
|calcium (Ca)
|鈣 • (gae) · 鈣 • (gae) (hangeul 개, McCune–Reischauer kae, Yale kay)
|
|
|鈣
|-
|鈷
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kóo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : gu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kóo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨˋ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : kóo
|cobalt ‖ Only used in 鈷鉧／钴𬭁 (gǔmǔ). ‖ to break ‖ (Southern Min) pot (classifier for bottled liquid)
| ‖ 鈷(こ) • (ko)
|an iron (appliance for removing wrinkles from clothing) • (Buddhism) a vajra • cobalt ‖ cobalt
|鈷 • (go) · 鈷 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko)
|
|
|鈷
|-
|鈸
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bat⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : but⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pua̍h ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : phuah
|cymbals; bo ‖ (Zhangzhou Hokkien) long sickle • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to scrape with a long sickle
|
|
|鈸 • (bal) · 鈸 • (bal) (hangeul 발, revised bal, McCune–Reischauer pal, Yale pal)
|(동발 발, dongbal-): cymbal
|鈸 (bạt)
|鈸
|-
|鈾
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁴⁻² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iû
|(chemistry) uranium
|
|
|
|
|
|鈾
|-
|鉀
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaap³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kap ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˊ
|(chemistry) potassium ‖ Only used in 鉀鑪／钾𬬻.
|
|
|鉀 • (gap) · 鉀 • (gap) (hangeul 갑, revised gap, McCune–Reischauer kap, Yale kap)
|
|
|鉀
|-
|鉋
|
|
| ‖ 鉋(かんな) • (kanna) ‖ 鉋(かな) • (kana)
|a plane (woodworking) ‖ (woodworking tools) a plane ‖ (woodworking tools, possibly dialect) a plane
|鉋 • (po) · 鉋 • (po) (hangeul 포, revised po, McCune–Reischauer p'o, Yale pho)
|
|
|鉋
|-
|鉑
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bok⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : po̍k
|Alternative form of 箔 (bó, “thin sheet of metal”) • (chemistry) platinum (metal)
|
|
|鉑 (eumhun 금백 백 (geumbaek baek))
|Hanja form of 금 (“gold leaf, platinum”).
|silver
|鉑
|-
|鉗
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kim⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kim⁴⁻² • Cantonese · Jyutping : kem⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khînn
|claw of a crustacean (Classifier: 個／个 c) • pincers, pliers, tongs • to grab or pinch with a plier or a crustacean claw
|
|
|鉗 • (gyeom) · 鉗 • (gyeom) (hangeul 겸, revised gyeom, McCune–Reischauer kyŏm, Yale kyem)
|
|
|鉗
|-
|鉢
|
|
| ‖ 鉢(はち) • (hachi)
|bowl; pot • skull; cranium ‖ bowl, pot
|鉢 • (bal) · 鉢 • (bal) (hangeul 발, revised bal, McCune–Reischauer pal, Yale pal)
|(바리때 발, barittae-): bowl (perhaps originally, Buddhist alms bowl)
|
|鉢
|-
|鉤
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngau¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : koo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kio
|hook; barb (Classifier: 個／个 m c) • (obsolete) sickle • checkmark (Classifier: 個／个 m) • to hook • to crochet • to sew with large stitches • (literary) to investigate • (Chinese calligraphy) a stroke with a hook (such as in ㇠, ㇆, ㇚, or ㇟) • (regional, card games) jack (J)
| ‖ 鉤(かぎ) • (kagi)
| ‖ hook
|鉤 • (gu) · 鉤 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu)
|
|
|鉤
|-
|銃
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cung³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshìng
|blunderbuss • (Eastern Min, Southern Min, Taiwanese Hakka) gun; firearm (Classifier: 支 mn)
| ‖ 銃(じゅう) • (jū) ^(←じゆう (zyuu)?) ‖ 銃(つつ) • (tsutsu)
|gun ‖ gun (firearm) ‖ gun, firearm
|銃 • (chong) · 銃 • (chong) (hangeul 총)
|gun, rifle, firearm
|gun, firearm
|銃
|-
|銓
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun⁴
|to estimate • to select
|
|
|銓 • (jeon) · 銓 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen)
|
|
|銓
|-
|銖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsu
|(historical) zhu (an ancient Chinese unit of weight notionally equivalent to 100 millet seeds or 1/24 liang/tael, chiefly used for denominating small coins) • Thai baht (currency unit) • a surname
|
|
|銖 • (su) · 銖 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu)
|
|
|銖
|-
|銜
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haam⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ham⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khânn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hânn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hâm
|to hold in the mouth • to harbor (hold in one's thoughts) • to connect • rank; title • (literary, or in compounds) to accept • (literary, or in compounds) bit (of a horse)
|
|
|銜 • (ham) · 銜 • (ham) (hangeul 함, revised ham, McCune–Reischauer ham, Yale ham)
|
|
|銜
|-
|銬
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kaau³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khàu
|shackles; manacles • to shackle; to manacle
|
|
|
|
|
|銬
|-
|銷
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : siu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siau
|to melt • to sell • to expend • to cancel; to write off • to bolt • peg; pin; bolt • a surname: Xiao
|
|
|銷 • (so) · 銷 • (so) (hangeul 소, revised so, McCune–Reischauer so, Yale so)
|
|
|銷
|-
|銻
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tai¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : the
|(obsolete) Only used in 鎕銻／𰾯锑 (tángtí, “a type of gemstone, with a fire-like appearance”). ‖ (chemistry) antimony
|
|
|銻 • (je) · 銻 • (je) (hangeul 제, revised je, McCune–Reischauer che, Yale cey)
|
|
|銻
|-
|銼
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : co³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshò
|carpenter's file, file smooth
|
|
|
|
|
|銼
|-
|鋁
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lǐr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lí
|(chemistry) aluminium; aluminum
|
|aluminum
|鋁 • (ryeo) · 鋁 • (ryeo) (hangeul 려, revised ryeo, McCune–Reischauer ryŏ, Yale lye)
|
|
|鋁
|-
|鋅
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : san¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sing¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sin ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : sing¹
|(chemistry) zinc ‖ (Cantonese) Only used in 鋅盆／锌盆.
|
|
|鋅 • (ja) · 鋅 • (ja) (hangeul 자, revised ja, McCune–Reischauer cha, Yale ca)
|
|
|鋅
|-
|鋒
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hong
|pointed edge; cutting edge • (figurative) vanguard; pioneer • (meteorology) front
| ‖ 鋒(ほこ) • (hoko)
| ‖ Alternative spelling of 矛
|鋒 • (bong) · 鋒 • (bong) (hangeul 봉, revised bong, McCune–Reischauer pong, Yale pong)
|
|
|鋒
|-
|鋤
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : co⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tîr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshôo
|hoe • to hoe; to dig • to remove; to get rid of; to eradicate
|
|
|鋤 • (seo) · 鋤 • (seo) (hangeul 서, revised seo, McCune–Reischauer sŏ, Yale se)
|(호미 서): hoe (short-handled, one-handed) • (김맬 서): to weed, eradicate, compare mow, hew, hoe. • (없앨 서): to remove, eliminate
|
|鋤
|-
|鋪
|Cantonese · Jyutping : pou¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phoo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pou³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pou³⁻² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phòo ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : pou¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phoo
|to spread out; to arrange • to display • to pave; to tile; to lay • (Cantonese) Classifier for games or matches. • (Cantonese) Classifier for addictions. ‖ store (Classifier: 間／间 c) • relay station for post horses • (Cantonese, Northern Min, Eastern Min, Southern Min, Nanning Pinghua, Wenzhounese) unit of distance equivalent to 10 li ‖ bed
|
|
|鋪 • (po) · 鋪 • (po) (hangeul 포, revised po, McCune–Reischauer p'o, Yale pho)
|
|
|鋪
|-
|鋭
|
|
| ‖ 鋭(えい) • (ei) ‖ 鋭(えい) • (ei) -na (adnominal 鋭(えい)な (ei na), adverbial 鋭(えい)に (ei ni)) ‖ 鋭(えい) • (ei)
|sharp ‖ sharp; pointed; acute; keen ‖ (literary) keen ‖ (literary) sharp weapon • (literary) elite; pick
|鋭 • (ye, tae) · 鋭 • (ye, tae) (hangeul 예, 태, revised ye, tae, McCune–Reischauer ye, t'ae, Yale yey, thay)
|
|
|鋭
|-
|鋸
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : goe³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geoi³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kù • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kìr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kì ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : goe¹
|saw (tool) (Classifier: 把 m c) • to saw • to amputate • (dialectal) to play (a stringed instrument) ‖ to kill; to slaughter • (Cantonese, figuratively) to swindle (to obtain by deceitful methods)
| ‖ 鋸(のこぎり) or 鋸(ノコギリ) • (nokogiri)
|saw ‖ a saw (tool)
|鋸 (eum 거 (geo))
|
|
|鋸
|-
|錐
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jeoi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsui
|awl • awl-like object • to drill; to bore • cone; pyramid
| ‖ 錐(きり) • (kiri) ‖ 錐(すい) • (sui)
| ‖ a pointy tool used to make holes, such as a drill, a gimlet, an auger or an awl ‖ Clipping of 錐体 (suitai, “cone or pyramid”).
|錐 (eum 추 (chu))
|
|
|錐
|-
|錘
|Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi⁴⁻² • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄟˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuî
|hammer • mace (weapon) • (literally, figuratively) to hammer into shape; to forge • (Mainland China, neologism, slang) proof • (historical) an ancient unit of weight • a surname: Chui
| ‖ 錘(おもり) • (omori)
|weight, sinker • spindle ‖ Alternative form of 重り (omori, “weight; sinker”)
|錘 • (chu) · 錘 • (chu) (hangeul 추)
|
|
|錘
|-
|錚
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zang¹
|onomatopoeia for the sound of metal objects being struck • (historical) an ancient type of percussion instrument, made of copper, bell-shaped, and narrow, used to pace the marching of armies
|
|gong • onomatopoeia for the sound of metal objects being struck
|錚 (eumhun 쇳소리 쟁 (soetsori jaeng))
|metallic sound • gong (a type of percussion instrument used in folk music)
|
|錚
|-
|錨
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naau⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : biâu
|anchor
| ‖ 錨(いかり) • (ikari) ‖ 錨(びょう) • (byō) ^(←べう (beu)?)
| ‖ (nautical) an anchor (tool to moor a vessel into the sea bottom) • an anchor-shaped tool on the end of a rope or other line, used to secure the line • an anchor-shaped grapnel • a kind of 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) in the shape of an anchor ‖ (nautical) anchor
|錨 • (myo) · 錨 • (myo) (hangeul 묘, revised myo, McCune–Reischauer myo, Yale myo)
|(닻): anchor
|
|錨
|-
|錫
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sek³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sek⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sik ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˊ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : sek³
|tin ‖ ^† Alternative form of 賜／赐 (“to bestow; to confer”) ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 惜 (sek3, “to cherish; to kiss”)
| ‖ 錫(スズ) or 錫(すず) • (suzu) ‖ 錫(しゃく) • (shaku)
|tin ‖ tin, Sn ‖ Short for 錫杖.
|錫 • (seok) · 錫 • (seok) (hangeul 석, revised seok, McCune–Reischauer sŏk, Yale sek)
|
|
|錫
|-
|錳
|Cantonese · Jyutping : maang⁵ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄥˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bíng
|(chemistry) manganese
|
|
|錳 • (maeng) · 錳 • (maeng) (hangeul 맹, revised maeng, McCune–Reischauer maeng, Yale mayng)
|
|
|錳
|-
|錶
|Cantonese · Jyutping : biu¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : biu² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄠˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pió
|watch (portable timepiece) (Classifier: 塊／块 m) • (specifically) wristwatch (Classifier: 隻／只 c) • gauge; meter; instrument
|
|
|
|
|
|錶
|-
|鍍
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dou⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tōo
|to plate; to cover (a metal object) with a thin coating of a different metal
|
|
|鍍 • (do) · 鍍 • (do) (hangeul 도, revised do, McCune–Reischauer to, Yale to)
|
|
|鍍
|-
|鍥
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kit³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : keh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kueh
|
|
|
|
|
|
|鍥
|-
|鍬
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ciu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiu
|shovel; spade
| ‖ 鍬(くわ) • (kuwa) ^(←くは (kufa)?) ‖ 鍬(くわ) • (Kuwa) ^(←くは (kufa)?)
|hoe ‖ a hoe (agricultural tool) ‖ a surname
|鍬 (eum 초 (cho))
|(가래 초): a spade, shovel, ploughshare
|
|鍬
|-
|鍾
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiong
|vessel for containing alcohol • to concentrate one's love or attention • unit of capacity • Alternative form of 鐘／钟 (zhōng, “percussion musical instrument; bell”) • (obsolete, chiefly Nanzhao) younger brother • a surname
| ‖ 鍾(しょう) • (shō)
|bronze jar used for storing alcohol ‖ bronze jar used for storing alcohol
|鍾 • (jong) · 鍾 • (jong) (hangeul 종, revised jong, McCune–Reischauer chong, Yale cong)
|음훈: [술병 종] 술병, 술잔 = alcohol bottle, alcohol glass, alcohol receptacle
|
|鍾
|-
|鎂
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bí ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄟˇ ㄐㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁵ gam¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bí-kim
|(chemistry) magnesium ‖ (neologism, Internet slang) Alternative form of 美金 (měijīn)
|
|
|鎂 • (mi) · 鎂 • (mi) (hangeul 미, revised mi, McCune–Reischauer mi, Yale mi)
|
|
|鎂
|-
|鎊
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄤ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bong⁶
| ‖ pound (unit of currency)
|
|
|鎊 • (bang) · 鎊 • (bang) (hangeul 방)
|
|
|鎊
|-
|鎔
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iûnn
|mould for casting • to melt by heat; to turn solid into liquid by heat
|
|to melt by heat • mould for casting
|鎔 • (yong) · 鎔 • (yong) (hangeul 용, revised yong, McCune–Reischauer yong, Yale yong)
|
|
|鎔
|-
|鎢
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : oo
|Only used in 鎢錥／钨𫓾. ‖ (chemistry) tungsten; wolfram
|
|
|
|
|
|鎢
|-
|鎭
|
|
|
|
|鎭 (eumhun 진압할 진 (jinaphal jin))
|
|
|鎭
|-
|鎳
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nip⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nip¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gia̍t
|nickel (an element)
|
|
|鎳 • (eol) · 鎳 • (eol) (hangeul 얼, revised eol, McCune–Reischauer ŏl, Yale el)
|
|
|鎳
|-
|鏃
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zuk⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zuk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tso̍k
|(literary) arrowhead; barb • (literary) sharp • (literary) swift; quick
| ‖ 鏃(やじり) • (yajiri)
| ‖ arrowhead
|鏃 • (jok) · 鏃 • (jok) (hangeul 족, revised jok, McCune–Reischauer chok, Yale cok)
|
|
|鏃
|-
|鏈
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lin⁶⁻² • Cantonese · Jyutping : lin⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lin⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liān ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˊ
|chain; wire; cable • chain; shack • to chain • chain (unit of length equal to 22 yards) ‖ copper • lead mine • mine
|
|chain • irons • connection
|鏈 • (ryeon>yeon) · 鏈 • (ryeon>yeon) (hangeul 련>연)
|
|
|鏈
|-
|鏑
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dik¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dik⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dik¹
|arrowhead ‖ (chemistry) dysprosium
|
|
|鏑 • (jeok) · 鏑 • (jeok) (hangeul 적, revised jeok, McCune–Reischauer chŏk, Yale cek)
|
|
|鏑
|-
|鏖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ou¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngou¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngou⁴ ‖
|(literary) to fight to the end; to engage in a fierce battle • fierce • clamorous • (obsolete) kettle ‖ unclean; unkempt • dust; waste; rubbish
|
|massacre, annihilation, wholesale slaughter
|鏖 • (o) · 鏖 • (o) (hangeul 오, revised o, McCune–Reischauer o, Yale o)
|
|
|鏖
|-
|鏗
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hang¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khing
|to strike, beat, stroke • jingling
|
|onomatopoeia of something hard hits • to strike, to beat
|鏗 (eumhun 금옥(金玉) 소리 갱 (geumok sori gaeng))
|
|
|鏗
|-
|鏘
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄧㄤ
|(onomatopoeia) tinkle; clang; jingle (sound of metal or jade) ‖ (Taiwan, slang) Alternative form of ㄎㄧㄤ (kiāng)
|
|tinkle
|鏘 (eumhun 금옥(金玉) 소리 장 (geumok sori jang))
|tinkle
|
|鏘
|-
|鏜
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tong¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tong⁴
|a type of small copper drum • (onomatopoeia) drum or gong sound ‖ to bore hole
|
|boring tool
|鏜 • (dang) · 鏜 • (dang) (hangeul 당, revised dang, McCune–Reischauer tang, Yale tang)
|boring tool
|
|鏜
|-
|鏟
|Cantonese · Jyutping : caan² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshián
|spade; shovel; scoop • to shovel; to level off • to root out; to destroy • (Hong Kong Cantonese) to delete (data on a computer or other device)
|
|
|鏟 • (san) · 鏟 • (san) (hangeul 산, revised san, McCune–Reischauer san, Yale san)
|
|chữ Hán form of sạn (“shovel”). • Nôm form of xẻng (“shovel”).
|鏟
|-
|鏢
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : biu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pio • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piau
|dart; spear; harpoon • (archaic) goods sent under the protection of an armed escort
|
|
|鏢 (eum 표 (pyo))
|
|
|鏢
|-
|鏽
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siù
|rust (deteriorated state of iron or steel as a result of moisture and oxidation) • to rust; to get rusty; to corrode; to oxidise • incrustation • rust (disease of plants caused by a reddish-brown fungus)
| ‖
| ‖
|鏽 • (su) · 鏽 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu)
|
|
|鏽
|-
|鐃
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naau⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nâ
|(historical) wide upward-facing bronze bell connected to a short handle and struck with a mallet, used in battle to halt or recall troops • (music) big cymbals • Alternative form of 撓／挠 (náo, “to disturb; to argue; to debate”)
| ‖ 鐃(にょう) • (nyō) ^(←ねう (neu)?) ‖ 鐃(どう) • (dō) ^(←だう (dau)?)
| ‖ in ancient China, a gong used in the army to signal the drumming to stop • (Buddhism) a kind of gong used at Buddhist temples ‖ in ancient China, a gong used in the army to signal the drumming to stop • (Buddhism) a kind of gong used at Buddhist temples
|鐃 • (nyo>yo) · 鐃 • (nyo>yo) (hangeul 뇨>요, revised nyo>yo, McCune–Reischauer nyo>yo, Yale nyo>yo)
|
|
|鐃
|-
|鐮
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lim⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nî
|sickle
|
|Alternative form of 鎌 (“sickle”)
|
|
|Nôm form of liềm (“sickle”).
|鐮
|-
|鐲
|Cantonese · Jyutping : zuk⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄛˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : so̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sio̍k
|^⁜ bangle; rigid bracelet • (historical) bell used to control the pace of marching troops
|
|
|
|
|chữ Hán form of trạc (“bracelet, gong (instrument)”). • Nôm form of đúc (“to cast metal”).
|鐲
|-
|鐳
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luî ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lui ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luî ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luî
|(chemistry) radium ‖ (Xiamen, Quanzhou and Zhangzhou Hokkien; Zhongshan Min) copper cash; coin • (Xiamen, Quanzhou and Zhangzhou Hokkien) Classifier for copper cash. • (Malaysian Cantonese and Singapore Cantonese, Hakka, Southern Min; Xiamen, Quanzhou and Zhangzhou Hokkien; slang in Hong Kong Cantonese) money ‖ Only used in 鐳射／镭射 (léishè). ‖ (archaic) bottle; pitcher
|
|
|
|
|
|鐳
|-
|鐸
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dok⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : to̍k
|(historical) large bronze bell with a wooden or bronze clapper and a long handle, used for war and to announce proclamations • a surname
| ‖ 鐸(ぬりて) • (nurite) ‖ 鐸(ぬて) • (nute) ‖ 鐸(さなき) • (sanaki) ‖ 鐸(たく) • (taku)
|a bell used for signaling • wind chime ‖ (historical) an ancient bell with a long handle used for signalling ‖ (historical) an ancient bell with a long handle used for signalling ‖ (historical) an ancient large iron bell used in rituals ‖ a large bell made of copper or bronze with a long handle on the top to grab and ring
|鐸 (eumhun 방울 탁 (bang'ul tak))
|Hanja form of 탁 (“bell”).
|
|鐸
|-
|鐺
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tong ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cing¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tong¹
|(onomatopoeia) Metallic sound: clank; clang • (literary) earring of women ‖ shallow, flat pan; griddle • an ancient type of pot with legs ‖ a type of small copper drum
|
|chain • tip of a scabbard • flatiron
|鐺 • (dang) · 鐺 • (dang) (hangeul 당, revised dang, McCune–Reischauer tang, Yale tang)
|
|wok
|鐺
|-
|鑒
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaam³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kàm
|(bronze) mirror • to inspect; to examine • to reflect; to mirror • to evaluate; to assess • perceptiveness; vigilance • reflection • lesson; example; warning • (historical) large reflective basin for holding water or ice
| ‖
| ‖
|鑒 (eumhun 거울 감 (geoul gam))
|Alternative form of 鑑 (“Hanja form of 감 (“mirror; inspection”).”)
|
|鑒
|-
|鑛
|
|
|
|ore
|鑛 (eumhun 쇳돌 광 (soetdol gwang))
|Hanja form of 광 (“mineral, ore”). • Hanja form of 광 (“mine”).
|mineral
|鑛
|-
|鑠
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : soek³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siak
|to melt by heat; to fuse (metal) • (literary) to weaken; to wear down • (archaic) to permeate; to seep into • fine; glorious • Alternative form of 爍／烁 (“bright; brilliant; glittering”)
|
|
|鑠 • (sak) · 鑠 • (sak) (hangeul 삭, revised sak, McCune–Reischauer sak, Yale sak)
|
|
|鑠
|-
|鑣
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : biu¹
|horse bit • (metonymically) horse, or any similar animal used for riding • Alternative form of 鏢／镖 (biāo, “dart; goods sent under the protection of an armed escort”)
|
|
|鑣 • (pyo) · 鑣 • (pyo) (hangeul 표, revised pyo, McCune–Reischauer p'yo, Yale phyo)
|
|
|鑣
|-
|鑰
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joek⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : io̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : io̍h
|Alternative form of 𨷲 (“bolt”) • lock (device or mechanism) • key (to a lock) • (figurative) key (to something) • (figurative) strategic place • a surname
|
|lock
|鑰 • (yak) · 鑰 • (yak) (hangeul 약, revised yak, McCune–Reischauer yak, Yale yak)
|
|
|鑰
|-
|鑲
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : soeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sionn
|to insert; to inlay; set; mount • to fill • to rim; to edge; to border
|
|
|鑲 • (yang) · 鑲 • (yang) (hangeul 양, revised yang, McCune–Reischauer yang, Yale yang)
|
|
|鑲
|-
|鑼
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lo⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lo⁴⁻² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo
|gong (Classifier: 面 m)
| ‖ 鑼(どら) • (dora)
|a gong ‖ Alternative spelling of 銅鑼: a gong
|鑼 • (ra>na) · 鑼 • (ra>na) (hangeul 라>나, revised ra>na, McCune–Reischauer ra>na, Yale la>na)
|
|
|鑼
|-
|鑽
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyun³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyun¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsǹg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuìnn ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyun³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsǹg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuìnn
|to drill; to bore • to study intensively • to go deep into or go through; to get into; to break through; to pierce • to secure personal gain ‖ drill; auger (tool) • diamond
|
|to start a fire (by friction)
|鑽 • (chan) · 鑽 • (chan) (hangeul 찬)
|
|
|鑽
|-
|鑾
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lyun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luân
|a bell attached to a carriage • the carriage of the emperor
|
|bell(s) attached to an emperor's carriage • emperor's carriage • emperor
|鑾 • (ran>nan) · 鑾 • (ran>nan) (hangeul 란>난, revised ran>nan, McCune–Reischauer ran>nan, Yale lan>nan)
|
|
|鑾
|-
|鑿
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄠˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zok⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zok⁶⁻² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsha̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tso̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsa̍k ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄠˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄠˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zok⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄠˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zok⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨˊ
|chisel • to bore; to cut a hole; to chisel • to dig • (obsolete) tool for tattooing the face as punishment • (literary) to interpret in a strained manner • (obsolete) Used in 鑿行／凿行. • (obsolete) Used in 鑿空／凿空 (záokōng). • (obsolete) feeling; emotion • (literary or Beijing Mandarin) to beat forcefully • (Hokkien) to stab; to pierce • (Mainland China Hokkien) to criticize with pointed words; to poke holes in people's holes or secrets • (Taiwanese Hokkien) feeling uncomfortable (when worn, etc.) ‖ hole; mortise • tunnel ‖ real; authentic; irrefutable • ^† Alternative form of 糳 (zuò, “to polish (rice)”) • ^† Alternative form of 糳 (zuò, “polished rice”) • Used in 鑿鑿／凿凿 (zuòzuò). ‖ ^† to carve • ^† Alternative form of 鏃／镞 (“arrow”)
|
|
|鑿 (eumhun 뚫을 착 (ttureul chak)) ‖ 鑿 (eumhun 구멍 조 (gumeong jo))
|Hanja form of 착 (“to bore; to pierce”). ‖ (archaic) Hanja form of 조 (“hole”).
|
|鑿
|-
|閂
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suan ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuànn
|bolt; latch; crossbar • to bolt; to latch • (Cantonese, dialectal Hakka) to close (a door, a gate, etc.) • (Cantonese) to switch off; to turn off ‖ bolt; latch; crossbar • to bolt; to latch; to lock
| ‖ 閂(かんぬき) • (kannuki) ^(←くわんぬき (kwannuki)?) ‖ 閂(かんぬき) • (Kannuki) ^(←くわんぬき (Kwannuki)?)
| ‖ a heavy, usually wooden, crossbar used to lock across double doors or gates of an entrance to a building, similar to a latch • (sumo) a grip in which one wrestler wraps his arms around both of his opponent’s arms and squeezes them together to maneuver the opponent for a kimedashi or kimetaoshi, or to weaken the opponent’s grip on the mawashi; a type of armbar ‖ a surname
|
|
|
|閂
|-
|閃
|Cantonese · Jyutping : sim² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siám ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sim² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : Siám ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : sinnh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sih • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sínn
|to dodge; to evade • to twist; to sprain; to pull a muscle • to flash • lightning; flash • to sparkle; to shine • sparkling; shiny • to rock; to sway • (dialectal) to leave behind • (Cantonese, colloquial) to leave, especially quickly or suddenly • (neologism) affectionate between couples • a surname ‖ Shem (Biblical character) ‖ (Southern Min) Alternative form of 爍／烁
| ‖ 閃(せん) • (Sen)
|flash • brandish ‖ a female given name
|閃 (eumhun 번쩍일 섬 (beonjjeogil seom))
|Hanja form of 섬 (“flash”).
|
|閃
|-
|閒
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haan⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haan⁴⁻² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : îng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uînn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : âinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hân
|not busy; idle • vacant; unoccupied; unused • leisurely and carefree • trivial; unimportant • unrelated to one's proper business; extraneous; belonging to others • relaxed; peaceful; tranquil; calm • leisure; spare time; free time • (gambling) player (instead of banker) • a surname • (Hakka) Alternative form of 還／还 (“very”)
|
|
|閒 • (han, gan) · 閒 • (han, gan) (hangeul 한, 간, revised han, gan, McCune–Reischauer han, kan, Yale han, kan)
|leisure, idle • peaceful, tranquil, calm
|
|閒
|-
|閔
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : man⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bín
|to pity; to feel compassion for • to worry; to concern • a surname
|
|
|閔 • (min) · 閔 • (min) (hangeul 민, revised min, McCune–Reischauer min, Yale min)
|
|
|閔
|-
|閘
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaap⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsa̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsa̍p
|sluice; floodgate • switch; breaker; brake • (chiefly Cantonese) gate (Classifier: 道 c) • to dam • (Cantonese, Southern Min) to block; to obstruct • (Hong Kong, soccer) fullback • a surname
|
|
|閘 • (gap) · 閘 • (gap) (hangeul 갑, revised gap, McCune–Reischauer kap, Yale kap)
|
|
|閘
|-
|閡
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngoi⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hat⁶
|to separate; to cut off
|
|blocked or separated • to prevent
|
|
|
|閡
|-
|閤
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gap³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gok³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kap ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hap⁶
|(literary) side door • throne room • (alt. form 閣) chamber; pavilion • (alt. form 閣) female quarters • a surname ‖ (alt. form 合, 闔) to close; to shut • (alt. form 闔) all of; whole of; entire
|
|
|閤 • (hap) · 閤 • (hap) (hangeul 합, revised hap, McCune–Reischauer hap, Yale hap)
|
|
|閤
|-
|閨
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwai¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kui • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ke
|(literary) small arched gate • boudoir; lady's chamber
|
|
|閨 • (gyu) · 閨 • (gyu) (hangeul 규, revised gyu, McCune–Reischauer kyu, Yale kyu)
|
|
|閨
|-
|閩
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄣˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : man⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : man⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bîn
|(historical) Min people (ancient ethnic group) • (～江) Min River (a river in Fujian, China) • Fujian • (～語, ～方言) Min languages • a surname
| ‖ 閩(びん) • (Bin)
| ‖ Min, one of the Ten Kingdoms of China
|閩 • (min) · 閩 • (min) (hangeul 민, revised min, McCune–Reischauer min, Yale min)
|
|
|閩
|-
|閭
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lû
|(literary) gate of a lane or alley • (literary) neighborhood; hamlet; lane; alley • (literary) neighborhood; hamlet; lane; alley · (historical) village or neighbourhood of twenty-five families (according to certain historical sources of various authenticity) • a surname
| ‖ 閭(りょ) • (ryo)
|rural area ‖ gate of a village
|閭 • (ryeo>yeo) · 閭 • (ryeo>yeo) (hangeul 려>여, revised ryeo>yeo, McCune–Reischauer ryŏ>yŏ, Yale lye>ye)
|
|
|閭
|-
|閲
|
|
| ‖ 閲(えつ) • (etsu) ‖ 閲(えつ) • (etsu)
|to review manuscripts; to read attentively • to inspect; to censor; to review troops ‖ read; view; examine; inspect • pass (of time); elapse ‖ (literary) viewing; reading; inspection
|閲 (eumhun 검열할 열 (geomyeolhal yeol))
|inspect
|
|閲
|-
|閻
|Cantonese · Jyutping : jim⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : giâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iâm
|village gate • a surname
|
|village gate • good-looking • used as a phonetic sign for the transcription of Sanskrit
|閻 • (yeom) · 閻 • (yeom) (hangeul 염, revised yeom, McCune–Reischauer yŏm, Yale yem)
|
|
|閻
|-
|闆
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baan² ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄢˇ
|Only used in 老闆／老板 (lǎobǎn). ‖ ^‡ to look from a door
|
|
|闆 • (ban) · 闆 • (ban) (hangeul 반, revised ban, McCune–Reischauer pan, Yale pan)
|inside the gate [door, window] • adult • landlord • plank
|
|闆
|-
|闈
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai⁴
|side door of the palace • imperial concubines' residence • one's parents' bedroom • women's quarters • (historical) imperial examination hall or room
|
|gate, door • living quarters
|闈 • (wi) · 闈 • (wi) (hangeul 위, revised wi, McCune–Reischauer wi, Yale wi)
|gate • royal palace • inner room
|
|闈
|-
|闊
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fut³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuah
|broad; wide • rich; wealthy • empty; impractical • (Hokkien) big (of someone's mouth)
|
|
|闊 • (hwal) · 闊 • (hwal) (hangeul 활, revised hwal, McCune–Reischauer hwal, Yale hwal)
|
|
|闊
|-
|闋
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kyut³
|(literary) to stop; to end • Classifier for songs, poems, etc. • Classifier for stanzas of a poem.
|
|close • shut • watch-tower • rest
|闋 • (gyeol) · 闋 • (gyeol) (hangeul 결, revised gyeol, McCune–Reischauer kyŏl, Yale kyel)
|
|
|闋
|-
|闌
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lân
|door screen • railing; fence • to exhaust; to use up; to end; to finish; to wane • late (in time)
|
|rise high • be well along
|闌 • (ran>nan) · 闌 • (ran>nan) (hangeul 란>난, revised ran>nan, McCune–Reischauer ran>nan, Yale lan>nan)
|
|
|闌
|-
|闐
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tin⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tin⁴
|Used in 闐闐／阗阗; also used as its short form. • (alt. form 填) to fill up ‖ Used in place names
|
|
|
|
|
|闐
|-
|闔
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hap⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ha̍p ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : kha̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khah
|(literary) door; door leaf • (literary) all of; whole of; entire • (literary) to close; to shut • Alternative form of 盍 (hé, “why not”) • a surname. ‖ (Southern Min) to close, leaving it slightly open • (Mainland China Hokkien) to be detained; to be held up; to get stuck
|
|to close; to shut • whole; entire; all • Alternative form of 扉 (“door”)
|闔 • (hap) · 闔 • (hap) (hangeul 합, revised hap, McCune–Reischauer hap, Yale hap)
|to close; to shut • whole; entire; all
|
|闔
|-
|闖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cam³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cong² • Cantonese · Jyutping : cong³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuàng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuànn
|to peek ‖ to rush in; to burst in • to break through; to charge • to lead to (a negative outcome); to incur; to bring about • a surname: Chuang
|
|rush in, burst in
|闖 • (teum) · 闖 • (teum) (hangeul 틈, revised teum, McCune–Reischauer t'ŭm, Yale thum)
|
|
|闖
|-
|闡
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cin² • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin² • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshián • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshán
|
|
|clarify • kanji used to transliterate Buddhist terms borrowed from Sanskrit
|闡 • (cheon) · 闡 • (cheon) (hangeul 천, revised cheon, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏn, Yale chen)
|
|
|闡
|-
|闢
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pi̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pi̍t
|to open • to settle; to develop; to open up
|
|
|闢 • (byeok) · 闢 • (byeok) (hangeul 벽, revised byeok, McCune–Reischauer pyŏk, Yale pyek)
|
|
|闢
|-
|阡
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cin¹
|(literary) footpaths between fields going north to south
|
|(financial, archaic) thousand
|阡 • (cheon) · 阡 • (cheon) (hangeul 천, revised cheon, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏn, Yale chen)
|
|chữ Hán form of thiên (“bank of a rice paddy”).
|阡
|-
|阮
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ńg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : guán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uínn ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : guán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gún ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢˊ
|a surname: Ruan, Yuen, Nguyễn • (historical) state of Ruan (a small state during the Shang Dynasty) • ruan (a Chinese long-necked fretted round-bodied plucked lute) ‖ (Southern Min, exclusive) we; our • (Hokkien) I; my ‖ The name of a mountain. • Alternative form of 原 (yuán), only used in 五阮關／五阮关.
|
|
|阮 • (wan, won) · 阮 • (wan, won) (hangeul 완, 원, revised wan, won, McCune–Reischauer wan, wŏn, Yale wan, wen)
|
|chữ Hán form of Nguyễn (“a surname from Chinese.”).
|阮
|-
|阱
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zing⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeng⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeng² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsíng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsínn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsénn
|pitfall, trap
|
|
|阱 (eum 정 (jeong))
|
|
|阱
|-
|陀
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : to⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄛˋ
|steep bank; rough terrain ‖ (literary) to collapse
|
|
|陀 (eum 타 (ta))
|
|Nôm form of đã (“to finish, conclude”). • Nôm form of đờ (“sluggish”).
|陀
|-
|陲
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi⁴
|frontier; border
|
|
|陲 • (su) · 陲 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu)
|
|
|陲
|-
|隍
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hông
|dry moat • the tutelary deity of a Chinese village, town, or city
|
|dry moat
|隍 • (hwang) · 隍 • (hwang) (hangeul 황, revised hwang, McCune–Reischauer hwang, Yale hwang)
|
|chữ Hán form of hoàng (“dry moat”).
|隍
|-
|随
|
|
| ‖ 随(ずい) • (zui) ‖ 随(ずい) • (zui) ^†-nari ‖ 随(まにま) • (manima)
|follow, though, notwithstanding • while, during, according to • to obey, submit, comply, act as one is told to ‖  ‖  ‖ following, accompaniment, compliance
|随 • (su) · 随 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu)
|
|
|随
|-
|隕
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ún ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun⁴
|to fall • (literary) to destroy • (literary) to lose • (obsolete) Alternative form of 殞／殒 (yǔn, “to die”) ‖ (obsolete) Alternative form of 員／员 (“surroundings”)
| ‖ 隕(いん) • (in) ^(←ゐん (win)?)
| ‖ fall; fall from the sky to the ground
|隕 (eumhun 떨어질 운 (tteoreojil un))
|Hanja form of 운 (“fall”).
|
|隕
|-
|隴
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lung⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lóng
|(～山) Mount Long, a mountain in Gansu, China • (～縣) Long County (a county of Shaanxi, China) • Alternative name for 甘肅／甘肃 (Gānsù, “Gansu”). • Alternative form of 壟／垄 (lǒng, “mound; ridge; grave”) • (literary, obsolete) to flourish • a surname
|
|hill • mound
|隴 • (rong>nong) · 隴 • (rong>nong) (hangeul 롱>농, revised rong>nong, McCune–Reischauer rong>nong, Yale long>nong)
|
|
|隴
|-
|隷
|
|
|
|subordinate, dependency
|
|
|
|隷
|-
|隸
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lē
|(historical) A class of lowly persons or servants in ancient China. • to be subordinate • clerical script
|
|Alternative form of 隷.
|隸 (eumhun 종 례 (jong rye), South Korea 종 예 (jong ye))
|Hanja form of 례/예 (“be subserviant to, servant”).
|
|隸
|-
|雉
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǐ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thī
|pheasant • crenellated wall • an ancient Chinese measuring unit of the area of walls equivalent to three chi in length by one chi in height
| ‖ 雉(きじ) or 雉(キジ) • (kiji)
|green pheasant ‖ a green pheasant
|雉 (eum 치 (chi))
|
|
|雉
|-
|雋
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : syun⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeon³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄣˋ
|(obsolete, especially of bird meat) plump; fatty; rich; delicious • (literary) meaningful; thought-provoking • a surname ‖ (literary) Alternative form of 俊 (jùn, “one who is superior in talent; superior in talent”)
|
|excel
|雋 • (jun) · 雋 • (jun) (hangeul 준, revised jun, McCune–Reischauer chun, Yale cwun)
|
|
|雋
|-
|雍
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iong
|(literary) harmony; peace • (literary) harmonious • Alternative form of 壅 (“to obstruct”) • Alternative form of 擁／拥 (yōng, “to hold”) • Alternative form of 饔 (yōng, “cooked food”) • a surname
|
|softening • mitigation
|雍 • (ong) · 雍 • (ong) (hangeul 옹, revised ong, McCune–Reischauer ong, Yale ong)
|
|
|雍
|-
|雛
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : co⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : co¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sû
|chick; fledgling • infant; toddler • young; small • Used in 鵷雛／鹓雏.
| ‖ 雛(ひな) • (hina) ‖ 雛(ひな) • (hina-) ‖ 雛(ひいな) • (hīna) ^(←ひひな (fifina)?) ‖ 雛(ひよこ) • (hiyoko) ‖ 雛(ひよっこ) • (hiyokko) ‖ 雛(すう) • (sū)
| ‖ a type of small doll, typically standing upright in the Heian period, changing style to a seated posture in the Muromachi period • short for 雛祭り (Hina matsuri) • a chick, a young bird: see the reading hiyoko below ‖ diminutive prefix, carrying favorable connotations such as a sense of cuteness ‖ (archaic) doll ‖ chick, young bird • child; youngling, greenhorn ‖ a chick, a young bird • a child; a youngling, a greenhorn ‖ young, new, a greenhorn
|雛 (eum 추 (chu))
|
|
|雛
|-
|雞
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gai¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kue • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ke • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kere
|chicken; fowl (Classifier: 隻／只 m c) • 10th of the Chinese zodiac animals (rooster) • (slang) female prostitute • (slang) penis • (Cantonese) whistle • (Cantonese, Hokkien) trigger (of a gun) • (Cantonese) weak; useless • (Cantonese, non-productive) Suffix for adjectives describing a weak or useless person. • (Cantonese) to fire; to sack • (Cantonese) Alternative form of 笄
|
|chicken (domesticated fowl) • bird
|雞 (eumhun 닭 계 (dak gye))
|Hanja form of 계 (“chicken”).
|chicken
|雞
|-
|雯
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : man⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bûn
|multicoloured clouds
|
|patter • rattle
|雯 • (mun) · 雯 • (mun) (hangeul 문, revised mun, McCune–Reischauer mun, Yale mun)
|
|
|雯
|-
|霆
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ting⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thîng ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tân
|thunderclap; thunder • lightning ‖ (Southern Min) to make a sound; to ring
|
|
|霆 • (jeong) · 霆 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng, Yale ceng)
|
|
|霆
|-
|霏
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fei¹
|falling of snow and rain
|
|haze • fall of snow
|霏 • (bi) · 霏 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi, Yale pi)
|
|
|霏
|-
|霑
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢ
|Alternative form of 沾 • (figurative) gratefulness of a lover
|
|moisten, soak, water
|霑 • (jeom) · 霑 • (jeom) (hangeul 점, revised jeom, McCune–Reischauer chŏm, Yale cem)
|
|
|霑
|-
|霓
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nî
|secondary rainbow
| ‖ 霓(にじ) • (niji)
|rainbow ‖ Alternative spelling of 虹
|霓 (eumhun 무지개 예 (mujigae ye))
|Hanja form of 예 (“rainbow”).
|霓 (nghê, nghi, nghé, mống)
|霓
|-
|霖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lam⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîm
|(literary) long spell of rain; continuous rain
|
|Rain spell, long rain
|霖 • (rim>im) · 霖 • (rim>im) (hangeul 림>임, revised rim>im, McCune–Reischauer rim>im, Yale lim>im)
|
|
|霖
|-
|霪
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jam⁴
|(literary) long and persistent rain
|
|rain lasting at least ten days
|霪 • (eum) · 霪 • (eum) (hangeul 음, revised eum, McCune–Reischauer ŭm, Yale um)
|
|
|霪
|-
|霽
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zai³
|(literary) to clear up after rain • to cease being angry • bright; sunny
|
|
|霽 • (je) · 霽 • (je) (hangeul 제, revised je, McCune–Reischauer che, Yale cey)
|
|
|霽
|-
|霾
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maai⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mai⁴
|fog; haze • misty; foggy • dust storm
|
|
|霾 • (mae) · 霾 • (mae) (hangeul 매, revised mae, McCune–Reischauer mae, Yale may)
|
|
|霾
|-
|靂
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lik⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : li̍k
|Only used in 霹靂／霹雳 (pīlì).
|
|thunder
|靂 (eumhun 벼락 력 (byeorak ryeok), South Korea 벼락 역 (byeorak yeok))
|Hanja form of 력/역 (“thunder”).
|
|靂
|-
|靄
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : oi²
|mist; haze
| ‖ 靄(もや) • (moya) ‖ 靄(あい) • (ai) ‖ 靄(あい) • (Ai)
| ‖ (meteorology, also figurative) mist ‖ mist, haze • mistiness, haziness ‖ a female given name
|靄 • (ae) · 靄 • (ae) (hangeul 애, revised ae, McCune–Reischauer ae, Yale ay)
|
|
|靄
|-
|静
|
|
| ‖ 静(せい) • (sei) ‖ 静(せい) • (sei) ‖ 静(じょう) • (jō) ‖ 静(じょう) • (jō) ^(←じやう (zyau)?)
|calm, quiet, silent ‖ quiet • still, unmoving ‖ stillness ‖ still, fixed, unmoving ‖ (Buddhism) equanimity, upekkhā, a state untroubled by attachment or aversion
|
|
|
|静
|-
|靛
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : din⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiānn
|indigo (dye) • indigo (colour)
|
|
|靛 • (jeon) · 靛 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen)
|
|
|靛
|-
|靦
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : min⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bián ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tin²
| ‖ Used in 靦腆／腼腆 (miǎntiǎn, “shy”).
|
|impudent • feel ashamed
|靦 • (jeon) · 靦 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen)
|
|
|靦
|-
|靨
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jip³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iap
|(literary) dimple (of the face)
| ‖ 靨(えくぼ) • (ekubo) ^(←ゑくぼ (wekubo)?)
|dimple ‖ a dimple (skin depression, especially at corners of the mouth)
|靨 • (yeop) · 靨 • (yeop) (hangeul 엽, revised yeop, McCune–Reischauer yŏp, Yale yep)
|
|
|靨
|-
|靼
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : daat³
|
|
|tanned skin • tartars
|靼 (eum 달 (dal))
|
|
|靼
|-
|鞅
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng² • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng³
|martingale (leather strap around a horse's neck) • (alt. form 怏) dissatisfied; discontented
|
|
|鞅 • (ang) · 鞅 • (ang) (hangeul 앙, revised ang, McCune–Reischauer ang, Yale ang)
|
|
|鞅
|-
|鞏
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gung² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khōng
|to fasten using a leather band • to secure; to consolidate • firm; secure • Alternative form of 栱 (gǒng, “post, pillar”) • Alternative form of 恐 (kǒng, “to fear”) • (～國) (historical) State of Gong (a small state during the Spring and Autumn period in modern-day Henan) • (～縣) (historical) Gong County (in modern-day Gongyi, Henan) • (～州) (historical) Gong Prefecture (in modern-day Gong County, Sichuan) • (～州) (historical) Gong Prefecture (in modern-day Longxi County, Gansu) • a surname. Gong
|
|
|鞏 (eum 공 (gong))
|
|
|鞏
|-
|鞘
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ciu³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saau¹
|scabbard; sheath • tube used to carry valuables ‖ thong
| ‖ 鞘(さや) • (saya)
| ‖ sheath • case • margin
|鞘 • (cho) · 鞘 • (cho) (hangeul 초, revised cho, McCune–Reischauer ch'o, Yale cho)
|
|
|鞘
|-
|鞣
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁴
|to tan (of hides, leather, etc.)
|
|
|鞣 • (yu) · 鞣 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu, Yale yu)
|
|
|鞣
|-
|鞦
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiu
|(in compounds or dialectal) swing (hanging seat)
| ‖ 鞦(しりがい) • (shirigai)
|
|鞦 • (chu) · 鞦 • (chu) (hangeul 추, revised chu, McCune–Reischauer ch'u, Yale chwu)
|
|
|鞦
|-
|韁
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄤ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : goeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiang
|bridle • reins
|
|reins • halter • bridle
|韁 • (gang) · 韁 • (gang) (hangeul 강, revised gang, McCune–Reischauer kang, Yale kang)
|reins • bridle
|
|韁
|-
|韃
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taat³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : that
|Used in 韃靼／鞑靼 (dádá). • General name for ethnic groups living in Northern China.
|
|Tatars
|韃 • (dal) · 韃 • (dal) (hangeul 달, revised dal, McCune–Reischauer tal, Yale tal)
|
|
|韃
|-
|韆
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cin¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshian • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khan
|(in compounds) swing (hanging seat)
|
|
|韆 • (cheon) · 韆 • (cheon) (hangeul 천, revised cheon, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏn, Yale chen)
|
|
|韆
|-
|韋
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uî
|(archaic) tanned leather • Original form of 圍／围 (wéi, “to surround”). • a surname
|
|
|韋 (eum 위 (wi))
|
|
|韋
|-
|韌
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngan⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lūn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jūn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lǔn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jīm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jīn
|strong; tough; robust; sturdy • (Cantonese) tough; hard to chew or cut
|
|
|
|
|
|韌
|-
|韜
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tou¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tho
|(literary) sheath; scabbard; bow case • (figuratively) to hide; to conceal • art of war; military strategies
|
|
|韜 (eum 도 (do))
|
|
|韜
|-
|韵
|
|
|
|
|韵 (eum 운 (un))
|
|
|韵
|-
|韶
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : siu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siâu
|(obsolete) name of a piece of music at the time of Emperor Shun • (literary) splendid; beautiful • (obsolete) to carry forward; to carry on • (obsolete) Nephelium chryseum (WP) • (～州) (historical) Shao (a former prefecture of Guangdong, China) • a surname
|
|
|韶 (eumhun 풍류 이름 소 (pungnyu ireum so)) · 韶 (eumhun 아름다울 소 (areumdaul so))
|
|
|韶
|-
|頁
|Cantonese · Jyutping : jip⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia̍h ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kit³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hia̍t
|sheet (of paper) • page • (computing) page • Classifier for pages. • (Mainland China Hokkien) to flip through (a book, document, etc.) • a surname: Ye ‖ head
| ‖
|big shell • page • leaf ‖
|頁 (eumhun 머리 혈 (meori hyeol)) · 頁 (eumhun 책 면 엽 (chaek myeon yeop))
|Hanja form of 엽 (“page”).
|
|頁
|-
|頡
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kit³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaat³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : git³
|to fly up • to straighten the neck • a surname ‖ to embezzle; to rob • Used in 頡羹／颉羹. ‖ Alternative form of 桔, only used in 頡皋／颉皋.
|
|
|頡 • (hil, gal) · 頡 • (hil, gal) (hangeul 힐, 갈, revised hil, gal, McCune–Reischauer hil, kal, Yale hil, kal)
|
|
|頡
|-
|頤
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : î
|(literary) chin; jaw; cheek • (literary) to nourish; to maintain one's health • 27th hexagram of the I Ching • a surname
|
|chin • jaw
|頤 (eum 이 (i))
|cheeks • jaw • chin • rear • to nourish
|
|頤
|-
|頰
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaap³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haap³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiap
|(anatomy) cheek
|
|cheeks • jaw
|頰 (eum 협 (hyeop))
|cheeks • jaw • amenity
|
|頰
|-
|頷
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ham⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ām • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ǎm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hām • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hǎm
|chin; jowl • to nod • (Southern Min) neck • a surname
|
|the chin; the lower jaw (あご) • to nod (うなずく)
|頷 • (am) · 頷 • (am) (hangeul 암)
|
|
|頷
|-
|頸
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geng² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ging² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kìng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kíng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄥˇ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : kún
|neck (Classifier: 條／条 c) • neck-like thing ‖ Used in colloquial words for the nape. ‖ Only used in 頷頸／颔颈 and its variants.
| ‖ 頸(くび) • (kubi)
| ‖ Alternative form of 首
|頸 (eumhun 목 경 (mok gyeong))
|Hanja form of 경 (“neck”). [affix]
|
|頸
|-
|頹
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : teoi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuē
|Alternative form of 禿／秃 (tū, “bald”) • to fall; to drop • to collapse; to disintegrate • to decline; to degenerate; to decay; to become dilapidated • dejected; depressed; down; listless • aged; old and feeble • (ideophonic) respectful and submissive • genitals of a male horse • (Cantonese) to be dispirited; to be depressed • a surname
|
|
|頹 • (toe) · 頹 • (toe) (hangeul 퇴, revised toe, McCune–Reischauer t'oe, Yale thoy)
|
|poor; bad; mediocre
|頹
|-
|顆
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fo² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khó • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kho • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khoo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kher • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khò
|Classifier for small round objects. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier
| ‖ 顆(か) • (-ka) ^(←くゎ (kwa)?) ‖ 顆(か) • (ka) ^(←くゎ (kwa)?)
|grain (e.g. rice) ‖ indicates small round things, such as gemstones, fruit, stones, tears ‖ a condyle
|顆 (eum 과 (gwa))
|grain, kernel
|
|顆
|-
|顏
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngaan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiânn
|(literary, anatomy) forehead, especially the glabellar area • countenance; facial expression • color; hue • prestige; dignity • a surname
|
|Kyūjitai form of 顔 (face; expression)
|顏 • (an) · 顏 • (an) (hangeul 안, McCune–Reischauer an, Yale an)
|face • facial appearance
|
|顏
|-
|顔
|
|
| ‖ 顔(かお) • (kao) ^(←かほ (kafo)?) ‖ 顔(がん) • (gan)
|face • expression ‖ a person's face • a person's reputation ‖ look; face; expression • color
|顔 (eumhun 얼굴 안 (eolgul an))
|Hanja form of 안 (“face”).
|
|顔
|-
|顛
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : din¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tian • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thian ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄢˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄢˋ
|top of the head; crown • top; peak; summit • to fall; to topple; to upset • inverted • to bump; to jerk; to jolt • Alternative form of 癲／癫 (diān, “to be crazy; to go mad”) • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 闐／阗 (tián, “full”) • Used in 顛顛／颠颠 (tiántián). ‖ Alternative form of 瑱 (“jade ornaments hung over the ears”)
| ‖
|Extended shinjitai form of 顚 ‖
|顛 • (jeon) · 顛 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen)
|Alternative form of 顚
|
|顛
|-
|顫
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsùn
|to shake; to vibrate; to tremble • to shiver; to tremble
|
|
|顫 • (jeon) · 顫 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen)
|
|
|顫
|-
|顰
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pan⁴
|(literary) to frown; to knit one's brows
|
|scowl, raised eyebrows
|顰 • (bin) · 顰 • (bin) (hangeul 빈, revised bin, McCune–Reischauer pin, Yale pin)
|
|
|顰
|-
|顱
|Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lû
|(anatomy) skull • (by extension) head • (anatomy) forehead
|
|
|顱 • (ro>no) · 顱 • (ro>no) (hangeul 로>노, revised ro>no, McCune–Reischauer ro>no, Yale lo>no)
|
|
|顱
|-
|颯
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saap³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sap
|(literary, onomatopoeia) sound of wind • valiant; grand • to decline; to wither • ^† suddenly
|
|storm • gust • gale
|颯 • (sap) · 颯 • (sap) (hangeul 삽, revised sap, McCune–Reischauer sap, Yale sap)
|
|
|颯
|-
|颱
|Cantonese · Jyutping : toi⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄞˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thai
|typhoon
|
|typhoon
|颱 • (tae) · 颱 • (tae) (hangeul 태, revised tae, McCune–Reischauer t'ae, Yale thay)
|typhoon
|
|颱
|-
|颳
|Cantonese · Jyutping : gwaat³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄚ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuah
|(of wind) to blow
|
|
|颳 • (gwal) · 颳 • (gwal) (hangeul 괄)
|
|
|颳
|-
|颶
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kū
|typhoon; hurricane
|
|
|颶 (eum 구 (gu))
|
|
|颶
|-
|颺
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iānn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iǎnn ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiûnn
|(Hokkien) to flutter • (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to fan • (Xiamen, Quanzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to wave away; to flick; to whisk • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to brandish something out to someone then immediately put it away ‖ (Taiwanese Hokkien) to let the wind blow
|
|soar • fly • float • scatter
|颺 • (yang) · 颺 • (yang) (hangeul 양, revised yang, McCune–Reischauer yang, Yale yang)
|fly
|
|颺
|-
|颼
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : suk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sau
|sound of wind • to blow (as of wind)
|
|
|颼 • (su) · 颼 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu)
|
|
|颼
|-
|飄
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : piu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiau
|to drift • to flutter (in the wind) • (of snow) to fall • complacent
| ‖ 飄(ひょう) • (hyō) ^(←へう (feu)?)
| ‖ whirlwind • (of wind) fluttering • transcendence • Alternative spelling of 嫖 (hyō):
|飄 • (pyo) · 飄 • (pyo) (hangeul 표, revised pyo, McCune–Reischauer p'yo, Yale phyo)
|
|
|飄
|-
|飜
|
|
| ‖ 飜(はん) • (-han)
|Kyūjitai form of 翻 ‖ (mahjong) doubles
|飜 (eumhun 뒤칠 번 (dwichil beon)) · 飜 (eumhun 번역할 번 (beonyeokhal beon)) · 飜 (eumhun 날 번 (nal beon))
|Hanja form of 번 (“flip over, upset, capsize”). • Hanja form of 번 (“translate”). • Hanja form of 번 (“fly, soar, circle in the air”).
|
|飜
|-
|飧
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : syun¹
|evening meal; supper; dinner • cooked food • to immerse cooked grain in water
|
|
|飧 • (son) · 飧 • (son) (hangeul 손, revised son, McCune–Reischauer son, Yale son)
|
|
|飧
|-
|飩
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄣˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tan¹
|Only used in 餛飩／馄饨.
|
|Japanese Noodles
|飩 (eum 돈 (don))
|
|
|飩
|-
|飪
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jam⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jam⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jīm
|to cook thoroughly
|
|
|飪 • (im) · 飪 • (im) (hangeul 임, revised im, McCune–Reischauer im, Yale im)
|
|
|飪
|-
|飭
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cik¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹
|(literary) to put in order; to readjust; to rectify • (literary) to order; to instruct • (literary) cautious; careful; prudent • (literary) Alternative form of 飾／饰 (shì, “to decorate; to adorn”)
|
|
|飭 • (chik) · 飭 • (chik) (hangeul 칙, revised chik, McCune–Reischauer ch'ik, Yale chik)
|
|strength
|飭
|-
|飴
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : î ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙˋ
|syrup or candy made from malt or rice • a kind of soft candy • (obsolete) sweet and delicious food • very sweet ‖ (obsolete) Alternative form of 飼／饲 (sì)
| ‖ 飴(あめ) or 飴(アメ) • (ame)
| ‖ candy
|飴 • (i, si) · 飴 • (i, si) (hangeul 이, 시, revised i, si, McCune–Reischauer i, si, Yale i, si)
|
|
|飴
|-
|餃
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiáu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : káu
|stuffed dumpling • (Teochew) wonton
|
|
|餃 • (gyo) · 餃 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, McCune–Reischauer kyo, Yale kyo)
|
|(only in compound há cảo and sủi cảo) dumpling
|餃
|-
|餉
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hoeng²
|(literary) to entertain with food and beverage • rations and pay for soldiers and other officials
| ‖ 餉(かれいい) • (kareii) ^(←かれいひ (kareifi)?)
|boiled rice • give, provide • food, diet ‖ Alternative spelling of 乾飯 (kareii): dried boiled rice
|餉 • (hyang) · 餉 • (hyang) (hangeul 향, revised hyang, McCune–Reischauer hyang, Yale hyang)
|
|
|餉
|-
|餒
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : neoi⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : noi⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lué
|hungry; starving; famished • discouraged; dispirited; disheartened • (literary, of fish) rotten; putrid
|
|
|餒 • (noe) · 餒 • (noe) (hangeul 뇌, revised noe, McCune–Reischauer noe, Yale noy)
|
|
|餒
|-
|餛
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan⁴
|Only used in 餛飩／馄饨 (húntun).
|
|
|餛 • (hon) · 餛 • (hon) (hangeul 혼, revised hon, McCune–Reischauer hon)
|
|
|餛
|-
|餞
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsián
|to give a farewell party; to see off; to send off • to preserve fruits in honey or syrup
| ‖ 餞(はなむけ) • (hanamuke) ‖ 餞(せん) • (sen) ‖
|farewell gift ‖ an exchange of farewells • a farewell or parting gift ‖ a farewell or parting gift ‖ to see someone depart
|餞 • (jeon) · 餞 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen)
|
|
|餞
|-
|餡
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢˋㄦ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haam⁶⁻² • Cantonese · Jyutping : haam⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ānn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hām
|filling (for dumplings, buns, etc.) • (Cantonese, figurative, informal, humorous) baby in the womb; embryo; fetus
| ‖ 餡(あん) • (an)
|bean jam ‖ bean jam
|餡 • (ham) · 餡 • (ham) (hangeul 함, revised ham, McCune–Reischauer ham, Yale ham)
|
|
|餡
|-
|餵
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uè
|to feed (animal, person) • to raise; to keep (animal)
|
|
|
|
|
|餵
|-
|餽
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwai⁶
|to make an offering to the gods • a surname
|
|
|餽 • (gwe) · 餽 • (gwe) (hangeul 궤, revised gwe, McCune–Reischauer kwe, Yale kwey)
|
|
|餽
|-
|餾
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄡˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄡˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄡˋ
| ‖
|
|steamed rice
|
|
|
|餾
|-
|餿
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : suk¹
|(of food) to spoil and stink
|
|
|
|
|
|餿
|-
|饅
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maan⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maan⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bûn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bân
|
|
|
|饅 • (man) · 饅 • (man) (hangeul 만, revised man, McCune–Reischauer man, Yale man)
|
|
|饅
|-
|饑
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ki
|crop failure; famine; a year in which harvest is poor • Alternative form of 飢／饥 (“hunger”)
|
|
|饑 • (gi) · 饑 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki)
|
|
|饑
|-
|饒
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiâu
|abundant; plentiful • to forgive; to have mercy on; to let off; to spare • (Mandarin, colloquial, often of the vendor) to give as a giveaway, or as an extra • (colloquial) even though; though; despite • a surname
|
|abundant
|饒 • (yo) · 饒 • (yo) (hangeul 요, revised yo, McCune–Reischauer yo, Yale yo)
|
|
|饒
|-
|饜
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ià
|to be full (after eating); to be satiated • to be satisfied
|
|be satiated • eat one's full
|饜 • (yeom) · 饜 • (yeom) (hangeul 염, revised yeom, McCune–Reischauer yŏm, Yale yem)
|be satiated • eat one's full
|
|饜
|-
|饞
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caam⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshâm ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : sâi
|gluttonous; greedy • lewd; lecherous ‖ (Southern Min) gluttonous; ravenous
|
|gluttonous • greedy • lewd • lecher
|饞 • (cham) · 饞 • (cham) (hangeul 참, revised cham, McCune–Reischauer ch'am, Yale cham)
|gluttonous • greedy • lewd • lecherous
|Nôm form of thèm (“to want; to crave”).
|饞
|-
|馥
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fuk¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fuk⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ
|(literary) fragrance; scent; aroma • (literary) fragrant; aromatic ‖ (onomatopoeia) sound of an arrow striking
|
|
|馥 • (bok) · 馥 • (bok) (hangeul 복, revised bok, McCune–Reischauer pok, Yale pok)
|
|
|馥
|-
|馭
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁶
|to drive a chariot or carriage • driver of a chariot or carriage • to control; to manage; to govern
|
|
|馭 (eum 어 (eo))
|
|horse (large four-legged animal)
|馭
|-
|馮
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pâng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hông ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pang⁴
|a place near modern Luoyang • a surname ‖ to gallop • (alt. form 淜, 憑／凭) to wade; to cross a river on foot • full; great • to covet • to bully • to seize; to encroach on • to climb; to ascend • Alternative form of 憑／凭 (píng, “to lean on”)
|
|(proper name character)
|馮 • (pung) · 馮 • (pung) (hangeul 풍, revised pung, McCune–Reischauer p'ung, Yale phung)
|
|a Vietnamese surname
|馮
|-
|馱
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : to⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuâ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : do⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tō • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tōo
|to carry on the back (especially by a pack animal) ‖ load carried by a pack animal
|
|
|馱 (eum 타 (ta))
|
|
|馱
|-
|馳
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tî
|to speed; to gallop • to spread afar • (literary) to long for; to be eager for • (literary) to chase
|
|
|馳 • (chi) · 馳 • (chi) (hangeul 치, revised chi, McCune–Reischauer ch'i, Yale chi)
|
|
|馳
|-
|馴
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄣˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceon⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sûn
|"tame; docile: obedient • to tame • 77th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; ""compliance"" (𝍒)"
|
|get used to • experienced • tamed
|馴 • (sun, hun) · 馴 • (sun, hun) (hangeul 순, 훈, revised sun, hun, McCune–Reischauer sun, hun, Yale swun, hwun)
|
|
|馴
|-
|駁
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bok³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : poh
|(of a horse's fur) variegated • mixed; heterogenous; impure • to refute; to rebut • to transport by barge • barge; lighter • suddenly • (Cantonese) to connect • Alternative form of 駮／驳 (bó, “a mythical beast that can eat tigers”)
|
|variegated • mixed, heterogenous • refute, disprove
|駁 (eumhun 논박할 박 (nonbakhal bak))
|Hanja form of 박 (“to refute; to rebut”).
|
|駁
|-
|駑
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nou⁴
|
|
|
|駑 (eum 노 (no))
|
|
|駑
|-
|駕
|Cantonese · Jyutping : gaa³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kà • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kèe
|to harness; to yoke (an animal, e.g. to a cart) • to drive (a vehicle); to sail (a ship); to fly (a plane) • to direct; to control; to harness • (historical) cart; carriage • (historical) emperor's carriage • (figurative) emperor (especially on a journey) • (Classical) distance a horse travels in a day • giddyup (interjection)
| ‖ 駕(が) • (ga) ^(←が (ga)?)
| ‖ vehicle; horse-drawn carriage
|駕 (eumhun 멍에 가 (meong'e ga))
|Hanja form of 가 (“cart; carriage”).
|
|駕
|-
|駙
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hū
|
|
|extra horse • imperial son-in-law
|駙 (eum 부 (bu))
|side horse • close • fast
|
|駙
|-
|駛
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sai² • Cantonese · Jyutping : si² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sái • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sír
|to run quickly; to dash; to scamper; to gallop • to drive (a vehicle); to sail (a vessel); to fly (an aircraft) • (Cantonese) Alternative form of 使 (sai2, “to need to; to need”)
|
|
|駛 • (sa) · 駛 • (sa) (hangeul 사, revised sa, McCune–Reischauer sa, Yale sa)
|
|
|駛
|-
|駝
|Cantonese · Jyutping : to⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄛˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tôo
|camel • to be humpbacked; to be hunchbacked • to carry on the back
|
|hump
|駝 (eumhun 낙타 타 (nakta ta))
|Hanja form of 타 (“camel”).
|
|駝
|-
|駟
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : si³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sù
|a vehicle drawn by four horses • a horse • to drive; to ride • (archaic) Classifier for vehicles drawn by four horses. • (archaic) Classifier for horses. • a surname
|
|
|駟 (eum 사 (sa))
|
|
|駟
|-
|駢
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pin⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ping⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiân
|two horses that are side-by-side • side-by-side; parallel; antithetical
|
|
|駢 • (byeon, byeong) · 駢 • (byeon, byeong) (hangeul 변, 병, revised byeon, byeong, McCune–Reischauer pyŏn, pyŏng, Yale pyen, pyeng)
|
|
|駢
|-
|駭
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haai⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haai⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hoi⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hoi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hǎi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hāi
|terrify, frighten • (computing) to hack
|
|be surprised
|駭 • (hae) · 駭 • (hae) (hangeul 해, revised hae, McCune–Reischauer hae, Yale hay)
|terrify, frighten, scare • shock
|
|駭
|-
|駱
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lok³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lok⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lo̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lo̍k
|(obsolete) white horse with black mane • (obsolete) Luoyue (Lạc Việt) • Used in 駱駝／骆驼 (luòtuo, “camel”). • a surname
|
|
|駱 • (rak>nak) · 駱 • (rak>nak) (hangeul 락>낙, revised rak>nak, McCune–Reischauer rak>nak, Yale lak>nak)
|
|
|駱
|-
|駿
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeon³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsùn
|excellent horse; noble steed
| ‖ 駿(しゅん) • (Shun)
| ‖ a male given name
|駿 • (jun, sun) · 駿 • (jun, sun) (hangeul 준, 순, revised jun, sun, McCune–Reischauer chun, sun, Yale cwun, swun)
|
|
|駿
|-
|騁
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ping³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cing² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phìng
|to gallop; to run • to give free rein to; to release from constraints • to put to use; to showcase
|
|
|騁 • (bing, jeong) · 騁 • (bing, jeong) (hangeul 빙, 정, revised bing, jeong, McCune–Reischauer ping, chŏng, Yale ping, ceng)
|
|
|騁
|-
|騖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mou⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bū
|
|
|gallop • rush about • pursue • run
|騖 (eum 무 (mu))
|run • sprint
|
|騖
|-
|騙
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pin³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiàn
|to deceive; to fool • to swindle; to cheat out of; to defraud • to mount (a horse) by swinging a leg across
|
|
|騙 (eum 편 (pyeon))
|
|
|騙
|-
|騫
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hin¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khian • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hian
|
|
|
|騫 (eum 건 (geon))
|
|
|騫
|-
|騾
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lo⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lêr
|mule (offspring of a donkey and a horse, sometimes specifically the offspring of a male donkey and a female horse) (Classifier: 匹 m; 頭／头 m; 隻／只 mn)
|
|
|騾 • (ra>na) · 騾 • (ra>na) (hangeul 라>나, revised ra>na, McCune–Reischauer ra>na, Yale la>na)
|
|
|騾
|-
|驀
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mak⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maak⁶
|suddenly; quickly; abruptly
|
|
|驀 (eum 맥 (maek))
|
|
|驀
|-
|驃
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄠ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : piu³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : biu¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : piu³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : biu¹
|(literary) horse with a yellow coat and white spots ‖ (literary, of horses) swift • (literary) valiant • (historical) Pyu city-states
|
|
|驃 • (pyo) · 驃 • (pyo) (hangeul 표, revised pyo, McCune–Reischauer p'yo, Yale phyo)
|
|chữ Hán form of phiêu (“a rapid or courageous steed”).
|驃
|-
|驕
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : giu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiau
|(likely obsolete) large horse • haughty; arrogant
|
|
|驕 (eum 교 (gyo))
|
|
|驕
|-
|驟
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄡˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaau⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zau⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsōo
|to gallop; to run • sudden; abrupt • suddenly; abruptly • frequently; repeatedly • (of a horse) fast
|
|
|驟 (eumhun 달릴 취 (dallil chwi))
|
|
|驟
|-
|驢
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lî
|donkey; ass (Classifier: 頭／头 m; 條／条 m; 匹 m; 隻／只 c mn)
|
|
|驢 (eum 려 (ryeo), South Korea 여 (yeo))
|
|
|驢
|-
|驥
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei³
|(literary) horse that can travel 1000 li in a day; fine steed • (figurative) proficient person; refined and virtuous person
|
|fast horse • talent
|驥 (eum 기 (gi))
|thoroughbred horse • refined and virtuous
|
|驥
|-
|驪
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˊ
|(literary) pure black horse • (～山) Mount Li in Shaanxi province • (alt. form 孋／㛤) historical tribe in ancient China • a surname ‖ Only used in 驪靬／骊靬 (Chíqián).
|
|pair of horses • lustrous black horse
|驪 • (ryeo>yeo) · 驪 • (ryeo>yeo) (hangeul 려>여, revised ryeo>yeo, McCune–Reischauer ryŏ>yŏ, Yale lye>ye)
|A pure black horse • A pair of horses
|
|驪
|-
|骯
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ong¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kong³
|Only used in 骯髒／肮脏 (āngzāng). ‖ Only used in 骯髒／肮脏 (kǎngzǎng).
|
|
|骯 • (hang) · 骯 • (hang) (hangeul 항, revised hang, McCune–Reischauer hang, Yale hang)
|
|
|骯
|-
|骰
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄡˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄞˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tau⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiô
|die (polyhedron used in games of chance)
|
|
|骰 (eum 투 (tu))
|
|
|骰
|-
|骷
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu¹
|
|
|
|骷 • (go) · 骷 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko)
|
|
|骷
|-
|骼
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaak³
|bones • Used in 骨骼 (gǔgé, “skeleton”).
|
|
|骼 • (gyeok) · 骼 • (gyeok) (hangeul 격, revised gyeok, McCune–Reischauer kyŏk, Yale kyek)
|
|
|骼
|-
|髏
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau⁴
|Only used in 髑髏／髑髅 (dúlóu, “skull”).
|
|skull
|髏 (eumhun 해골 루 (haegol ru), South Korea 해골 누 (haegol nu))
|Hanja form of 루/누 (“skull”).
|
|髏
|-
|髒
|Cantonese · Jyutping : zong¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄤ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsòng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄤˇ
|dirty; filthy; soiled; foul • to make dirty; to soil; to besmirch; to sully; to stain; to defile; to contaminate • (euphemistic) haunted; possessed by supernatural forces ‖ Only used in 骯髒／肮脏 (kǎngzǎng).
|
|
|髒 • (jang) · 髒 • (jang) (hangeul 장, revised jang, McCune–Reischauer chang, Yale cang)
|
|
|髒
|-
|髦
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mou⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mou⁴⁻¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : môo
|(literary) horse's mane • (literary) outstanding person • (literary) fangs of children • (literary, figurative) child
|
|
|髦 • (mo) · 髦 • (mo) (hangeul 모, revised mo, McCune–Reischauer mo, Yale mo)
|
|
|髦
|-
|髭
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi¹
|moustache
|
|mustache
|髭 (eum 자 (ja))
|
|
|髭
|-
|髯
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim⁶
|whiskers; beard • person with a lot of beard
|
|sideburns, whiskers (cheek hair)
|髯 (eumhun 구레나룻 염 (gurenarut yeom))
|Alternative form of 髥 (“Hanja form of 염 (“beard; mustache”).”)
|
|髯
|-
|髻
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gai³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kèr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuè
|hair worn in a bun or coil; topknot
|
|
|髻 • (gye) · 髻 • (gye) (hangeul 계, revised gye, McCune–Reischauer kye, Yale kyey)
|
|
|髻
|-
|鬃
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsang
|mane • (Southern Min) hair • (Teochew, Leizhou Min, Hainanese) hair worn in a bun or coil; bun
|
|
|
|
|
|鬃
|-
|鬆
|Cantonese · Jyutping : sung¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : song ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄥˋ
|^† (of hair) disheveled; unkempt • loose (not fixed in place tightly) • loose; relaxed • to loosen; to relax • useless • dried minced meat • (Cantonese) to leave • (Cantonese) financially solvent • (Cantonese, after numbers) to exceed by a little; to be a little over • (Cantonese, mahjong) Short for 鬆章／松章. ‖ Only used in 𩭩鬆.
|
|
|鬆 • (song) · 鬆 • (song) (hangeul 송, revised song, McCune–Reischauer song, Yale song)
|
|
|鬆
|-
|鬍
|Cantonese · Jyutping : wu⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ôo
|beard; moustache; whiskers
|
|
|鬍 • (ho) · 鬍 • (ho) (hangeul 호, revised ho, McCune–Reischauer ho, Yale ho)
|
|
|鬍
|-
|鬚
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sou¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : su • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si
|beard; whisker (Classifier: 條／条 c) • antenna; feeler • whisker-like
|
|beard
|鬚 (eumhun 수염 수 (suyeom su))
|Hanja form of 수 (“beard”).
|
|鬚
|-
|鬢
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ban³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pìn
|hair on temples
|
|
|鬢 • (bin) · 鬢 • (bin) (hangeul 빈, revised bin, McCune–Reischauer pin, Yale pin)
|
|
|鬢
|-
|鬥
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tàu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tòo
|to fight; to struggle • to make animals fight • to contend; to compete with • to strive one's best • (archaic) (of stars) to collide with each other • chaotic; disorderly, helter-skelter • to take the opportunity to ...; to do something while it's ... • to meet; to encounter; to face • to face; to confront; to front; to be opposite • to piece together; to fit together • (dialectal) to help; to assist • (dialectal) very, quite • (dialectal) to collude, to plot • fine tea; tea of the best quality • (dialectal) bird nest • Alternative form of 逗 (dòu, “to tease, to play with”) • Alternative form of 兜 (dōu, “to solicit (customers or business)”) • Alternative form of 陡 (dǒu, “suddenly, in a sudden”) • a surname
| ‖ 鬥(たたかいがまえ) or 鬥(とうがまえ) • (tatakaigamae or tōgamae)
|to fight ‖ the kanji radical 鬥
|鬥 (eumhun 싸울 투 (ssaul tu))
|Alternative form of 鬪 (“Hanja form of 투 (“fight”).”)
|chữ Hán form of đấu (“fight”).
|鬥
|-
|鬧
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naau⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lā
|to be noisy • to create a disturbance • (of disease, disaster, or other negative events) to occur • (Cantonese) to scold
|
|to be noisy • to create a disturbance • to disturb • lively; bustling
|鬧 • (ryo>yo, nyo>yo) · 鬧 • (ryo>yo, nyo>yo) (hangeul 료>요, 뇨>요, revised ryo>yo, nyo>yo, McCune–Reischauer ryo>yo, nyo>yo, Yale lyo>yo, nyo>yo)
|
|
|鬧
|-
|鬨
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung³
|to fight; to combat • to cause a commotion or disturbance
| ‖ 鬨(とき) • (toki)
|battle cry ‖ battle cry
|鬨 • (hong, hang) · 鬨 • (hong, hang) (hangeul 홍, 항, revised hong, hang, McCune–Reischauer hong, hang, Yale hong, hang)
|
|
|鬨
|-
|魘
|Cantonese · Jyutping : jim² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jip³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˇ
|^⁜ a nightmare; bad dream • Used in 夢魘／梦魇 (mèngyǎn, “a nightmare; bad dream”).
|
|To have a nightmare • To make a noise during a nightmare
|魘 • (yeom) · 魘 • (yeom) (hangeul 염, revised yeom, McCune–Reischauer yŏm, Yale yem)
|
|
|魘
|-
|魯
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lóo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lóo ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : luh
|foolish; stupid; rash • vulgar ‖ (～國) (historical) Lu (vassal state during the Zhou Dynasty of ancient China in modern day Shandong) • Short for 山東／山东 (Shāndōng, “Shandong”). • Used in 魯肉飯／鲁肉饭. • a surname ‖ Used in 阿沙不魯／阿沙不鲁. • Used in 米魯／米鲁.
|
|foolish; stupid • (historical) Lu (state) (vassal state during the Zhou Dynasty of ancient China) • (dated) short form for Russia (魯西亜) • a surname
|魯 (eum 로 (ro), South Korea 노 (no))
|
|
|魯
|-
|魷
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁴⁻² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iû
|Only used in 魷魚／鱿鱼 (yóuyú, “squid”); also used as its short form.
|
|
|
|
|
|魷
|-
|鮑
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baau⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baau¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pâu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baau⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : Pāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : Pǎu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : Pau ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄠˋ
|(literary) salted fish ‖ abalone ‖ a surname ‖ (obsolete) Synonym of 鞄 (páo, “leather craftsman”)
| ‖ 鮑(あわび) • (awabi) ^(←あはび (afabi)?)
|abalone ‖ abalone
|鮑 • (po) · 鮑 • (po) (hangeul 포, revised po, McCune–Reischauer p'o, Yale pho)
|
|
|鮑
|-
|鮫
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kau
|(literary, or in compounds) porbeagle shark (scaleless cartilaginous fish)
| ‖ 鮫(さめ) or 鮫(サメ) • (same)
|shark ‖ a shark (fish)
|鮫 • (gyo) · 鮫 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo, Yale kyo)
|
|
|鮫
|-
|鯉
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lě • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tāi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tai • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tâi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǎi
|carp, especially the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) • (literary, figuratively) letter; correspondence • (literary, figuratively) messenger
| ‖ 鯉(こい) or 鯉(コイ) • (koi) ^(←こひ (kofi) or コヒ (kofi)?) ‖ 鯉(こい) • (Koi) ^(←こひ (kofi)?)
| ‖ carp, specifically, the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) ‖ a surname
|鯉 • (ri>i) · 鯉 • (ri>i) (hangeul 리>이, revised ri>i, McCune–Reischauer ri>i, Yale li>i)
|
|
|鯉
|-
|鯊
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sua
|^† a kind of small fish • shark
| ‖ 鯊(はぜ) or 鯊(ハゼ) • (haze)
| ‖ goby
|鯊 • (sa) · 鯊 • (sa) (hangeul 사)
|(uncommon) shark
|
|鯊
|-
|鯽
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zik¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zak¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsit • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiak
|Carassius auratus, crucian carp
| ‖ 鯽(ふな) or 鯽(フナ) • (funa)
| ‖ Alternative spelling of 鮒
|鯽 • (jeuk) · 鯽 • (jeuk) (hangeul 즉, revised jeuk, McCune–Reischauer chŭk, Yale cuk) ‖ 鯽 • (jeok) · 鯽 • (jeok) (hangeul 적, revised jeok, McCune–Reischauer chŏk, Yale cek)
|Carassius auratus, crucian carp ‖ certain kind of squid or cuttlefish
|
|鯽
|-
|鰍
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiu
|loach
|
|young Japanese amberjack; young yellowtail • bullhead
|鰍 • (chu) · 鰍 • (chu) (hangeul 추, revised chu, McCune–Reischauer ch'u, Yale chwu)
|
|
|鰍
|-
|鰓
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄞ • Cantonese · Jyutping : soi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sai ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saai²
|fish gill ‖ Only used in 鰓鰓／鳃鳃.
|
|
| ‖
|gill ‖
|gill
|鰓
|-
|鰥
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwaan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuan
|widower • widowed • (obsolete) yellowcheek (Elopichthys bambusa)
|
|widower
|鰥 • (hwan) · 鰥 • (hwan) (hangeul 환, revised hwan, McCune–Reischauer hwan, Yale hwan)
|
|
|鰥
|-
|鰭
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kî
|(anatomy, ichthyology) fish fin
| ‖ 鰭(ひれ) • (hire)
|fin ‖ fin (of a fish)
|鰭 (eum 기 (gi))
|
|
|鰭
|-
|鰱
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lin⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liân
|(～魚) any fish of the genus Hypophthalmichthys, especially the silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)
| ‖ 鰱(たなご) or 鰱(タナゴ) • (tanago)
|silver carp • fish of genus Hypophthalmichthys ‖ a bitterling (a small fish of the carp family)
|鰱 (eum 련 (ryeon), South Korea 연 (yeon))
|salmon
|
|鰱
|-
|鰻
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄢˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maan⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mun⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : muâ
|eel
| ‖ 鰻(むなぎ) • (munagi) ‖ 鰻(うなぎ) or 鰻(ウナギ) • (unagi) ‖ 鰻(うな) • (una) ‖ 鰻(う) • (u)
|eel ‖ (archaic, possibly obsolete) an eel ‖ eel, especially the Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) ‖ (only in compounds) Synonym of うなぎ (see above). ‖ (only in compounds) Synonym of うなぎ (see above).
|鰻 (eumhun 뱀장어 만 (baemjang'eo man))
|
|
|鰻
|-
|鰾
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : piu⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : biu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piō • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piǒ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pio • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piǎu
|swim bladder; air bladder (of fish) • fish glue; isinglass • (dialectal) to glue with fish glue; (by extension) to gather; to bring together • (dialectal) to bet; to contend
|
|
|鰾 • (pyo) · 鰾 • (pyo) (hangeul 표, revised pyo, McCune–Reischauer p'yo, Yale phyo)
|
|
|鰾
|-
|鱔
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siān
|eel; swamp eel • (Hong Kong Cantonese) resembling advertorial • (Hong Kong Cantonese, triad slang) four
|
|
|鱔 (eum 선 (seon))
|
|
|鱔
|-
|鱖
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwai³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kyut³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kèr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kè ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kyut³
|mandarin fish; Chinese perch ‖ Only used in 鱖鯞／鳜𫚡 (juézhǒu).
|
|
|鱖 • (gwol, gwe) · 鱖 • (gwol, gwe) (hangeul 궐, 궤, revised gwol, gwe, McCune–Reischauer kwŏl, kwe, Yale kwel, kwey)
|(쏘가리 궐) mandarin fish
|
|鱖
|-
|鱗
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leon⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîn
|scale (of a fish, reptile, etc) • scaly • fish (and other scaly animals) • a surname
| ‖ 鱗(うろこ) • (uroko) ‖ 鱗(いろこ) • (iroko) ‖ 鱗(うろくず) • (urokuzu) ^(←うろくづ (urokudu)?) ‖ 鱗(いろくず) • (irokuzu) ^(←いろくづ (irokudu)?) ‖ 鱗(こけ) • (koke) ‖ 鱗(こけら) • (kokera) ‖ 鱗(りん) • (-rin)
|scales • scaly ‖ scale (of a fish, reptile, etc) • (typography) serif (on Chinese characters) ‖ scale (of a fish, reptile, etc) • scaled animal • dandruff ‖ scale of a fish • fish ‖ scale (of a fish, reptile, etc) • scaled animal ‖ scale (of a fish, reptile, etc) ‖ scale (of a fish, reptile, etc) ‖ counter for scales of a fish • counter for fish
|
|scale (of fish or reptiles)
|
|鱗
|-
|鱷
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngok⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : go̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kho̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngo̍k
|crocodilian; crocodile; alligator
|
|
|
|
|
|鱷
|-
|鱸
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁴
|bass; perch (fish)
| ‖ 鱸(すずき) or 鱸(スズキ) • (suzuki) ‖ 鱸(すずき) • (Suzuki)
|sea bass ‖ Japanese sea bass ‖ Suzuki (neighborhoods in Japan): · A neighborhood of Akita, Akita. • Suzuki (neighborhoods in Japan): · A neighborhood of Niigata, Niigata. • a surname
|鱸 (eum 로 (ro), South Korea 노 (no))
|(농어 (nong'eo)) sea bass, sea perch
|
|鱸
|-
|鳩
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kau¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiu
|pigeon; dove (family Columbidae) • (literary) to gather; to assemble • (Cantonese, Pingnan Min, vulgar) penis (sometimes especially erect) (Classifier: 轆／辘 c; 條／条 c) • (Cantonese, vulgar) fucking (intensifier) • (Cantonese, vulgar) Negates the meaning of the sentence. • (Cantonese, vulgar) stupid; dumb • (Cantonese, vulgar) recklessly • (Cantonese, vulgar) unseriously • (Cantonese, vulgar) without aim or plan • (Cantonese, vulgar) thoughtlessly • (Cantonese, vulgar) unreasonably; lacking in reason
| ‖ 鳩(はと) or 鳩(ハト) • (hato) ‖ 鳩(きゅう) • (kyū) ^(←きう (kiu)?)
| ‖ pigeon, dove (bird of genus Columba) ‖ pigeon, dove • (by extension) gather together (from the way that pigeons flock together)
|鳩 • (gu) · 鳩 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu)
|pigeon, dove • collect, assemble
|
|鳩
|-
|鳶
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iân
|hawk; kite, especially the black kite (Milvus migrans) • kite (aircraft)
|
|kite
|
|
|
|鳶
|-
|鴆
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zam⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thim
|(Chinese mythology) the zhenniao (a hawk-like, snake-eating bird with poisonous feathers) • poisonous • to poison • poison
|
|
|鴆 (eum 짐 (jim))
|
|
|鴆
|-
|鴉
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : a
|crow; raven
|
|
|鴉 • (a) · 鴉 • (a) (hangeul 아)
|
|chữ Hán form of nha (“crow, raven”). • Nôm form of ác (“crow, raven”).
|鴉
|-
|鴕
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : to⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tôo
|ostrich
|
|
|鴕 • (ta) · 鴕 • (ta) (hangeul 타, revised ta, McCune–Reischauer t'a, Yale tha)
|
|
|鴕
|-
|鴛
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uan
|male mandarin duck (when used in 鴛鴦／鸳鸯 (yuānyāng)) • Alternative form of 鵷／鹓 (yuān)
|
|
|鴛 • (won) · 鴛 • (won) (hangeul 원, revised won, McCune–Reischauer wŏn, Yale wen)
|
|
|鴛
|-
|鴣
|Cantonese · Jyutping : gu¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : koo
|Used in names of birds.
|
|
|鴣 • (go) · 鴣 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko)
|
|
|鴣
|-
|鴦
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ionn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iong
|female mandarin duck
|
|
|鴦 • (ang) · 鴦 • (ang) (hangeul 앙, revised ang, McCune–Reischauer ang, Yale ang)
|
|
|鴦
|-
|鴨
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aap³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aap³⁻² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ap
|duck (Classifier: 隻／只 c) • (slang) male prostitute (Classifier: 隻／只 c) • (Mainland China Mandarin, neologism, slang) Eye dialect spelling of 呀 (ya, “sentence-final particle”).
| ‖ 鴨(かも) or 鴨(カモ) • (kamo) ‖ 鴨(かも) • (Kamo) ‖ 鴨(あひる) • (ahiru)
| ‖ a duck • (slang) (from the way ducks return to the same place and are thus easy to hunt) a mark or easy target for a swindle, someone who is likely to lose at gambling or other competition • (slang) (from the good flavor of duck meat) short for 鴨の味 (kamo no aji, “duck flavor”): a very good flavor; by extension, any remarkably good sensation or feeling, particularly describing happy married life • (slang) (from the uniform of black clothing) short for 黒鴨 (kurogamo, “black duck”): a male servant, such as a butler or chauffeur (compare English penguin) ‖ a surname • any of various places, particularly in Kyoto ‖ (rare) alternative spelling of 家鴨: a domestic duck, Anas platyrhynchos var. domesticus, descended from the mallard
|鴨 (eumhun 오리 압 (ori ap))
|
|
|鴨
|-
|鴿
|Cantonese · Jyutping : gaap³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gap³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kap
|pigeon; dove • (neologism, Internet slang, humorous) Short for 放鴿子／放鸽子 (fàng gēzi).
|
|
|
|
|
|鴿
|-
|鵑
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gyun¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuan
|Only used in 杜鵑／杜鹃 (dùjuān, “cuckoo”); also used as its short form.
|
|
|鵑 (eum 견 (gyeon))
|
|
|鵑
|-
|鵝
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngo⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngo⁴⁻² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : giâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngôo
|domestic goose (as opposed to a wild goose – 雁 (yàn)) (Classifier: 隻／只 m c mn)
|
|Alternative form of 鵞: goose
|鵝 • (a) · 鵝 • (a) (hangeul 아)
|(거위 아, geowi-): domesticated goose that would not fly at all, in contrast with the wild goose (雁 (기러기 안, gireogi-an)) whose skein flies in wedge or cuneiform. • (기러기 아, gireogi-): wild goose
|
|鵝
|-
|鵠
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : huk⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : guk¹
|(literary) swan • (literary) white • a surname ‖ bullseye (centre of a target)
|
|
|鵠 • (gok, hok) · 鵠 • (gok, hok) (hangeul 곡, 혹, revised gok, hok, McCune–Reischauer kok, hok, Yale kok, hok)
|(고니 곡, goni-): swan, genus Cygnus. • (과녁 곡, gwanyeok-): target.
|
|鵠
|-
|鵡
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mou⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bú
|Only used in 鸚鵡／鹦鹉 (yīngwǔ).
|
|cockatoo
|鵡 (eumhun 앵무새 무 (aengmusae mu))
|Hanja form of 무 (“parrot”).
|
|鵡
|-
|鵪
|Cantonese · Jyutping : am¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : am • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ian
|quail (originally refers to those without spots on feathers)
|
|
|
|
|
|鵪
|-
|鵬
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paang⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phn̂g
|(Chinese mythology) peng (enormous bird)
| ‖ 鵬(ほう) or 鵬(ぼう) • (hō or bō) ‖ 鵬(ほう) • (Hō)
|peng (fabled large bird) ‖ (Chinese mythology) peng: a fabled large bird thought to have wings measuring 3,000 li and can soar up to 90,000 li ‖ a male or female given name
|鵬 (eumhun 대붕 붕 (daebung bung))
|
|
|鵬
|-
|鵲
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coek³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoek³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiak
|magpie
| ‖ 鵲(かささぎ) or 鵲(カササギ) • (kasasagi) ‖ 鵲(かささぎ) • (Kasasagi) ‖ 鵲(じゃく) • (jaku)
| ‖ the Eurasian magpie, Pica pica ‖ (historical) an 鴻 (Ōtori)-class torpedo boat of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II • a surname ‖ Eurasian magpie
|鵲 • (jak) · 鵲 • (jak) (hangeul 작, revised jak, McCune–Reischauer chak, Yale cak)
|
|
|鵲
|-
|鶉
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceon¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshûn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sûn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tun • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshun • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsun • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thun
|quail (originally refers to those with spots on feathers)
| ‖ 鶉(うずら) or 鶉(ウズラ) • (uzura) ^(←うづら (udura) or ウヅラ (udura)?)
| ‖ a Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)
|鶉 • (sun, dan) · 鶉 • (sun, dan) (hangeul 순, 단, revised sun, dan, McCune–Reischauer sun, tan, Yale swun, tan)
|
|
|鶉
|-
|鶯
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ang¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ing
|oriole
| ‖ 鶯(うぐいす) or 鶯(ウグイス) • (uguisu) ^(←うぐひす (ugufisu) or ウグヒス (ugufisu)?) ‖ 鶯(うぐいす) • (Uguisu) ^(←うぐひす (ugufisu)?)
| ‖ Japanese bush warbler (Horornis diphone); Japanese nightingale • short for 鶯色 (uguisu iro): an olive-green color, as the rear of a bush warbler • short for 鶯声 (uguisu-goe): a description for a woman's beautiful voice • a metal skewer used in 香道 (kōdō) to fasten a paper wrapper • a bamboo skewer used in binding an obi or similar ‖ a surname
|
|Chinese oriole • bush warbler
|chữ Hán form of oanh (“oriole”).
|鶯
|-
|鷂
|Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁶⁻² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iō • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iāu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iâu
|sparrow hawk • harrier • kite ‖ (obsolete) pheasant
| ‖ 鷂(はいたか) or 鷂(ハイタカ) • (haitaka)
| ‖ Eurasian sparrowhawk
|鷂 • (yo) · 鷂 • (yo) (hangeul 요, revised yo, McCune–Reischauer yo, Yale yo)
|
|
|鷂
|-
|鷄
|
|
|
|Kyūjitai form of 鶏: chicken, bird
|鷄 (eumhun 닭 계 (dak gye))
|Hanja form of 계 (“chicken”).
|chicken
|鷄
|-
|鷓
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ze³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsià • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsèe
|Only used in 鷓鴣／鹧鸪 (zhègū).
|
|
|鷓 • (ja) · 鷓 • (ja) (hangeul 자, revised ja, McCune–Reischauer cha, Yale ca)
|
|
|鷓
|-
|鷗
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : au¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : au • Hokkien · Tai-lo : oo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : o • Hokkien · Tai-lo : io
|seagull
| ‖
|seagull ‖
|鷗 (eum 구 (gu))
|seagull
|seagull
|鷗
|-
|鷥
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙ • Cantonese · Jyutping : si¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si
|Only used in 鷺鷥／鹭鸶 (lùsī).
|
|
|
|
|
|鷥
|-
|鷹
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jing¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ing
|a bird of prey of Accipitriformes (eagles, hawks, kites, vultures), Falconiformes (falcons) or Strigiformes (owls)
| ‖ 鷹(たか) or 鷹(タカ) • (taka)
|eagle • falcon • hawk ‖ a hawk (predatory bird)
|
|hawk; falcon (esp. the peregrine or gyrfalcon)
|
|鷹
|-
|鷺
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lōo
|heron; egret
| ‖ 鷺(さぎ) or 鷺(サギ) • (sagi)
| ‖ heron, egret
|鷺 (eum 로 (ro), South Korea 노 (no))
|
|
|鷺
|-
|鸚
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jing¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ing
|parrot; parakeet
|
|parrot; parakeet
|鸚 (eumhun 앵무새 앵 (aengmusae aeng))
|Hanja form of 앵 (“parrot”).
|
|鸚
|-
|鸞
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lyun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luân
|luan (mythical bird related to the fenghuang; sometimes translated as simurgh) • (alt. form 鑾／銮) the bells at horses' bits • imperial • a surname
|
|fabulous mythical bird • imperial
|鸞 • (ran>nan) · 鸞 • (ran>nan) (hangeul 란>난, revised ran>nan, McCune–Reischauer ran>nan, Yale lan>nan)
|
|
|鸞
|-
|鹹
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haam⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hâm
|salty; briny • (Southern Min) stingy; miserly • (Southern Min) rice topping; viand • (Cantonese, Teochew, attributive) Short for 鹹濕／咸湿 (haam4 sap1, “erotic; pornographic”). • (Yangjiang Yue) salt
|
|salty
|鹹 (eumhun 짤 함 (jjal ham)) · 鹹 (eumhun 다 함 (da ham))
|Hanja form of 함 (“salty”).
|
|鹹
|-
|鹼
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaan² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiám • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kinn
|sodium carbonate • (chemistry) (soluble) alkali • (chemistry, chiefly Mainland China) base (soluble or not) • (dialectal) soap
| ‖
|(chemistry) base, alkali ‖
|
|
|
|鹼
|-
|麋
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bî
|moose, elk (Eurasia) • used as a surname
| ‖
| ‖
|麋 (eum 미 (mi))
|
|
|麋
|-
|麒
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kî
|Only used in 麒麟 (qílín).
|
|
|麒 (eumhun 기린 기 (girin gi))
|Hanja form of 기 (“giraffe; qilin”).
|
|麒
|-
|麝
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : se⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siā
|musk deer • musk
|
|musk deer
|麝 (eumhun 사향노루 사 (sahyangnoru sa))
|Hanja form of 사 (“musk deer”).
|musk deer 貅麝 (Hươu xạ) • musk 麝香 (Xạ Hương)
|麝
|-
|麟
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leon⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîn
|Used in 麒麟 (qílín, “qilin (propitious mythological beast)”); also used as its short form. • Used in 麒麟 (qílín, “qilin (propitious mythological beast)”); also used as its short form. · ^‡ female of qilin • big deer • Alternative form of 鱗／鳞 (lín, “scale and shell”) • Used in 麟麟 (línlín, “bright”).
|
|
|麟 (eumhun 기린 린 (girin rin), South Korea 기린 인 (girin in))
|Hanja form of 린/인 (“giraffe; qilin”).
|
|麟
|-
|麦
| ‖
| ‖
| ‖ 麦(むぎ) • (mugi)
|wheat • barley ‖ (broadly speaking) dry-cultivated cereal grain · wheat • (broadly speaking) dry-cultivated cereal grain · barley • (broadly speaking) dry-cultivated cereal grain · rye • (broadly speaking) dry-cultivated cereal grain · oats
|
|
|
|麦
|-
|麩
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phoo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khoo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hu
|(of wheat) bran • panned gold; gold dust
| ‖ 麩(ふ) • (fu) ‖ 麩(ふすま) • (fusuma)
| ‖ wheat bran • wheat gluten • foods made from wheat gluten, somewhat similar to bread ‖ wheat bran
|麩 • (bu) · 麩 • (bu) (hangeul 부, revised bu, McCune–Reischauer pu, Yale pu)
|
|
|麩
|-
|麴
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kuk¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : guk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kuk¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : guk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : Khiok
|yeast; leaven (used to make wine) • (obsolete) wine; alcoholic beverage ‖ a surname
| ‖
|yeast • leaven ‖
|麴 • (guk) · 麴 • (guk) (hangeul 국, revised guk, McCune–Reischauer kuk, Yale kwuk)
|yeast • leaven
|
|麴
|-
|麵
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄢˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄢˋㄦ • Cantonese · Jyutping : min⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : biān
|flour • wheat noodles (Classifier: 碗 m c; 條／条 m c; 個／个 c) • (Mainland China) powder • (Mainland China, dialectal) soft and floury; mealy • (Mandarin, colloquial, of a person) weak; timid; indecisive; slow
|
|flour • dough • noodles
|麵 • (myeon) · 麵 • (myeon) (hangeul 면)
|wheat flour • noodles
|wheat • noodles
|麵
|-
|麼
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄇㄜ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄇㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mo¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄇㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄇㄜ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mo¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mo¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mo¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mo⁵ ‖
|A particle placed after the topic of a compound sentence, used to express tactfulness. • A suffix for forming pronouns or adverbs. ‖ Alternative form of 嗎／吗 (“final interrogative particle”) ‖ (dialectal Mandarin) what ‖ tiny; insignificant • a surname ‖ (Hakka) what
|
|
|麼 • (ma) · 麼 • (ma) (hangeul 마, revised ma, McCune–Reischauer ma, Yale ma)
|small • thin
|
|麼
|-
|麾
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fai¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hui
|a pennant, flag, banner • to signal to
|
|flag • (military) banner • signal • direct • lead • beckon
|麾 (eum 휘 (hwi))
|
|
|麾
|-
|黄
|
|
| ‖ 黄(き) • (ki) -na (adnominal 黄(き)な (ki na), adverbial 黄(き)に (ki ni)) ‖ 黄(き) • (ki) ‖ 黄(こう) • (kō) ^(←くわう (kwau)?) ‖ 黄(おう) • (ō) ^(←わう (wau)?)
|yellow ‖ yellow ‖ yellow ‖ yellow ‖ yellow
|黄 • (hwang) · 黄 • (hwang) (hangeul 황, revised hwang, McCune–Reischauer hwang, Yale hwang)
|variant of 黃 • yellow
|
|黄
|-
|黍
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : syu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sué • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sé • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sí
|proso millet (Panicum miliaceum) (especially glutinous varieties, but also generic) • (dialectal Eastern Min, Putian Min) sorghum • (Leizhou Min) corn; maize
| ‖ 黍(きび) or 黍(キビ) • (kibi) ‖ 黍(きみ) • (kimi)
| ‖ common or proso millet, Panicum miliaceum • Synonym of 蜀黍 (morokoshi): sorghum • Synonym of 玉蜀黍 (tōmorokoshi): corn, maize ‖ (obsolete) the common or proso millet, Panicum miliaceum • (obsolete) Synonym of 玉蜀黍 (tōmorokoshi): corn, maize
|黍 • (seo) · 黍 • (seo) (hangeul 서, revised seo, McCune–Reischauer sŏ, Yale se)
|
|
|黍
|-
|黏
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nim⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nim¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâm
|sticky; glutinous • to adhere; to stick
|
|
|黏 • (jeom) · 黏 • (jeom) (hangeul 점)
|
|
|黏
|-
|-
|黛
|麥
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : doi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tāi
|Characters in the same phonetic series (來) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mrɯːɡ) : phonetic 來 (OC *m·rɯːɡ) + semantic 夊 (“foot; to walk slowly”). 來 was the original character for “wheat”. Several possible interpretations: \ * This character originally meant “to come”. Because the simpler 來 was commonly used for this (borrowed) sense, its original meaning (“wheat”) switched with 麥. \ * 夊 represents the ancient concept that wheat came from the heavens. \ * 夊 represents growth of the wheat plant. \ Etymologically unrelated to 來 (OC *m·rɯːɡ, “to come”). Schuessler (2007) suggests it is from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m‑rə(k) (“buckwheat”) and cognate with Tibetan བྲ་བོ (bra bo, “buckwheat”); also compare Proto-Lolo-Burmese *g-ra² (“buckwheat”). STEDT compares 麥 (OC *mrɯːɡ, “wheat”) to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *bra (“buckwheat”) (provisional). \ Starostin (2009), on the other hand, compares 麥 (OC *mrɯːɡ, “wheat”) to Proto-Tungusic *murgi (“barley”), Middle Korean 밇 (milh, “wheat”), Old Japanese 麦 (mugi₁, “wheat; barley”).
|(historical) a dark pigment used by women in ancient times to paint their eyebrows • black • women's eyebrows
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄞˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : be̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : be̍eh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bi̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bia̍k • Middle-Chinese : meak
| ‖ 黛(まゆずみ) • (mayuzumi) ‖ 黛(まゆずみ) • (Mayuzumi)
|general term for wheat, barley, oats, ryes, etc. • (specifically) wheat • (Hainanese) corn; maize • Short for 麥克風／麦克风 (màikèfēng, “microphone”). • Short for 麥克斯韋／麦克斯韦 (Màikèsīwéi). • a surname
| ‖ eyebrow pencil ‖ a surname
|黛 • (dae) · 黛 • (dae) (hangeul 대, revised dae, McCune–Reischauer tae, Yale tay)
|
|
|
|wheat
|黛
|麥 (eumhun 보리 맥 (bori maek))
|wheat; barley
|Hán-Nôm : mạch
|chữ Hán form of mạch (“barley”).
|麥
|-
|-
|黜
|黃
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceot¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeot¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyut³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyut⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thut • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuh
|Chi (2010) proposes that 黃 was originally a pictogram (象形) and the original character of 尪 (OC *qʷaːŋ, “a disabled person with a protruding chest or abdomen”). It has been phonetically borrowed for "yellow" since the era of the oracle bone script. He (1998) noted the possible ritual of burning disabled people with a protruding chest or abdomen to pray for rain as mentioned in Zuozhuan. The 口 in the upper part of the bronze inscription of 黃 might be depicting the disabled person's face facing upwards. \ Li (2012), on the other hand, proposes that 黃 was originally a pictogram (象形) and the original character of 璜 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ, “semicircular jade”) as the 口 in the oracle bone script resembles a ring of jade, so the character would carry the meaning of "a man wearing a ring of jade on his chest". The meaning "yellow" is the result of rebus. \ According to Shuowen, it is both a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷaːŋ) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : phonetic 炗 (, “light”) + semantic 田 (“field”) – the color of earth, with 炗 being the ancient form of 光 (OC *kʷaːŋ, *kʷaːŋs, “light”). However, this interpretation is likely erroneous as 廿 at the top was formed as a result of corruption of 口 in the bronze inscription. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *hwaŋ (“shine; bright; yellow”). Cognate with 光 (OC *kʷaːŋ, *kʷaːŋs, “light; bright”), 曠 (OC *kʰʷaːŋs, “bright; well-lit”), Burmese ဝင်း (wang:, “bright”), Burmese ဝါ (wa, “yellow”). \ ;“sexually obscene; pornographic”
|(literary) to dismiss; to demote; to downgrade • (literary) to discard; to reject • (literary) to abolish • (literary) to belittle and denounce
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : n̂g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uînn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hông • Middle-Chinese : hwang
|yellow (colour) • yolk • Short for 蟹黃／蟹黄 (xièhuáng). • yellow; Far East Asian • (colloquial) pornographic; lewd • (colloquial) to fizzle out; to fall through • (Cantonese) to let the cat out of the bag (to let a secret be known) • (Hong Kong, politics) supportive of Hong Kong's pro-democracy movement • (Southern Min) to ripen • Short for 黃帝／黄帝 (Huángdì). • Short for 黃河／黄河 (Huáng Hé, “Yellow River”). • a surname
|
|
|
|Kyūjitai form of 黄
|黜 • (chul) · 黜 • (chul) (hangeul 출, revised chul, McCune–Reischauer ch'ul, Yale chwul)
|黃 (eumhun 누를 황 (nureul hwang))
|
|hanja form of 황 (“yellow; a surname”)
|
|canonical : 黃: Hán Việt readings: hoàng • canonical : huỳnh 黃: Nôm readings: vàng
|黜
|chữ Hán form of hoàng (“yellow”). • Nôm form of vàng (“yellow; gold”). • chữ Hán form of Hoàng (“a surname”).
|黃
|-
|-
|黝
|黎
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau²
|Characters in the same phonetic series (利) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *riːl) : semantic 黍 (“millet”) + phonetic 利 (OC *rids). \ ; “black; numerous” \ ; “Li people” \ : Before Song dynasty, 俚 (lǐ) was a more common term.
|bluish-black, greenish-black
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lê • Middle-Chinese : lej
|
|(obsolete) black • (literary) numerous • until; at the time of • (～國) (historical) state of Li (a state in modern-day Shanxi, China, during the Shang dynasty) • (～族) Li people (the largest ethnic minority in Hainan, China) • Short for 黎巴嫩 (Líbānèn, “Lebanon”). • a surname
|bluish black, black • dimly lit, dark, black
|黝 • (yu) · 黝 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu, Yale yu)
|
|
|
|黝
|black, bluish black • gloomy, dusky • used to indicate the Li people of Hainan Province, China
|黎 (eum 려 (ryeo), word-initial (South Korea) 여 (yeo))
|hanja form of 여(黎) (“black”)
|Hán-Nôm : lê • Hán-Nôm : rê
|chữ Hán form of Lê (“a surname”).
|黎
|-
|-
|黠
|黔
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hat⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waat⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hat¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kit³
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡram, *ɡrɯm) : semantic 黑 (“black”) + phonetic 今 (OC *krɯm) \ Perhaps an areal word related to Longzhou Zhuang kʰam¹ ("cloudy; dark"), Proto-Katuic *koom (“black”) (Schuessler, 2007). See also 黮 and 紺.
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kim⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khâm • Middle-Chinese : gim • Middle-Chinese : gjem
|
|(literary) black • (obsolete) to blacken by tanning or exposure to smoke • (～州) Name of a prefecture in ancient China now located in Chongqing and Guizhou. • Short for 貴州／贵州 (Guìzhōu, “Guizhou”). • a surname
|
|黠 • (hil) · 黠 • (hil) (hangeul 힐, revised hil, McCune–Reischauer hil, Yale hil)
|
|
|
|
|黠
|黔 • (geom, geum) · 黔 • (geom, geum) (hangeul 검, 금, revised geom, geum, McCune–Reischauer kŏm, kŭm, Yale kem, kum)
|-
|黴
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mui⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : muî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : buê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hui
|mold; mildew; must • (alt. form 霉) to become moldy • (of one's face) dirty; dingy; dark
| ‖ 黴(かび) or 黴(カビ) • (kabi)
|mold ‖ mold
|黴 • (mi) · 黴 • (mi) (hangeul 미, revised mi, McCune–Reischauer mi, Yale mi)
|
|
|Hán-Nôm : kiềm
|
|
|黴
|黔
|-
|-
|黷
|點
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : duk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : to̍k
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *teːmʔ) : semantic 黑 (“black”) + phonetic 占 (OC *ʔljem, *tjems) – black dots. ‖ Fusion of 底物 (MC tejX mjut), literally “what thing” (Guo, 2003). \ Often related to 怎 (zam2) due to similar syllable structure.
|to tarnish; to defile; to blacken • to be rash about; to use indiscriminately • to corrupt • to covet
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˇㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiám • Middle-Chinese : temX ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : dim²
|
|dot; spot; speck • place; point; spot • point; aspect • o'clock • time • (mathematics) point • (mathematics) decimal point • percent; percentage point • drop • (Chinese calligraphy) a dot stroke (㇔) • to nominate; to mention (one's name) • to count • to choose; to select; to order (food) • to nod • to point • to tap; to touch • to click • to light; to ignite • a little; a bit; some • (Cantonese) to dip in (sauce) • (Cantonese) to trick; to misguide • (Cantonese) to command • (Hong Kong Cantonese, neologism) extreme (Classifier: 個／个 c) ‖ (Cantonese) how
|
|黷 • (dok) · 黷 • (dok) (hangeul 독, revised dok, McCune–Reischauer tok, Yale tok)
|
|
|
|Kyūjitai form of 点
|黷
|點 (eumhun 점 점 (jeom jeom))
|hanja form of 점 (“point; dot; spot; speck”)
|canonical : 點: Hán Việt readings: điểm 點: Nôm readings: chấm • canonical : đếm • canonical : chúm • canonical : đém • canonical : đêm • canonical : đóm
|chữ Hán form of điểm (“a dot, a point, a period”). • chữ Hán form of điểm (“to identify, to choose, to nominate”). • Nôm form of đếm (“to count, to number, to enumerate”). • Nôm form of chấm (“to dip in, to punctuate”).
|點
|-
|-
|鼇
|黨
|
|Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taːŋʔ, *tʰaːŋʔ) : phonetic 尚 (OC *djaŋ, *djaŋs) + semantic 黑 (“black”) – black; dark. \ The endoactive of 當 (OC *taːŋ, “to be equal of”), literally "that which is equal in rank" (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Identified as an ancient Chu dialect word in Han Dynasty scholar Yang Xiong's Fangyan. \ STEDT compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-twaŋ (“to see; to show”), whence Tibetan མཐོང (mthong, “to see; to perceive”). \ Alternatively, it may be of Austroasiatic origin. Compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *tiɲ ~ *təɲ (“to know”), whence Khmer ដឹង (dəng), Eastern Bru ດັງ (dáng) (Behr, 2008; Ye, 2014). \ Perhaps related to 懂 (dǒng, “to understand”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tóng • Middle-Chinese : tangX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dong² ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tong²
|
|community; fellow community member • gang; faction • (politics) party • (politics) party · (for one-party states, in press releases or official media) the ruling party · (chiefly Mainland China, specifically) the Communist Party of China • (politics) party · (for one-party states, in press releases or official media) the ruling party · (Vietnam, specifically) Communist Party of Vietnam • (politics) party · (for one-party states, in press releases or official media) the ruling party · (Wa State, specifically) United Wa State Party • (Hong Kong, used as suffix) a group or class of people with negative attribute, or a member of it • (used as suffix in Internet slang) a group or class of people, or a member of it • a surname ‖ (ancient Chu dialect) to know ‖ Alternative form of 倘
|great sea turtle
| ‖ 黨(とう) • (tō)
|鼇 (eum 오 (o))
|(political) party ‖ Kyūjitai form of 党: political party
|
|黨 (eumhun 무리 당 (muri dang))
|
|hanja form of 당 (“political party”)
|鼇
|Hán-Nôm : đảng • Hán-Nôm : đoảng ‖
| ‖ chữ Hán form of đảng (“party”).
|黨
|-
|-
|鼕
|黯
|
|
|
|
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ám • Middle-Chinese : 'eam • Middle-Chinese : 'eamX
|dim, dark
|
|
|鼕 (eum 동 (dong))
|black • dark
|黯 • (am) · 黯 • (am) (hangeul 암, revised am, McCune–Reischauer am, Yale am)
|dark, black • sullen, dreary
|Hán-Nôm : ảm
|
|
|
|黯
|鼕
|-
|-
|鼙
|鼎
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei⁴
|Pictogram (象形) . \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(m/ʔ)-di(k/ŋ) (“pot; cauldron”) (STEDT).
|(literary) small military drum • (literary) small drum (in general)
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ding² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiánn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tíng • Middle-Chinese : tengX
|ding (ancient large, three-legged bronze cauldron for cooking or sacrificial rituals) • (figurative) throne; monarchy • (figurative, historical) important figures in the government • (figurative) big; great • (figurative) tripartite balance of forces • (historical) ancient instrument of torture • (literary) just (at this time); meanwhile • (Min) wok • 50th hexagram of the I Ching • a surname
| ‖ 鼎(かなえ) • (kanae) ^(←かなへ (kanafe)?) ‖ 鼎(てい) • (tei)
|three-legged kettle • trio, triad ‖ a three-legged kettle, a tripod kettle, used for cooking and later for ceremonial purposes in ancient China, and often made of bronze • a symbol of a king or other high authority ‖ a three-legged kettle, a tripod kettle, used for cooking and later for ceremonial purposes in ancient China, and often made of bronze • one of the I Ching hexagrams
|鼎 • (jeong) · 鼎 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng, Yale ceng)
|
|
|drum carried on horseback
|Hán-Nôm : đỉnh • Hán-Nôm : đảnh • Hán-Nôm : đửng • Hán-Nôm : đững • Hán-Nôm : đựng
|鼙 • (bi) · 鼙 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi, Yale pi)
|drum carried on horseback
|
|
|鼙
|鼎
|-
|-
|鼬
|鼠
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iū
|Characters in the same phonetic series (鼠) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Pictogram (象形) – a mouse or rat. In the seal script form, which is inherited in the regular script, the upper component resembling 臼 (jiù) represents the open mouth of a rat with teeth displayed, and the lower component represents the two feet of a rat on the left and a tail on the right. \ Unclear. Schuessler (2007) reconstructs the Minimal Old Chinese as *nhaʔ (homophonous to 癙 (OC *nhaʔ) "painful, suffering", which is in the same phonetic series and may be related to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *na-n/t (“ill, pain, sore, ache, difficult, evil spirit”)) and compares to the following: \ * Nyah Kur [script needed] (hnáaʔ, “small squirrel; tree shrew”); \ * Proto-Mon-Khmer *kn₁(i)ʔ (“rat; mouse”): Old Mon kni' > Mon ဂၞိ (nɔeˀ), Proto-Bahnaric *knɛː; \ * Proto-Kam-Sui *hnu³ (“rat”): Southern Kam not, Sui hnoc. \ STEDT, on the other hand, compares 鼠 (OC *hljaʔ) to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-jəw-n (“rat; rabbit; hare”).
|weasel • (by extension) mustelid
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sí • Middle-Chinese : syoX
|
|rat; mouse; any member of the superfamily Muroidea, rodent • Rat (first of the Chinese zodiac signs) • (traditional Chinese medicine) scrofula; scrofulous • (Cantonese) to sneak; to go stealthily
|weasel
| ‖ 鼠(ねずみ) or 鼠(ネズミ) • (nezumi) ‖ 鼠(ねず) • (nezu) ‖ 鼠(ね) • (ne)
|鼬 • (yu) · 鼬 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu, Yale yu)
|mouse, rat, other similar rodent ‖ a mouse or a rat • general term for members of superfamily Muroidea, including mice, rats, voles, hamsters, gerbils, and other similar rodents • short for 鼠色 (nezumi iro): the colour grey, sometimes more specifically a dark grey colour ‖ a mouse, a rat ‖ a mouse, a rat
|
|
|hanja form of 서 (“mouse; rat”)
|Hán-Nôm : thử • Hán-Nôm : thửu
|
|
|鼬
|鼠
|-
|-
|鼴
|齊
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin²
|Characters in the same phonetic series (齊) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Ideogram (指事) : a field of grain, hence of uniform height. \ Either related to Mizo čelʔᴸ (“equal, to endure”) or, more phonologically likely, Tibetan ཚིར (tshir, “queue, order, succession”) as Tibetan /tsʰir/'s final /-r/ can explain the Middle Chinese retroflex initial of 儕 (OC *zriːl), which is derived from 齊 (OC *zliːl). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (齊) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Ideogram (指事) : a field of grain, hence of uniform height. \ Either related to Mizo čelʔᴸ (“equal, to endure”) or, more phonologically likely, Tibetan ཚིར (tshir, “queue, order, succession”) as Tibetan /tsʰir/'s final /-r/ can explain the Middle Chinese retroflex initial of 儕 (OC *zriːl), which is derived from 齊 (OC *zliːl). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (齊) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Ideogram (指事) : a field of grain, hence of uniform height. \ Either related to Mizo čelʔᴸ (“equal, to endure”) or, more phonologically likely, Tibetan ཚིར (tshir, “queue, order, succession”) as Tibetan /tsʰir/'s final /-r/ can explain the Middle Chinese retroflex initial of 儕 (OC *zriːl), which is derived from 齊 (OC *zliːl). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (齊) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Ideogram (指事) : a field of grain, hence of uniform height. \ Either related to Mizo čelʔᴸ (“equal, to endure”) or, more phonologically likely, Tibetan ཚིར (tshir, “queue, order, succession”) as Tibetan /tsʰir/'s final /-r/ can explain the Middle Chinese retroflex initial of 儕 (OC *zriːl), which is derived from 齊 (OC *zliːl). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (齊) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Ideogram (指事) : a field of grain, hence of uniform height. \ Either related to Mizo čelʔᴸ (“equal, to endure”) or, more phonologically likely, Tibetan ཚིར (tshir, “queue, order, succession”) as Tibetan /tsʰir/'s final /-r/ can explain the Middle Chinese retroflex initial of 儕 (OC *zriːl), which is derived from 齊 (OC *zliːl). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (齊) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Ideogram (指事) : a field of grain, hence of uniform height. \ Either related to Mizo čelʔᴸ (“equal, to endure”) or, more phonologically likely, Tibetan ཚིར (tshir, “queue, order, succession”) as Tibetan /tsʰir/'s final /-r/ can explain the Middle Chinese retroflex initial of 儕 (OC *zriːl), which is derived from 齊 (OC *zliːl). ‖
|animal from the family Talpidae
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tserê • Middle-Chinese : dzej ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˋ • Middle-Chinese : dzejH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄞ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˇ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsâu
| ‖  
|even; uniform; of equal length • same; identical • complete • together; simultaneously • to be the same height as; to be level with • along a line • (～國) Qi, an ancient Chinese duchy, and later kingdom, during the Zhou dynasty • Southern Qi (479–502), the second of the Southern dynasties in China • Northern Qi (550–577), one of the Northern dynasties in China • (～日) (telegraphy) the eighth day of a month • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 躋／跻 (jī) • Alternative form of 齏／齑 (jī) ‖ Alternative form of 劑／剂 (jì) • alloy ‖ hem of a skirt, shirt tail • Alternative form of 粢 • Alternative form of 資／资 (zī) ‖ Alternative form of 齋／斋 (zhāi) • sacrificial offering • deferential ‖ Alternative form of 剪 (jiǎn) • Alternative form of 醮 (jiào) ‖ uniform; generally consistent • completely; entirely
| ‖  
|鼴 • (eon) · 鼴 • (eon) (hangeul 언, revised eon, McCune–Reischauer ŏn, Yale en)
|mole (burrowing insectivore)
|
|
|鼴
|-
|鼾
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hon⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huânn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huann • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hônn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kônn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : han ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : kônn
|(literary or Southern Min) to snore • snore; snoring ‖ (Hokkien) the sound of snoring; to snore
| ‖ 鼾(かん) • (kan) ‖ 鼾(いびき) • (ibiki) ‖  ‖ 鼾(くつち) • (kutsuchi)
| ‖ snoring ‖ snoring, a snore ‖ to snore ‖ (archaic, rare) snoring • (archaic, rare) epilepsy
|鼾 • (han) · 鼾 • (han) (hangeul 한, McCune–Reischauer han, Yale han)
|
|
|齊 (eum 제 (je))
|
|
|鼾
|Hán-Nôm : tày • Hán-Nôm : tề • Hán-Nôm : tè • Hán-Nôm : chai
|chữ Hán form of tề (“even, uniform”). • chữ Hán form of tề (“equal to”).
|齊
|-
|-
|齟
|齒
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi² • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsoo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsú
|Pictogram (象形) – a mouth full of teeth. 之 (zhī) or 止 (zhǐ) was later added on top as a phonetic component. \ Unclear. Not related to Tibetan མཆེ་བ (mche ba, “fang, tusk”), which is cognate with 齻／𱌺 (diān, “eyetooth”), but may be the same word as Proto-Min *kʰiᴮ (“tooth”). Another possibility is a derivation from an Austroasiatic etymon; Schuessler, 2007 (p.188) suggests a possible relationship to Khmer ខ្នាយ (khnaay, “tusk, spur”), as Austroasiatic medial /n/ is often deleted in loans.
|irregular teeth • discord
|Cantonese · Jyutping : ci² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshí • Middle-Chinese : tsyhiX
|(anatomy) tooth • (figurative) tooth- or zigzag-like thing, such as a sawtooth, cogwheel, or fern • (figurative) age (of a person or animal) • to juxtapose; to put side by side • to utter; to mention • ^† to employ; to take in • (dialectal) to touch; to be in contact with • (Xiang) pay attention, to be concerned with
|
|
|
|tooth
|齟 (eum 저 (jeo))
|齒 (eumhun 이 치 (i chi))
|
|hanja form of 치 (“tooth”)
|
|canonical : 齒: Hán Việt readings: xỉ 齒: Nôm readings: xỉ • canonical : xỉa • canonical : xẻ
|齟
|chữ Hán form of xỉ (“teeth”).
|齒
|-
|-
|齣
|龍
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceot¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshut
|Characters in the same phonetic series (龍) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Pictogram (象形) – originally a serpent with prominent whiskered mouth and eyes. \ Current form developed in large seal script, with serpent’s body on right (tail at upper right, legs on right), whiskered/fanged mouth at lower left, and eyes/crown at upper left. Left side was subsequently simplified and abstracted, with some influence of 立 and ⺼/月. Note that 竜 existed as a traditional variant dating back to large seal script, and figures a dragon seen face-on, rather than curled around. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-bru(ŋ/k) (“dragon; thunder”). Cognate with Tibetan འབྲུག ('brug, “dragon; thunder”). The STEDT database also lists 隆 (OC *ɡ·ruːŋ, “thunder; sound of thunder”) and 雹 (OC *bruːɡ, “hail”) as cognates. Also compare 靐 (OC *brɯŋs, “sound of thunder”) and 霹靂 (OC *pʰeːɡ reːɡ, “thunder”). \ This word is found in many languages of the region. Compare Proto-Hmong-Mien *-roŋ (“dragon”) (White Hmong zaj), Proto-Vietic *-roːŋ (“dragon”) (Vietnamese rồng), Vietnamese thuồng luồng (“serpent-like monster”), Khmer រោង (roong, “year of the dragon”), Thai มะโรง (má-roong, “dragon; year of the dragon”), Lao ມະໂລງ (ma lōng, “year of the dragon”), perhaps also Old Turkic [script needed]|[Term?] (*-lan, suffix denoting a wild, predatory animal) (Turkish aslan (“lion”), kaplan (“tiger”), yılan (“snake”)).
|Classifier for plays and operas: act; stanza; time, occasion ⇒ all nouns using this classifier • (regional, by extension) Classifier for films or episodes of TV shows. • (Southern Min) drama; play; show (theatrical performance) • (Southern Min) trouble; hassle
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nguí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liông • Middle-Chinese : ljowng
| ‖ 齣(こま) or 齣(コマ) • (koma) ‖ 齣(せき) • (seki) ‖ 齣(せつ) • (setsu)
|(mythology) Chinese dragon (Classifier: 條／条 m c h; 尾 mn) • (mythology) Western dragon • (figurative) emperor; sovereign; king; of the emperor • (figurative) chief; hero; towering figure • (by extension) dragon-shaped object; long object • (by extension) dragon-adorned object • (zoology, paleontology) extinct reptilian creature; -saur • (Eastern Min) to become clear-minded; to be revitalised • (Cantonese, soccer and other sports) goal (Classifier: 個／个 c) • (Cantonese, soccer and other sports) goalkeeper (Classifier: 個／个 c) • (figurative) queue; line (Classifier: 條／条 c) • (Hong Kong Cantonese, slang) money • (Hong Kong Cantonese, slang) snake meat • (Shanghainese, slang) a hundred of a currency designation • a surname
|act, scene, as of a play or movie • frame, as of a comic • section, passage, paragraph ‖ (film, animation, manga) a frame of a comic or film • (film, theater) an act or scene of a play or movie • (music) a phrase or portion of a piece of music ‖ a section or paragraph of writing • (archaic) a chapter of a novel (particularly in the Edo period) • (Chinese theater) an act of a play ‖ same as seki above
| ‖ 龍(りゅう) • (ryū) ‖ 龍(りゅう) • (ryū) ‖ 龍(りゅう) • (Ryū) ‖ 龍(りょう) • (ryō) ‖ 龍(りょう) • (ryō) ‖ 龍(たつ) • (tatsu)
|齣 • (cheok) · 齣 • (cheok) (hangeul 척, revised cheok, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏk, Yale chek)
| ‖ Kyūjitai form of 竜: a Chinese dragon • Kyūjitai form of 竜: Synonym of ドラゴン (doragon): a Western dragon • Kyūjitai form of 竜: (shogi, colloquial) Short for 龍王 (ryūō): dragon king; promoted rook • a 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) with a Chinese dragon design ‖ Kyūjitai form of 竜: dragon • Kyūjitai form of 竜: hero • Kyūjitai form of 竜: imperial • Kyūjitai form of 竜: dinosaur ‖ (astronomy) Short for りゅう座 (Ryūza): the constellation Draco • a male given name • a surname ‖ Kyūjitai form of 竜: (rare or in Chinese contexts) a Chinese dragon ‖ Kyūjitai form of 竜: dragon • Kyūjitai form of 竜: hero • Kyūjitai form of 竜: imperial ‖ Kyūjitai form of 竜: (mythology) a Japanese dragon
|
|龍 (eumhun 미르 룡 (mireu ryong), word-initial (South Korea) 미르 용 (mireu yong))
|
|hanja form of 룡/용 (“dragon”)
|齣
|canonical : 龍: Hán Việt readings: long 龍: Nôm readings: long • canonical : lung • canonical : lỏng • canonical : lúng • canonical : luông • canonical : luồng
|Chữ Hán form of long (“dragon”). • Chữ Hán form of Long (“a male given name”).
|龍
|-
|-
|齦
|龜
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngan⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : han² • Cantonese · Jyutping : hang² ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢˇ
|Characters in the same phonetic series (龜) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Pictogram (象形) : A drawing of a turtle seen from the side and from above (Bronze inscriptions). \ Austroasiatic. Compare Mon ဂွိ (gwi, “soft-shell turtle”), Nyah Kur ทะวี่ʔ (tha wìiʼ, “soft-shell turtle”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖  ‖
|gum (flesh around teeth) ‖ (literary) Alternative form of 啃 (“to gnaw; to nibble”) ‖ ^‡ sound of teeth
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄟ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ku • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kui • Middle-Chinese : kwij ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kau¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gau¹ • Middle-Chinese : kjuw ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kun
|turtle; tortoise (Classifier: 隻／只 c) • (figurative) cuckold • (Cantonese, humorous) signature (Classifier: 隻／只 c) • (Hong Kong Cantonese, slang) police ‖ Only used in 龜茲／龟兹 (Qiūcí). ‖ (of skin) to crack; to become chapped
| ‖  
| ‖  
|gum (flesh around teeth) ‖  
|Kyūjitai form of 亀 ‖  
|齦 (eumhun 잇몸 은 (inmom eun)) ‖ 齦 (eumhun 물 간 (mul gan))
|龜 (eumhun 거북 귀 (geobuk gwi)) ‖ 龜 (eumhun 땅 이름 구 (ttang ireum gu)) ‖ 龜 (eumhun 터질 균 (teojil gyun))
|Hanja form of 은 (“gum”). ‖ Hanja form of 간 (“to bite”).
|hanja form of 귀 (“tortoise; turtle”) ‖ hanja form of 구 (“used in placenames”) ‖ hanja form of 균 (“crack”)
|
|Hán-Nôm : qui • Hán-Nôm : quân • Hán-Nôm : quy
|齦
|chữ Hán form of quy (“turtle”).
|-
|龜
|齪
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cuk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsa̍k ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsak
|(obsolete) cautious; careful; meticulous • Used in 齷齪／龌龊 (wòchuò). ‖ (Hokkien) feeling stuffy and difficult to bear (due to being crowded, muggy, lacking in air circulation, etc.) • (Hokkien) vexed; annoyed; agitated (of one's mind) • (Hokkien) to disturb; to bother; to nag; to annoy (someone) • (Mainland China Hokkien) annoying; vexing (due to being complex) • (Teochew) to distract or disturb someone by being noisy
|
|grating the teeth
|齪 • (chak) · 齪 • (chak) (hangeul 착, revised chak, McCune–Reischauer ch'ak, Yale chak)
|narrow, small • dirty
|
|齪
|-
|齬
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁵
|irregular teeth • discord
|
|irregular teeth
|齬 • (eo) · 齬 • (eo) (hangeul 어, revised eo, McCune–Reischauer ŏ, Yale e)
|
|chữ Hán form of ngữ (“referring to misaligned teeth or disagreements, mostly used in the compound trở ngữ (齟齬)”).
|齬
|-
|齲
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geoi² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khú
|(dentistry) decay; cavity
|
|decayed tooth • cavity
|齲 • (u) · 齲 • (u) (hangeul 우, revised u, McCune–Reischauer u, Yale wu)
|decayed tooth
|
|齲
|-
|齷
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ak¹
|Only used in 齷齪／龌龊 (wòchuò).
|
|grating the teeth • fretful
|齷 • (ak) · 齷 • (ak) (hangeul 악, revised ak, McCune–Reischauer ak, Yale ak)
|narrow, small • dirty
|
|齷
|-
|龐
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phâng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pâng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄥˊ
|huge; big • disorderly; messy • shape of the face; facial contours • a surname ‖ Used in 龐龐／庞庞 (lónglóng).
|
|disorderly • messy • huge • big
|龐 • (bang, nong) · 龐 • (bang, nong) (hangeul 방, 농, revised bang, nong, McCune–Reischauer pang, nong, Yale pang, nong)
|disorderly • huge, big • high
|chữ Hán form of bàng (“used in Chinese derived compounds to mean big, large, disorderly, messy or to refer to the face”). • chữ Hán form of Bàng (“referring to the Hồng Bàng dynasty and the associated surname”).
|龐
|-
|龔
|Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kíng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kióng
|Alternative form of 供 (“to supply”) • Alternative form of 恭 (gōng, “to respect”) • to follow; to obey • a surname
|
|give • present • referential
|龔 • (gong) · 龔 • (gong) (hangeul 공, revised gong, McCune–Reischauer kong, Yale kong)
|polite, reverent • to supply • respect
|
|龔
|}
|}


{{Common-Han-Characters}}
{{Common-Han-Characters}}

Revision as of 01:31, 31 July 2024

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一Ｅ 二Ｅ 三Ｅ 四Ｅ 五Ｅ 六Ｅ 七Ｅ
一Ｕ 二Ｕ 三Ｕ 四Ｕ 五Ｕ 六Ｕ 七Ｕ
一Ｗ 二Ｗ 三Ｗ 四Ｗ 五Ｗ 六Ｗ 七Ｗ
character English zh [s:etymology_text] English zh [ld:sounds ls:tags,s:zh-pron] English zh [ld:senses ls:glosses] English ja [ld:head_templates s:expansion] English ja [ld:senses ls:glosses] English ko [ld:head_templates s:expansion] English ko [ld:senses ls:glosses] English vi [ld:head_templates s:expansion] English ko [ld:senses ls:glosses] character
丐 Characters in the same phonetic series (丐) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Corruption of 匄. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : koi³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : goi³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kài • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kat • Middle-Chinese : kajH to beg for alms • to give • beggar • a surname beggar • beg • give 丐 (eumhun 빌 개 (bil gae)) canonical : 丐: Hán Việt readings: cái 丐: Nôm readings: cái • canonical : gái 丐
並 From the clerical script (隸書) of 竝 (OC *beːŋʔ), originally depicting two people standing side-by-side. ‖ From the clerical script (隸書) of 竝 (OC *beːŋʔ), originally depicting two people standing side-by-side. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bing⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bing³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pīng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pǐng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phīng • Middle-Chinese : bengX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bong⁶ to be side by side; to be in a row • simultaneously; at the same time • Used before a negative for emphasis; actually; in fact • and; moreover; furthermore • (Southern Min) than • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to compete; to match one's strength with • (Taiwanese Hokkien) the most • (～母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 並 (MC bengX) ‖ Alternative form of 傍 (“to be near; approaching”) ‖ 並(なみ) • (nami) ‖ 並(なみ) • (-nami) ‖ something medium, average, common, ordinary • a row or line of things ‖ average, medium 並 (eumhun 나란히 병 (naranhi byeong)) · 並 (eumhun 아우를 병 (aureul byeong)) · 並 (eumhun 곁 방 (gyeot bang)) · 並 (eumhun 땅 이름 반 (ttang ireum ban)) hanja form of 병 (“side by side, together, in order”) • hanja form of 병 (“combine, annex”) • hanja form of 방 (“side, vicinity”) • hanja form of 반 (“used in place names”) Hán-Nôm : tịnh 並
丫 Appeared c. 1000, much later than the alternative forms. \ Pictogram (象形) . A fork in a branch or path. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aa¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : a • Middle-Chinese : 'ae bifurcation; fork • forked • (Beijing Mandarin, colloquial, derogatory) he; she • (Beijing Mandarin, colloquial) A derogatory appositive attached to second- and third-person pronouns. bifurcation • fork 丫 (eumhun 가닥 아 (gadak a)) Hán-Nôm : a • Hán-Nôm : nha 丫
乍 Pictogram (象形) – an axe chopping wood. Original form of 柞. ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsà • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsèe • Middle-Chinese : dzraeH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsànn suddenly • at first • (Eastern Min) just; exactly • (Eastern Min) only a short while ago; just ‖ (Southern Min) to deep-fry slightly Although 乍 (eumhun 잠깐 사 (jamkkan sa)) (for) a short time Hán-Nôm : chạ • Hán-Nôm : sạ • Hán-Nôm : cha • Hán-Nôm : sã • Hán-Nôm : chả 乍
乒 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bing¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ping¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phin • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phín • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phing (onomatopoeia) ping! • Short for 乒乓球 (pīngpāngqiú, “ping pong; table tennis”). 乒
乓 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bam¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phóng (onomatopoeia) pang!, pong!, bang! Hán-Nôm : bang 乓
乖 Cantonese · Jyutping : gwaai¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄞ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuai • Middle-Chinese : kweaj clever; alert • (usually of a child or animal) well-behaved; docile; obedient; nice; untroublesome • (literary, or in compounds) to violate; to rebel • (literary, or in compounds) to separate; to split • (literary, or in compounds) to break off; to cut off • (literary, or in compounds) difference; mistake • (literary, or in compounds) unnatural; strange • (Sichuanese, Xiang) beautiful to diverge, to disobey, to go against 乖 (eumhun 어그러질 괴 (eogeureojil goe)) Hán-Nôm : quai • Hán-Nôm : quay 乖
亂 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roːns) : phonetic 𤔔 (*[r]ˁo[n]-s) + semantic 乚. The left-side component 𤔔 is itself ideogrammatic, depicting the effort to comb a tangle of threads, hence the semantic link to order and disorder. \ Area word of Austroasiatic origin. Compare Khmer ប្រួល (pruəl, “changing; unstable”) < Khmer រួល (ruəl, “to cook; to grill”), and also Khmer កំរោល (kɑmraol, “to go berserk; to become excited”) < Khmer រោល (rool, “to burn; to roast”) (Schuessler, 2007). Burmese ရုန်း (run:, “to struggle, to warp, to cause chaos”) and Tibetan ཁྲལ་ཁྲུལ (khral khrul, “fragments; scattered”) are Austroasiatic loans. Compare also Vietnamese lộn (“to turn the inside out, upside down, to reverse, to return, etc.”) and trộn (“to mix; to blend; to turn upside down”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roːns) : phonetic 𤔔 (*[r]ˁo[n]-s) + semantic 乚. The left-side component 𤔔 is itself ideogrammatic, depicting the effort to comb a tangle of threads, hence the semantic link to order and disorder. \ Area word of Austroasiatic origin. Compare Khmer ប្រួល (pruəl, “changing; unstable”) < Khmer រួល (ruəl, “to cook; to grill”), and also Khmer កំរោល (kɑmraol, “to go berserk; to become excited”) < Khmer រោល (rool, “to burn; to roast”) (Schuessler, 2007). Burmese ရုန်း (run:, “to struggle, to warp, to cause chaos”) and Tibetan ཁྲལ་ཁྲུལ (khral khrul, “fragments; scattered”) are Austroasiatic loans. Compare also Vietnamese lộn (“to turn the inside out, upside down, to reverse, to return, etc.”) and trộn (“to mix; to blend; to turn upside down”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luān • Middle-Chinese : lwanH ‖ disorderly; chaotic • unstable; volatile; turbulent • unrest; uprising; revolt; rebellion • confused; befuddled • distraught; upset • promiscuous • wildly; in an uncontrolled way; without order or reason; at random; haphazardly; having no direction or coherence; recklessly; arbitrarily • to obscure; to blur; to mix up • to destroy; to ruin; to throw into disorder; to upset • (obsolete, literary, music or poetry) coda; finale; conclusion of a piece • (Classical) to administer; to govern; to manage • (rare and obsolete) to cross a body of water ‖ (Teochew) casually; as one pleases turbulent 亂 (eumhun 어지러울 란 (eojireoul ran), word-initial (South Korea) 어지러울 난 (eojireoul nan)) hanja form of 란/난 (“confusion, state of chaos”) • hanja form of 란/난 (“create chaos, revolt”) Hán-Nôm : loạn • Hán-Nôm : trộn • Hán-Nôm : lộn 亂
些 ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sia • Hokkien · Tai-lo : se • Middle-Chinese : sjae ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : so³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sai³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : so¹ • Middle-Chinese : saH • Middle-Chinese : sejH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄛ some; a few; a little; a bit (an indefinite amount) • (used after adjectives and certain verbs) a bit; a bit more • rather; somewhat • (archaic) A modal particle. ‖ A modal particle. • (figurative) fu (poetry) • ^‡ can; be able to • ^‡ what • ^‡ this ‖ ^‡ to decrease a few, a little; some • sometimes 些 (eum 사 (sa)) little Hán-Nôm : ta • Hán-Nôm : tá chữ Hán form of ta (“I; me; we; us”). 些
亞 Pictogram (象形) : an overhead view of a construction, likely a 亞-shaped tomb. \ Probably from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔrak (“inferior; dependent”), whence Tibetan རག (rag, “to depend on; subject; subservient; dependent”) (Bodman, 1980; Coblin, 1986). \ Karlgren (1957) connects it to 惡 (OC *qaːɡ, “evil”), but Schuessler (2007) considers this to be unlikely due to the semantics. \ The shangsheng pronunciation in Mandarin (yǎ) is a result of influence from the pronunciation of 啞／哑 (yǎ), whose written form contains 亞 as a component (Fu, 1958). ‖ ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : a • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : à • Middle-Chinese : 'aeH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : a ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aa³ ‖ ^† a house (four walls & windows, seen from above) • second; inferior • Alternative form of 婭／娅 • a surname ‖ (～洲) Short for 亞細亞／亚细亚 (Yàxìyà, “Asia”). ‖ (chiefly dialectal) Alternative form of 阿 (“kinship prefix”) ‖ (Nanning Pinghua) this ‖ rank • follow • sub- prefix ‖ 亞 (eumhun 버금 아 (beogeum a)) ‖ 亞 • (A) (hangeul 아) hanja form of 아 (“second; sub-”) • hanja form of 아 (“ranking next; coming after”) • hanja form of 아 (“Asia (abbreviation)”) • hanja form of 아 (“used as a prefix to names”) ‖ (in headlines) Short for 亞細亞아세아 (Asea, “Asia”). Hán-Nôm : á • Hán-Nôm : a Asia • Asiatic 亞
亨 Pictogram (象形) . An ancestral shrine. ‖ Pictogram (象形) . An ancestral shrine. ‖ Pictogram (象形) . An ancestral shrine. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hang¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hing • Middle-Chinese : xaeng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paang¹ • Middle-Chinese : phjaeng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄤˇ • Middle-Chinese : xjangX smoothly progressing; prosperous • (physics) Short for 亨利 (hēnglì, “henry”). • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 烹 (pēng) ‖ Alternative form of 享 (xiǎng) ‖ 亨(とおる) • (Tōru) pass through • go smoothly ‖ a male given name 亨 • (hyeong, paeng) · 亨 • (hyeong, paeng) (hangeul 형, 팽, revised hyeong, paeng, McCune–Reischauer hyŏng, p'aeng) Hán-Nôm : Hưởng 亨
亮 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raŋs) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 京 (OC *kraŋ, “building; tower”). \ Part of an Austroasiatic word family; compare Khmer [script needed] (-rāṃṅa, “to be light; to be bright”) (Schuessler, 2007), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *raaŋʔ (“light; to shine”); as well as: \ :* ស្រាំង (srang, “to be pale; to be colourless”) with 爽 (OC *sraŋʔ), \ :* [script needed] (brāṅa, “to grow light (after dark)”) with 炳 (OC *praŋʔ). \ :* បំព្រាង (bɑmpriəng, “to shed a pale light”) with 明 (OC *mraŋ). \ Alternatively, STEDT compares it to Proto-Kuki-Chin *klaaŋ-I, *klaan-II (“to shine; light; bright”). Cantonese · Jyutping : loeng⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄤˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄤˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liāng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liōng • Middle-Chinese : ljangH bright; brilliant; radiant • loud and clear • (dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Wu, Xiang) lamp; light • to shine; to illuminate • (neologism) to be the highlight; to be epic • to make one's voice loud and clear; to raise one's voice • to reveal; to disclose • a surname ‖ 亮(りょう) • (Ryō) ^(←りやう (ryau)?) · 亮(あきら) • (Akira) clear • help ‖ a male given name • a male given name 亮 (eum 량 (ryang)) Hán-Nôm : lượng • Hán-Nôm : lương 亮
什 ‖ ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄣˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sam⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sím ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sap⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaap⁶ • Middle-Chinese : dzyip ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄚˊ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : siánn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sánn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siannh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sannh Only used in 什麼／什么 (shénme). ‖ (census) ten families • troop of ten men • set of ten poems • Alternative form of 十 (shí, “ten”), usually used in fractions or multiples. • miscellaneous; assorted • Alternative form of 雜／杂 (zá) • a surname ‖ Only used in 通什. ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 啥 (“what”) (financial, obsolete) ten 什 • (sip, jip) · 什 • (sip, jip) (hangeul 십, 집, revised sip, jip, McCune–Reischauer sip, chip) Hán-Nôm : thập • Hán-Nôm : lặt • Hán-Nôm : thậm 什
仆 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰoːɡs, *pʰus, *pʰoɡs, *bɯːɡ, *pʰoːɡ) : semantic 人 + phonetic 卜 (OC *poːɡ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : puk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phak • Middle-Chinese : phjuH • Middle-Chinese : phjuwH • Middle-Chinese : phuwH • Middle-Chinese : bok to fall forward • to lie prostrate; prone 仆 (eum 부 (bu)) Hán-Nôm : bộc • Hán-Nôm : phó 仆
仇 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡu) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 九 (OC *kuʔ) – spouse. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡu) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 九 (OC *kuʔ) – spouse. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄡˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siû • Middle-Chinese : gjuw ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiû • Middle-Chinese : gjuw hatred; enmity; resentment • enemy; foe; adversary • to make reprisals; to retaliate • to proofread; to check against the original ‖ companion; peer • spouse; mate • a surname ‖ 仇(あだ) • (ada) ‖ 仇(かたき) • (kataki) ‖ foe, enemy ‖ Alternative form of 敵 仇 (eum 구 (gu)) enemy • hate, hatred • enmity Hán-Nôm : cừu 仇
仍 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njɯŋ) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 乃 (OC *nɯːʔ). \ ; “to be done repeatedly; as before” Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiông • Middle-Chinese : nying to follow; to do the same as • to continue; to be done repeatedly • frequently; repeatedly • the eighth generation; numerous (descendants) • still; yet • thus; as a result • a surname 仍 (eum 잉 (ing)) Hán-Nôm : nhưng • Hán-Nôm : nhăng • Hán-Nôm : nhang • Hán-Nôm : những • Hán-Nôm : dưng • Hán-Nôm : dừng • Hán-Nôm : nhẳng • Hán-Nôm : nhùng 仍
仔 Characters in the same phonetic series (子) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔslɯ, *ʔslɯʔ) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 子 (OC *ʔslɯʔ) \ Cognate with 子 (OC *ʔslɯʔ) and 崽 (OC *ʔslɯːʔ, *srɯː, *srɯː). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (子) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔslɯ, *ʔslɯʔ) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 子 (OC *ʔslɯʔ) \ Cognate with 子 (OC *ʔslɯʔ) and 崽 (OC *ʔslɯːʔ, *srɯː, *srɯː). ‖ Hokkien á is a weak form of 囝 (kiáⁿ, káⁿ), as evidenced in older, less reduced forms such as giá (Dictionario Hispanico Sinicum; 彚音妙悟) or iá (Dictionario Hispanico Sinicum; Medhurst, 1832). (Mandarin and Cantonese pronunciations in words borrowed from Southern Min are from etymology 1.) ‖ Hokkien á is a weak form of 囝 (kiáⁿ, káⁿ), as evidenced in older, less reduced forms such as giá (Dictionario Hispanico Sinicum; 彚音妙悟) or iá (Dictionario Hispanico Sinicum; Medhurst, 1832). (Mandarin and Cantonese pronunciations in words borrowed from Southern Min are from etymology 1.) ‖ Weak form of 佮 (kah, kap, “and”). ‖ Weak form of 百 (pah, “hundred”). ‖ Weak form of 旦 (tòaⁿ, “dawn”). ‖ (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) ‖ Cognate with 載 (OC *ʔslɯːʔ, *ʔslɯːs, *zlɯːs, “to load; to carry”). ‖ From 著／着. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsír • Middle-Chinese : tsiX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄞˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄞˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zai² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : á ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiánn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kánn ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : á ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : á • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ah ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : á • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nà ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsi ‖ (domesticated animals or fowls) young • meticulous; fine • (Taiwan) Alternative form of 籽 (zǐ, “seed”) ‖ (Cantonese, dialectal Hakka, Shehua) son (Classifier: 個／个 c; 粒 c) • (Cantonese) child • (Cantonese, slang) boyfriend (Classifier: 條／条 c) • (Cantonese, slang) (young) male (Classifier: 條／条 c; 隻／只 c) • (Cantonese, dialectal Hakka, Northern Min) Diminutive suffix. · Denotes a young male of a particular trait. • (Cantonese, dialectal Hakka, Northern Min) Diminutive suffix. · Denotes a young male of a particular occupation or background, often demeaningly. • (Cantonese, dialectal Hakka, Northern Min) Diminutive suffix. · Used to call somebody affectionately. (For names, it is only used for males.) • (Cantonese, dialectal Hakka, Northern Min) Diminutive suffix. · Demeaningly denotes somebody of a particular occupation or position. • (Cantonese, dialectal Hakka, Northern Min) Diminutive suffix. · Denotes a young animal. • (Cantonese, dialectal Hakka, Northern Min) Diminutive suffix. · Denotes something that is small in size. • (Cantonese, dialectal Hakka, Northern Min) Diminutive suffix. · Denotes the younger sibling of one's spouse. • (Cantonese, dialectal Hakka, Northern Min) Diminutive suffix. · Used with single-syllable nouns without denoting a specific meaning. • (Cantonese) Used after a classifier to indicate that something is small in size and/or quantity. • (Cantonese, slang, neologism) Suffix placed after a verb or adjective to sound cute and affectionate. ‖ a diminutive suffix for nouns, adjectives or quantities • a suffix that converts a verb or adjective into a noun • a suffix placed after a name or title, used endearingly, humorously or pejoratively ‖ Alternative form of 囝, especially when used as a suffix. ‖ (Southern Min) An interfix placed between two nouns to show the relationship between the two objects. ‖ (Southern Min) An interfix placed between two numbers to denote the value of 100, i.e. x 仔 y = 100x + 10y. ‖ (Southern Min) An interfix used limitedly in certain temporal location adverbs. ‖ a suffix used after nouns • a suffix that makes a derogatory slur ‖ Only used in 仔肩 (zījiān). ‖ Used to show a verb has been completed before the last verb of a sentence, often in a sequence of events. • Used to indicate the present perfective. offspring (animal) • detailed, fine 仔 (eum 자 (ja)) Hán-Nôm : tử • Hán-Nôm : tể 仔
仗 Derived from 杖 (OC *daŋʔ) "cane, staff", with suffix *-s → *-h → 去聲／去声 (qùshēng), attested in Zuozhuan as 杖 (zhàng) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for etymology. Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄤˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiǒng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiāng • Middle-Chinese : drjangX • Middle-Chinese : drjangH weaponry; weapons; arms • to hold a weapon • war; battle • (obsolete) guard; escort • to depend; to rely ‖ 仗(つえ) • (tsue) ^(←つゑ (twe)?) ‖ 仗(つわもの) • (tsuwamono) ^(←つはもの (tufamono)?) ‖ 仗(まわり) • (mawari) ^(←まはり (mafari)?) ‖ 仗(じょう) • (jō) ^(←ぢやう (dyau)?) ‖ Alternative spelling of 杖 (“a cane, a crook, a walking stick”) ‖ Alternative spelling of 兵 (“weaponry; a soldier, a warrior; a courageous person, a brave; someone who is very confident, even obstinate”) ‖ Alternative spelling of 回り, etc.: surroundings; around; turning ‖ military strength • reliable, dependable 仗 (eum 장 (jang)) Hán-Nôm : trượng • Hán-Nôm : dượng 仗
份 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan⁶⁻² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hūn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hùn share; part; portion • duty • degree; extent; level; standard • Classifier for things that are part of a whole.; part; portion • Classifier for servings. • Classifier for copies, documents, newspapers, periodicals.; copy • (colloquial, used with erhua) Classifier for appearances or states. • Suffix used after 省, 縣／县, 年, 月, etc. portion • part • duty 份 (eum 빈 (bin)) portion • part • duty Hán-Nôm : phần • Hán-Nôm : phân 份
仿 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fong² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hóng • Middle-Chinese : phjangX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pong⁴ to imitate • to resemble; to be similar • characters written after a calligraphy model • a surname: Fang ‖ Alternative form of 彷 (“to waver”) imitate • copy • as if • stand still • wander 仿 (eum 방 (bang)) imitate • similar to Hán-Nôm : phảng • Hán-Nôm : phẳng • Hán-Nôm : phàng • Hán-Nôm : phần • Hán-Nôm : phỏng 仿
伊 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qlil) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 尹 (OC *ɢʷlinʔ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(h)i ~ *(h)aj (“this; here”). Cognate with Burmese ဤ (i, “this”). ‖ From 渠 (MC gjo, “he; she; it”). \ In Southern Sixian Hakka: /ki/ → /i/. \ In Wu (You, 1995): /ɡ-/ → /dʑ-/ → /ɦ-/ ( → /ʔ-/). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : i • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ī • Middle-Chinese : 'jij ‖ (literary) this; that • (literary, formal or Coastal Min) he, him; she, her; it • (literary) you (singular) • (～水, ～河) Yi River (a tributary of the Luo River in Henan, China) • a surname • Short for 伊拉克 (Yīlākè, “Iraq”). • Short for 伊朗 (Yīlǎng, “Iran”). ‖ (Southern Sixian Hakka, Wu) he, him; she, her; it ‖ 伊(い) • (I) ‖ 伊(い) • (i) ‖ Short for イタリア (Italia, “Italy”). ‖ Short for 伊太利 (Italia, “Italy”). • Short for 伊賀 (Iga, “Iga”). 伊 (eumhun 저 이 (jeo i)) canonical : 伊: Hán Việt readings: y 伊: Nôm readings: y • canonical : ì 伊
伍 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːʔ) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 五 (OC *ŋaːʔ). Also ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) . ‖ From 亻 (denoting one octave higher in Kunqu) + 五 (wǔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : góo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gǒo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gōo • Middle-Chinese : nguX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˇ troop of five soldiers • (figuratively) military • ally; company • (financial) Alternative form of 五 (“five”) • a surname: Wu, Woo, Ng, or Eng ‖ (music) Kunqu gongche notation for the note high la (6̇). (financial, dated) five • five (mahjong) 伍 (eumhun 다섯사람 오 (daseotsaram o)) hanja form of 오 (“five”) Hán-Nôm : ngũ five 伍
伙 Phono-semantic compound (形聲) and ideogrammic compound (會意): semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 火/ semantic 火. Cantonese · Jyutping : fo² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄛˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hónn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hér • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hé • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hué companion; colleague • group of such people • Classifier for groups of people. • jointly • meal; food • (Hong Kong) Classifier for flats or families. • a surname companion; colleague; utensils 伙 (eum 화 (hwa)) Hán-Nôm : lõa • Hán-Nôm : loã • Hán-Nôm : hỏa • Hán-Nôm : hoả • Hán-Nôm : hõa • Hán-Nôm : hoã • Hán-Nôm : lỏa • Hán-Nôm : loả 伙
估 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːʔ) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 古 (OC *kaːʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːʔ) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 古 (OC *kaːʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kóo • Middle-Chinese : kuX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gu³ to estimate (an amount, value, etc.) • (Cantonese) to guess • (literary) price • (literary) merchant; businessperson ‖ Only used in 估衣 (gùyi, “secondhand clothes for sale”). 估 (eum 고 (go)) Hán-Nôm : cô • Hán-Nôm : cố 估
伶 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːŋ) : semantic 人 (“man; person”) + phonetic 令 (OC *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : líng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Middle-Chinese : leng (historical) court musician; performer • (dated) actor • solitary; lonely • clever • a surname clever • actor • smart 伶 (eum 령 (ryeong)) Hán-Nôm : rành • Hán-Nôm : lanh • Hán-Nôm : linh • Hán-Nôm : nhanh • Hán-Nôm : rảnh • Hán-Nôm : ranh • Hán-Nôm : rình • Hán-Nôm : lánh 伶
佃 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tin⁴ • Middle-Chinese : den ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : din⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tān • Middle-Chinese : denH (literary) to till; to cultivate • (literary) Alternative form of 畋 (tián, “to hunt”) ‖ to rent and till land from a landlord • (obsolete) land rent • (dialectal) to rent • a surname ‖ 佃(つくだ) • (tsukuda) ‖ cultivated rice field 佃 (eum 전 (jeon)) Hán-Nôm : điền 佃
佑 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷɯs) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 右 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ, *ɢʷɯs). \ Exoactive derivation of 右 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ, *ɢʷɯs, “right”). \ “Right” and “left” are metaphors for “to assist” via the following semantic development: “left or right” > “to be on the left or right of a person” > “to assist, to help, to protect”. \ Compare the derivation of 佐 (OC *ʔsaːls, “to assist; to help”) from 左 (OC *ʔsaːlʔ, *ʔsaːls, “left”). Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iū • Middle-Chinese : hjuwH to assist; to help; to protect • (alt. form 祐) to bless • a surname • (Taiwan) yotta- (SI unit prefix) ‖ 佑(ゆう) • (Yū) To help ‖ a male given name 佑 • (u) · 佑 • (u) (hangeul 우, revised u, McCune–Reischauer u) Hán-Nôm : hữu • Hán-Nôm : hựu to assist; to help 佑
你 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *nɯʔ) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 尔 (OC *njelʔ). Alternatively, Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 人 (“person”) + 尔 (“you”) \ Colloquial form of 爾 (OC *njelʔ, “you”) attested since the Tang dynasty. Ultimately from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *na-ŋ (“you”). ‖ Contraction of 你嘅 (ngi2 gê4, “your”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ní ‖ you (the person spoken to or written to) ‖ your Extended shinjitai form of 儞: you 你 (eum 니 (ni)) canonical : 你: Hán Việt readings: nhĩ • canonical : nễ 你: Nôm readings: né • canonical : nể • canonical : nẻ • canonical : nệ 你
佣 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iong commission (amount of money paid to a middleman) 佣
佩 人 (“person”) + 凡 + 巾 (“piece of cloth”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pui³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phuè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phua̍h • Middle-Chinese : bwojH belt ornament; pendant • to wear; to hang (from the waist) • to hold; to carry • to remember in heart • to admire • to surround; to encircle ‖ 佩(はい) • (-hai) ‖ 佩(はい) • (hai) ‖ swords ‖ ancient ornamental belt 佩 (eum 패 (pae)) Hán-Nôm : bội 佩
併 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *breːŋʔ, *breːŋs, *peŋʔ, *peŋs, *beːŋʔ) : semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 并 (OC *peŋ, *peŋs). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bing³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ping³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pìng • Middle-Chinese : pjiengX • Middle-Chinese : bengX • Middle-Chinese : pjiengH to combine; to amalgamate join 併 (eum 병 (byeong)) Hán-Nôm : tính 併
來 Pictogram (象形) of wheat – original character of 麥 (OC *mrɯːɡ, “wheat”) or 麳 (OC *rɯː, “wheat”). The line in the middle represents the ear, the two lines pointing upwards represent leaves, and the lines pointing downwards represent the stem and roots. An additional horizontal line was often added at the top end of the character, possibly used to emphasize the ear of the wheat. Compare 禾. \ This character has been borrowed for “to come” since the oracle bone script. During the Western Zhou and Warring States periods, additional semantic components, such as 止 (“foot”) or 辵 (“to walk”), were added to differentiate the original sense from the borrowed sense. However, these additions were not inherited in later scripts. \ Some consider the derivative 麥 from the addition of 夊 (“to walk slowly”) to be the original form for the meaning “to come”. If so, their meanings have interchanged due to frequent use of 來 for “to come”. \ Shuowen connects “wheat” and “to come” from a mythological standpoint: 天所來也 (“it comes from the heavens”). This may be supported by archaeological evidence, which suggests that wheat is not native to China, but originated in the Fertile Crescent. \ 來 and 麥 have both been reconstructed to begin with *mr- in Old Chinese. The former retains the liquid as /l/, while the latter retains the nasal /m/. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *la-j ~ ra (“to come”) (STEDT). Cognate with 迨 (OC *l'ɯːʔ, “to reach; until”), 賚 (OC *rɯːs, “to bestow”), Burmese လာ (la, “to come”). Also cognate with 蒞 (OC *rɯbs, “to arrive”) according to Schuessler (2007). ‖ Cognate to or same word as 麥 (OC *mrɯːɡ) (Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄞˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lâi • Middle-Chinese : loj ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : loi⁴ • Middle-Chinese : loj to come; to arrive • to happen; to occur • to do (specific meaning depending on the context) • since • next; coming; future • (after a number) about; approximately; around • Used after a verb of motion to indicate movement toward the speaker. • Used before a verb to express volition. • Used with 不 or 得 to express capability. • Used after numerals in colloquial lists. • Meaningless particle for rhythmic purposes. • (Shanghainese) currently • (～母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 來 (MC loj) • a surname ‖ (obsolete) wheat Kyūjitai form of 来 來 (eumhun 올 래 (ol rae), word-initial (South Korea) 올 내 (ol nae)) hanja form of 래 (“to come; to arrive”) Hán-Nôm : lai • Hán-Nôm : lay • Hán-Nôm : lơi • Hán-Nôm : ray • Hán-Nôm : rơi • Hán-Nôm : rời 來
侈 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰjalʔ) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 多 (OC *ʔl'aːl). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g(r/l)aːj (“scatter, sow, dispersedly widely; wide; star”) (STEDT, Schuessler, 2007). \ *Insides Chinese, cognate with 哆 (OC *ʔl'aːlʔ), 移 (OC *lal), 離 (OC *reːls, *rel, *rels) (STEDT); \ *Outsides Chinese, cognate with Burmese ကျယ် (kyai, “wide”), Mizo tai (“scatter, disperse”), Northern Qiang [script needed] (ʁdʐə, “star”) (Mawo), Southern Qiang [Term?] (χdʐe³³pe⁵⁵, “star”) (Taoping), etc. (ibid.). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshí • Middle-Chinese : tsyheX extravagant; wasteful; excessive; luxurious • exaggerated; overstated 侈 (eum 치 (chi)) Hán-Nôm : xỉ • Hán-Nôm : ẩy • Hán-Nôm : xảy • Hán-Nôm : xí • Hán-Nôm : đứa • Hán-Nôm : xẩy • Hán-Nôm : xi 侈
侶 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lǐr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lī • Middle-Chinese : ljoX companion • associate with ‖ 侶(とも) • (tomo) ‖ companion, follower 侶 (eumhun 짝 려 (jjak ryeo), word-initial (South Korea) 짝 여 (jjak yeo)) hanja form of 려/여 (“companion”) Hán-Nôm : lứa • Hán-Nôm : lữ 侶
俄 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːl) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 我 (OC *ŋaːlʔ). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngôo • Middle-Chinese : nga ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngôo suddenly; (very) soon; presently • tilted ‖ Short for 俄羅斯／俄罗斯 (Éluósī).: Russia (A transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia) ‖ 俄(が) • (ga) ‖ sudden, abrupt, unexpected 俄 (eum 아 (a)) canonical : 俄: Hán Việt readings: nga 俄: Nôm readings: nga • canonical : ngoa chữ Hán form of Nga, nga (“Russia, Russian”). • chữ Hán form of nga (“sudden; in an instant”). 俄
俏 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ciu³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiáu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiàu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshió • Middle-Chinese : tshjewH pretty; handsome; smart • charming; lovely • fast-selling; in great demand • (dialectal) to season (foods) like • similar • resemble • pretty • disguise oneself as • dress up • pine away 俏 (eum 소 (so)) like • similar • resemble • pretty Hán-Nôm : tiếu 俏
俐 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lī smooth; clever; sharp clever 俐 (eum 리 (ri)) Hán-Nôm : lợi • Hán-Nôm : lời 俐
俘 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰuw) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 孚 (OC *pʰuw, “to capture”) – to capture. Originally written 孚. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hu • Middle-Chinese : phju to capture (enemy at war) • prisoner of war ‖ 俘(とりこ) • (toriko) ‖ prisoner, captive • slave to one's emotions 俘 • (bu) · 俘 • (bu) (hangeul 부, revised bu, McCune–Reischauer pu) captive 俘
俯 In bronze inscriptions, phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *poʔ) : phonetic 府 (OC *poʔ) + semantic 勹 (“person bending over”). In the modern script 勹 has changed to 亻. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hú • Middle-Chinese : pjuX to bow one's head • to bend down; to bow • to look from above; to overlook; to look down • (honorific) to deign to bend down • to lie down 俯 (eum 부 (bu)) Hán-Nôm : phủ 俯
俱 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : keoi¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geoi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khū • Middle-Chinese : kju all; together; completely; entirely • to accompany; to be together with • to be alike; to be similar • a surname 俱 (eumhun 함께 구 (hamkke gu)) hanja form of 구 (“accompany, together”) Hán-Nôm : câu • Hán-Nôm : cu • Hán-Nôm : gu • Hán-Nôm : cụ • Hán-Nôm : gù 俱
俳 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *brɯːl) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 非 (OC *pɯl). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *brɯːl) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 非 (OC *pɯl). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pai • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pâi • Middle-Chinese : beaj ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄞˊ actor • vaudeville show • (literary) humorous; funny ‖ Only used in 俳佪. actor • haiku 俳 • (bae) · 俳 • (bae) (hangeul 배, revised bae, McCune–Reischauer pae) canonical : 俳: Hán Việt readings: bài 俳
俸 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *poːŋʔ, *boŋs) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 奉 (OC *boŋʔ). \ Exopassive of 奉 (OC *boŋʔ, “to receive”), literally “that which is received” (Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄥˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hǒng • Middle-Chinese : puwngX • Middle-Chinese : bjowngH wages; salary; official emolument • a surname ‖ 俸(ほう) • (hō) ‖ salary 俸 (eum 봉 (bong)) Hán-Nôm : bổng • Hán-Nôm : bóng • Hán-Nôm : bỗng • Hán-Nôm : vụng • Hán-Nôm : bống • Hán-Nôm : phỗng 俸
倔 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡlud) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 屈 (OC *klud, *kʰlud). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwat⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ku̍t • Middle-Chinese : gjut stubborn; obstinate • (Cantonese) blunt; not sharp 倔 (eum 굴 (gul)) Hán-Nôm : quật • Hán-Nôm : oặt • Hán-Nôm : quặt • Hán-Nôm : quất • Hán-Nôm : quịt 倔
倘 ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tong² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thóng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : soeng⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siâng ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : thang if; supposing; in case ‖ Only used in 倘佯. ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 通 (thang, “can; may”) 倘 (eum 당 (dang)) Hán-Nôm : thảng • Hán-Nôm : thẳng • Hán-Nôm : người • Hán-Nôm : thoáng • Hán-Nôm : thoảng • Hán-Nôm : thằng • Hán-Nôm : thoang • Hán-Nôm : thoắng 倘
倚 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uá • Hokkien · Tai-lo : í • Middle-Chinese : 'jeX • Middle-Chinese : 'jeH to lean on; to lean against • to rely on; to depend on; to lean on • to be partial toward; to lean toward to lean on; to lean against • to rely on; to depend on • Alternative form of 椅: chair • Alternative form of 踦, 畸: lame, crippled; unbalanced 倚 • (ui, gi) · 倚 • (ui, gi) (hangeul 의, 기, revised ui, gi, McCune–Reischauer ŭi, ki) Hán-Nôm : ỷ • Hán-Nôm : ấy 倚
倡 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰjaŋ, *tʰjaŋs) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 昌 (OC *tʰjaŋ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰjaŋ, *tʰjaŋs) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 昌 (OC *tʰjaŋ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiàng • Middle-Chinese : tsyhangH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiong • Middle-Chinese : tsyhang to lead (a chorus); to introduce • to sing • to advocate; to recommend; to encourage; to promote; to propagate ‖ professional singer and dancer • musician; actor; entertainer; performer • Alternative form of 娼 (chāng, “prostitute”) prostitute 倡 (eum 창 (chang)) Hán-Nôm : xướng 倡
倦 In the Chu form, a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡrons) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 龹 (). In the Small Seal Script form, a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡrons) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 卷 (OC *ɡron, *kronʔ, *krons, *ɡonʔ). \ Compare Tibetan ཀྱོར་ཀྱོར (kyor kyor, “weak; feeble”), Tibetan ཁྱོར་བ (khyor ba, “to stumble; to move totteringly”), Tibetan འཁྱོར་བ ('khyor ba, “to stagger, to reel”) (Bodman, 1980). Cognate with 痯 (OC *koːnʔ, *koːns, “exhausted”) (Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gyun⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuàn • Middle-Chinese : gjwenH tired; weary in fatigue • languor • grow weary of, lose interest in 倦 (eumhun 게으를 권 (geeureul gwon)) hanja form of 권 (“languor”) Hán-Nôm : quyện • Hán-Nôm : cuộn 倦
值 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *dɯɡs, *dɯɡ) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 直 (OC *dɯɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *dɯɡs, *dɯɡ) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 直 (OC *dɯɡ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ta̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ti̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ti̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tia̍k ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi³ • Middle-Chinese : driH price • (mathematics, computing, etc.) value • to be worth • worthwhile • to be on duty • to face; to confront • (Hokkien) to be a match for; to compare favorably with ‖ (obsolete) to hold upright Alternative form of 値 值 (eum 치 (chi)) Hán-Nôm : trị • Hán-Nôm : trịa 值
偎 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *quːl) : semantic 人 (“man; person”) + phonetic 畏 (OC *quls) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wui¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ue • Middle-Chinese : 'woj to snuggle up to; to lean close to • hidden; unclear • to comfort cling to • cuddle • embrace • fondle 偎 • (oe) · 偎 • (oe) (hangeul 외) come close • approach • embrace • faint, vague 偎
做 Originally a vulgar variant of 作, written ⿰作攵. The component 乍 later corrupted into 古. \ Colloquial form of the departing-tone variant of 作 (MC tsaH, “to do”), to differentiate from the checked-tone variant (now represented by 作). Loss of checked codas in Mandarin has resulted in homophony of the two. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄛˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tserè to do; to perform • to make; to produce • to become • to give (a party, a reception) • to be (a role) • (euphemistic) to make love • (Cantonese) to work at • (Cantonese) to air; to broadcast (to) make/do 做 • (ju, ja) · 做 • (ju, ja) (hangeul 주, 자) Hán-Nôm : tố • Hán-Nôm : súa 做
偵 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zing¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsing • Middle-Chinese : trhjeng • Middle-Chinese : traengH • Middle-Chinese : trhjengH to spy, reconnoiter • detective • Alternative form of 貞／贞 (zhēn, “divination”) investigation, spy, detective 偵 (eumhun 염탐할 정 (yeomtamhal jeong)) hanja form of 정 (“investigation; spy”) Hán-Nôm : trinh • Hán-Nôm : rình • Hán-Nôm : triệng 偵
偷 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰoː) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 俞 (OC *l̥ʰus, *lo). ‖ From on9, reinterpreted as the keystrokes in Simplified Cangjie which produces the character 偷. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄡ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thio • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thoo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thau • Middle-Chinese : thuw ‖ to steal; to snatch • stealthily; secretly; covertly • thief; burglar • to have an extra-marital relationship • to while away without purpose; to drift along • (Cantonese) to exhaust the usage of space ‖ (Hong Kong Cantonese, Internet slang, leetspeak) Alternative form of on9 偷 (eum 투 (tu)) Hán-Nôm : thầu • Hán-Nôm : du • Hán-Nôm : thâu 偷
偽 Simplified from 僞 (爲 → 為). Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋʷrals) : semantic 亻 (“man”) + phonetic 為 (OC *ɢʷal, *ɢʷals, “to make”), originally “artificial”. \ Often thought to be derived from 為 (OC *ɢʷal, “to act as”) (Karlgren, 1956; Wang, 1982; Baxter and Sagart, 2014). \ Alternatively, it may be cognate to 訛 (OC *ŋʷaːl, “erroneous”) (Schuessler, 2007); this may be compared to Tibetan རྔོད (rngod, “to deceive”), though the -d in Tibetan is unexplained (Gong, 1995; Schuessler, 2007; Hill, 2014). \ Jacques (2022, 2023) seems to attempt to unify the two etymologies above. He argues the Middle Chinese initial ng- in both 偽 (MC ngjweH) and 訛 (MC ngwa) come from a middle voice/intransitivizing prefix *ŋ-. 偽, reconstructed as *ŋ-waj-s, would be derived from 為 (OC waj) as the root. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : guī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uî • Middle-Chinese : ngjweH false; counterfeit; bogus; fake; pseudo-; artificial • falsehood; untruthfulness • illegal; illegitimate ‖ 偽(ぎ) • (gi) ‖ 偽(にせ) or 偽(ニセ) • (nise) falsehood, lie • fake, forgery ‖ a falsehood, lie • (logic) a false statement (usually based without facts) ‖ a counterfeit, forgery • an imitation, replica • prefixed to nouns: · counterfeit, forged • prefixed to nouns: · fake, false 偽 (eum 위 (wi)) Hán-Nôm : ngụy • Hán-Nôm : nguỵ 偽
傅 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *paɡs) : semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 尃 (OC *pʰa). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *paɡs) : semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 尃 (OC *pʰa). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pòo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hù • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hū • Middle-Chinese : pjuH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu¹ (literary) teacher; instructor • (literary) to assist • (literary) to teach; to instruct • (literary) to attach to; to adhere to • a surname ‖ (literary) Alternative form of 敷 (fū) • (literary) Alternative form of 敷 (fū) · to apply; to lay on; to lace 傅 (eum 부 (bu)) Hán-Nôm : phó 傅
傘 Pictogram (象形) – pictographic representation of an umbrella. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suànn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sàn • Middle-Chinese : sanX umbrella; parasol • umbrella-like object • parachute • a surname: San ‖ 傘(かさ) or 傘(カサ) • (kasa) (counter 本) ‖ umbrella (cloth-covered frame used for protection against rain or sun) • bell; umbrella (of a jellyfish) 傘 (eumhun 우산 산 (usan san)) hanja form of 산 (“umbrella”) Hán-Nôm : tản • Hán-Nôm : tàn • Hán-Nôm : tán 傘
傳 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tons, *don, *dons) : semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 專 (OC *tjon). \ Related to 轉 (OC *tonʔ, *tons, “to turn around; to transfer”); see there for more. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tons, *don, *dons) : semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 專 (OC *tjon). \ Related to 轉 (OC *tonʔ, *tons, “to turn around; to transfer”); see there for more. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tn̂g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thn̂g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuînn • Middle-Chinese : drjwen ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuān • Middle-Chinese : drjwenH • Middle-Chinese : trjwenH to transfer; to deliver; to transmit; to pass on • to teach; to impart • to pass down; to hand down • to abdicate; to resign sovereign authority • to express; to convey • to summon; to call • to spread; to circulate; to disseminate • (physics) to conduct (electricity or heat) • (Hokkien) to pass on to the next generation; to transmit to the offspring • (Mainland China Hokkien) to summon with a subpoena • (Mainland China Hokkien) to give birth; to procreate; to have children • (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) to prepare; to get ready; to make ready • (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) to set up a trap to make a fool of someone • (Quanzhou Hokkien) to give • (Quanzhou Hokkien) to allow; to let; to permit • (Quanzhou Hokkien) by ‖ (historical) relay station for transmitting documents • (historical) stagecoach; post-chaise • (historical, literature) a category of historical literary works · historical narrative; record; chronicle; historical documents • (historical, literature) a category of historical literary works · commentary; annotation • (historical, literature) a category of historical literary works · paracanonical work (any work that complements a canon or a canonical body of texts but not considered canonical by itself, often including the above) • (literature) biography; life story • (historical, literature) novel or story written in the historical style • to write a biography summon • propagate, transmit 傳 (eumhun 전할 전 (jeonhal jeon)) hanja form of 전 (“transfer”) canonical : 傳: Hán Việt readings: truyền • canonical : truyện • canonical : truyến 傳: Nôm readings: chuyền • canonical : chuyện • canonical : chuyến • canonical : chiện ‖ romanization : truyền ‖ romanization : truyện ‖ romanization : chuyền ‖ romanization : chuyện ‖ chữ Hán form of truyền (“to transmit, to transfer; to impart; to summon; to express”). ‖ chữ Hán form of truyện (“a story, a novel, a fiction book”). ‖ Nôm form of chuyền (“to pass a ball”). ‖ Nôm form of chuyện (“matters, affairs; a tale, a legend”). 傳
傻 Unclear. Possible early forms in Middle Chinese include 𧫝 (MC srwaeX) or 誜 (MC srwaeH), indicating "to speak carelessly; to talk nonsense". Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄚˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sá • Middle-Chinese : srwaeX • Middle-Chinese : srwaeH foolish; silly; stupid • inflexible; naïvely stubborn • blank; dumbfounded • (dialectal Mandarin, including Tianjin Mandarin) very; quite 傻 (eum 사 (sa)) Hán-Nôm : xọa • Hán-Nôm : xoạ • Hán-Nôm : xoe • Hán-Nôm : xọ • Hán-Nôm : xõ 傻
僕 In the oracle bone script and the early Western Zhou bronze script, it was a pictogram (象形) of a slave or prisoner, with hands holding a basket (其) to pick up garbage, an instrument of punishment (辛) above the head, and a tail (尾) to represent the slave's low status, akin to animals. \ 其 later corrupts into 甾, the hands (廾) move below 辛, and the slave's body (人) moves to become the left component. Later, 辛 corrupts into 丵 (probably by fusing with 甾) and combines with 廾 to give 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ), which functions as a phonetic component. \ In the current form, it is essentially a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ) : semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ). \ Probably related to Tibetan བུ (bu, “son; boy”) (Coblin, 1986). \ Alternatively, Peiros and Starostin (1996) compare it to Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “child”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : po̍k • Middle-Chinese : buwk • Middle-Chinese : bowk servant; slave (often male) • (literary, humble, men's speech) I; me; your humble servant • (obsolete) coachman; groom • (obsolete) to attach; to adhere • a surname ‖ 僕(ぼく) • (boku) ‖ 僕(ぼく) or 僕(ボク) • (boku) ‖ 僕(しもべ) • (shimobe) I (masculine speech) • manservant ‖ manservant, servant ‖ (men's speech) I; me (personal pronoun; usually used by males; implies that the speaker is a young boy or otherwise boyish) • you, he, she (only used in reference to a person who uses this term to refer to themselves, or is one who is assumed to use it, such as a young boy) ‖ manservant, servant • a man of low social status • a low-ranking civil servant 僕 (eum 복 (bok)) Hán-Nôm : bộc • Hán-Nôm : bọc 僕
僵 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : goeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiang • Middle-Chinese : kjang (obsolete) to fall down • stiff; rigid • stupefied; dazed; blank • deadlocked fall down • collapse 僵 (eum 강 (gang)) Hán-Nôm : cương 僵
價 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kraːs) : semantic 人 + phonetic 賈 (OC *kraːʔ, *kraːs, *klaːʔ, “sell”). \ Perhaps related to 賈 (OC *kraːʔ, *kraːs, *klaːʔ, “to sell”). ‖ See 介. ‖ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : gaa³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kèe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kà • Middle-Chinese : kaeH ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄚˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄐㄧㄝ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄍㄚ price; cost • value • (chemistry) valence; valency • (linguistics) valence; valency • a surname: Jia ‖ (Hangzhounese) Alternative form of 介 (so, such) ‖ Only used in 㒑價／㒑价 (kuǐqiǎ). ‖ worth, value 價 (eumhun 값 가 (gap ga)) hanja form of 가 (“price; value”) Hán-Nôm : giá 價
僻 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phik • Middle-Chinese : phjiek • Middle-Chinese : phek ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bui⁶ to avoid; to evade • unorthodox • remote; out of the way • uncommon; rare • eccentric; odd; peculiar • (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) codewords used in certain professions or gangs ‖ Alternative form of 背 (“remote; secluded; out-of-the-way”) 僻 (eumhun 후미질 벽 (humijil byeok)) hanja form of 벽 (“remote; out of the way”) • hanja form of 벽 (“uncommon; rare”) Hán-Nôm : tịch 僻
儉 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡramʔ) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gim⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiām • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiǎm • Middle-Chinese : gjemX frugal; thrifty • modest; moderate; temperate • lacking; insufficient • poor harvest • (Taiwanese Hokkien) to save up; to store up • (Teochew, Singapore Hokkien) to save; to economize • a surname 儉 (eumhun 검소하 검 (geomsoha geom)) hanja form of 검 (“frugal, temperate”) Hán-Nôm : kiệm • Hán-Nôm : cợm • Hán-Nôm : hiếm • Hán-Nôm : thiếu 儉
允 Oracle bone script: Pictogram (象形) – a person with the head emphasized, indicating a nod. \ Bronze inscriptions onward (corrupted form): Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lunʔ) : phonetic 㠯 (OC *lɯʔ) + semantic 儿 (“person”). \ Schuessler (2007) minimally reconstructs *winʔ or *junʔ: \ * If *junʔ, then possibly related to Burmese ယုံ (yum, “to believe”); if so, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *yum (“to believe”); other cognates would then be Asho Chin yón-é, Mara Chin zó, Lahu ʑo³¹. \ * If *winʔ, then 信 (OC *hljins) (minimally reconstructed *sin(s)) is its possible derivative. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄣˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄣˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ún • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ín • Middle-Chinese : ywinX ^† to allow; to consent; to permit • ^† fair; just; equitable; even-handed; impartial • ^† proper; suitable; appropriate • ^† honest; genuine • a surname ‖ 允(まこと) • (Makoto) consent • sincerity • permit ‖ a male given name 允 (eum 윤 (yun)) Hán-Nôm : doãn • Hán-Nôm : duẫn 允
兒 Pictogram (象形) : an infant with an imperfect cranium (i.e. fontanelle). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-ŋa-j (“small; inferior; offspring”) (STEDT). Cognate with Burmese ငယ် (ngai, “little; young”), Jingpho shangai (ʃă³¹ ŋai³¹, “to give birth”). \ According to Schuessler (2007), it may be an area word; compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *ŋa(i)k (“baby”), Proto-Bahnaric *ŋaː (“baby”), Khmer ង៉ា (ngaa, “infant; baby”). The word is also cognate with 倪 (OC *ŋeː, “small and weak”). 伢 is the southern dialectal form of 兒 (MC nye, “child; son”). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄦˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jî • Middle-Chinese : nye ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngai⁴ • Middle-Chinese : ngej (now in compounds) child • one's own child; son • (now in compounds) (male) adolescent • (attributive, of animals) male • Non-syllabic noun diminutive suffix. • Suffix after nouns that does not indicate diminutiveness. • Suffix added to some verbs or adjectives to form nouns. • Suffix after a limited number of verbs. • Suffix after certain nouns that result in a different meaning from the unsuffixed form. • Suffix after reduplicated adjectives. ‖ a surname • Alternative form of 齯／𫠜 (ní, “teeth grown in old age”) • Alternative form of 倪 (“small and weak”) • Alternative form of 郳 (Ní) Kyūjitai form of 児 (“child; young of animals”) • Used in personal names. 兒 (eumhun 아이 아 (ai a)) ‖ 兒 (eumhun 다시 난 이 예 (dasi nan i ye)) hanja form of 아 (“child”) ‖ hanja form of 예 (“used in personal names”) canonical : 兒: Hán Việt readings: nhi • canonical : nghê 兒: Nôm readings: nhẻ chữ Hán form of nhi (“child”). 兒
兔 Pictogram (象形) – a rabbit. \ Probably Sino-Tibetan; compare Japhug qala (“rabbit”) (with animal prefix qa-), Lisu ꓕꓳꓽ ꓡꓻ (tʰò lɑ) (Schuessler, 2007; Zhang et al., 2019). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thòo • Middle-Chinese : thuH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢ leporid; rabbit or hare • moon • Short for 伏兔 (“a component of a chariot”). • a surname ‖ Mercury (planet) Rabbit 兔 (eumhun 토끼 토 (tokki to)) hanja form of 토 (“rabbit, hare”) Hán-Nôm : thố • Hán-Nôm : thỏ Rabbit • (by extension) a leporid 兔
兜 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 𠑹 (“cover”) + 皃 (“head”): a helmet. \ Baxter and Sagart (2014) suggests a connection to 頭 (OC *[m-t]ˤo, “head”). See there for more. ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dau¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄡㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : too • Middle-Chinese : tuw ‖ helmet; hood • helmet-shaped • armor • to wrap in a bag; to encase; to carry in a wrap • bag; pouch; plastic bag • pocket • to pocket; to keep; to retain; to acquire dishonestly • to reach • to move around; to move in a circle • to canvass; to solicit • to take responsibility for • to relate in detail • to peddle; to hawk • (Hokkien) home • (Hokkien) nearby • (Singapore Hokkien) place; side; location • (Cantonese) flat or shallow container; flat or shallow bowl • (Cantonese) to contain; to hold in a container; to hold with one's hand(s) in a horizontal positional • (Cantonese) to make a detour; to bypass; to deviate • (Cantonese, of routes or journeys) indirect; lengthy; with detours or deviations • (Cantonese) to explain one's way out of a bad situation • (Cantonese) Classifier for things put in a flat or shallow container. • (Cantonese) to scoop with a flat or shallow container • (Cantonese) to hit with one's limbs, in a curved trajectory; to slap (someone); to kick ‖ (Hakka) some; a few; a little; a bit (an indefinite amount) • (Hakka) Plural marker for pronouns. ‖ 兜(かぶと) • (kabuto) ‖ helmet 兜 (eum 두 (du)) (투구 두, tugu-): helmet (especially, made of iron) Hán-Nôm : đâu 兜
兢 Possibly the vocalic variant of 驚 (OC *kreŋ, “to be afraid; to alarm”) (Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with 謹 (OC *kɯnʔ, “to be careful; to be attentive”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ging¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : king • Middle-Chinese : king (ideophonic) fearful; cautious 兢 (eum 긍 (geung)) Hán-Nôm : cạnh • Hán-Nôm : ganh • Hán-Nôm : căng • Hán-Nôm : giằng 兢
內 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 冂 (“city outskirts”) + 入 (“to enter”) – entering the city through its outskirts - inside, within. \ Related to 入 (OC *njub, “to enter”); see there for more. ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 冂 (“city outskirts”) + 入 (“to enter”) – entering the city through its outskirts - inside, within. \ Related to 入 (OC *njub, “to enter”); see there for more. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄟˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lāi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lǎi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luē • Middle-Chinese : nwojH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naap⁶ inside; interior; internal; inner • (obsolete) room; inner room • (literary) court; imperial palace • woman; wife • heart; mind; self • (traditional Chinese medicine) internal organs • (Buddhism) within Buddhism • 65th tetragram of the Taixuanjing (𝍆) • (Teochew) family • (Teochew) home • (Internet slang) Alternative form of 那 • (Philippine Hokkien) Classifier for servings / helpings of food. ‖ to enter • Original form of 納／纳 (nà, “to pay”). Kyūjitai form of 内 內 (eumhun 안 내 (an nae)) hanja form of 내 (“inside; within”) [dependent noun; prefix] Hán-Nôm : nội ‖ romanization : nội ‖ chữ Hán form of nội. · in; inside; within • chữ Hán form of nội. · inside one's heart; internal; psychological • chữ Hán form of nội. · imperial palace; royal court • chữ Hán form of nội. · wife (and concubine) • chữ Hán form of nội. · woman; a woman's beauty • chữ Hán form of nội. · bedroom; room • chữ Hán form of nội. · internal organs; entrails, bowels, guts • chữ Hán form of nội. · a surname 內
兩 According to Shuowen Jiezi an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 一 + 㒳. Baxter (1992) observes that, in historical forms, the character is two 丙 (OC *praŋʔ) joined together; this would make 丙 the phonetic component in a sort of phono-ideogrammic compound (see also Baxter & Sagart (2014)). \ Unknown. Schuessler (2007) proposes two possible etymologies: \ * Borrowing from Kra-Dai; compare Proto-Tai *rawᴬ (“we”) > Thai เรา (rao, “we”), Zhuang raeuz (“we (inclusive)”); Proto-Kam-Sui *hra¹ (“two”) > Southern Kam yac (“two”), Sui xgaz (“two”). \ * Cognate with Tibetan སྲང (srang, “balance; scale; weight; unit of weight”). \ Derivative: 輛 (OC *raŋs, “chariot”) (literally “that which is paired”, i.e. “a set of wheels”). ‖ According to Shuowen Jiezi an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 一 + 㒳. Baxter (1992) observes that, in historical forms, the character is two 丙 (OC *praŋʔ) joined together; this would make 丙 the phonetic component in a sort of phono-ideogrammic compound (see also Baxter & Sagart (2014)). \ Unknown. Schuessler (2007) proposes two possible etymologies: \ * Borrowing from Kra-Dai; compare Proto-Tai *rawᴬ (“we”) > Thai เรา (rao, “we”), Zhuang raeuz (“we (inclusive)”); Proto-Kam-Sui *hra¹ (“two”) > Southern Kam yac (“two”), Sui xgaz (“two”). \ * Cognate with Tibetan སྲང (srang, “balance; scale; weight; unit of weight”). \ Derivative: 輛 (OC *raŋs, “chariot”) (literally “that which is paired”, i.e. “a set of wheels”). ‖ According to Shuowen Jiezi an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 一 + 㒳. Baxter (1992) observes that, in historical forms, the character is two 丙 (OC *praŋʔ) joined together; this would make 丙 the phonetic component in a sort of phono-ideogrammic compound (see also Baxter & Sagart (2014)). \ Unknown. Schuessler (2007) proposes two possible etymologies: \ * Borrowing from Kra-Dai; compare Proto-Tai *rawᴬ (“we”) > Thai เรา (rao, “we”), Zhuang raeuz (“we (inclusive)”); Proto-Kam-Sui *hra¹ (“two”) > Southern Kam yac (“two”), Sui xgaz (“two”). \ * Cognate with Tibetan སྲང (srang, “balance; scale; weight; unit of weight”). \ Derivative: 輛 (OC *raŋs, “chariot”) (literally “that which is paired”, i.e. “a set of wheels”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄤˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nn̄g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nňg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nōo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liáng • Middle-Chinese : ljangX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄤˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : niú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nióo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : niáu • Middle-Chinese : ljangX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : loeng⁶ • Middle-Chinese : ljangH two • two (used in radio communications in aviation and by the military) • some; few • different; distinct • a surname ‖ tael (a traditional unit of weight) · (Mainland China) Short for 市兩／市两 (shìliǎng, “market tael, equal to 1/10 of a catty or 50 grams”). • tael (a traditional unit of weight) · (Hong Kong) equal to 1/16 of a catty or 37.7994 grams • tael (a traditional unit of weight) · (Taiwan) Short for 臺兩／台两 (“Taiwanese tael, equal to 1/16 of a catty or 37.5 grams”). • tael (a traditional unit of weight) · (historical) metal currency unit used in China and Japan • Short for 公兩／公两 (gōngliǎng, “hectogram”). ‖ Original form of 輛／辆 (liàng). both 兩 (eumhun 두 량 (du ryang), word-initial (South Korea) 두 양 (du yang)) ‖ 兩 (eumhun 냥 냥 (nyang nyang), word-initial (South Korea) 냥 양 (nyang yang)) hanja form of 량 (“both”) ‖ hanja form of 냥 (“(archaic) (units of measure) a liang or tael, a unit of weight equivalent to about 40 g”) • hanja form of 냥 (“(archaic) (units of coinage) a nyang”) Hán-Nôm : lưỡng • Hán-Nôm : lượng • Hán-Nôm : lạng Nôm form of lạng (“tael (unit of weight equal to 37.8 grams)”). • chữ Hán form of lượng (“tael”). • chữ Hán form of lưỡng (“two, both”). 兩
兮 Originally the same character as 乎 (OC *ɢaː). The oracle bone form consists of 丂 (“fork in a tree”) and two vertical strokes above; the two strokes are parallel in most oracle bone attestations, possibly representing finer branches (i.e. the sound produced by wind blows past these branches). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hê • Middle-Chinese : hej (literary) Sentence-internal or final exclamatory particle. • (Central Min, Puxian Min) Possessive particle. • (Southern Min) Alternative form of 个 (possessive particle) 兮 (eum 혜 (hye)) Hán-Nôm : hề 兮
冀 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *krɯls) : semantic 北 + phonetic 異 (OC *lɯɡs). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kì • Middle-Chinese : kijH to look forward to; to hope for; to wish • Alternative name for 河北 (Héběi, “Hebei, a province of China”). ‖ 冀(き) • (ki) ‖ 冀(き) • (Ki) ‖ hope for, look forward to, wish ‖ (historical) Short for 冀州 (Kishū): Ji Province • Synonym of 河北 (Kahoku): Hebei Province 冀 (eumhun 바랄 기 (baral gi)) hanja form of 기 (“to hope; to wish”) Hán-Nôm : kí 冀
冉 Pictogram (象形) – uncertain. Possibly depicts hair hanging down (the original form of 髯) or the edge of a turtle shell (the original form of 𪚮). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liám • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiám • Middle-Chinese : nyem • Middle-Chinese : nyemX (archaic) edge of a turtle shell • Used in 冉冉 (rǎnrǎn). • (obsolete) tender; weak • a surname 冉 (eum 염 (yeom)) Hán-Nôm : nhiễm 冉
冗 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 宀 (“roof”) + 儿 (“person”) — a person at home without work to do. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jióng superfluous; unnecessary; surplus; uncalled-for; spare; excessive; redundant • complicated and tedious; overloaded with details • busy routine superfluous • uselessness canonical : 冗: Hán Việt readings: nhũng 冗: Nôm readings: nũng • canonical : nhõng • canonical : nhũng • canonical : đem • canonical : nhùng 冗
冤 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 冖 (“cover”) + 兔 (“rabbit”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : un • Middle-Chinese : 'jwon to wrong; to treat unjustly • not cost-effective • (literary, or in compounds) grievance; unjust • (literary, or in compounds) enmity; hatred • (Cantonese) to pester; to bother; to annoy • (Cantonese) Alternative form of 㾓 (jyun¹, “sore; achy and tired”) • (Southern Min) to argue; to quarrel ‖ 冤(えん) • (en) ^(←ゑん (wen)?) false charge • hatred ‖ false charge 冤 (eumhun 원통할 원 (wontonghal won)) hanja form of 원 (“grievance; injustice; wrong”) Hán-Nôm : oan 冤
冰 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pŋrɯŋ, *ŋrɯŋ) : semantic 水 + phonetic 仌 (OC *pŋrɯŋ, *ŋrɯŋ). \ The above vulgar character in Shuowen Jiezi is 凝. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-p(w)am (“to freeze; snow”) (provisionally reconstructed). Compare Proto-Tani *pam (“snow”), Japhug jpɣom (“to freeze”), tɤjpɣom (“ice”), and perhaps Tangut 𘒓 (*par¹, “to congeal”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007; Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019; Jacques, 2014). \ Within Chinese, 凌 (OC *rɯŋ, “ice”) and possibly 凝 (OC *ŋrɯŋ, “to congeal”) are usually considered cognates (STEDT; Zhengzhang, 2003; Schuessler, 2007; Baxter and Sagart, 2014). However, they are phonologically difficult to reconcile with the Tibeto-Burman cognates above (cf. Schuessler, 2007). \ STEDT also includes 雱 (OC *pʰaːŋ, “heavy (snowfall)”) and 霙 (OC *qraŋ, “snowflake”) in the Chinese comparandum of Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-p(w)am. \ Alternatively, this may be related to Old Khmer ប្រិង៑ (“to harden; to solidify”), from រិង៑ (“to dry up”), although the meanings are difficult to reconcile (Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ping • Middle-Chinese : ping ice (Classifier: 塊／块 m c; 嚿 c) • ice-cold • to freeze; to ice • (slang, drug) methamphetamine; meth; ice • a surname: Bing Alternative form of 氷 冰 (eumhun 얼음 빙 (eoreum bing)) Alternative form of 氷 (“hanja form of 빙 (“ice”)”) canonical : 冰: Hán Việt readings: băng 冰: Nôm readings: băng • canonical : phăng • canonical : bâng • canonical : văng • canonical : bưng chữ Hán form of băng (“ice”). 冰
凌 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯŋ) : semantic 冫 (“ice”) + phonetic 夌 (OC *rɯŋ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-p(w)am (“to freeze; snow”) (provisionally reconstructed) (STEDT). \ :Insides Sinitic, 凌 (OC *p.rəŋ ~ [r]əŋ) is cognate with 冰 (OC *p.rəŋ), 雱 (OC *pʰˁaŋ) "heavy snowfall", 霙 (OC *qraŋ, “*ʔraŋ”) "snowflake, sleet", & possibly also 凝 (OC [ŋ](r)əŋ) "to congeal" (STEDT; Baxter and Sagart, 2014); \ :Outsides Sinitic, cognate with Proto-Tani *pam (“snow”), Japhug jpɣom (“to freeze”), tɤjpɣom (“ice”) (STEDT; Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019). \ Alternatively, 冰 (OC *prjəŋ ~ prəŋ?) and 凌 (OC *b-rjəŋ ~ rəŋ) may be related to Old Khmer ប្រិង៑ (“to harden; to solidify”) from រិង៑ (“to dry up”), although the meanings are difficult to reconcile (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯŋ) : semantic 冫 (“ice”) + phonetic 夌 (OC *rɯŋ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-p(w)am (“to freeze; snow”) (provisionally reconstructed) (STEDT). \ :Insides Sinitic, 凌 (OC *p.rəŋ ~ [r]əŋ) is cognate with 冰 (OC *p.rəŋ), 雱 (OC *pʰˁaŋ) "heavy snowfall", 霙 (OC *qraŋ, “*ʔraŋ”) "snowflake, sleet", & possibly also 凝 (OC [ŋ](r)əŋ) "to congeal" (STEDT; Baxter and Sagart, 2014); \ :Outsides Sinitic, cognate with Proto-Tani *pam (“snow”), Japhug jpɣom (“to freeze”), tɤjpɣom (“ice”) (STEDT; Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019). \ Alternatively, 冰 (OC *prjəŋ ~ prəŋ?) and 凌 (OC *b-rjəŋ ~ rəŋ) may be related to Old Khmer ប្រិង៑ (“to harden; to solidify”) from រិង៑ (“to dry up”), although the meanings are difficult to reconcile (Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Middle-Chinese : ling ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄥˋ ice • to rise high; to go up; to climb over; to traverse • to place oneself above; to override; to transgress • to ride (wind, etc.) • to bully and humiliate; to insult; to encroach on; to invade • to risk; to brave • to approach; to draw near; to close in on • to tremble • disorderly; messy • a surname ‖ to freeze up; to form ice endure • keep (rain) out • stave off • tide over • defy • slight • surpass 凌 (eumhun 업신여길 릉 (eopsinyeogil reung), word-initial (South Korea) 업신여길 능 (eopsinyeogil neung)) · 凌 (eumhun 능가할 릉 (neunggahal reung), word-initial (South Korea) 능가할 능 (neunggahal neung)) hanja form of 릉 (“to place oneself above; to override”) Hán-Nôm : lăng • Hán-Nôm : lăn • Hán-Nôm : lâng • Hán-Nôm : lừng • Hán-Nôm : rưng • Hán-Nôm : dưng Surname 凌
几 Pictogram (象形) – stool (viewed from the side). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *krəj (“foot, leg; stool”). Compare Tibetan ཁྲི (khri) and Burmese ခြေ (hkre). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kí • Middle-Chinese : kjijX stool; chair • long narrow table; bench • small table table, table enclosure • table or wind radical 几 (eumhun 안석 궤 (anseok gwe)) back rest • desk Hán-Nôm : kỉ 几
凰 Originally 皇. A spurious 𠘨 was added by the assimilation with 鳳. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hông • Middle-Chinese : hwang (Chinese mythology) female fenghuang (a mythological bird) a female phoenix 凰 (eum 황 (hwang)) Hán-Nôm : hoàng 凰
凳 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tɯːŋs) : phonetic 登 (OC *tɯːŋ) + semantic 几 (“table; stool”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄥˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tìng • Middle-Chinese : tongH bench, stool • (dialectal) chair (Classifier: 張／张 c) 凳 (eum 등 (deung)) Hán-Nôm : đắng • Hán-Nôm : đẵng • Hán-Nôm : đặng 凳
函 Originally 圅, a pictogram (象形) – an upside-down arrow stored inside a box with one or two handles. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haam⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hâm • Middle-Chinese : hom • Middle-Chinese : heam ^† to include • ^† box • (formal) letter (Classifier: 個／个 m) ‖ a box-shaped receptacle, e.g. a coin bank or letter box (e.g. 銭函, 投函する) • to insert [into a container] (cf. 入れる, 容れる) • a suit of armor (more commonly 鎧) ‖ 函 (eumhun 함 함 (ham ham)) hanja form of 함 (“box”) [noun] Hán-Nôm : hòm • Hán-Nôm : hàm 函
刁 Variant of 刀 (dāo). Cantonese · Jyutping : diu¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄠ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiau • Middle-Chinese : tew treacherous; crafty; deceitful • to tempt • unkind • stammering • picky about food • to wring • to inveigle • ear of grains • to make (time) • a surname ‖ 刁(とら) • (Tora) ‖ (obsolete, used in 15-17 century) Alternative form of 寅 (the third of the twelve Earthly Branches) 刁 (eum 조 (jo)) Hán-Nôm : điêu 刁
刈 Originally written 乂. Now phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋads) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : phonetic 乂 (OC *ŋads, “to mow”) + semantic 刂 (“knife”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-ŋa-p (“to mow, cut, reap”) (STEDT, Schuessler, 2007). \ Cognate with Tibetan རྔ་བ (rnga ba), བརྔས (brngas), and colloquial Western Tibetan རྔབ་བ (rngab ba), which Coblin (1986) and STEDT treat as more conservative. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngaai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngāi • Middle-Chinese : ngjojH to mow; to cut; to weed • (obsolete) crops that have been cut • (literary) sickle • (literary) to kill; to chop; to lop • (literary) to eradicate; to eliminate • a surname reap, cut (grass or other plants), prune 刈 (eumhun 깍을 예 (kkageul ye)) hanja form of 예 (“to mow”) Hán-Nôm : ngãi 刈
划 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koːlʔ, *koːls, *ɡroːl) : phonetic 戈 (OC *koːl) + semantic 刀. ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waa⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huâ • Middle-Chinese : hwae ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : kò to row; to paddle • to calculate; to be profitable; to be a good deal ‖ to row; to paddle 划 (eum 화 (hwa)) Hán-Nôm : hoa • Hán-Nôm : quả 划
別 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 冎 (“bone”) + 刂 (“knife”) – to cut up bone and flesh. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *brat (“cut apart, cut open”). Cognate to 八 (OC *preːd, “to divide; to differentiate”), 列 (OC *red), 裂 (OC *red). \ Mei (2008) proposes that the intransitive sense "to leave, to part" (with voiced initial *b- in Middle Chinese) is primary and that the transitive sense "to discriminate, to discriminate" (with voiceless initial *p-) is derived from the intransitive sense with the Old Chinese causative prefix *s-, resulting in a devoicing effect: *s-b- > *s-p- > *p-; compare 黑 (OC *s-mək, “black”) from 墨 (OC *mək, “ink”). On the other hand, Sagart and Baxter (2012) consider the intransitive sense to be derived from the transitive sense (*pret) by prefixation of *N-, resulting in a voicing effect: *N-p- > *N-b- > *b-; compare 敗 (OC *N-pˤrat-s, “to suffer defeat”) from 敗 (OC *pˤrat-s, “to defeat”). \ Sense "do not" is a contraction of 不要 (bùyào). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄝˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pa̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pia̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piat • Middle-Chinese : bjet • Middle-Chinese : pjet (literary) to divide; to separate • to distinguish; to differentiate; to discriminate • distinction; difference; contrast • group; class; kind • to leave; to part • (Wu, dialectal Mandarin) to turn; to change • to pin; to clip • to stick something in; to bolt • (Southern Min) to interpret (one's fortune); to predicate • another; other • special; unique; peculiar; particular • misspelled; erroneous • by oneself; on one's own; separately • had better not; do not; don't • particle used with 是 after it to express supposition, often an imagined unfavourable scenario • a surname ‖ 別(べつ) • (betsu) -na (adnominal 別(べつ)な (betsu na), adverbial 別(べつ)に (betsu ni)) ‖ 別(べつ) • (betsu) ‖ 別(べつ) • (-betsu) ‖ 別(べち) • (bechi) ^†-nari ‖ 別(べち) • (bechi) ‖ different, separate, another ‖ difference • another • exception ‖ separated by ‖ different, separate, another ‖ difference 別 (eumhun 다를 별 (dareul byeol)) hanja form of 별 (“difference”) Hán-Nôm : biệt • Hán-Nôm : biết • Hán-Nôm : bét • Hán-Nôm : bết • Hán-Nôm : bệt • Hán-Nôm : bịt • Hán-Nôm : bẹt • Hán-Nôm : bít 別
刨 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bruː) : phonetic 包 (OC *pruː) + semantic 刀 (“knife”). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phâu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paau⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paau⁴⁻² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phâu to dig • (Mandarin, colloquial) to deduct; to take away; to exclude ‖ plane; planer; planing machine • to shave; to plane • (Cantonese, Shanghainese) grater • (Cantonese) to grate carpenter's plane • plane • level 刨 (eum 포 (po)) carpenter's plane • plane • level Hán-Nôm : bào 刨
刮 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kroːd) : phonetic 𠯑 (OC *ɡroːd) + semantic 刀 (“knife”). ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : gwaat³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄚ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuih • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kueh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khue • Middle-Chinese : kwaet ‖ to shave; to pare off; to scrape • Alternative form of 颳／刮 (guā, “to blow”) • to wipe; to sweep • to plunder; to extort • (colloquial) to reprimand; to scold • (Cantonese, slang) to find someone ‖ (Hakka) very 刮 (eumhun 깎을 괄 (kkakkeul gwal)) hanja form of 괄 (“to cut; to shave; to peel”) canonical : 刮: Hán Việt readings: quát 刮: Nôm readings: quát chữ Hán form of quát (“to scrape off; to pare; to make thin”). • Nôm form of quát (“to shout; to storm; to yell”). 刮
剃 Possibly a post-Han variant of 剔 (OC *l̥ʰeːɡ) (Schuessler, 2007). Cantonese · Jyutping : tai³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thih • Middle-Chinese : thejH to shave (hair) to shave 剃 • (che) · 剃 • (che) (hangeul 체) 剃
剔 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰeːɡ) : phonetic 易 (OC *leːɡs, *leɡ) + semantic 刀 (“knife”). ‖ ‖ Borrowed from English tick (Cheung, 2007, page 219). \ ; "to take (attendance)" Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiak • Middle-Chinese : thek ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tai³ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : tik¹ to pick meat from bones • to pick (with a pointed instrument); to scrape • to pick out; to weed out • (dialectal) to pick; to choose ‖ Alternative form of 剃 (tì, “to shave”) ‖ tick; checkmark • to tick; to put a checkmark • to take (attendance) ‖ 剔(てき) • (teki) ‖ cutting 剔 (eum 척 (cheok)) Hán-Nôm : dịch • Hán-Nôm : tích 剔
剩 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɦljɯŋs) : phonetic 乘 (OC *ɦljɯŋ, *ɦljɯŋs) + semantic 刀. ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sing⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zing⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sīn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sīng • Middle-Chinese : zyingH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshun to be left; to remain • (literary, or in compounds) extra; leftover • a surname: Sheng ‖ (Hakka, Hokkien) Alternative form of 伸 (“to be left; to remain”) leftover, remainder, residue 剩 • (ing) · 剩 • (ing) (hangeul 잉, revised ing, McCune–Reischauer ing) leftover • remainder • residue canonical : 剩: Hán Việt readings: thặng chữ Hán form of thặng (“surplus; remainder”). 剩
剪 Originally 𣦃 or 前, a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔslenʔ) : phonetic 歬 (OC *zleːn) + semantic 刀 (“knife”). Since 前 has replaced 歬, an additional 刀 has been added. Cantonese · Jyutping : zin² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsián • Middle-Chinese : tsjenX to cut (paper, etc.) 剪 (eum 전 (jeon)) Hán-Nôm : tiện • Hán-Nôm : tiễn 剪
剿 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ziu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiáu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiâu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caau¹ to destroy; to exterminate; to annihilate ‖ Alternative form of 抄 (chāo, “to plagiarize”) 剿 (eum 초 (cho)) Hán-Nôm : tiễu • Hán-Nôm : thẹo • Hán-Nôm : tĩu 剿
劃 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰʷreːɡ, *ɡʷreːɡ) : phonetic 畫 (OC *ɡʷreːɡs, *ɡʷreːɡ) + semantic 刂 (“knife”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰʷreːɡ, *ɡʷreːɡ) : phonetic 畫 (OC *ɡʷreːɡs, *ɡʷreːɡ) + semantic 刂 (“knife”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄚˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waak⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ue̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ui̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ua̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hi̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huā • Middle-Chinese : hweak • Middle-Chinese : xweak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄏㄨㄞ to delimit; to differentiate；to divide; to mark off • to transfer (money, accounts, etc.) • to assign (task, etc.) • to plan • to gesture as a signal • to scratch; to cut (the surface) • Alternative form of 畫／画 (“stroke of a Chinese character (line drawn with a writing implement)”) • (dialectal) Alternative form of 畫／画 (“horizontal stroke of a Chinese character”) • Used in 劃然／划然. • (South Korean idol fandom, humorous) NCT (group) ‖ Only used in 㓦劃／㓦划 (bāihuai). 劃 (eumhun 그을 획 (geueul hoek)) hanja form of 획 (“to carve; to set in stone”) • hanja form of 획 (“to plan”) • hanja form of 획 (“to draw a line; to mark”) Hán-Nôm : vạch • Hán-Nôm : hoạch • Hán-Nôm : đạch • Hán-Nôm : gạch • Hán-Nôm : hoa 劃
劈 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pik¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pek³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pek⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phik • Middle-Chinese : phek to slit; to chop; to cleave • to crack; to split open • (dialectal, of voice) to become hoarse • to be right against (one's head, face, etc.) • (of lightning) to strike; to destroy • wedge • (fencing) to cut; to deliver an attack with a chopping motion, landing on the edge or tip of the weapon • (fencing) a cut • to divide; to split • to break off; to strip off • (Cantonese) to cut down prices sharply • (Cantonese) to drink large amount of alcohol • (Cantonese) to drive at high speed 劈 • (byeok) · 劈 • (byeok) (hangeul 벽, revised byeok, McCune–Reischauer pyŏk) canonical : 劈: Hán Việt readings: phách Chữ Hán form of phách (“to split; to chop (the wood)”). 劈
劍 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kams) : phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam) + semantic 刂. \ Schuessler (2007) proposes a possible native origin, from *k-nominalized adjective 剡 (OC *ɦljamʔ, *lamʔ), which is from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-rjam (“sharp”) and lost its *r- initial due to folk etymology; doublets 磏 (OC *r(i)am, “whetstone”) and 鐮 (OC *ɡ·rem, “sickle”) retain *r-. \ Alternatively, the double-edged sword seemingly originated from the southern state of Wu (吳); so a native Wu term, of unknown linguistic affiliation, might have yielded both Old Chinese 劍 (OC *kams) and Proto-Vietic *t-kɨəm ( > Vietnamese gươm). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiàm • Middle-Chinese : kjaemH sword (bladed on both sides); sabre (Classifier: 口; 把) • Classifier for swings of a sword. • a surname Kyūjitai form of 剣: double-edged sword; swordsmanship 劍 (eumhun 칼 검 (kal geom)) hanja form of 검 (“sword; knife”) Hán-Nôm : kiếm • Hán-Nôm : ghém • Hán-Nôm : gươm • Hán-Nôm : kém • Hán-Nôm : chém • Hán-Nôm : sớm sword 劍
劫 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kab, *kab) : phonetic 去 (OC *kʰaʔ, *kʰas) + semantic 力 (“power, force”) \ ; “(Buddhism) disaster” Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gip³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiap • Middle-Chinese : kjaep to coerce; to compel; to threaten • to rob; to plunder; to take by force • (Buddhism) Short for 劫波 (jiébō, “kalpa”). · (hyperbolic) extremely long time • (Buddhism) Short for 劫波 (jiébō, “kalpa”). · (figurative, by extension) disaster; calamity; catastrophe ‖ 劫(こう) • (kō) ^(←こふ (kofu)?) ‖ 劫(こう) • (kō) ^(←こふ (kofu)?) ‖ 劫(ごう) • (gō) ^(←ごふ (gofu)?) intimidate • aeon, eon ‖ (Buddhism) kalpa: a unit of time in Buddhist cosmology ‖ (go) a position in which two alternating stones can be captured and recaptured indefinitely ‖ (Buddhism) kalpa: a unit of time in Buddhist cosmology 劫 (eumhun 위협할 겁 (wihyeophal geop)) hanja form of 겁 (“coerce; threaten”) [affix] • hanja form of 겁 (“kalpa”) [noun] Hán-Nôm : kiếp 劫
劾 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯːɡs, *kʰrɯːɡs, *ɡɯːɡ) : phonetic 亥 (OC *ɡɯːʔ) + semantic 力 (“power”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hat⁶ • Middle-Chinese : kheajH • Middle-Chinese : hojH • Middle-Chinese : hok to expose one's crimes • (literary) to try; to convict censure 劾 (eumhun 꾸짖을 핵 (kkujijeul haek)) hanja form of 핵 (“scold; inquire”) Hán-Nôm : hặc 劾
勒 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯːɡ) : semantic 革 + phonetic 力 (OC *rɯɡ). ‖ From 在 (MC dzojX) (Dai, 2004). Compare 哉 > 了. Cognate with 垃 (lā). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄜˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lak⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laak⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : li̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : la̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : leh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : le̍h • Middle-Chinese : lok ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄌㄟ (literary) bridle (headgear for a horse) • to rein in; to restrain • to compel; to force; to coerce • to halter; to headstall • (literary) to command; to lead; to lay out (forces) • (colloquial) to strap tightly; to bind tight; to strangle; to tighten • to restrict; to limit • (literary) to cut; to carve; to engrave • to compile; to bind (to make a book) • to write; to draw; to depict • to extort; to blackmail • to tantalise; to provoke • Short for 勒克斯 (lèkèsī, “lux”). • (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to roll up one's sleeves or trousers • (Xiamen Hokkien) to use one's hand to straighten up something • (Quanzhou Hokkien) to make a pleat • a surname: Le ‖ to be at; to be in • at; in • the process of; currently (used to indicate the continuous aspect) • -ed; used to indicate the perfective aspect ‖ Alternative form of 嘞 (“modal particle”) ‖ 勒(ろく) • (roku) halter and bit ‖ bit (metal in horse's mouth) • headstall • the second of the Eight Principles of Yong 勒 (eumhun 굴레 륵 (gulle reuk), word-initial (South Korea) 굴레 늑 (gulle neuk)) Hán-Nôm : lặc • Hán-Nôm : lắc • Hán-Nôm : lấc • Hán-Nôm : lật • Hán-Nôm : lất 勒
勞 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : abbreviated 熒 + 力. ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : abbreviated 熒 + 力. ‖ From English Rolex. Orthography from 勞力士／劳力士. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lô • Middle-Chinese : law ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄠˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁴ • Middle-Chinese : lawH ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : lou¹ to toil; to do manual labour • (polite) to trouble; to disturb • fatigued; tired • labour; toil; work • meritorious deed • labourer; worker • a surname ‖ to encourage; to console ‖ (Hong Kong Cantonese) Rolex watch (Classifier: 隻／只 c) 勞 (eumhun 일할 로 (ilhal ro), word-initial (South Korea) 일할 노 (ilhal no)) hanja form of 로/노 (“work”) Hán-Nôm : lao • Hán-Nôm : lau • Hán-Nôm : lạo • Hán-Nôm : rạo 勞
勵 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *m·rads) : phonetic 厲 (OC *m·rads) + semantic 力. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lē • Middle-Chinese : ljejH to encourage • (literary) to strive • a surname 勵 (eumhun 힘쓸 려 (himsseul ryeo), word-initial (South Korea) 힘쓸 여 (himsseul yeo)) hanja form of 려/여 (“strive”) • hanja form of 려/여 (“encourage”) Hán-Nôm : lệ • Hán-Nôm : lẹ 勵
勸 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰons) : phonetic 雚 (OC *koːns) + semantic 力 (“strength”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hyun³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khǹg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuìnn • Middle-Chinese : khjwonH to encourage; to recommend • to advise; to urge; to exhort • to appeal • a surname: Quan 勸 (eumhun 권할 권 (gwonhal gwon)) hanja form of 권 (“recommend, advise, urge”) Hán-Nôm : khuyến • Hán-Nôm : khuyên 勸
匆 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshang hasty; hurried 匆 (eum 총 (chong)) Hán-Nôm : thông 匆
匈 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiong • Middle-Chinese : xjowng Hun, Hunnic • Short for 匈牙利 (Xiōngyálì, “Hungary, Hungarian”). • Used in 匈匈. • Alternative form of 凶 (xiōng, “famine”) • Alternative form of 兇／凶 (xiōng, “fearful; fierce; ferocious”) ‖ 匈(きょう) • (kyō) ‖ Abbreviation of 匈牙利. Hungary 匈 (eumhun 오랑캐 흉 (orangkae hyung)) barbarian • savage • foreigner Hán-Nôm : hung 匈
匕 Pictogram (象形) – a spoon. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei² • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pí • Middle-Chinese : pjijX (historical) a kind of spoon in ancient China • (literary) dagger • arrow • people • ^‡ Original form of 妣 (bǐ, “deceased mother”). • Occasionally used as an iteration marker. ‖ ‖ 匕 (eumhun 비수 비 (bisu bi)) spoon • dagger Hán-Nôm : chủy • Hán-Nôm : chuỷ In Vietnamese Hán Nôm texts, 匕 is used as an iteration marker. 匕
匙 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *dje) : phonetic 是 (OC *djeʔ) + semantic 匕 (“spoon”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *dje) : phonetic 是 (OC *djeʔ) + semantic 匕 (“spoon”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sî • Middle-Chinese : dzye ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄕ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sî • Middle-Chinese : dzye spoon ‖ key (Classifier: 條／条 c) ‖ 匙(じ) • (-ji) ‖ 匙(し) • (-shi) ‖ 匙(ひ) • (hi) ‖ 匙(かい) • (kai) ^(←かひ (kafi)?) ‖ 匙(さじ) • (saji) ‖ 匙(しゃじ) • (shaji) ‖ 匙(すくい) • (sukui) ^(←すくひ (sukufi)?) spoon ‖ spoon, scoop ‖ spoon, scoop ‖ spoon, scoop ‖ (obsolete) a scoop for food • (archaic, rare) a wooden sword for training ‖ spoon, scoop used for food • more specifically, a spoon or scoop used for compounding medicine • by extension, medicine • by further extension, a doctor ‖ spoon ‖ (rare) a scoop 匙 (eum 시 (si)) Hán-Nôm : thi • Hán-Nôm : thìa • Hán-Nôm : thì • Hán-Nôm : chủy • Hán-Nôm : chuỷ 匙
匣 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡraːb) : semantic 匚 + phonetic 甲 (OC *kraːb). ‖ Checked-tone variant of 也. Cantonese · Jyutping : haap⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hap⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : a̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : a̍p • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ha̍p • Middle-Chinese : haep ‖ small box, case ‖ (Suzhounese) also; even box 匣 (eum 갑 (gap)) small box, case • coffer Hán-Nôm : hạp • Hán-Nôm : hộp • Hán-Nôm : háp • Hán-Nôm : tráp 匣
匪 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pɯlʔ) : semantic 匚 (“box”) + phonetic 非 (OC *pɯl) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pɯlʔ) : semantic 匚 (“box”) + phonetic 非 (OC *pɯl) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pɯlʔ) : semantic 匚 (“box”) + phonetic 非 (OC *pɯl) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄟˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huí • Middle-Chinese : pj+jX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄟ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣ robber; bandit; gangster • (Taiwan, officialese, historical, derogatory) of or relating to the "Communist bandits" (共匪 (gòngfěi)) • (literary) not • Original form of 篚 (fěi, “bamboo basket”). • dishonorable; improper (behavior) • that; those • Alternative form of 斐 ‖ Only used in 匪匪. ‖ Alternative form of 分 bandit, gangster, rogue 匪 • (bi, bun) · 匪 • (bi, bun) (hangeul 비, 분, revised bi, bun, McCune–Reischauer pi, pun) Hán-Nôm : phỉ 匪
匾 From 扁 (OC *peːnʔ, “flat”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bin² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pín • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pián • Middle-Chinese : penX flat • horizontal inscribed board; plaque; silk banner embroidered with eulogy • a kind of round shallow basket 匾 (eum 편 (pyeon)) Hán-Nôm : biển 匾
區 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 匸 + 品 – Many people (品) are inside 匸. ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khi • Middle-Chinese : khju ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : au¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : oo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : io • Hokkien · Tai-lo : au • Middle-Chinese : 'uw area; district; region; ward • administrative division • to distinguish; to differentiate • residence; dwelling • small house • world; the human world • small; tiny • mediocre; ordinary ‖ (historical) an ancient measuring vessel • (historical) Classifier for the amount measured by one ou. • a surname ward • district 區 (eumhun 구역 구 (guyeok gu)) hanja form of 구 (“area; district; region; ward”) Hán-Nôm : khu • Hán-Nôm : khù • Hán-Nôm : au • Hán-Nôm : âu 區
卉 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai² • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huī • Middle-Chinese : xjw+jX • Middle-Chinese : xjw+jH plants • flowers • a surname 卉 (eum 훼 (hwe)) Hán-Nôm : tạp • Hán-Nôm : hủy • Hán-Nôm : huỷ 卉
卡 This character is a vertical stacking of 上 (“up”) and 下 (“down”) with fusion of the horizontal lines, thus representing being squeezed between above and below. \ Maybe cognate with 夾 (OC *kreːb, “to clip”). ‖ From English card. ‖ From French calorie. ‖ From English car. ‖ From French cassette. ‖ From English carat. ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : kaa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kaa² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄚˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄚˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khá • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kha̍h ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kaat¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khá • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khah ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kaa¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kaa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khá • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khah ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kaa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khá ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : kaa¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kaa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kha̍h to wedge; to get stuck; to be jammed; to become tightly wedged • to clip; to fasten • to scrag; to choke • (computing) to freeze up; to buffer; to stop loading; to lag • (computing) laggy; slow; not responding • pin; fastener • checkpoint; checkpost • (Gan) fishbone • a surname: Qia ‖ card (Classifier: 張／张) ‖ Short for 卡路里 (kǎlùlǐ). ‖ truck; lorry • railcar ‖ Short for 卡式 (kǎshì, “cassette”). ‖ (Hong Kong) carat (unit of weight equivalent to 200 milligrams) ‖ Used in transcription. card 卡 (eum 잡 (jap)) Hán-Nôm : tạp • Hán-Nôm : ca 卡
卦 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷreːs) : phonetic 圭 (OC *kʷeː) + semantic 卜. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuà • Middle-Chinese : kweaH divinatory trigram or hexagram of the I Ching • to divine • to change • Alternative form of 掛／挂 (guà) ‖ 卦(け) • (ke) ‖ divination symbol or sign 卦 (eum 괘 (gwae)) Hán-Nôm : quái 卦
卯 This character was found in oracle bone scripts depicting a sacrifice (a human or animal body) that is cut in half. This kind of practice mainly happened in Shang dynasty and was gradually eliminated after Zhou's conquest of Shang, leading to obscurity of the character's original meaning. An old variant is 戼. According to Shuowen Jiezi, it is an open door, like 門／𨳇 (mén) but reversed. \ Derived from root 流 (OC *r(j)u) with volitional or agentive OC prefix *m- (see Sagart, 1999); so *m-ruu means "(cause to flow >) pour out, empty" > *m-ruuʔ 卯 "pouring or emptying stage" i.e. "waning moon", "with the word in its sacrificial applications meaning 'to blood-let'" (Smith, 2011). \ Association with the rabbit was probably arbitrary, just as how 辰 was arbitrarily associated with the dragon (see Ferlus, 2013). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maau⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : báu • Middle-Chinese : maewX fourth of twelve earthly branches (十二支) • rabbit (兔) of Chinese zodiac • period from 5-7 a.m. • early morning • mortise ‖ 卯(う) • (U) ‖ 卯(ぼう) • (Bō) ^(←ばう (bau)?) ‖ the Rabbit, the fourth of the twelve Earthly Branches ‖ the Rabbit, the fourth of the twelve Earthly Branches 卯 (eumhun 토끼 묘 (tokki myo)) · 卯 (eumhun 넷째 지지 묘 (netjjae jiji myo)) hanja form of 묘 (“rabbit”) • hanja form of 묘 (“fourth Earthly Branch”) Hán-Nôm : mão • Hán-Nôm : mẫu • Hán-Nôm : méo • Hán-Nôm : Mẹo • Hán-Nôm : mẻo chữ Hán form of Mão (“fourth of the twelve earthly branches”). 卯
却 Variant of 卻. The modern mainland China usage is of reform nature. ‖ 却(きゃく) • (kyaku) instead; on the contrary ‖ thoroughly • thoroughly until it is gone 却 (eum 각 (gak)) Hán-Nôm : khước 却
厥 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kod, *kud) : semantic 厂 + phonetic 欮 (OC *kod). ‖ Bodman (1980) relates it to Tibetan ཁྱོད (khyod, “you”). ‖ ‖ Contraction of 佢阿 (kì â). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kyut³ • Middle-Chinese : kjwot ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kyut³ • Middle-Chinese : kjwot ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kyut³ • Middle-Chinese : kjut ‖ to faint; to lose consciousness • a surname ‖ his; her; its; their ‖ Only used in 突厥 (Tūjué). ‖ (Hakka) his; her 厥 (eumhun 그 궐 (geu gwol)) · 厥 (eumhun 나라이름 굴 (naraireum gul)) hanja form of 궐 (“he, she, it, they”) • barbarian tribe or country, eg., 突厥 (돌궐, originally, 돌굴), compare 蕃國 (번국), 藩國 (번국) • hanja form of 굴 (“used in place names”) Hán-Nôm : cột • Hán-Nôm : quyết 厥
參 Simplified from 曑 (晶 → 厽). \ The bronze script form is an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 晶 (“stars”) + 光 (“light; brightness”) + 彡 (“light rays”) – Three Stars mansion. 彡 (OC *sroːm, *slom) also acts as a phonetic component. Ignoring the lines connecting the three stars, 光 may be interpreted as 卩 (“kneeling person”), representing someone looking at the shining stars above him. \ Alternatively, it may be the original character of 簪 (OC *ʔsɯːm, *ʔsrɯm, “hairpin”), since the bronze script forms resemble a person wearing a hat with three stars. \ Based on the seal script form, Shuowen interprets the character as a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰluːm, *sʰluːms, *sloːm, *sʰrum, *srum) : semantic 晶 (“stars”) + phonetic 㐱 (). \ table \ From 三 (OC *suːm, *suːms, “three”) + other element (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ table \ Related to Japhug tɤzrɤm (“root”), Yakkha साम (“root”) (Jacques, 2015b). ‖ table ‖ table ‖ table \ Related to 巉 (OC *zraːm, *zraːmʔ, “craggy”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ table ‖ tabletable \ From English ransom (Cheung, 2007, page 219). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sam¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sim • Hokkien · Tai-lo : serm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sam • Middle-Chinese : srim ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sam¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sim • Hokkien · Tai-lo : serm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : song • Hokkien · Tai-lo : som • Middle-Chinese : srim ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caam¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cam¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsham • Middle-Chinese : tshom ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saam¹ • Middle-Chinese : sam ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caam¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cam¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshim • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsham • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsherm • Middle-Chinese : tsrhim ‖ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : sam¹ (～宿) (Chinese astronomy) Three Stars mansion (one of the Twenty-Eight Mansions) • a surname ‖ ginseng or any other similar plant • Short for 海參／海参 (hǎishēn, “sea cucumber”). ‖ to join; to take part • to consult • (literary) to examine; to inspect • (literary) to investigate and understand • to pay visit to a superior • (historical) to impeach an official before the emperor • (literary) to form a trio with two other things ‖ (obsolete or financial) Alternative form of 三 (“three”) ‖ Only used in 參差／参差 (cēncī) and 參錯／参错 (cēncuò). ‖ (Siyi Yue) clever; capable; competent; powerful ‖ (Cantonese) hostage (Classifier: 條／条 c) three 參 (eumhun 참여할 참 (chamyeohal cham)) ‖ 參 (eumhun 들쭉날쭉할 참 (deuljjungnaljjukhal cham)) ‖ 參 (eumhun 별 이름 삼 (byeol ireum sam)) ‖ 參 (eumhun 석 삼 (seok sam)) hanja form of 참 (“to join; to participate”) [affix] ‖ (literary) hanja form of 참 (“jagged; uneven”) ‖ hanja form of 삼 (“(Chinese astronomy) Three Stars mansion (one of the Twenty-Eight Mansions)”) ‖ (financial) Alternative form of 三 (“hanja form of 삼 (“three”)”) Hán-Nôm : tham 參
叉 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 又 + 丶. ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 又 + 丶. ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 又 + 丶. ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 又 + 丶. ‖ table \ From English charge. Doublet of 叉廚／叉厨 (caa¹ cyu⁴, “to charge (to accuse of a crime); charge (legal accusation)”). Cantonese · Jyutping : caa¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄚㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshee • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsha • Middle-Chinese : tsrhea • Middle-Chinese : tsrhae ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄚˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄚ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄚˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caa¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caa³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄚˋㄦ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : caa¹ fork (pronged tool, including the eating utensil) • to use a fork; to pick up with a fork • (Wu) to pick up food with chopsticks • to cross; to intersect; to interlace • cross; X • Phonetic reading of × when used to replace offensive characters. • (chiefly Cantonese, euphemistic) A generic intensifier which can be substituted for any profane intensifier. • (Cantonese) Short for 叉燒／叉烧 (“char siu”). • (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to pinch • (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to speak rudely • (Wu) to play (mahjong) • (Xiang, of ducks and geese) to eat ‖ (Northeastern Mandarin) to block up; to jam ‖ to spread; to open; to fork; to separate • (Wu) to push something away; to move something away ‖ Alternative form of 杈 (chà, “fork of a branch”) • Alternative form of 岔 (chà, “diverge, branch off; fork in the road”) ‖ (Cantonese) to charge; to recharge ‖ fork (また) • to stick, to insert, to stab (as with a fork) (さす) • to fold (one's arms) (こまねく, こまぬく) ‖ 叉 (eumhun 갈래 차 (gallae cha)) hanja form of 차 (“to cross; to intersect”) Hán-Nôm : xoa 叉
另 In 玉篇校釋 (胡吉宣, 1989), it is considered a simplified form of 別／别 (bié), used to refer a synonym word with different pronunciation. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līng another; separate; other • in addition; besides • Used to add a postscript to a letter like the English abbreviation "P.S." 另 (eum 령 (ryeong)) Hán-Nôm : lánh • Hán-Nôm : lính • Hán-Nôm : liếng • Hán-Nôm : tránh 另
叨 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tuːw, *l̥ʰaːw) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 刀 (OC *taːw). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tuːw, *l̥ʰaːw) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 刀 (OC *taːw). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄠ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dou¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : to • Hokkien · Tai-lo : too • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tho • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thoo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tou¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tho • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thoo • Middle-Chinese : thaw to talk on; to chatter; to be excessively talkative • (ideophonic, of a person near death) gasping for breath; breathing heavily ‖ Alternative form of 饕 (tāo, “to be greedy for”) • (humble, used when receiving favour from others) to get the benefit of 叨 (eum 도 (do)) Hán-Nôm : thao • Hán-Nôm : đâu • Hán-Nôm : đau • Hán-Nôm : đao 叨
叩 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khàu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiò • Middle-Chinese : khuwX to knock; to strike • to kowtow; to bow • (literary) to enquire; to ask • Alternative form of 扣 (kòu, “to hold; to restrain”) • a surname to knock; to strike 叩 • (go) · 叩 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko) Hán-Nôm : khấu 叩
叭 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pa • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄚ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pa • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄚ Only used in 喇叭 (lǎba). • (onomatopoeia) Sound of a gunshot or crack. ‖ An onomatopoeia. • ^‡ mouth opening 叭 (eum 팔 (pal)) Hán-Nôm : bá • Hán-Nôm : bớt • Hán-Nôm : bát • Hán-Nôm : bợt • Hán-Nôm : bớ • Hán-Nôm : váp • Hán-Nôm : vát 叭
叮 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *teːŋ) : phonetic 丁 (OC *rteːŋ, *teːŋ) + semantic 口. \ ; “to microwave” \ ; “to disqualify” Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ding¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : deng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ting • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tin • Middle-Chinese : teng (of insects) to sting; to bite • to advise; to urge; to repeat what one says to make sure • to question closely • (informal) to microwave (heat in a microwave oven) • (Cantonese, informal) to disqualify; to eliminate • (Cantonese) unaccented beats (in Cantonese opera) • Used in onomatopoeia. 叮 (eum 정 (jeong)) Hán-Nôm : đinh Đinh ninh 叮嚀 exhort or enjoin repeatedly 叮
叱 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *n̥ʰjid) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 七 (OC *sn̥ʰid). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cik¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsyhit to scold; to shout at; to bawl out ‖ ‖ 叱(しっ) • (shi') to open the mouth ‖ scold • shout • reprove ‖ shh • shoo 叱 (eumhun 꾸짖을 질 (kkujijeul jil)) hanja form of 질 (“scold”) Hán-Nôm : sất • Hán-Nôm : sứt • Hán-Nôm : sớt 叱
叼 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : diu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : toh to hold in the mouth 叼
吁 Characters in the same phonetic series (于) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰʷa, *ɢʷas) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 于 (OC *ɢʷa). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : heoi¹ • Middle-Chinese : xju • Middle-Chinese : hjuH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ to sigh • huh! (used to express surprise or doubt) • worried • a surname • Alternative form of 噓／嘘 ‖ (Mainland China) (used to stop animals from advancing) whoa! 吁 • (yu) · 吁 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu) canonical : 吁: Hán Việt readings: hu • canonical : hù • canonical : u 吁: Nôm readings: hu • canonical : hủ • canonical : vo • canonical : vu • canonical : xu chữ Hán form of hù (“to scare someone with a surprise”). • chữ Hán form of vù (“sound of the blowing wind”). 吁
吃 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声 (xíngshēng)): semantic 口 (kǒu) + phonetic 乞 (OC *kʰɯds, *kʰɯd). ‖ ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khit • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hek³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gat¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gut • Middle-Chinese : kj+t ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hat¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khit ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsia̍h to eat; to consume • to live on • to suffer; to endure; to bear • to exhaust; to be a strain • to drink • (board games) to capture • (mahjong) to chow • to accept ‖ to stammer; to stutter; to falter ‖ Only used in 吃吃 (qīqī). ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 食 ‖ 吃(きつ) • (kitsu) ‖ 吃(チー) • (chī) ‖ 吃(ままなき) • (mamanaki) ‖ stammering, stuttering • accepting, complying ‖ (mahjong) a call for an open 順子 (shuntsu, “sequence of three suited tiles”), compare English chow ‖ stammering, stuttering • a stutterer 吃 (eum 흘 (heul)) Hán-Nôm : khật • Hán-Nôm : hấc • Hán-Nôm : hất • Hán-Nôm : hớt • Hán-Nôm : ngát • Hán-Nôm : ngặt • Hán-Nôm : ngật • Hán-Nôm : ực • Hán-Nôm : cật 吃
吆 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : io to yell 吆 (eum 요 (yo)) Hán-Nôm : yêu 吆
吝 Compare Tibetan སྲི (sri, “to be thrifty”), Proto-Central-Chin *ren (“to economize; frugal”) (whence Mizo ren) (Geilich, 1994). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liām • Middle-Chinese : linH stingy; miserly; parsimonious; niggardly • (literary) to regret; to resent • a surname miserly • stingy • sparing 吝 (eum 린 (rin)) Hán-Nôm : lận 吝
吞 Attested somewhat late (in Warring States period's texts). \ Starostin reconstructs 吞 (OC *tʰən) derives it from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dʱɨ̄n/ŋ (“to swallow, to drink”), whence also Tibetan འཐུང ('thung, “to drink”) & Lepcha ᰋᰩᰵ (thóng, “to drink”), which STEDT derives from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-tuŋ (“to drink, to suckle”); however, STEDT does not derive 吞 from or compare it to *m/s-tuŋ. \ Schuessler (2007) compares it to several Kam-Tai words: Thai กลืน (glʉʉn), Ahom 𑜀𑜢𑜤𑜃 (k(l)en), Saek [script needed] (tlɯɯnᴬ¹), Proto-Kam-Sui *ʔdun, etc. ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : tan¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄣ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thun • Middle-Chinese : thon ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄢ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄣ • Middle-Chinese : then to swallow (to cause food, drink, etc. to pass from the mouth into the stomach) • to annex (territory, a country, etc.) ‖ a surname 吞 • (tan) · 吞 • (tan) (hangeul 탄, revised tan, McCune–Reischauer t'an) Hán-Nôm : thôn • Hán-Nôm : xôn 吞
吠 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 口 (“mouth”) + 犬 (“dog”) – to bark. \ Onomatopoeic and from Proto-Sino-Tibetan, perhaps *baus: cognate to Mizo bauh (“to bark”), from earlier *baus (Schuessler 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puǐ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huī • Middle-Chinese : bjojH (of a dog) to bark Bark; howl. 吠 (eum 폐 (pye)) Hán-Nôm : phệ • Hán-Nôm : phịa 吠
吧 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声 (xíngshēng)): semantic 口 (kǒu) + phonetic 巴 (bā) (OC *praː). \ From 罷／罢 (bà) and 夫 (OC *ba, “is it not?”), itself a contraction of 不乎. ‖ Onomatopoeic. ‖ Onomatopoeic. ‖ ‖ Borrowed from English bar. ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄅㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baa⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --pa ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baa¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄚ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baa¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pa ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄚ • Middle-Chinese : pae ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄚ • Middle-Chinese : phae Emphatic final particle; used at the end of a sentence to · indicate a suggested action: why don't you ... • Emphatic final particle; used at the end of a sentence to · express imperative mood: let us ... • Emphatic final particle; used at the end of a sentence to · indicate a speculation. • Used at the end of a sentence used to concede a point. • Used at the end of a sentence used to indicate disapproving incredulousness. • Used after the topic for emphasis. ‖ (onomatopoeia) sound of crackling; crack ‖ (onomatopoeia) pow!; smack! ‖ (dialectal) to smoke (a cigarette) ‖ bar • Short for 貼吧／贴吧 (Tiēbā, “internet board”). • Used in transcription. ‖ Only used in 吧呀. ‖ Only used in 吧呀. 吧 (eum 파 (pa)) canonical : 吧: Hán Việt readings: ba 吧: Nôm readings: ba • canonical : bơ • canonical : và • canonical : vài ‖ romanization : và ‖ Nôm form of và (“and, with, as well as”). 吧
吩 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hun • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huan ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan¹ Used in 吩咐 (fēnfù). • Used in 吩呶. ‖ Used in transcription. to instruct, to order 吩 • (bun) · 吩 • (bun) (hangeul 분, revised bun, McCune–Reischauer pun) to instruct, to order 吩
吭 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡaːŋ, *ɡaːŋʔ, *ɡaːŋs) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 亢 (OC *kaːŋ, *kʰaːŋs) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡaːŋ, *ɡaːŋʔ, *ɡaːŋs) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 亢 (OC *kaːŋ, *kʰaːŋs) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡaːŋ, *ɡaːŋʔ, *ɡaːŋs) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 亢 (OC *kaːŋ, *kʰaːŋs) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hang¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khóng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khngh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khōng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hâng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hông • Middle-Chinese : hang • Middle-Chinese : hangH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄤˋ • Middle-Chinese : hangX to utter; to utter a sound ‖ throat (of birds) • throat in general ‖ voice • to swallow throat • neck • pivot 吭 • (hang) · 吭 • (hang) (hangeul 항, revised hang, McCune–Reischauer hang) throat 吭
吮 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : syun⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshńg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsn̄g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuīnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ún • Middle-Chinese : zywinX • Middle-Chinese : dzjwenX ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshńg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuínn to suck (with one's mouth) ‖ (Hokkien) to pick off or strip off or scrape off edible food from inedible material like bone, shell, or seeds (usually with one's teeth and/or tongue) • (Hokkien) to gnaw; to nibble off causing holes (by insects) • (Hokkien) to comb; to pluck or pick off dirt (as a bird grooms itself with its beak) • (Hokkien, figurative) to nitpick; to find fault; to be fussy 吮 (eum 전 (jeon)) Hán-Nôm : duyện • Hán-Nôm : giỏn • Hán-Nôm : duyên 吮
吱 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰes) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 支 (OC *kje). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ki • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsi • Middle-Chinese : khjieH (onomatopoeia) sound of creaking or squeaking • (Taiwan, neologism, slang, derogatory) supporters of Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) 吱 (eum 지 (ji)) 吱
吵 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sm̥ʰreːwʔ, *mewʔ) : semantic 口 + phonetic 少 (OC *hmjewʔ, *hmjews). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sm̥ʰreːwʔ, *mewʔ) : semantic 口 + phonetic 少 (OC *hmjewʔ, *hmjews). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sm̥ʰreːwʔ, *mewʔ) : semantic 口 + phonetic 少 (OC *hmjewʔ, *hmjews). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sm̥ʰreːwʔ, *mewʔ) : semantic 口 + phonetic 少 (OC *hmjewʔ, *hmjews). Cantonese · Jyutping : caau² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄠˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄠˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄠ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshá • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsháu • Middle-Chinese : tsrhaewX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄠˇ • Middle-Chinese : mjiewX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄠ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄠˋ noisy; rowdy; boisterous; clamorous • to argue; to dispute • to disturb; to annoy ‖ ^‡ Sound of chicken. ‖ Used in personal names. • Used in 吵吵 (chāochao, “to make noise”). ‖ ^‡ Alternative form of 訬／𰵏 (“light (of weight)”) 吵 (eum 묘 (myo)) · 吵 (eum 초 (cho)) Hán-Nôm : sảo • Hán-Nôm : thểu • Hán-Nôm : sao • Hán-Nôm : chiễu 吵
吻 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mɯnʔ) : semantic 口 + phonetic 勿 (OC *mɯd). \ Unknown. Various possibilities are (Schuessler, 2007): \ * Related to 門 (OC *mɯːn, “door”); \ * Related to Mizo hmûi (“lips; upper lip”); \ * Related to Proto-Vietic *c-ɓuːj(ʔ) (“lip”) (Vietnamese môi); \ * Related to Burmese မုတ် (mut, “mouth”) (in မုတ်ဆိတ် (muthcit, “beard”)) and မှုတ် (hmut, “to blow with mouth”); \ * Related to Khmer មាត់ (mŏət, “mouth, lip”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : man⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mńg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bún • Middle-Chinese : mjunX (anatomy) proboscis; lip; corner of the lips • to shut the lips • to kiss; kiss (Classifier: 啖 c) • to coincide; to tally; to be consistent ‖ 吻(ふん) • (fun) lips • kiss ‖ (anatomy) proboscis 吻 • (mun) · 吻 • (mun) (hangeul 문, revised mun, McCune–Reischauer mun) Hán-Nôm : vẫn • Hán-Nôm : vặt • Hán-Nôm : vẩn • Hán-Nôm : ẫn • Hán-Nôm : uẫn • Hán-Nôm : ẫm • Hán-Nôm : ỡm • Hán-Nôm : uẫm • Hán-Nôm : uỗm • Hán-Nôm : uổm • Hán-Nôm : uẩm 吻
吼 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰloːʔ, *qʰloːs) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 孔 (OC *kʰloːŋʔ). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄡˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : háu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hió • Middle-Chinese : xuwX • Middle-Chinese : xuwH ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : lung¹ (of a large animal) to roar • (of people) to shout • (of inanimate objects such as cars) to squeal • (Hokkien, Puxian Min) to cry; to sob; to weep • a surname: Hou ‖ (Hong Kong, construction, informal) Alternative form of 窿 howl, roar, cry, bark 吼 (eum 후 (hu)) Hán-Nôm : hống • Hán-Nôm : hổng • Hán-Nôm : khỏng • Hán-Nôm : rống 吼
呀 ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : a • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia • Middle-Chinese : ngae ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄧㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aa³ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : aa³ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : aa⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚ • Middle-Chinese : xae ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : aa⁶ to be surprised • Interjection for expressing surprise • (onomatopoeia) creak • a classifier ‖ Synonym of 啊 (“Sentence-final exclamation particle”). Normally used after words ending in -a, -o, -e, -i, -ü. ‖ Sentence-final particle for softening statements or questions. • Particle used after list items in a list of examples. ‖ Sentence-final particle expressing surprise and suspicion. ‖ (of mouth) opened • empty ‖ (colloquial) -ty 呀 (eum 하 (ha)) Hán-Nôm : nhá • Hán-Nôm : nha 呀
呂 Pictogram (象形) of two vertebrae. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-ra-t (“bone”) (STEDT). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lǐr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lí • Middle-Chinese : ljoX (anatomy) spine • (music) even-numbered notes in shí'èrlǜ • Lü, a state in China that existed in the early years of the Spring and Autumn Period • a surname spine • backbone 呂 (eum 려 (ryeo)) Hán-Nôm : lã • Hán-Nôm : lả • Hán-Nôm : lỡ • Hán-Nôm : lử • Hán-Nôm : lữa • Hán-Nôm : rả • Hán-Nôm : rứa • Hán-Nôm : trả • Hán-Nôm : trở • Hán-Nôm : lớ • Hán-Nôm : lở • Hán-Nôm : lữ 呂
呆 ; Etymology 1 \ ; Etymology 2 \ ; Etymology 3 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄞ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngoi⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : daai¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tai • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gâi dull; wooden • dull-minded; simple; stupid • (Eastern Min) bad • (chiefly Mainland China) Alternative form of 待 (“to stay”) • a surname: Dai amazed, disgusted, shocked 呆 (eumhun 어리석을 매 (eoriseogeul mae)) hanja form of 매 (“dull-minded; simple; stupid”) Hán-Nôm : ngốc stupid, naive, foolish 呆
呢 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *nil) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 尼 (OC *nil) \ Ota (1987) suggests that the particle used in questions comes from 聻 (MC nriX) [Five Dynasties], a particle which may come from 爾 (MC nyeX, “that”), and that the particle used to indicate an action in progress comes from earlier 哩 [Yuan dynasty], which may come from 裏 (MC liX, “place”) [Tang dynasty–Five Dynasties]. ‖ ; “cloth” ‖ Substrate word. Compare: \ * Proto-Tai *najꟲ (“this”): Zhuang neix (“this”), Thai นี้ (níi, “this”), Lao ນີ້ (nī, “this”) \ * Proto-Mon-Khmer *niʔ ~ nih (“this”): Khmer នេះ (nih, “this”) \ * Proto-Mon-Khmer *naaj (“deictic particle”): Khmer នាយ (niəy, “over there”), Vietnamese này, nầy (“this”), Vietnamese nay (“now”), Vietnamese nấy (“that”) \ * Proto-Hmong-Mien *ʔneinˣ (“this”): White Hmong no (“here, this”) \ * Proto-Austronesian *nay (“deictic particle: this”), *qani (“proximal deictic: this”), *-ni (“proximal spatio-temporal deixis: this, here; now”): Malay ini (“this”). ‖ ‖ From clipping of English level. ‖ ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄋㄜ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ne¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --ni • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ni • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --neh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --nih • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ne • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --ne • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nee • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --nee ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nei⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nî • Middle-Chinese : nrij ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : ni¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nei¹ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : ne² ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : le¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : nî Sentence-final particle indicating a reciprocal question; used to apply the previously asked question to a new subject. What about ...?; And ...? • Sentence-final particle signalling a pause, to emphasize the preceding words. • Sentence-final particle indicating continuation of an action or state, English present continuous. to be ...-ing • Sentence-final particle used to make questions more indirect, to give the impression that the speaker is speaking to themselves. • (Shanghainese) Sentence-final particle expressing anger. ‖ Used in 呢喃 (nínán). • woollen cloth (for heavy clothing) ‖ (Cantonese) this ‖ (Cantonese) hey; Used to raise attention of the listener ‖ (Hong Kong Cantonese, gaming) levels (in a video game) • (Hong Kong Cantonese, figuratively) levels in a society; social class ‖ sound • Alternative form of 䛏 (ní) ‖ Only used in 唵嘛呢叭咪吽 (ǎn mānī bēimēi hōng). ‖ (Southern Min) Used in some question words. 呢 (eum 니 (ni)) Hán-Nôm : ni • Hán-Nôm : nài • Hán-Nôm : nấy • Hán-Nôm : nê • Hán-Nôm : nỉ • Hán-Nôm : nì • Hán-Nôm : này 呢
呵 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰaːl, *qʰaːls) : semantic 口 + phonetic 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰaːl, *qʰaːls) : semantic 口 + phonetic 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰaːl, *qʰaːls) : semantic 口 + phonetic 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰaːl, *qʰaːls) : semantic 口 + phonetic 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰaːl, *qʰaːls) : semantic 口 + phonetic 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰaːl, *qʰaːls) : semantic 口 + phonetic 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰaːl, *qʰaːls) : semantic 口 + phonetic 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰaːl, *qʰaːls) : semantic 口 + phonetic 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ho¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ho² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ho • Hokkien · Tai-lo : o • Middle-Chinese : xa ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ho¹ • Middle-Chinese : xaH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄚ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : o¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄚ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄛ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : ho¹ Alternative form of 訶／诃 (hē, “to berate; to scold”) • to shout; to cry out • to cherish; to treasure; to protect • (onomatopoeia) Sound of laughing. • Exclamation particle for expressing surprise. • (dialectal) to smoke (tobacco) ‖ to expel breath; to slowly breathe out ‖ Used in transcription. ‖ Alternative form of 哈 (“to bend over”) ‖ Alternative form of 啊 (“exclamation particle”) ‖ Alternative form of 啊 (“modal particle”) ‖ (dialectal) to cheat; to deceive ‖ (Cantonese) Used to point out something that one would like confirmation for. scold, disapprove 呵 • (ga) · 呵 • (ga) (hangeul 가, revised ga, McCune–Reischauer ka) Hán-Nôm : ha • Hán-Nôm : há • Hán-Nôm : hả • Hán-Nôm : hà • Hán-Nôm : khá • Hán-Nôm : khà 呵
呻 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : san¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sin • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshan • Middle-Chinese : syin ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : san³ to chant; to recite • to groan; to moan ‖ (Cantonese) to complain; to express discontent 呻 • (sin) · 呻 • (sin) (hangeul 신, revised sin, McCune–Reischauer sin) Hán-Nôm : thân 呻
咄 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄛ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : deot¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyut³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyut³ • Middle-Chinese : twot • Middle-Chinese : twat ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tu̍t (onomatopoeia) a loud voice, especially in an angry way; tut-tut. • to berate ‖ (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to speak not in a fluent manner talk, speech, conversation, tale 咄 • (dol) · 咄 • (dol) (hangeul 돌, revised dol, McCune–Reischauer tol) Hán-Nôm : xót • Hán-Nôm : sụt • Hán-Nôm : đốt • Hán-Nôm : rút 咄
咋 ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄚˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa³ • Middle-Chinese : tsreak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaak⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaak³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa³ • Middle-Chinese : dzraek ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa³ • Middle-Chinese : tsraeH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa³ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa³ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa⁴ (colloquial, dialectal) how ‖ (obsolete) to be loud; to shout; to cry ‖ (obsolete) to bite • Used in 㕭咋. ‖ (obsolete, ideophonic, of speech) suddenly; in an outburst • Alternative form of 炸 (“to burst; to explode; to infuriate”) ‖ Alternative form of 乍 (zhà, “suddenly”) ‖ Only used in 咋呼 (zhàhu). ‖ (Cantonese) Contraction of 啫呀 (ze1 aa3). ‖ Sentence-final particle expressing surprise and suspicion. 咋 • (sa) · 咋 • (sa) (hangeul 사) Hán-Nôm : chạ • Hán-Nôm : chá • Hán-Nôm : chách • Hán-Nôm : cha 咋
咐 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pos) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 付 (OC *pos). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pos) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 付 (OC *pos). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hù ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˊ to instruct; to order ‖ ^‡ Defined in the historical dictionary 《字彙補》 as 噓. to instruct, to order 咐 • (bu) · 咐 • (bu) (hangeul 부, revised bu, McCune–Reischauer pu) to instruct, to order 咐
咒 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiù • Middle-Chinese : tsyuwH religious incantation or mantra; spell • curse; malediction • to curse; to damn 咒 • (ju) · 咒 • (ju) (hangeul 주, revised ju, McCune–Reischauer chu) Hán-Nôm : chú 咒
咕 Considered a 後起字／后起字 (hòuqǐzì). Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 古 (gǔ). \ ;“to stand someone up” Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : koo (onomatopoeia) the sound of rumbling, bubbling, glugging, cooing, etc. (often in compounds) • (colloquial) to stand up someone; to fail to show up 咕 • (go) · 咕 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko) Hán-Nôm : cô • Hán-Nôm : cổ 咕
咖 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 加 (OC *kraːl). ‖ ‖ From Hokkien 跤 (kha), shortened from 跤數／跤数 (kha-siàu, “character; guy”), probably with influence from Mandarin 腳色／脚色 (juésè, “character”). \ Alternatively, from English cast. ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaa³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ka • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ko ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaa³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ka ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄚ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄚ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚ Only used in 咖啡 (kāfēi); also used as its short form. ‖ Only used in 咖喱 (gālí) and 咖哩 (kālǐ). ‖ (chiefly Taiwan, slang) character; role ‖ Only used in 咖咖. ‖ The meaning of this term is uncertain. 咖 (eum 가 (ga)) 咖
咨 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsli) : phonetic 次 (OC *sn̥ʰis) + semantic 口 (“mouth”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsir • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsu • Middle-Chinese : tsij to consult • official document • an interjection used to indicate appreciation • to sigh • to show the teeth • Alternative form of 資／资 (zī) • Alternative form of 茲／兹 • Alternative form of 齜／龇 (zī) 咨 (eum 자 (ja)) Hán-Nôm : tư • Hán-Nôm : ti 咨
咪 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth; speech”) + phonetic 米 (OC *miːʔ). \ Onomatopoeic. ‖ Contraction of 唔係／唔系 (m⁴ hai⁶). ‖ Possibly a contraction of 唔使 (m⁴ sai²) (Bai, 2003). ‖ Borrowed from English microphone or mic. ‖ ‖ Borrowed from English mile. ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mai¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bî ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : mai⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄞˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mai⁵ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : mai¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mai⁵ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mai¹ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : mai¹ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : mai¹ meow • sound used to call a cat • Used in 咪咪 (mīmī, “(slang) breasts; tits; boobs”). ‖ When used with 囉／啰 (lo¹) at the end of a phrase, used to spell out something obvious. • When used with 囉／啰 (lo¹) or rising intonation at the end of a phrase, used to connect a condition to a result or suggestion. • Used as the negative of 係／系 (hai⁶) when asking a question. ‖ (Cantonese, imperative) don't ‖ microphone (Classifier: 支 c) ‖ Only used in 咪唑 (mǐzuò, “imidazole”). ‖ (obsolete or Cantonese) mile • (Cantonese, informal) mile per hour • (Cantonese, informal) kilometre per hour ‖ to study hard ‖ to peel with a knife • to pinch (with fingernails) baa (bleating of a sheep) • meter 咪 • (mi) · 咪 • (mi) (hangeul 미, revised mi, McCune–Reischauer mi) Hán-Nôm : mễ 咪
咬 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kreːw, *ŋɡreːwʔ, *qreːw) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 交 (OC *kreːw). \ (oral sex): Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 口 + 交. \ Perhaps Sino-Tibetan; compare Chepang ङेव्ह्सा (ŋewh-, “to nibble”) (Schuessler, 2007). The Min vernacular readings are reminiscent of Proto-Tai *giəwꟲ (“to chew”), whence Thai เคี้ยว (kíao) (ibid.). ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kǎ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngáu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gáu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠ • Middle-Chinese : kaew ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠ • Middle-Chinese : 'aew to bite; to snap at; to gnaw • to incriminate; to accuse • to articulate; to pronounce • to be nitpicking on words • (of dog) to bark • (dialectal Mandarin, Jin) itchy • (neologism, slang, euphemistic) Alternative form of 口交 (kǒujiāo, “oral sex; to perform oral sex on”) ‖ Only used in 咬咬. ‖ Only used in 咬哇 and 哇咬. 咬 • (gyo) · 咬 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo, Yale kyo) Hán-Nôm : giảo • Hán-Nôm : rao • Hán-Nôm : ngẩu • Hán-Nôm : ngấu • Hán-Nôm : ngảo • Hán-Nôm : ngảu • Hán-Nôm : ngáu 咬
咱 Fusion of 自家 (MC dzijH kae, “self”) [Song] > Modern Mandarin zá (Lü, 1984). Fusion with 們／们 (men) produces the form with a nasal coda [Yuan], e.g. Modern Mandarin zán (Norman, 1988). ‖ Fusion of 早晚 (zǎowǎn). ‖ From 儂／侬 (lâng, “person; I, me”) + elision of 儂／侬. Compare 阮 (gún, goán, “we, us (exclusive)”), 恁 (lín, “you (plural)”), 𪜶 (in, “they, them”). ‖ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ze¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄢˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄚˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsam • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsa ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄗㄢ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : lán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nán ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄚˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄚˇ (literary or dialectal) I; me • (inclusive) we; us • (literary) A particle used after personal pronouns. ‖ (dialectal, in compounds) time ‖ (inclusive) we; us • (polite) you • (inclusive) our ‖ Sentence-final modal particle for the imperative mood, similar to 吧 (ba). • Sentence-final modal particle for the declarative mood. ‖ Alternative form of 咋 (“how”) 咱 • (chal, cha) · 咱 • (chal, cha) (hangeul 찰, 차, revised chal, cha, McCune–Reischauer ch'al, ch'a) Hán-Nôm : cha • Hán-Nôm : ta • Hán-Nôm : thính Variant of 聽, see there for more details. 咱
咳 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰɯː, *ɡɯː) : semantic 口 + phonetic 亥 (OC *ɡɯːʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰɯː, *ɡɯː) : semantic 口 + phonetic 亥 (OC *ɡɯːʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰɯː, *ɡɯː) : semantic 口 + phonetic 亥 (OC *ɡɯːʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰɯː, *ɡɯː) : semantic 口 + phonetic 亥 (OC *ɡɯːʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kat¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : koi³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kai • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ka • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kha • Middle-Chinese : hoj ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄞ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haai¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hai ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hoi⁴ • Middle-Chinese : hoj ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : kak¹ to cough • cough ‖ Used to express sorrow, remorse, or surprise. ‖ (of infant) to laugh; to cackle • Alternative form of 孩 (hái, “child; infant”) • interjection for sighing or order • Alternative form of 閡／阂 (“to be cut off from”) ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 㩿 (kak¹) (Used in 甩咳.) ‖ 咳(せき) • (seki) ‖ a cough 咳 • (hae) · 咳 • (hae) (hangeul 해) Hán-Nôm : cay • Hán-Nôm : hãy • Hán-Nôm : hỡi • Hán-Nôm : khái • Hán-Nôm : gay • Hán-Nôm : gây 咳
哄 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡloːŋs) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 共 (OC *kloŋ, *ɡloŋs). ‖ ‖ For pronunciation and definitions of 哄 – see 鬨 (“to fight; to combat; to cause a commotion or disturbance”). \ (This character is the simplified form of 鬨). \ Notes: \ Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. \ Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hóng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : háng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hánn • Middle-Chinese : huwngH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hang ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : hung⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung³ to fool; to cheat • to keep (especially a child) in good humor; to coax • (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taiwanese and Singapore Hokkien) to frighten; to menace; to threaten; to intimidate by violent language ‖ (of many people) to vocalize simultaneously ‖ (Cantonese) to move close to (somebody); to crowd (somebody) 哄 (eum 홍 (hong)) Hán-Nôm : họng • Hán-Nôm : hống • Hán-Nôm : hòng • Hán-Nôm : ngọng • Hán-Nôm : rống 哄
哇 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qreː, *qʷraː) : semantic 口 + phonetic 圭 (OC *kʷeː). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄨㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ua • Middle-Chinese : 'ea • Middle-Chinese : 'wae Interjection indicating surprise or amazement: wow!, gee • (onomatopoeia) sound of crying • (onomatopoeia) sound of vomiting • (Classical) to vomit • Sentence-final particle: Equivalent of 啊 (a). Only used after words ending in -u, -ao. 哇 (eum 와 (wa)) Hán-Nôm : oa • Hán-Nôm : òa/oà 哇
哈 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋɡuːb) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb). ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ For Hui people, the surname is the initialism of several Arabic names, such as حَسَن (ḥasan). ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ Mostly likely Sinitic, but the exact etymon is disputed. Possible etyma include: \ * Pause/topic/focus marker 呵, 啊 (Dede, 2007; Xu, 2015, 2021); \ * Accusative/dative marker 行 attested in the Secret History of the Yuan Dynasty (Du, 2005), which may come from the locative 上 (“on; above”) (Jiang, 1998); or \ * Locative 下 (“below”) (Yang, 2014; Zhou, 2019). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngap⁶ • Middle-Chinese : ngop ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : haa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haai¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄚ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ha • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hap ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : hânn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hann • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hānn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hēnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hā ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haa¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄚˇ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : haa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haa⁵ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄚˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ha ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄚˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : Hap • Hokkien · Tai-lo : Hah ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄚˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ha ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kaa¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄚˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄚ ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄚˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄚ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄚˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄚˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄚˋ ‖ ^‡ (of fish) many; plenteous • ^‡ (of a fish's mouth) opening; moving • mouthful; sip ‖ (onomatopoeia) sound of laughter: ha • exclamation of triumph, etc.: ha! • (dialectal) Sentence-final particle softening the request. • to breathe out • (Xiamen, Quanzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to drink · (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to drink alcohol • (Xiamen, Quanzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to drink · (Taiwanese Hokkien) to drink tea • (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to exhale hot air to keep oneself warm • Short for 哈薩克斯坦／哈萨克斯坦 (Hāsàkèsītǎn, “Kazakhstan”). • Short for 哈爾濱／哈尔滨 (Hā'ěrbīn, “Harbin”). ‖ (Hokkien) Used to indicate confusion or pondering when the speaker did not hear or comprehend clearly: huh; hmm; what; pardon?; what did (they/you/he/she) say? • (Hokkien) Used to express doubt or disbelief: huh?; hmm?; what?; oh?; what do you mean? • (Hokkien) Used to express subtle surprise or amusement/astonishment: huh!; oh!; what! • (Taiwanese Hokkien) Used to express consent or agreement or approval: huh ok; oh alright; yeah; sure; ah yes ‖ (chiefly Mandarin, Jin, colloquial) to bend; to stoop ‖ (Beijing Mandarin) to scold; to reprimand ‖ Only used in 哈巴 (hǎba, “Pekingese; pug”). ‖ a surname (mainly among Hui people) ‖ Used in compounds. ‖ Only used in 哈喇 (hāla). ‖ (Southwestern Mandarin, Xiang) silly; stupid ‖ (Southwestern Mandarin) to tickle ‖ Only used in 哈士蟆 (hàshimá). ‖ Only used in 哈巴 (hàba). ‖ Alternative form of 喝 (“to drink”) • Alternative form of 呷 ‖ Used in place names. ‖ (Gansu and Qinghai Mandarin) Accusative/dative marker, placed after a preverbal object. 哈 • (hap) · 哈 • (hap) (hangeul 합, revised hap, McCune–Reischauer hap) Hán-Nôm : cáp • Hán-Nôm : hóp • Hán-Nôm : hộp • Hán-Nôm : ngáp • Hán-Nôm : họp • Hán-Nôm : hớp • Hán-Nôm : ngớp 哈
哎 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 艾 (OC *ŋaːds, *ŋads). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aai¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ai³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ai Interjection of surprise. interjection of surprise 哎 • (ae) · 哎 • (ae) (hangeul 애) Hán-Nôm : ngáy • Hán-Nôm : ngửi 哎
哥 Stacked form of 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ). \ ; “elder brother” \ : It is a clipping of 阿哥 (MC 'a ka), a borrowing from Xianbei *aqa (“elder brother”) (Mei, 2015). Compare Proto-Mongolic *aka, whence also Mongolian ᠠᠬ᠎ᠠ (ak-a, “elder brother”). Related to 阿干 (MC 'a kan), which is the definite form of the same Xianbei word (Mei, 2015). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ko • Hokkien · Tai-lo : koo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : koh • Middle-Chinese : ka older brother; elder brother • older male relative of the same generation • (honorific) term of address for a male person of the same age or older • Short for 哥斯達黎加／哥斯达黎加 (Gēsīdálíjiā, “Costa Rica”). • Original form of 歌 (gē, “to sing; song”). kanji used to transliterate borrowings from foreign languages • Alternative form of 歌 (“sing, singing”) • elder brother 哥 (eumhun 성씨 가 (seongssi ga)) Hán-Nôm : ca • Hán-Nôm : kha 哥
哦 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːl) : semantic 口 (“mouth; speech”) + phonetic 我 (OC *ŋaːlʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːl) : semantic 口 (“mouth; speech”) + phonetic 我 (OC *ŋaːlʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːl) : semantic 口 (“mouth; speech”) + phonetic 我 (OC *ŋaːlʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːl) : semantic 口 (“mouth; speech”) + phonetic 我 (OC *ŋaːlʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːl) : semantic 口 (“mouth; speech”) + phonetic 我 (OC *ŋaːlʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : o² • Cantonese · Jyutping : o⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : òo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ôo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄛˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : o⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : o⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : o³ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : o⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngo⁴ • Middle-Chinese : nga Used to express doubt: oh?; really? (Usage same as that of 𡂿／𫪘 (ōu).) ‖ Used to express realization or understanding: oh (Usage same as that of 𡂿／𫪘 (ōu).) ‖ sentence-final particle conveying informality, warmth, friendliness or intimacy • sentence-final particle indicating that one is stating a fact that the other person is not aware of ‖ (Cantonese) Used to express acknowledgement: okay ‖ (literary) to recite (poetry); to chant • (Cantonese) to nag 哦 • (a) · 哦 • (a) (hangeul 아, revised a, McCune–Reischauer a) canonical : 哦: Hán Việt readings: nga 哦: Nôm readings: nga chữ Hán form of nga (“recite, hum, croon”). 哦
哨 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sàu • Middle-Chinese : sjew • Middle-Chinese : tshjewH to patrol (keep watch over an area by regularly walking or travelling around it) • sentry; sentinel; post • to chirp • to whistle • whistle (device used to make a whistling sound) • a surname: Shao to stand guard, to look out (for a suspect or enemy) 哨 • (cho, so) · 哨 • (cho, so) (hangeul 초, 소, revised cho, so, McCune–Reischauer ch'o, so) Hán-Nôm : tiếu • Hán-Nôm : téo • Hán-Nôm : tóe • Hán-Nôm : toé • Hán-Nôm : tiêu 哨
哩 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 里 (OC *rɯʔ) \ The Min Nan form is borrowed from English mile. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 里 (OC *rɯʔ) \ The Min Nan form is borrowed from English mile. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 里 (OC *rɯʔ) \ The Min Nan form is borrowed from English mile. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 里 (OC *rɯʔ) \ The Min Nan form is borrowed from English mile. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 里 (OC *rɯʔ) \ The Min Nan form is borrowed from English mile. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 里 (OC *rɯʔ) \ The Min Nan form is borrowed from English mile. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : le¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : li¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mai ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄌㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : le¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --li • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --le • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --lee • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mai ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄞˇ (archaic) mile ‖ Used to indicate an interrogative perfective aspect. ‖ (at the end of declarative sentence) Used to indicate continuation of a state or action. • Placed after each item of a list ‖ (a phonetic component) · (Dungan) Marks the perfective aspect. ‖ a meaningless particle ‖ Only used in 哩伽塔. ‖ 哩(マイル) • (mairu) mile ‖ mile (mi) 哩 (eum 리 (ri)) mile Hán-Nôm : rị • Hán-Nôm : ré • Hán-Nôm : lí • Hán-Nôm : rí 哩
哪 Written as 那 before the 20th century. \ It is generally considered to be the fusion of 奈何 (OC *naːls ɡaːl, “how”) (Wang, 1990; Sun, 1992; Shimura, 1995), usually citing Gu Yanwu's (顧炎武) commentary on Zuozhuan. Lü (1985) distinguishes between “which” (choosing among several choices), which he derives from 若 (OC *njaɡ), and “how” (asking for something), which he considers to be a fusion of 若何 (OC *njaɡ ɡaːl, “how”). ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄚˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄟˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄞˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄚˇㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ná • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nóo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄋㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄋㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naa³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naa¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄜˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄨㄛˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lô ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄚˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄝˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄨㄛˊ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : ná • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nah which; what • any • Indefinite determiner. • where • wherever; anywhere; everywhere • (rhetorical question) how (used in rhetorical questions) ‖ Sentence-final particle, equivalent to 啊 (a). ‖ Only used in 哪吒 (Nézhā). ‖ Used to indicate something that should be noticed. ‖ Used in personal names. ‖ Only used in 哪哪. ‖ what • interjection used to express surprise • then why; how 哪 • (na) · 哪 • (na) (hangeul 나, McCune–Reischauer na) Hán-Nôm : ná • Hán-Nôm : nư • Hán-Nôm : na • Hán-Nôm : nạ 哪
哮 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hàu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : háu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hau • Middle-Chinese : xaew • Middle-Chinese : xaewH heavy breathing; wheeze • to roar; to howl to howl loudly 哮 (eum 효 (hyo)) Hán-Nôm : hao 哮
哼 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰraːŋ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 亨 (OC *qʰaŋʔ, *pqʰraːŋ, *qʰraːŋ) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰraːŋ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 亨 (OC *qʰaŋʔ, *pqʰraːŋ, *qʰraːŋ) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hang¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄏㄫ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hng⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hm⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hn̍gh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hngh to hum; to croon • to moan; to groan ‖ interjection at the start of a sentence expressing disapproval, disdain, discontent, displeasure, or anger: hmph; humph 哼 • (hyeong) · 哼 • (hyeong) (hangeul 형) Hán-Nôm : hanh 哼
唁 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋrans) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 言 (OC *ŋan). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gān • Middle-Chinese : ngjenH to offer condolences express condolence 唁 • (eon) · 唁 • (eon) (hangeul 언, revised eon, McCune–Reischauer ŏn) express condolence 唁
唉 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰlɯː, *qɯː, *qrɯː, *qrɯːʔ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 矣 (OC *ɢlɯʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰlɯː, *qɯː, *qrɯː, *qrɯːʔ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 矣 (OC *ɢlɯʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aai¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : oi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ai • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ài • Hokkien · Tai-lo : haih ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aai¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : oi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : haih interjection or grunt of agreement; yes; right • sighing interjection; ah; alas ‖ interjection or grunt of agreement; yes; right • sighing interjection; ah; alas • interjection expressing sadness, disappointment, regret, etc.; ah; alas alas 唉 • (ae) · 唉 • (ae) (hangeul 애, revised ae, McCune–Reischauer ae, Yale ay) ask • answer Hán-Nôm : ai • Hán-Nôm : hãy • Hán-Nôm : hởi • Hán-Nôm : hỡi • Hán-Nôm : hễ • Hán-Nôm : hĩ • Hán-Nôm : hơi 唉
唧 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsiɡ, *ʔsɯɡ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 即 (OC *ʔsɯɡ). ‖ ‖ ‖ Borrowed from English jack. Doublet of 積／积 (zik¹). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zik¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zit¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsit • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiak • Middle-Chinese : tsit • Middle-Chinese : tsik ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zik¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zek¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsit • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiak • Middle-Chinese : tsit • Middle-Chinese : tsik ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : zek¹ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : zik¹ to spurt; to squirt; to pump ‖ (onomatopoeia) ‖ (Cantonese) Sentence-final particle: · Used to persuade someone. • (Cantonese) Sentence-final particle: · Used to ask or question someone, often in an impatient tone. • (Cantonese) Sentence-final particle: · Used in a tender tone to indicate endearment. • (Cantonese) Sentence-final particle: · Used to indicate gratefulness, usually used with 好彩. ‖ (Cantonese) jack (device for raising and supporting a heavy object) • (Cantonese) to jack (to physically raise using a jack) Hán-Nôm : tức • Hán-Nôm : cơ 唧
唬 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰraːs, *kʷraːɡ) : semantic 口 + phonetic 虎 (OC *qʰlaːʔ) ‖ ‖ For pronunciation and definitions of 唬 – see 號 (“to roar”). \ (This character is a variant form of 號). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠ • Middle-Chinese : xaeH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄛˊ • Middle-Chinese : kwaek ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haak³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hó angry voice of tiger ‖ voice of bird ‖ Alternative form of 嚇／吓 (“to frighten”) ‖ to frighten or to fool 唬 • (ho) · 唬 • (ho) (hangeul 호, revised ho, McCune–Reischauer ho) 唬
售 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siû • Middle-Chinese : dzyuwH to sell • to carry out (a plan); to achieve (something sinister) 售 (eumhun 팔 수 (pal su)) canonical : 售: Hán Việt readings: thụ 售: Nôm readings: thụ • canonical : thịu 售
啃 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 肯 (OC *kʰɯːŋʔ). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hang² • Cantonese · Jyutping : han² • Cantonese · Jyutping : kang² • Cantonese · Jyutping : hang³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄣˋ to gnaw; to nibble • (figuratively) to delve into; to study or overcome • (onomatopoeic) cough ‖ (colloquial) to eat 啃 • (sap) · 啃 • (sap) (hangeul 삽, revised sap, McCune–Reischauer sap) 啃
啄 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rtoːɡ, *toːɡ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 豖 (OC *tʰoɡ) ‖ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : doek³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄛˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : teh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : terh • Middle-Chinese : tuwk • Middle-Chinese : traewk ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : doeng¹ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : top to peck (to strike with the beak or bill) • (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) with a sharp nose; having a nose shaped like a beak (used especially in compounds) ‖ beak; bill • bulge; protrusion; point; tip • to peck • to bite or hold with the mouth • to swindle; to rip off • to pick on; to target someone personally ‖ (Hokkien, business, gambling) to drive a hard bargain; to economically take advantage of; to exploit economically; to penny-pinch; to profiteer; to swindle; to cheat; to be stingy/miserly with (such as overpricing to favor sellers or undervaluing to favor buyers) ‖ 啄(たく) • (taku) to peck at ‖ the seventh of the Eight Principles of Yong 啄 (eum 탁 (tak)) Hán-Nôm : trác • Hán-Nôm : trốc • Hán-Nôm : chác 啄
啊 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 阿 (OC *qaːl). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 阿 (OC *qaːl). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 阿 (OC *qaːl). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 阿 (OC *qaːl). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 阿 (OC *qaːl). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : a • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --a • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --ah ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aa² ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄚˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aa⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aa³ Used by itself to express surprise. ah, oh, ha • Used to express affirmation or exhortation. ‖ Used to indicate doubt or questioning. what?, huh?, eh ‖ Used to indicate puzzled surprise. what? oh? huh? ‖ Used to indicate agreement/approval. ah ‖ Sentence-final particle expressing surprise. • Sentence-final particle expressing exclamation, excitement or enthusiasm. • Sentence-final particle softening the request. • Used in enumerations, for confirmation (often untranslated). • on and on, continuously Exclamatory particle 啊 • (a) · 啊 • (a) (hangeul 아, revised a, McCune–Reischauer a) love canonical : 啊: Hán Việt readings: a 啊: Nôm readings: a • canonical : à • canonical : ơ • canonical : ạ ‖ ‖ Nôm form of a (“Used in the beginning of a sentence to indicate questioning: ah, oh, ha”). 啊
啡 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰɯːlʔ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 非 (OC *pɯl). ‖ ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄟ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hui ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄟˋ • Middle-Chinese : phojX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄞˊ ‖ Used in transcription. • (chiefly Cantonese) Short for 咖啡 (kāfēi, “coffee”). • (～色) (chiefly Cantonese) brown ‖ ‖ ‖ (Eastern Min, dialectal Hakka) to spit 啡 • (bae, bi) · 啡 • (bae, bi) (hangeul 배, 비, revised bae, bi, McCune–Reischauer pae, pi) 啡
啤 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth (phonetic)”) + phonetic 卑. \ Borrowed from English beer. First attested in 1828, in Robert Morrison's Vocabulary of the Canton Dialect. ‖ Borrowed from English pair. \ From 1950 at the earliest. ‖ ‖ Borrowed from English press. ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pî ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : pe¹ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : be¹ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : be¹ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : be¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei¹ beer • (Hong Kong Cantonese) to drink beer ‖ pair • Classifier for pairs of objects. • Short for 啤牌. · playing card (Classifier: 張／张 c; 副 c; 套 c; 疊／叠 c) • Short for 啤牌. · (by extension) card game ‖ to stare; to glare ‖ to weld; to solder; to press a mould or seal an edge with a machine • to apply pressure to cause something to flow through ‖ (chiefly Cantonese) Used in transcription. ‖ larynx disorder that causes one to be unable to speak loudly • Alternative form of 諀 (bǐ) Hán-Nôm : bi • Hán-Nôm : bì 啤
啦 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 拉. ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ From 了 + 啊 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄌㄚ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄚ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : laa¹ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : --la • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --lah ‖ ‖ (Mandarin, colloquial) Contraction of 了啊 (le a). · Used at the end of a sentence to indicate a change of state with a strong emotion. • (Mandarin, colloquial) Contraction of 了啊 (le a). · Used at the end of a sentence to inform the beginning of an action with a strong emotion. ‖ ‖ (Cantonese) Placed at the end of a sentence in imperatives making it sound more like a request than an order. • (onomatopoeia) cheering sound ‖ (Southern Min) Placed at the end of a sentence to denote completion of an action. • (Southern Min) Placed at the end of a sentence to denote dissatisfaction and perfunctoriness. • (Philippine Hokkien) Placed at the end of a sentence to denote affirmation. ‖ Placed on the end of a sentence to indicate a yes-no question. ‖ Used to indicate a persistent questioning tone • Used to indicate berating tone Hán-Nôm : lạp • Hán-Nôm : láp 啦
啪 ; (Cantonese) to take (a medicine or drug) ‖ ; (Cantonese) to take (a medicine or drug) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paak¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paa¹ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : baak¹ (onomatopoeia) pop; pow • (neologism, slang) Synonym of 啪啪啪 (pāpāpā, “to have sex”) • (Cantonese) to take (a medicine or drug) • (Cantonese) to eat quickly • (Cantonese) to break apart something in a snappy manner • (Cantonese) to make a snapping sound ‖ (Cantonese, slang) to execute by firing squad 啪
啼 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *deː) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 帝 (OC *teːɡs). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tê • Middle-Chinese : dej ^⁜ to cry loudly; to wail • (dialectal, by extension) to cry; to weep • ^⁜ (of birds or beasts) to call; to cry; to howl • a surname to cry, to call (e.g. as a bird does -- see 鳴く) 啼 • (je) · 啼 • (je) (hangeul 제, revised je, McCune–Reischauer che, Yale cey) Hán-Nôm : đề 啼
喂 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 + phonetic 畏 (OC *quls). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 + phonetic 畏 (OC *quls). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : eh ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄨㄟ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄨㄝ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai² • Cantonese · Jyutping : wei² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ueh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uê (used to call attention) Hey! ‖ hello?; yes? (greeting, used when responding to a call, such as a phone call) • (dated) Response when spoken to directly face-to-face: yes? 喂 • (wi) · 喂 • (wi) (hangeul 위) Hán-Nôm : ỏi • Hán-Nôm : ói • Hán-Nôm : ôi • Hán-Nôm : òi • Hán-Nôm : uy • Hán-Nôm : hôi • Hán-Nôm : ổi • Hán-Nôm : úi 喂
喇 ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laa³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laa⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : la • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lá • Hokkien · Tai-lo : la̍t ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : la̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : la̍t ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄚˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laa¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄚˊ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : laa³ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : laa⁴ Only used in 喇叭 (lǎba, “trumpet; bugle”). ‖ Only used in 喇嘛 (lǎma, “lama”). ‖ ‖ (onomatopoeia) sound of wind or rain ‖ Only used in 哈喇子 (hālázi, “saliva”) and 半喇子兒／半喇子儿 (“a half”). ‖ Used at the end of a sentence to indicate a change of state. • Used at the end of a sentence to inform the beginning of an action. ‖ Sentence-final particle expressing surprise and suspicion. 喇 • (ral, ra) · 喇 • (ral, ra) (hangeul 랄, 라, revised ral, ra, McCune–Reischauer ral, ra) Hán-Nôm : lạt 喇
喊 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰaːmʔ, *qʰrɯːmʔ, *ɡrɯːmʔ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 咸 (OC *ɡrɯːm). Cantonese · Jyutping : haam³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hám • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiàm • Middle-Chinese : xamX • Middle-Chinese : heamX • Middle-Chinese : xeamX to shout; to cry; to yell; to howl • to call out for (someone) • (Cantonese) to cry; to sob; to weep • (regional) to address (someone in the specified way when talking to them); to call 喊 (eumhun 소리칠 함 (sorichil ham)) hanja form of 함 (“shout”) Hán-Nôm : hảm 喊
喘 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰjonʔ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 耑 (OC *toːn). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuán • Middle-Chinese : tsyhwenX to pant; to gasp • to breathe • breath; breathing pant • gasp • breathe hard 喘 • (cheon) · 喘 • (cheon) (hangeul 천, revised cheon, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏn) Hán-Nôm : suyễn • Hán-Nôm : suyển • Hán-Nôm : siễn 喘
喚 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰʷaːns) : semantic 口 + phonetic 奐 (OC *qʰʷaːns). Cantonese · Jyutping : wun⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huàn • Middle-Chinese : xwanH to call; to summon ‖ 喚(かん) • (kan) ^(←くわん (kwan)?) ‖ to shout; to cry • to call; to summon 喚 (eumhun 부를 환 (bureul hwan)) hanja form of 환 (“call”) Hán-Nôm : hoán 喚
喧 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰʷan) : semantic 口 + phonetic 宣 (OC *sqʰon). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hyun¹ • Middle-Chinese : xjwon noisy; uproarious; clamouring noisy; uproarious; clamouring • lively 喧 • (hwon) · 喧 • (hwon) (hangeul 훤, revised hwon, McCune–Reischauer hwŏn) Hán-Nôm : huyên 喧
單 Characters in the same phonetic series (單) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Pictogram (象形) – a net to catch animals. The two boxes at the top are weights, the middle section is the net, the bottom is the rope. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(d/t)a(n/j) (“single; one; whole; only”). Cognate with 但 (OC *daːn, *daːnʔ, *daːns, “only; but”). ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuann • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tan • Middle-Chinese : tan ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sim⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siân • Middle-Chinese : dzyen ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : Siān • Middle-Chinese : dzyenX • Middle-Chinese : dzyenH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢˊ single; individual; solitary • thin; narrow; faint • simple; uncomplicated • (of clothes) unlined • (mathematics) Short for 單數／单数 (dānshù, “odd”). • (linguistics) Short for 單數／单数 (dānshù, “singular”). • cover; bed sheet • list; register; catalogue • only; merely; simply • and; plus • bill (Classifier: 張／张 c) • (Cantonese) receipt (Classifier: 張／张 c) • (Cantonese) transaction; order (Classifier: 張／张 c) • Classifier for cases, deals and businesses. • (Cantonese, derogatory) Classifier for people. • a surname ‖ to surround • Used in 單于 (chányú). • Used in 單閼／单阏. ‖ (～縣) Shan County (a county of Shandong) • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 嘽／啴 • Alternative form of 繟／𦈎 ‖ Alternative form of 戰／战 (zhàn) • Used in 單至／单至. ‖ (rare) a surname 單 (eumhun 홀 단 (hol dan)) ‖ 單 (eumhun 오랑캐 이름 선 (orangkae ireum seon)) hanja form of 단 (“single; individual; solitary”) ‖ hanja form of 선 (“a barbarian”) Hán-Nôm : đơn • Hán-Nôm : đan • Hán-Nôm : thiền • Hán-Nôm : truyên 單
喳 ‖ Misinterpreted from Manchu ᠵᡝ (je). Compare Mongolian ᠵᠠ (ǰa) (Cyrillic spelling за (za)). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshā ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa¹ (onomatopoeia) sound of birds tweeting loudly. ‖ (historical, chiefly in novels, movies or dramas) yes (when responding to the emperor or a Manchu official in the Qing dynasty) 喳 (eum 사 (sa)) Hán-Nôm : tra 喳
喻 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *los) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 俞 (OC *l̥ʰus, *lo). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *los) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 俞 (OC *l̥ʰus, *lo). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jū • Middle-Chinese : yuH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ to inform; to notify; to explain • to understand; to know • to draw an analogy; to liken; to use a metaphor • a surname ‖ ^† Alternative form of 愉 (yú, “happy”) ‖ Extended shinjitai form of 喩 ‖ 喻 • (yu) · 喻 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu, Yale yu) canonical : 喻: Hán Việt readings: dụ • canonical : du 喻: Nôm readings: dụ • canonical : dầu • canonical : dẫu • canonical : dỗ • canonical : nhủ • canonical : rủ • canonical : dẩu chữ Hán form of dụ (“allegory, metaphor, to explain”). 喻
嗓 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sŋaːŋʔ) : semantic 口 + phonetic 桑 (OC *sŋaːŋ). \ Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s(j)a(m/ŋ) (“throat”) (STEDT). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : song¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : song² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sóng (anatomy) throat • voice 嗓 (eum 상 (sang)) Hán-Nôm : tảng • Hán-Nôm : tang • Hán-Nôm : tãng • Hán-Nôm : sãng 嗓
嗚 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qaː) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 烏 (OC *qaː). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : oo • Middle-Chinese : 'u (onomatopoeia) Sound of sobbing or crying. (expression) oh, ah, alas • to weep 嗚 • (o) · 嗚 • (o) (hangeul 오, revised o, McCune–Reischauer o) Hán-Nôm : ô • Hán-Nôm : o • Hán-Nôm : ọ • Hán-Nôm : ỏ • Hán-Nôm : u • Hán-Nôm : ú 嗚
嗜 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : si³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sī • Middle-Chinese : dzyijH to be addicted to; to indulge in; to have weakness for • to covet like • prefer 嗜 • (gi) · 嗜 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki) Hán-Nôm : thị 嗜
嗡 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qloːŋ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 翁 (OC *qloːŋ). ‖ Semantic loan from Sanskrit ॐ (oṃ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ong ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄛㄫ (onomatopoeia) buzzing; droning; humming ‖ (Buddhism) om 嗡 (eumhun 소 울음 옹 (so ureum ong)) canonical : 嗡: Hán Việt readings: ông • canonical : án 嗡: Nôm readings: óng • canonical : ông 嗡
嗣 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sīr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sû • Middle-Chinese : ziH (literary) to inherit; to continue • (literary) descendants • (literary) heir; successor • (literary) soon after to inherit; to succeed (take over a position). See the variant form: 継ぐ. 嗣 • (sa) · 嗣 • (sa) (hangeul 사, revised sa, McCune–Reischauer sa) Hán-Nôm : tự 嗣
嗽 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sloːɡs, *sroːɡ, *sloːɡ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 欶 (OC *sloːɡs, *sroːɡ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄡˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sok³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sòo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sàu • Middle-Chinese : suwH • Middle-Chinese : suwk • Middle-Chinese : sraewk to cough ‖ 嗽(うがい) • (ugai) ^(←うがひ (ugafi)?) ‖ ‖ gargling ‖ gargle 嗽 • (su) · 嗽 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su) Hán-Nôm : sấu 嗽
嘀 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 啇. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 啇. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˊ An onomatopoeia. ‖ Used in 嘀咕 (dígu). Hán-Nôm : đích 嘀
嘉 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kraːl) : semantic 壴 + phonetic 加 (OC *kraːl). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ka • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kee • Middle-Chinese : kae excellent; good • auspicious • to praise, commend praise • auspicious 嘉 (eum 가 (ga)) beautiful • happy, joyous Hán-Nôm : gia 嘉
嘗 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djaŋ) : phonetic 尚 (OC *djaŋ, *djaŋs) + semantic 旨 (“will; intention”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : soeng⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siâng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsn̂g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siáng • Middle-Chinese : dzyang to taste; to try the flavour • to attempt; to try • to experience • (literary) ever; once • a surname once • before • formerly • ever • never • ex- • lick • lap up • burn up • taste • undergo • underrate • despise 嘗 • (sang) · 嘗 • (sang) (hangeul 상, revised sang, McCune–Reischauer sang) Hán-Nôm : thường 嘗
嘛 ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄇㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maa³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --ma • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --mah ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄚˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄚˊㄦ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄇㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maa⁴ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : mā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mǎ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄚˊ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : mà (suggests that the preceding is obvious, sometimes impatient in tone): Of course! • Signals a pause in a sentence, sometimes used to get the listener's attention. • Used at the end of an imperative or request to express expectation or dissuasion. ‖ (dialectal) what ‖ Only used in 喇嘛 (lǎma). ‖ (Southern Min) also ‖ Only used in 唵嘛呢叭咪吽 (ǎn mānī bēimēi hōng). ‖ Only used in 嘛嘛吼 (mamahǒu). 嘛 • (ma) · 嘛 • (ma) (hangeul 마, revised ma, McCune–Reischauer ma, Yale ma) Hán-Nôm : ma 嘛
嘴 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔseʔ) : semantic 口 + phonetic 觜 (OC *ʔse, *ʔse, *ʔseʔ). \ Related to 觜 (OC *ʔse, *ʔse, *ʔseʔ, “horn-like hair on the owl-head; beak of a bird; mouth”). \ Further etymology is unknown. Schuessler (2007) relates it to Tibetan མཚུལ་པ (mtshul pa, “lower part of the face; muzzle; beak”), which is from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-ts(j)ul (“lip; beak”) (STEDT). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄟˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄟˇㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuí (anatomy) mouth (especially the part of the face associated with the mouth) (Classifier: 張／张 m) • (figurative) mouth-like object; beak; nozzle; spout (of a teapot, etc.) • (figurative) food • (figurative) utterance; spoken words; speech • (Cantonese) to kiss • (literary) beak ‖ 嘴(くちばし) • (kuchibashi) ‖ 嘴(はし) • (hashi) beak; bill ‖ (anatomy) beak; bill ‖ (anatomy) beak; bill 嘴 (eum 취 (chwi)) Hán-Nôm : chủy • Hán-Nôm : chuỷ 嘴
嘶 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *seː) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 斯 (OC *se). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sai¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : si¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sir • Hokkien · Tai-lo : su • Middle-Chinese : sej neighing of a horse • husky throated; gravel voiced • (of birds; insects) mournful murmur; whimpering • (onomatopoeia, of various sounds) eg. sound of paper being shredded; sobbing to neigh, to whinny 嘶 • (si) · 嘶 • (si) (hangeul 시, revised si, McCune–Reischauer si) Hán-Nôm : tê 嘶
嘹 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : liu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâu • Middle-Chinese : lew • Middle-Chinese : lewH (of sound) clear and melodious used to describe clearness of voice 嘹 • (ryo) · 嘹 • (ryo) (hangeul 료, revised ryo, McCune–Reischauer ryo) used describe clarity of voice • resonant Hán-Nôm : rêu 嘹
嘻 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰɯ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 喜 (OC *qʰlɯʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hei¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hi • Middle-Chinese : xi (interjection) expression of surprise • (onomatopoeia) representation for laughter mirthful • happy • interjection 嘻 • (hui) · 嘻 • (hui) (hangeul 희, revised hui, McCune–Reischauer hŭi) harmony • laugh Hán-Nôm : hi • Hán-Nôm : hảy • Hán-Nôm : hề • Hán-Nôm : hì • Hán-Nôm : hí 嘻
嘿 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : heh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --heh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --hennh hey (used to get attention, or express admiration or surprise) • hah; hee; lol • (Taiwan) yeah; yes 嘿 • (muk) · 嘿 • (muk) (hangeul 묵, revised muk, McCune–Reischauer muk) Hán-Nôm : hải 嘿
噩 The same character as 咢, both ultimately derived from or identical to 喪, see there for more. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngok⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : go̍k • Middle-Chinese : ngak frightening; startling; shocking; ill-omened bad • ill-omened • unlucky 噩 • (ak) · 噩 • (ak) (hangeul 악, revised ak, McCune–Reischauer ak) Hán-Nôm : ngạc 噩
噪 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *saːws) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 喿 (OC *saːws, “to chirp”). \ Originally written 喿, see there for more. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cou³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshòo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsàu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sò • Middle-Chinese : sawH (literary) to chirp; to cry • to clamor; to make an uproar; to make a racket 噪 • (jo) · 噪 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho) Hán-Nôm : táo • Hán-Nôm : tháo 噪
噴 Characters in the same phonetic series (奔) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰɯːn, *pʰɯːns, *pɯns) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 賁 (OC *prals, *bɯl, *pɯːn, *bɯn) \ STEDT compares it to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *m/s-prat ~ *pran (“to sprinke; to spray”), whence Burmese ဖျန်း (hpyan:, “to spray, to sprinkle”). On the other hand, Schuessler (2007) compares it to Mizo phuh (“to blow out of the mouth”), Tibetan ཕུ་བ (phu ba, “to blow”). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (奔) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰɯːn, *pʰɯːns, *pɯns) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 賁 (OC *prals, *bɯl, *pɯːn, *bɯn) \ STEDT compares it to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *m/s-prat ~ *pran (“to sprinke; to spray”), whence Burmese ဖျန်း (hpyan:, “to spray, to sprinkle”). On the other hand, Schuessler (2007) compares it to Mizo phuh (“to blow out of the mouth”), Tibetan ཕུ་བ (phu ba, “to blow”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄣ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pan³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pan¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phùn • Middle-Chinese : phwon • Middle-Chinese : phwonH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣˋ to spurt; to gush; to jet out • to spray • (colloquial, slang) to angrily rebuke or scold • (of smell) strong; fragrant • (colloquial) busy season (of something) • Classifier for the number of times a plant blooms, bears fruits, ripens or is harvested. ‖ ^† to play a wind instrument erupt, spew 噴 (eumhun 뿜을 분 (ppumeul bun)) Hán-Nôm : phun • Hán-Nôm : phún • Hán-Nôm : phôn 噴
嚇 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰraːɡs, *qʰraːɡ) : semantic 口 + phonetic 赫 (OC *qʰraːɡ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/d-krwak (“frighten”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan སྐྲག་ (skrag), Burmese ကြောက် (krauk), Lashi kyuk (Hill, 2019). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰraːɡs, *qʰraːɡ) : semantic 口 + phonetic 赫 (OC *qʰraːɡ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/d-krwak (“frighten”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan སྐྲག་ (skrag), Burmese ကြောက် (krauk), Lashi kyuk (Hill, 2019). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰraːɡs, *qʰraːɡ) : semantic 口 + phonetic 赫 (OC *qʰraːɡ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/d-krwak (“frighten”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan སྐྲག་ (skrag), Burmese ကြောက် (krauk), Lashi kyuk (Hill, 2019). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haak³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : herk • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hà • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiannh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : heeh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hennh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : heh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hat • Middle-Chinese : xaeH • Middle-Chinese : xaek ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haak¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hennh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : he̍nnh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : henn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiannh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : heh • Middle-Chinese : xaek ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : hánn (transitive) to frighten; to scare • (intransitive) to be afraid; to be scared; to be frightened • to threaten; to intimidate • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) Used to express intimidation ‖ Used to express disapproval, discontent, or resentment: tut-tut; humph • Used to express astonishment. • (Hokkien) Used to express a positive response: that's right; right • (Hokkien) Placed at the end of a sentence to indicate doubt: isn’t it so? ‖ (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to threaten; to intimidate; to frighten • (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to cow someone to submission 嚇 • (ha, hyeok) · 嚇 • (ha, hyeok) (hangeul 하, 혁, revised ha, hyeok, McCune–Reischauer ha, hyŏk) Hán-Nôm : hách • Hán-Nôm : hạ 嚇
嚎 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 + phonetic 豪 (OC *ɡaːw). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : âu ‖ (of an animal) to roar; to howl • (of people) to shout • (dialectal) to cry; to weep ‖ Sentence-final particle used to indicate a rebuting tone. • Used to indicate surprise. 嚎 • (ho) · 嚎 • (ho) (hangeul 호, revised ho, McCune–Reischauer ho) Hán-Nôm : hào • Hán-Nôm : gào 嚎
嚴 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋam) : semantic 喦 (“talkative”) + phonetic 敢 (OC *klaːmʔ, “daring”) – the original script of 譀 (OC *qʰlaːms, *qʰraːms, *qʰraːb, “exaggerated and absurd words”). \ The meanings of “solemn” and “stern” may be a result of phonetic borrowing. \ Schuessler (2007) considers 嚴 (OC *ŋam) to be cognate with the following: \ * 巖 (OC *ŋraːm, “(of mountains) high; lofty”) \ * 儼 (OC *ŋamʔ, “dignified; majestic”) \ * 險 (OC *qʰramʔ, “precipitous; dangerous”) \ * 業 (OC *ŋab, “lofty; large”) (an allofam with a stop final). \ They are all Sino-Tibetan in origin. Cognates in Tibetan include Tibetan རྔམ་པ་ (rngam pa, “splendor; majesty”) and Tibetan རྔམས (rngams, “height; splendor”). Burmese ငြမ်း (ngram:, “scaffold”) may also be a cognate. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : giâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gêm • Middle-Chinese : ngjaem strict; rigorous; rigid • solemn; majestic; stately; grave • urgent; pressing • severe; intense • (of a door, mouth, defense, etc.) tight • (literary) to respect • (literary) to fear • (honorific) father • a surname Kyūjitai form of 厳 (strictness, severity, rigidity) 嚴 • (eom) · 嚴 • (eom) (hangeul 엄, revised eom, McCune–Reischauer ŏm) strict, rigorous, rigid • stern Hán-Nôm : nghiêm • Hán-Nôm : ngàm 嚴
嚷 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njaŋʔ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 襄 (OC *snaŋ) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njaŋʔ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 襄 (OC *snaŋ) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiáng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jióng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄤ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄤˇ to shout; to cry out • to make an uproar, to brawl • (dialectal) to criticize ‖ Synonym of 嚷 (rǎng) Only used in 嚷嚷 (rāngrang). 嚷 • (yang) · 嚷 • (yang) (hangeul 양, revised yang, McCune–Reischauer yang) Hán-Nôm : nhượng • Hán-Nôm : nhằng • Hán-Nôm : nhương • Hán-Nôm : nhướng • Hán-Nôm : nhưỡng 嚷
嚼 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zewɢ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 爵 (OC *ʔsewɢ). \ Schuessler (2003) links this word with Proto-Mon-Khmer *caʔ (“to eat”). Also compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dzaʔ (“to eat”). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsio̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsio̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiok • Middle-Chinese : dzjak ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsia̍uh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshia̍uh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiauh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiauh (transitive) to chew; to masticate; to crunch ‖ (Hokkien) to chatter; to prattle; to talk incessantly (used mainly in compounds) • (Hokkien) to chatter; to prattle; to talk incessantly (used mainly in compounds) · (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippine and Taiwanese Hokkien) to be fond of talking; to chatter • (Taiwanese Hokkien, music, dated) paiban (played by hitting it on one's palm or knee) • (Taiwanese Hokkien, music, dated) sound of a paiban • (Taiwanese Hokkien, music, dated) to play the paiban • (Taiwanese Hokkien, dated) to jump in a bouncing way like a rabbit 嚼 • (jak) · 嚼 • (jak) (hangeul 작, revised jak, McCune–Reischauer chak) Hán-Nôm : tước 嚼
囊 Characters in the same phonetic series (襄) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) – a tied bag (𣒚), with various items in it (𤕦). 𤕦 also serves as a phonetic element. There are many alternative forms. In the modern, standard form, the bottom turned into an abbreviated form of 襄, with the result that the character is a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *naːŋ) : abbreviated semantic 㯻 (“bag”) + abbreviated phonetic 襄 (OC *snaŋ). \ Possibly Sino-Tibetan; compare Burmese နွှင် (hnwang, “to skin; to peel off”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄤˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄤ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : long • Middle-Chinese : nang ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : long² bag; sack; pouch; pocket • to bag; to put into a bag • to cover • (Hokkien) to wear; to put on • (Xiamen and Taiwanese Hokkien) to put into • (Quanzhou Hokkien) to fool; to trick; to trap • a surname ‖ interior; contents • (of a structure) shell; skeleton • framework; outline; gist ‖ bag • purse • sack • put in bag ‖ 囊 (eumhun 주머니 낭 (jumeoni nang)) pocket • bag Hán-Nôm : nang • Hán-Nôm : nẵng 囊
囤 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tyun⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : teon⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tûn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thûn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tún • Middle-Chinese : dwonX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : deon⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǔn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tūn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tún • Middle-Chinese : dwonX to store up; to hoard ‖ grain basket; bin for grain 囤 • (don) · 囤 • (don) (hangeul 돈, revised don, McCune–Reischauer ton) Hán-Nôm : độn • Hán-Nôm : đụn 囤
圃 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *paːʔ, *paːs) : semantic 囗 + phonetic 甫 (OC *paʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pou² • Cantonese · Jyutping : bou² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phóo • Middle-Chinese : puX • Middle-Chinese : puH (literally and figuratively) garden • gardener • lush; luxuriant 圃 • (po) · 圃 • (po) (hangeul 포, revised po, McCune–Reischauer p'o) Hán-Nôm : bo 圃
圈 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰron, *ɡronʔ, *kʰon, *ɡlonʔ, *ɡlons) : semantic 囗 + phonetic 卷 (OC *ɡron, *kronʔ, *krons, *ɡonʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰron, *ɡronʔ, *kʰon, *ɡlonʔ, *ɡlons) : semantic 囗 + phonetic 卷 (OC *ɡron, *kronʔ, *krons, *ɡonʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰron, *ɡronʔ, *kʰon, *ɡlonʔ, *ɡlons) : semantic 囗 + phonetic 卷 (OC *ɡron, *kronʔ, *krons, *ɡonʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gyun⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuān • Middle-Chinese : gjwonX • Middle-Chinese : gjwenX • Middle-Chinese : gjwonH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hyun¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄢㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khian ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gyun⁶ pen; sty; fold • state; city • (neologism, Internet slang, derogatory by comparison to sense 1) Alternative form of 圈 (quān, “social circle; community”) • a surname: Juan ‖ to enclose; to encircle; to circle • to mark with a circle • to bend; to angle; to curve • circle; ring; loop • (Wu) earring • area; circle • social circle; connections; group • trap; trick; trickery • Classifier for laps of a race, loops, orbits, etc. ‖ to shut in a pen; to pen in • to lock up; to jail • to confine range • orbit • sphere 圈 (eumhun 우리 권 (uri gwon)) hanja form of 권 (“circle; sphere”) • hanja form of 권 (“area; region”) • hanja form of 권 (“pen (for animals)”) Hán-Nôm : khuyên • Hán-Nôm : khoen • Hán-Nôm : quyên • Hán-Nôm : quyền 圈
國 Characters in the same phonetic series (或) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷɯːɡ) : semantic 囗 (“closure”) + phonetic 或 (OC *ɡʷɯːɡ). \ The k-prefix derivation of 域 (OC *ɢʷrɯɡ, “boundary; territory”). Cognate with 閾 (OC *qʰʷrɯɡ, “threshold”) and 囿 (OC *ɢʷɯs, *ɡʷɯ, “park; garden”). \ No obvious outside cognate exists. It may be related to Burmese ကွက် (kwak, “to be marked with a square or circular pattern; to be confined to a certain area”) (Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄛˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kok • Middle-Chinese : kwok country; nation; nation-state; kingdom • (obsolete) capital • (obsolete) to make a place the capital city; to establish a capital • (obsolete or in compounds) place; region • (in compounds) national; representing a nation • Short for 國語／国语 (guóyǔ, “Mandarin”). • Short for 國民黨／国民党 (Guómíndǎng, “Kuomintang”). • domestic; of our country (in many contexts meaning Chinese) • Classifier for countries (quasi-measure word). • a surname ‖ 國(くに) • (kuni) country, nation, nation-state ‖ a land, a country 國 (eumhun 나라 국 (nara guk)) hanja form of 국 (“country; state; nation”) [affix] canonical : 國: Hán Việt readings: quốc 國: Nôm readings: cuốc • canonical : quốc chữ Hán form of quốc (“nation; state; country”). 國
圍 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷɯl, *ɢʷɯls) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 囗 (“enclosure”) + phonetic 韋 (OC *ɢʷɯl, “to surround”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : û • Middle-Chinese : hjw+j • Middle-Chinese : hjw+jH to surround; to encircle; to corral • all sides • girth • (often in Guangdong and Hong Kong place names) walled village (Classifier: 條／条 c) • (Cantonese) Classifier for number of tables at a restaurant or a feast. (usually twelve people per table) • (Cantonese) to tally; to calculate (an amount) • (medicine) peri- to surround, encircle Hán-Nôm : vi • Hán-Nôm : vè • Hán-Nôm : vây • Hán-Nôm : vầy • Hán-Nôm : ví 圍
圓 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢon) : semantic 囗 + phonetic 員 (OC *ɢon, *ɢun). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : înn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uân • Middle-Chinese : zjwen • Middle-Chinese : hjwen (mathematics) circle • circular; round • complete; thorough • tactful • to complete • (numismatics) yuan; dollar; yen; won • (dialectal Cantonese, Teochew, Singapore Hokkien) glutinous rice ball ‖ round; circle • yen ‖ 圓 (eumhun 둥글 원 (dunggeul won)) hanja form of 원 (“circle”) • hanja form of 원 (“won”) Hán-Nôm : viên • Hán-Nôm : vin 圓
圖 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 囗 (“walled city”) + 啚. \ 啚 is the early form of 鄙 (OC *prɯʔ, “remote areas”), thus meaning “territory”. Cantonese · Jyutping : tou⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tôo • Middle-Chinese : du diagram; plot (Classifier: 張／张 m; 幅 m) • chart; map; picture; image (Classifier: 張／张 m c; 幅 m c) • intention; wish • to draw; to paint • to plan; to plot; to scheme • to try to gain; to seek drawing; picture; diagram; figure; illustration; chart; graph • sight; scene 圖 (eumhun 그림 도 (geurim do)) hanja form of 도 (“painting”) • hanja form of 도 (“stamp, seal”) • hanja form of 도 (“book”) Hán-Nôm : đồ to trace (a drawing or painting) • to duplicate (a drawing or painting) 圖
團 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *doːn) : semantic 囗 + phonetic 專 (OC *tjon). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄢˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄢˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thn̂g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuînn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thn̍gh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuânn • Middle-Chinese : dwan sphere; ball; circle • to roll (into a ball) • mass; lump • Classifier for round, lumpy, or amorphous objects. • group; collective; panel; team; organization • group; collective; panel; team; organization · tour group arranged by travel agency • (figurative, in compounds) tightly; completely; as an inseparable collective (suggestive of circles or tightly knit groups) • (military) regiment; corps • (military or paramilitary) formation; troops; armed organization • (Mainland China) Short for 共青團／共青团 (gòngqīngtuán, “Communist Youth League”). • (graph theory) clique association 團 (eumhun 둥글 단 (dunggeul dan)) hanja form of 단 (“group”) Hán-Nôm : đoàn group • party • corps 團
圾 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saap³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sap ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˊ Only used in 垃圾 (lājī, “garbage; rubbish”). ‖ clod 圾 (eumhun 위태할 급 (witaehal geup)) canonical : 圾: Hán Việt readings: ngập 圾: Nôm readings: ngập 圾
址 Characters in the same phonetic series (止) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kjɯʔ) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 止 (OC *kjɯʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsí • Middle-Chinese : tsyiX location; address; site • ground; foundation ‖ 址(し) • (shi) ‖ (architecture) base of a structure • remains, ruins 址 (eum 지 (ji)) canonical : 址: Hán Việt readings: chỉ 址: Nôm readings: chỉ • canonical : xởi 址
坎 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰoːmʔ, *kʰoːms) : semantic 土 (“earth; soil”) + phonetic 欠 (OC *kʰoms). Cantonese · Jyutping : ham² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ham¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ham³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khám • Middle-Chinese : khomX (literary) pit; hole • bank or ridge between fields • critical juncture (Classifier: 道 m) • 6th of the 8 trigrams (☵) • 29th hexagram of the I Ching (䷜) • Short for 坎德拉 (kǎndélā). • a surname ‖ 坎(かん) • (kan) ‖ pit; hole; pitfall • one of the eight trigrams: ☵ 坎 (eum 감 (gam)) pit, hole • snare, trap • crisis canonical : 坎: Hán Việt readings: khảm 坎: Nôm readings: khóm • canonical : khúm • canonical : khăm • canonical : khảm • canonical : khẳm 坎
坏 Simplified from 壞 (褱 → 不) ‖ For pronunciation and definitions of 坏 – see 坯 (“unburnt pottery and bricks; base; adobe; etc.”). \ (This character is a variant form of 坯). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄟ ‖ unfired pottery and bricks; base • low hill • wall • to use earth to fill a crack 坏 (eum 배 (bae)) canonical : 坏: Hán Việt readings: phôi 坏: Nôm readings: hoai • canonical : hoại • canonical : hoải • canonical : phôi 坏
坡 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰaːl) : semantic 土 (“dirt”) + phonetic 皮 (OC *bral). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄛ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pho • Hokkien · Tai-lo : po • Hokkien · Tai-lo : poo • Middle-Chinese : pha slope; bank; hillside • to slant; to incline; to tilt • (Taiwan, Hong Kong) Short for 新加坡 (Xīnjiāpō, “Singapore”). 坡 • (pa) · 坡 • (pa) (hangeul 파, revised pa, McCune–Reischauer p'a) Hán-Nôm : pha • Hán-Nôm : bờ • Hán-Nôm : phơ • Hán-Nôm : da 坡
坦 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰaːnʔ) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 旦 (OC *taːns) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taan² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thánn • Middle-Chinese : thanX ^⁜ flat; level; wide • ^⁜ calm; open-hearted; at ease • ^⁜ honest; frank • to reveal; to expose • a surname flat; level; even 坦 (eumhun 평평할 탄 (pyeongpyeonghal tan)) hanja form of 탄 (“flat; level; even”) canonical : 坦: Hán Việt readings: thản • canonical : thán 坦: Nôm readings: đứt • canonical : đất • canonical : đắt • canonical : thản • canonical : đác • canonical : đởn • canonical : thán • canonical : đắn • canonical : đật • canonical : ngẩn • canonical : thưỡn ‖ romanization : thản ‖ romanization : đất ‖ romanization : đứt ‖ chữ Hán form of thản (“flat; level; wide”). • chữ Hán form of thản (“calm; pleasant”). ‖ Nôm form of đất (“earth; soil; dirt”). • Nôm form of đất (“land”). ‖ Nôm form of đứt (“to break off; to be cut off”). 坦
坷 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰaːlʔ, *kʰaːls) : semantic 土 + phonetic 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰaːlʔ, *kʰaːls) : semantic 土 + phonetic 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khónn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khó • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khia̍t • Middle-Chinese : khaX • Middle-Chinese : khaH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜ Only used in 坎坷 (kǎnkě). ‖ Used in 坷垃 (kēlā). • A placename in ancient China. 坷 • (ga) · 坷 • (ga) (hangeul 가, revised ga, McCune–Reischauer ka) Hán-Nôm : kha • Hán-Nôm : khá • Hán-Nôm : khú 坷
垃 ‖ From 在 (MC dzojX) (Dai, 2004) (compare 哉 > 了) or 來 (MC loj). Cognate with 勒. ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laap⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : la̍p • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lap • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lah ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄚ Only used in 垃圾 (lājī). ‖ to be at; to be located at • at; in • be ...-ing; in the middle of doing something (indicating an action in progress) ‖ Only used in 坷垃 (kēlā). Hán-Nôm : lạp • Hán-Nôm : lắp • Hán-Nôm : lấp • Hán-Nôm : lớp • Hán-Nôm : rập • Hán-Nôm : lọp 垃
垢 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : káu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kió • Middle-Chinese : kuwX filth; dirt • filthy • (obsolete) dust • (literary) shame ‖ 垢(あか) • (aka) ‖ 垢(あか) • (aka) ‖ 垢(く) • (ku) grime ‖ scum • dirt ‖ (slang, computing) account ‖ klesha 垢 • (gu) · 垢 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku) Hán-Nôm : cấu • Hán-Nôm : cáu 垢
垣 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷan) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 亘 (). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huân • Middle-Chinese : hjwon wall • city • (astronomy) enclosure ‖ 垣(かき) • (kaki) ‖ fence Hán-Nôm : viên 垣
垮 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwaa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khua (of a structure) to collapse; to fall • to be utterly defeated; to be routed • (of one's body) to be worn out Hán-Nôm : khoai 垮
埃 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qlɯː) : semantic 土 (“earth; soil”) + phonetic 矣 (OC *ɢlɯʔ). ‖ ‖ Short for 埃斯特朗 or 埃格斯特朗 (āigésītèlǎng). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ai • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia • Middle-Chinese : 'oj ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ai ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ai ‖ fine dust, dirt • one ten-billionth, the number 10⁻¹⁰ ‖ Used in transcription. • Short for 埃及 (Āijí, “Egypt”). ‖ angstrom ‖ (Shanghainese) that ‖ 埃(あい) • (ai) ‖ 埃(ほこり) • (hokori) ‖ one ten-billionth ‖ dust 埃 (eumhun 티끌 애 (tikkeul ae)) fine dust, dirt canonical : 埃: Hán Việt readings: ai 埃: Nôm readings: ai 埃
埠 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *baːs) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 阜 (OC *buʔ). \ A late formation (後起字). Earlier forms of southern Chinese toponyms using the character were often written with the homophone 步 (MC buH) in historical records dated from the Northern Wei to Ming dynasties, which has been conjectured to be a transcription of an earlier Kra-Dai word (Kang, 2010). Cf. 墟 (xū, “market”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄨˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : poo pier; wharf; dock • port city • commercial or trading port • city; town 埠 • (bu) · 埠 • (bu) (hangeul 부, revised bu, McCune–Reischauer pu) Hán-Nôm : phụ 埠
堡 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *puːʔ) : phonetic 保 (OC *puːʔ) + semantic 土. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *puːʔ) : phonetic 保 (OC *puːʔ) + semantic 土. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *puːʔ) : phonetic 保 (OC *puːʔ) + semantic 土. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bou² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pó • Middle-Chinese : pawX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄨˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bou² ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pou³ small camp; small mud fortification • fort; fortress • Short for 漢堡／汉堡 (hànbǎo, “hamburger”). ‖ (often in placenames) town or village with walls ‖ Used in place names, as a variant of 鋪／铺／舖 (pù, “courier station”). 堡 • (bo) · 堡 • (bo) (hangeul 보, revised bo, McCune–Reischauer po) Hán-Nôm : bảo 堡
堰 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qrens, *qanʔ, *qans) : semantic 土 (“earth, ground”) + phonetic 匽 (OC *qanʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iàn • Middle-Chinese : 'jonX • Middle-Chinese : 'jonH • Middle-Chinese : 'jienH weir • dam • embankment; dike; bank ‖ 堰(せき) • (seki) ‖ 堰(い) • (i) ^(←ゐ (wi)?) dam • prevent • stop up ‖ weir, dam ‖ a dike or levee for containing water 堰 • (eon) · 堰 • (eon) (hangeul 언, revised eon, McCune–Reischauer ŏn) Hán-Nôm : yển 堰
堵 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjaːʔ, *taːʔ) : semantic 土 + phonetic 者 (OC *tjaːʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjaːʔ, *taːʔ) : semantic 土 + phonetic 者 (OC *tjaːʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tóo • Middle-Chinese : tuX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄜˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ze² • Middle-Chinese : tsyaeX (obsolete) a unit of measure of the length and height of a wall • (literary) wall • to block up; to stop up • (Teochew) to encounter • stifled; suffocated • (obsolete) An ancient unit of measure, denoting sixteen bells or chimes hanging on a bell pendant stand. • Classifier for walls. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier • a surname ‖ (～河) Zhe or Du River (river in Hubei Province, China) 堵 • (do) · 堵 • (do) (hangeul 도, revised do, McCune–Reischauer to) Hán-Nôm : đổ 堵
塌 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰaːb) : semantic 土 (“dirt”) + phonetic 𦐇 () Cantonese · Jyutping : taap³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄚ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thap • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lap to collapse; to fall down; to cave in • to sink; to droop • to calm down; to settle down • (dialectal) to slump; to sink (of morale, etc.) • (Hokkien) to fill up; to fill in; to stuff (a gap, blank, vacancy, etc.) • (Hokkien) to stack or press close together crisscrossed • (Taiwanese Hokkien) to lose money • (Hokkien) to become sunken; to hollow; to form a depression 塌 • (tap) · 塌 • (tap) (hangeul 탑, revised tap, McCune–Reischauer t'ap) grind • collapse; break • drop; hang down • first ploughing of the rice field Hán-Nôm : tháp • Hán-Nôm : thớp • Hán-Nôm : thóp • Hán-Nôm : thấp • Hán-Nôm : thạp • Hán-Nôm : thọp • Hán-Nôm : thợp 塌
塘 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'aːŋ) : semantic 土 (“dirt”) + phonetic 唐 (OC *ɡl'aːŋ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tn̂g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tônn • Middle-Chinese : dang pond (Classifier: 個／个; 眼 c) • dike; embankment • bathing pool • pit-shaped thing • (Hong Kong Cantonese, swimming) lap; length (distance equal to the length of a swimming pool) (Classifier: 個／个 c) • (Cantonese, Liuzhou Mandarin, Nanning Pinghua) unit of distance equivalent to 10 li 塘 • (dang) · 塘 • (dang) (hangeul 당, revised dang, McCune–Reischauer tang) Hán-Nôm : đường • Hán-Nôm : đàng road 塘
塚 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *toŋʔ) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 冢 (OC *toŋʔ) – an earthen mound, a tomb of earth. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cung² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thióng • Middle-Chinese : trjowngX tomb; burial mound ‖ 塚(つか) • (tsuka) mound, hillock, tumulus (implies a manmade origin) ‖ a mound or hillock, generally manmade • a grave, a tumulus or burial mound 塚 • (chong) · 塚 • (chong) (hangeul 총, revised chong, McCune–Reischauer ch'ong) cemetery • tomb, burial mound Hán-Nôm : trủng 塚
塾 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djɯwɢ) : phonetic 孰 (OC *djɯwɢ) + semantic 土 (“soil”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : suk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sio̍k • Middle-Chinese : dzyuwk old-style private school ‖ 塾(じゅく) • (juku) cram school ‖ a cram school 塾 (eumhun 글방 숙 (geulbang suk)) hanja form of 숙 (“private school”) Hán-Nôm : thục 塾
墅 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɦljaːʔ) : phonetic 野 (OC *laːʔ, *ɦljaʔ) + semantic 土. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɦljaːʔ) : phonetic 野 (OC *laːʔ, *ɦljaʔ) + semantic 土. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sú • Middle-Chinese : dzyoX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝˇ villa; country house • ^† village ‖ ^† Alternative form of 野 (“countryside”) 墅 • (seo) · 墅 • (seo) (hangeul 서, revised seo, McCune–Reischauer sŏ) Hán-Nôm : thự 墅
墜 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'uds) : phonetic 隊 (OC *l'uːds) + semantic 土. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuī • Middle-Chinese : drwijH to fall down; to drop; to sink; to go to ruin • to hang down; to weigh down; to fall due to a heavy weight • hanging object 墜 (eumhun 떨어질 추 (tteoreojil chu)) hanja form of 추 (“fall”) Hán-Nôm : trụy • Hán-Nôm : truỵ • Hán-Nôm : đụi 墜
墟 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰa) : semantic 土 (“dirt”) + phonetic 虛 (OC *kʰa, *qʰa). \ ;"ruin" \ ;"market" Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hir • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hu • Middle-Chinese : khjo ruin • (literary) village • fair; market ruins 墟 • (heo) · 墟 • (heo) (hangeul 허, revised heo, McCune–Reischauer hŏ) Hán-Nôm : hư • Hán-Nôm : khư 墟
墮 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰoːlʔ, *l'oːlʔ, *hlol) : phonetic 隋 (OC *l̥ʰoːlʔ, *l'oːlʔ, *ljol) + semantic 土. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : do⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : doe⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tō • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tōo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuī • Middle-Chinese : dwaX • Middle-Chinese : thwaX to fall; to sink • to degenerate • (Cantonese) droopy; saggy • Alternative form of 惰 (duò) 墮 (eumhun 떨어질 타 (tteoreojil ta)) hanja form of 타 (“to fall; to degenerate”) Hán-Nôm : đọa • Hán-Nôm : đoạ • Hán-Nôm : đụi • Hán-Nôm : dọa • Hán-Nôm : doạ • Hán-Nôm : dụa 墮
墾 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : han² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khún • Middle-Chinese : khonX to cultivate; to reclaim wasteland • to till; to plow to till, to plough • to cultivate; to reclaim wasteland 墾 • (gan) · 墾 • (gan) (hangeul 간, revised gan, McCune–Reischauer kan) Hán-Nôm : khẩn 墾
壓 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qreːb) : phonetic 厭 (OC *qemʔ, *qems, *qeb) + semantic 土 (“dust”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qreːb) : phonetic 厭 (OC *qemʔ, *qems, *qeb) + semantic 土 (“dust”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aat³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ap • Middle-Chinese : 'aep ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : a̍h to press; to push down • to keep under control; to control • to suppress; to bring pressure on; to intimidate • to approach; to draw near; to close in on • to surpass; to prevail over • to shelve; to lay aside • to risk; to stake • (physics) pressure • Used in 壓根兒／压根儿 (yàgēnr, “in the first place”). • (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to press and draw (a line) • (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to scrape or pare off horizontally ‖ (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to separate; to set apart • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to gather together; to collect pressure 壓 (eumhun 누를 압 (nureul ap)) hanja form of 압 (“pressure”) Hán-Nôm : áp • Hán-Nôm : ếm 壓
壞 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡruːls) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 褱 (OC *ɡruːl, *ɡruːl). \ Compare Tibetan འདྲུལ ('drul, “to become putrid/rotten”), Tibetan བྲུལ (brul, “crumbles”) (Hill, 2019). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄞˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huāi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huǎi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hāi • Middle-Chinese : kweajH • Middle-Chinese : hweajH ‖ bad • rotten; spoiled • to spoil; to ruin • to break; to stop working • (Classical) to collapse • (Classical) to demolish; to destroy • bad idea; dirty trick • extremely; very; highly ‖ (Cantonese) naughty; mischievous; rebellious; disobedient Kyūjitai form of 壊: break 壞 (eumhun 무너질 괴 (muneojil goe)) hanja form of 괴 (“to break; to collapse”) Hán-Nôm : hoại • Hán-Nôm : hoải • Hán-Nôm : hoai 壞
壯 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsraŋs) : phonetic 爿 (OC *braːn, *zaŋ) + semantic 士. ‖ First written as 獞 (composed of 犭 (quǎn), the “beast” radical, and 童 (tóng), “servant”). Following the foundation of the People’s Republic of China, it was written as 僮 (with 亻 (rén), the “person” radical). Due to the derogatory connotations of the previous characters, it was officially amended to 壯／壮 (zhuàng, “strong; robust”) in 1965. ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄤˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zong³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsàng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsòng • Middle-Chinese : tsrjangH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zong³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zong⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zong¹ strong; robust • to strengthen • (dialectal, chiefly Hakka or Wu, of a person or an animal) fat • (traditional Chinese medicine) one burn of moxa in moxibustion ‖ (～族) Zhuang, an ethnic group living primarily in Guangxi, China ‖ Alternative form of 莊／庄 (zhuāng, “serious; solemn”) • a surname Big, robust 壯 (eum 장 (jang)) Hán-Nôm : tráng • Hán-Nôm : trắng 壯
壹 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qlid) : semantic 壺 + phonetic 吉 (OC *klid). (Shuowen) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jat¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsi̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : it • Middle-Chinese : 'jit (Classical) faithful; committed • (financial) one, variant of 一 Kyūjitai form of 壱 (number one) 壹 (eumhun 한 일 (han il)) one Hán-Nôm : nhất • Hán-Nôm : nhứt one 壹
壽 These forms are seen in bronze inscriptions: \ # Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djuʔ, *djus) : semantic 耂 (“old”) + phonetic 𢏚 (OC *du). \ # Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djuʔ, *djus) : semantic 耂 (“old”) + phonetic 𠷎 () (𦓃). \ # Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djuʔ, *djus) : semantic 耂 (“old”) + phonetic 𠼡 (). \ The current traditional glyph is from the composition #3, with 又 (yòu) becoming 寸 (cùn) (耂 + 𠾉). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siū • Middle-Chinese : dzyuwX • Middle-Chinese : dzyuwH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : siū old age; long life • life; age • birthday • (euphemistic) funerary (especially prepared before one's death) • (Wu, Cantonese) foolish; stupid; cloddish • a surname ‖ (Hokkien, Teochew) Alternative form of 岫 (“nest, den or lair of animals”) longevity, long life • congratulations 壽 (eum 수 (su)) long life 壽
夭 Ideogram (指事) – a figure leaning forward, presumably running, hence energetic, young. \ Coblin (1986) (apud Schuessler , 2007) considers it cognate to Tibetan ཡོ་བ (yo ba, “oblique, aslant”), གཡོ་བ (g.yo ba, “tilt”), གཡོས (g.yos); if so, probably of Sino-Tibetan origin. However, the medials do not agree, as the expected Middle Chinese reflex should be in division IV, not III-B (Schuessler, 2007). Compare also Mizo eu (“to bend backwards”) (ibid.). \ Possibly related to 委 (OC *qrolʔ, “to bend”) (e.g. in Chuci https://ctext.org/chu-ci/yuan-you1?searchu=%E5%A7%94&searchmode=showall#result) (ibid.). ‖ Ideogram (指事) – a figure leaning forward, presumably running, hence energetic, young. \ Coblin (1986) (apud Schuessler , 2007) considers it cognate to Tibetan ཡོ་བ (yo ba, “oblique, aslant”), གཡོ་བ (g.yo ba, “tilt”), གཡོས (g.yos); if so, probably of Sino-Tibetan origin. However, the medials do not agree, as the expected Middle Chinese reflex should be in division IV, not III-B (Schuessler, 2007). Compare also Mizo eu (“to bend backwards”) (ibid.). \ Possibly related to 委 (OC *qrolʔ, “to bend”) (e.g. in Chuci https://ctext.org/chu-ci/yuan-you1?searchu=%E5%A7%94&searchmode=showall#result) (ibid.). ‖ Ideogram (指事) – a figure leaning forward, presumably running, hence energetic, young. \ Coblin (1986) (apud Schuessler , 2007) considers it cognate to Tibetan ཡོ་བ (yo ba, “oblique, aslant”), གཡོ་བ (g.yo ba, “tilt”), གཡོས (g.yos); if so, probably of Sino-Tibetan origin. However, the medials do not agree, as the expected Middle Chinese reflex should be in division IV, not III-B (Schuessler, 2007). Compare also Mizo eu (“to bend backwards”) (ibid.). \ Possibly related to 委 (OC *qrolʔ, “to bend”) (e.g. in Chuci https://ctext.org/chu-ci/yuan-you1?searchu=%E5%A7%94&searchmode=showall#result) (ibid.). ‖ Ideogram (指事) – a figure leaning forward, presumably running, hence energetic, young. \ Coblin (1986) (apud Schuessler , 2007) considers it cognate to Tibetan ཡོ་བ (yo ba, “oblique, aslant”), གཡོ་བ (g.yo ba, “tilt”), གཡོས (g.yos); if so, probably of Sino-Tibetan origin. However, the medials do not agree, as the expected Middle Chinese reflex should be in division IV, not III-B (Schuessler, 2007). Compare also Mizo eu (“to bend backwards”) (ibid.). \ Possibly related to 委 (OC *qrolʔ, “to bend”) (e.g. in Chuci https://ctext.org/chu-ci/yuan-you1?searchu=%E5%A7%94&searchmode=showall#result) (ibid.). ‖ Ideogram (指事) – a figure leaning forward, presumably running, hence energetic, young. \ Coblin (1986) (apud Schuessler , 2007) considers it cognate to Tibetan ཡོ་བ (yo ba, “oblique, aslant”), གཡོ་བ (g.yo ba, “tilt”), གཡོས (g.yos); if so, probably of Sino-Tibetan origin. However, the medials do not agree, as the expected Middle Chinese reflex should be in division IV, not III-B (Schuessler, 2007). Compare also Mizo eu (“to bend backwards”) (ibid.). \ Possibly related to 委 (OC *qrolʔ, “to bend”) (e.g. in Chuci https://ctext.org/chu-ci/yuan-you1?searchu=%E5%A7%94&searchmode=showall#result) (ibid.). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iáu • Middle-Chinese : 'jewX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iáu • Middle-Chinese : 'jew ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˇ • Middle-Chinese : 'awX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄛˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄞ to die young, to die prematurely • to be aggrieved • to devastate • disaster ‖ young, fresh-looking • tender, gentle • lush • Alternative form of 妖 (yāo) ‖ young animal or plant ‖ name of an ancient place ‖ Only used in 夭斜. young • disaster 夭 • (yo, o) · 夭 • (yo, o) (hangeul 요, 오, revised yo, o, McCune–Reischauer yo, o, Yale yo, o) Hán-Nôm : yểu • Hán-Nôm : eo • Hán-Nôm : ỉu • Hán-Nôm : yếu • Hán-Nôm : èo • Hán-Nôm : yêu 夭
夸 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰʷraː) : semantic 大 (“man”) + phonetic 于 (OC *ɢʷa) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰʷraː) : semantic 大 (“man”) + phonetic 于 (OC *ɢʷa) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰʷraː) : semantic 大 (“man”) + phonetic 于 (OC *ɢʷa) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰʷraː) : semantic 大 (“man”) + phonetic 于 (OC *ɢʷa) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwaa¹ • Middle-Chinese : khwae ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄚ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄚˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄚˇ extravagant; luxurious; handsome ‖ ^† beautiful ‖ ^† Alternative form of 跨 (kuà, “to cross over”) ‖ ^† Only used in 夸𡗸. boast 夸 (eum 과 (gwa)) Hán-Nôm : khoa 夸
套 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 大 (“large”) + 長 (“long”) – long. It is later borrowed for the “cover” sense and has now lost its original meaning. \ Cognate with 韜 (OC *l̥ʰuː); probably cognate with 㧺 and 錔 (OC *tʰuːb). ‖ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : tou³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄠˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄠˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thò ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄠˇ • Middle-Chinese : thawX ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : su to cover with; to encase; to put on (a sweater, etc.) • case; cover; sheath; wrapper; envelope (Classifier: 個／个 m c) • (colloquial) condom (Classifier: 個／个 m c) • to overlap; to interconnect • set; suit • knot • to harness • harness • trick; trap • (Hong Kong) Short for 套房 (“en suite bedroom”). • Classifier for a set of objects (books, furniture, rooms, etc). ⇒ all nouns using this classifier ‖ long ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 軀／躯 (su, “Classifier for sets of clothing”) 套 (eumhun 씌울 투 (ssuiul tu)) hanja form of 투 (“cover”) Hán-Nôm : sáo • Hán-Nôm : thạo 套
奚 Cognate with 何 (OC *ɡaːl, “what; where; why; how”). See there for more. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hê • Middle-Chinese : hej where? what? how? why? • servant • the Xi (Kumo Xi) people servant • what • why 奚 • (hae) · 奚 • (hae) (hangeul 해, revised hae, McCune–Reischauer hae) Hán-Nôm : hề 奚
奠 Oracle bone script: Pictogram (象形) – an alcohol vessel (酉) placed on a mat (一). \ In the bronze inscriptions, two strokes (八) were sometimes added above the alcohol vessel, representing overflowing alcohol; this is inherited in the small seal script as 酋. In some bronze inscriptions, two horizontal strokes were sometimes also added below the line representing a mat; the strokes sometimes were changed to something like 八. These two strokes then fused with the mat to give 丌 (a table with two legs) in the small seal script. 丌 later evolved into 大 by process of libian (隸變). ‖ Oracle bone script: Pictogram (象形) – an alcohol vessel (酉) placed on a mat (一). \ In the bronze inscriptions, two strokes (八) were sometimes added above the alcohol vessel, representing overflowing alcohol; this is inherited in the small seal script as 酋. In some bronze inscriptions, two horizontal strokes were sometimes also added below the line representing a mat; the strokes sometimes were changed to something like 八. These two strokes then fused with the mat to give 丌 (a table with two legs) in the small seal script. 丌 later evolved into 大 by process of libian (隸變). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : din⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiān • Middle-Chinese : denH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄥˋ • Middle-Chinese : tengH to set; to lay; to place down (typically in ceremonial contexts) • to make offerings to the dead; to libate • to establish ‖ Alternative form of 飣／饤 (dìng) • fake to make offerings • to establish 奠 (eumhun 정(定)할 전 (jeonghal jeon)) · 奠 (eumhun 제사(祭祀) 전 (jesa jeon)) ‖ 奠 (eumhun 멈출 정 (meomchul jeong)) ‖ Hán-Nôm : điện 奠
奢 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄜ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ce¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : se¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshia • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sia • Middle-Chinese : syae ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄚˊ extravagant; lavish; wasteful • excessive • (Wuhan Mandarin) to smile; to laugh ‖ a surname 奢 • (sa) · 奢 • (sa) (hangeul 사, revised sa, McCune–Reischauer sa) Hán-Nôm : xa chữ Hán form of xa (“extravagant, wasteful”). 奢
奶 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rneːlʔ) : semantic 女 + phonetic 乃 (OC *nɯːʔ). \ Unknown. \ Similar words in the area include Proto-Hmong-Mien *niaʔ²ᴰ (“mother”), Tibetan ཨ་ནེ (a ne), ནེ་ནེ (ne ne, “paternal aunt”), Khmer ញី (ñii, “female”). It may be comparable with Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-nja-n (“breast; milk; suck”), whence Nuosu ꑍ (nyip, “liquid milk”), ꀉꆂ (ax nie, “breast; milk”). \ It is unknown how the Min forms relate to forms in other dialects. See this article for a discussion of the Min Nan etymon. For similar nasalisations in Min, compare 耳 (ěr). \ Colloquial words in different Min dialects show considerable variation – most have an n- initial, but finals and tones differ greatly. Some propose that this is substrate influence, passed on from the maternal Baiyue lineages since the intermarriages between southward-migrating Han Chinese and native non-Han women. Other southern dialects also show remnants of this native word: Hakka [Meixian] nɛn⁵, Cantonese [Guangzhou] nin¹ (𢆡). Compare Thai นม (nom, “breast; breastmilk”), Zhuang noemz (“breast; breastmilk”). \ The long-recognised Sino-Tibetan etymon in Chinese is 乳 (OC *njoʔ); see there for more. ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : naai⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naai⁵⁻¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄞˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ni • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lin • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ling • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nee • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ne • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nái • Middle-Chinese : nejX • Middle-Chinese : nreaX ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : nái • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nai breast • milk; breast milk • to nurse • to breastfeed; to suckle • (in compounds) infant; infantile; milk (teeth, name, etc.) • (regional) mother • (regional) grandmother ‖ (Hokkien) to behave in a coy, childish or coquettish manner; to coax; to wheedle 奶 (eumhun 젖 내 (jeot nae)) Hán-Nôm : nãi • Hán-Nôm : nái 奶
奸 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːn) : semantic 女 + phonetic 干 (OC *kaːn). \ * Mandarin \ *:(Pinyin): jiān (jian¹) \ *:(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢ \ *:: \ * Cantonese (Jyutping): gaan¹ \ * Eastern Min (BUC): găng \ * Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kan \ * Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹ke; ¹ci \ * Mandarin \ ** (Standard Chinese)⁺ \ *** Hanyu Pinyin: jiān \ *** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢ \ *** Tongyong Pinyin: jian \ *** Wade–Giles: chien¹ \ *** Yale: jyān \ *** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jian \ *** Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ) \ *** Sinological IPA ⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/ \ * Cantonese \ ** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong) \ *** Jyutping: gaan¹ \ *** Yale: gāan \ *** Cantonese Pinyin: gaan¹ \ *** Guangdong Romanization: gan¹ \ *** Sinological IPA ⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: /kaːn⁵⁵/ \ * Eastern Min \ ** (Fuzhou) \ *** Bàng-uâ-cê: găng \ *** Sinological IPA ⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: /kaŋ⁵⁵/ \ * Southern Min \ ** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou) \ *** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kan \ *** Tâi-lô: kan \ *** Phofsit Daibuun: kafn \ *** IPA (Quanzhou): /kan³³/ \ *** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kan⁴⁴/ \ * Wu \ ** (Northern: Shanghai) \ *** Wugniu: ¹ke; ¹ci \ *** MiniDict: ke^平; ci^平 \ *** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹ke; ¹ji \ *** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ke⁵³/, /t͡ɕi⁵³/ \ Note: \ *1ke - vernacular; \ *1ji - literary. ‖ * Mandarin \ *:(Pinyin): gān (gan¹) \ *:(Zhuyin): ㄍㄢ \ * Cantonese (Jyutping): gon¹ \ * Mandarin \ ** (Standard Chinese)⁺ \ *** Hanyu Pinyin: gān \ *** Zhuyin: ㄍㄢ \ *** Tongyong Pinyin: gan \ *** Wade–Giles: kan¹ \ *** Yale: gān \ *** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gan \ *** Palladius: гань (ganʹ) \ *** Sinological IPA ⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: /kän⁵⁵/ \ * Cantonese \ ** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong) \ *** Jyutping: gon¹ \ *** Yale: gōn \ *** Cantonese Pinyin: gon¹ \ *** Guangdong Romanization: gon¹ \ *** Sinological IPA ⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: /kɔːn⁵⁵/ \ ---- \ * Middle Chinese: kan \ * Old Chinese \ *: (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤa[r]/ \ *: (Zhengzhang): /*kaːn/ ‖ ‖ (archaic) to offend; to mistreat; to encroach on; alternative form of 干 ‖ 奸(かん) • (kan) -na (adnominal 奸(かん)な (kan na), adverbial 奸(かん)に (kan ni)) ‖ 奸(かん) • (kan) ‖ wicked ‖ evil, wickedness • wicked person 奸 (eumhun 간사할 간 (gansahal gan)) · 奸 (eumhun 범할 간 (beomhal gan)) hanja form of 간 (“evil, wicked”) 奸
她 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thann • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tha • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tho she, her Hán-Nôm : tha 她
妊 Cognate with 任 (OC *njɯm, *njɯms, “to be burdened; to be loaded”). See there for more. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jam⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jam⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jīm • Middle-Chinese : nyimH pregnant pregnancy 妊 (eumhun 아이 밸 임 (ai bael im)) hanja form of 임 (“pregnancy”) Hán-Nôm : nhâm 妊
妒 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tqaːs) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 戶 (OC *ɡʷaːʔ). \ 《說文解字注》 considered it a corrupted form of 妬: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tqaːs) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 妬 (OC *taːɡs). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dou³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tòo • Middle-Chinese : tuH (of a woman) to be jealous of her husband or another woman • (by extension) to be jealous or envious of; to envy Alternative form of 妬 妒 (eumhun 샘낼 투 (saemnael tu)) Alternative form of 妬 (“hanja form of 투 (“to envy”)”) Hán-Nôm : đố • Hán-Nôm : đú 妒
妓 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kre, *ɡreʔ) : semantic 女 + phonetic 支 (OC *kje). \ Attested earliest in Shuowen Jiezi and Wèi-Jìn period's literature (possible pronunciations *kɨe or *gɨeX); a hypohetical OC form would be *kre (Schuessler, 2007). \ Apparently loaned from Vietic (ancient 越 (yuè) in southern China). Compare Proto-Vietic *-keːʔ (“woman, female”) (whence Vietnamese cái (“female”) & gái (“girl, female”)), elsewhere in Mon-Khmer, Proto-Waic *krih girl", Proto-North-Bahnaric *kdri: "female". Alternatively, Wang (1982) relates this to 技 (jì, “skill”), yet this may be folk etymology (ibid.). \ Schuessler also points to other foreign words which meant "woman, girl" yet referred to women of low social standing in ancient China; e.g. 嬖 (bì), 嬯 (tái) (ibid.). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kre, *ɡreʔ) : semantic 女 + phonetic 支 (OC *kje). \ Attested earliest in Shuowen Jiezi and Wèi-Jìn period's literature (possible pronunciations *kɨe or *gɨeX); a hypohetical OC form would be *kre (Schuessler, 2007). \ Apparently loaned from Vietic (ancient 越 (yuè) in southern China). Compare Proto-Vietic *-keːʔ (“woman, female”) (whence Vietnamese cái (“female”) & gái (“girl, female”)), elsewhere in Mon-Khmer, Proto-Waic *krih girl", Proto-North-Bahnaric *kdri: "female". Alternatively, Wang (1982) relates this to 技 (jì, “skill”), yet this may be folk etymology (ibid.). \ Schuessler also points to other foreign words which meant "woman, girl" yet referred to women of low social standing in ancient China; e.g. 嬖 (bì), 嬯 (tái) (ibid.). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ki • Middle-Chinese : gjeX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Middle-Chinese : kje (Classical, historical) female entertainer; female performer of song and dance • prostitute ‖ Used in 妓姕. ‖ 妓(ぎ) • (gi) geisha; prostitute ‖ female entertainer 妓 (eumhun 기생 기 (gisaeng gi)) hanja form of 기 (“prostitute”) canonical : 妓: Hán Việt readings: kĩ • canonical : kỹ 妓: Nôm readings: kĩ • canonical : kỹ • canonical : đĩ 妓
妮 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 尼 (OC *nil). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nei⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄦ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧˊㄦ ^† servant girl • (dialectal, endearing or derogatory) girl • a surname 妮 • (ni) · 妮 • (ni) (hangeul 니, revised ni, McCune–Reischauer ni) Hán-Nôm : ny • Hán-Nôm : ni 妮
妾 Uncertain. \ Possibly a pictogram (象形) of a woman with a headdress. Cognate to 女 with 辛 on top, though in the modern form the headdress has simplified to unrelated 立. \ Alternatively, may be an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 辛 (“torture device”) + 女 (“woman”) – female criminal. \ Cognate to 捷 (OC *zeb, “victory; booty”) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for more. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄝˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiap • Middle-Chinese : tshjep slave woman • concubine • (archaic, humble) I; me (used by women to show modesty) • a surname ‖ 妾(しょう) • (shō) ‖ 妾(しょう) • (shō) concubine • servant ‖ concubine ‖ (humble, feminine) I, me 妾 (eumhun 첩 첩 (cheop cheop)) hanja form of 첩 (“concubine”) Hán-Nôm : thiếp • Hán-Nôm : thê 妾
姆 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mɯʔ, *mɯs, *maːʔ) : semantic 女 (“female”) + phonetic 母 (OC *mɯʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mɯʔ, *mɯs, *maːʔ) : semantic 女 (“female”) + phonetic 母 (OC *mɯʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mɯʔ, *mɯs, *maːʔ) : semantic 女 (“female”) + phonetic 母 (OC *mɯʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mou⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bió • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bó • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ḿ • Middle-Chinese : muwH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㆬ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄨ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㆬˇ female tutor who teaches women "female virtues" (in imperial China) • woman who looks after small children ‖ Only used in 姆媽／姆妈 (m̄mā). ‖ Only used in 姆們／姆们 (m̌men). wet nurse 姆 • (mo) · 姆 • (mo) (hangeul 모, revised mo, McCune–Reischauer mo) child's governess • matron Hán-Nôm : mỗ • Hán-Nôm : mẫu 姆
姐 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsjaːʔ) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 且 (OC *sʰjaːʔ, *ʔsa). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ze² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ze²⁻¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ze²⁻⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˇㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiá • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsé • Middle-Chinese : tsjaeX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi⁶ elder sister • woman; lady; madame • (dialectal) mother ‖ (archaic) Alternative form of 㜘 (jù, “pampered; spoiled”) ‖ 姐(あね) • (ane) ‖ Alternative form of 姉 姐 • (jeo) · 姐 • (jeo) (hangeul 저) Hán-Nôm : thư • Hán-Nôm : tỉ • Hán-Nôm : tả 姐
姚 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iô • Middle-Chinese : yew handsome; elegant • Alternative form of 遙／遥 (yáo, “far; distant”) • a surname 姚 (eumhun 예쁜 요 (yeppeun yo)) Hán-Nôm : diêu 姚
姜 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *klaŋ) : phonetic 羊 (OC *laŋ) + semantic 女 (“female”) \ Commonly assumed to be related to 羌 (OC *kʰlaŋ) (Pulleyblank, 2000), though not necessarily (Schuessler, 2007); 羊 (OC *laŋ, “sheep”) in the graphs may be just phonetic or also semantic, signifying "names referring to nomads" (Schuessler, 2009). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : goeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kionn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiong • Middle-Chinese : kjang a surname • (mythology) name of a river, identified as a Qi stream near Mount Qi (Commentary on the Water Classic) 姜 • (gang) · 姜 • (gang) (hangeul 강, revised gang, McCune–Reischauer kang) a surname Hán-Nôm : Khương • Hán-Nôm : khương • Hán-Nôm : cưng • Hán-Nôm : gừng 姜
姥 Etymology 1: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ruːʔ, *maːʔ) : semantic 女 + phonetic 老 (OC *ruːʔ). \ Etymology 2: Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 女 + 老. \ See 老 (lǎo). ‖ See 母 (mǔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ló ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mou⁵ • Middle-Chinese : muX Same as 老 (lǎo). • maternal grandparent ‖ old woman • mother • a surname old woman 姥 (eum 모 (mo)) maternal grandmother • midwife Hán-Nôm : mỗ • Hán-Nôm : mụ (negative) old lady 姥
姦 Characters in the same phonetic series (姦) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : Triplication of 女 (“woman”). ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : gaan¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kan • Middle-Chinese : kaen ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : kàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kán evil; wicked; treacherous • evildoer; treacherous person • to stage an armed rebellion or to steal • traitor; betrayer • to commit adultery • extramarital affair; adultery • to rape ‖ (Hokkien, vulgar) to fuck • (Mainland China Hokkien, vulgar) to swear; to curse • (Taiwanese Hokkien, vulgar) an interjection used to express one's anger: fuck! • (Singapore Hokkien, slang, vulgar) to scold ‖ 姦(かん) • (kan) -na (adnominal 姦(かん)な (kan na), adverbial 姦(かん)に (kan ni)) ‖ 姦(かん) • (kan) wicked • mischief • seduce • rape • noisy ‖ wicked ‖ wickedness, wicked person 姦 (eumhun 간음할 간 (ganeumhal gan)) hanja form of 간 (“evil; wicked; treacherous”) • hanja form of 간 (“to rape; to fornicate”) Hán-Nôm : gian 姦
姨 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lil) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 夷 (OC *lil). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : î • Middle-Chinese : yij maternal aunt (mother's sister) • sister-in-law (wife's sister) • aunt (a term of address for a woman around one's mother's age or slightly younger) • (historical) father's concubine ‖ 姨(い) • (i) ‖ a wife's sister; more specifically, a wife's younger sister • a mother's sister, a maternal aunt • a mistress (extramarital female lover); more specifically, a father's mistress 姨 • (i) · 姨 • (i) (hangeul 이, revised i, McCune–Reischauer i) Hán-Nôm : di • Hán-Nôm : dì 姨
姪 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *diːɡ, *diɡ) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 至 (OC *tjiɡs). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b/m-ləj (“grandchild; nephew”) + *-t (“nominalizing final”). Cognate with Burmese မြေး (mre:, “grandchild”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ti̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsi̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsit • Middle-Chinese : drit • Middle-Chinese : det fraternal nephew or niece (originally only of a woman, but also of a man after the Jìn dynasty) • child of a (male) friend in the same generation • Used to call oneself before someone in one's father's generation. ‖ 姪(めい) • (mei) ^(←めひ (mefi)?) ‖ the daughter of one's sibling; a niece 姪 • (jil, jeol) · 姪 • (jil, jeol) (hangeul 질, 절, revised jil, jeol, McCune–Reischauer chil, chŏl) Hán-Nôm : đẹt 姪
娃 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qreː) : semantic 女 + phonetic 圭 (OC *kʷeː). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄚˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄚˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ua • Middle-Chinese : 'ea ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄚˊ beautiful • beautiful girl • girl; lady; female • child; kid; infant • child (son or daughter) • (regional) son • (regional) young animal • doll ‖ a surname ‖ 娃(あい) • (ai) beautiful (used only for names) ‖ beauty, beautiful girl (generally only used in names) 娃 • (wae) · 娃 • (wae) (hangeul 왜) baby • doll • pretty girl Hán-Nôm : oa 娃
娛 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngôo • Middle-Chinese : ngju • Middle-Chinese : nguH to amuse; to entertain • amusing; entertaining • amusement; enjoyment; pleasure • entertainment recreation 娛 • (o) · 娛 • (o) (hangeul 오, revised o, McCune–Reischauer o) Hán-Nôm : ngu 娛
娜 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *naːlʔ) : semantic 女 + phonetic 那 (OC *naːl, *naːlʔ, *naːls). ‖ Pronunciation from modern pronunciation of its phonetic part 那 (nà). Originally used to transcribe foreign female personal names, then also used in Chinese female personal names. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : no⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ná • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nǎ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ló • Middle-Chinese : naX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : no⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naa⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ló • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ná • Hokkien · Tai-lo : na • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nā beautiful; graceful ‖ Used in female personal names. graceful 娜 • (na) · 娜 • (na) (hangeul 나, revised na, McCune–Reischauer na) elegant • graceful • delicate Hán-Nôm : na • Hán-Nôm : nạ 娜
娟 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʷen) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 肙 (OC *qʷeːns). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gyun¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuan ^† beautiful; graceful 娟 (eumhun 예쁠 연 (yeppeul yeon)) hanja form of 연 (“beautiful”) Hán-Nôm : Quyên 娟
娠 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjɯns, *hljɯn) : semantic 女 (“female”) + phonetic 辰 (OC *djɯn) \ From 震 (OC *tjɯn, “to shake; to rouse”) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for more. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : san¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zan³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sin • Middle-Chinese : syin • Middle-Chinese : tsyinH to be pregnant with child 娠 (eumhun 아이 밸 신 (ai bael sin)) hanja form of 신 (“with child”) Hán-Nôm : thần 娠
娥 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːl) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 我 (OC *ŋaːlʔ) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngo⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngôo • Middle-Chinese : nga good; beautiful • beautiful woman • (Chinese mythology) Short for 娥皇 (Éhuáng, “Ehuang”). • (Chinese mythology) Short for 嫦娥 (Cháng'é, “Chang'e, the Chinese goddess of the moon”). • eyebrow • a surname 娥 • (a) · 娥 • (a) (hangeul 아, revised a, McCune–Reischauer a) Hán-Nôm : nga 娥
娶 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰloʔ, *sʰlos, *slo) : phonetic 取 (OC *sʰloːʔ, *sʰloʔ) + semantic 女. \ Exoactive of 取 (OC *sʰloːʔ, *sʰloʔ, “to take; to obtain; to collect; to fetch”) (Schuessler, 2007). Compare the etymology of 嫁. \ In Min Nan, the vernacular reading is instead from 𤆬 (chhōa, “to lead; to guide”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshū • Middle-Chinese : tshjuH (of a man) to marry; to take (a wife) 娶 (eum 취 (chwi)) Hán-Nôm : thú 娶
婉 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun² • Cantonese · Jyutping : wun² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uán • Middle-Chinese : 'jwonX (literary) gentle; tender; tactful • (literary) beautiful; graceful; elegant graceful 婉 (eum 완 (wan)) Hán-Nôm : uyển • Hán-Nôm : uốn 婉
婢 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *peʔ, *beʔ) : semantic 女 + phonetic 卑 (OC *pe). May also be considered a ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + semantic 卑 (“low, inferior”), especially in light of its etymology. \ Endoactive of 卑 (bēi, “low, inferior”) (i.e., what is low, what is inferior). Possible allofam of 嬖 (bì, “favorite person, favorite concubine”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pī • Middle-Chinese : bjieX female slave • (humble) Self-designation used by females in ancient China: your servant maidservant • female slave 婢 • (bi) · 婢 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi) Hán-Nôm : tì 婢
婪 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·ruːm) : phonetic 林 (OC *ɡ·rɯm) + semantic 女 (“woman”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laam⁴ • Middle-Chinese : lom to covet; to be avaricious; to be greedy covetous • ravenous 婪 • (ram) · 婪 • (ram) (hangeul 람, revised ram, McCune–Reischauer ram) Hán-Nôm : lam 婪
媚 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mrils) : semantic 女 + phonetic 眉 (OC *mril). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mī • Middle-Chinese : mijH charming; attractive • to flatter; to fawn on; to curry favor • (literary) to love flatter • humor • flirt 媚 (eum 미 (mi)) charming • attractive • flatter Hán-Nôm : mị 媚
媛 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uān • Middle-Chinese : hjwenH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wun⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun⁴ • Middle-Chinese : hjwon (literary) beauty; beautiful woman • (archaic) beautiful; fine ‖ Only used in 嬋媛／婵媛 (chányuán). ‖ 媛(えん) • (en) ^(←ゑん (wen)?) ‖ 媛(ひめ) • (hime) princess • a beauty; a beautiful woman ‖ a beauty; a beautiful woman ‖ Alternative form of 姫 媛 (eumhun 미녀 원 (minyeo won)) hanja form of 원 (“a beauty”) Hán-Nôm : viện a beauty; a beautiful woman 媛
媳 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *slɯɡ) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 息 (OC *slɯɡ). Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sit daughter-in-law 媳 (eum 식 (sik)) Hán-Nôm : tức 媳
嫂 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *suːwʔ) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 叟 (OC *suːʔ) \ * Mandarin \ *:(Pinyin): sǎo (sao³) \ *:(Zhuyin): ㄙㄠˇ \ * Cantonese (Jyutping): sou² \ * Hakka \ *: (Sixian, PFS): só \ *: (Meixian, Guangdong): sau³ \ * Eastern Min (BUC): sō̤ \ * Southern Min \ *: (Hokkien, POJ): só / só͘ \ *: (Teochew, Peng'im): so² / sao² \ * Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵sau \ * Mandarin \ ** (Standard Chinese)⁺ \ *** Hanyu Pinyin: sǎo \ *** Zhuyin: ㄙㄠˇ \ *** Tongyong Pinyin: sǎo \ *** Wade–Giles: sao³ \ *** Yale: sǎu \ *** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sao \ *** Palladius: сао (sao) \ *** Sinological IPA ⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: /sɑʊ̯²¹⁴/ \ * Cantonese \ ** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong) \ *** Jyutping: sou² \ *** Yale: sóu \ *** Cantonese Pinyin: sou² \ *** Guangdong Romanization: sou² \ *** Sinological IPA ⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: /sou̯³⁵/ \ * Hakka \ ** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong) \ *** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: só \ *** Hakka Romanization System: so` \ *** Hagfa Pinyim: so³ \ *** Sinological IPA: /so³¹/ \ ** (Meixian) \ *** Guangdong: sau³ \ *** Sinological IPA: /sau³¹/ \ * Eastern Min \ ** (Fuzhou) \ *** Bàng-uâ-cê: sō̤ \ *** Sinological IPA ⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: /so³³/ \ * Southern Min \ ** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese) \ *** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: só \ *** Tâi-lô: só \ *** Phofsit Daibuun: soir \ *** IPA (Kaohsiung): /sɤ⁴¹/ \ *** IPA (Quanzhou): /so⁵⁵⁴/ \ *** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /so⁵³/ \ ** (Hokkien: Quanzhou) \ *** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: só͘ \ *** Tâi-lô: sóo \ *** Phofsit Daibuun: sor \ *** IPA (Quanzhou): /sɔ⁵⁵⁴/ \ ** (Teochew) \ *** Peng'im: so² / sao² \ *** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: só / sáu \ *** Sinological IPA ⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: /so⁵²/, /sau⁵²/ \ Note: \ *so2 - vernacular; \ *sao2 - literary. \ * Wu \ ** (Northern: Shanghai) \ *** Wugniu: ⁵sau \ *** MiniDict: sau^去 \ *** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²sau \ *** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /sɔ³⁴/ \ ---- \ * Middle Chinese: sawX \ * Old Chinese \ *: (Zhengzhang): /*suːwʔ/ ‖ ‖ sister-in-law (older brother's wife) • friend's wife ‖ (Hong Kong Cantonese, university slang) Alternative form of soc elder brother's wife 嫂 (eumhun 형수 수 (hyeongsu su)) hanja form of 수 (“sister-in-law; elder brother's wife”) Hán-Nôm : tẩu • Hán-Nôm : dâu 嫂
嫡 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dik¹ • Middle-Chinese : traek • Middle-Chinese : tek primary wife; legal wife • primary wife; legal wife · of or by the legal wife • Short for 嫡子 (dízǐ, “son of one's legal wife”). • of lineal descent; closely related • orthodox; authentic legitimate wife 嫡 (eumhun 정실(正室) 적) hanja form of 적 (“legitimate wife”) Hán-Nôm : đích 嫡
嫩 Corrupted form of 㜛. \ Unclear. Possibly as variant of 耎 (OC) ~ 輭 (OC *nonʔ); alternatively, related to Burmese နုန့် (nun., “weak, exhausted from illness”), yet this meaning barely overlaps with "soft to touch" (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nyun⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lūn • Middle-Chinese : nwonH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nyun⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lūn tender; delicate • inexperienced; unskilled • (of food) tender; soft • (of colour) light • (Eastern Min) small ‖ Used in transcription. • (Protestantism) Nun (father of Joshua) young • weak 嫩 (eumhun 어릴 눈 (eoril nun)) soft, tender, delicate • young Hán-Nôm : non • Hán-Nôm : nộn • Hán-Nôm : nỏn • Hán-Nôm : nồn • Hán-Nôm : nõn • Hán-Nôm : nọn 嫩
孕 Pictogram (象形) – a pregnant woman with a fetus. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : īn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ūn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : īng • Middle-Chinese : yingH to be pregnant • foetus • to contain 孕 • (ing) · 孕 • (ing) (hangeul 잉, revised ing, McCune–Reischauer ing) Hán-Nôm : dựng • Hán-Nôm : dằng • Hán-Nôm : dửng • Hán-Nôm : rặng • Hán-Nôm : nững • Hán-Nôm : dững 孕
孩 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯː) : semantic 子 + phonetic 亥 (OC *ɡɯːʔ). \ Smith (2011) groups this word along with these items into a word family meaning “root, germ, generative core”: \ * 荄 (OC *kɯː, “grassroot”), and its derivative 根 (OC *kɯːn, “root”), \ * 核 (OC *ɡrɯːɡ, “germ, kernel”), \ * 骸 (OC *ɡrɯː, “(human) bones”), \ * 亥 (OC *ɡɯːʔ, “sprouting stage”), i.e. "the moon’s first appearance" > "twelfth earthly branch". \ He suggests a derivation from 荄 (OC *kɯː) by voicing, glossing 孩 as “to sprout”; the derivation is not explained any further. However, this sense does not seem to be attested. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haai⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hoi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hâi • Middle-Chinese : hoj child; youngster; baby • (literary) young and small; childish • (literary) to have tender affection for • (literary) to regard as a child • (obsolete) Alternative form of 咳 (hái, “(of baby) to giggle; to laugh”) • a surname 孩 • (hae) · 孩 • (hae) (hangeul 해, revised hae, McCune–Reischauer hae) Hán-Nôm : hài • Hán-Nôm : hời 孩
孰 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djɯwɢ) : phonetic 𦎫 () + semantic 丮. In modern script 𦎫 and 丮 have corrupted into 享 and 丸 respectively. \ From *du + *-k (“distributive suffix”); cognate with 誰 (OC *djul, “who”), 疇 (OC *du, “who”) (Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : suk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sio̍k • Middle-Chinese : dzyuwk Original form of 熟 (shú). • emphatic or interrogative pronoun · who; whoever; whomever • emphatic or interrogative pronoun · what; what else; whatever • emphatic or interrogative pronoun · which; which one (what among the explicitly or implicitly mentioned) which, how, who 孰 (eum 숙 (suk)) Hán-Nôm : thục 孰
孵 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰuw) : semantic 卵 (“egg”) + phonetic 孚 (OC *pʰuw). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pū • Middle-Chinese : phju to sit on eggs; to hatch; to incubate 孵 (eumhun 알 깔 부 (al kkal bu)) hanja form of 부 (“hatch”) Hán-Nôm : lộn • Hán-Nôm : phu 孵
學 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : abbreviated 敎 (“to teach”) + 𦥑 (“mingling hands; hands-on learning”) + 宀 (“house; roofed building”) – a child learns in a roofed place. See 敎／教 for more. \ In the modern form, 宀 has corrupted to 冖 (“cover”), and the hands 𦥑 around the 爻 have become connected with the roof 冖 on top of the child 子. Ancient forms include 斆 and 斅, which preserve more of 敎. Shuowen regards 𦥑 as the phonetic component in the character, which may be true according to some Old Chinese reconstructions such as that of Pan Wuyun's, though probably not others. \ The earliest oracle bone script forms may be a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡruːɡ) : semantic 爻 + phonetic 六 (OC *ruɡ). \ May be an endopassive derivation of 覺 (OC *kruːɡs, *kruːɡ, “to awake, get insight”). Ultimately from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kruk (“to rouse; to awaken; to disturb”). ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄝˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : o̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ha̍k • Middle-Chinese : haewk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄚˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄝˊ to comprehend; to realise; to understand • (transitive) to learn; to study • to imitate; to copy; to mimic • school • learning; knowledge • theory; doctrine • subject; branch of learning; science; -ology • (Cantonese) like; as ‖ (obsolete) Alternative form of 斆／敩 (xiào, “to teach; to instruct; to train”) ‖ Used in 學鳩／学鸠. Kyūjitai form of 学 • learning, knowledge, school 學 (eumhun 배울 학 (bae'ul hak)) hanja form of 학 (“to learn, to study; to be taught”) [affix] • hanja form of 학 (“-logy, -ics, -graphy, study of...”) [suffix] canonical : 學: Hán Việt readings: học 學: Nôm readings: học • canonical : hục chữ Hán form of học (“to learn, to study”). • chữ Hán form of học (“(suffix) subject; branch of learning; -ology”). 學
孽 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄝˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gia̍t • Middle-Chinese : ngjet son of a concubine • ghost; monster • disaster; calamity • evil; sin • treacherous; evil • (Hokkien) naughty; mischievous 孽 (eumhun 서자(庶子) 얼) Alternative form of 孼 (“hanja form of 얼 (“son of a concubine”)”) canonical : 孽: Hán Việt readings: nghiệt 孽: Nôm readings: nghiệt • canonical : nghét • canonical : nghẹt • canonical : nghịt chữ Hán form of nghiệt (“harsh, cruel, stern, ruthless”). 孽
它 Characters in the same phonetic series (它) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Pictogram (象形) : a snake. This is now written as the derivative 蛇 (OC *l̥ʰaːl, *ɦljaːl, *lal). \ The character was later borrowed for the then-homophonous third-person pronoun (“he/she/it”). Today 他 (tā) is used for male or gender-unspecified “he” and 她 (tā) for “she”. ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (它) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Pictogram (象形) : a snake. This is now written as the derivative 蛇 (OC *l̥ʰaːl, *ɦljaːl, *lal). \ The character was later borrowed for the then-homophonous third-person pronoun (“he/she/it”). Today 他 (tā) is used for male or gender-unspecified “he” and 她 (tā) for “she”. ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (它) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Pictogram (象形) : a snake. This is now written as the derivative 蛇 (OC *l̥ʰaːl, *ɦljaːl, *lal). \ The character was later borrowed for the then-homophonous third-person pronoun (“he/she/it”). Today 他 (tā) is used for male or gender-unspecified “he” and 她 (tā) for “she”. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thann • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tha • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tho • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tô • Middle-Chinese : tha ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄛ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˊ third-person singular pronoun for inanimate objects; it • (chiefly simplified Chinese) third-person singular pronoun for animals; it • (obsolete) general third-person singular pronoun; he; she; they (singular); it • A dummy pronoun. • crooked; evil • a surname ‖ Used in 它它藉藉／它它借借. • Alternative form of 駝／驼 (tuó) ‖ Only used in 它它. Hán-Nôm : dà • Hán-Nôm : đà • Hán-Nôm : tha 它
宋 Characters in the same phonetic series (宋) (Zhengzhang, 2003) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄥˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sòng • Middle-Chinese : sowngH (～朝) Song dynasty of China (960–1279), reigning from the end of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms to the beginning of the Yuan • Song or Liu Song (420–479), the first of the four Southern dynasties during the Northern and Southern dynasties period • a surname, listed 118th in the Baijiaxing • (～國) Song, a state during the Zhou dynasty of ancient China • A Chinese constellation, considered a part of the Left Wall of the Heavenly Market Enclosure ‖ 宋(そう) • (Sō) Song (Chinese dynasty) ‖ Song (former Chinese dynasty): · name of the state during the Zhou dynasty • Song (former Chinese dynasty): · the 劉宋 (Ryūsō), around 420-479 • Song (former Chinese dynasty): · the 北宋 (Hokusō, “Northern Song”) and 南宋 (Nansō, “Southern Song”) dynasties, spanning around 960-1279 • a surname 宋 (eum 송 (song)) referring to the Song Dynasty (宋朝) • A surname Hán-Nôm : tống 宋
宏 ‖ Compare Mandarin 嗡 (wēng). Cantonese · Jyutping : wang⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hông • Middle-Chinese : hweang ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : wang¹ (originally referring to houses) wide; spacious; great; vast • extensive • loud and clear; resounding • (alt. form 弘) to enlarge; to expand • (computing) macro (comparatively human-friendly abbreviation of complex input to a computer program) • a surname ‖ buzzing sound • buzzing; humming; making a humming sound ‖ 宏(ひろし) • (Hiroshi) ‖ a male given name large; great Hán-Nôm : hoãng • Hán-Nôm : hoành • Hán-Nôm : giang 宏
宦 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 宀 (“house”) + 臣 (“servant”) – slave; servant. \ Compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)(j)wal (“slave; servant”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan ཁོལ་པོ (khol po, “servant”), Burmese ကျွန် (kywan, “slave”), Proto-Loloish *C-kywan¹ (“slave”), 倌 (OC *koːn, *kroːns). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huān • Middle-Chinese : hwaenH to hold public office • government official • eunuch • a surname 宦 (eumhun 벼슬 환 (byeoseul hwan)) hanja form of 환 (“eunuch”) Hán-Nôm : hoạn 宦
寇 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) - a person who holds a stick (卜) with his hand (又), about to beat the head (元) of another person, under the other persons own roof (宀). In Oracle bone script, two hands are holding the stick. In modern form, 卜 and 又 have merged into one character (攴), and is partially surrounded by 元. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-kəw ~ hu (“to steal”). Compare Tibetan རྐུ (rku, “to steal”) and Burmese ခိုး (hkui:, “to steal”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khòo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiò • Middle-Chinese : khuwH bandit; thief; invader • foe; enemy • to rob; to plunder • to invade • a surname foe, enemy, rival • resentment, enmity, grudge • harm, injury 寇 (eumhun 도둑 구 (doduk gu)) hanja form of 구 (“bandit; thief; invader”) canonical : 寇: Hán Việt readings: khấu 寇: Nôm readings: kháu • canonical : khấu 寇
寓 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gī • Middle-Chinese : ngjuH (literary, or in compounds) to dwell; to reside; to house • (literary, or in compounds) residence; dwelling • (literary, or in compounds) to impute; to attribute; to ascribe in intended meaning; to imply • a surname: Yu temporary abode • imply • suggest 寓 (eum 우 (u)) Hán-Nôm : ngụ 寓
寞 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mok⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bo̍k • Middle-Chinese : mak lonely; desolate 寞 (eumhun 쓸쓸할 막 (sseulsseulhal mak)) hanja form of 막 (“lonely; desolate”) Hán-Nôm : mịch 寞
寢 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰimʔ) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 宀 (“roof”) + semantic 爿 (“bed”) + phonetic 𠬶 (“broom and hand”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-(d)z(i/u)m (“sleep”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan གཟིམ (gzim, “to sleep; to fall asleep”). ‖ Compare 這馬／这马 (chit-má, chím-má, chím-á). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cam² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshím • Middle-Chinese : tshimX ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshím to sleep; to lie down • bedroom • (literary) to stop; to halt • (historical) imperial tomb; ancestral chamber ‖ (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to approach; to draw near; to imminently occur • (Xiamen, Quanzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) just; just now; a moment ago 寢 • (chim) · 寢 • (chim) (hangeul 침, revised chim, McCune–Reischauer ch'im) Hán-Nôm : tẩm 寢
寥 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : liu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâu • Middle-Chinese : lew • Middle-Chinese : lek empty; silent; deserted • few; scarce • lonesome; in solitude • vast; broad; expansive • profound and lasting • Alternative form of 憀 (liáo, “to rely; to depend on”) lonely 寥 • (ryo) · 寥 • (ryo) (hangeul 료, revised ryo, McCune–Reischauer ryo) Hán-Nôm : liêu 寥
實 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 宀 (“roof”) + 周 (“carved jade”) + 貝 (“shellfish; cowrie”). \ The two lower components of 周 and 貝 had combined to form 貫 (OC *koːn, *koːns, “string of cowries”), hence the incorrect analysis in Shuowen Jiezi of this character as 宀 + 貫. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsa̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si̍t • Middle-Chinese : zyit full; fulfilled; substantial; rich • (Classical) to fill; to load; to stuff • real; true • truth; fact; substance; reality • honest • solid • fruit (literal or figurative) • (Classical, arithmetic) dividend • (Cantonese) surely; undoubtedly; definitely • (Classical) in fact; truly; verily; actually • (Cantonese) tight • (Hokkien) packed; fully filled; stuffed • (Hokkien) clogged; blocked (due to being stuffed, packed, etc.) • (Hokkien) suffocated • (Classical) this ‖ 實(みのる) • (Minoru) reality • truth ‖ a male given name 實 (eumhun 열매 실 (yeolmae sil)) hanja form of 실 (“reality; truth”) • hanja form of 실 (“(literal) fruit”) 實
寨 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zraːds, *slɯːɡ) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : phonetic 𡨄 (, “to block; to block up; to jam; to plug”) + semantic 木 (“wood”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsāi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsēe • Middle-Chinese : dzraejH • Middle-Chinese : sok stockade; stronghold; fort • stockaded village • barracks • bandit den • a surname: Zhai ‖ fort ‖ fort • wooden fence Hán-Nôm : trại 寨
寫 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sjaːʔ) : semantic 宀 + phonetic 舄 (OC *sʰjaːɡ, *sʰaɡ, *sjaːɡ, *sjaːɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sjaːʔ) : semantic 宀 + phonetic 舄 (OC *sʰjaːɡ, *sʰaɡ, *sjaːɡ, *sjaːɡ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siá • Middle-Chinese : sjaeX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˋ to place; to displace; to relocate • to carry; to relay • to express; to pour out (one's heart, troubles, etc.); to exhaust • to write (with a pen, brush, etc.); to write down • to copy; to transcribe • to follow; to describe; to depict • to compose (a text or work); to write; to draft; to create • to write; to fill in by writing • to draw; to sketch; to portrait • to sign; to formalise • to read; to say (to consist of certain text; to indicate in written form) • to reflect; to resemble; to echo • to rent ‖ Alternative form of 卸 (xiè, “to unload; to disassemble”) • Used in 寫意／写意 (xièyì, “comfortable; easy”). • Alternative form of 瀉／泻 (xiè, “to pour out; to leak”) photograph, copy, replicate, reproduce, transcribe • be photographed • describe 寫 (eumhun 베낄 사 (bekkil sa)) hanja form of 사 (“copy”) Hán-Nôm : tả • Hán-Nôm : giã 寫
寬 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰoːn) : semantic 宀 (“house”) + phonetic 萈 (OC *ɡoːn, “goat”)—a spacious house. \ See also 家. Cantonese · Jyutping : fun¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuann • Middle-Chinese : khwan wide; broad • width • generous; magnanimous; lenient • to relax; to relieve • comfortably off; well-off • to take off • (Southern Min) slow tolerant; lenient; generous 寬 (eumhun 너그러울 관 (neogeureoul gwan)) hanja form of 관 (“broad, wide, spacious”) Hán-Nôm : khoan • Hán-Nôm : khoăn 寬
寮 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːw) : semantic 宀 + phonetic 尞 (). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : liu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâu • Middle-Chinese : lew (literary or dialectal) small house; shack; hut • (Shehua) house (building for living) • (Shehua) home • small window • Original form of 僚 (liáo, “government officials”). • a surname • (chiefly Taiwan, Singapore) Short for 寮國 (“Laos”). ‖ 寮(りょう) • (ryō) ^(←れう (reu)?) dormitory • hostel • villa • tea pavilion ‖ dormitory, student accommodation, barracks 寮 • (ryo) · 寮 • (ryo) (hangeul 료, revised ryo, McCune–Reischauer ryo) Hán-Nôm : lều • Hán-Nôm : liêu 寮
寶 Oracle bone script: Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 宀 (“house”) + 𤣩 (“jade”) + 貝 (“cowry”) – treasures in a house. \ The phonetic component 缶 (OC *puʔ) was added to the character in bronze inscriptions. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pəw (“price”); cognate with Burmese အဖိုး (a.hpui:, “price”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT). Peiros and Starostin (1996) also compares it to Tibetan སྤུས (spus, “goods”). Sagart (1999) relates it to 富 (OC *pɯɡs, “rich”). Schuessler (2007) proposes that it could be the same word as 保 (OC *puːʔ, “to take care of; to consider something precious”). Cantonese · Jyutping : bou² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄠˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄠˇㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pó • Hokkien · Tai-lo : póo • Middle-Chinese : pawX treasure; riches; valuables; precious thing • to treasure; to cherish • to collect (treasures) • treasured; cherished • precious; valuable • (historical) jade token • term of respect, for things related to the emperor, to Buddhism, to Taoism, or to other people • (term of endearment) darling; baby; dear • (gambling) a kind of gambling device • a surname: Bao • (Sichuanese) foolish; silly; stupid precious objects • worldly goods • valuable possessions 寶 (eumhun 보배 보 (bobae bo)) hanja form of 보 (“treasure; riches; valuables; precious thing”) Hán-Nôm : bảo • Hán-Nôm : báu • Hán-Nôm : bửu 寶
將 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 爿 (“bed; small table”) + semantic ⺼ (“meat”) + semantic 寸 (“hand”) – to offer meat as tribute by putting it on the table. \ The ⺼ component is on its side, hence resembles 夕 with an added dot; compare 祭, 然. \ Shuowen erroneously considers the phonetic component of 將 to be 醬 (OC *ʔsaŋs, “sauce”) (abbreviated). \ A conflation of two roots: “to take; to hold” and “will; be going to; near”. \ ; “to take; to hold” (Pronunciations 1, 2 and 3) \ ; “will; be going to; near” (Pronunciation 1) \ ; anteposed object introductory particle ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 爿 (“bed; small table”) + semantic ⺼ (“meat”) + semantic 寸 (“hand”) – to offer meat as tribute by putting it on the table. \ The ⺼ component is on its side, hence resembles 夕 with an added dot; compare 祭, 然. \ Shuowen erroneously considers the phonetic component of 將 to be 醬 (OC *ʔsaŋs, “sauce”) (abbreviated). \ A conflation of two roots: “to take; to hold” and “will; be going to; near”. \ ; “to take; to hold” (Pronunciations 1, 2 and 3) \ ; “will; be going to; near” (Pronunciation 1) \ ; anteposed object introductory particle ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 爿 (“bed; small table”) + semantic ⺼ (“meat”) + semantic 寸 (“hand”) – to offer meat as tribute by putting it on the table. \ The ⺼ component is on its side, hence resembles 夕 with an added dot; compare 祭, 然. \ Shuowen erroneously considers the phonetic component of 將 to be 醬 (OC *ʔsaŋs, “sauce”) (abbreviated). \ A conflation of two roots: “to take; to hold” and “will; be going to; near”. \ ; “to take; to hold” (Pronunciations 1, 2 and 3) \ ; “will; be going to; near” (Pronunciation 1) \ ; anteposed object introductory particle Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄤ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiang • Middle-Chinese : tsjang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄤˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiàng • Middle-Chinese : tsjangH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng¹ will; going to • soon; in the near future • nearly; almost • nearly; almost · 78th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "on the verge" (𝍓) • just; just now • certainly; surely • to take; to hold; to fetch • by; by means of; with • also; half ... half ...; or • if; in the case that ... • Particle introducing the object of the verb, used in the same fashion as 把 but more formal. • to support; to assist • to advance; to go • to take orders; to follow • to see off; to send off • to take along; to bring • to use; to utilise • to handle; to deal with • to eat; to have • to lead; to guide • to submit to; to be obedient to • to provide for • to recuperate; to maintain; to take care of one's health • to express; to convey • (dialectal) to incite someone to action • (dialectal, of animals) to bear (an offspring); to give birth • (chess) to check • (obsolete or dialectal) Particle placed after the verb and before a resultative phrase (進來, 起來, 進去 etc.). • (Hong Kong) Short for 將軍澳／将军澳 (Jiāngjūn'ào, “Tseung Kwan O”). ‖ to command; to lead • (military) general • high-ranking military officer • (xiangqi) general; king (on the black side) • (figurative) dab hand (at something); capable person ‖ to ask; to request; to invite • Used in 將將／将将. ‖ 將(まさる) • (Masaru) Kyūjitai form of 将 ‖ a male given name 將 (eumhun 장수(將帥) 장 (jangsu jang)) ‖ 將 (eumhun 장차(將次) 장 (jangcha jang)) hanja form of 장 (“general; commander”) [noun] ‖ hanja form of 장 (“take, hold; from now on, in the future”) [affix] canonical : 將: Hán Việt readings: tướng • canonical : tương 將: Nôm readings: tướng • canonical : tương ‖ romanization : tướng • romanization : tương ‖ romanization : tương ‖ Chữ Hán form of tướng (“(military) general; commander”). • Chữ Hán form of tướng (“(xiangqi) a piece labeled with the character 將 in black”). ‖ Chữ Hán form of tương (“soon; in the near future”). 將
專 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjon) : phonetic 叀 (, “spindle”) + semantic 又 (“hand”) – a hand turning a spindle or spinning wheel. Originally also written 叀. \ The 又 was later replaced by related 寸. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuan • Middle-Chinese : tsywen to monopolize; to take sole possession • specific; special; exclusive • expert; focused; concentrated • exclusively; specially • (Teochew) deliberately; on purpose • (obsolete) spindle; spinning wheel • a surname: Zhuan 專 • (jeon) · 專 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen) canonical : 專: Hán Việt readings: chuyên 專: Nôm readings: choen • canonical : choèn • canonical : chuyến chữ Hán form of chuyên (“specific; expertise”). 專
對 In the oracle bone and bronze scripts, it was an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 丵 (“tool for digging”) + 土 (“earth”) + 又 (“hand”). The original meaning of the character is unclear, but it may be “to develop (land)”. It was later borrowed for “to reply”. Compare 封, 邦. \ In the seal script, 又 has become the related 寸. Shuowen has two seal script forms for this character: 𡭊 (main form) and 對 (alternative form). The main form, which has a 口 (“mouth”), was probably created to specialize the character to signify “to reply”, but this form was not inherited in later scripts. Shuowen interprets the latter form (shown above) as a form that Emperor Wen of Han created by replacing 口 with 士 (“soldier; warrior”) because many of the replies were untruthful (just lip service), but it is more likely that 士 is a corruption of 土. \ Exoactive of 答 (OC *tkuːb, “to reply; to answer”) (Schuessler, 2007). Cantonese · Jyutping : deoi³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : deoi³⁻² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄟˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uì • Middle-Chinese : twojH correct; true; right • to treat; to deal with; to take on • (introducing the recipient of the action) towards; to • to; with regard to; concerning • according to; for • opposite; opposing • to face • paired; contrasting • to suit; to fit • to match; to cause two things to match • to respond; to answer • to check by comparing; to verify by comparing • to adjust; to set • to mix; to add • to divide in half • couplet • Classifier for pairs of objects: pair • pair • (Southern Min, Taiwanese Hakka) from • a surname correct, right • facing, opposed 對 (eumhun 대할 대 (daehal dae)) hanja form of 대 (“to answer; to reply”) [affix] • hanja form of 대 (“to face; to confront”) [verbal root; prefix; affix] • hanja form of 대 (“to be about; to concern”) [verbal root; prefix; affix] • hanja form of 대 (“pair; contrasting pair”) [noun; affix] • hanja form of 대 (“versus”) [noun] • hanja form of 대 (“opponent; counterpart; opposite; contrasting”) [affix] Hán-Nôm : đỗi • Hán-Nôm : dối • Hán-Nôm : đôi • Hán-Nôm : đối • Hán-Nôm : nhói • Hán-Nôm : tối • Hán-Nôm : tụi 對
尬 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kreːds) : semantic 尢 + phonetic 介 (OC *kreːds). ‖ Borrowed from Hokkien 較／较. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄚˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kài • Middle-Chinese : keajH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄚˋ Used in 尷尬／尴尬 (gāngà). • (neologism, Mainland China, Taiwan, slang) Short for 尷尬／尴尬 (gāngà). ‖ (neologism) to compete Hán-Nôm : giới 尬
尸 Pictogram (象形) - A man with his legs bending, and a side to the front. The picture is variously interpreted as either sitting or lying. \ When used as a radical, 尸 is usually derived from a variation of 人 or 亻, as in 尾. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕ • Cantonese · Jyutping : si¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si • Middle-Chinese : syij (historical) a living person who represents the dead person during a rite • dead body ‖ corpse; cadaver ‖ 尸 (eum 시 (si)) Hán-Nôm : thi 尸
屁 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰis) : semantic 尸 (“body”) + phonetic 比 (OC *piʔ, *pis, *bi, *bis, *biɡ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pja-n/t/s (“fart; shit”). Cognate with Tibetan ཕྱེན (phyen), འཕྱེན ('phyen, “flatulence”), Jingpho hpyet (“to fart”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phuì • Middle-Chinese : phjijH (colloquial) flatulence; fart (Classifier: 篤／笃 c) • (colloquial) buttocks; backside • (colloquial) to fart; to pass gas • (vulgar) rubbish; worthless; useless; insignificant; trivial • (vulgar, chiefly in the negative) a damn thing; (no)thing; damn all; jack shit; bugger all • (vulgar, negates the meaning of the sentence) like hell/like fuck; my ass; your ass; damn all/bugger all/fuck all ‖ 屁(へ) • (he) flatulence, fart ‖ (mildly vulgar) flatulence, fart 屁 • (bi) · 屁 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi) Hán-Nôm : thí 屁
屎 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hliʔ, *hri) : phonetic 尸 (OC *hli, “body”) + semantic 米 (“rice”). The 米 component was originally three (, representing 小, as seen in ), four (, representing 少) or five dots (as seen in ) forming a ideogrammic representation of faeces in the oracle bone script, with four dots being the most common variant, thus representing a man defecating with faeces coming out of the backside. The Shang dynasty variants saw the 尸 ("body") component interchangeable with 人 ("human"); later, by the Western Zhou dynasty, 尸 variants with four dots became the dominant and sole-surviving form, however examples from this time period also exist where the 尸 component is mistaken for 尾 ("tail"), as seen in . During the Warring States period, the 少 component became corrupted into 米. \ Shuowen Jiezi does not feature the 屎 character, however it does contain 𦳊 and 𡕝. 𦳊 is listed in Shuowen as deriving from 艸 ("grass") and 胃 ("stomach"), while 𡲴 is listed as the ancient form of 徙 (“migration”), however in reality this is not the case; 𡲴 is an erroneous form of the 屎 variant containing 尾, where the tail portion of the 尾 component is mistakenly written as 火. During the Zhou dynasty, 屎 was often used as a phonetic borrowing for 徙 (OC *selʔ); moreover, during the Warring States period, the Chu script character for 徙 consisted of 屎 with an additional 辵 (modern radical form 辶) added to represent the meaning of walking. \ Following transition to the clerical script, a variety of alternative forms emerged: \ *The 米 component was replaced with phonetic component 矢 (OC *hliʔ) thus creating the variant form 𡱁; \ *Some variants added another 米 radical to create 𥻐 and 𥺶; \ *Existing variants containing the 尾 component became 𡲔 and 𡱵; \ *The body portion of 𡲴 also became further corrupted into 夂 (zhǐ), creating 𡕝; \ *The tail portion of 尾-based variants became corrupted into 巛, creating 𡲑; \ *The 尸 component corrupted into 广, creating 𢈍; \ *Even the variant form 𢈍 became corrupted, where the 广 was simplified into 宀, creating 宩. \ All of these variant forms failed to gain widespread usage, and eventually faded into obscurity while 屎 remained the dominant character variant. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kləj (“excrement”). ‖ This is a 破讀／破读 (pòdú, “isolated instance of unusual pronunciation”) found in 詩經. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sái • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sú • Middle-Chinese : syijX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hei¹ • Middle-Chinese : xjij excrement; poop (Classifier: 坨 m; 篤／笃 c; 坺 c; 箍 mn) • secretion from the body; tear, earwax, snot, etc. • residue; waste; debris • (vulgar) worthless; useless; despicable • (vulgar) useless thing • (Cantonese) bad; poor; of inferior quality ‖ Only used in 殿屎 (“to groan”). ‖ 屎(くそ) • (kuso) ‖ 屎(くそ) • (kuso) ‖ 屎(くそ) • (kuso-) ‖ 屎(くそ) • (-kuso) ‖ 屎(ばば) • (baba) excrement, feces, poop ‖ (colloquial) feces, excrement ‖ (swear word) shit ‖ A derogatory prefix. ‖ A derogatory emphasizing suffix. ‖ (children's word): poopoo, poop, dookie • (children's word): something unclean 屎 (eumhun 똥 시 (ttong si)) · 屎 (eumhun 끙끙거릴 히 (kkeungkkeunggeoril hi)) hanja form of 시 (“feces, excrement”) Hán-Nôm : thỉ • Hán-Nôm : xái 屎
屏 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *peŋ, *peŋʔ, *beːŋ) : semantic 尸 + phonetic 并 (OC *peŋ, *peŋs) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *peŋ, *peŋʔ, *beːŋ) : semantic 尸 + phonetic 并 (OC *peŋ, *peŋs) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *peŋ, *peŋʔ, *beːŋ) : semantic 尸 + phonetic 并 (OC *peŋ, *peŋs) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *peŋ, *peŋʔ, *beːŋ) : semantic 尸 + phonetic 并 (OC *peŋ, *peŋs) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ping⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pîn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : píng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pīng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pín • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pīn • Middle-Chinese : beng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bing² • Cantonese · Jyutping : beng³ • Middle-Chinese : pjiengX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄥˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄥ • Middle-Chinese : pjieng a screen wall across the gate of a house for privacy • wall • folding screen, shield • wall scroll • to protect • to shelter • (computing) screen ‖ to remove • to dismiss • to hide • to suppress • to banish ‖ toilet ‖ Only used in 屏營／屏营 (bīngyíng). 屏 (eumhun 병풍 병 (byeongpung byeong)) Hán-Nôm : bình 屏
屑 Originally written 㞕. \ Wang (1982) compares it to 細 (OC *snɯːls, “fine”), 碎 (OC *suːds, “shattered; fragmented”). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : seh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : seeh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sap • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sa̍p • Middle-Chinese : set ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : sut bits; scraps; crumbs; fragments • (literary, or in compounds) trifling; trivial • (chiefly in the negative) to be worth doing ‖ (Hakka, Southern Min) bits; scraps; crumbs; fragments ‖ 屑(くず) or 屑(クズ) • (kuzu) ^(←くづ (kudu)?) rubbish, waste ‖ scrap, waste, bit • human trash, or a scumbag 屑 • (seol) · 屑 • (seol) (hangeul 설, revised seol, McCune–Reischauer sŏl, Yale sel) Hán-Nôm : tiết 屑
屠 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *daː, *da) : semantic 尸 (“body”) + phonetic 者 (OC *tjaːʔ). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tóo • Middle-Chinese : du ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi⁴ • Middle-Chinese : drjo to slaughter livestock; to butcher livestock • to massacre; to slaughter • butcher • a surname ‖ Only used in 休屠. slaughter • massacre 屠 • (do, jeo) · 屠 • (do, jeo) (hangeul 도, 저, revised do, jeo, McCune–Reischauer to, chŏ) Hán-Nôm : đồ 屠
屢 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ros) : semantic 尸 + phonetic 婁 (OC *ɡ·roː, *ɡ·ro). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lír • Middle-Chinese : ljuH repeatedly; frequently frequently • often • again & again 屢 (eumhun 창 루 (chang ru), word-initial (South Korea) 창 누 (chang nu)) hanja form of 루/누 (“often, frequently, again and again”) • hanja form of 루/누 (“many”) Hán-Nôm : lũ • Hán-Nôm : cũ • Hán-Nôm : lú • Hán-Nôm : rũ • Hán-Nôm : luã • Hán-Nôm : rủ 屢
屬 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjoɡ, *djoɡ) : semantic 㞑 (“tail”) + phonetic 蜀 (OC *djoɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjoɡ, *djoɡ) : semantic 㞑 (“tail”) + phonetic 蜀 (OC *djoɡ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : suk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sio̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiok • Middle-Chinese : dzyowk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zuk¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsyowk category; type; class • kins folk; dependent; family members • fellows; associates • subordinate; subaltern; adjutant; aide • to belong to • to be under; to be subordinate to • to be • to be born in the year of (one of the twelve animals) • (taxonomy) genus ‖ to join; to combine • to compose; to write • to gather; to congregate • Alternative form of 囑／嘱 (zhǔ, “to entrust”) • Alternative form of 囑／嘱 (zhǔ, “to exhort; to urge”) • excuse; justification • Alternative form of 矚／瞩 (zhǔ, “to concentrate one's attention on”) • to wear; to bear • to be related with • to follow • Alternative form of 注 (zhù, “to pour”) ‖ Kyūjitai form of 属 ‖ 屬 (eumhun 무리 속 (muri sok)) ‖ 屬 (eumhun 이을 촉 (ieul chok)) hanja form of 속 (“class; category; type”) • hanja form of 속 (“(biology, taxonomy) a genus”) ‖ (literary) hanja form of 촉 (“to join; to combine”) canonical : 屬: Hán Việt readings: thuộc • canonical : chúc • canonical : chú 屬: Nôm readings: thuộc • canonical : chuộc chữ Hán form of thuộc (“subordinate to”). • Nôm form of chuộc (“to redeem”). 屬
屹 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngat⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gi̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gu̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : git • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gut • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gert • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kit • Middle-Chinese : ngj+t ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜ (literary) towering • (literary) firm; unyielding ‖ Only used in 屹剌剌. towering mountains 屹 • (heul) · 屹 • (heul) (hangeul 흘, revised heul, McCune–Reischauer hŭl) Hán-Nôm : ngật 屹
岐 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡe) : semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 支 (OC *kje) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei⁴ • Middle-Chinese : gjie Used in 岐山 (Qíshān). • Alternative form of 歧 (qí) • Used in compounds. • a surname branch off • fork in road 岐 (eum 기 (gi)) Hán-Nôm : kì 岐
岔 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 分 (“split; division”) + 山 (“mountain”) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caa³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄚˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsha • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshee • Middle-Chinese : tsrhaeH to diverge; to branch • to turn • to change the topic of conversation • branch (of a river) • fork in the road; junction of a road • trouble 岔 (eum 차 (cha)) Hán-Nôm : xá 岔
岡 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *klaːŋ) : phonetic 网 (OC *mlaŋʔ) + semantic 山 (“mountain”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-gaŋ (“hill, ridge, mountain”) (STEDT, Schuessler, 2007), cognate with Tibetan སྒང (sgang, “ridge; mound”), Burmese ခင် (hkang, “ridge”), Burmese အခေါင် (a.hkaung, “summit”), Lahu qhɔ³³ (“mountain”), Sulung gɹaŋ³³ (“mountain”), Proto-Tamangic *ᴬgaŋ ("hill, mountain"). \ STEDT also proposes cognacy with 京 (OC *kraŋ, “artificial mound, capital”) and 鯨 (OC *ɡraŋ, “whale”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄤ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kang • Middle-Chinese : kang ridge or crest of a mountain • mountain; hill hill 岡 (eumhun 산등성이 강 (sandeungseong'i gang)) hanja form of 강 (“hill”) Hán-Nôm : cương 岡
峨 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːl) : semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 我 (OC *ŋaːlʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngo⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngôo Short for 峨眉 (Éméi). • lofty 峨 (eum 아 (a)) Hán-Nôm : nga 峨
峭 Originally Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰews) : semantic 阜 (“soil mountain”) + phonetic 肖 (OC *slew, *slews), later Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰews) : semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 肖 (OC *slew, *slews). \ Cognate with Burmese စောက် (cauk, “steep, depth”). Compare also with Burmese စက် (cak, “severe, chilly”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ciu³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiàu • Middle-Chinese : tshjewH steep; precipitous; rugged • (literary) stern; severe • cold • to make more strict 峭 (eum 초 (cho)) Hán-Nôm : tiếu • Hán-Nôm : tiễu 峭
峰 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰoŋ) : semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 夆 (OC *pʰoŋ, *boŋ, *ɡaːds). Cantonese · Jyutping : fung¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pang • Middle-Chinese : phjowng peak; summit • hump (of a camel) • Classifier for camels. ‖ 峰(お) • (o) ^(←を (wo)?) ‖ 峰(ね) • (ne) ‖ 峰(みね) • (mine) ‖ 峰(みね) • (Mine) ‖ (obsolete) a small place in the mountain • (obsolete) hill, hilltop • (obsolete) peak, ridge ‖ summit of a mountain, peak ‖ peak, ridge • (by extension) top or summit of something • back of a blade ‖ A place name • a female given name • a surname 峰 • (bong) · 峰 • (bong) (hangeul 봉, revised bong, McCune–Reischauer pong) Hán-Nôm : phong • Hán-Nôm : phưng • Hán-Nôm : phơng 峰
峻 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sluns) : semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 夋 (OC *sʰlun). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeon³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsùn • Middle-Chinese : swinH (of mountains) high; steep; towering • harsh; severe ‖ 峻(しゅん) • (Shun) · 峻(たかし) • (Takashi) (of a mountain) high; steep ‖ a male given name • a male given name 峻 • (jun) · 峻 • (jun) (hangeul 준, revised jun, McCune–Reischauer chun) Hán-Nôm : tuấn a male given name 峻
崔 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zluːl, *sʰluːl) : semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 隹 (OC *tjul). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshui • Middle-Chinese : tshwoj • Middle-Chinese : dzwoj high, lofty, towering • height, summit • a surname, cliff, bluff, precipice 崔 • (choe) · 崔 • (choe) (hangeul 최, revised choe, McCune–Reischauer ch'oe, Yale choy) High • A surname Hán-Nôm : thôi • Hán-Nôm : thoi • Hán-Nôm : thòi 崔
崛 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwat⁶ • Middle-Chinese : gjut • Middle-Chinese : ngjut (literary) to rise abruptly • (literary) towering; eminent 崛 (eum 굴 (gul)) Hán-Nôm : quật 崛
嵌 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kham • Middle-Chinese : khaem • Middle-Chinese : dzamX to inlay; to embed; to imbed; to fix deeply and firmly • (literary, of a valley) deep • (literary) grotto; cave • (literary) to fall into; to sink • (literary) precipitous; rugged; cratered 嵌 (eum 감 (gam)) Hán-Nôm : khảm 嵌
嵐 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *b·ruːm) : semantic 山 (“mountain”) + abbreviated phonetic 葻 (OC *b·uːm) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laam⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lâm • Middle-Chinese : lom (literary) mountain mist • Used in place names. ‖ 嵐(あらし) • (arashi) ‖ 嵐(あらし) • (Arashi) ‖ 嵐(らん) • (Ran) fresh energy from the mountains • storm, tempest ‖ a storm, tempest: · a windstorm • a storm, tempest: · a rainstorm • a storm, tempest: · a magnetic storm • (figurative) a difficulty, discord, strife • (archaic, obsolete) Short for 嵐の日 (arashi no hi): the first day of the seventh month in the lunar calendar ‖ a female given name • a surname ‖ a female given name 嵐 (eumhun 남기(嵐氣) 람, word-initial (South Korea) 남기(嵐氣) 남) hanja form of 람, 남 (“mountain mist”) 嵐
嶺 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reŋʔ) : semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 領 (OC *reŋʔ). \ Compare 陵 (OC *rɯŋ, “mound; hill”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leng⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : líng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : niá • Middle-Chinese : ljengX mountain whose peak is accessible by road (Classifier: 道 m) • mountain range • (specifically) Nanling Mountains; Wuling • (Hakka, dialectal Cantonese) mountain; hill • a surname: Ling peak • summit 嶺 (eumhun 재 령 (jae ryeong), word-initial (South Korea) 재 영 (jae yeong)) hanja form of 령/영 (“mountain ridge”) Hán-Nôm : lĩnh • Hán-Nôm : lãnh 嶺
巍 Vocalic variant of 危 (OC *ŋoi) (Schuessler 2007); see there for etymology. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : guî • Middle-Chinese : ngjw+j towering; lofty towering; high 巍 (eumhun 넢고 클 외 (neopgo keul oe)) hanja form of 외 (“high and large”) canonical : 巍: Hán Việt readings: nguy 巍: Nôm readings: nguy • canonical : ngoai chữ Hán form of nguy (“towering”). 巍
巖 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋraːm) : semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 嚴 (OC *ŋam). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngaam⁴ • Middle-Chinese : ngaem (of a military position) dangerous and important 巖 • (am, eom) · 巖 • (am, eom) (hangeul 암, 엄, revised am, eom, McCune–Reischauer am, ŏm) Hán-Nôm : nham same as nham 碞 巖
巢 Pictogram (象形) : a baby bird (巛) in a nest (田), which is on top of a tree (木). ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsâu • Middle-Chinese : dzraew • Middle-Chinese : dzraewH ‖ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : siū nest (for bird, ants, bees, etc.) • lair; den • (historical) name of an ancient musical instrument • (historical) name of an ancient feudal state • a surname ‖ wrinkled; wrinkly ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 岫 (siū, “nest, den or lair of animals”) nest • living quarter in tree 巢 • (so) · 巢 • (so) (hangeul 소, McCune–Reischauer so) nest • living quarter in tree Hán-Nôm : sào 巢
巫 Pictogram (象形) – originally two pieces of jade crossed over each other as used in ancient shamanistic practices. \ ; “shaman; witch” \ : Thai หมอ (mɔ̌ɔ, “doctor”) < Proto-Tai *ʰmo:ᴬ (“shaman”) is generally assumed to be a Sino-Tibetan loan (Pittayaporn, 2014). More at Wu (shaman), Magi#In Chinese sources, magus. \ ; “Malay” Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bû • Middle-Chinese : mju shaman; witch; sorcerer; wizard • witch doctor • (chiefly Malaysia, Singapore) Malay; Melayu; relating to ethnic Malays • a surname ‖ 巫(かんなぎ) • (kannagi) ‖ 巫(こうなぎ) • (kōnagi) ^(←かうなぎ (kaunagi)?) shaman • witch, sorcerer ‖ (archaic) a medium or shaman, usually female, who acts as a medium between humans and the spirits or gods, helping to communicate between the two and to calm any supernatural or spiritual upset ‖ (archaic, possibly obsolete) a medium or shaman, usually female, who acts as a medium between humans and the spirits or gods, helping to communicate between the two and to calm any supernatural or spiritual upset 巫 (eumhun 무당 무 (mudang mu)) hanja form of 무 (“shaman; something related to shamanism”) canonical : 巫: Hán Việt readings: vu 巫
巴 Pictogram (象形) — a huge snake. \ ; "huge snake" \ ; "bar" Cantonese · Jyutping : baa¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄚ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pa • Middle-Chinese : pae (ancient Chinese mythology) a huge snake that could swallow an elephant • to greatly desire; to anxiously hope; to long for • Used as a suffix for objects that are located below or behind. • Used as a suffix for objects that are clumped together due to dryness or stickiness. • to cling to; to stick to • (Jilu Mandarin, Sichuanese, dialectal Wu) to be close to; to be next to • (Beijing Mandarin, Jilu Mandarin) to open; to spread • (Sichuanese) to suit; to fit • (Sichuanese) to follow • (Sichuanese) to be intimate • (Sichuanese) to involve; to implicate • (Sichuanese) to kiss up; to curry favour • (Sichuanese) to subsidize • (Sichuanese) to infect; to contract • (dialectal Mandarin, including Beijing Mandarin, Shandong Mandarin, Xinjiang Mandarin) to sew; to stitch on • (Southwestern Mandarin; Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) dried object • (dialectal Mandarin, Cantonese) Classifier for the number of slaps. • (Jiaoliao Mandarin, Sichuanese) along • (historical) Ba (an ancient state in modern-day Sichuan) • eastern Sichuan and Chongqing • Short for 巴士 (bāshì, “bus”). • (physics) bar (unit of pressure) • (Cantonese) Used in transcription of bar. • Short for 巴勒斯坦 (Bālèsītǎn, “Palestine”). • Short for 巴基斯坦 (Bājīsītǎn, “Pakistan”). • Short for 巴拿馬／巴拿马 (Bānámǎ, “Panama”). • Short for 巴哈馬／巴哈马 (Bāhāmǎ, “The Bahamas”). • Short for 巴拉圭 (Bālāguī, “Paraguay”). • a surname ‖ 巴(ともえ) • (tomoe) ^(←ともゑ (tomowe)?) ‖ 巴(ともえ) • (Tomoe) ^(←ともゑ (tomowe)?) ‖ 巴(は) • (Ha) ‖ a circular design resembling swirling water, a comma, or an archer's bow • (architecture) a piece of wood, usually a floorboard or an eave, with a tomoe pattern • an oxcart with the wickerwork in a tomoe pattern • a 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) with various tomoe designs • Short for 巴瓦 (tomoegawara): a tile with a tomoe design • turning ‖ Short for 巴御前 (Tomoe Gozen): 12th-century female samurai • a 謡曲 (dōkyoku, “noh song”) based on a story from The Tale of the Heike • a surname • a unisex given name ‖ (historical) Ba (an ancient state in eastern Sichuan) 巴 (eumhun 땅 이름 파 (ttang ireum pa)) Hanja form of 파 (“used in placenames”). canonical : 巴: Hán Việt readings: ba • canonical : bơ 巴: Nôm readings: bơ • canonical : ba • canonical : vã • canonical : va Chữ Hán form of Ba (“used in placenames”). • Chữ Hán form of ba (“to adhere; to stick to”). • Nôm form of bơ (“used in compounds”). 巴
帕 ;“Phrae Province; Phrae City” Cantonese · Jyutping : paak³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paa³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mat⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mak⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phànn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phà • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phèe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pheh • Middle-Chinese : maet to wrap • kerchief, handkerchief, headscarf • Short for 帕斯卡 (Pàsīkǎ, “pascal (SI unit)”). • (～府) Phrae province • (～市) Phrae city 帕 • (mal, pa) · 帕 • (mal, pa) (hangeul 말, 파, revised mal, pa, McCune–Reischauer mal, p'a) Hán-Nôm : phạ 帕
帖 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰeːb) : semantic 巾 (“a square item of cloth”) + phonetic 占 (OC *ʔljem, *tjems). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰeːb) : semantic 巾 (“a square item of cloth”) + phonetic 占 (OC *ʔljem, *tjems). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰeːb) : semantic 巾 (“a square item of cloth”) + phonetic 占 (OC *ʔljem, *tjems). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄝ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tip³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiap • Middle-Chinese : thep ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄝˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tip³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tip³⁻² ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄝˋ to be submissive; to be obedient; to be docile • stable; settled; appropriate • Same as 貼／贴 (tiē, “to paste”). • a surname ‖ note; invitation; card; identity card • ^† official document; proclamation • Classifier for doses of herbal medicine. ‖ copybook; model; rubbing (for practicing calligraphy or painting) 帖 (eumhun 문서 첩 (munseo cheop)) ‖ 帖 (eumhun 체지 체 (cheji che)) ‖ Hán-Nôm : thiếp 帖
帘 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lim⁴ • Middle-Chinese : dzrin • Middle-Chinese : ljem sign hung in front of a tavern's entrance 帘 • (ryeom) · 帘 • (ryeom) (hangeul 렴, revised ryeom, McCune–Reischauer ryŏm) 帘
帚 Characters in the same phonetic series (帚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Pictogram (象形) – a broom with bristles on top and tied handle on the bottom. \ In modern form, top now resembles 聿 (“hand”), 肀 (“brush”), 彐, and overall graphically decomposes roughly as 肀 + 冖 + 巾. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄡˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaau² • Cantonese · Jyutping : zau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiú • Middle-Chinese : tsyuwX broom; broomstick broom 帚 • (chu) · 帚 • (chu) (hangeul 추, revised chu, McCune–Reischauer ch'u) Hán-Nôm : chổi • Hán-Nôm : trửu 帚
帶 Pictogram (象形) . \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-daːj (“waist; belt; zone; flat expanse”). Cognate with Tibetan སྡེ (sde, “part; portion; district”) and Proto-Lolo-Burmese *N-day³ (“level expanse; plain”). Also compare the phonologically similar Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-taj (“naval; abdomen; center; self”). ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄞˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuà • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tài • Middle-Chinese : tajH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tèr ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsah belt; ribbon; tape (Classifier: 條／条 c) • tyre • zone; area; belt • cassette (Classifier: 餅／饼 c) • leucorrhoea • to take; to bring along; to carry • to do something incidentally • to lead; to head • to bear; to have • to have something attached • to contain; to carry • to drive; to spur on • to look after; to bring up • (Hokkien) to worry about; to care for • (Hokkien) to involve in trouble; to implicate • (neologism, Internet slang) Pronunciation spelling of 大. ‖ (Hokkien, Hainanese) place • (Hainanese) where ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 紮／扎 (chah, “to carry; to bring along”) 帶 (eumhun 띠 대 (tti dae)) hanja form of 대 (“belt; ribbon; tape”) Hán-Nôm : đái • Hán-Nôm : đới • Hán-Nôm : đai 帶
帷 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uî • Middle-Chinese : hwij tent • curtain, screen ‖ 帷(い) • (i) ^(←ゐ (wi)?) ‖ 帷(い) • (i) ^(←ゐ (wi)?) ‖ a curtain or hanging that covers all sides ‖ hanging; curtain 帷 • (yu) · 帷 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu) 帷 (duy) 帷
幌 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fong² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hóng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hián • Middle-Chinese : hwangX (literary) curtain • shop sign for a liquor-selling establishment ‖ 幌(ほろ) • (horo) canopy; hood ‖ canopy, hood • horo, a cloak worn by samurai 幌 (eum 황 (hwang)) Hán-Nôm : hoảng 幌
幢 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cong⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zong⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thōng • Middle-Chinese : draewng • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tong⁴ • Middle-Chinese : draewngH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cong⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zong⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thōng • Middle-Chinese : draewng • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tong⁴ • Middle-Chinese : draewngH (obsolete) wooden support pole (particularly a wooden tentpole, flagpole, or umbrella shaft) • tent • flag; banner • umbrella • (Buddhism) stone pillar inscribed with religious writings • wavering (in the manner of a shadow) ‖ Classifier for buildings. 幢 • (dang) · 幢 • (dang) (hangeul 당, revised dang, McCune–Reischauer tang) Hán-Nôm : choàng 幢
并 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bing¹ • Middle-Chinese : pjieng (～州) (geography) Bing Province (province in ancient China) • Synonym of 太原 (Tàiyuán, “Taiyuan City”) 并 • (byeong) · 并 • (byeong) (hangeul 병, revised byeong, McCune–Reischauer pyŏng) 并
庇 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pis) : semantic 广 (“house that is built to depend on a cliff”) + phonetic 比 (OC *piʔ, *pis, *bi, *bis, *biɡ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pì • Middle-Chinese : pjijH to cover; to shield; to shelter; to protect • (Northern Min) to bury 庇 • (bi) · 庇 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi) cover, shield, shelter, protect Hán-Nôm : tí 庇
庵 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qoːm, *qoːb) : semantic 广 (“house”) + phonetic 奄 (OC *qromʔ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k-jim ~ k-jum (“house; pit; womb”). Cognate with Tibetan ཁྱིམ (khyim, “house”) and Burmese အိမ် (im, “house”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : am • Middle-Chinese : 'om • Middle-Chinese : 'op dome-shaped grass house; hut • (Buddhism) monastery or nunnery • a surname ‖ 庵(いおり) • (iori) ^(←いほり (ifori)?) ‖ 庵(いおり) • (Iori) ^(←いほり (ifori)?) ‖ 庵(いお) • (io) ^(←いほ (ifo)?) ‖ 庵(あん) • (an) ‖ 庵(あん) • (-an) ‖ 庵(あん) • (An) hut • hermitage • retreat (a peaceful, quiet place, esp. one meant for meditation or prayer) ‖ a coarse hut made of bamboo and reeds, especially one made by a monk or hermit • a small house • (humble) one's home • a temporary hut • a military camp (attested in the Wamyō Ruijushō) • a kind of 家紋(かもん) (kamon, “family crest”) with the design of a hut • Short for 庵形 (iori-gata): a figure in the shape of a roof • Short for 庵看板 (iori kanban): ‖ a female given name • a surname ‖ a temporary hut made of bamboo and reeds • a temporary residence ‖ a small house with a thatched roof • (Buddhism) a priest's quarter attached to a large Zen temple ‖ ‖ a surname 庵 (eumhun 암자 암 (amja am)) Hán-Nôm : am chữ Hán form of am (“hermitage, secluded hut, cottage, etc.”). 庵
廓 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰʷaːɡ) : semantic 广 (“broad; wide; extensive”) + phonetic 郭 (OC *kʷaːɡ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwok³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwok³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : koh • Middle-Chinese : khwak broad; wide; open; empty • (literary) to expand; to widen • (literary) to clear away; to eliminate • outline; contour • 46th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "enlargement" (𝌳) 廓 (eumhun 둘레 곽 (dulle gwak)) ‖ 廓 (eumhun 클 확 (keul hwak)) hanja form of 곽 (“girdle, circumference, outside, enclosure, wall”) ‖ hanja form of 확 (“wide; broad; large”) • hanja form of 확 (“to widen; broaden; enlarge”) Hán-Nôm : quách 廓
廟 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mrews) : semantic 广 + phonetic 朝 (OC *ʔr'ew, *r'ew). \ Possibly related to Proto-Hmong-Mien *prəuX (“house”) (Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : biō • Hokkien · Tai-lo : biāu • Middle-Chinese : mjewH (architecture, religion) temple (Classifier: 座; 間／间) ‖ 廟(びょう) • (byō) ‖ mausoleum • shrine • palace 廟 (eumhun 사당 묘 (sadang myo)) hanja form of 묘 (“temple, shrine”) • hanja form of 묘 (“imperial court”) Hán-Nôm : miếu • Hán-Nôm : mưỡu • Hán-Nôm : méo • Hán-Nôm : miễu 廟
廢 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pads) : semantic 广 (“house”) + phonetic 發 (OC *pad). \ During the Zhou–Qin period, 灋 (OC *pqab) and 法 (OC *pqab) were used to represent 廢. \ Related to 乏 (OC *bob, “to lack; to neglect”). Cognate with Tibetan འབབ ('bab, “to go down; to move downward; to descend; calamity”), འབེབས ('bebs, “to cause to fall; to bring down”) (Schuessler, 2007). Also compare Thai บอบ (bɔ̀ɔp, “weak, worn out, run down”) (ibid.). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fai³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huì • Middle-Chinese : pjojH (of house) to collapse • to abandon; to abrogate; to abolish • abandoned; deserted • to stop; to terminate • to oust; to dethrone • to decline; to decay; to ruin • disabled; handicapped; crippled • decayed; spoiled; bad • to neglect; to disregard; to overlook • useless; disused • waste; unwanted material • to fall; to drop • to kill; to slay • to lay down • to waste; to squander • Alternative form of 發／发 (“to take place; to happen”) • dejected; dispirited 廢 (eumhun 폐할 폐 (pyehal pye)) · 廢 (eumhun 버릴 폐 (beoril pye)) hanja form of 폐 (“to terminate”) • hanja form of 폐 (“to abandon”) Hán-Nôm : phế 廢
廣 Characters in the same phonetic series (黃) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷaːŋʔ) : semantic 广 + phonetic 黃 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (黃) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷaːŋʔ) : semantic 广 + phonetic 黃 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (黃) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷaːŋʔ) : semantic 广 + phonetic 黃 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (黃) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷaːŋʔ) : semantic 广 + phonetic 黃 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄤˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kóng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kńg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuínn • Middle-Chinese : kwangX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄤˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄤˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄤ broad; wide; extensive; vast • many; numerous; multitudinous • to expand; to enlarge • common; widespread; universal; pervasive; general; ubiquitous • Short for 廣州／广州 (Guǎngzhōu, “Guangzhou”). • Short for 廣東／广东 (Guǎngdōng, “Guangdong”). • (Sichuanese) overseas; foreign; western; imported • width; breadth • a surname: Guang ‖ to measure width • distance from east to west ‖ Alternative form of 曠／旷 (kuàng) • Alternative form of 壙／圹 (kuàng) ‖ Used in 闋廣／阕广, alternative form of 騤𩧉／骙𱄾 (juéguāng) • Alternative form of 光 broad • wide • spacious 廣 (eumhun 넓을 광 (neolbeul gwang)) hanja form of 광 (“broad, wide, extensive”) Hán-Nôm : quảng • Hán-Nôm : quẳng • Hán-Nôm : quãng • Hán-Nôm : rộng 廣
廳 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰeːŋ) : semantic 广 (“house”) + phonetic 聽 (OC *l̥ʰeːŋ, *l̥ʰeːŋs). \ According to Jiyun, from 聽／听 (tīng), short for 聽事／听事. \ : \ 廳，古者治官處謂之聽事，後語省直曰聽，故加广。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]厅，古者治官处谓之听事，后语省直曰听，故加广。 [Classical Chinese, simp.] \ From: 1039, Jiyun \ Tīng, gǔzhě zhìguān chù wèi zhī tīngshì, hòu yǔ xǐng zhí yuē tīng, gù jiā yǎn. [Pinyin] \ 廳 / 厅 (tīng ‘hearing [hall]’): The people of old called the government officials' bureaus ‘[halls for] hearing cases’; later the expression is shortened to just ‘hearing [hall]’; so the radical 广 (yǎn) would be added. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : teng¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ting¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiann • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thing • Middle-Chinese : theng hall; large room • government department; office • (Cantonese) living room and/or dining room ‖ Kyūjitai form of 庁: government office ‖ 廳 • (cheong) · 廳 • (cheong) (hangeul 청) administrative headquarters Hán-Nôm : sảnh • Hán-Nôm : thinh • Hán-Nôm : thính 廳
弁 Ideogram (指事) : 厶 + 廾: hands (廾) placing a hat (厶) on someone’s head. \ ; “cap; to wear a cap; low-ranking military officer; to place before or above” ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bin⁶ • Middle-Chinese : bjenH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pun⁴ conical cap worn during the Zhou dynasty • (of a man) to wear a cap (usually to indicate adulthood) • (historical) low-ranking military officer • to place before or above • quick; rushed • to panic; to shudder • Alternative form of 卞 (biàn, “to wrestle with bare hands”) • Alternative form of 卞 (Biàn, “a county in Shandong”) • a surname ‖ happy ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ 弁(べん) • (ben) ‖ 弁(べん) • (ben) ‖ 弁(べん) • (-ben) hat ‖ to distinguish ‖ petal • valve ‖ speech ‖ Extended shinjitai form of 辮 ‖ Extended shinjitai form of 辦 ‖ discrimination ‖ petal • valve ‖ dialect 弁 • (byeon, ban) · 弁 • (byeon, ban) (hangeul 변, 반, revised byeon, ban, McCune–Reischauer pyŏn, pan, Yale pyen, pan) Hán-Nôm : biền • Hán-Nôm : biện 弁
弗 Pictogram (象形) – two arrows, tied together to be straightened. \ Later borrowed phonetically to mean “no”. The derivative 拂 (OC *pʰɯd) stands for the original word. \ ; not (verb) him/her/it ‖ According to Pan (2002), a labiodentalized and checked variant of 不 (OC *pɯ, *pɯʔ, *pɯ'). \ In certain varieties the initial has gained voicing and in some cases caused the word shifted to yang tones, either restricted to specific syntactical positions or in all contexts. \ See also 勿 (veq). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fat¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hut • Middle-Chinese : pjut ‖ (Classical) not • Used in 弗弗. • Alternative form of 祓 (fú) • ^† to straighten; to correct • Used in transcription. ‖ (Wu) Alternative form of 勿 (“not”) ‖ 弗(ふつ) or 弗(フツ) • (futsu) ‖ fluorine • the dollar sign ($) ‖ (chemistry, chemical elements) fluorine, fluoride ‖ 弗 (eumhun 아닐 불 (anil bul)) Repurposed for its visual similarity to the dollar symbol $. Hán-Nôm : phất 弗
弛 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tî • Middle-Chinese : syeX (literary) to unstring a bow; to slacken a bowstring • to loosen; to slacken; to relax • to fall off; to fall out of use • (literary) to delay; to defer • (literary) to remove; to abolish • (literary) to ruin; to damage to loosen 弛 • (i, chi) · 弛 • (i, chi) (hangeul 이, 치, revised i, chi, McCune–Reischauer i, ch'i, Yale i, chi) Hán-Nôm : thỉ 弛
彈 Characters in the same phonetic series (單) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *daːn, *daːns) : semantic 弓 + phonetic 單 (OC *taːn, *djan, *djanʔ, *djans). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (單) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *daːn, *daːns) : semantic 弓 + phonetic 單 (OC *taːn, *djan, *djanʔ, *djans). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : daan⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuânn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuānn • Middle-Chinese : dan ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : daan⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : daan⁶⁻² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuânn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuānn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thân • Middle-Chinese : danH to shoot (with a slingshot); to catapult; to eject • to flick; to fluff; to strike • (music) to play (a stringed musical instrument) • to spring; to leap; to be elastic • to accuse; to criticise; to expose • (traditional Chinese medicine) to puncture • (of tear) to fall • to weigh • (Eastern Min) to shine • (Eastern Min) to look at oneself in the mirror) • (Southern Min) to blather; to speak nonsense ‖ shot; pellet • slingshot • Alternative form of 蛋 (dàn, “egg”) • bullet; shot • bomb; shell 彈 • (tan) · 彈 • (tan) (hangeul 탄, McCune–Reischauer t'an, Yale than) Hán-Nôm : đạn • Hán-Nôm : đàn • Hán-Nôm : đằn • Hán-Nôm : đan • Hán-Nôm : đận • Hán-Nôm : rờn 彈
彙 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢruds) : semantic 㣇 + abbreviated phonetic 胃 (OC *ɢuds). \ ;hedgehog \ :Its graph is also used to 彙／汇 (huì, “category, class”), which is perhaps a variant of 類／类 (lèi) without the latter's l- initial. Also note 彙／汇 (huì, “hedgehog”)'s Cantonese pronunciation leoi⁶.(Bodman, 1980; Schuessler, 2007) \ :Sino-Tibetan; cognate with Mizo kuh (“porcupine's quill, porcupine”) and Mizo sakuh (“porcupine”). In Tibeto-Burman cognates *k- is seemingly a prefix.(Schuessler, 2007) \ ;category, class \ :If 彙 (OC *wəs) were related to 類 (OC *rus), it may be a form whose initial *r- had been treated as a prefix and dropped. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luī • Middle-Chinese : hjw+jH Alternative form of 蝟／猬 (wèi, “hedgehog”) • to gather; to assemble • collection; class; category ‖ 彙(い) • (i) ^(←ゐ (wi)?) hedgehog • collection, compilation ‖ to sort and collect; collection, compilation, group 彙 (eumhun 모을 휘 (mo'eul hwi)) hanja form of 휘 (“collection”) Hán-Nôm : vừng • Hán-Nôm : vị • Hán-Nôm : vựng • Hán-Nôm : hối 彙
彤 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tông • Middle-Chinese : downg (literary) red; vermilion • a surname red • vermilion 彤 • (dong) · 彤 • (dong) (hangeul 동, revised dong, McCune–Reischauer tong, Yale tong) red, vermilion • name of an ancient state Hán-Nôm : đồng 彤
彪 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : biu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiu • Middle-Chinese : pjiw ^‡ tiger stripes • ^‡ Asian golden cat (Catopuma temminckii) • (literary, by extension) to be full of literary grace or bright colors • (literary) tiger; small tiger • (figuratively, of a person) big and tall; strong; stalwart • (literary) clear; evident; obvious • Classifier for detachment of troops. • a surname 彪 • (pyo) · 彪 • (pyo) (hangeul 표, revised pyo, McCune–Reischauer p'yo, Yale phyo) Hán-Nôm : bưu 彪
彫 carve • engrave • chisel 彫 • (jo) · 彫 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho, Yale co) Hán-Nôm : điêu • Hán-Nôm : đêu 彫
彬 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *prɯn) : abbreviated phonetic 焚 (OC *bun) + semantic 彡. \ Alternatively may be phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *prɯn) : abbreviated phonetic 棼 (OC *bɯn) + semantic 彡. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ban¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pin • Middle-Chinese : pin elegant; refined • a surname ‖ 彬(あきら) • (Akira) refined ‖ a male given name bright Hán-Nôm : băn • Hán-Nôm : bận • Hán-Nôm : bân 彬
彭 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 壴 (“drum”) + 彡 (“visualization of the sound of drumming”) – sound of drumming. \ Shuowen considers it to be a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) where 彡 (OC *sroːm, *slom) acts as the phonetic component. ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 壴 (“drum”) + 彡 (“visualization of the sound of drumming”) – sound of drumming. \ Shuowen considers it to be a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) where 彡 (OC *sroːm, *slom) acts as the phonetic component. ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 壴 (“drum”) + 彡 (“visualization of the sound of drumming”) – sound of drumming. \ Shuowen considers it to be a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) where 彡 (OC *sroːm, *slom) acts as the phonetic component. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phînn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phênn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phîng • Middle-Chinese : baeng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pong⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bong¹ (onomatopoeia, obsolete) sound of drumming • Name of an ancient country. • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 旁 (“side; near”) ‖ Only used in 彭彭. 彭 • (paeng, bang) · 彭 • (paeng, bang) (hangeul 팽, 방, revised paeng, bang, McCune–Reischauer p'aeng, pang, Yale phayng, pang) canonical : 彭: Hán Việt readings: bành 彭: Nôm readings: bành • canonical : phình Chữ Hán form of Bành (“a surname from Chinese.”). • Nôm form of bành. 彭
很 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯːnʔ) : semantic 彳 + phonetic 艮 (OC *kɯːns). \ “Cruel (~ 狠); to disobey; to defy” > “very; quite” (since Yuan dynasty). Compare 蠻／蛮 (mán). Cantonese · Jyutping : han² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄣˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hún • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hín • Middle-Chinese : honX very; rather; quite • (Mandarin, especially before monosyllabic adjectives) (no meaning, see usage note) • (obsolete, original senses) · to disobey; to defy; to be querulous • (obsolete, original senses) · struggle; dispute; lawsuit • (obsolete, original senses) · to try to one's utmost • (obsolete) Alternative form of 狠 (hěn, “cruel; savage; inhumane”). 很 (eumhun 패려궂을 흔 (paeryeogujeul heun)) Hán-Nôm : ngận • Hán-Nôm : hẩn 很
徊 ‖ For pronunciation and definitions of 徊 – see 回 (“to turn around; to return; to go back; etc.”). \ (This character is a variant form of 回). \ Possibly a contraction of 遐的 (hia-ê / hiah-ê). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wui⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huâi • Middle-Chinese : hwoj ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : huâi Only used in 徘徊 (páihuái). ‖ (Hokkien) those wander 徊 • (hoe) · 徊 • (hoe) (hangeul 회, revised hoe, McCune–Reischauer hoe, Yale hoy) Hán-Nôm : hồi • Hán-Nôm : hòi 徊
徑 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ging³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaang³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kìng • Middle-Chinese : kengH path; road • way • directly • (geometry) diameter path • diameter • method 徑 (eumhun 지름길 경 (jireumgil gyeong)) hanja form of 경 (“shortcut, path”) Hán-Nôm : kính • Hán-Nôm : kinh 徑
徘 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pui⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pâi • Middle-Chinese : bwoj Only used in 徘徊 (páihuái, “walk back and forth, hesitate”). 徘 • (bae) · 徘 • (bae) (hangeul 배, revised bae, McCune–Reischauer pae, Yale pay) Hán-Nôm : bồi 徘
徙 The erroneous variant form 𢓊 (left) and ancient form 𡲴 (right) in small seal script, as depicted within the Shuowen Jiezi. \ During the Zhou dynasty, 徙 was represented with the phonetic borrowing 屎 (OC *hliʔ, *hri, “excrement”), with the components 辵 and 止 later being added to differentiate the character used to represent "migration". During the Warring States period, the earlier forms of 屎 consisting of 小 or 少 components (as seen in and ) had these portions transform into 米, however 徙 continued to retain the 少 form. The Chu script form of 屎 corrupted into a form with the 尸 ("body") component becoming 尾 ("tail"), while the Qin script form of 徙 omitted the 尸 component of 屎 and left only 少 remaining. Li Shoukui (2015) however argues that the Chu script ⿸尾少 may not actually be cognate to ⿸尸少 (and ergo 屎). The clerical script form inherited the Qin script form, however had the 少 component mutate into another 止, which coincidentally resulted in the clerical form matching the same character structure as 歨 (the Shang dynasty form of 步) with an additional 彳 component. \ Shuowen Jiezi erroneously takes this mutated clerical script form of 徙 with two 止 components, and claims that it is a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *selʔ) : semantic 辵 (“walk”) + phonetic 止 (OC *kjɯʔ). It also omits one of the 止 components to create an alternative form 𢓊, however no such character exists in ancient writing (although coincidentally it has a similar shape to the Shang and Zhou 延). Hu Houxuan (1981) states that the "ancient script" form of 徙 in Shuowen, 𡲴, comes from a corruption of the variant form featuring 尾 in place of 尸, but with the tail portion misrepresented as 火. For this reason, the "ancient script" forms of 徙 provided in Shuowen are extremely corrupted. \ Li Jiahao (2010) notes that the ancient form of 屎, namely ⿸尸少, may potentially suggest that 徙 is a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *selʔ) : semantic 辵 (“walk”) + abbreviated phonetic 沙 (OC *sraːl, *sraːls). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saai² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suá • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sí • Middle-Chinese : sjeX to move one's abode; to shift; to migrate; to relocate • to substitute; to transplant; to swap • (Hakka, Hokkien, Teochew) to move (an object) 徙 • (sa) · 徙 • (sa) (hangeul 사) Hán-Nôm : si • Hán-Nôm : tỉ 徙
從 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 辵 (“walk”) + 从 (“follow”). \ Etymology not certain. Perhaps cognate with Tibetan རྫོང་བ (rdzong ba, “to dispatch; to dismiss”) (Schuessler, 2007). Alternatively, compare Tibetan སྟོངས་པ (stongs pa, “to accompany”), or perhaps 送 (OC *sloːŋs, “to escort; to send”). \ Pronunciation 2 is a derivation of pronunciation 1. ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 辵 (“walk”) + 从 (“follow”). \ Etymology not certain. Perhaps cognate with Tibetan རྫོང་བ (rdzong ba, “to dispatch; to dismiss”) (Schuessler, 2007). Alternatively, compare Tibetan སྟོངས་པ (stongs pa, “to accompany”), or perhaps 送 (OC *sloːŋs, “to escort; to send”). \ Pronunciation 2 is a derivation of pronunciation 1. ‖ ‖ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : cung⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsn̂g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiông • Middle-Chinese : dzjowng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄥˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zung⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiōng • Middle-Chinese : dzjowngH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄥˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sung¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiong • Middle-Chinese : tshjowng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄥˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zung¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zung³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiòng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiong to follow; to come after • to comply with; to submit to • to follow the principle of • to join; to be engaged in • from (a place or time); since • through; via; by • from; according to • (followed by negative) never; ever • 19th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "following" (𝌘) • a surname ‖ (of relatives) paternal (with the same surname) • auxiliary; subsidiary • follower; attendant; entourage ‖ Only used in 從容／从容 (cóngróng, “calm; at ease”). ‖ Alternative form of 縱／纵 (“straight; vertical”) • Alternative form of 縱／纵 (“to give free reign to”) ‖ Alternative form of 蹤／踪 (zōng) 從 (eumhun 좇을 종 (jocheul jong)) ‖ 從 (eum 종 (jong)) hanja form of 종 (“to follow; to pursue”) • hanja form of 종 (“to obey; to comply”) • hanja form of 종 (“from; since”) ‖ hanja form of 종 (“prefix indicating cousinhood”) Hán-Nôm : tòng • Hán-Nôm : tùng • Hán-Nôm : thủng • Hán-Nôm : tuồng • Hán-Nôm : thong • Hán-Nôm : thung • Hán-Nôm : thùng • Hán-Nôm : tồng • Hán-Nôm : tụng 從
徵 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 彳 (“movement”) + 𭖒 (“knife”) + 攵 (“to strike”) – originally meaning punishment. \ Originally written as 𭖒 in oracle bone script; pictogram (象形) of a knife with tooth-shaped protrusions on the back. Variants which added 止 (“foot”) were common. In bronze inscriptions, 彳 was often added to the character as well. In bamboo slips, 止 was replaced with 攵, arriving at the modern form. \ Related to 證 (OC *tjɯŋs). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zing¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ting • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tin • Middle-Chinese : tring ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi² • Middle-Chinese : triX to convene; to assemble • to collect • to solicit; to ask for • to inquire; to query • to verify; to prove • (literary) evidence • phenomenon; symptom • a surname ‖ (music) the fourth tone in the ancient Chinese pentatonic scale, comparable to sol in the Western solfège system 徵 • (jing, chi) · 徵 • (jing, chi) (hangeul 징, 치, revised jing, chi, McCune–Reischauer ching, ch'i, Yale cing, chi) Hán-Nôm : trưng • Hán-Nôm : chưng • Hán-Nôm : chủy • Hán-Nôm : chuỷ • Hán-Nôm : rưng • Hán-Nôm : trâng 徵
徽 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hmɯl) : abbreviated phonetic 微 (OC *mɯl) + semantic 糸 (“cloth”). Cantonese · Jyutping : fai¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hui • Middle-Chinese : xjw+j ^† rope; cord • ^† to tie; to bind • badge; emblem; insignia • crest; logo; coat of arms • flag; banner • (literary) fine; beautiful; glorious • ^† strings on a guqin • (of the guqin) white dots made of mother-of-pearl inlaid onto the surface board, marking the harmonic positions • ^† to play the guqin • Short for 安徽 (Ānhuī). • Short for 徽州 (Huīzhōu). good • beautiful • badge 徽 • (hwi) · 徽 • (hwi) (hangeul 휘, revised hwi, McCune–Reischauer hwi, Yale hwi) a badge, insignia Hán-Nôm : huy 徽
忱 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sam⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sîm • Middle-Chinese : dzyim sincerity; honesty; sincere feeling • a surname 忱 (eum 침 (chim)) Hán-Nôm : thầm 忱
忿 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan² • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hùn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hún • Middle-Chinese : phjunX • Middle-Chinese : phjunH to be angry; to be indignant; to hate • Alternative form of 奮／奋 (fèn, “to dash ahead”) be angry 忿 (eum 분 (bun)) get angry • fury • exasperation Hán-Nôm : phẫn 忿
怎 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : phonetic 乍 (OC *zraːɡs) + semantic 心 (“heart”). \ First attested in the word 怎生 [10th c.] (Yuan et al., 1996). \ Contraction of 作 (MC tsak) + some variant of 物 (MC mjut, “thing; what”), literally “to do what” (Norman, 1988). This is evidenced in forms found in the Tang and Song dynasties (Yuan et al., 1996): 作勿生 (MC tsak mjut sraeng) [8th c.], 作沒生 (MC tsak mwot sraeng) [8th c.], 作摩 (MC tsak ma) [10th c.], 作麼 (MC tsak maX) [10th c.]. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zam² • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaam² • Cantonese · Jyutping : dim² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuánn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsài • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsáinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsá • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuá • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsái • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsím • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsérm how; why • what Hán-Nôm : chẩm • Hán-Nôm : chẩn • Hán-Nôm : tẩn • Hán-Nôm : trẫm 怎
怔 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjeŋ) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 正 (OC *tjeŋ, *tjeŋs) ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zing¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsing • Middle-Chinese : tsyeng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zing¹ (used in compounds) terrified; seized with terror; panic-stricken ‖ (regional) to stare blankly; to be in a daze 怔 (eum 정 (jeong)) Hán-Nôm : chinh 怔
怕 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰraːɡs, *pʰraːɡ) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 白 (OC *braːɡ). \ Cognate with 怖 (OC *pʰaːs) (Wang, 1982; Schuessler, 2007). Compare Proto-Kuki-Chin *phoo(k/ŋ) (“to startle; to alarm; to wake up”), whence Mizo phâwk (“to startle; to frighten”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007). Also compare Proto-Monic *phiic (“to be afraid”), whence Mon ဖေက် (“to fear”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phànn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phà • Middle-Chinese : phaeH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Middle-Chinese : phaek to fear; to be afraid of; to dread • to worry; to be concerned • to be unable to withstand • perhaps; supposedly; fearfully; I'm afraid that • (Northern Wu) ugly • a surname ‖ (literary) Alternative form of 泊 (“indifferent to fame or gain”) 怕 (eumhun 두려워할 파 (duryeowohal pa)) · 怕 (eumhun 담담할 백 (damdamhal baek)) Hán-Nôm : phạ 怕
怡 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : î • Middle-Chinese : yi amiable and cheerful • cheerful; happy; joyous ‖ 怡(い) • (i) ‖ rejoice; enjoy 怡 • (i) · 怡 • (i) (hangeul 이, revised i, McCune–Reischauer i, Yale i) Hán-Nôm : di 怡
怯 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄝˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hip³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiap • Middle-Chinese : khjaep timid; cowardly • to fear; to be afraid of • (dialectal) vulgar; tawdry • weak; feeble to be scared, to be frightened • timid; cowardly 怯 (eumhun 겁(怯)낼 겁 (geomnael geop)) fear, fright Hán-Nôm : khiếp • Hán-Nôm : khép 怯
恃 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djɯʔ) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 寺 (OC *ljɯs) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : si⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sī • Middle-Chinese : dzyiX rely on, presume on, trust to • (Classical) mother 恃 (eum 시 (si)) Hán-Nôm : thị 恃
恍 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷaːŋ, *qʰʷaːŋʔ) : semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 光 (OC *kʷaːŋ, *kʷaːŋs). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fong² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hóng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huánn • Middle-Chinese : kwang seemingly, as if (often used with 如 (rú), 若 (ruò)) • absent-minded • Used in 恍惚 (huǎnghū) and 惚恍 (hūhuǎng). unclear • senile • stupid • joke 恍 • (hwang) · 恍 • (hwang) (hangeul 황, McCune–Reischauer hwang, Yale hwang) seemingly • absent-minded Hán-Nôm : hoảng • Hán-Nôm : đoảng 恍
恒 ‖ 恒(つね) • (tsune) ‖ 恒(ひさし) • (Hisashi) always, constant ‖ constant, always • usual, ordinary, everyday, normal ‖ a male given name 恒 • (hang, geung) · 恒 • (hang, geung) (hangeul 항, 긍, revised hang, geung, McCune–Reischauer hang, kŭng, Yale hang, kung) 恒
恢 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *km̥ʰɯː) : semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 灰 (OC *hmɯː). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fui¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khue • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hue • Hokkien · Tai-lo : he • Middle-Chinese : khwoj extensive; vast • to expand; to enlarge • to restore; to recover 恢 (eum 회 (hoe)) Hán-Nôm : khôi 恢
恤 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seot¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sut • Middle-Chinese : swit ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : seot¹ to misgive • to sympathize • to compensate • (archaic) to mind; to be concerned in ‖ (Cantonese) bolt; latch • (Cantonese) to bolt; to latch 恤 • (hyul) · 恤 • (hyul) (hangeul 휼, revised hyul, McCune–Reischauer hyul, Yale hyul) Hán-Nôm : tuất 恤
恬 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'eːm) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + abbreviated phonetic 甜 (OC *l'iːm). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tim⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tim⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiâm • Middle-Chinese : dem ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiām • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiǎm quiet; calm; tranquil; peaceful • simple and contented; indifferent to fame or gain • unperturbed; indifferent; not caring of ‖ (Southern Min, Hakka) quiet; silent; calm nonchalant 恬 • (nyeom>yeom) · 恬 • (nyeom>yeom) (hangeul 념>염, revised nyeom>yeom, McCune–Reischauer nyŏm>yŏm, Yale nyem>yem) Hán-Nôm : điềm • Hán-Nôm : đềm 恬
恰 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰruːb) : semantic 忄 + phonetic 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb). ‖ ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khap • Middle-Chinese : kheap ‖ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : hap¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄚˋ exactly; just • appropriate; suitable ‖ (Eastern Min) too; so ‖ (Cantonese) to bully ‖ (dialectal or Internet slang) Pronunciation spelling of 吃. 恰 (eum 흡 (heup)) Hán-Nôm : kháp 恰
悄 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰewʔ) : semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 肖 (OC *slew, *slews). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ciu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ciu⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ciu³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiáu • Middle-Chinese : tshjewX quiet; silent • (literary) sad; worried 悄 (eum 초 (cho)) Hán-Nôm : tiếu • Hán-Nôm : tiêu • Hán-Nôm : tẹo • Hán-Nôm : tiễu • Hán-Nôm : tịu 悄
悉 From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sjej-s (“to know; to understand”) (STEDT). Compare with Tibetan ཤེས་པ (shes pa, “to understand; to know”), Burmese သိ (si., “to know”), Mizo thei (“can; to be able”), Chepang चीःसा (ciʔ‑, “to know; to understand”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sit • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sik • Middle-Chinese : sit to know; to learn; to be informed of • to use up; to exhaust • all; fully; entirely • detailed 悉 • (sil) · 悉 • (sil) (hangeul 실, revised sil, McCune–Reischauer sil, Yale sil) Hán-Nôm : tạt • Hán-Nôm : dứt • Hán-Nôm : tất • Hán-Nôm : tắt 悉
悍 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hon⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hon⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hān • Middle-Chinese : hanH brave; bold • fierce; ferocious • vigorous; valiant ‖ 悍(かん) • (kan) ‖ ferocious; fierce 悍 • (han) · 悍 • (han) (hangeul 한, revised han, McCune–Reischauer han, Yale han) Hán-Nôm : hãn 悍
悖 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bɯːds, *bɯːd) : semantic 忄 + phonetic 孛 (OC *bɯːds, *bɯːd). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bɯːds, *bɯːd) : semantic 忄 + phonetic 孛 (OC *bɯːds, *bɯːd). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bɯːds, *bɯːd) : semantic 忄 + phonetic 孛 (OC *bɯːds, *bɯːd). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bui⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bui³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puē • Middle-Chinese : bwojH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : but⁶ • Middle-Chinese : bwot ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄟˇ to go against, to be contrary to • perverse; erroneous • confused; puzzled • to rebel; to revolt • to screen; to cover ‖ Alternative form of 勃 (bó, “prosperous; thriving”) ‖ ^‡ stubborn; obstinate 悖 (eumhun 거스를 패 (geoseureul pae)) hanja form of 패 (“go against”) Hán-Nôm : bội 悖
悦 ‖ 悦(えつ) • (etsu) ‖ 悦(えつ) • (etsu) ecstasy ‖ joy; pleasure; delight ‖ (literary) rejoicing; happiness 悦 • (yeol) · 悦 • (yeol) (hangeul 열, revised yeol, McCune–Reischauer yŏl, Yale yel) 悦
您 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 你 (“you”) + 心 (“heart”). 心 (MC sim) may also phonetically signify the original -m ending (Yuan et al., 1996). \ This character was not listed in Sui/Tang rhyme books. First attested in Jin/Yuan-era literature, when it was also written as 恁 and probably pronounced as *nim at the time (Lü, 1940; Norman, 1988). The pronoun was used both in the singular and the plural. \ The pronoun used in Jin/Yuan-era literature is generally thought to be a fusion of 你們／你们 (nǐmen, “you (plural)”) or 你每 (nǐměi, “you (plural)”) (Lü, 1940; Norman, 1988). Compare 怹 (tān, “he, she (polite)”) ( < 他們／他们 (tāmen, “they”)). \ The honorific usage may simply be a development of the plural usage (Norman, 1988); compare English you, French vous. However, others have argued for a different etymology for the honorific pronoun. Wang (1984) and Lü (1985) argue that it is a contraction of 你老 (“you (honorific for seniors)”): /ni lau/ → /nil/ → /nin/. Alternatively, Zhang (2001) suggests that it comes from 仁 (MC nyin), an honorific used in Buddhist texts from the Han dynasty. \ In Cantonese and Hakka, this character is simply read as 你; in Teochew, it is read as 汝. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄣˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lín (polite, honorific, sometimes sarcastic) you (usually singular, may be plural) • (archaic or dialectal) you (plural) • (archaic) thou; you (singular) You Hán-Nôm : nâm 您
悴 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuī • Middle-Chinese : dzwijH sad; distressed; despondent • haggard; pallid 悴 (eum 췌 (chwe)) Hán-Nôm : xót 悴
惋 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun² • Cantonese · Jyutping : wun² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uán • Middle-Chinese : 'wanH to sigh; to regret • troubled; sorrowful regret • be sorry • alarmed 惋 (eum 완 (wan)) Hán-Nôm : uyển 惋
惕 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tik¹ • Middle-Chinese : thek alert; watchful; cautious; careful 惕 • (cheok) · 惕 • (cheok) (hangeul 척, revised cheok, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏk, Yale chek) Hán-Nôm : thích • Hán-Nôm : rẻ • Hán-Nôm : dịch 惕
惡 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qaː, *qaːɡs, *qaːɡ) : phonetic 亞 (OC *qraːɡs) + semantic 心 (“heart”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔak (“bad”); cognate with Tibetan ཨག་པོ (ag po, “bad”) (Coblin, 1986; Schuessler, 2007). Also related to Thai ยาก (yâak, “difficult”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Exoactive of etymology 1 (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Cognate with 安 (OC *qaːn, “where; how”), 焉 (OC *qan, “where; how”). ‖ For pronunciation and definitions of 惡 – see 噁. \ (This character is a variant traditional form of 噁). \ Probably related to etymologies 1 and 2 (Zhengzhang, 2011b; Xiang, 2019). Alternatively, 涴 (MC 'waH, “to soil; to stain”) has been proposed to be the etymon (Cao, 2008). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : oh • Middle-Chinese : 'ak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ònn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : òo • Middle-Chinese : 'uH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wu¹ • Middle-Chinese : 'u ‖ evil; wicked; foul • fierce; hostile; ferocious • (Cantonese, transitive) to be hostile against (someone) • bad; poor • (Cantonese, Southern Min) difficult • (Quanzhou, Xiamen and Philippine Hokkien) to verbally abuse; to reprimand; to curse; to rebuke • (Taiwanese Hokkien) slow ‖ to hate; to loathe; to dislike ‖ ^† An interrogative pronoun: how • ^† Interjection used to express surprise: oh; ah ‖ (Wu) excrement 惡 (eumhun 악할 악 (akhal ak)) ‖ 惡 (eumhun 미워할 오 (miwohal o)) hanja form of 악 (“evil; wickedness”) [noun] ‖ hanja form of 오 (“to hate”) [affix] Hán-Nôm : ác • Hán-Nôm : ố 惡
惦 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 店 (OC *tiːms). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dim³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiàm ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiàm to keep thinking about; to miss ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 踮 (tiàm) Hán-Nôm : điếm 惦
惱 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nou⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : náu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ló • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lóo • Middle-Chinese : nawX to be angered; to be irritated • unhappy; vexed • (Hakka) to dislike; to loathe; to hate 惱 (eumhun 괴로워할 뇌 (goerowohal noe)) hanja form of 뇌 (“angered, filled with hate”) Hán-Nôm : não • Hán-Nôm : náo 惱
惶 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiânn • Middle-Chinese : hwang fearful; afraid; anxious; nervous • confuse; confused be anxious • fear 惶 • (hwang) · 惶 • (hwang) (hangeul 황, revised hwang, McCune–Reischauer hwang, Yale hwang) Hán-Nôm : hoàng 惶
惹 Characters in the same phonetic series (若) (Zhengzhang, 2003) ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄜˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : je⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liá • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiá • Middle-Chinese : nyaeX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄛˋ • Middle-Chinese : nyak to cause (a problem); to court • to offend; to provoke; to irritate; to vex • to attract; to cause (a reaction) • (Cantonese) to attract (an animal) • (Cantonese) to infect • (Mandarin, Internet slang, usually women's speech) Alternative form of 了 ‖ 惹 • (ya) · 惹 • (ya) (hangeul 야, revised ya, McCune–Reischauer ya, Yale ya) Hán-Nôm : nhạ 惹
愕 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngok⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : go̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gia̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngia̍h • Middle-Chinese : ngak startled; scared; astonished • ^† Alternative form of 諤／谔 (è, “honest speech”) surprised • frightened 愕 (eum 악 (ak)) Hán-Nôm : ngạc • Hán-Nôm : ngắc 愕
愣 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 心 + abbreviated phonetic 楞. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 心 + abbreviated phonetic 楞. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gāng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leng¹ to be in a daze; to be dumbfounded • rash; hot-headed; hasty • (colloquial) wilfully; insistently; persistently ‖ Only used in 愣兒／愣儿. Hán-Nôm : lăng 愣
愿 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun⁶ • Middle-Chinese : ngjwonH (literary) honest and prudent 愿 • (won) · 愿 • (won) (hangeul 원, revised won, McCune–Reischauer wŏn, Yale wen) 愿
慄 STEDT compared this to Tibetan བྲེད་པ་ (bred pa, “to be alarmed, scared”). If the relation is to be established, then this term is derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-ray-t (“fear”). \ Hong Kong Cantonese “to be scared” is borrowed from Taishanese 慄／栗 (nut⁵). ‖ STEDT compared this to Tibetan བྲེད་པ་ (bred pa, “to be alarmed, scared”). If the relation is to be established, then this term is derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-ray-t (“fear”). \ Hong Kong Cantonese “to be scared” is borrowed from Taishanese 慄／栗 (nut⁵). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lit • Middle-Chinese : lit ‖ to shiver; to shudder; to tremble • (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to be scared (of one's facial expression) • (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to become weak and limp (of one's arms and legs due to fear, lack of strength, etc.) ‖ (originally Taishanese, now also Hong Kong Cantonese) to be scared fear • tremble, shudder, shiver 慄 • (ryul>yul) · 慄 • (ryul>yul) (hangeul 률>율, revised ryul>yul, McCune–Reischauer ryul>yul, Yale lyul>yul) Hán-Nôm : lật translates as Lật or Rất which modifies adjectives or adverbs to mean very or extremely 慄
慘 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰluːmʔ) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 參 (OC *sʰluːm, *sʰluːms, *sloːm, *sʰrum, *srum) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshám • Middle-Chinese : tshomX (literary, or in compounds) cruel; vicious; malicious • (of losses, defeats, etc.) severe; crushing; heavy • miserable; pitiful; wretched • (literary, or in compounds) gloomy; dim; dismal Kyūjitai form of 惨: wretched 慘 • (cham, chim) · 慘 • (cham, chim) (hangeul 참, 침, revised cham, chim, McCune–Reischauer ch'am, ch'im, Yale cham, chim) Hán-Nôm : thảm • Hán-Nôm : thom • Hán-Nôm : thỏm 慘
慷 Originally written as 忼. Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰlaːŋʔ) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 康 (OC *kʰlaːŋ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hong² • Cantonese · Jyutping : kong² • Cantonese · Jyutping : hong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khóng • Middle-Chinese : khangX Used in compounds. generous; magnanimous 慷 (eum 강 (gang)) Hán-Nôm : khảng 慷
慾 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *loɡ) : phonetic 欲 (OC *loɡ) + semantic 心 – to lust with one’s heart. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : juk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : io̍k • Middle-Chinese : yowk desire; lust desire, greed 慾 • (yok) · 慾 • (yok) (hangeul 욕, revised yok, McCune–Reischauer yok, Yale yok) Hán-Nôm : dục 慾
憐 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *riːn) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 粦 (OC *rins). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-rin (“compassion; love”). Cognate with Tibetan དྲིན (drin, “kindness; favour; grace”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liân • Middle-Chinese : len to pity; to sympathize • to love tenderly sympathy • pity • treasure • dote on 憐 (eumhun 불쌍히 여길 련 (bulssanghi yeogil ryeon), word-initial (South Korea) 불쌍히 여길 연 (bulssanghi yeogil yeon)) hanja form of 련/연 (“pity, sympathize”) Hán-Nôm : lân • Hán-Nôm : liên 憐
憔 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ciu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tâ • Middle-Chinese : dzjew Only used in compounds. be emaciated, get thin 憔 (eum 초 (cho)) Hán-Nôm : tiều 憔
憧 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiong • Middle-Chinese : tsyhowng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄤˋ • Middle-Chinese : draewngH irresolute; indecisive • Used in 憧憬 (chōngjǐng). ‖ ^† foolish; ignorant longing, yearning 憧 (eumhun 그리워할 동 (geuriwohal dong)) hanja form of 동 (“longing, yearning”) Hán-Nôm : sung 憧
憩 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : abbreviated 恬 (“tranquil”) + 息 (“rest”). There is also the possibility that 憩 is phono-semantic (形聲／形声, OC *kʰrads) , with 𠯑 (OC *ɡroːd) as the phonetic component. \ Possibly related to 歇 (OC *qʰad) (Wang, 1982). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hei³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tim⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khè • Middle-Chinese : khjejH (literary) to rest break • rest period • rest • leisure 憩 (eumhun 쉴 게 (swil ge)) hanja form of 게 (“to rest”) Hán-Nôm : khệ • Hán-Nôm : khị 憩
憫 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : man⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bín • Middle-Chinese : minX to sympathize; to pity; to feel compassion for • (literary) depressed; sorrowful 憫 (eumhun 민망할 민 (minmanghal min)) hanja form of 민 (“pity, sympathize with, grieve for”) Hán-Nôm : mẫn 憫
憬 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ging² • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwing² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kíng • Middle-Chinese : kjwaengX long for 憬 • (gyeong) · 憬 • (gyeong) (hangeul 경, revised gyeong, McCune–Reischauer kyŏng, Yale keyng) rouse, awaken • become conscious Hán-Nôm : cảnh 憬
懂 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *toːŋʔ) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 董 (OC *toːŋʔ). \ Perhaps cognate with 黨 (OC *taːŋʔ, “to know”), an ancient Chu dialect word (Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄥˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tóng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : táng • Middle-Chinese : tuwngX to understand; to comprehend • (Singapore, Hong Kong) to know • Used in 懵懂 (měngdǒng, “confused”). • a surname: Dong 懂 (eumhun 심란할 동 (simnanhal dong)) Hán-Nôm : đổng • Hán-Nôm : đỏng 懂
懈 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kreːs) : semantic 忄 + phonetic 解 (OC *kreːʔ, *kreːs, *ɡreːʔ, *ɡreːs). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hāi • Middle-Chinese : keaH (literary, or in compounds) lazy; slack; idle laziness 懈 (eum 해 (hae)) Hán-Nôm : giải 懈
應 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qɯŋ, *qɯŋs) : phonetic 䧹 (OC *qɯŋ) + semantic 心 (“heart”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qɯŋ, *qɯŋs) : phonetic 䧹 (OC *qɯŋ) + semantic 心 (“heart”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qɯŋ, *qɯŋs) : phonetic 䧹 (OC *qɯŋ) + semantic 心 (“heart”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jing¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : èng • Middle-Chinese : 'ing ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jing³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ìn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ìng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : eng • Middle-Chinese : 'ingH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jing³ should; ought to • to consent to; to agree • (literary) perhaps; maybe ‖ to answer; to reply • to permit; to promise • to agree; to echo; to go along with • to handle; to deal with • (of words, etc.) to come true; to be confirmed • to suit; to fit • to accept • (Cantonese) impactful • (Cantonese) exact • 41st tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "response" (𝌮) • (～縣) Ying County (a county of Shuozhou, Shanxi, China) ‖ a surname ‖ Kyūjitai form of 応 ‖ 應 (eumhun 응할 응 (eunghal eung)) ‖ 應 (eumhun 응당(應當) 응) hanja form of 응 (“to answer; to respond”) ‖ hanja form of 응 (“should; ought to”) Hán-Nôm : ứng • Hán-Nôm : ưng • Hán-Nôm : ừng 應
懊 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *quːʔ, *quːɡs, *quɡ) : semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 奧 (OC *quːɡs). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *quːʔ, *quːɡs, *quɡ) : semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 奧 (OC *quːɡs). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *quːʔ, *quːɡs, *quɡ) : semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 奧 (OC *quːɡs). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ou³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : àu • Middle-Chinese : 'awX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ou³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : àu • Middle-Chinese : 'awH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Middle-Chinese : 'juwk ^⁜ vexed; worried; nervous ‖ ^⁜ regret ‖ ^‡ to covet in distress • provoking • irritating • impatient • vexed 懊 • (o) · 懊 • (o) (hangeul 오, revised o, McCune–Reischauer o, Yale o) Hán-Nôm : áo • Hán-Nôm : ảo • Hán-Nôm : úc 懊
懦 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *noːls, *njo) : semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 需 (OC *sno). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : no⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nǒo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nōo • Middle-Chinese : nyu ^⁜ cowardly; weak • soft 懦 • (na, yu) · 懦 • (na, yu) (hangeul 나, 유, revised na, yu, McCune–Reischauer na, yu, Yale na, yu) Hán-Nôm : nhụa 懦
懷 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡruːl) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 褱 (OC *ɡruːl, *ɡruːl, “bosom”). \ Originally written 褱, see there for more. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄞˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huâi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuī • Middle-Chinese : hweaj breast; bosom • (figurative) heart; mind; affection • to carry in one's bosom or on one's body • to harbor in one's mind; to keep in mind; to entertain • to think of; to cherish; to tend to; to remember; to reminisce • (literary) to miss; to long for • (literary or dialectal Mandarin) to be pregnant • (Magong Hokkien) pocket (bag sewn into clothing) • a surname: Huai 懷 • (hoe) · 懷 • (hoe) (hangeul 회, revised hoe, McCune–Reischauer hoe, Yale hoy) Hán-Nôm : hoài 懷
懼 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷas) : semantic 忄 + phonetic 瞿 (OC *kʷas, *ɡʷa). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geoi⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geoi² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khū • Middle-Chinese : gjuH to fear; to be afraid • to scare; to frighten fear • overawed 懼 (eumhun 두려워할 구 (duryeowohal gu)) hanja form of 구 (“fear, be afraid of, dread”) Hán-Nôm : cụ 懼
戀 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *b·rons) : phonetic 䜌 (OC *b·roːn, *b·ron, *b·rons) + semantic 心 (“heart”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luân • Middle-Chinese : ljwenH (literary, or in compounds) to love • (literary, or in compounds) to long for; to yearn for; to feel attached to Kyūjitai form of 恋: attract, love 戀 (eumhun 사모할 련 (samohal ryeon), word-initial (South Korea) 사모할 연 (samohal yeon)) hanja form of 련/연 (“love”) • hanja form of 련/연 (“long for, yearn for”) canonical : 戀: Hán Việt readings: luyến 戀: Nôm readings: luyến • canonical : luýnh chữ Hán form of luyến (“love, fondness (compounds)”). 戀
戈 Pictogram (象形) ― a tool or weapon on a pole, the pole having developed into the long upper-left to lower-right diagonal stroke. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwo¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ko • Hokkien · Tai-lo : koo • Middle-Chinese : kwa (historical) dagger-axe (an ancient Chinese weapon similar to a halberd) • a surname ‖ pike (weapon) ‖ 戈 (eumhun 창 과 (chang gwa)) Hán-Nôm : qua • Hán-Nôm : quơ • Hán-Nôm : quờ 戈
戎 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 盾 (“shield”) + 戈 (“halberd; weapons”) – weaponry, arms. \ ; “you” \ ; “bellicose, warlike” Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiông • Middle-Chinese : nyuwng (literary) arms; armaments • (literary) army; military affairs • (obsolete) you • Used in 戎戎 (róngróng). • Used in 蒙戎. • (historical) a general term for ethnic groups in the west of China • a surname ‖ 戎(えびす) • (Ebisu) warrior • arms • barbarian • Ainu ‖ a surname • alternative spelling of 恵比須 (Ebisu), a Shinto god 戎 • (yung) · 戎 • (yung) (hangeul 융, revised yung, McCune–Reischauer yung, Yale yung) arms • armaments • military affair Hán-Nôm : nhung • Hán-Nôm : nhỏng • Hán-Nôm : nhong • Hán-Nôm : xong • Hán-Nôm : nhùng 戎
截 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zeːd) : phonetic 雀 (OC *ʔsewɢ) + semantic 戈. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zit⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsia̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsue̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tse̍h to cut off; to sever; to slice • to bar; to stop; to obstruct; to block • to close; to end • section • Classifier for sections or lengths of objects. • neat; well-ordered; orderly • Alternative form of 接 (jiē, “to pick up”) • a surname: Jie ‖ 截(せつ) • (setsu) ‖ 截(さい) • (sai) to cut, to sever ‖ section • cut • sever ‖ section • cut • sever 截 (eumhun 끊을 절 (kkeuneul jeol)) hanja form of 절 (“sever”) Hán-Nôm : tiệt • Hán-Nôm : sịt • Hán-Nôm : tét • Hán-Nôm : tĩu 截
戰 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjans) : phonetic 單 (OC *taːn, *djan, *djanʔ, *djans) + semantic 戈 (“halberd”) – battling with a halberd. \ Benedict (1972) thinks it a cognate to Tibetan རལ་གྲི (ral gri, “sword”), Mizo râl (“enemy”), both from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *g-raːl ~ *g-ran ~ *ray (“enemy, quarrel, strife, fight, war, sword”), yet Schuessler (2007) thinks it unlikely that Old Chinese *t- corresponds to Tibeto-Burman *r-. \ Instead he proposes that "war, battle" is semantically extended from "tremble, fear" and so 戰 (OC *tjans) is cognate with 憚 (OC *daːns) (ibid.); STEDT in turn derives them both from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dar ~ d(u/i)r (“tremble, shiver”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiàn • Middle-Chinese : tsyenH to fight a battle; to go to war • war; battle; fight • to tremble; to shiver • a surname: Zhan fighting, battle 戰 (eumhun 싸울 전 (ssaul jeon)) hanja form of 전 (“fight”) canonical : 戰: Hán Việt readings: chiến 戰: Nôm readings: chiến • canonical : chén • canonical : chuyến chữ Hán form of chiến (“war, conflict”). 戰
戲 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰral, *qʰrals, *qʰaː) : phonetic 䖒 () + semantic 戈 (“halberd”), originally referring to the wing or flank of an army. \ Cognate with 嘕 (OC *qʰran, “to laugh”), Tibetan ཀྱལ་ཀ (kyal ka, “joke; jest; trick”), Mizo khâl (“to play with”), Mizo inkhêl (“to gamble; to play”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰral, *qʰrals, *qʰaː) : phonetic 䖒 () + semantic 戈 (“halberd”), originally referring to the wing or flank of an army. \ Cognate with 嘕 (OC *qʰran, “to laugh”), Tibetan ཀྱལ་ཀ (kyal ka, “joke; jest; trick”), Mizo khâl (“to play with”), Mizo inkhêl (“to gamble; to play”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰral, *qʰrals, *qʰaː) : phonetic 䖒 () + semantic 戈 (“halberd”), originally referring to the wing or flank of an army. \ Cognate with 嘕 (OC *qʰran, “to laugh”), Tibetan ཀྱལ་ཀ (kyal ka, “joke; jest; trick”), Mizo khâl (“to play with”), Mizo inkhêl (“to gamble; to play”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰral, *qʰrals, *qʰaː) : phonetic 䖒 () + semantic 戈 (“halberd”), originally referring to the wing or flank of an army. \ Cognate with 嘕 (OC *qʰran, “to laugh”), Tibetan ཀྱལ་ཀ (kyal ka, “joke; jest; trick”), Mizo khâl (“to play with”), Mizo inkhêl (“to gamble; to play”) (Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hì • Middle-Chinese : xjeH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu¹ • Middle-Chinese : xu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Middle-Chinese : xje ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧ to play; to amuse; to have fun • to tease; to chaff • theatrical play; show; theater; opera (Classifier: 齣／出; 部 m) • (dialectal) movie; film (Classifier: 齣／出 c; 套 c) • (Cantonese) scene (Classifier: 場／场 c) • (figurative) interesting part; hope ‖ Alternative form of 呼 (“to shout”), only used in 於戲／於戏 (wūhū). ‖ ^† slanting ‖ Only used in 戲氏阪／戏氏阪. 戲 (eumhun 놀이 희 (nori hui)) · 戲 (eumhun 희롱할 희 (huironghal hui)) ‖ 戲 (eumhun 서러울 호 (seoreoul ho)) · 戲 (eumhun 탄식할 호 (tansikhal ho)) ‖ 戲 (eumhun 기 휘 (gi hwi)) hanja form of 희 (“play”) ‖ (literary Chinese) Alternative form of 呼 (“hanja form of 호 (“shout; sigh”)”) ‖ (literary Chinese) Alternative form of 麾 (“hanja form of 휘 (“banner”)”) Hán-Nôm : hí • Hán-Nôm : hé • Hán-Nôm : hi • Hán-Nôm : hô 戲
戳 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coek³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cok³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoek³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshok to thrust; to poke • stamp; seal • (dialectal) to fuck; to have sex with 戳 • (chak) · 戳 • (chak) (hangeul 착, revised chak, McCune–Reischauer ch'ak, Yale chak) Hán-Nôm : chạc • Hán-Nôm : trộ 戳
扁 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 戶 (“door”) + 冊 (“bamboo tablets”) – to inscribe on the door. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pyar (“flat, thin”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 戶 (“door”) + 冊 (“bamboo tablets”) – to inscribe on the door. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pyar (“flat, thin”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007). Cantonese · Jyutping : bin² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pián • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pínn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pín • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pún • Middle-Chinese : penX • Middle-Chinese : bjienX • Middle-Chinese : benX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pin¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phian • Middle-Chinese : phjien flat and thin (like a pancake) • to inscribe on the door • to curl one's lips • to underestimate; to underrate • (dialectal) to beat; to give someone a good beating • (dialectal) to hide in the waist • Original form of 匾 (biǎn, “horizontal inscribed board; tablet; signboard”). • a surname ‖ small; little; narrow • Alternative form of 偏 (piān, “out-of-the-way; remote; one-sided”) flat (adjective) 扁 (eumhun 작을 편 (jageul pyeon)) hanja form of 편 (“small; flat”) canonical : 扁: Hán Việt readings: biển • canonical : thiên • canonical : biên 扁: Nôm readings: biển • canonical : bên • canonical : bẽn chữ Hán form of biển (“flat, thin”). 扁
扉 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pɯl) : semantic 戶 + phonetic 非 (OC *pɯl). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hui • Middle-Chinese : pj+j door panel; door leaf • door-like thing ‖ 扉(とびら) • (tobira) ‖ a door (moving part of a hinged door that swings out or in, as opposed to a sliding door or the doorway as a whole) • (by extension) a title page • (figuratively) an entrance to something 扉 • (bi) · 扉 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi, Yale pi) canonical : 扉: Hán Việt readings: phi 扉: Nôm readings: phi chữ Hán form of phi (“entry gate”). • Nôm form of phi (“preface”). 扉
扎 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sqriːd) : semantic 手 + phonetic 乙 (OC *qriɡ). Cantonese · Jyutping : zaat³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaap³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsat • Middle-Chinese : tsreat Alternative form of 札 • Alternative form of 札 · (Classical) to pull • to stab; to prick; to puncture • to tie; to fasten; to bundle • to be stationed; to be quartered (of troops) • (loanword) Classifier for jars. 扎 (eum 찰 (chal)) Hán-Nôm : trát 扎
扒 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *preːds, *preːd, *pred) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 八 (OC *preːd). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *preːds, *preːd, *pred) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 八 (OC *preːd). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *preːds, *preːd, *pred) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 八 (OC *preːd). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *preːds, *preːd, *pred) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 八 (OC *preːd). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *preːds, *preːd, *pred) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 八 (OC *preːd). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baat³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : peh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pa • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pha • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pá • Middle-Chinese : peajH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paa⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pha • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pa ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paa¹ • Middle-Chinese : pjet ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄞˋ • Middle-Chinese : peat ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paa⁴⁻² to hold on to; to cling to • to dig up; to tear down • to push aside • to strip off; to take off ‖ to gather up; to rake up • to pickpocket • to braise • to climb • to lie prone; to crouch down • (regional) to scratch ‖ to divide ‖ to pull up • to rescue ‖ (chiefly Cantonese) steak; slab of meat scratch • dig up • crawl, crouch 扒 • (bae) · 扒 • (bae) (hangeul 배) Hán-Nôm : bắt • Hán-Nôm : bái • Hán-Nôm : bát • Hán-Nôm : bớt • Hán-Nôm : bít • Hán-Nôm : vát • Hán-Nôm : xẹp 扒
扔 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njɯŋ, *njɯŋs) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 乃 (OC *nɯːʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njɯŋ, *njɯŋs) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 乃 (OC *nɯːʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jing⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wing¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jîng • Middle-Chinese : nying ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄥˋ • Middle-Chinese : nyingH to throw • to throw away • a surname ‖ to pull; to draw • to destroy throw • hurl • throw away • cast Hán-Nôm : nẫy • Hán-Nôm : nhưng • Hán-Nôm : nảy • Hán-Nôm : nẩy • Hán-Nôm : nới 扔
扛 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kroːŋ) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 工 (OC *koːŋ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kroːŋ) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 工 (OC *koːŋ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gong¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kng • Middle-Chinese : kaewng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gong¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kng to lift using both hands • to lift by at least two people ‖ to shoulder; to carry on shoulders • to contradict 扛 (eum 강 (gang)) Hán-Nôm : giăng • Hán-Nôm : giang • Hán-Nôm : căng • Hán-Nôm : dăng • Hán-Nôm : giằng • Hán-Nôm : dàng • Hán-Nôm : giương • Hán-Nôm : gồng • Hán-Nôm : khiêng 扛
扣 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰoːʔ, *kʰoːs) : semantic 手 + phonetic 口 (OC *kʰoːʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kau³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄡˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khòo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khàu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khau • Middle-Chinese : khuwX • Middle-Chinese : khuwH to hold; to restrain; to grab (a horse) • to rap; to strike; to pound • to detain; to arrest • to button; to fasten a button; to buckle; to clasp • button (knob or small disc serving as a fastener) • knot • to subtract; to deduct (money, points, etc.) • to accord with; to tally with; to conform to • Classifier for discount. • Alternative form of 叩 (kòu, “to knock; to strike”) • a surname: Kou 扣 (eumhun 두드릴 구 (dudeuril gu)) ‖ 扣 (eumhun 두드릴 고 (dudeuril go)) ‖ Hán-Nôm : khấu • Hán-Nôm : khẩu • Hán-Nôm : khâu • Hán-Nôm : kháu 扣
扭 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *nuʔ, *tnuʔ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 丑 (OC *n̥ʰuʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄡˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nau² • Cantonese · Jyutping : nau⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : niú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngiú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : láu • Middle-Chinese : nrjuwX • Middle-Chinese : trjuwX to turn around • to twist; to wrench • to sprain • to swing (one's body) • to seize; to grapple with • crooked; not straight turn • twist • wrench • seize • grasp Hán-Nôm : nữu • Hán-Nôm : níu • Hán-Nôm : nửu 扭
扮 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *prɯːns, *hmroːlʔ, *pɯn, *pɯnʔ) : semantic 扌 + phonetic 分 (OC *pɯn, *bɯns). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *prɯːns, *hmroːlʔ, *pɯn, *pɯnʔ) : semantic 扌 + phonetic 分 (OC *pɯn, *bɯns). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *prɯːns, *hmroːlʔ, *pɯn, *pɯnʔ) : semantic 扌 + phonetic 分 (OC *pɯn, *bɯns). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *prɯːns, *hmroːlʔ, *pɯn, *pɯnʔ) : semantic 扌 + phonetic 分 (OC *pɯn, *bɯns). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baan⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baan³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pān • Middle-Chinese : peanH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣˇ • Middle-Chinese : pjunX • Middle-Chinese : bjunX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣ • Middle-Chinese : pjun ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄛˇ • Middle-Chinese : xweaX to dress up; to disguise oneself • to act; to play • to put on an expression; to make faces • (Cantonese) to pretend; to feign ‖ (literary) to hold • (literary) to merge • (literary) to agitate ‖ ^‡ to dig ‖ ^‡ messy ‖ dress-up, disguise ‖ to dress up in a disguise, to disguise oneself • to put on a costume, to play a role 扮 • (bun, ban) · 扮 • (bun, ban) (hangeul 분, 반, revised bun, ban, McCune–Reischauer pun, pan, Yale pun, pan) Hán-Nôm : phẫn 扮
扯 Originally written as 撦. Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰjaːʔ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 止 (OC *kjɯʔ). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄜˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshé • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiá • Middle-Chinese : tsyhaeX ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : ce² to pull; to tug (usually something that is flexible) • to tear • to talk casually; to chat • ridiculous; crazy • (dialectal, of weather) to fall; to have • (dialectal) to play (a stringed instrument) • (Cantonese) to raise by pulling; to hoist • (Cantonese) to breathe; to puff; to suck in • (Cantonese) Short for 扯旗 (“to have an erection”). ‖ (Cantonese) to leave • (Cantonese) away 扯 • (cha) · 扯 • (cha) (hangeul 차, revised cha, McCune–Reischauer ch'a, Yale cha) Hán-Nôm : chải • Hán-Nôm : xả • Hán-Nôm : chẻ • Hán-Nôm : giẫy • Hán-Nôm : xới • Hán-Nôm : chỉ • Hán-Nôm : xé • Hán-Nôm : xẻ • Hán-Nôm : xởi 扯
扳 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baan² • Cantonese · Jyutping : baan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pian • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pán • Middle-Chinese : paen ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paan¹ • Middle-Chinese : phaen to pull; to turn • to win back • (literary, or in compounds) to debate; to dispute • (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) to grip something tightly ‖ Alternative form of 攀 (pān, “to climb; to pull”) 扳 • (ban) · 扳 • (ban) (hangeul 반, revised ban, McCune–Reischauer pan, Yale pan) Hán-Nôm : bẳn • Hán-Nôm : ban • Hán-Nôm : bản • Hán-Nôm : bắn 扳
扼 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qreːɡ) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 厄 (OC *qreːɡ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ak¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aak¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : i̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ik to grasp; to clutch • to guard; to control • to choke; to strangle • Alternative form of 軛／轭 (è, “yoke”) command • dominate • prevent • obstruct 扼 • (aek) · 扼 • (aek) (hangeul 액, revised aek, McCune–Reischauer aek, Yale ayk) Hán-Nôm : ách 扼
找 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsruːʔ) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 戈 (OC *koːl). \ Originally a variant form of 划. Borrowed to mean a similar action. \ The popular interpretation as a hand (扌) looking for a halberd (戈) is a mnemonic and not the origin of the character. \ Both “to seek” and “to give change” senses are attested since the Ming dynasty. The etymology is uncertain and it is unclear whether both senses are of the same origin. Compare 爪 (zhuǎ) and 抓 (zhuā). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄠˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsǎu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsáu to look for; to seek • to ask for somebody; to call on somebody • to give change • to make up (a deficiency) • (Northern Wu, specifically) to look for; to search for (a job, a partner, etc to look for • to seek • to make change 找 (eumhun 채울 조 (chae'ul jo)) · 找 (eumhun 삿대질할 화 (satdaejilhal hwa)) Hán-Nôm : trảo • Hán-Nôm : hoa • Hán-Nôm : quơ • Hán-Nôm : chết • Hán-Nôm : triễu 找
抒 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljaʔ, *hlja, *ɦljaʔ) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 予 (OC *la, *laʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : su • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sǐr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thí • Middle-Chinese : zjoX • Middle-Chinese : zyoX to express; to convey • to eliminate; to relieve 抒 • (seo, jeo) · 抒 • (seo, jeo) (hangeul 서, 저, revised seo, jeo, McCune–Reischauer sŏ, chŏ, Yale se, ce) Hán-Nôm : trữ 抒
抓 Cantonese · Jyutping : zaau² • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄚ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsua • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiàu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : giàu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liàu • Middle-Chinese : tsraew • Middle-Chinese : tsraewX • Middle-Chinese : tsraewH to grab • to scratch (with nails, claws, etc.) • to be responsible for; to be in charge of • to attract (the attention of someone or something); to entice; to allure; to draw; to fascinate; to appeal to • to catch; to capture • to arrest 抓 • (jo) · 抓 • (jo) (hangeul 조) Hán-Nôm : co • Hán-Nôm : trảo 抓
抖 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄡˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tió • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiō • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tóo • Middle-Chinese : tuwX to shake; to tremble • to shake; to fling one's arm; to lash; to swing • to expose; to reveal • to stir up; to enliven shake • jiggle 抖 • (du) · 抖 • (du) (hangeul 두, revised du, McCune–Reischauer tu, Yale twu) tremble, shake, rouse • give shake Hán-Nôm : đẩu • Hán-Nôm : kéo 抖
抬 Considered a 後起字／后起字 (hòuqǐzì). Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯː) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 台 (OC *l̥ʰɯː, *l'ɯː, *l'ɯː, *lɯ) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : toi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thâi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thai • Middle-Chinese : doj to lift; to heave • (of many people) to carry • (figurative, colloquial) to argue for the sake of arguing or for no reason; to bicker • Classifier for things carried by several people. 抬 (eum 태 (tae)) Hán-Nôm : đài 抬
拄 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *toʔ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 主 (OC *tjoʔ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *duːŋ (“post; column”). Cognate with 柱 (OC *toʔ, *doʔ, “post; column”); see there for more. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tú • Middle-Chinese : trjuX to prop; to support • to lean on; to be propped up (with a stick, etc.) • (archaic) to open (one's eyes) • (literary or Hokkien, Eastern Min) to ridicule; to retort; to talk back • (archaic or Eastern Min) to prod; to poke • (literary) to block; to plug • (Hokkien) to equal; to be able to exchange one for another • (Hokkien) to cancel out • (Hokkien) to meet; to encounter • (Hokkien) just; just now; a moment ago • (Quanzhou Hokkien) to give change 拄 • (ju) · 拄 • (ju) (hangeul 주, revised ju, McCune–Reischauer chu, Yale cwu) Hán-Nôm : chủ • Hán-Nôm : trụ • Hán-Nôm : chỏ • Hán-Nôm : chõ 拄
拆 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tŋ̊ʰraːɡ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 斥 (OC *ŋ̊ʰjaːɡs, *ŋ̊ʰjaːɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tŋ̊ʰraːɡ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 斥 (OC *ŋ̊ʰjaːɡs, *ŋ̊ʰjaːɡ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄞ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄜˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄚ to take apart; to dismantle • to demolish; to destroy • (Cantonese) to solve (a problem) • (Cantonese, of one's voice) hoarse • (Hokkien) to purchase; to buy (tickets, medicine, etc.) • (Hokkien) to tear ‖ (dialectal) to excrete 拆 (eum 탁 (tak)) Hán-Nôm : sách 拆
拇 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mɯʔ) : semantic 扌 + phonetic 母 (OC *mɯʔ). \ Sino-Tibetan; compare Proto-Loloish *C-ma³ (“thumb”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ Possibly related to 母 (OC *mɯʔ, “mother”); compare Proto-Loloish *C-ma³ (“female suffix”), *ʔəC-ma³ (“mother”), Zhuang mehfwngz (“thumb”), derived from meh (“mother”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mou⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bió • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bó • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bú • Middle-Chinese : muwX (anatomy) thumb • (anatomy) big toe thumb 拇 (eum 무 (mu)) thumb • big toe Hán-Nôm : mẫu 拇
拌 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pun³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bun⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pun¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puǎnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puānn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puǎn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puān • Middle-Chinese : phan • Middle-Chinese : banX to mix; to stir; to blend • to argue; to quarrel • (Hakka) to cast; to throw; to fling; to cause to fall and break; to break 拌 • (ban) · 拌 • (ban) (hangeul 반, revised ban, McCune–Reischauer pan, Yale pan) Hán-Nôm : bắn • Hán-Nôm : phan • Hán-Nôm : bạn 拌
拖 Variant form of 拕／拖 (tuō), phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰaːl, *l̥ʰaːls) : semantic 手 + phonetic 它 (OC *l̥ʰaːl). Cantonese · Jyutping : to¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄛ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thua • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tho • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thoo • Middle-Chinese : thaH to drag; to tow; to haul • to mop • to droop; to dangle; to hang down; to sag • to hold hands • to delay; to put off; to procrastinate; to adjourn; to defer; to prolong • to sustain (a sound) • to pin down; to tie up; to check (e.g. the enemy forces); to encumber • Short for 拖鞋 (tuōxié, “flip-flops; slippers”). • (Cantonese, slang) fight • a surname: Tuo 拖 (eumhun 끌 타 (kkeul ta)) hanja form of 타 (“to drag”) Hán-Nôm : đà • Hán-Nôm : đớ • Hán-Nôm : đợ • Hán-Nôm : đỡ • Hán-Nôm : tha • Hán-Nôm : đoa • Hán-Nôm : đòa • Hán-Nôm : đoà 拖
拗 ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ Unclear. Zhang (1993) suggests that it might ultimately be derived from a contraction of 勿 + 要. Compare also 勿要, 𧟰. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aau³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : áu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : auh • Middle-Chinese : 'aewX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄡˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : juk⁶ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : aau³ ‖ to defy; to disobey • hard to read ‖ (dialectal) to bend; twist as to break • (Hakka) to pluck; to pick (flowers, fruits, leaves, etc.) • (Hokkien) to fold ‖ stubborn; obstinate ‖ to suppress; to repress ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 詏／𬣦 (“to argue; to dispute”) ‖ do not • do not want • do not need to • To indicate an undesirably or unexpectedly large degree or amount. • To indicate that an action or circumstance is undesirable to the speaker. 拗 • (yo) · 拗 • (yo) (hangeul 요, revised yo, McCune–Reischauer yo, Yale yo) Hán-Nôm : húc • Hán-Nôm : ao • Hán-Nôm : áo • Hán-Nôm : ảo • Hán-Nôm : nữu 拗
拯 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kljɯŋʔ) : semantic 手 + phonetic 丞 (OC *ɡljɯŋ, *ɡljɯŋs). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-tjaŋ (“upper part; to rise; to raise”). Related to 承 (OC *ɡljɯŋ, “to receive”), 烝 (OC *kljɯŋ, “to offer (gifts, sacrifices, etc.)”), 登 (OC *tɯːŋ, “to mount; to rise”), 升 (OC *hljɯŋ, “to rise”) (Schuessler, 2007; Sagart and Baxter, 2012). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsín • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsíng • Middle-Chinese : tsyingX to rescue; to save; to aid • (literary) to lift; to raise help 拯 • (jeung) · 拯 • (jeung) (hangeul 증, revised jeung, McCune–Reischauer chŭng, Yale cung) help, save, aid • lift, raise Hán-Nôm : chửng 拯: Nôm readings: chẳng • Hán-Nôm : chăng • Hán-Nôm : chuộng ‖ ‖ No, not, negative particle. 拯
拱 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kloŋʔ) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 共 (OC *kloŋ, *ɡloŋs). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gung² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kíng • Middle-Chinese : kjowngX to fold the hands in front of the breast • to bow; to salute • to surround; to encircle • (archaic) area enclosed by the arms • to push upwards or outwards • to sprout • to arch • arched arch • fold arms 拱 • (gong) · 拱 • (gong) (hangeul 공, revised gong, McCune–Reischauer kong, Yale kong) fold hands on breast • bow, salute Hán-Nôm : cõng 拱
拴 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sroːn, *sʰlon) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 全 (OC *zlon). Cantonese · Jyutping : saan¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suinn • Middle-Chinese : tshjwen to tie; to bind; to fasten (especially with rope) • Alternative form of 栓 (shuān, “bolt”) Hán-Nôm : thuyên 拴
拼 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *preːŋ) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 并 (OC *peŋ, *peŋs). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ping³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ping¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phìng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ping • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piànn • Middle-Chinese : peang to order; to command • to accompany; to follow • to join together; to put together • to spell (in writing) • to be ready to risk one's life; to go all out; to disregard • to enjoy together; to share • (Hokkien) to fight; to quarrel; to compete to order; to command • to accompany; to follow • to join together; to put together • to spell • to be ready to risk one's life; to go all out; to disregard 拼 • (byeong) · 拼 • (byeong) (hangeul 병) Hán-Nôm : phanh • Hán-Nôm : bính 拼
拽 ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ Possibly a contraction of 遮的 (chia-ê / chiâ-ê / chiah-ê). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jai⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄞˋ • Middle-Chinese : dzrweaj ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄞ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄞˇ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuâi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuai Alternative form of 曳 (yè, “to drag; to tow”) ‖ to drag ‖ (dialectal Mandarin) to throw ‖ to act pretentiously; to show off; to be arrogant, cocky, self-confident, cool, stylish, etc. • (Myanmar) viss (Burmese unit of weight) ‖ (Hokkien) these 拽 • (ye) · 拽 • (ye) (hangeul 예, revised ye, McCune–Reischauer ye, Yale yey) Hán-Nôm : dìa • Hán-Nôm : duệ • Hán-Nôm : dấy 拽
拿 Compound of 合手. \ A later alternative glyph of 拏／拿 (ná) and 挐 for senses related to “to take with hand”. Originally regarded as unorthodox by Zhengzitong and Zihui. Cantonese · Jyutping : naa⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄚˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ná • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nâ to take; to hold; to grasp • to seize; to capture • to have a firm grasp of • to deliberately make things difficult for; to coerce • to get; to receive • to act; to pretend • by means of; with; by • used to introduce the target of a following verb phrase • (Cantonese) Alternative form of 嗱 • (Northern Wu, Northern Min) particle introducing the object of the verb 拿 (eumhun 잡을 나 (jabeul na)) hanja form of 나 (“to take”) Hán-Nôm : nã • Hán-Nôm : nạ • Hán-Nôm : nả • Hán-Nôm : nà 拿
按 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qaːns) : semantic 扌 + phonetic 安 (OC *qaːn). \ Exoactive of 安 (OC *qaːn, “be calm”), lit. "cause to be settled, calmed". Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : on³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : àn • Middle-Chinese : 'anH to push (with hands); to press • to put aside • to restrain • to check against something, chiefly a text • to make comments; to write notes • according to; referring to; following • (Malaysia, Singapore) to withdraw (money) • (Cantonese) to mortgage • (Hokkien) to estimate; to evaluate; to assess; to figure; to suppose; to reckon; to plan • (Hokkien) to pawn; to borrow money while depositing an item as collateral from a pawnshop or someone for later payment • (Hokkien) from (place or time); by; since ‖ 按(あん) • (an) ‖ push (with hands); press • examine; investigate 按 • (an, al) · 按 • (an, al) (hangeul 안, 알, revised an, al, McCune–Reischauer an, al, Yale an, al) Hán-Nôm : án • Hán-Nôm : ấn • Hán-Nôm : ướn 按
挖 ‖ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : waat³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waa¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄚ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uih • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ueh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ua ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : óo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ué ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : iah to dig; to dig out; to gouge out; to scoop • (figurative) to explore; to discover; to go deep into • (Hokkien) to uncover; to unveil; to expose; to reveal ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 摀／𰓆 (“to dig”) ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 搤 (iah, “to dig”) Hán-Nôm : oạt 挖
挪 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : no⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : noo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nôo • Middle-Chinese : na to move; to shift on one side 挪 • (na) · 挪 • (na) (hangeul 나, revised na, McCune–Reischauer na, Yale na) Hán-Nôm : ná • Hán-Nôm : na 挪
挺 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'eːŋ, *l'eːŋʔ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 廷 (OC *l'eːŋ, *l'eːŋʔ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(p/b)ljaŋ (“straight; straighten”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2003, 2007). \ The intensifier usage “quite; very” is most likely a grammaticalized usage from “outstanding; prominent” (Liu, 2008; Yang, 2021). Alternatively, it may be from Manchu ᡨᡝᠨ (ten, “extreme”) (Aixinjueluo, 1993). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄥˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thánn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thínn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thíng • Middle-Chinese : deng • Middle-Chinese : dengX ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : ting⁴⁻² straight; erect • to stick out; to straighten up • to endure; to stand • to support • outstanding; prominent • (chiefly Mandarin, Jin, colloquial) quite; rather; pretty; very • Classifier for machine guns. ‖ (Cantonese) kind; sort; type ‖ 挺(ちょう) • (-chō) ‖ long and narrow things such as guns, scissors, candles, inksticks 挺 • (jeong) · 挺 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng, Yale ceng) Hán-Nôm : đĩnh 挺
挽 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *monʔ) : semantic 扌 + phonetic 免 (OC *mronʔ). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waan⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : buán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bán • Middle-Chinese : mjonX ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : waan² to pull • to pull back; to draw back • (alt. form 輓／挽) to grieve; to mourn; to lament (a person's death) • to save (damages, reputation, lost fortune, etc.); to recover; to reverse • (alt. form 綰／绾) to roll up; to coil • (Southern Min) to pluck; to pick ‖ (Hong Kong Cantonese, Internet slang, leetspeak) Alternative form of 玩 (waan4-2) 挽 • (man) · 挽 • (man) (hangeul 만) Hán-Nôm : vãn 挽
捂 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːs) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 吾 (OC *ŋraː, *ŋaː). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ng⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngōo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : onn • Middle-Chinese : nguH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˊ to cover ‖ Only used in 枝捂. 捂 • (o) · 捂 • (o) (hangeul 오, revised o, McCune–Reischauer o, Yale o) Hán-Nôm : ô 捂
捆 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰuːnʔ) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 困 (OC *kʰuːns). Cantonese · Jyutping : kwan² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄣˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khún to tie up; to bind; to truss • bundle; bunch • Classifier for bundled items. tie up • bind • truss up • bundle 捆 • (gon) · 捆 • (gon) (hangeul 곤) tie up • bind • truss up • bundle Hán-Nôm : khổn 捆
捎 ‖ ‖ Cognate to 消 (OC *sew, “to disappear”) (Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄠ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sa • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sau • Middle-Chinese : sraew ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄠˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : siu¹ • Middle-Chinese : sjew to take something to somebody; to bring; to give; to deliver • (Eastern Min, Hokkien) to take; to grab; to seize; to grope; to snatch • (Eastern Min) to search • (Eastern Min) to dredge or scoop out of water indiscriminately • (Eastern Min, of words) harsh, unforgiving • (Matsu Eastern Eastern Min) to stir thoroughly • (literary) to brush; to stroke; to touch lightly • (literary) to lift up; to raise up • (literary) to cut off; to excise ‖ (colloquial, chiefly of livestock, vehicles, etc.) to move backwards • (colloquial, of colour) to fade ‖ to eliminate 捎 • (so) · 捎 • (so) (hangeul 소, revised so, McCune–Reischauer so, Yale so) Hán-Nôm : sao 捎
捏 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *niːɡ) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + abbreviated phonetic 涅 (OC *niːɡ). ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄝ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lia̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ni̍h • Middle-Chinese : net ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tīnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tēnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tenn ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : lia̍p • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liap to pick with fingers; to pinch • to clench; to hold in the hand; to grip • to knead • to mold; to bring together • ^† to fabricate; to concoct; to make up • (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) to press down with one's fingers ‖ (Southern Min) to grasp tightly; to squeeze • (Hokkien, Teochew) to pinch • (Hainanese) to hold (a pen, chopsticks, etc.) • (Malaysian and Singapore Hokkien) to press ‖ (Hokkien) to mold; to knead; to press with one's fingers into certain shapes (of soft objects) • (Hokkien, by extension) to bring up with great pains; to rear with difficulty (a child) • (Hokkien, figurative) to fabricate; to concoct; to make up (something false) • (Mainland China Hokkien, by extension) to do; to be engaged in (especially something negative) • (Taiwanese Hokkien) to fiddle with one's fingers • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to pick with fingers; to pinch • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to make it together • (Hokkien) a surname knead; mix 捏 (eumhun 꾸밀 날 (kkumil nal)) hanja form of 날 (“knead”) Hán-Nôm : nát • Hán-Nôm : nạt • Hán-Nôm : nhét • Hán-Nôm : niết 捏
捐 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷen) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 肙 (OC *qʷeːns). \ The pronunciations in many varieties with velar plosive or palatal affricate initial are from 蠲 (MC kwen) (Li, 1988). ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iân • Middle-Chinese : ywen ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢˊ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : gyun¹ to contribute • to give up; to renounce • to remove • to donate • to spend • tax • to dissipate ‖ Only used in 捐毒 (Yuándú). ‖ (Cantonese) to burrow; to writhe through 捐 • (yeon) · 捐 • (yeon) (hangeul 연, revised yeon, McCune–Reischauer yŏn, Yale yen) Hán-Nôm : quyên • Hán-Nôm : quen • Hán-Nôm : quên 捐
捧 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pung² • Cantonese · Jyutping : bung² • Cantonese · Jyutping : fung² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phóng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phâng • Middle-Chinese : phjowngX to hold up in two hands • to compliment; to exalt; to flatter • Classifier for double handfuls of something. ‖ 捧(ささげ) • (Sasage) to give, dedicate ‖ a surname 捧 • (bong) · 捧 • (bong) (hangeul 봉) Hán-Nôm : bổng • Hán-Nôm : bồng • Hán-Nôm : phủng 捧
捶 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjolʔ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 垂 (OC *djol). Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄟˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuî • Middle-Chinese : tsyweX to strike (with a stick); to beat (with the fists); to lash • to pound 捶 • (chu) · 捶 • (chu) (hangeul 추, revised chu, McCune–Reischauer ch'u, Yale chwu) Hán-Nôm : chúi • Hán-Nôm : chúy • Hán-Nôm : chuý • Hán-Nôm : chùy • Hán-Nôm : chuỳ • Hán-Nôm : dồi • Hán-Nôm : thùy • Hán-Nôm : thuỳ • Hán-Nôm : trùy • Hán-Nôm : truỳ 捶
捷 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zeb) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 疌 (OC *zeb). \ Austroasiatic; compare Khmer ចាប់ (cap, “to catch, capture, seize, grasp, get”), Chong [script needed] (chap) & Pear [script needed] (chap, “catch”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ Related to 妾 (OC *sʰeb, “slave woman, concubine”) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zeb) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 疌 (OC *zeb). \ Austroasiatic; compare Khmer ចាប់ (cap, “to catch, capture, seize, grasp, get”), Chong [script needed] (chap) & Pear [script needed] (chap, “catch”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ Related to 妾 (OC *sʰeb, “slave woman, concubine”) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zeb) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 疌 (OC *zeb). \ Austroasiatic; compare Khmer ចាប់ (cap, “to catch, capture, seize, grasp, get”), Chong [script needed] (chap) & Pear [script needed] (chap, “catch”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ Related to 妾 (OC *sʰeb, “slave woman, concubine”) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zit⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zit³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsia̍p • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsia̍t • Middle-Chinese : dzjep ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄝˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄚ to win; to be victorious; to succeed • quick; fast; rapid; swift; nimble; agile • (Hokkien) frequent • spoils of war • to reach ‖ Only used in 捷捷 (qièqiè). ‖ Alternative form of 插 (chā, “to insert; to stick into”) Quick, fast, rapid (はや-い) • Victory, conquest, success (しょうり) 捷 • (cheop) · 捷 • (cheop) (hangeul 첩, revised cheop, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏp, Yale chep) To be quick; to win. Hán-Nôm : tiệp • Hán-Nôm : tẹp 捷
掀 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰan) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 欣 (OC *qʰɯn). Cantonese · Jyutping : hin¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hin³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hian • Middle-Chinese : xjon to raise; to lift (a cover, curtain, etc.) • to rock; to flip over; to topple • to expose; to reveal 掀 • (heun) · 掀 • (heun) (hangeul 흔, revised heun, McCune–Reischauer hŭn, Yale hun) Hán-Nôm : hiên 掀
掉 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *deːwʔ, *deːwɢs, *rneːwɢ) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 卓 (OC *rteːwɢ). Cantonese · Jyutping : diu⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : deu⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaau⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiō • Middle-Chinese : dewX • Middle-Chinese : dewH • Middle-Chinese : nraewk to drop; to fall • to lose; to part • to shake; to wag; to swing • to turn; to move • (dialectal, intransitive) to be missing; to be lost • (Cantonese, Teochew) to throw; to toss • (Cantonese, Teochew) to toss out; to dispose of; to discard • Used along with a verb to indicate completion, usually together with 了 (le); or to indicate imperative mood. • (Mainland China Hokkien) to shake; to shiver 掉 (eum 도 (do)) Hán-Nôm : trao • Hán-Nôm : chèo • Hán-Nôm : điệu • Hán-Nôm : sạo • Hán-Nôm : trạo • Hán-Nôm : tráo 掉
掏 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰuː, *l'uː) : phonetic 匋 (OC *bl'uː) + semantic 扌 (“hand”) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tou⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tou¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thoo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tho • Middle-Chinese : daw to take out • to fish out (from a bag or pocket) • to dig • (Eastern Min) to take 掏 (eum 도 (do)) Hán-Nôm : đào 掏
掩 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qromʔ) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 奄 (OC *qromʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : am • Hokkien · Tai-lo : om • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iám • Middle-Chinese : 'jemX to cover • to hide; to conceal; to cover up • to close; to shut • (Cantonese) to close partially • (colloquial) to get pinched; to get caught • (literary, or in compounds) to ambush cover • conceal 掩 • (eom) · 掩 • (eom) (hangeul 엄, revised eom, McCune–Reischauer ŏm, Yale em) Hán-Nôm : ém 掩
揉 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mju) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 柔 (OC *mlju). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiû • Middle-Chinese : nyuw to knead; to rub; to massage • to crush by hand 揉 • (yu) · 揉 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu, Yale yu) Hán-Nôm : nhu 揉
揍 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zau³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsòo to hit; to beat; to strike • (colloquial) to break; to smash to break by falling Hán-Nôm : tẩu • Hán-Nôm : tấu 揍
插 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caap³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshap • Middle-Chinese : tsrheap to stick into; to insert; to poke; to pierce • to interpose; to insert; to cut in • to participate; to take part in; to mix; to mingle • (literary) to plant • (Cantonese) to scold; to criticize • (Eastern Min, Hokkien, Singapore Teochew) to take notice of; to pay attention to; to heed • (Southern Min) to support someone by the armpit • (Hokkien) to interfere; to intervene; to meddle • (Mainland China Hokkien) to pin something to one's waist, etc. • (Mainland China Hokkien) to mix up; to jumble up • (Mainland China Hokkien, card games) to shuffle • (Taiwanese Hokkien) to bet; to wager • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to kidnap (for ransom) • Alternative form of 鍤／锸 (chā, “spade; shovel”) 插 • (sap) · 插 • (sap) (hangeul 삽, revised sap, McCune–Reischauer sap, Yale sap) Hán-Nôm : sáp 插
揣 Characters in the same phonetic series (耑) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *toːlʔ, *sʰrolʔ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 耑 (OC *toːn). ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄞˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi² • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshué • Middle-Chinese : tsrhjweX ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshēr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshěr ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄛˇ • Middle-Chinese : twaX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄞˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄞˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄞ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄞˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄟ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄢˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tyun⁴ to speculate; to guess • to measure; to estimate; to assess • to try; to attempt • to hold; to grab • a surname ‖ (Southern Min, Puxian Min, dialectal Eastern Min) to look for; to seek ‖ (Hakka) to guess ‖ to measure, to estimate • to shake, to rock ‖ Only used in 囊揣 (nāngchuài) and 掙揣／挣揣 (zhèngchuài). ‖ to hide or carry something in clothes • to be pregnant • to impose onto someone ‖ to strike ‖ to measure ‖ Alternative form of 團／团 (tuán, “assembled; gathered”) 揣 • (chwi, ta) · 揣 • (chwi, ta) (hangeul 취, 타) Hán-Nôm : súy • Hán-Nôm : suý • Hán-Nôm : sủy • Hán-Nôm : suỷ 揣
揩 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄞ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khai • Middle-Chinese : kheaj • Middle-Chinese : kheajH to wipe; to clean • (Cantonese) to brush; to come into slight contact with 揩 • (gae) · 揩 • (gae) (hangeul 개, revised gae, McCune–Reischauer kae, Yale kay) Hán-Nôm : day • Hán-Nôm : khải 揩
揪 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiû to grasp with one's hand; to pinch Hán-Nôm : thu • Hán-Nôm : tù 揪
揭 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰrads, *ked, *kʰrad, *ɡrad, *kad, *ɡad) : semantic 扌 + phonetic 曷 (OC *ɡaːd). ‖ ‖ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : kit³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kia̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiat • Middle-Chinese : kjot • Middle-Chinese : gjot • Middle-Chinese : gjet • Middle-Chinese : khjet • Middle-Chinese : kjet ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kit³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gai⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hei³ • Middle-Chinese : khjejH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˊ to raise; to lift up • to uncover; to unveil; to expose; to reveal • to tear off; to take off • a surname ‖ Used in place names. ‖ to lift up one's clothes ‖ ^‡ to block up to raise • to lift up 揭 (eumhun 높이 들 게 (nopi deul ge)) hanja form of 게 (“to lift; to raise”) Hán-Nôm : yết 揭
搏 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *paɡs, *paːɡ, *pʰaːɡ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 尃 (OC *pʰa). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bok³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pok • Middle-Chinese : pjuH • Middle-Chinese : phak • Middle-Chinese : pak to come to blows • to beat; to pulsate; to throb • to struggle; to wrestle; to work hard; to strive • to suddenly attack; to give a surprise attack; to pounce • to pillage; to plunder; to take away by force; to snatch; to wrest; to seize • to arrest; to apprehend seize • spring upon • strike ‖ ‖ Hán-Nôm : vác • Hán-Nôm : bác 搏
搓 ‖ From 搋 (caai1). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : co¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsho • Hokkien · Tai-lo : so • Middle-Chinese : tsha ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : caai¹ to rub between hands • (Shanghainese) to flirt with; to pick up ‖ (Cantonese) to knead with hands; to mix with hands; to rub • (Cantonese, ball games) to pass the ball back and forth 搓 (eum 차 (cha)) Hán-Nôm : sai • Hán-Nôm : tha • Hán-Nôm : xaay • Hán-Nôm : xay • Hán-Nôm : xoay • Hán-Nôm : thoa • Hán-Nôm : xây 搓
搔 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *suː) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 蚤 (OC *ʔsuːʔ, “flea, louse”). \ Schuessler (2007) considers 掃 (OC *suːʔ, *suːs, “to brush”) to be cognate and suggests a Sino-Tibetan etymology, relating it to Chepang साव्सा (saw-, “to itch”), सोस्सा (sos‑, “to itch”), Bodo (India) [script needed] (su-, “to itch”). \ Baxter and Sagart (2014) relates it to 爪 (OC *ʔsruːʔ, “claw”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sou¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : so • Hokkien · Tai-lo : soo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sau • Middle-Chinese : saw to scratch ‖ to scratch • to make noise ‖ 搔 • (so) · 搔 • (so) (hangeul 소, revised so, McCune–Reischauer so, Yale so) Hán-Nôm : trao • Hán-Nôm : tao • Hán-Nôm : trau 搔
搖 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iô • Middle-Chinese : yew to wag; to swing; to wave • to shake • to scull 搖 • (yo) · 搖 • (yo) (hangeul 요) Hán-Nôm : gieo • Hán-Nôm : dao • Hán-Nôm : diêu • Hán-Nôm : vêu 搖
搞 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kruːʔ) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 高. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄠˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : káu to do (usually bad things) • to work in; to be engaged in • to make; to produce • to manage; to take care of • to get; to get hold of • to set up; to organize • (slang) to have sex; to fuck Hán-Nôm : cào • Hán-Nôm : cạo • Hán-Nôm : cảo • Hán-Nôm : xao • Hán-Nôm : quào 搞
携 portable 携 (eumhun 멜 휴 (mel hyu)) 携
搾 squeeze 搾 • (chak) · 搾 • (chak) (hangeul 착, revised chak, McCune–Reischauer ch'ak, Yale chak) Hán-Nôm : trá 搾
摔 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 率. ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄞ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seot¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sut • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suai ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : siàng to stumble; to lose one's balance; to fall • to plunge; to fall • to cause to fall and break • to fling; to cast; to throw • to beat; to knock; to thresh (to remove anything attached) • (Hokkien) to eat quickly • (Hokkien) to whip; to flog (with a whip, rod, etc.) • (Hokkien) whip; whisk • (Mainland China Hokkien) to glance quickly • (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) to quickly shoot ‖ (Taiwanese Hokkien) to throw down forcefully on the ground Hán-Nôm : suất • Hán-Nôm : suốt 摔
摧 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshui • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : juê • Middle-Chinese : dzwoj to break; to smash; to destroy 摧 (eum 최 (choe)) Hán-Nôm : chuôi • Hán-Nôm : tòi • Hán-Nôm : tồi • Hán-Nôm : choi • Hán-Nôm : thuy • Hán-Nôm : toi • Hán-Nôm : thuôi 摧
摯 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjibs) : phonetic 執 (OC *tjib) + semantic 手 (“hand”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsì • Middle-Chinese : tsyijH sincere; earnest • Emperor Zhi, legendary ruler of ancient China • a surname • Zhi, a state of Shang-era China, connected with the Ren clan • Alternative form of 鷙／鸷 (zhì, “fierce, ferocious”) sincere; seriousness • to hold in the hand • gift (present typically carried by the visitor for ceremonious occasions) • to reach; to be full of • Alternative spelling of 鷙: bird of prey 摯 • (ji) · 摯 • (ji) (hangeul 지, revised ji, McCune–Reischauer chi, Yale ci) Hán-Nôm : chí 摯
摸 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *maː, *maːɡ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 莫 (OC *maːɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *maː, *maːɡ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 莫 (OC *maːɡ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄠ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : boo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : moo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mong • Middle-Chinese : mak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mou⁴ • Middle-Chinese : mu to touch; to feel (with the hand); to caress • to fish for; to fumble; to grope for • to feel out; to sound out • to feel one's way; to grope • to be sluggish ‖ Alternative form of 摹 (mó) • Used in 摸棱. 摸 (eum 모 (mo)) Hán-Nôm : mò • Hán-Nôm : mó • Hán-Nôm : mọ • Hán-Nôm : mô • Hán-Nôm : mạc 摸
摹 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mou⁴ 摹 • (mo) · 摹 • (mo) (hangeul 모, revised mo, McCune–Reischauer mo, Yale mo) Hán-Nôm : mò 摹
撇 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰeːd) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 敝 (OC *beds, *bed). ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄝ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄝˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pit³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phia̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phuat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiap ‖ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : phih to discard; to abandon; to throw away • to skim; to clear (a liquid) from the substance (oil, foam, etc.) floating on it • to move the corners of one's mouth downward (to express disdain, disgust, distrust or unhappiness) • (Chinese calligraphy) stroke that falls downwards towards the left (㇒) • (Cantonese, of rain) to move in a slanted direction • (Cantonese) to leave (without concern) • (Hakka) to flog the buttocks; to spank; to smack lightly with palm • (Hokkien) skill; ability • (Mainland China Hokkien) to drift with the wind • (Xiamen and Taiwanese Hokkien) charming; fashionable; good-looking; smart • (Taiwanese Hokkien) to write a left falling stroke • (Taiwanese Hokkien) to write unseriously • (Taiwanese Hokkien) to turn one's head away ‖ (Hakka) Used after a verb to indicate perfective aspect (action completion). • (Hakka) Normally followed by 了 to mark a state change. ‖ (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) to lightly scoop from the surface of something (oil, etc.) • (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) to cut meat with a knife Hán-Nôm : phét • Hán-Nôm : phết • Hán-Nôm : phệt • Hán-Nôm : phiết 撇
撒 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *saːd) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 散 (OC *saːnʔ, *saːns) – to scatter with the hand.‘ \ Cognate with 散 (OC *saːnʔ, *saːns, “to disperse; scattered”). See there for more. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *saːd) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 散 (OC *saːnʔ, *saːns) – to scatter with the hand.‘ \ Cognate with 散 (OC *saːnʔ, *saːns, “to disperse; scattered”). See there for more. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *saːd) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 散 (OC *saːnʔ, *saːns) – to scatter with the hand.‘ \ Cognate with 散 (OC *saːnʔ, *saːns, “to disperse; scattered”). See there for more. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saat³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sat ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saat³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sat ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄚˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄚ to cast away; to let go • (colloquial) to excrete (urine); to piss • (derogatory) to throw off one's constraint • (Singapore Hokkien) nevermind; forget it; to let a matter drop ‖ to scatter; to sprinkle; to disperse • to spill • (Hokkien) to add into food (of seasoning, liquid, powder, etc.) ‖ a surname scatter, sprinkle, strew 撒 (eumhun 뿌릴 살 (ppuril sal)) hanja form of 살 (“scatter, sprinkle, strew”) Hán-Nôm : tát • Hán-Nôm : tản • Hán-Nôm : rát 撒
撕 First usage replaced 斯 (sī, “to tear”). Cognate with 廝／厮 (sī, “to split; woodcutter”), also spelled 㒋 (sī). ‖ First usage replaced 斯 (sī, “to tear”). Cognate with 廝／厮 (sī, “to split; woodcutter”), also spelled 㒋 (sī). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙ • Cantonese · Jyutping : si¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si • Hokkien · Tai-lo : su ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sai¹ • Middle-Chinese : sej to shred; to tear; to rip • (neologism) to fight; to attack; to assault ‖ Only used in 提撕. 撕 (eum 서 (seo)) Hán-Nôm : tê • Hán-Nôm : ti 撕
撞 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rdoːŋ, *rdoːŋs) : semantic 扌 + phonetic 童 (OC *doːŋ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄤˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄤˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄤˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tn̄g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshīng • Middle-Chinese : draewng • Middle-Chinese : draewngH to hit; to bump against; to strike; to run into; to collide • to rush • to meet by chance; to bump into; to come across; to encounter • (of events) to clash; to coincide • to coincide • (Cantonese) to guess 撞 • (dang) · 撞 • (dang) (hangeul 당, revised dang, McCune–Reischauer tang, Yale tang) Hán-Nôm : chàng • Hán-Nôm : tràng 撞
撩 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːw, *reːwʔ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 尞 (). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːw, *reːwʔ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 尞 (). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːw, *reːwʔ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 尞 (). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : liu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liô • Middle-Chinese : lew ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : liu¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : liu⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : liu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : liu¹ • Middle-Chinese : lewX to arrange • Used in 撩亂／撩乱 (“chaotic”). • to wind around; to pester • to take; to pluck • to tease; to incite; to provoke • (originally dialectal, slang) to flirt with; to pick up ‖ to raise • to sprinkle ‖ Alternative form of 撂 (liào) • to glance • Used in 撩峭. ‖ (literary or Cantonese) to pick at; to dig at to raise; to lift • to make orderly 撩 • (ryo>yo) · 撩 • (ryo>yo) (hangeul 료>요, revised ryo>yo, McCune–Reischauer ryo>yo, Yale lyo>yo) Hán-Nôm : lêu • Hán-Nôm : bêu • Hán-Nôm : leo • Hán-Nôm : liệu • Hán-Nôm : liêu • Hán-Nôm : treo • Hán-Nôm : trêu • Hán-Nôm : cheo • Hán-Nôm : đeo • Hán-Nôm : gieo 撩
撬 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : giu⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hiu³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiau ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiauh to pry open • (alt. form 翹／翘) to lift; to raise ‖ (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to pry open Hán-Nôm : khiêu 撬
撰 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaan⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaan³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuān • Middle-Chinese : dzrwaenX • Middle-Chinese : dzrjwenX to write; to compose; to compile composing • choosing 撰 (eumhun 지을 찬 (jieul chan)) ‖ 撰 (eumhun 가릴 천 (garil cheon)) ‖ Hán-Nôm : soạn • Hán-Nôm : chọn • Hán-Nôm : chộn • Hán-Nôm : dọn • Hán-Nôm : dốn • Hán-Nôm : rộn • Hán-Nôm : soảng • Hán-Nôm : soạng 撰
撲 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *broːɡ, *pʰoːɡ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : puk¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pok³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phok • Middle-Chinese : phuwk to beat; to strike • to pat; to slap • to dab; to smear; to apply • to rest one's upper body on a surface; to bend over a surface • (American (1980–)) to pull over • a surname: Pu to beat, to strike 撲 • (bak, bok) · 撲 • (bak, bok) (hangeul 박, 복) Hán-Nôm : vục • Hán-Nôm : buộc • Hán-Nôm : phác • Hán-Nôm : phốc • Hán-Nôm : vọc 撲
撼 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ham⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hām • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hám • Middle-Chinese : homX to shake; to rock move 撼 • (gam) · 撼 • (gam) (hangeul 감, revised gam, McCune–Reischauer kam, Yale kam) Hán-Nôm : cắn • Hán-Nôm : hám 撼
擂 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ruːl, *ruːls) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 雷 (OC *ruːl). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luî ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luî to grind • to beat • (Hakka) to wipe hard/ roughly ‖ Only used in 擂臺／擂台 (lèitái). grind • mash • grate Hán-Nôm : lôi • Hán-Nôm : soi 擂
擅 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djans) : semantic 手 (“hands”) + phonetic 亶 (OC *taːnʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siān • Middle-Chinese : dzyenH to hold all in one's hands; to monopolize • to own; to possess • to be good at • to do on one's own initiative; to do according to one's wishes 擅 • (cheon) · 擅 • (cheon) (hangeul 천, revised cheon, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏn, Yale chen) Hán-Nôm : chen • Hán-Nôm : thiện 擅
擇 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rlaːɡ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 睪 (OC *neb, *laːɡ, *kuː). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄜˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaak⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ti̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : to̍h • Middle-Chinese : draek to select; to choose; to pick out 擇 (eumhun 가릴 택 (garil taek)) hanja form of 택 (“to select; selection”) Hán-Nôm : trạch 擇
擊 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *keːɡ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 毄 () – to strike with the hand. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kit • Middle-Chinese : kek to strike; to hit; to beat • to stab; to pierce • to attack; to fight • to come into contact with strike 擊 (eumhun 칠 격 (chil gyeok)) hanja form of 격 (“strike”) Hán-Nôm : kếch • Hán-Nôm : ghếch • Hán-Nôm : kích 擊
擎 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : king⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kìn • Middle-Chinese : gjaeng to prop up; to hold up; to lift up • (Hakka) to raise one's hand or arm lift up • hold up • support 擎 • (gyeong) · 擎 • (gyeong) (hangeul 경, revised gyeong, McCune–Reischauer kyŏng, Yale kyeng) lift up • to support • to hold Hán-Nôm : kình 擎
擒 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡrɯm) : semantic 扌 + phonetic 禽 (OC *ɡrɯm). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kam⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khîm • Middle-Chinese : gim to catch; to capture; to seize; to arrest • to hold; to grasp • (Cantonese) to climb ‖ 擒(とりこ) • (toriko) ‖ a prisoner, captive, slave 擒 • (geum) · 擒 • (geum) (hangeul 금, revised geum, McCune–Reischauer kŭm, Yale kum) catch, capture, seize, arrest canonical : 擒: Hán Việt readings: cầm 擒: Nôm readings: cầm chữ Hán form of cầm (“to hold, keep, capture, seize, arrest”). 擒
擔 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taːm, *taːms) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 詹 (OC *tjam) – to carry by hand. \ According to STEDT, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tam (“to carry on shoulder”), whence Burmese ထမ်း (htam:, “to carry on the shoulder”). Schuessler (2007), on the other hand, notes 擔 (OC *taːm) is an area word whose source is probably Austroasiatic; compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *klam ~ *kləm (“to carry on shoulder”), whence Khmu klam (“to carry on shoulder”). An alternative form with initial *t which agrees with later Old Chinese is widespread; compare also Khmer ទាំ (tŏəm, “to tire of; to bear”), Khmer ទ្រាំ (trŏəm, “to bear; to endure”), Proto-Hmong-Mien *ntam (“to carry on shoulder”), whence Iu Mien daːm¹, and Proto-Tai *trwaːmᴬ (“to carry on the back”), whence Thai หาม (hǎam, “to carry”). \ The softened initial in Northern Min points to OC pre-nasalization which is supported by Iu Mien daːm¹ (Schuessler, 2007), an early Chinese loan into Hmong-Mien (Baxter and Sagart, 2014). \ 擔 (OC *taːms) is 擔 (OC *taːm) with the passive s/h-suffix, literally "what is carried". ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taːm, *taːms) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 詹 (OC *tjam) – to carry by hand. \ According to STEDT, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tam (“to carry on shoulder”), whence Burmese ထမ်း (htam:, “to carry on the shoulder”). Schuessler (2007), on the other hand, notes 擔 (OC *taːm) is an area word whose source is probably Austroasiatic; compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *klam ~ *kləm (“to carry on shoulder”), whence Khmu klam (“to carry on shoulder”). An alternative form with initial *t which agrees with later Old Chinese is widespread; compare also Khmer ទាំ (tŏəm, “to tire of; to bear”), Khmer ទ្រាំ (trŏəm, “to bear; to endure”), Proto-Hmong-Mien *ntam (“to carry on shoulder”), whence Iu Mien daːm¹, and Proto-Tai *trwaːmᴬ (“to carry on the back”), whence Thai หาม (hǎam, “to carry”). \ The softened initial in Northern Min points to OC pre-nasalization which is supported by Iu Mien daːm¹ (Schuessler, 2007), an early Chinese loan into Hmong-Mien (Baxter and Sagart, 2014). \ 擔 (OC *taːms) is 擔 (OC *taːm) with the passive s/h-suffix, literally "what is carried". Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tann • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tam • Middle-Chinese : tam ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : daam³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄢˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tànn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tàm • Middle-Chinese : tamH to carry on a shoulder pole • to bear; to shoulder; to undertake • (Cantonese) to hold in one's mouth ‖ carrying pole with loads on both ends • burden; load; responsibilities • picul, a traditional Chinese unit of weight equal to 100 catties · (Mainland China) picul; equal to 50 kilograms • picul, a traditional Chinese unit of weight equal to 100 catties · (Hong Kong) picul; equal to 60.478982 kilograms • Classifier for things carried on a shoulder pole: load A traditional unit of measurement equivalent to 60kg or approximately 132.3lb • shouldering • carry • raise • bear 擔 (eumhun 멜 담 (mel dam)) hanja form of 담 (“shouldering”) • hanja form of 담 (“carry”) • hanja form of 담 (“raise”) • hanja form of 담 (“bear”) Hán-Nôm : đâm • Hán-Nôm : đảm • Hán-Nôm : tạ 擔
據 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kas) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 豦 (OC *kas, *ɡa). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kas) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 豦 (OC *kas, *ɡa). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geoi³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kìr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kù • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kì • Middle-Chinese : kjoH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˇ to depend on; to rely on • according to; based on • to occupy; to take possession of; to seize • (literary, or in compounds) evidence; base; proof • (literary) to cite; to quote • a surname: Ju ‖ to catch; to seize 據 • (geo) · 據 • (geo) (hangeul 거, revised geo, McCune–Reischauer kŏ, Yale ke) Hán-Nôm : cớ • Hán-Nôm : cứ 據
擬 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋɯʔ) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 疑 (OC *ŋɯ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gí • Middle-Chinese : ngiX to compare • to imitate; to copy; to emulate; to mimic • to plan; to propose • to draft; to devise; to draw up • to presuppose; to hypothesise; to assert mimic, imitate • guess, suspect • pseudo-, mock- 擬 (eumhun 비길 의 (bigil ui)) hanja form of 의 (“to compare”) • hanja form of 의 (“to imitate; to emulate”) Hán-Nôm : nghĩ • Hán-Nôm : nghỉ 擬
擴 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷlaːŋs, *kʰʷaːɡ) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 廣 (OC *kʷaːŋʔ) – to stretch or enlarge with hands. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwok³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwok³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwong³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kong³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khok • Middle-Chinese : hwangH to expand; to enlarge; to stretch broaden 擴 • (hwak, gwang) · 擴 • (hwak, gwang) (hangeul 확, 광, revised hwak, gwang, McCune–Reischauer hwak, kwang, Yale hwak, kwang) Hán-Nôm : quẳng • Hán-Nôm : huếch • Hán-Nôm : khoác • Hán-Nôm : khoách • Hán-Nôm : khuếch 擴
攀 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰraːn) : phonetic 樊 (OC *ban) + semantic 手 (“hand”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phan • Middle-Chinese : phaen to climb upwards; to clamber • to pull; to cling to • to seek connections in high places • to implicate; to involve • a surname: Pan 攀 • (ban) · 攀 • (ban) (hangeul 반) Hán-Nôm : phan • Hán-Nôm : phàn 攀
攝 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *neːb, *ʔnjeb) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 聶 (OC *neb). ‖ ‖ Compare Wuming Zhuang saeb (“to insert into a gap”), Hlai nyiep (/⁠ȵiːp⁷⁠/, “to insert into a gap”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄜˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siap • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liap • Middle-Chinese : syep ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nip⁶ • Middle-Chinese : nep ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : sip³ to take in; to absorb; to extract • to take a photograph • (literary) to hold; to grasp; to drag • (literary) to manage; to command; to administer • (literary) to act as an agent; to be a representative; to act as a proxy • (literary) to arrest; to apprehend • (literary) to draw; to attract • (literary) to assist • (literary) to be squeezed in between • (literary) to maintain one's health; to keep fit • (Chinese phonetics) rhyme group; rhyme class (one of 16 sets of 韻 in Middle Chinese) ‖ Only used in 攝然／摄然. ‖ to squeeze into; to wedge in • to raise something by putting another thing underneath 攝 • (seop, yeop) · 攝 • (seop, yeop) (hangeul 섭, 엽, revised seop, yeop, McCune–Reischauer sŏp, yŏp, Yale sep, yep) Hán-Nôm : nhép • Hán-Nôm : nếp • Hán-Nôm : nhiếp • Hán-Nôm : xếp • Hán-Nôm : nhẹp • Hán-Nôm : nhíp • Hán-Nôm : triếp 攝
敞 Compare Tibetan ཐང (thang, “plain; flatland”) (Coblin, 1986). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cong² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiáng • Middle-Chinese : tsyhangX spacious; open; broad; roomy • to be open; to leave (something) wide open 敞 (eum 창 (chang)) Hán-Nôm : sưởng 敞
敲 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰraːw, *kʰraːws) : phonetic 高 (OC *kaːw) + semantic 攴 (“to hit lightly; to tap”). ‖ From 休 (MC xjuw, “to rest; to stop”) (Kwok and Kataoka, 2006). Compare Guangzhou 嘵／哓 (hiu1), which has become obsolete. Cantonese · Jyutping : haau¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khà • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khàu • Middle-Chinese : khaew • Middle-Chinese : khaewH ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : hau¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haau¹ to hit; to strike; to tap; to rap; to knock • (colloquial) to rip off; to overcharge; to blackmail • (colloquial) to criticize; to warn • (Hokkien, Singapore Teochew) to call someone (by phone); to telephone • (Xiamen, Quanzhou and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to knock down; to remove; to demolish • (Taiwanese Hokkien) to alter (clothes) • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to compete (among businesses) ‖ (Macau and Dongguan Cantonese) Used after a verb to indicate perfective aspect (action completion). to knock, to strike, to hit 敲 (eumhun 두드릴 고 (dudeuril go)) · 敲 (eumhun 두드릴 교 (dudeuril gyo)) · 敲 (eumhun 두드릴 학 (dudeuril hak)) hanja form of 고 (“knock”) • hanja form of 교 (“knock”) • hanja form of 학 (“knock”) Hán-Nôm : xao • Hán-Nôm : xào • Hán-Nôm : sao 敲
數 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sroʔ, *sros, *sroːɡ) : phonetic 婁 (OC *ɡ·roː, *ɡ·ro) + semantic 攴. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-tsjəj (“to count”); cognate to Tibetan རྩི (rtsi, “to count; to calculate”), Burmese ရေ (re, “to count”), Jingpho hti, Ersu htɛ⁵⁵ (STEDT). \ Schuessler (2007) connects this word with Austroasiatic; compare Mon ရိုဟ် (rɜ̀h), from Middle Mon ruih (“to count”), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *rʔis (“to count”). ‖ Exopassive derivation of Etymology 1 with suffix *-s, meaning "what is counted" (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Derivation of Etymology 1, perhaps with distributive suffix *-k (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siàu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sòo • Middle-Chinese : srjuX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˋㄦ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sòo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siàu • Middle-Chinese : srjuH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sok³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siàu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sok • Middle-Chinese : sraewk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cuk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiok to count; to enumerate • to be reckoned as • to criticize; to find fault; to blame ‖ number; figure; amount (Classifier: 個／个; 粒 c) • (mathematics) number • (grammar) number • several; few • mathematics; reckoning (one of the Six Arts) • Short for 數學／数学 (shùxué, “mathematics”). • divination • skill • law; rule; regular pattern • legal system • fate; destiny • (Cantonese, Hakka, Southern Min) account (Classifier: 條／条 c; 盤／盘 c) • (Cantonese) debt (Classifier: 筆／笔 c; 條／条 c) • (Cantonese) sum of money (Classifier: 筆／笔 c; 嚿 c) • (Cantonese) mathematical problem (Classifier: 條／条 c) ‖ frequently; repeatedly ‖ fine and closely woven count • number 數 (eumhun 셀 수 (sel su)) · 數 (eumhun 셈 수 (sem su)) ‖ 數 (eumhun 자주 삭 (jaju sak)) ‖ 數 (eumhun 촘촘할 촉 (chomchomhal chok)) Hanja form of 수 (“number; fixed quantity; figure”). • Hanja form of 수 (“to count; to calculate”). • Hanja form of 수 (“a little; a bit; a few; several”). • Hanja form of 수 (“manners”). • Hanja form of 수 (“grade”). • Hanja form of 수 (“obligation; duty”). • Hanja form of 수 (“fate; destiny”). • Hanja form of 수 (“skill; technique”). • Hanja form of 수 (“trick; scheme”). • Hanja form of 수 (“means; method”). ‖ (literary) hanja form of 삭 (“often; frequently”) ‖ (literary) hanja form of 촉 (“dense; thick”) canonical : 數: Hán Việt readings: sác • canonical : số • canonical : sổ • canonical : xúc 數: Nôm readings: số • canonical : sỗ • canonical : sộ • canonical : xọ chữ Hán form of số (“number”). 數
斟 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kljum) : phonetic 甚 (OC *ɡljumʔ, *ɡljums) + semantic 斗 (“dipper; cup”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *l-(t/d)jam (“to fill, flat”). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zam¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsim • Middle-Chinese : tsyim ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : thîn to pour (a drink) into drinkware • ^† (figurative) to consider; to deliberate • (Cantonese) to negotiate ‖ (Hokkien) to pour (a drink) into drinkware • (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to drink alcohol 斟 (eum 짐 (jim)) Hán-Nôm : châm 斟
斧 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *paʔ) : phonetic 父 (OC *paʔ, *baʔ) + semantic 斤 (“axe”) \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-pʷa (“axe”) (STEDT). Cognate with Garo rua (“axe”), Jingpho nwa, ningwa (“axe”), Tangut 𘟬 (*wjị¹, “axe”), Japhug tɯrpa (“axe”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : póo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hú • Middle-Chinese : pjuX axe; hatchet ‖ 斧(おの) or 斧(オノ) • (ono) ^(←をの (wono) or ヲノ (wono)?) ‖ 斧(よき) • (yoki) ‖ axe, hatchet ‖ (obsolete or dialectal) a hatchet · (Ibaraki, Nagoya, Hyōgo, Shikoku, Kyūshū) a small hatchet • (obsolete or dialectal) a hatchet · (Yamanashi) a big hatchet • (obsolete or dialectal) a hatchet · (southern Tohoku, Kantō, Chūbu, Kansai, Shikoku, Kyūshū) an axe, a hatchet (in general) 斧 • (bu) · 斧 • (bu) (hangeul 부) canonical : 斧: Hán Việt readings: phủ 斧: Nôm readings: búa 斧
斬 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsám • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsánn • Middle-Chinese : tsreamX ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsām • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsǎm to cut; to hack; to chop (with a large blade, forcefully) • to behead (as punishment); to chop the waist • a surname: Zhan ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 鏨／錾 beheading • kill, murder • cut • slay, slaying 斬 • (cham) · 斬 • (cham) (hangeul 참, revised cham, McCune–Reischauer ch'am, Yale cham) Hán-Nôm : trảm • Hán-Nôm : chém 斬
斷 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 𢇍 (“to cut”) + 斤 (“axe”). \ Before the Qin dynasty, this character was written as 𠸿 or 𠜷. According to Shuowen, the left component is an old form of 叀. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dan (“cut”). ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 𢇍 (“to cut”) + 斤 (“axe”). \ Before the Qin dynasty, this character was written as 𠸿 or 𠜷. According to Shuowen, the left component is an old form of 叀. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dan (“cut”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tyun⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dyun⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tn̄g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tňg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuīnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuǎn • Middle-Chinese : dwanX • Middle-Chinese : twanX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dyun³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dyun⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuǎn • Middle-Chinese : twanH to break; to snap; to cut • to cut off; to sever; to interrupt • to give up; to abstain from; to quit • (Hokkien) to not have; to be without; there is not ‖ to judge; to decide; to determine; to settle • (chiefly in the negative) absolutely; definitely; decidedly • (Cantonese) to count in a certain unit • 29th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "decisiveness" (𝌢) sever • cut off • interrupt 斷 (eumhun 끊을 단 (kkeuneul dan)) hanja form of 단 (“sever”) • hanja form of 단 (“cut off”) • hanja form of 단 (“interrupt”) Hán-Nôm : đoán • Hán-Nôm : đoạn chữ Hán form of đoán (“to guess; to predict; to surmise; to divine”). • chữ Hán form of đoạn (“painful; broken off; to corner”). 斷
於 From an ancient variant form of 烏. Not related to 方 or 㫃. \ Note the other uses of 于 (yú), the simplified and variant traditional form of the preposition senses. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔaj (“to go; directional particle”) (Schuessler, 2007). It has slowly merged with and replaced the older 于 (OC *ɢʷa) (ibid.). ‖ ‖ Variant of 阿 (*qaːl, prefix in kinship terms and personal names) (ibid.). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : û • Hokkien · Tai-lo : îr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : î • Middle-Chinese : 'jo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : u • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ir • Hokkien · Tai-lo : i • Middle-Chinese : 'jo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : oo • Middle-Chinese : 'u (indicates time or place) in; at; on • (used before a noun to indicate the object of an action) with; on • (used before a noun, verb or adjective to indicate the target of action) to • (indicates beginning or source) from • (indicates the agent of action) by • (indicates comparison) than • (used after a verb or adjective) with regard to ‖ a surname ‖ Alternative form of 烏／乌 (“crow; raven”) • Alternative form of 嗚／呜 (wū, “alas!; oh!”) • Used in 於菟／於檡／於兔／於䖘 (wūtú, “tiger”). ‖ 於 in (defines a place, a moment, a concept in order to describe its relationship with the surroundings) ‖ at; sometimes appears on signage to designate the location or time of an event, preposed as in classical Chinese (but in contravention to Japanese word order). 於 (eumhun 어조사 어 (eojosa eo)) ‖ 於 (eumhun 감탄사 오 (gamtansa o)) ‖ canonical : 於: Hán Việt readings: ư 於: Nôm readings: ơ • canonical : ở • canonical : ưa • canonical : ờ • canonical : ư • canonical : ớ • canonical : ô • canonical : ứ • canonical : thờ Nôm form of ở (“to be; to live; to stay; to remain”). 於
旁 Probably phono-semantic (形聲／形声) following the pronunciation of 方 (OC *paŋ, *baŋ). The upper component has evolved significantly in time, including 冖 (Shang), 凡 (Western Zhou), or forms resembling 辛 (Spring and Autumn bronze of Wu) or 用 (Warring States bronze inscription of Wei and proto-clerical script of Qin). In the Chu Silk Manuscript the form was much simplified. The modern form was a descendant from the clerical script. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *paŋ ~ *pak (“side”). ‖ Probably phono-semantic (形聲／形声) following the pronunciation of 方 (OC *paŋ, *baŋ). The upper component has evolved significantly in time, including 冖 (Shang), 凡 (Western Zhou), or forms resembling 辛 (Spring and Autumn bronze of Wu) or 用 (Warring States bronze inscription of Wei and proto-clerical script of Qin). In the Chu Silk Manuscript the form was much simplified. The modern form was a descendant from the clerical script. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *paŋ ~ *pak (“side”). ‖ Probably phono-semantic (形聲／形声) following the pronunciation of 方 (OC *paŋ, *baŋ). The upper component has evolved significantly in time, including 冖 (Shang), 凡 (Western Zhou), or forms resembling 辛 (Spring and Autumn bronze of Wu) or 用 (Warring States bronze inscription of Wei and proto-clerical script of Qin). In the Chu Silk Manuscript the form was much simplified. The modern form was a descendant from the clerical script. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *paŋ ~ *pak (“side”). ‖ Probably phono-semantic (形聲／形声) following the pronunciation of 方 (OC *paŋ, *baŋ). The upper component has evolved significantly in time, including 冖 (Shang), 凡 (Western Zhou), or forms resembling 辛 (Spring and Autumn bronze of Wu) or 用 (Warring States bronze inscription of Wei and proto-clerical script of Qin). In the Chu Silk Manuscript the form was much simplified. The modern form was a descendant from the clerical script. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *paŋ ~ *pak (“side”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pong⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄤˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pông • Middle-Chinese : bang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bong⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄥˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄥ side; beside; close by • other; else • (linguistics) radical (of a character) • widespread • to assist • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 傍 (“to be near to; to approach; to depend on; to rely on”) ‖ Only used in 旁勃. ‖ Only used in 旁旁 (bēngbēng). ‖ 旁(つくり) • (tsukuri) ‖ the right-hand component of a kanji 旁 • (bang, paeng) · 旁 • (bang, paeng) (hangeul 방, 팽, revised bang, paeng, McCune–Reischauer pang, p'aeng, Yale pang, phayng) Hán-Nôm : bàng • Hán-Nôm : bừng • Hán-Nôm : bầng • Hán-Nôm : bường • Hán-Nôm : phàng 旁
旭 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰʷoɡ) : phonetic 九 (OC *kuʔ) + semantic 日 (“sun”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : juk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiok • Middle-Chinese : xjowk rising sun • brilliant; radiant ‖ 旭(あさひ) • (asahi) ‖ 旭(あさひ) • (Asahi) ‖ 旭(あきら) • (Akira) rising sun ‖ ‖ Asahi (a city in Chiba Prefecture, Japan) • a surname ‖ a male given name 旭 • (uk) · 旭 • (uk) (hangeul 욱, revised uk, McCune–Reischauer uk, Yale wuk) rising sun • brilliance • radiant Hán-Nôm : húc 旭
昂 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːŋ) : semantic 日 (“sun”) + phonetic 卬 (OC *ŋaːŋ, *ŋaŋʔ, “man standing and man kneeling”). ‖ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : ngong⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngong⁵ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄤˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gâng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : không • Middle-Chinese : ngang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˋ ‖ to raise; to lift • to rise • high spirited; upright • a surname ‖ ^‡ Only used in 昂昂 (yàngyàng, “virtuous; respectable (of a ruler)”). ‖ Alternative form of 仰 (“to raise one's head; to have one's face and belly face upward”) high spirited • to raise the head 昂 • (ang) · 昂 • (ang) (hangeul 앙, revised ang, McCune–Reischauer ang, Yale ang) Hán-Nôm : ngang • Hán-Nôm : ngáng • Hán-Nôm : ngàng • Hán-Nôm : ngãng • Hán-Nôm : ngâng 昂
昇 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hljɯŋ) : semantic 日 (“sun”) + phonetic 升 (OC *hljɯŋ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sing¹ • Middle-Chinese : sying (obsolete) rising of the sun • Alternative form of 升 (shēng, “to rise; to ascend”) • Alternative form of 升 (shēng, “to promote”) • Used in 昇平／升平 (“peaceful”). • a surname • Used in personal names. ‖ 昇(のぼる) • (Noboru) to rise up ‖ a male given name 昇 • (seung) · 昇 • (seung) (hangeul 승, revised seung, McCune–Reischauer sŭng, Yale sung) Hán-Nôm : thăng to rise, ascending, or a person's first name "Thăng" 昇
晃 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fong² • Middle-Chinese : hwangX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fong² (literary) shining; shiny • to glitter; to shine; to dazzle • to flash past ‖ to sway; to shake ‖ 晃(あきら) • (Akira) clear ‖ a male given name 晃 • (hwang) · 晃 • (hwang) (hangeul 황, revised hwang, McCune–Reischauer hwang, Yale hwang) Hán-Nôm : quáng • Hán-Nôm : hoảng • Hán-Nôm : quàng 晃
晌 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hoeng² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siáng noon; midday • daytime; half a day • moment; short period of time • A unit of land measurement. 晌 (eum 상 (sang)) Hán-Nôm : thưởng 晌
晚 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *monʔ) : semantic 日 + phonetic 免 (OC *mronʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : buán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mńg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : muí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uán • Middle-Chinese : mjonX evening; night • late (near the end of a period of time) • late (in relation to the expected or proper time) • succeeding • old age; later years • Classifier for the number of nights. evening • night • late 晚 (eumhun 늦을 만 (neujeul man)) hanja form of 만 (“evening; night”) • (only used in compounds) hanja form of 만 (“late”) Hán-Nôm : vãn • Hán-Nôm : muộn 晚
晝 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 聿 + 日 (“sun”). Used to mean “daytime” in ancient texts. \ The significance and meaning of the 聿 component, as present in the oracle bone inscriptions, is not clear. Various theories exist, including that it serves as a phonetic component, in which case the character would be a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tus) : phonetic 聿 (OC *b·lud) + semantic 日 (“sun”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-duk (“daytime; noon”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan གདུགས (gdugs, “midday; umbrella”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄡˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tàu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiù • Middle-Chinese : trjuwH daytime; day; daylight • (Hakka, Min) lunch • An ancient placename in modern-day Zibo, Shandong province, China. • a surname ‖ Kyūjitai form of 昼 ‖ 晝 (eumhun 낮 주 (nat ju)) hanja form of 주 (“daytime”) [affix] Hán-Nôm : chú • Hán-Nôm : trú 晝
晦 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hmɯːs) : semantic 日 (“sun”) + phonetic 每 (OC *mɯːʔ). \ STEDT compares 晦 (OC *hmɯːs) to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *muːŋ ~ r/s-muːk (“foggy; dark; sullen; menacing; thunder”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fui³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huè • Middle-Chinese : xwojH last day of a lunar month • dark, unclear, obscure • night • 67th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "darkening" (𝍈) ‖ 晦(かい) • (kai) ^(←くわい (kwai)?) ‖ 晦(かん) • (kan) ^(←くわん (kwan)?) ‖ 晦(つごもり) • (tsugomori) ‖ 晦(つもごり) • (tsumogori) ‖ end of the month • dark, darkened • obscure, unknown • conceal, hide ‖ a darkening of the sky • something unclear or obscure • the last day of a (lunar) month ‖ (archaic) the darkening of moonlight • (by extension) the last day of a (lunar) month ‖ (rare, archaic) the darkening of moonlight • (rare, by extension) the last day of a (lunar) month 晦 (eumhun 그믐 회 (geumeum hoe)) hanja form of 회 (“last day of a lunar month”) Hán-Nôm : hổi • Hán-Nôm : hối • Hán-Nôm : hói • Hán-Nôm : hòi • Hán-Nôm : hỗi • Hán-Nôm : họi 晦
晰 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sik clear; distinct clear; limpid 晰 (eum 석 (seok)) Hán-Nôm : tích 晰
暢 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰaŋs) : semantic 申 + phonetic 昜 (OC *laŋ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiàng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshióng • Middle-Chinese : trhjangH unimpeded; smooth • comfortable • uninhibited; unrestrained • (Teochew) whole • (Teochew) to lead to; to go through • (Teochew) to know • a surname ‖ 暢(とおる) • (Tōru) ‖ a male given name 暢 • (chang) · 暢 • (chang) (hangeul 창, revised chang, McCune–Reischauer ch'ang, Yale chang) Hán-Nôm : sướng chữ Hán form of sướng (“happy; elated”). 暢
曆 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːɡ) : phonetic 厤 (OC *reːɡ) + semantic 日 (“sun; day”). \ Derivative, meaning "calendar" < "calendrical calculations" (Shu), of 歷 (OC *rêk) "to calculate". See there for more. Cantonese · Jyutping : lik⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : la̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : li̍k • Middle-Chinese : lek calendar calendar • era 曆 (eumhun 책력 력 (chaengnyeok ryeok), word-initial (South Korea) 책력 역 (chaengnyeok yeok)) hanja form of 력/역 (“calendar”) canonical : 曆: Hán Việt readings: lịch 曆: Nôm readings: rếch • canonical : rích • canonical : rịch 曆
曉 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hŋeːwʔ) : semantic 日 (“sun”) + phonetic 堯 (OC *ŋeːw). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hiu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiáu • Middle-Chinese : xewX dawn; daybreak • to know; to understand; to get • (Hakka, including Huiyang Hakka, Huicheng dialect) will; would • a surname ‖ Kyūjitai form of 暁 ‖ 曉 (eumhun 새벽 효 (saebyeok hyo)) hanja form of 효 (“dawn”) Hán-Nôm : hẻo • Hán-Nôm : hểu • Hán-Nôm : hiểu 曉
曖 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qɯːds, *qaːds) : semantic 日 (“sun”) + phonetic 愛 (OC *qɯːds). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : oi² • Cantonese · Jyutping : oi³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ài • Middle-Chinese : 'ajH • Middle-Chinese : 'ojH (literary, of daylight) dim; hazy • ^† obscure; hidden dark, not clear 曖 (eumhun 희미할 애 (huimihal ae)) hanja form of 애 (“dim”) Hán-Nôm : áy 曖
曙 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djas) : semantic 日 (“sun”) + phonetic 暑 (OC *hjaʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyu⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : syu⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : syu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sìr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sír • Middle-Chinese : dzyoH daybreak; dawn ‖ 曙(あけぼの) • (akebono) dawn • daybreak ‖ dawn (the time when night fades and the morning faintly brightens) 曙 (eumhun 새벽 서 (saebyeok seo)) hanja form of 서 (“dawn”) Hán-Nôm : thự 曙
曝 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːwɢs, *boːɡ) : semantic 日 (“sun”) + phonetic 暴 (OC *boːwɢs, *boːɡ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pha̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pho̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : po̍k • Middle-Chinese : bawH • Middle-Chinese : buwk to sun; to air in the sun; to expose or dry in the sun • to expose; to reveal bleach • refine • expose • air 曝 • (po, pok) · 曝 • (po, pok) (hangeul 포, 폭, revised po, pok, McCune–Reischauer p'o, p'ok, Yale pho, phok) Hán-Nôm : bộc 曝
曼 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : buān • Middle-Chinese : man • Middle-Chinese : mjonH long; extended; drawn-out • handsome; beautiful; refined • a surname 曼 • (man) · 曼 • (man) (hangeul 만, revised man, McCune–Reischauer man, Yale man) Hán-Nôm : man • Hán-Nôm : mạn 曼
會 Characters in the same phonetic series (會) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Pictogram (象形) – a lid on top of a container, with content in. \ Most of the pronunciations are ultimately cognate, derived from a root meaning "to join, to come together ~ to meet, to gather ~ to match, to fit ~ to understand". Perhaps related to 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb, “to match”) ~ 蓋 (OC *kaːbs, *kaːb, *ɡaːb, “lid”). \ However, Min Nan ē instead derives from 解 (OC *kreːʔ, *kreːs, *ɡreːʔ, *ɡreːs, “to understand”) (Yang, 2001). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (會) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Pictogram (象形) – a lid on top of a container, with content in. \ Most of the pronunciations are ultimately cognate, derived from a root meaning "to join, to come together ~ to meet, to gather ~ to match, to fit ~ to understand". Perhaps related to 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb, “to match”) ~ 蓋 (OC *kaːbs, *kaːb, *ɡaːb, “lid”). \ However, Min Nan ē instead derives from 解 (OC *kreːʔ, *kreːs, *ɡreːʔ, *ɡreːs, “to understand”) (Yang, 2001). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (會) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Pictogram (象形) – a lid on top of a container, with content in. \ Most of the pronunciations are ultimately cognate, derived from a root meaning "to join, to come together ~ to meet, to gather ~ to match, to fit ~ to understand". Perhaps related to 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb, “to match”) ~ 蓋 (OC *kaːbs, *kaːb, *ɡaːb, “lid”). \ However, Min Nan ē instead derives from 解 (OC *kreːʔ, *kreːs, *ɡreːʔ, *ɡreːs, “to understand”) (Yang, 2001). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (會) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Pictogram (象形) – a lid on top of a container, with content in. \ Most of the pronunciations are ultimately cognate, derived from a root meaning "to join, to come together ~ to meet, to gather ~ to match, to fit ~ to understand". Perhaps related to 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb, “to match”) ~ 蓋 (OC *kaːbs, *kaːb, *ɡaːb, “lid”). \ However, Min Nan ē instead derives from 解 (OC *kreːʔ, *kreːs, *ɡreːʔ, *ɡreːs, “to understand”) (Yang, 2001). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (會) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Pictogram (象形) – a lid on top of a container, with content in. \ Most of the pronunciations are ultimately cognate, derived from a root meaning "to join, to come together ~ to meet, to gather ~ to match, to fit ~ to understand". Perhaps related to 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb, “to match”) ~ 蓋 (OC *kaːbs, *kaːb, *ɡaːb, “lid”). \ However, Min Nan ē instead derives from 解 (OC *kreːʔ, *kreːs, *ɡreːʔ, *ɡreːs, “to understand”) (Yang, 2001). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (會) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Pictogram (象形) – a lid on top of a container, with content in. \ Most of the pronunciations are ultimately cognate, derived from a root meaning "to join, to come together ~ to meet, to gather ~ to match, to fit ~ to understand". Perhaps related to 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb, “to match”) ~ 蓋 (OC *kaːbs, *kaːb, *ɡaːb, “lid”). \ However, Min Nan ē instead derives from 解 (OC *kreːʔ, *kreːs, *ɡreːʔ, *ɡreːs, “to understand”) (Yang, 2001). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hēr • Middle-Chinese : hwajH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ě • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : erē • Middle-Chinese : hwajH ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : wui⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋㄦ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˇㄦ • Middle-Chinese : hwajH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄞˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huē • Middle-Chinese : kwajH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄞˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kui² • Cantonese · Jyutping : kui³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuè • Middle-Chinese : kwajH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄛˋ union; group; association (Classifier: 個／个) • union; group; association (Classifier: 個／个) · (Cantonese) mutual aid association that raises fund • economic or political centre; major city • occasion; opportunity; chance • lid; cover • to match; to conform • to marry • to copulate • to gather; to assemble • to meet; to rendezvous • meeting; gathering (Classifier: 場／场; 次) • meeting; gathering (Classifier: 場／场; 次) · Especially, meetings of deputies of their sovereigns in ancient China to form alliances. • temple fair • to understand; to grasp • rhythm; cadence • (literary) by chance; as it happens • (literary) ought to; should • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to clarify; to clear up • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to express appreciation verbally • (Taoism) epoch, a lunar or grand cycle of 10,800 years ‖ to know how to perform a task; can; to be able to • to be good at; to be skillful in • will; to be likely to; to be sure to • would; to be willing to ‖ moment ‖ to compute; to calculate; to sum; to do accounting • a surname ‖ Only used in 會稽／会稽 (Kuàijī, “Guiji Commandery”). ‖ Only used in 會撮／会撮. ‖ 會(かい) • (kai) ^(←くわい (kwai)?) ‖ 會(かい) • (-kai) ^(←くわい (kwai)?) Kyūjitai form of 会 ‖ Kyūjitai form of 会 ‖ Kyūjitai form of 会 會 (eumhun 모일 회 (moil hoe)) hanja form of 회 (“to gather, assemble”) canonical : 會: Hán Việt readings: cối • canonical : hội 會: Nôm readings: cuối • canonical : hội • canonical : hụi chữ Hán form of hội (“to meet, meeting, festival”). 會
朔 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sŋraːɡ) : phonetic 屰 (OC *ŋraɡ) + semantic 月 (“moon”) \ From 逆 (OC *ŋraɡ) plus s-prefix. Schuessler (2007) interprets it as literally "turn again toward to meet"; while Baxter & Sagart (2014) interprets it as "when the moon changes from waning to waxing", with s- being a circumstantial prefix for place, time, & instrument. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sok³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sok • Middle-Chinese : sraewk new moon • the first day of the lunar month • (literary) north • early morning • beginning 朔 (eumhun 초하루 삭 (choharu sak)) hanja form of 삭 (“the first day of the lunar month”) Hán-Nôm : sóc • Hán-Nôm : xóc • Hán-Nôm : xộc 朔
朕 Characters in the same phonetic series (朕) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Simplified from 𦩎 (舟 → 月 and 灷 → 关), corruption of an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 舟 (“boat”) + 丨 (“item”) + 廾 (“two hands”), seen in the oracle bone script and bronze inscriptions, originally meaning “to mend a boat”. It was later borrowed to be used as a first-person pronoun. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zam⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tīm • Middle-Chinese : drimX (imperial) I; my (similar to the royal we; reserved for use by the emperor since the Qin Dynasty) • (literary) omen; sign • (Cantonese) Alternative form of 𠹻 (zam6, “classifier for smells”) ‖ 朕(ちん) • (chin) (imperial) I (similar to the royal we) ‖ (imperial) I, me (similar to the royal we) 朕 (eumhun 나 짐 (na jim)) (imperial) hanja form of 짐 (“I; me”) (similar to the royal we) canonical : 朕: Hán Việt readings: trẫm 朕: Nôm readings: trũm • canonical : chũm (imperial) chữ Hán form of trẫm (“I; me”). (similar to the royal we) 朕
朦 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *moːŋ, *moːŋʔ) : semantic 月 (“moon”) + phonetic 蒙 (OC *moːŋ). \ Unlike most other characters with a 月 (yuè)-like component on the left, this character's 月 (yuè) is not a simplification of 肉; 朦朧／朦胧 (ménglóng) was originally used in reference to the moon. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bông • Middle-Chinese : muwng • Middle-Chinese : muwngX (of moonlight) hazy; dim • ^† to cover dim, obscure (of moonlight) 朦 (eumhun 흐릴 몽 (heuril mong)) hanja form of 몽 (“Used in 몽롱(朦朧) (mongnong)”) Hán-Nôm : mông • Hán-Nôm : mồng 朦
札 ; “to die prematurely; pestilence; to die from pestilence” \ : Sagart (2008) doubts this etymology, pointing out that this word has been attested in classical texts that are not necessarily connected to Yue or the South. He instead proposes that this word may be a Chinese loan in Yue or the regular word for “to die” in the variety of Chinese spoken in the Yue region. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaat³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsat • Middle-Chinese : tsreat letter; note • correspondence • to die prematurely • pestilence • to die from pestilence • small wooden strip for writing ‖ 札(さつ) • (satsu) ‖ 札(ふだ) or 札(ふみだ) or 札(ふんだ) • (fuda or fumida or funda) bill • card ‖ paper money, a bill, a (bank) note ‖ a card, a plate, a tag • playing card 札 • (chal) · 札 • (chal) (hangeul 찰, revised chal, McCune–Reischauer ch'al, Yale chal) letter Hán-Nôm : trát • Hán-Nôm : trớt 札
朵 Originally a Ideogram (指事) depicting a stalk of a plant 禾 with something drooping. The bottom part of 禾 corrupted into 木, while the extra stroke corrupted into 乃, later simplified into 几. \ “Hanging from a tree” > “flower” > classifier for flowers. \ Probably from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(d/n)waj (“to hang from; to cling to; creeper”), whence Burmese တွယ် (twai, “to cling”). May be related to 垂 (OC *djol, “to hang down”), 橢 (OC *l̥ʰoːlʔ, “oblong; oval”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT). \ Also compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *kt₂uur (“ear”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄛˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄛˇㄦ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄛˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tó • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tóo • Middle-Chinese : twaX ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tô ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : do² (of branches, leaves, flowers, fruits) hanging from a tree • flower or calyx of a plant • Classifier for flowers, clouds, etc. • ear • to move • a surname: Duo ‖ (Southern Min) Classifier for clusters of fruits. ‖ (Cantonese) name; nickname; title (Classifier: 個／个 c) 朵 • (ta) · 朵 • (ta) (hangeul 타, revised ta, McCune–Reischauer t'a, Yale tha) Hán-Nôm : đóa • Hán-Nôm : đoá • Hán-Nôm : tạp • Hán-Nôm : đỏa • Hán-Nôm : đoả 朵
杏 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 木 (“wood”) + 口 (“mouth”) – perhaps referring to the tastiness of its fruit. \ Shuowen considers it to be a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡraːŋʔ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + abbreviated phonetic 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ), but this is unlikely. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄥˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄥˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hīng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hǐng • Middle-Chinese : haengX apricot (Classifier: 個／个 m c; 棵 c) ‖ 杏(きょう) • (kyō) ^(←きやう (kyau)?) ‖ apricot 杏 (eumhun 살구 행 (salgu haeng)) hanja form of 행 (“apricot”) Hán-Nôm : hạnh 杏
杖 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *daŋʔ) : semantic 木 + phonetic 丈 (OC *daŋʔ). \ Thought to be the same word as 丈 (OC *daŋʔ) "gentleman, older man, husband", i.e. "someone who walks with, or leans on, a staff"; though unlikely. \ According to Schuessler (2007), this is an areal word. Compare Mizo tiang (“staff, stick, crutch”), Old Khmer toŋ (“shaft, stock, shank”), -toṅa (“stock, stem, stick”), and Khmer ដង (dɑɑng, “pole, shaft, handle, yoke, body, trunk”). Benedict (1976) also compares this to Proto-Tai *de:ŋ ~ *tʰe:ŋ (“stick, bar”), Malay tiang (“pillar, post, pole”), Fijian ndia (“stick, handle”), and to reconstructed Proto-Austro-Tai *(n)ti(j)aŋ. \ A derivative, attested in Zuozhuan as 杖 (zhàng), is the verb 仗 (OC *daŋs) "to lean on", with suffix *-s → *-h → 去聲／去声 (qùshēng). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thn̄g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thňg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiǒng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiāng • Middle-Chinese : drjangX walking stick • staff; rod; cane; wand • (historical) flogging with a stick • to flog (a prisoner) • to support; to prop • to hold; to grasp • Alternative form of 仗 (zhàng, “to rely on; to depend on”) • (Eastern Min) Classifier for segments of sugarcane. ‖ 杖(つえ) • (tsue) ^(←つゑ (twe)?) ‖ 杖(じょう) • (jō) ^(←ぢやう (dyau)?) ‖ staff, stick, walking stick, cane, stave, strove, rod, wand • something one leans on, a support • a cane used for corporal punishment • a particularly shaped stirring stick used to make New Year's porridge • the stem of a pear • (historical) a traditional unit of length · (historical) approximately 3 meters • (historical) a traditional unit of length · (historical) seven 尺 (shaku, traditional Japanese foot) and five 寸 (sun, traditional Japanese inch), or approximately 2.3 meters • (historical) a traditional unit of area • (historical) a traditional unit of area · (historical) one-fifth of a 段 (tan, traditional Japanese paddy size, roughly half of an English acre), or around 237m² ‖ a jo: a fighting staff, a little over 4 尺 (shaku, “a traditional unit of measure, about 30 cm or a foot”) long, shorter than a 棒 (bō, “quarterstaff”) • (historical) under the ancient Ritsuryō system, caning as a form of corporal punishment • (historical) a traditional unit of area: one-fifth of a 段 (tan, traditional Japanese paddy size, roughly half of an English acre), or around 237m² 杖 • (jang) · 杖 • (jang) (hangeul 장, revised jang, McCune–Reischauer chang, Yale cang) Hán-Nôm : trượng • Hán-Nôm : rường 杖
杜 ‖ Possibly be a Kra-Dai substrate word; compare Zhuang duz (“classifier for animals”), which is a prefix found in the vocabulary for many animals like duzgip (“centipede”), duzgyau (“spider”) and duzlingz (“monkey”) (Zhao, 1991; Tu, 2018). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tōo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǒo • Middle-Chinese : duX ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tōo birch-leaved pear (Pyrus betulifolia) • to stop; to prevent; to block • to reject • (obsolete) to pound; to strike • (obsolete, dialectal) astringent • (obsolete, dialectal) root • Asarum forbesii • Pollia japonica • name of an ancient pre-Qin state located in present-day Xi'an, Shaanxi • a surname ‖ (Eastern Min, Southern Min) Prefix found in the names of certain animals. ‖ 杜(もり) • (mori) ‖ 杜(やまなし) • (yamanashi) ‖ 杜(と) • (To) careless • woods; grove • Chinese family name "Du" ‖ a shrine grove • a forest ‖ wild Japanese pear or mountain pear ‖ Du Fu, Chinese poet 杜 • (du) · 杜 • (du) (hangeul 두, revised du, McCune–Reischauer tu, Yale twu) canonical : 杜: Hán Việt readings: đỗ • canonical : đổ 杜: Nôm readings: đỗ • canonical : đậu • canonical : đổ • canonical : dỏ • canonical : đũa • canonical : đỏ • canonical : dỗ • canonical : đủ • canonical : giỗ • canonical : rổ • canonical : trỗ chữ Hán form of Đỗ (“a surname”). 杜
杭 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡaːŋ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 亢 (OC *kaːŋ, *kʰaːŋs). \ Originally a variant of 抗 (OC *kʰaːŋs, *ɡaːŋ, “to fight against”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡaːŋ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 亢 (OC *kaːŋ, *kʰaːŋs). \ Originally a variant of 抗 (OC *kʰaːŋs, *ɡaːŋ, “to fight against”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡaːŋ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 亢 (OC *kaːŋ, *kʰaːŋs). \ Originally a variant of 抗 (OC *kʰaːŋs, *ɡaːŋ, “to fight against”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡaːŋ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 亢 (OC *kaːŋ, *kʰaːŋs). \ Originally a variant of 抗 (OC *kʰaːŋs, *ɡaːŋ, “to fight against”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hâng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hông • Middle-Chinese : hang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄤ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄤˋ ‖ Alternative form of 航 (háng, “boat; ship”) • Alternative form of 航 (háng, “to cross a stream; to ferry”) • Alternative form of 航 (háng, “to sail; to navigate”) • (dialectal) suddenly; all of a sudden • Short for 杭州 (Hángzhōu, “Hangzhou”). • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 康 (kāng, “broad road”) ‖ Alternative form of 抗 (kàng, “to resist; to fight”) • Alternative form of 抗 (kàng, “to raise; to lift up”) • Alternative form of 抗 (kàng, “high”) ‖ (Northern Wu) Alternative form of 行 (“to endure; to bear; to shoulder”) stake, picket • stump 杭 • (hang) · 杭 • (hang) (hangeul 항, revised hang, McCune–Reischauer hang, Yale hang) Hán-Nôm : cáng • Hán-Nôm : hàng • Hán-Nôm : khiêng 杭
杰 For pronunciation and definitions of 杰 – see 傑 (“outstanding; remarkable; hero; etc.”). \ (This character is the simplified and variant form of 傑). \ Notes: \ Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. \ Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan. ‖ Probably a Kra-Dai substrate. Compare Zhuang gwd (“viscous”), Bouyei geg (“viscous”), Lingao kɔt⁸ (“viscous”). Cognate with Fuzhou Eastern Min 𬇴 (gṳ̆k, “viscous”) and Teochew 𫀸 (geg8, “viscous”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : git⁶ ‖ Used in personal names. ‖ (Cantonese) thick; viscous • (Cantonese) serious 杰 • (geol) · 杰 • (geol) (hangeul 걸, revised geol, McCune–Reischauer kŏl, Yale kel) Hán-Nôm : kiệt 杰
枉 Related to 紆 (OC) ~ 迂 (OC *qʷa), 匡 (OC *kʰʷaŋ), 腕 (OC *qoːns), 冤 (OC *qon) (Schuessler, 2007). See 迂 (yū) for further etymology. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wong² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : óng • Middle-Chinese : 'jwangX bent; crooked • depraved; indecent; perverse • to distort; to twist; to bend • unjust; wrong • injustice • (literary) to condescend; to deign • in vain; to no avail; for naught • (Hong Kong Cantonese, triad slang) three 枉 • (wang) · 枉 • (wang) (hangeul 왕, revised wang, McCune–Reischauer wang, Yale wang) Hán-Nôm : uổng 枉
枚 Generally thought to be an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 木 (“tree; wood”) + 攴 (“hand holding a stick”). \ However, Zhengzhang (2003) considers it to be a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mɯːl) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 文 (OC *mɯn), where 文 was later corrupted to 攴. \ From Austroasiatic; compare Old Khmer mek (“branch; bough”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ From Lingao mɔʔ⁸ (classifier for objects) (Fu, 2008). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mui⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : muî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : buê • Middle-Chinese : mwoj ‖ (archaic) stalk of shrub; trunk of tree • (historical) wooden peg (a gag for marching soldiers to prevent talking) • (obsolete) small wooden rod; counting rod • (dated) Classifier for generic countable objects. • (dated) Classifier for generic countable objects. · one by one; each • Classifier for certain small, flat objects, such as coins, stamps, badges, pearls, sporting medals. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier • Classifier for rockets, satellites and certain weapons (especially bombs). • (neologism) Classifier for people. • (neologism) Classifier for flat thin objects (especially followed by 入 mimicking Japanese usage to give an exotic flair or exaggerated quality perception of a product) • a surname: Mei ‖ (Hainanese) Classifier for generic countable objects. ‖ 枚(ひら) • (hira) ‖ 枚(まい) • (-mai) ‖ an object that is thin and flat ‖ counter for flat thin objects or sheets 枚 (eum 매 (mae)) Hán-Nôm : mai 枚
柏 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *praːɡ) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 白 (OC *braːɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *praːɡ) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 白 (OC *braːɡ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄞˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paak³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baak³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : peh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : peeh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piak • Middle-Chinese : paek ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baak³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paak³ cypress • Alternative form of 伯 • Alternative form of 迫 • (～國) Bai, Bo (an ancient state in modern Henan) • (～市) Kashiwa City, a city in Japan • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 檗, used in 黃柏／黄柏 (huángbò). ‖ 柏(かしわ) or 柏(カシワ) • (kashiwa) ‖ 柏(かしわ) • (Kashiwa) oak • (rare) Japanese nutmeg yew, kaya, Torreya nucifera ‖ oak ‖ Kashiwa (a city in Chiba Prefecture, Japan) • a female given name 柏 • (baek) · 柏 • (baek) (hangeul 백) Used in the names of certain trees Hán-Nôm : bách • Hán-Nôm : bá 柏
柑 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːm) : semantic 木 (“wood; tree”) + phonetic 甘 (OC *kaːm). \ Either the same etymon as 甘 (OC *kaːm, “sweet”) (Wang, 1982), or, in light of the citrus fruit's southern origin, possibly connected with Austroasiatic; compare Proto-Austroasiatic *ŋaːm (Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gam¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kam • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kann • Middle-Chinese : kam mandarin orange • tangerine • (dialectal Hakka, Mingxi Min, Waxiang) pomelo ‖ 柑(かん) • (kan) ‖ citrus fruit 柑 • (gam, geom) · 柑 • (gam, geom) (hangeul 감, 검, revised gam, geom, McCune–Reischauer kam, kŏm, Yale kam, kem) Hán-Nôm : cam • Hán-Nôm : cùm 柑
查 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsraː, *zraː, *zraː) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 且 (OC *sʰjaːʔ, *ʔsa) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsraː, *zraː, *zraː) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 且 (OC *sʰjaːʔ, *ʔsa) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsraː, *zraː, *zraː) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 且 (OC *sʰjaːʔ, *ʔsa) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caa⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsêe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsa • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsee • Middle-Chinese : dzrae ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caa⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsa • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsee ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caai⁴ • Middle-Chinese : dzrea (alt. form 槎) Original form of 楂 (chá, “wooden raft”). • to investigate; to examine; to look into; to probe • to look up something in; to search in; to consult ‖ Alternative form of 楂 (zhā, “hawthorn”) • a surname • (dialectal) I; me ‖ (colloquial) government official investigate, inspect 查 (eumhun 사실할 사 (sasilhal sa)) Alternative form of 査 Hán-Nôm : tra • Hán-Nôm : già 查
柬 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 束 (“tie”) + 八 (“individually”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaan² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kán • Middle-Chinese : keanX Alternative form of 揀／拣 (jiǎn, “to pick; to select”) • letter; note; invitation • Short for 柬埔寨 (Jiǎnpǔzhài, “Cambodia”). • Alternative form of 簡／简 (jiǎn) select, pick out 柬 • (gan) · 柬 • (gan) (hangeul 간) Hán-Nôm : giản 柬
柴 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zreː) : phonetic 此 (OC *sʰeʔ) + semantic 木. \ Perhaps related to 槎 (OC *zraːl, *zraːlʔ, “to cut trees”) (Schuessler, 2007). Compare also Khmer ឈើ (chəə, “wood”) (ibid.). \ On the other hand, the Min forms (e.g. Jian'ou châu, Fuzhou chà, Xiamen chhâ) are from 樵 (OC *zew). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zreː) : phonetic 此 (OC *sʰeʔ) + semantic 木. \ Perhaps related to 槎 (OC *zraːl, *zraːlʔ, “to cut trees”) (Schuessler, 2007). Compare also Khmer ឈើ (chəə, “wood”) (ibid.). \ On the other hand, the Min forms (e.g. Jian'ou châu, Fuzhou chà, Xiamen chhâ) are from 樵 (OC *zew). ‖ From English chevron (Leung, 2018). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshâi • Middle-Chinese : dzrea ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaai⁶ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : caai⁴ faggot; bundle of sticks bound together (as fuel) • firewood; brushwood; wood • (obsolete) to burn firewood and worship heaven • (dialectal) bony; skinny • (dialectal, of food) tough; stringy; hard to chew • (dialectal) no good; poor; inferior • (Min) slow and inarticulate; dull • a surname ‖ to fence; to surround and protect with fence (made of wood) • to cover; to place something over • to stop; to block; to obstruct • Alternative form of 寨 (zhài, “defending fence”) • Alternative form of 寨 (zhài, “villa”) ‖ (Hong Kong) chevron (insignia); stripe (Classifier: 條／条 c) ‖ 柴(しば) • (shiba) ‖ 柴(しば) • (Shiba) brushwood • firewood ‖ brushwood, firewood ‖ a surname 柴 • (si, chae) · 柴 • (si, chae) (hangeul 시, 채, revised si, chae, McCune–Reischauer si, ch'ae, Yale si, chay) Hán-Nôm : sài • Hán-Nôm : thầy • Hán-Nôm : thài • Hán-Nôm : thày • Hán-Nôm : sầy • Hán-Nôm : xầy 柴
柵 ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄕ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caak³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaap³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : san • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsheh • Middle-Chinese : sraenH • Middle-Chinese : tsrhjaek • Middle-Chinese : tsrheak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caak³ fence; railing; palisade ‖ Only used in 柵極／栅极 and 光柵／光栅 (guāngshān). ‖ Only used in 上柵／上栅 and 下柵／下栅, place names in Zhongshan, Guangdong. ‖ 柵(さく) • (saku) ‖ 柵(さく) • (Saku) ‖ 柵(しがらみ) • (shigarami) ‖ 柵(しがらみ) • (Shigarami) ‖ 柵(き) • (ki) ‖ 柵(くえ) • (kue) ^(←くへ (kufe)?) fence, stockade • fort • weir ‖ a fence • (by extension) a wooden fort • a weir ‖ a surname ‖ a weir • (by extension) an obstacle ‖ a surname ‖ a fortress ‖ (obsolete) a fence • the exit and entrance of a port 柵 (eumhun 울타리 책 (ultari chaek)) hanja form of 책 (“fence”) Hán-Nôm : sách 柵
框 Cantonese · Jyutping : hong¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwaang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwaak¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄤˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄤˋㄦ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄤ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khing • Middle-Chinese : khjwang frame • framework • door frame • to restrain; to restrict ‖ 框(かまち) • (kamachi) frame • (narrowly) door frame ‖ window frame or door frame 框 • (gwang) · 框 • (gwang) (hangeul 광, revised gwang, McCune–Reischauer kwang, Yale kwang) Hán-Nôm : chuồng • Hán-Nôm : khuông 框
桌 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rteːwɢ) : phonetic 卓 (OC *rteːwɢ, “high”) + semantic 木 (“tree; wood”) – table. The bottom 十 of 卓 has merged with or been replaced by 木. \ From 卓 (OC *rteːwɢ, “high”), as tables are relatively tall (compared to other pieces of furniture like 几). \ Similar descriptive derivations for pieces of furniture include: 登 (“to climb”) > 凳 (“stool”); 倚 (“to lean”) > 椅 (“chair”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄛ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄛㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : toh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tok • Middle-Chinese : traewk table; desk; stand • Classifier for tablefuls of dishes or people: table • (Hokkien) feast; banquet Hán-Nôm : trác • Hán-Nôm : trướp (obsolete) a table 桌
桐 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *doːŋ) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 同 (OC *doːŋ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tâng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thâng • Middle-Chinese : duwng various trees related to the tung tree (now distinguished as oil-tung 油桐), particularly paulownia • a surname ‖ 桐(きり) or 桐(キリ) • (kiri) ‖ 桐(きり) • (Kiri) paulownia ‖ the paulownia tree, Paulownia tomentosa • a 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) with various designs of paulownia flowers and leaves • (card games) the paulownia suit in a hanafuda deck, representing the month of December • (colloquial) a koto (Japanese zither) • (colloquial) money, especially gold coins such as the 大判 (ōban) and the 小判 (koban) ‖ a female given name • a surname 桐 (eumhun 오동나무 동 (odongnamu dong)) Hán-Nôm : đồng 桐
桔 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kiːd) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 吉 (OC *klid). ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : git³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gat¹ • Middle-Chinese : ket ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gat¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiat ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kit³ Used in 桔梗 (jiégěng). • Used in 桔槔 (jiégāo, “well sweep”); also used as its short form. • to suspend with a well sweep ‖ Alternative form of 橘 (jú) ‖ Only used in 桔柣. (used in plant names) 桔 • (gil) · 桔 • (gil) (hangeul 길, revised gil, McCune–Reischauer kil, Yale kil) Hán-Nôm : cát • Hán-Nôm : quất • Hán-Nôm : kết 桔
桶 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰoːŋʔ, *l'oːŋʔ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 甬 (OC *loŋʔ). \ Compare Khmer ថាំង (thang), Thai ถัง (tǎng). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tung² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tháng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thóng • Middle-Chinese : thuwngX • Middle-Chinese : duwngX pail; bucket; tub • cask; keg • barrel (unit) • (Philippine Hokkien) million ‖ 桶(おけ) • (oke) ^(←をけ (woke)?) ‖ 桶(こが) • (koga) a tub, a bucket ‖ a tube-shaped container for holding split flax or hemp, usually made of thin cypress wood bent to shape • by extension, a pail, bucket, tub, or basin similar to a barrel in construction, made of long thin pieces of cedar or cypress extending up from a base and held in place with hoops; may be small enough to carry in one hand, or large enough to bathe in • (Noh theater) a stool on stage, on which an actor sits ‖ (archaic, possibly obsolete) an oke (tub, bucket, basin) or taru (樽, “barrel”) 桶 • (tong, yong) · 桶 • (tong, yong) (hangeul 통, 용, revised tong, yong, McCune–Reischauer t'ong, yong, Yale thong, yong) (통 통, tong-): barrel, bucket, can, cask, pail, tub, vat, compare ton, Dut. ton ("vat") Hán-Nôm : thùng 桶
梆 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pang • Middle-Chinese : paewng watchman's rattle • (onomatopoeia) rat-tat; rat-a-tat 梆 (eum 방 (bang)) Hán-Nôm : bương • Hán-Nôm : bang 梆
條 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯːw) : phonetic 攸 (OC *lɯw) + semantic 木. \ Related to 悠 (OC *lɯw, “remote; distant”), 修 (OC *slɯw, “long and thin”) (Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄠˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄠˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâu • Middle-Chinese : dew strip; slip • twig; branch • long and thin objects • (of law or treaty) item; article; section; clause; condition • informal note • order • Classifier for long and thin objects or animals. • Classifier for something that can be listed item by item, such as reasons, (pieces of) news, messages, advices, etc. • Classifier for lives or minds. • (dialectal Cantonese, Hakka, Southern Min) Classifier for songs. • (Cantonese) Classifier for villages. • (Cantonese, often derogatory) Classifier for people. • (Cantonese) Classifier for consecutive digits. 條 (eum 조 (jo)) Hán-Nôm : điều 條
梢 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sreːw) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 肖 (OC *slew, *slews). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siau • Middle-Chinese : sraew pointed tip of something long like a branch • rudder ‖ 梢(こずえ) • (kozue) ^(←こずゑ (kozwe)?) ‖ 梢(こずえ) • (Kozue) ^(←こずゑ (kozwe)?) ‖ 梢(しょう) • (Shō) ^(←せう (seu)?) treetop ‖ a treetop ‖ a female given name • a surname ‖ a female given name 梢 • (cho) · 梢 • (cho) (hangeul 초, revised cho, McCune–Reischauer ch'o, Yale cho) Hán-Nôm : sao 梢
梧 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ng⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gôo • Middle-Chinese : ngu Chinese parasol tree (Firmiana platanifolia), also known as Sterculia platanifolia 梧 • (o) · 梧 • (o) (hangeul 오, revised o, McCune–Reischauer o, Yale o) Hán-Nôm : ngô 梧
梭 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sloːl) : semantic 木 + phonetic 夋 (OC *sʰlun). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sloːl) : semantic 木 + phonetic 夋 (OC *sʰlun). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : so¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : so • Hokkien · Tai-lo : soo • Middle-Chinese : swa ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄣˋ weaver's shuttle • go to and fro • Classifier for shuttles of threads. ‖ Populus euphratica • lush ‖ 梭(ひ) • (hi) ‖ 梭(さ) • (sa) ‖ (weaving) shuttle ‖ (weaving) shuttle 梭 (eum 사 (sa)) Hán-Nôm : thoi 梭
梯 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰiːl) : semantic 木 (“wood, tree”) + phonetic 弟 (OC *diːlʔ, *diːls) – a wooden ladder. Cantonese · Jyutping : tai¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thui • Hokkien · Tai-lo : the • Middle-Chinese : thej ladder; steps; stairs (Classifier: 條／条 c; 堂 c) • ladder-shaped object • to climb • to lean against • (Hong Kong, in compounds) escalator 梯 • (je) · 梯 • (je) (hangeul 제) Hán-Nôm : thê 梯
梳 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sŋra) : semantic 木 + abbreviated phonetic 疏 (OC *sŋra, *sŋras). \ Traditionally thought to be related to 疏 (OC *sŋra, “distant; sparse”), as compared to 篦 (OC *piː, *bis, “fine-tooth comb”) (Shiming; Wang, 1982). \ However, Schuessler (2007) considers this to be folk etymology and instead proposes that this is related to Tibetan གཤོད (gshod, “to comb”), Proto-Kuki-Chin *hriat (“to comb; to brush”). STEDT provisionally reconstructs Proto-Tibeto-Burman *g-s-j(w)at (“to comb; to brush”) and also notes possible connection to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *m-si-t (“comb; rake”). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : soo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sue • Hokkien · Tai-lo : se • Middle-Chinese : srjo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨ comb; brush (Classifier: 把 c) • to comb; to brush (hair, etc.) • (Cantonese) Classifier for bunches of fruit, especially bananas. ‖ (chiefly Cantonese) Used in transcription. 梳 • (so) · 梳 • (so) (hangeul 소, revised so, McCune–Reischauer so, Yale so) comb, brush Hán-Nôm : sơ 梳
棉 Variant of 綿 by replacing 糸 with 木 (裘錫圭：《文字學概要（修訂本）》, p222). \ Attested late, in Tang dynasty; unless Shijing’s 綿蠻 (OC *men mroːn, “tiny, delicate”) (according to Mao Commentary) is derived from "cotton" (Schuessler, 2007). \ Etymology unclear, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan (Schuessler, 2007)? Tibetan བལ། (bal) is cognate to either this or 蟠 (OC *baːn, *ban, “to coil, to curl”) (ibid.). Cantonese · Jyutping : min⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : biân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mî • Middle-Chinese : mjien kapok (tree, fiber) • cotton (tree, fiber) • cotton-like material • a surname: Mian cotton • batting, stuffing 棉 (eum 면 (myeon)) Hán-Nôm : miên 棉
棍 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kuːns, *ɡuːnʔ) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 昆 (OC *kuːn). Cantonese · Jyutping : gwan³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄣˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kùn • Middle-Chinese : hwonX stick; cudgel (Classifier: 轆／辘 c) • scoundrel • (Cantonese, euphemistic) penis 棍 • (gon, hon) · 棍 • (gon, hon) (hangeul 곤, 혼) Hán-Nôm : côn • Hán-Nôm : gon • Hán-Nôm : gòn 棍
棕 Originally written as 椶, a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsoːŋ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 㚇. The phonetic component was later replaced by 宗 (zōng). \ Wang (1982) relates it to 總 (OC *ʔsloːŋʔ, “to collect”), 稯 (OC *ʔsoːŋ, “sheaf; bundle”), 鬃 (OC *ʔsoːŋ, “mane”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsong • Middle-Chinese : tsuwng palm tree • palm fiber • brown (color, similar to that of fibers made from a palm's leaf sheath) 棕 (eumhun 종려나무 종 (jongnyeonamu jong)) hanja form of 종 (“palm tree”) Hán-Nôm : sồng • Hán-Nôm : tông 棕
棘 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kik • Middle-Chinese : kik ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : kik¹ jujube tree • thorny bush; bramble • thorns • thorny • to prick • Synonym of 戟 (jǐ, “halberd”) ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 撠 (kik1, “to be stuck”) ‖ 棘(とげ) • (toge) ‖ 棘(いばら) or 棘(イバラ) • (ibara) ‖ thorn ‖ a shrub with thorns: a bramble, a briar • thorn • a thorny flower of the genus Rosa: a rose 棘 • (geuk) · 棘 • (geuk) (hangeul 극, revised geuk, McCune–Reischauer kŭk, Yale kuk) Hán-Nôm : gấc • Hán-Nôm : cức 棘
棟 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *toːŋs) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 東 (OC *toːŋ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dung³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dung⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tàng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiòng • Middle-Chinese : tuwngH main beam supporting a house; ridgepole • (literary) house; building • Classifier for buildings. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier • (figurative) important person; pillars of the state • (Sichuanese) mountain ridge; mountain peak • a surname: Dong ‖ 棟(とう) or 棟(むね) • (-tō or -mune) ‖ 棟(とう) • (tō) · 棟(むね) • (mune) ‖ 棟(とう) • (-tō) ‖ buildings ‖ large building • ridge of a roof ‖ building 棟 • (dong) · 棟 • (dong) (hangeul 동, revised dong, McCune–Reischauer tong, Yale tong) Hán-Nôm : đống 棟
棠 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *daːŋ) : phonetic 尚 (OC *djaŋ, *djaŋs) + semantic 木 (“tree, wood”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tông • Middle-Chinese : dang crabapple tree • wild plum 棠 • (dang) · 棠 • (dang) (hangeul 당, revised dang, McCune–Reischauer tang, Yale tang) Hán-Nôm : đường 棠
棵 ‖ For pronunciation and definitions of 棵 – see 樖. \ (This character is a variant form of 樖). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fo² • Cantonese · Jyutping : fo¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kho • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kher ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜˇ Classifier for plants. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier ‖ a kind of chopping board Classifier for counting plants. • Cut tree. • Piece of wood. • Bunch of firewood. Hán-Nôm : quả • Hán-Nôm : khỏa • Hán-Nôm : khoả 棵
椒 Cantonese · Jyutping : ziu¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsio • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiau • Middle-Chinese : tsjew (originally) Sichuan pepper • any similar plants and spices, such as pepper and chili • summit • a surname Hán-Nôm : tiêu any spices or plants, usually peppers 椒
椰 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *laː) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 耶 (OC *laː). \ Attested as early as the Jin dynasty (晉朝). Compare earlier form 楈枒 (OC *sŋa/sŋaʔ ŋraː/ŋraːs), 胥邪 (OC *sŋa/sŋaʔ ljaː/laː), 胥餘 (OC *sŋa/sŋaʔ la) (attested since Han dynasty). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iâ • Middle-Chinese : yae ^⁜ coconut palm • (now in compounds or dialectal) coconut (Classifier: 個／个 c) palm tree 椰 • (ya) · 椰 • (ya) (hangeul 야, revised ya, McCune–Reischauer ya, Yale ya) Hán-Nôm : da • Hán-Nôm : dà • Hán-Nôm : dừa • Hán-Nôm : gia 椰
楊 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *laŋ) : semantic 木 (“tree, wood”) + phonetic 昜 (OC *laŋ) – a kind of tree. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *glaŋ (“poplar, willow”). Cognate with Tibetan ལྕང་མ (lcang ma, “willow”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iûnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iônn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiûnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiônn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiōnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iâng • Middle-Chinese : yang poplar; aspen; willow • Used in 楊桃／杨桃 (yángtáo). • Used in 楊梅／杨梅 (yángméi). • a surname, listed sixteenth in the Baijiaxing • Young (English given name) ‖ 楊(よう) • (yō) ‖ willow; poplar; aspen 楊 • (yang) · 楊 • (yang) (hangeul 양, revised yang, McCune–Reischauer yang, Yale yang) (버들): willow Hán-Nôm : dương chữ Hán form of Dương (“a surname”). 楊
楚 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sŋ̊ʰraʔ, *sŋ̊ʰras) : semantic 林 (“forest; grove; woods”) + phonetic 疋 (OC *ŋraːʔ, *sŋra, *sŋraʔ). \ Schuessler (2007) proposes an Austroasiatic origin; compare Proto-Austroasiatic *ɟrla(ː)ʔ (“thorn”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshó • Middle-Chinese : tsrhjoX • Middle-Chinese : tsrhjoH (obsolete) Vitex; Chinese chaste tree (Vitex negundo) • (obsolete) thick growth of weeds or trees • (historical) punishment cane • (historical) to beat with a punishment cane • painful; suffering • neat; clear; orderly; arranged • bright; gorgeous • (obsolete) vulgar; unrefined • (～國) (historical) Chu (an ancient Chinese viscounty and kingdom along the Yangtze River during the Zhou dynasty) • modern-day Hubei and Hunan (where the state of Chu was located) • (specifically) Hubei • a surname whip • cane 楚 • (cho) · 楚 • (cho) (hangeul 초, revised cho, McCune–Reischauer ch'o, Yale cho) name of feudal state • clear Hán-Nôm : sở • Hán-Nôm : sỡ 楚
榆 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lo) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 俞 (OC *l̥ʰus, *lo). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : û • Hokkien · Tai-lo : î • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jû • Middle-Chinese : yu elm tree elm tree 榆 • (yu) · 榆 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu, Yale yu) Hán-Nôm : du 榆
榔 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : long⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nn̂g • Middle-Chinese : lang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄤˇ • Middle-Chinese : langX Used in compounds. ‖ betel palm 榔 • (rang>nang) · 榔 • (rang>nang) (hangeul 랑>낭, revised rang>nang, McCune–Reischauer rang>nang, Yale lang>nang) Hán-Nôm : lang • Hán-Nôm : trang betel nut tree 榔
榕 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *loŋ) : semantic 木 + phonetic 容 (OC *loŋ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siông banyan tree • Short for 榕城 (Róngchéng, “Fuzhou”). 榕 (eum 용 (yong)) Hán-Nôm : dung 榕
榜 ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bong² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pńg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : póng • Middle-Chinese : pangX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄤˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pong³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bong³ • Middle-Chinese : paengH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pang⁴ • Middle-Chinese : baeng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄤˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄤˇ placard; inscribed board • notice; announcement • list of successful candidates ‖ boat oar; boat • to row • to beat up a person • Alternative form of 傍 ‖ Only used in 榜檠. • to beat up a person (type of punishment in ancient times) ‖ ^‡ type of wood • Alternative form of 旁 ‖ (dialectal) to loosen soil 榜 • (bang, byeong) · 榜 • (bang, byeong) (hangeul 방, 병, revised bang, byeong, McCune–Reischauer pang, pyŏng, Yale pang, pyeng) Hán-Nôm : bàng • Hán-Nôm : báng • Hán-Nôm : bảng • Hán-Nôm : bửng • Hán-Nôm : vảng • Hán-Nôm : bứng • Hán-Nôm : phẳng 榜
榨 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsraːɡs) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 窄 (OC *ʔsraːɡ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsèe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsà • Middle-Chinese : tsraeH to press or extract juices; to squeeze • press to extract juices • (figurative) to exploit; to force; to oppress; to repress • a surname: Zha 榨 • (ja) · 榨 • (ja) (hangeul 자, revised ja, McCune–Reischauer cha, Yale ca) Hán-Nôm : trá 榨
榮 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷreŋ) : abbreviated phonetic 熒 (OC *ɡʷeːŋ) + semantic 木 \ Same word as 熒 (OC *ɡʷeːŋ) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for etymology. Cantonese · Jyutping : wing⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : îng • Middle-Chinese : hjwaeng glory; honour • to flourish; to prosper • (～縣) Rong County (a county of Zigong, Sichuan, China) • a surname ‖ Kyūjitai form of 栄 ‖ 榮 (eumhun 꽃 영 (kkot yeong)) hanja form of 영 (“glory, honour”) • hanja form of 영 (“flourish, prosper”) Hán-Nôm : vinh • Hán-Nôm : vang • Hán-Nôm : vành • Hán-Nôm : vểnh • Hán-Nôm : vênh • Hán-Nôm : vanh • Hán-Nôm : văng glory, honour • Vinh, the capital of Nghệ An Province 榮
榴 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *m·ru) : semantic 木 + phonetic 留 (OC *m·ru, *m·rus). \ The botanist Li Shizhen suggests that 榴 is the same as 瘤 (OC *m·ru, *m·rus, “lump, tumour”), as the pomegranate fruit resembles cancerous outgrowths on the body. Cantonese · Jyutping : lau⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄡˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liû • Middle-Chinese : ljuw Short for 石榴 (shíliú, “pomegranate”). • a surname pomegranate 榴 • (ryu>yu) · 榴 • (ryu>yu) (hangeul 류>유, revised ryu>yu, McCune–Reischauer ryu>yu, Yale lyu>yu) Hán-Nôm : lựu 榴
槐 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huâi • Middle-Chinese : hweaj • Middle-Chinese : hwoj Chinese scholar tree (Styphnolobium japonicum); Japanese pagoda tree; locust tree • (alt. form 褱) Dipsacus asper • (Chinese mythology) Huai of Xia (eighth king of the semi-legendary Xia dynasty) • a surname ‖ 槐(えんじゅ) or 槐(エンジュ) • (enju) ‖ pagoda tree (Styphnolobium japonicum) 槐 (eum 괴 (goe)) Hán-Nôm : hòe • Hán-Nôm : hoè • Hán-Nôm : hoe 槐
樂 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 糸 (“string”) + 木 (“wood”) – strings on a piece of wood, i.e. a wooden musical instrument. \ The oracle bone form shows two strings connected to the wood. In the bronze inscriptions, a 白 (OC *braːɡ) component was added in between the two strings, which may either represent the thumb (fiddling) or a phonetic part. \ ; “music; joyful” \ : Also comparable is Middle Khmer leṅa (“to play”) and bhleṅa (“(playing) music”), whence Thai เล่น (lên, “to play”) and เพลง (pleeng, “music”). ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 糸 (“string”) + 木 (“wood”) – strings on a piece of wood, i.e. a wooden musical instrument. \ The oracle bone form shows two strings connected to the wood. In the bronze inscriptions, a 白 (OC *braːɡ) component was added in between the two strings, which may either represent the thumb (fiddling) or a phonetic part. \ ; “music; joyful” \ : Also comparable is Middle Khmer leṅa (“to play”) and bhleṅa (“(playing) music”), whence Thai เล่น (lên, “to play”) and เพลง (pleeng, “music”). ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 糸 (“string”) + 木 (“wood”) – strings on a piece of wood, i.e. a wooden musical instrument. \ The oracle bone form shows two strings connected to the wood. In the bronze inscriptions, a 白 (OC *braːɡ) component was added in between the two strings, which may either represent the thumb (fiddling) or a phonetic part. \ ; “music; joyful” \ : Also comparable is Middle Khmer leṅa (“to play”) and bhleṅa (“(playing) music”), whence Thai เล่น (lên, “to play”) and เพลง (pleeng, “music”). ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 糸 (“string”) + 木 (“wood”) – strings on a piece of wood, i.e. a wooden musical instrument. \ The oracle bone form shows two strings connected to the wood. In the bronze inscriptions, a 白 (OC *braːɡ) component was added in between the two strings, which may either represent the thumb (fiddling) or a phonetic part. \ ; “music; joyful” \ : Also comparable is Middle Khmer leṅa (“to play”) and bhleṅa (“(playing) music”), whence Thai เล่น (lên, “to play”) and เพลง (pleeng, “music”). ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 糸 (“string”) + 木 (“wood”) – strings on a piece of wood, i.e. a wooden musical instrument. \ The oracle bone form shows two strings connected to the wood. In the bronze inscriptions, a 白 (OC *braːɡ) component was added in between the two strings, which may either represent the thumb (fiddling) or a phonetic part. \ ; “music; joyful” \ : Also comparable is Middle Khmer leṅa (“to play”) and bhleṅa (“(playing) music”), whence Thai เล่น (lên, “to play”) and เพลง (pleeng, “music”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄝˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ga̍k • Middle-Chinese : ngaewk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄜˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lo̍k • Middle-Chinese : lak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄜˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngaau⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngāu • Middle-Chinese : ngaewH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄠˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lok³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lok⁶ music; tune; melody; song • (obsolete) to play music; to sing • (obsolete) musician • (obsolete) musical instrument • Short for 樂經／乐经 (Yuèjīng, “Classic of Music”). • a surname ‖ joyful; happy; glad • happiness; joy; pleasure • (obsolete) lasciviousness; lechery; decadence • to laugh; to smile • to enjoy; to love • (Cantonese) Short for 可樂／可乐 (kělè, “cola”). • 24th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "joy" (𝌝) • a surname ‖ (obsolete) to be fond of; to enjoy; to appreciate ‖ Used in place names. ‖ Used in compounds. Kyūjitai form of 楽 樂 (eumhun 노래 악 (norae ak)) ‖ 樂 (eumhun 즐길 락 (jeulgil rak), word-initial (South Korea) 즐길 낙 (jeulgil nak)) ‖ 樂 (eumhun 좋아할 요 (joahal yo)) hanja form of 악 (“music; tune; melody; song”) ‖ hanja form of 락/낙 (“to enjoy; happiness; pleasure”) ‖ (literary) hanja form of 요 (“to be fond of; to like”) Hán-Nôm : lạc • Hán-Nôm : nhạc 樂
樓 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·roː) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 婁 (OC *ɡ·roː, *ɡ·ro). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄡˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liô • Middle-Chinese : luw building (of two or more stories) (Classifier: 棟／栋 m c; 幢 m; 躉／趸 c; 間／间 c) • floor; level (Classifier: 層／层) • (Hong Kong) flat; apartment (Classifier: 層／层 c) • superstructure • Used in the name of some businesses • (Internet slang) comment; post • a surname tower • turret 樓 (eumhun 다락 루 (darak ru), word-initial (South Korea) 다락 누 (darak nu)) hanja form of 루/누 (“building of two or more stories”) Hán-Nôm : lâu • Hán-Nôm : lầu (literary) a multi-story building • floor (of a multi-level building) 樓
樟 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kjaŋ) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 章 (OC *kjaŋ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsionn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiang • Middle-Chinese : tsyang camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora) 樟 (eumhun 녹나무 장 (nongnamu jang)) Hán-Nôm : chương 樟
樣 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *laŋs) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 羕 (OC *laŋs). \ ; “appearance; etc.” \ ; “(ACG slang) -sama” Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁶⁻² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iūnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iōnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iǔnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iāng • Middle-Chinese : yangH appearance; form; shape • look; expression; air • type; kind; sort; variety; class; category • sample; specimen; example • (printing) proof • manner; style; way; fashion • Classifier for kinds or types of things. • (rare) An honorific. • (ACG, Internet, slang) -sama ‖ Kyūjitai form of 様: certain form or way; condition, state; design, pattern; indicates humbleness or politeness ‖ ‖ ‖ Hán-Nôm : dạng • Hán-Nôm : dáng • Hán-Nôm : nhàng 樣
橄 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *klaːmʔ) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 敢 (OC *klaːmʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaam³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gam² • Cantonese · Jyutping : gam³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kám • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kann • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kánn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kán • Middle-Chinese : kamX Only used in 橄欖／橄榄. 橄 • (gam) · 橄 • (gam) (hangeul 감, revised gam, McCune–Reischauer kam, Yale kam) Hán-Nôm : cạm • Hán-Nôm : cảm 橄
橘 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷid) : semantic 木 + phonetic 矞 (OC *ɢʷid). \ Unknown. Schuessler (2007) connected 橘 (OC kwit) to Khmer ឃ្វិច (khvɨc, “tangerine”) and also deemed as "less likely" connections to ក្រូច (krouc, “citrus”) and Proto-Hre-Sedang *kruč (Bodman, 1980). However, Alves (2018) considered this Old Chinese word's Austroasiatic origin likely, and compared it to Proto-Mon-Khmer *kruuc ~ kruəc. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwat¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kit • Middle-Chinese : kjwit mandarin orange, Citrus reticulata, tangerine, orange ‖ 橘(たちばな) or 橘(タチバナ) • (tachibana) ‖ 橘(たちばな) • (Tachibana) ‖ 橘(きつ) • (kitsu) ‖ 橘(きつ) • (Kitsu) ‖ Citrus tachibana, a species of wild, green, inedible citrus fruit native to Japan • Synonym of 唐橘 (kara-tachibana): the trifoliate orange, Citrus trifoliata, syn. Poncirus trifoliata • Synonym of 花橘 (hanatachibana): tachibana flowers; Ardesia crenata; Ardesia japonica; a kind of 襲の色目 (kasane no irome, “color combination by layering of garments”) • (archaic) generic name for citrus fruits that can be eaten raw • a 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) with designs of tachibana flowers, fruits, and leaves ‖ short for 橘氏 (Tachibana-uji): an ancient clan who often held high-ranking positions in the medieval Japanese court, descended from Agata no Inukai no Michiyo and later Tachibana no Moroe • (historical) a Sakura-class destroyer of the Imperial Japanese Navy (see Japanese destroyer Tachibana (1912) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia) • (historical) a destroyer subclass of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II, modified from the Matsu-class destroyers • (historical) the lead ship of the Tachibana-subclass destroyers (see Japanese destroyer Tachibana (1944) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia) • a placename, especially in Takaichi District, Nara Prefecture where the titular 菩提寺 (bodaiji) is located • a surname ‖ Citrus tachibana • the Tachibana clan ‖ a female given name • a surname 橘 (eumhun 귤나무 귤 (gyullamu gyul)) hanja form of 귤 (“tangerine”) Hán-Nôm : quất • Hán-Nôm : quít • Hán-Nôm : quầng • Hán-Nôm : quắt 橘
橙 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tɯːŋs, *rdɯːŋ) : semantic 木 (“tree; wood”) + phonetic 登 (OC *tɯːŋ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiâng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siâm • Middle-Chinese : dreang orange (the tree) • orange (the fruit) (Classifier: 隻／只 c; 楷 c) • orange (the color) ‖ 橙(だいだい) or 橙(ダイダイ) • (daidai) bitter orange ‖ the bitter orange (Citrus × aurantium) • (by extension) Short for 橙色 (daidai-iro): the color orange 橙 • (deung, jeung) · 橙 • (deung, jeung) (hangeul 등, 증) Hán-Nôm : chanh • Hán-Nôm : tranh 橙
橡 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siǒng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siāng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiǔnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiūnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiōnn • Middle-Chinese : zjangX Acorn (the fruit of the oak tree). • A tree in the genus Quercus. 橡 • (sang) · 橡 • (sang) (hangeul 상, revised sang, McCune–Reischauer sang, Yale sang) Hán-Nôm : tượng 橡
橫 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷraːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋs, *kʷaːŋ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 黃 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ). \ ; “crosswise > door rail; side; cross-grained; unrestrained” \ * Related to 衡 (OC *ɡraːŋ, “crossbar”), 桁 (OC *ɡaːŋ, *ɡraːŋ, “purlin”), 珩 (OC *ɡraːŋ, “top horizontal gem of a girdle-pendant”) and 璜 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ, “jade pendant”) (Wang, 1982), and possibly 樑 (OC *raŋ, “roof beam”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ * Schuessler (2007) connects these with Khmer ខ្វែង (khvaeng, “to cross; to intersect; to crisscross; diagonal; etc.”) < Old Khmer khveṅ (“to go far around; to encircle; to enclose”). Compare Thai ขวาง (kwǎang, “to lie across; to bar; to obstruct; to thwart”) and the Khmer derivatives កំពែង (kɑmpɛɛng, “enclosing wall; rampart”), កំពង់ (kɑmpŭəng, “crossing-place; ford; port; shore”) (cf. Malay kampung). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷraːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋs, *kʷaːŋ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 黃 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ). \ ; “crosswise > door rail; side; cross-grained; unrestrained” \ * Related to 衡 (OC *ɡraːŋ, “crossbar”), 桁 (OC *ɡaːŋ, *ɡraːŋ, “purlin”), 珩 (OC *ɡraːŋ, “top horizontal gem of a girdle-pendant”) and 璜 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ, “jade pendant”) (Wang, 1982), and possibly 樑 (OC *raŋ, “roof beam”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ * Schuessler (2007) connects these with Khmer ខ្វែង (khvaeng, “to cross; to intersect; to crisscross; diagonal; etc.”) < Old Khmer khveṅ (“to go far around; to encircle; to enclose”). Compare Thai ขวาง (kwǎang, “to lie across; to bar; to obstruct; to thwart”) and the Khmer derivatives កំពែង (kɑmpɛɛng, “enclosing wall; rampart”), កំពង់ (kɑmpŭəng, “crossing-place; ford; port; shore”) (cf. Malay kampung). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷraːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋs, *kʷaːŋ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 黃 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ). \ ; “crosswise > door rail; side; cross-grained; unrestrained” \ * Related to 衡 (OC *ɡraːŋ, “crossbar”), 桁 (OC *ɡaːŋ, *ɡraːŋ, “purlin”), 珩 (OC *ɡraːŋ, “top horizontal gem of a girdle-pendant”) and 璜 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ, “jade pendant”) (Wang, 1982), and possibly 樑 (OC *raŋ, “roof beam”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ * Schuessler (2007) connects these with Khmer ខ្វែង (khvaeng, “to cross; to intersect; to crisscross; diagonal; etc.”) < Old Khmer khveṅ (“to go far around; to encircle; to enclose”). Compare Thai ขวาง (kwǎang, “to lie across; to bar; to obstruct; to thwart”) and the Khmer derivatives កំពែង (kɑmpɛɛng, “enclosing wall; rampart”), កំពង់ (kɑmpŭəng, “crossing-place; ford; port; shore”) (cf. Malay kampung). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷraːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋs, *kʷaːŋ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 黃 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ). \ ; “crosswise > door rail; side; cross-grained; unrestrained” \ * Related to 衡 (OC *ɡraːŋ, “crossbar”), 桁 (OC *ɡaːŋ, *ɡraːŋ, “purlin”), 珩 (OC *ɡraːŋ, “top horizontal gem of a girdle-pendant”) and 璜 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ, “jade pendant”) (Wang, 1982), and possibly 樑 (OC *raŋ, “roof beam”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ * Schuessler (2007) connects these with Khmer ខ្វែង (khvaeng, “to cross; to intersect; to crisscross; diagonal; etc.”) < Old Khmer khveṅ (“to go far around; to encircle; to enclose”). Compare Thai ขวาง (kwǎang, “to lie across; to bar; to obstruct; to thwart”) and the Khmer derivatives កំពែង (kɑmpɛɛng, “enclosing wall; rampart”), កំពង់ (kɑmpŭəng, “crossing-place; ford; port; shore”) (cf. Malay kampung). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷraːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋs, *kʷaːŋ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 黃 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ). \ ; “crosswise > door rail; side; cross-grained; unrestrained” \ * Related to 衡 (OC *ɡraːŋ, “crossbar”), 桁 (OC *ɡaːŋ, *ɡraːŋ, “purlin”), 珩 (OC *ɡraːŋ, “top horizontal gem of a girdle-pendant”) and 璜 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ, “jade pendant”) (Wang, 1982), and possibly 樑 (OC *raŋ, “roof beam”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ * Schuessler (2007) connects these with Khmer ខ្វែង (khvaeng, “to cross; to intersect; to crisscross; diagonal; etc.”) < Old Khmer khveṅ (“to go far around; to encircle; to enclose”). Compare Thai ขวาง (kwǎang, “to lie across; to bar; to obstruct; to thwart”) and the Khmer derivatives កំពែង (kɑmpɛɛng, “enclosing wall; rampart”), កំពង់ (kɑmpŭəng, “crossing-place; ford; port; shore”) (cf. Malay kampung). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷraːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋs, *kʷaːŋ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 黃 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ). \ ; “crosswise > door rail; side; cross-grained; unrestrained” \ * Related to 衡 (OC *ɡraːŋ, “crossbar”), 桁 (OC *ɡaːŋ, *ɡraːŋ, “purlin”), 珩 (OC *ɡraːŋ, “top horizontal gem of a girdle-pendant”) and 璜 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ, “jade pendant”) (Wang, 1982), and possibly 樑 (OC *raŋ, “roof beam”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ * Schuessler (2007) connects these with Khmer ខ្វែង (khvaeng, “to cross; to intersect; to crisscross; diagonal; etc.”) < Old Khmer khveṅ (“to go far around; to encircle; to enclose”). Compare Thai ขวาง (kwǎang, “to lie across; to bar; to obstruct; to thwart”) and the Khmer derivatives កំពែង (kɑmpɛɛng, “enclosing wall; rampart”), កំពង់ (kɑmpŭəng, “crossing-place; ford; port; shore”) (cf. Malay kampung). Cantonese · Jyutping : waang⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huâinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huînn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huânn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huênn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hn̂g • Middle-Chinese : hwaeng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waang⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waang⁴ • Middle-Chinese : hwaengH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwong¹ • Middle-Chinese : kwang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄤˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˋ middle rail of a wooden door; crosspiece • to lie crossways; to be situated crosswise; to be horizontal • to move crosswise; to cross; to traverse; to stretch across • to cut crosswise; to intercept transversely • to hold crosswise; to put something horizontally; to wear across • crosswise; horizontal; transverse; across; east-west • (historical) Horizontal Alliance, i.e. states during the Warring States period in Chinese history which ally with Qin to participate in its ascendancy • side; nearby; something situated sideways • to cast a sidelong glance at; to look sideways • to brim with; to be brimming with; to fill; to be found all over • to place over; to cover • broad; vast; wide; extensive • to crisscross; to interlock; to intersect; to be mixed together • not listening to reason; unreasonable; unrestrained; outrageous • (Chinese calligraphy) horizontal stroke (㇐) • (historical) Alternative form of 衡 (héng, “supervisor; picket”) • (historical) Alternative form of 黌／黉 (hóng, “school”) • ancient placename in modern-day Shangqiu city in Henan province of China • (Beijing and Jilu Mandarin) probably; presumably; perhaps; maybe • (Beijing Mandarin, dialectal Wu) anyway; anyhow; in any case • a surname ‖ perverse and violent; unrestrained and aggressive; brutal and unreasonable; cross-grained • unrestrainedly; turbulently; intrusively and violently • in vain; wastefully • sudden (and catastrophic); unexpected; unpredicted • additional; supplementary; extra; extraneous • contingency; mishap; misfortune; accident ‖ Alternative form of 光 (“light”) • (～門) (historical) a gate of Chang'an City ‖ Alternative form of 桄 (“reel thread on a revolving frame”) ‖ Alternative form of 撗 (guàng, “a kind of grass”) ‖ Alternative form of 櫎／𰗓 (“a kind of tool”) Kyūjitai form of 横 橫 • (hoeng) · 橫 • (hoeng) (hangeul 횡) across • horizontal, lateral Hán-Nôm : hoành • Hán-Nôm : hoàng 橫
檢 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kramʔ) : semantic 木 + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gim² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiám • Middle-Chinese : kjemX ^† measure; standard • to restrain (especially oneself); to keep oneself in check • to check; to examine; to inspect • Alternative form of 撿／捡 • ^† book label • a surname 檢 (eumhun 검사할 검 (geomsahal geom)) hanja form of 검 (“check; examination; inspection”) Hán-Nôm : ghém • Hán-Nôm : kiểm 檢
檬 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *moːŋ) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 蒙 (OC *moːŋ). ‖ ‖ From Vietnamese bún. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mung⁴ • Middle-Chinese : muwng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mung⁴⁻¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bóng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mung⁴⁻¹ A type of locust-like tree. ‖ Used in 檸檬／柠檬 (níngméng, “lemon”). ‖ bún (Vietnamese rice vermicelli) 檬 (eumhun 레몬 (lemon) 몽 (remon ( lemon ) mong)) hanja form of 몽 (“lemon”) Hán-Nôm : muồng • Hán-Nôm : môm • Hán-Nôm : mông • Hán-Nôm : muỗm 檬
權 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡron) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 雚 (OC *koːns) – a type of tree named 黃華 (Shuowen); phonetically borrowed for "standard weight". \ From 拳 (OC *ɡron, “fist”) (Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuân • Middle-Chinese : gjwen power; authority • right; entitlement • ^† steelyard weight • ^† scales • to weigh; to measure; to judge • expediency; adaptability • tentatively; for the time being • (statistics) weight • a surname Kyūjitai form of 権 權 (eumhun 권세 권 (gwonse gwon)) hanja form of 권 (“power; right”) Hán-Nôm : quyền • Hán-Nôm : quàn 權
欣 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰɯn) : phonetic 斤 (OC *kɯn, *kɯns) + semantic 欠. \ Probably from the same word family as 喜 (OC *qʰlɯʔ) (Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄣ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hin • Hokkien · Tai-lo : him • Hokkien · Tai-lo : herm • Middle-Chinese : xj+n happy; joyous; delighted • to submit willingly; to submit happily • Used in 欣欣 (xīnxīn, “lush”). • a surname 欣 • (heun) · 欣 • (heun) (hangeul 흔, revised heun, McCune–Reischauer hŭn, Yale hun) Hán-Nôm : hân • Hán-Nôm : hơn • Hán-Nôm : hoen • Hán-Nôm : hớn • Hán-Nôm : hăng 欣
歇 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰad) : phonetic 曷 (OC *ɡaːd) + semantic 欠. \ Related to 愒 (OC *kʰrad) (Sagart, 2007) and 憩 (OC *kʰrads) (Wang, 1982). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hioh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hennh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : heh • Middle-Chinese : xjot to rest; to relax • to take a break; to stop; to cease • to decline; to decay; to fade • to dissipate; to diffuse • a short moment • (Teochew) to stop • (dialectal) to sleep • (Northern Wu, dated in Shanghainese) Used to indicate that a verb has been experienced by the speaker. • (Ningbonese) to lack; to be absent 歇 • (heol) · 歇 • (heol) (hangeul 헐, revised heol, McCune–Reischauer hŏl, Yale hel) Hán-Nôm : hết • Hán-Nôm : hít • Hán-Nôm : yết • Hán-Nôm : hét • Hán-Nôm : hiết • Hán-Nôm : hớt 歇
歉 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰreːms, *kʰreːmʔ, *kʰeːmʔ, *kʰeːms) : phonetic 兼 (OC *keːm, *keːms) + semantic 欠 (“person with mouth open”) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hip³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : him³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiàm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiám • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiam • Middle-Chinese : khemX • Middle-Chinese : kheamX • Middle-Chinese : kheamH deficient; lacking; insufficient • to apologize • to regret; to be dissatisfied • crop failure; poor harvest • (obsolete) to not eat enough food insufficiency • lack • shortage 歉 • (gyeom) · 歉 • (gyeom) (hangeul 겸, revised gyeom, McCune–Reischauer kyŏm, Yale kyem) Hán-Nôm : gồm • Hán-Nôm : khiểm • Hán-Nôm : khiễm • Hán-Nôm : khiệm 歉
歡 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰoːn) : phonetic 雚 (OC *koːns) + semantic 欠. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fun¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huann • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huan • Middle-Chinese : xwan happy; pleased; glad; joyous • (literary) friendly; amicable • (literary) liking; friendly feelings • lover; beloved; sweetheart • (dialectal) lively; energetic Kyūjitai form of 歓 (joy, delight) 歡 • (hwan) · 歡 • (hwan) (hangeul 환, revised hwan, McCune–Reischauer hwan, Yale hwan) Hán-Nôm : hoan • Hán-Nôm : hoen 歡
歧 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kî • Middle-Chinese : gjie forked road • fork; divide • forked; divergent; different 歧 (eum 기 (gi)) Hán-Nôm : kì 歧
歪 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 不 (“not”) + 正 (“straight; proper”). ‖ ‖ Mai (2017) considers 佊 (MC pjeX) to be a possible etymon, noting other (rare) instances in Cantonese where /m/ is a reflex of the historical 幫 (MC pang) initial, and where /ɛ/ is a reflex of the 支 (MC tsye) final. ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄞ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uai ‖ ‖ ‖ slanted; inclined; askew; awry; crooked; lopsided • crooked; perverse; improper; evil • (Central Plains and Lanyin Mandarin, Sichuanese) fierce; malicious; overbearing • (Hakka) stingy; miserly ‖ (Shanxi, Sichuanese, dialectal Hakka) inferior; bad; fake • (Sichuanese) unreliable; deceiving ‖ (Cantonese) slanted; inclined; askew; awry; crooked; lopsided; distorted ‖ (Teochew, Leizhou Min, Hainanese) slanted; inclined; askew; awry; crooked; lopsided bend; warp; distort; deform 歪 • (a, wae, oe) · 歪 • (a, wae, oe) (hangeul 아, 왜, 외, revised a, wae, oe, McCune–Reischauer a, wae, oe, Yale , oy) Hán-Nôm : quay • Hán-Nôm : oa • Hán-Nôm : oai 歪
歲 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sqʰʷads, *sqʰʷad) : semantic 步 + phonetic 戉 (OC *ɢʷad). In addition to 戉, various components such as 月 (“moon; month”) used to be present, sometimes as simple as two dots. The current form derives from the Qin-style handwriting of the late Warring States (with a full-width 止 on the top and a bottom-left 撇 stroke extending outward as in 戊 or 戌 instead of bending inward as in 戉), which was also inherited by the clerical script. \ A derivative of 越 (OC *ɢʷad, “to pass over”) (Mei, 1979, 1992). Ultimately probably from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *grwat (“to travel; to go through”); compare Tibetan སྐྱོད (skyod, “to go”) (Mei, 1979, 1992; Gong Hwang-cherng, 2002; STEDT). \ The functions of the *s- prefix and the *-s suffix are not clear. Possible explanations include: \ * *s- as a directive prefix and *-s as a nominalizer (Mei, 1992); \ * *s- is an iterative prefix, literally "to pass on again" (Schuessler, 2007); \ * *s- (possibly with *-s) as a nominalizer (Smith, 2012). \ Alternatively, it may be derived from a word like 圓 (OC *ɢon, “round; circle”) (< Proto-Sino-Tibetan *wal (“round; circular”)), literally "to start the circle/cycle again" (Schuessler, 2007). \ Outside of Sino-Tibetan, this word has been compared to Thai ขวบ (kùuap, “year”), which Bodman (1980) considers to be a loan from Chinese, as well as Proto-Austronesian *kawaS (“year; season; sky”) (Sagart, 2005). \ Also see Schuessler (2007) and Smith (2012) for a discussion on the semantic development of this word, especially the connection between "Jupiter" and "year". Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄟˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hèr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suè • Middle-Chinese : sjwejH (literary) Jupiter (planet) • year • Tai Sui, the god representing each of these years • (literary) age • (literary) time; period • (literary) crop harvests of the year • Classifier for time: year • Classifier for age (of a person or animal): year old Alternative form of - 歳(さい) (sai, “year (age counter)”) • Alternative form of - 才(さい) (sai, “year (age counter)”) 歲 (eumhun 해 세 (hae se)) hanja form of 세 (“age (counter); year (about age)”) Hán-Nôm : tuế • Hán-Nôm : tuổi 歲
歷 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːɡ) : phonetic 厤 (OC *reːɡ) + semantic 止. \ Schuessler (2007) considered this word to be of Sino-Tibetan origin and a cognate to Burmese ရေ (re, “to count”), Kinnauri ri (“to count”), Tibetan རྩི (rtsi, “to count; to calculate”), and རྩིས་པ (rtsis pa, “astronomer”); however, STEDT derives Burmese ရေ (re) & Tibetan རྩི (rtsi) from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-tsjəj (“to count”) and does not compare them to Chinese 歷. \ :One derivative is 曆 (OC *rêk), meaning "calendrical calculations" (Shu) → "calendar"; \ :Another derivative is exopassive 麗 (OC *rê(k)h), meaning "what is calculated → number" (Shi), whose possible allofam is 麗 (OC *rêh). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : li̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lia̍k • Middle-Chinese : lek to experience; to go through; to undergo • experience; history; record • to surpass; to exceed; to overstep • to offend; to go against; to undermine • to travel through; to go travelling • extensively; all over; completely • many times; repeatedly • one by one; one at a time • all of the previous (occurrences); all past • to take charge of; to assume (a role) • to choose; to select (a date) • to examine; to scrutinise; to observe; to calculate • clear; distinct; lucid • few and far between; sporadic • a surname take place, past, history 歷 (eumhun 지낼 력 (jinael ryeok), word-initial (South Korea) 지낼 역 (jinael yeok)) hanja form of 력/역 (“go through”) • hanja form of 력/역 (“experience”) • hanja form of 력/역 (“undergo”) • hanja form of 력/역 (“use up”) • hanja form of 력/역 (“exhaust”) Hán-Nôm : lịch • Hán-Nôm : lếch • Hán-Nôm : lệch • Hán-Nôm : rếch 歷
歸 Characters in the same phonetic series (追) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 𠂤 (“ancient form of 師 (“troops”)”) + 帚 (“broom; sweep”) – to eradicate the enemy and return. \ Some analyse the 帚 component in the oracle bone script as a ligature of 止 (“to stop, to cease”) and 方 (“peripheral tribes”), i.e. “(of tribes in the periphery) to cease enmity and submit”. \ A 止 (“foot”) or 辵 (“walking”) component was further added in the bronze inscriptions. \ Shuowen deems 𠂤 to be the phonetic component of this character. \ Starostin and Schuessler (2007) consider this a possible derivative of 回 (OC *ɡuːl, “to revolve; to return”). Compared with Tibetan འཁོར ('khor, “circle; turn; to turn round; to return”) by Xue (2001) and Wang (2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄟ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kui • Middle-Chinese : kjw+j to return (to a place); to come back to • to return to (a person, a status); to revert to • to submit to; to seek patronage • to tend towards; to converge • to belong to • (between identical verbs) despite; notwithstanding to return; to come back to 歸 (eumhun 돌아갈 귀 (doragal gwi)) hanja form of 귀 (“to return, to go back”) Hán-Nôm : qui • Hán-Nôm : quy 歸
歹 Pictogram (象形) - human remains. ‖ ‖ Disputed: \ * From Tibetan letter ཏ (徐復《歹字源出藏文說》) \ * Abbreviated from 殆 (楊琳《古漢語外來詞研究中存在的問題》) ‖ Unclear. It has been suggested that it could be related to 否 (pǐ, “evil”) or 痞 (pǐ, “rascal; evil”). ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngaat⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aat³ • Middle-Chinese : ngat ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : daai² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄞˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tái ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : pháinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phái ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄞ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄞˇ bone remnants ‖ bone remains ‖ bad; wicked; evil • misdeed; something evil ‖ (Hokkien, Teochew) bad; wicked; evil • (Hokkien) to become bad; to break down • (Hokkien) to be fierce • (Hokkien) to cause something to be harmed or damaged • (Hokkien) difficult; hard (to do something) ‖ Alternative form of 待 (“to stay”) ‖ (used by Miao people) I, you 歹 • (al, dae) · 歹 • (al, dae) (hangeul 알, 대, revised al, dae, McCune–Reischauer al, tae, Yale al, tay) Hán-Nôm : ngạt • Hán-Nôm : đãi • Hán-Nôm : ngặt 歹
殆 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : toi⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : doi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tāi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǎi • Middle-Chinese : dojX (literary, or in compounds) in peril; at stake • (literary, or in compounds) weary; tired • (literary, or in compounds) perhaps; probably • (literary, or in compounds) nearly; almost almost, nearly • extremely dangerous, nearly deadly 殆 (eum 태 (tae)) Hán-Nôm : đãi 殆
殘 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zlaːn, *zaːns) : semantic 歹 (“vicious, bones”) + phonetic 戔 (OC *zlaːn) – to viciously harm, injure. \ Semantic was originally 歺, but was simplified to 歹. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuânn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsân • Middle-Chinese : dzan to damage; to destroy • to kill; to injure • to be left; to remain • severe; cruel; brutal • incomplete; fragmentary • remaining; leftover • (Southern Min) trace of saliva (on an object) • (Cantonese) old-looking; dilapidated • (Southern Sixian Hakka) naughty; mischievous 殘 • (jan) · 殘 • (jan) (hangeul 잔, revised jan, McCune–Reischauer chan, Yale can) Hán-Nôm : tàn 殘疾 tàn tật • 殘杯 tàn bôi 殘
殷 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : a person with swollen abdomen (身, now written 㐆) + a hand grabbing an ornamental weapon or drum (now written 殳), sometimes also interpreted as a needle for acupuncture. ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : a person with swollen abdomen (身, now written 㐆) + a hand grabbing an ornamental weapon or drum (now written 殳), sometimes also interpreted as a needle for acupuncture. ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : a person with swollen abdomen (身, now written 㐆) + a hand grabbing an ornamental weapon or drum (now written 殳), sometimes also interpreted as a needle for acupuncture. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : un • Hokkien · Tai-lo : in • Middle-Chinese : 'j+n ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aan¹ • Middle-Chinese : 'ean ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan² (～朝) Late Shang Dynasty • (by extension) (～朝) Alternative name for 商 (shāng, “Shang Dynasty”). • abundant; rich • (literary) large; flourishing • (literary) many; numerous • (of emotions) deep • a surname ‖ blood red; deep red ‖ sound of thunder • to shake; to tremble ‖ 殷(いん) • (In) ‖ 殷(いん) • (in) ‖ (historical) Shang dynasty ‖ (historical) Shang dynasty • prosperous; flourishing • rumbling 殷 (eum 은, 안 (eun, an)) hanja form of 은, 안 (“great, many, magnificent, flourishing”) Hán-Nôm : ân 殷
毀 * Sears interprets it as Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 臼 (“cracked skull”) + 工 (“tool”) + 殳 (“hand action”), a man being hit in the head. \ * Liu Zhao interprets it as Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hmralʔ, *hmrals) : phonetic 𬛸 () + semantic 殳 (“hand holding staff; strike”) \ * Shuowen Jiezi interprets it as Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hmralʔ, *hmrals) : abbreviated phonetic 毇 (OC *hmralʔ) + semantic 土 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huí • Middle-Chinese : xjweX to destroy; to ruin • to slander • a surname: Hui break, destroy, demolish 毀 • (hwe) · 毀 • (hwe) (hangeul 훼) Hán-Nôm : hủy • Hán-Nôm : huỷ 毀
毅 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋɯds) : phonetic 豙 (OC *ŋɯs, *ŋɯds) + semantic 殳 (“an ancient Chinese weapon”) \ Semantically extended from 豙 (yì, “enraged pig”) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for further etymology. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gī • Middle-Chinese : ngj+jH resolute; decisive; firm; staunch • (literary) ruthless; cruel; unrelenting • 30th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "bold resolution" (𝌣) ‖ 毅(たけし) • (Takeshi) · 毅(つよし) • (Tsuyoshi) strong ‖ a male given name • a male given name 毅 • (ui) · 毅 • (ui) (hangeul 의, revised ui, McCune–Reischauer ŭi, Yale uy) Hán-Nôm : nghị 毅
毯 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰaːmʔ) : semantic 毛 + phonetic 炎 (OC *ɦlam). Cantonese · Jyutping : taan² • Cantonese · Jyutping : taam² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thám • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thán • Middle-Chinese : thamX rug; carpet; blanket 毯 • (dam) · 毯 • (dam) (hangeul 담, revised dam, McCune–Reischauer tam, Yale tam) Hán-Nôm : xồm • Hán-Nôm : thảm carpet, rug 毯
氓 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mraːŋ) : phonetic 亡 (OC *maŋ) + semantic 民 (“people”). ‖ Cognate with Tibetan དམངས (dmangs, “ordinary people; populace”), Tibetan འབངས ('bangs, “subjects”) (Benedict, 1976). Unrelated to 民 (OC *min, “people”); probably unrelated to etymology 1 (Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mong⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : man⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bâng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bîn ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mang⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : man⁴ • Middle-Chinese : meang ruffian, hooligan ‖ (literary) people; folk • nomad; wanderer (used to refer to migrants in ancient China) ‖ 氓(ぼう) • (bō) people, subjects ‖ people; subjects 氓 • (maeng) · 氓 • (maeng) (hangeul 맹, revised maeng, McCune–Reischauer maeng, Yale mayng) Hán-Nôm : manh 氓
氛 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰɯn, *bɯn) : semantic 气 + phonetic 分 (OC *pɯn, *bɯns). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hun • Middle-Chinese : bjun • Middle-Chinese : phjun ^† atmosphere; miasma; vapor atmosphere • miasma • misfortune 氛 (eum 분 (bun)) Hán-Nôm : phân 氛
氣 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰɯds, *qʰɯds) : phonetic 气 (OC *kʰɯds) + semantic 米 (“rice”) – to give rice as a gift. \ Later borrowed meanings of “air, flow” from 气 (OC *kʰɯds). The derivative 餼 (OC *qʰɯds) refers to the original word. Compare 乞 (OC *kʰɯds, *kʰɯd). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰɯds, *qʰɯds) : phonetic 气 (OC *kʰɯds) + semantic 米 (“rice”) – to give rice as a gift. \ Later borrowed meanings of “air, flow” from 气 (OC *kʰɯds). The derivative 餼 (OC *qʰɯds) refers to the original word. Compare 乞 (OC *kʰɯds, *kʰɯd). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuì • Middle-Chinese : khj+jH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˋ • Middle-Chinese : xj+jH gas (matter in an intermediate state between liquid and plasma) • (meteorology) air • breath (Classifier: 口 m; 股 m; 啖 c) • (Chinese philosophy, traditional Chinese medicine) qi; vital energy; life force • weather • smell; odour • anger (Classifier: 條／条 c; 啖 c; 度 c) • to be angry • to make angry; to annoy; to anger; to enrage • quality; character; spirit; mettle • vitality; vigor; morale; spirit • bad habit; bad practice • a surname: Qi ‖ Original form of 餼／饩 (xì, “to give food as a gift”). 氣 (eumhun 기운 기 (giun gi)) hanja form of 기 (“energy, aura, vitality, vigour”) [noun] Hán-Nôm : khí chữ Hán form of khí (“gas; air; spirit”). 氣
氧 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 气 (“gas”) + abbreviated phonetic 養 (yǎng, “to nourish”). \ From 養／养 (yǎng, “to nourish”) in 養氣／养气 [19th c.], referring to oxygen's role in sustaining life. Derivative: 𨦡／𰽽 (yáng, “oxonium”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iáng (chemistry) oxygen • oxygen gas Synonym of 酸素 (sanso, “oxygen”) 氧 • (yang) · 氧 • (yang) (hangeul 양) Hán-Nôm : dưỡng 氧
氨 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 气 (“gas”) + phonetic 安 (ān). \ Borrowed from English ammonia. Related to 銨／铵 (ǎn, “ammonium”) and 胺 (àn, “amine”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : on¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngon¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : an (inorganic chemistry) ammonia Synonym of アンモニア (anmonia, “ammonia”) Hán-Nôm : an 氨
氮 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 气 (“gas”) + abbreviated phonetic 淡 (dàn, “dilute”). \ From 淡 (dàn, “dilute”) in 淡氣／淡气 [19th c.], referring to nitrogen diluting oxygen in the air. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : daam⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tām (chemistry) nitrogen • nitrogen gas nitrogen 氮 • (dam) · 氮 • (dam) (hangeul 담, revised dam, McCune–Reischauer tam, Yale tam) nitrogen Hán-Nôm : đạm nitrogen 氮
氯 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 气 (“gas”) + phonetic 彔. 彔 is also a reduced form of 綠 (“green”), serving as a semantic component. \ From 綠氣／绿气 (“green gas”) in the 19th century, which is a calque of English chlorine, referring to the colour of chlorine gas. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : luk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lio̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : li̍k (chemistry) chlorine • chlorine gas 氯 (eum 록 (rok)) Hán-Nôm : lục 氯
氾 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄢˊ a place in modern Henan • a surname spread out • wide 氾 • (beom) · 氾 • (beom) (hangeul 범, revised beom, McCune–Reischauer pŏm, Yale pem) Hán-Nôm : phiếm 氾
汞 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡoːŋʔ) : phonetic 工 (OC *koːŋ) + semantic 水 (“water”) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hóng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kòng • Middle-Chinese : huwngX (chemistry) mercury (Hg) • a surname: Gong ‖ 汞(こう) • (kō) mercury, quicksilver (the metal) ‖ (chemistry) mercury, quicksilver 汞 (eum 홍 (hong)) Hán-Nôm : hống 汞
汪 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʷaːŋ, *qʷaːŋs, *qʷaŋʔ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 㞷 (). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ong • Middle-Chinese : 'wang • Middle-Chinese : 'jwangX • Middle-Chinese : 'wangH (of bodies of water) vast and deep • Classifier for masses of liquid. • (onomatopoeia) woof; bark (the cry of a dog) • a surname, listed 104th in the Hundred Family Surnames flowing full • expanse of water • wide • deep 汪 • (wang) · 汪 • (wang) (hangeul 왕, revised wang, McCune–Reischauer wang, Yale wang) Hán-Nôm : uông Chữ Hán form of Uông (“a surname from Chinese.”). 汪
沁 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰlɯms) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 心 (OC *slɯm). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sam³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sim • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sìm • Middle-Chinese : tshimH to soak into water; to seep in water 沁 (eum 심 (sim)) Hán-Nôm : tắm • Hán-Nôm : tăm • Hán-Nôm : tấm • Hán-Nôm : thấm 沁
沐 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : muk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bo̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bok • Middle-Chinese : muwk to bathe; to shower • to cleanse • to receive • to be given • a surname • (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) to sink into; to fall into • (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) to put in; to invest (money, etc.) • (Xiamen Hokkien) to swallow a big gulp (of liquid) • (Xiamen Hokkien) Classifier for phlegm, blood, water. to wash 沐 • (mok) · 沐 • (mok) (hangeul 목, revised mok, McCune–Reischauer mok, Yale mok) Hán-Nôm : múc • Hán-Nôm : móc • Hán-Nôm : mốc • Hán-Nôm : mộc 沐
沒 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mɯːd) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 𠬛 (). \ Possibly a colloquial variant of 勿 (MC mjut) or 未 (MC mj+jH), which fused with or was influenced by 有 (MC hjuwX); not derived from 沒 (OC *mɯːd, “to dive; to drown”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ According to Schuessler (2007), formed from the convergence of two etyma: \ * Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mit (“to extinguish”). The i ~ u alternation is a common phenomenon in Sino-Tibetan. \ * An etymon meaning "to dive", whence Burmese မြုပ် (mrup, “to sink; to be submerged”), which is a loan from Proto-Mon-Khmer *(b)ləp (“to immerse”) according to Shorto (1972). \ Unrelated to etymology 1. Cantonese · Jyutping : mut⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄟˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bu̍t ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mut⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bu̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bua̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bi̍t • Middle-Chinese : mwot not have; there is not; to be without • to be not so ... as (when comparing) • less than; no more than • Negative prefix for verb 有 (yǒu, “to have”). • have not or did not (negative prefix for verbs, translated into other languages with verbs in the past tense) • (euphemistic, colloquial) to pass away ‖ to drown; to sink; to submerge; to inundate • to rise beyond; to cover; to overflow • to end; to finish • to disappear; to vanish • to confiscate • (literary) Alternative form of 歿／殁 (mò, “to die; to pass away”) discard, reject • death • lacking, without 沒 (eumhun 가라앉을 몰 (garaanjeul mol)) hanja form of 몰 (“drown, sink”) • hanja form of 몰 (“not, have not, none”) canonical : 沒: Hán Việt readings: một 沒: Nôm readings: mốt • canonical : một ‖ romanization : một ‖ romanization : mốt ‖ Nôm form of một (“one”). ‖ Nôm form of mốt (“(only in compounds or fixed expressions) one; -one”). 沒
沖 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *duŋ) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 中 (OC *tuŋ, *tuŋs). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshìng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiâng • Middle-Chinese : drjuwng to pour water on; to rinse; to flush; to wash • to pour (boiling) water in • to soar; to rise; to shoot up • to develop (a film) • to offset • (dialectal) flatland in a mountainous area (Classifier: 個／个) • Alternative form of 涌 (chōng, “small river”) • a surname: Chong 沖 • (chung) · 沖 • (chung) (hangeul 충, revised chung, McCune–Reischauer ch'ung, Yale chwung) Hán-Nôm : trong • Hán-Nôm : trùng • Hán-Nôm : xung 沖
沛 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *poːbs, *pʰoːbs) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 巿 (OC *pub). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pui³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phài • Middle-Chinese : pajH • Middle-Chinese : phajH (literary) abundant; full; copious • (literary) swift; sudden • a surname 沛 (eum 패 (pae)) Hán-Nôm : phải 沛
沫 Etymology is from the combination of water (left radical) and end (末). Ie the last form of water is foam as it crashes on the ocean's beach. ‖ Probably from a Mon-Khmer substrate; compare Vietnamese bọt (“foam; froth”) (Norman and Mei, 1976). Also compare Mizo phûl (“scum; froth; foam”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bua̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bua̍t • Middle-Chinese : mat ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : phe̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phe̍rh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phue̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phe ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : buah froth; foam; bubbles; suds • saliva • (literary) to stop ‖ (Min) scum; froth ‖ (Zhangzhou Hokkien) full to the brim (of liquid in a container) splash • suds 沫 (eum 말 (mal)) Hán-Nôm : mượt • Hán-Nôm : mát • Hán-Nôm : mạt • Hán-Nôm : mướt 沫
沮 ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi² • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsǐr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsóo • Middle-Chinese : dzjoX • Middle-Chinese : tshjo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsir • Middle-Chinese : tsjo • Middle-Chinese : tsrjo • Middle-Chinese : tshjo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsìr • Middle-Chinese : tsjoH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsian ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨˇ to stop; to prevent • to end; to terminate • to ruin; to corrupt • gloomy; glum; disheartened • to threaten; to intimidate ‖ Used in names of bodies of water. • a surname ‖ moist; damp ‖ Only used in 涓沮. ‖ Only used in 沮陽／沮阳. 沮 • (jeo) · 沮 • (jeo) (hangeul 저, revised jeo, McCune–Reischauer chŏ, Yale ce) Hán-Nôm : tử • Hán-Nôm : tự 沮
沽 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaː, *kaːʔ, *kaːs) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 古 (OC *kaːʔ). \ Cognate with 酤 (OC *kaː, *kaːs, *ɡaːʔ, “to buy alcoholic drink”)，賈 (OC *kraːʔ, *kraːs, *klaːʔ, “to buy or sell”). Cantonese · Jyutping : gu¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gu² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : koo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kóo • Middle-Chinese : ku • Middle-Chinese : kuX • Middle-Chinese : kuH to buy • to sell • Short for 天津 (Tiānjīn). 沽 (eum 고 (go)) Hán-Nôm : cô 沽
沾 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tem, *teːms, *tʰeːm) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 占 (OC *ʔljem, *tjems). \ Ganlu Zishu considers this glyph to be an unorthodox variant of 霑 (zhān). \ Austroasiatic; compare Khmer ត្រាំ (tram, “to soak”), តំរាំ (tɑmrŏəm, “soaking; immersion; something which has been soaked”), ជ្រាំ (crŏəm, “muddy water”), Proto-Bahnaric *tram (“to soak”), *kram (“to sink”), Proto-Katuic *tram (“to soak”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zim¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiam • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiam • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsam • Middle-Chinese : trjem ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zim¹ • Middle-Chinese : trjem ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄢ • Middle-Chinese : them ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˋ • Middle-Chinese : temH abundant; overflowing; brimming • to soak; to moisten • to share in (a benefit); to benefit through association • to influence; to edify • to be stained with; to be contaminated by • to touch; to come into contact with • (dialectal) to be good; to be okay ‖ (～水) an ancient river that flows from Huguan County, Shanxi into the Qi (淇) River in Henan, China ‖ Alternative form of 添 (tiān, “to increase”) • thin ‖ (～水) an ancient river flowing from Xiyang County, Shanxi into Ye (冶) River in Hebei • (～縣) (historical) a county in the Han dynasty southwest of Xiyang County 沾 (eumhun 시다 첨 (sida cheom)) ‖ 沾 (eumhun 더할 첨 (deohal cheom)) ‖ 沾 (eumhun 경망할 첩 (gyeongmanghal cheop)) hanja form of 첨 (“to soak; to moisten”) ‖ Alternative form of 添 (“hanja form of 첨 (“to append; to increase”)”) ‖ hanja form of 첩 (“frivolous; discourteous; smug”) Hán-Nôm : chăm • Hán-Nôm : trèm • Hán-Nôm : triêm • Hán-Nôm : chem • Hán-Nôm : thêm 沾
泄 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sit³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siat • Middle-Chinese : sjet ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jai⁶ • Middle-Chinese : yejH to let out (a fluid or gas); to discharge • to let out or leak (a secret, news, etc.) • to vent • (Chinese mythology) Xie of Xia (tenth king of the semi-legendary Xia dynasty) • Alternative form of 洩 • (obsolete) Alternative form of 媟 (xiè) • (obsolete, dialectal) to stop ‖ Used in 泄沓. • Used in 泄泄. to leak; to escape • to excrete 泄 • (seol, ye) · 泄 • (seol, ye) (hangeul 설, 예, revised seol, ye, McCune–Reischauer sŏl, ye, Yale sel, yey) Hán-Nôm : tướt • Hán-Nôm : dịa • Hán-Nôm : duệ • Hán-Nôm : tiết • Hán-Nôm : thực 泄
泛 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰoms, *bob) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 乏 (OC *bob). \ Sino-Tibetan. Compare Tibetan འབྱམ ('byam, “to flow over; to diffuse”) (Bodman, 1980). ‖ From 覂 (OC *poŋʔ). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hàm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huān • Middle-Chinese : phjomH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fung² • Cantonese · Jyutping : fung³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄚˊ • Middle-Chinese : bjop to float on water; to drift • to spread out; to be suffused with • to flood; to overflow • superficial; non-specific • extensive; general; pan- • careless; reckless ‖ to turn over; to topple over • to be destroyed; to be defeated; to fall ‖ ^‡ The sound of water. 泛 • (beom, bong) · 泛 • (beom, bong) (hangeul 범, 봉, revised beom, bong, McCune–Reischauer pŏm, pong, Yale pem, pong) Hán-Nôm : phiếm • Hán-Nôm : phím • Hán-Nôm : mẹp • Hán-Nôm : phám 泛
洛 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·raːɡ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 各 (OC *klaːɡ). Cantonese · Jyutping : lok³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lok⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lo̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lo̍h • Middle-Chinese : lak (～水, ～河) Luo River, a tributary of the Yellow River. • (～河) Luo River, a tributary of the Wei River. • Luoyang • a surname • (Mainland China) Used in the phonetic transcription of /lɒ/, /lɔː/, and /loʊ/ into Chinese characters ‖ 洛(らく) • (raku) ^(←らく (raku)?) ‖ (literary) capital city • (especially) Kyōto (a city in Kyōto, Japan) 洛 • (rak>nak) · 洛 • (rak>nak) (hangeul 락>낙, revised rak>nak, McCune–Reischauer rak>nak, Yale lak>nak) Hán-Nôm : rặc • Hán-Nôm : chua • Hán-Nôm : lạc • Hán-Nôm : lặng 洛
洽 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡruːb) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb). \ Causative of 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb, “to be together”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ Alternatively, it may be related to Tibetan འགྲུབ ('grub, “to be accomplished”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡruːb) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb). \ Causative of 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb, “to be together”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ Alternatively, it may be related to Tibetan འགྲུབ ('grub, “to be accomplished”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡruːb) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb). \ Causative of 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb, “to be together”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ Alternatively, it may be related to Tibetan འགྲུབ ('grub, “to be accomplished”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡruːb) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb). \ Causative of 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb, “to be together”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ Alternatively, it may be related to Tibetan འགྲུབ ('grub, “to be accomplished”) (Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄚˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hap⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hap¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haap⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ap¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hia̍p • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ha̍p • Middle-Chinese : heap ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : ka̍p ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜˊ ‖ to moisten • to be in accord; to be harmonious; to agree • to consult • extensive; wide ‖ (of liquids) thick; viscous • (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taiwanese and Philippine Hokkien) mediocre; stupid; clumsy ‖ (historical) Alternative form of 郃 (hé), the name of a river in Shaanxi now known as 金水河. ‖ (Eastern Min) to stick to, adhere • (Eastern Min) to be at 洽 • (heup) · 洽 • (heup) (hangeul 흡, revised heup, McCune–Reischauer hŭp, Yale hup) Hán-Nôm : hiệp 洽
浙 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔljed) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 折 (OC *l'eːl, *ʔljed, *ɦljed). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄜˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiat • Middle-Chinese : tsyet (～江) (historical) Zhe River (former name of the Qiantang River in Zhejiang, China) • Short for 浙江 (Zhèjiāng, “Zhejiang Province”). 浙 (eumhun 강 절 (gang jeol)) Hán-Nôm : chiết 浙
涕 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰiːlʔ, *tʰiːls) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 弟 (OC *diːlʔ, *diːls). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-t(w)əj-n ~ m-ti-s (“water”). Cognate with 洟 (OC *l̥ʰiːls, *lil). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tai³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thè • Middle-Chinese : thejX • Middle-Chinese : thejH tear (from the eyes) • (alt. form 洟) nasal mucus; snot; snivel 涕 (eum 체 (che)) Hán-Nôm : thế • Hán-Nôm : thía 涕
涮 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sroːns) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 刷 (OC *sroːd, *srod). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : syun³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suàn • Middle-Chinese : srwaenH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : sannh to rinse clean; to swill • to scald thin slices of meat in boiling water (then immediately taken out) ‖ (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to scald thin slices of meat in boiling water (then immediately taken out) Hán-Nôm : loát 涮
涵 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haam⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : âm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ânn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hâm • Middle-Chinese : hom • Middle-Chinese : homX to soak; to wet • to tolerate; to forgive; to be lenient • to immerse • a culvert • Alternative form of 含 (“to contain, to bear”) 涵 (eum 함 (ham)) Hán-Nôm : hàm 涵
淆 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢraːw) : semantic 水 + phonetic 肴 (OC *ɢraːw). \ An endopassive derivative of 交 (OC *kreːw), with initial voicing (Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngaau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hâu • Middle-Chinese : haew confused; in disarray; mixed up • (Cantonese) Short for 淆底. 淆 (eum 효 (hyo)) Hán-Nôm : hào 淆
淋 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·rɯm, *ɡ·rɯms) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 林 (OC *ɡ·rɯm). \ Related to 霖 (OC *ɡ·rɯm, “long rain”). Wang (1982) considers this cognate with 淫 (OC *lɯm, “to soak; to drench”). Also compare Hokkien 啉 (lim, “to drink”) and Teochew 啉 (lim¹, “to drink”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·rɯm, *ɡ·rɯms) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 林 (OC *ɡ·rɯm). \ Related to 霖 (OC *ɡ·rɯm, “long rain”). Wang (1982) considers this cognate with 淫 (OC *lɯm, “to soak; to drench”). Also compare Hokkien 啉 (lim, “to drink”) and Teochew 啉 (lim¹, “to drink”). Cantonese · Jyutping : lam⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄣˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩㄣˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîm • Middle-Chinese : lim ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lam⁴ to pour; to drip; to dribble (liquid flowing down) • to flow (down) at great speed; to gush into • to drench; to soak; to wet through • to water; to sprinkle ‖ to filter; to strain • to make wine; to brew liquor • (traditional Chinese medicine) strangury; urinary urgency and pain on urination • (pathology) gonorrhoea (i.e. “dripping”) drip • desolation • lonely 淋 • (rim>im) · 淋 • (rim>im) (hangeul 림>임, revised rim>im, McCune–Reischauer rim>im, Yale lim>im) Hán-Nôm : lấm • Hán-Nôm : lâm • Hán-Nôm : lầm • Hán-Nôm : lem • Hán-Nôm : rấm • Hán-Nôm : rướm 淋
淌 ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tong² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thóng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄤˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄤˇ to drip; to trickle; to flow down • to shed (tears) • Alternative form of 蹚 (tāng, “to ford; to wade”) • (dialectal) Classifier for blood over a surface. ‖ ^‡ large wave ‖ Only used in 淌游 (chǎngyóu, “(of water) wavy”). Hán-Nôm : thảng 淌
淘 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'uː) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 匋 (OC *bl'uː). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tôo to wash in a container in order to remove impurities; to pan • (dialectal) to search for goods in an old market • to dredge; to clean out • to expend; to consume; to use up; to spend • (dialectal) naughty; mischievous • a surname 淘 • (do) · 淘 • (do) (hangeul 도, revised do, McCune–Reischauer to, Yale to) Hán-Nôm : đào • Hán-Nôm : rào 淘
淚 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ruds) : semantic 水 + phonetic 戾 (OC *rɯːds, *rɯːd). \ Often thought to be related to 泣 (OC *k-r̥əp, “to weep”) (Mei, 1980b; Baxter and Sagart, 2014). \ However, Schuessler (2007, 2015) finds this phonologically problematic. He instead proposes that 淚 (OC *r(i)uts) derives from 流 (OC *r(i)u, “to flow”) + *-t (suffix in nouns for naturally occurring things), literally "the things that are flowing". ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luī • Middle-Chinese : lwijH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ tear; teardrop • (literary) to weep; to cry ‖ tears 淚 (eumhun 눈물 루 (nunmul ru), word-initial (South Korea) 눈물 누 (nunmul nu)) hanja form of 루/누 (“tear”) • hanja form of 루/누 (“weep, cry”) Hán-Nôm : lệ • Hán-Nôm : lụy • Hán-Nôm : luỵ 淚
淤 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qa, *qas) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 於 (OC *qaː, *qa). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ir • Hokkien · Tai-lo : u • Hokkien · Tai-lo : i • Middle-Chinese : 'jo • Middle-Chinese : 'joH silt 淤 (eum 어 (eo)) Hán-Nôm : ứa 淤
淨 ‖ For pronunciation and definitions of 淨 – see 埩 (“moat around the gate of the capital of ancient state of Lu”). \ (This character is a variant form of 埩). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zing⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeng⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsīng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiānn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsīnn • Middle-Chinese : dzjengH ‖ clean; unspoilt • (Cantonese) pure; with nothing else • to clean; to cleanse • finished; with nothing left • (of an amount) net • only; merely; nothing but • (Cantonese) Alternative form of 剩 (“to be left; to remain”) • all; all the time • (opera) painted-face role ‖ to chase • to drive away; to chase away 淨 • (jeong) · 淨 • (jeong) (hangeul 정) Hán-Nôm : gianh • Hán-Nôm : tạnh • Hán-Nôm : tĩnh • Hán-Nôm : tịnh 淨
淮 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷriːl) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 隹 (OC *tjul) \ Yang (1999) suggests a derivation from the bird (隹) totem worship of the Huaiyi that inhabited the Huai river basin. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄞˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huâi • Middle-Chinese : hweaj (～河) Huai River • a surname 淮 (eum 회 (hoe)) Hán-Nôm : hoài • Hán-Nôm : choài 淮
淳 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djun) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 𦎧 (). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sûn • Middle-Chinese : dzywin (of taste) thick • honest • a surname ‖ 淳(あつし) or 淳(じゅん) or 淳(きよし) • (Atsushi or Jun or Kiyoshi) pure ‖ a male given name 淳 • (sun, jun) · 淳 • (sun, jun) (hangeul 순, 준, revised sun, jun, McCune–Reischauer sun, chun, Yale swun, cwun) Hán-Nôm : thuần 淳
淹 Cantonese · Jyutping : jim¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : im • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iam • Middle-Chinese : 'jem • Middle-Chinese : 'jaemH to soak; to flood; to drown; to submerge • (of skin) to be tingling from sweat • (literary) wide; deep; thorough • (literary) to stay; to stop over; to be detained • (literary) to delay; to take a long time • (literary) slow; sluggish dip • soak • immerse • stop • linger 淹 • (eom) · 淹 • (eom) (hangeul 엄, revised eom, McCune–Reischauer ŏm, Yale em) Hán-Nôm : yêm • Hán-Nôm : êm • Hán-Nôm : im • Hán-Nôm : ươm 淹
淺 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰlenʔ, *ʔsleːn) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 戔 (OC *zlaːn). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰlenʔ, *ʔsleːn) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 戔 (OC *zlaːn). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cin² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshínn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshián • Middle-Chinese : tshjenX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsen shallow; not deep • superficial; surface; minimal; insignificant • simple; easy-to-understand • not intimate; distant • (of colours) light; pale • (of time) short; not long • (of level) slight; light ‖ Only used in 淺淺／浅浅 (qiǎnqiǎn, “gurgle; babble of running water”). 淺 • (cheon) · 淺 • (cheon) (hangeul 천, revised cheon, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏn, Yale chen) Hán-Nôm : thiển • Hán-Nôm : sẻn • Hán-Nôm : tiên 淺
渝 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lo) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 俞 (OC *l̥ʰus, *lo). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : û • Hokkien · Tai-lo : î • Middle-Chinese : yu to change • to go against; to be contrary to • to overflow • to take off; to remove • Short for 重慶／重庆 (Chóngqìng, “Chongqing”). • a surname 渝 (eum 투 (tu)) Hán-Nôm : du 渝
渠 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡa) : semantic 水 (“water”) + abbreviated phonetic 榘 (OC *kʷaʔ). \ ; “ditch; canal; drain” ‖ Attested since 4th to 5th century CE, preserved in many central and southern dialects (Schuessler, 2007). See 佢 and 伊. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kîr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kî • Middle-Chinese : gjo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kîr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kî • Middle-Chinese : gjo ditch; canal; drain; man-made channel (Classifier: 條／条 m c) • (literary) big; huge • a surname ‖ (literary or dialectal) third-person pronoun; he; she; it 渠 (eum 거 (geo)) Hán-Nôm : cừ • Hán-Nôm : gừa • Hán-Nôm : khờ • Hán-Nôm : cự 渠
渣 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsraː) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 查 (OC *ʔsraː, *zraː, *zraː). Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tse • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsee • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsa • Middle-Chinese : tsrae dregs; lees; sediment • fragment; particle; piece; scrap; crumb • Alternative form of 喳 • Used in transcription of foreign names in Cantonese. • a surname: Zha dregs 渣 (eum 사 (sa)) Hán-Nôm : tra 渣
渤 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bɯːd) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 勃 (OC *bɯːd) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : but⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pu̍t • Middle-Chinese : bwot (～海) Bohai Sea • (literary) surging; swelling 渤 • (bal) · 渤 • (bal) (hangeul 발, revised bal, McCune–Reischauer pal, Yale pal) Hán-Nôm : bọt • Hán-Nôm : bột 渤
渦 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kloːl, *qloːl) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 咼 (OC *kʰʷroːl). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wo¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : o • Hokkien · Tai-lo : oo • Middle-Chinese : 'wa ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwo¹ • Middle-Chinese : kwa whirlpool; eddy; vortex • something shaped like a whirlpool; indentation; concavity ‖ Guo River (a river in Henan and Anhui, China) • a surname ‖ 渦(か) • (ka) ^(←くわ (kwa)?) ‖ 渦(うず) • (uzu) ^(←うづ (udu)?) ‖ eddy, swirl, whirlpool, vortex ‖ eddy, swirl, whirlpool, vortex 渦 (eumhun 소용돌이 와 (soyongdori wa)) ‖ 渦 (eumhun 강 이름 과 (gang ireum gwa)) hanja form of 와 (“whirlpool; eddy; vortex”) ‖ hanja form of 과 (“name of a river”) Hán-Nôm : oa 渦
温 An unorthodox variant simplified from 溫 (𥁕 → 昷) which can be found in various historical dictionaries. \ Eventually adopted as an official form by the People's Republic of China in 1965 based on the Xin Zixing (新字形) standardized form of characters. ‖ 温(おん) • (on) ^(←をん (won)?) ‖ 温(おん) • (On) ^(←をん (won)?) warm ‖ warm ‖ a male given name Hán-Nôm : ồn • Hán-Nôm : ổn • Hán-Nôm : ôn Variant of 溫 • lukewarm 温
渲 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hyun¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : syun³ • Middle-Chinese : sjwenH 渲 (eum 선 (seon)) Hán-Nôm : huyên • Hán-Nôm : huyến • Hán-Nôm : tuyễn 渲
游 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lu) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 斿 (OC *lu). \ From Sino-Tibetan. Cognate with Tibetan རྒྱུ་བ (rgyu ba, “to walk; to wander”), Lepcha ᰚᰪᰌᰦ (yŭ-da, “to flow”), Rawang yø (“to flow”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ Same word as 遊 (OC *lu, “to roam; to travel”). Cognate with 流 (OC *ru, “to flow”), 泅 (OC *lju). Probably unrelated to 油 (OC *lɯw, “abundant”), 滺 (“flowing”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iû • Middle-Chinese : yuw to swim • reach; part of a river • a surname to float • to swim 游 • (yu) · 游 • (yu) (hangeul 유) Hán-Nôm : du 游
渺 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mewʔ) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 眇 (OC *mewʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : miu⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : biáu • Middle-Chinese : mjiewX (of water) vast; boundless; endlessly long; expansive • (alt. form 眇) tiny; insignificant • vague; indistinct; uncertain • the number 10⁻¹¹ 渺 • (myo) · 渺 • (myo) (hangeul 묘, revised myo, McCune–Reischauer myo, Yale myo) Hán-Nôm : miểu • Hán-Nôm : diễu • Hán-Nôm : diệu • Hán-Nôm : giẻo 渺
湃 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paai³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baai³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phài • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pài • Middle-Chinese : pheajH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄚˊ Used in 澎湃 and 湃湃, etc. ‖ (Mandarin) to soak something in cold water to cool • (obsolete) to bury something in ice to cool sound of waves 湃 (eum 배 (bae)) sound of waves • turbulent Hán-Nôm : phái 湃
湘 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *slaŋ) : semantic 水 + phonetic 相 (OC *slaŋ, *slaŋs). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄤ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : Siong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : Siang • Middle-Chinese : sjang (～江, ～水) Xiang River, an affluent of Dongting Lake • Short for 湖南 (Húnán, “Hunan, a province of China.”). • Xiang; Xiang Chinese 湘 (eumhun 강 이름 상 (gang ireum sang)) Hán-Nôm : tương 湘
湧 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 勇 (OC *loŋʔ) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : íng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ióng • Middle-Chinese : yowngX (of water) to spring up from below • to rush out like water; to gush • (Southern Min) wave (of water) to spring up from below 湧 (eum 용 (yong)) Hán-Nôm : rụng • Hán-Nôm : dộng • Hán-Nôm : dũng 湧
溉 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : koi³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : goi³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kài • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khài • Middle-Chinese : kj+jH • Middle-Chinese : kojH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˋ to water, irrigate, flood • to wash • (Sichuanese) river-front road/path ‖ Only used in 沆溉. 溉 • (gae) · 溉 • (gae) (hangeul 개, revised gae, McCune–Reischauer kae, Yale kay) Hán-Nôm : ngấy 溉
溜 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *m·rus) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 留 (OC *m·ru, *m·rus) – name of a river. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *m·rus) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 留 (OC *m·ru, *m·rus) – name of a river. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : liu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liū • Middle-Chinese : ljuwH to slide; to glide; to slip • to sneak off; to sneak away; to escape • to pilfer; to steal; to snatch • to fawn on; to curry favour with; to flatter • to heat up slightly • (alt. form 熘) (cooking) to add starch and quickly fry under high heat • expressive suffix appended to adjectives, often used in the reduplicated form 溜溜 • (literary, or in compounds) slippery ‖ (～水) archaic name for the Liu River in modern-day Guangxi Province • (of water or other liquids) to flow downwards; to drip; to dribble • water drop or water stream • Alternative form of 霤 (liù, “eavesdrop; part of the eaves where rainwater drips down; eaves gutter”) • swift current; rapids • (of water) rapid; swift and violent • (of an action) quick; swift; speedy; prompt • to shoot a glance at; to cast a sidelong glance at • Alternative form of 遛 (“to stroll; to saunter”) • to summon; to call for; to send for • Classifier for objects arranged in lines, rows or strings. • surroundings; neighborhood • (dialectal) to daub; to plaster collect • gather 溜 • (ryu>yu) · 溜 • (ryu>yu) (hangeul 류>유, revised ryu>yu, McCune–Reischauer ryu>yu, Yale lyu>yu) Hán-Nôm : lưu • Hán-Nôm : lựu • Hán-Nôm : rượu 溜
溝 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koː) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 冓 (OC *koː, *koːs). \ Possibly the k-prefix noun of 漏 (OC *roːs, “to leak”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄡ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : koo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kio • Middle-Chinese : kuw ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄡˋ ‖ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : kau¹ ditch; trench; channel (artificial or natural) (Classifier: 條／条 m; 道 m) • trench (military) • gully; valley • groove; rut; furrow (Classifier: 道 m) • a numeral that refers to 10³² or others ‖ Only used in 溝瞀／沟瞀 (kòumào, “ignorant”). ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 摳／抠 (“to mix”) ‖ (chiefly Cantonese) to pick up; to hit on ‖ 溝(こう) • (kō) ‖ 溝(こう) • (kō) ‖ 溝(うなて) • (unate) ‖ 溝(せせなぎ) • (sesenagi) ^(←せせなき (sesenaki)?) ‖ 溝(せせなげ) • (sesenage) ‖ 溝(みぞ) • (mizo) ‖ 溝(みぞ) • (Mizo) ‖ 溝(みぞさき) • (Mizosaki) ‖ ditch, channel • groove, furrow ‖ [from 17th c.] a hundred nonillion, equivalent to 10³² ‖ (agriculture) irrigation ditch ‖ channel with rainwater, sewage or other dirty water • Synonym of せせらぎ (seseragi) ‖ Synonym of 溝 (sesenagi) ‖ ditch • groove, furrow • gap between different opinions or emotions; disagreement ‖ a surname ‖ a surname 溝 • (gu) · 溝 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu) Hán-Nôm : câu 溝
溢 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *liɡ) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 益 (OC *qleɡ, “to increase”) – overflowing liquid. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jat⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ioh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : i̍t • Middle-Chinese : yit to overflow; to brim over • to flood • to be full of; to be brimming with • excessive; excessively • to exceed • vigorous • An ancient unit of capacity. • Alternative form of 鎰／镒 (yì, “An ancient unit of weight.”) • Alternative form of 佾 (yì, “row of dancers”) • (Hokkien) to surge; to gush; to rise • (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to vomit due to overeating, sickness, etc. • (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to rock; to sway; to shake • (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to lightly sway • (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to be shaken, shocked, jolted (similar to lakewater) ‖ 溢(いつ) • (itsu) to overflow ‖ overflow • excessive flood canonical : 溢: Hán Việt readings: dật 溢: Nôm readings: dật • canonical : ải 溢
溯 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sou³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sòo • Middle-Chinese : suH to go upstream; to go against a current • to trace back; to recall 溯 • (so, sak) · 溯 • (so, sak) (hangeul 소, 삭, revised so, sak, McCune–Reischauer so, sak, Yale so, sak) Hán-Nôm : tố 溯
滇 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tiːn, *tʰiːns, *diːn) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 真 (OC *ʔljin). ‖ ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : din¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tin⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : Tian • Middle-Chinese : ten ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tin⁴ • Middle-Chinese : den • Middle-Chinese : thenH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tīnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǐnn (～池) Lake Dian (lake near Kunming, Yunnan, China) • (～國) (historical) Dian Kingdom • Short for 雲南／云南 (Yúnnán). • a surname ‖ Only used in 滇滇 and 滇㴐. ‖ A river in Henan ‖ (Min) full • (Southern Min, of water) to rise ‖ 滇(てん) • (Ten) Lake Dian ‖ (historical) Dian Kingdom 滇 (eumhun 성할 전 (seonghal jeon)) ‖ 滇 (eumhun 고을 이름 진 (go'eul ireum jin)) ‖ Hán-Nôm : điền • Hán-Nôm : chan • Hán-Nôm : tràn • Hán-Nôm : dàn • Hán-Nôm : giàn 滇
滔 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tou¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thoo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tho • Middle-Chinese : thaw to flood; to inundate; to overflow • to surge; to swell • rushing water; torrent • (literary) arrogant; prideful 滔 (eum 도 (do)) Hán-Nôm : thao • Hán-Nôm : thào 滔
滯 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *dads) : semantic 水 + phonetic 帶 (OC *taːds). ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thì • Middle-Chinese : drjejH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tù ‖ stagnant; sluggish • to hold back; to stay (to hinder); to encumber; to impede • to lag; to be held back; to stagnate · to accumulate; to be unable to circulate; to cease flowing • to lag; to be held back; to stagnate · to be late in payments; to be in arrears; to be overdue • to lag; to be held back; to stagnate • (Cantonese, of the stomach) bloated; uncomfortably full; stuffed ‖ (Taiwanese Hokkien) to be stopped up; to be blocked ‖ 滯 (eum 체 (che)) Hán-Nôm : sệ • Hán-Nôm : chề • Hán-Nôm : trẹ • Hán-Nôm : trệ • Hán-Nôm : trễ • Hán-Nôm : dải • Hán-Nôm : đái • Hán-Nôm : đáy • Hán-Nôm : trề • Hán-Nôm : xễ 滯
滿 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *moːnʔ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 㒼 (). \ ; “Manchu” \ ; “Classifier for occurrences of events” Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : muá • Hokkien · Tai-lo : buán • Middle-Chinese : manX full; filled; packed • full; complete • whole; entire • fully; completely • to fill; to cause to be full • to reach the limit; to expire • to satisfy; satisfied; contented • arrogant; conceited • quite; so; very • (～族) Manchu people • a surname: Man • (Hakka) Classifier for occurrences of events. full • fullness • enough • satisfy 滿 (eumhun 찰 만 (chal man)) hanja form of 만 (“full”) Hán-Nôm : mãn • Hán-Nôm : mởn • Hán-Nôm : mớn 滿
漓 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rel) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 离 (OC *rel, *r̥ʰel). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lî • Middle-Chinese : lje (literary) unkind; shallow • Used in 淋漓 (línlí). • Alternative form of 醨 (lí, “dilute wine”) • Alternative form of 離／离 (“to depart from; to deviate from”) 漓 • (ri>i) · 漓 • (ri>i) (hangeul 리>이, revised ri>i, McCune–Reischauer ri>i, Yale li>i) Hán-Nôm : lầy 漓
漬 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zeɡs) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 責 (OC *ʔsreːɡ). This character's phonetic itself has a phonetic, 朿 (MC tshjeH). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsù • Middle-Chinese : dzjeH to steep; to soak • to be soiled; to be stained • stain soaking, steeping, pickling, pickle 漬 • (ji) · 漬 • (ji) (hangeul 지, revised ji, McCune–Reischauer chi, Yale ci) Hán-Nôm : tí • Hán-Nôm : tứ 漬
漱 ‖ Compare Hokkien 摖 (chhòe, chhè). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sou³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sòo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suá • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sik • Middle-Chinese : srjuwH • Middle-Chinese : suwH ‖ to gargle; to rinse • to wash; to scour ‖ (Teochew) to brush • (Teochew) brush (tool) gargle; wash; rinse 漱 • (su) · 漱 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu) 漱
漾 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *laŋs) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 羕 (OC *laŋs) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iāng • Middle-Chinese : yangH (of water) to ripple; to undulate • (of liquids) to overflow • (literary) to sway; to float; to be tossed by waves • (literary, of water) vast and long • name of a river 漾 (eum 양 (yang)) Hán-Nôm : dạng 漾
潘 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰaːn) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 番 (OC *paːl, *paːls, *pʰaːn, *pʰan, *ban). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰaːn) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 番 (OC *paːl, *paːls, *pʰaːn, *pʰan, *ban). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰaːn) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 番 (OC *paːl, *paːls, *pʰaːn, *pʰan, *ban). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pun¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phun • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phuann • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phuan • Middle-Chinese : phan ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄢˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄢ (obsolete or Min) water in which rice has been rinsed • a surname • Used in place names. • (Greek mythology) Pan ‖ (obsolete) whirlpool ‖ (obsolete, of water) to overflow water in which rice has been washed 潘 • (ban, beon) · 潘 • (ban, beon) (hangeul 반, 번, revised ban, beon, McCune–Reischauer pan, pŏn, Yale pan, pen) Hán-Nôm : phan • Hán-Nôm : Phan chữ Hán form of Phan (“a surname”). 潘
潛 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zlom, *zloms) : semantic 水 + phonetic 朁 (OC *sʰlɯːmʔ, *zlam). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cim⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiâm • Middle-Chinese : dzjem • Middle-Chinese : dzjemH to go under water; to move under water • to hide; to conceal • to live in seclusion • to make a concentrated effort • hidden; secret • latent • secretly; stealthily • a surname 潛 • (jam) · 潛 • (jam) (hangeul 잠, revised jam, McCune–Reischauer cham, Yale cam) Hán-Nôm : tiềm • Hán-Nôm : tèm • Hán-Nôm : tỉm 潛
潭 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯːm, *lɯmʔ) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 覃 (OC *l'ɯːm). \ A late Old Chinese southern word attested in Chuci. Probably a foreign loan; compare Proto-Kam-Sui *tʰlam¹ (“well; pond; pool”) (Thurgood, 1988). 塘 (OC *l'aːŋ, “embankment; pond”) is perhaps a variant of this word (Schuessler, 2007). \ Alternatively, possibly related to 深 (OC *hljum, *hljums, “deep”). Burmese ထုံး (htum:, “large; pool”) differs in initial and vowel. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯːm, *lɯmʔ) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 覃 (OC *l'ɯːm). \ A late Old Chinese southern word attested in Chuci. Probably a foreign loan; compare Proto-Kam-Sui *tʰlam¹ (“well; pond; pool”) (Thurgood, 1988). 塘 (OC *l'aːŋ, “embankment; pond”) is perhaps a variant of this word (Schuessler, 2007). \ Alternatively, possibly related to 深 (OC *hljum, *hljums, “deep”). Burmese ထုံး (htum:, “large; pool”) differs in initial and vowel. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯːm, *lɯmʔ) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 覃 (OC *l'ɯːm). \ A late Old Chinese southern word attested in Chuci. Probably a foreign loan; compare Proto-Kam-Sui *tʰlam¹ (“well; pond; pool”) (Thurgood, 1988). 塘 (OC *l'aːŋ, “embankment; pond”) is perhaps a variant of this word (Schuessler, 2007). \ Alternatively, possibly related to 深 (OC *hljum, *hljums, “deep”). Burmese ထုံး (htum:, “large; pool”) differs in initial and vowel. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯːm, *lɯmʔ) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 覃 (OC *l'ɯːm). \ A late Old Chinese southern word attested in Chuci. Probably a foreign loan; compare Proto-Kam-Sui *tʰlam¹ (“well; pond; pool”) (Thurgood, 1988). 塘 (OC *l'aːŋ, “embankment; pond”) is perhaps a variant of this word (Schuessler, 2007). \ Alternatively, possibly related to 深 (OC *hljum, *hljums, “deep”). Burmese ထုံး (htum:, “large; pool”) differs in initial and vowel. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taam⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thâm • Middle-Chinese : dom ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣˇ • Middle-Chinese : yimX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄣˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄢˋ deep pool; lake • (dialectal) pit • (literary) deep; profound • (～州) Tan Prefecture • (～水) Liu River • a surname ‖ Only used in 潭濼／潭泺. ‖ (alt. form 潯／浔) waterside ‖ sound of hitting water 潭 • (dam) · 潭 • (dam) (hangeul 담, revised dam, McCune–Reischauer tam, Yale tam) Hán-Nôm : đàm 潭
潰 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡluːls) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 貴 (OC *kluds). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kui² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huē • Middle-Chinese : hwojH (of a dike or dam) to break; to burst; to overflow • to break through an encirclement • to be utterly defeated; to be routed • to decompose; to be destroyed • to fester; to ulcerate ‖ 潰(かい) • (kai) ^(←くわい (kwai)?) burst • break • break down ‖ to crush; to smash 潰 • (gwe) · 潰 • (gwe) (hangeul 궤, revised gwe, McCune–Reischauer kwe, Yale kwey) Hán-Nôm : hói • Hán-Nôm : hòi • Hán-Nôm : hội • Hán-Nôm : khùy • Hán-Nôm : khuỳ • Hán-Nôm : khụy • Hán-Nôm : khuỵ • Hán-Nôm : khủy • Hán-Nôm : khuỷ • Hán-Nôm : khũy • Hán-Nôm : khuỹ 潰
澈 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ded) : semantic 水 (“water”) + abbreviated phonetic 徹 (OC *tʰed) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cit³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : theh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tia̍t • Middle-Chinese : drjet (of liquid) clear; limpid • Alternative form of 徹／彻 (chè, “thorough”) • (Eastern Min, Leizhou Min, Hainanese, Hokkien) clean 澈 (eumhun 물 맑을 철 (mul malgeul cheol)) Hán-Nôm : triệt 澈
澎 ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄥˊ • Middle-Chinese : phjaeng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄥˊ • Middle-Chinese : baeng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄥ Only used in 澎湃 (pēngpài) and 澎濞 (pēngpì). ‖ Alternative form of 膨 (“expand”) ‖ to splatter 澎 • (paeng) · 澎 • (paeng) (hangeul 팽, revised paeng, McCune–Reischauer p'aeng, Yale phayng) Hán-Nôm : bành 澎
澡 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔslaːwʔ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 喿 (OC *saːws). \ Compare Mizo su, sûk (“to wash”), though the vowel in these forms do not correspond well with the Old Chinese form (Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄠˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsó • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsáu • Middle-Chinese : tsawX (literary) to wash one's hands • to bathe; to wash bathe; wash 澡 • (jo) · 澡 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho, Yale co) Hán-Nôm : tảo 澡
澤 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rlaːɡ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 睪 (OC *neb, *laːɡ, *kuː). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaak⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ti̍k • Middle-Chinese : draek pool; pond • moist; damp • brilliance; luster; shine • beneficence; grace; favor • a surname swamp 澤 (eumhun 못 택 (mot taek)) hanja form of 택 (“marsh”) Hán-Nôm : rạch • Hán-Nôm : trạch • Hán-Nôm : chích 澤
澳 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *quːɡs, *quɡ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 奧 (OC *quːɡs) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *quːɡs, *quɡ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 奧 (OC *quːɡs) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ou³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : àu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ò • Middle-Chinese : 'awH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : juk¹ • Middle-Chinese : 'juwk inlet of the sea where ships can anchor; bay • Short for 澳大利亞／澳大利亚 (Àodàlìyà).: Australia (A country in Oceania comprising the islands of Australia, Tasmania and other smaller islands in the Pacific Ocean, as well as its precursor colony in the British Empire) • Short for 澳門／澳门 (Àomén, “Macau”). ‖ (alt. form 隩) riverbank where the river bends curving shoreline • bend in river 澳 • (o, uk) · 澳 • (o, uk) (hangeul 오, 욱, McCune–Reischauer o, uk, Yale o, wuk) Hán-Nôm : áo • Hán-Nôm : úc 澳
濃 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *noŋ) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 農 (OC *nuːŋ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-naːŋ (“heavy; thick, viscous”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄨㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lông • Middle-Chinese : nrjowng thick; concentrated • (of colors) deep • (of beverage) strong; concentrated ‖ 濃(のう) • (nō) ‖ 濃(こ) • (ko-) dark • thick ‖ dark color ‖ dark color Hán-Nôm : nùng • Hán-Nôm : nống • Hán-Nôm : nồng • Hán-Nôm : nông 濃
濟 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsliːlʔ, *ʔsliːls) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 齊 (OC *zliːl, *zliːls). \ Austroasiatic. Base form, without nominal n-infix, of 西 (OC *snə̂i) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for etymology. \ 津 (OC *ʔslin) is its n-nominalized derivative (ibid.). ‖ ‖ Yue-Hashimoto (1976) relates it to Proto-Tai *ʰlaːjᴬ (“many; much”), whence Zhuang lai. This Tai word is probably related to 多 (OC *ʔl'aːl) (Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zai³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsè • Middle-Chinese : tsejH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zai² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsé • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsè • Middle-Chinese : tsejX ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuě • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tserē to cross a river; to ferry • to help; to aid; to relieve • to be of help; useful ‖ (～水) Ji River • Used in 濟濟／济济 (jǐjǐ, “horde of people; multitude”). ‖ (Min) many; much Kyūjitai form of 済 濟 (eumhun 건널 제 (geonneol je)) hanja form of 제 (“to help; to aid; to relieve”) • (literary) hanja form of 제 (“to cross a river”) • (literary) hanja form of 제 (“many”) canonical : 濟: Hán Việt readings: tế 濟: Nôm readings: tế chữ Hán form of tế (“to help; to aid; to relieve”). 濟
瀑 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːwɢs, *boːɡ) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 暴 (OC *boːwɢs, *boːɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːwɢs, *boːɡ) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 暴 (OC *boːwɢs, *boːɡ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : buk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : po̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pho̍k • Middle-Chinese : buwk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bou⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pō • Middle-Chinese : bawH waterfall ‖ heavy rain • (～河) (river in Henan province) waterfall, cascade 瀑 • (pok, po) · 瀑 • (pok, po) (hangeul 폭, 포, revised pok, po, McCune–Reischauer p'ok, p'o, Yale phok, pho) waterfall, cascade • heavy rain Hán-Nôm : bộc 瀑
灌 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koːns) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 雚 (OC *koːns). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gun³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuàn • Middle-Chinese : kwanH to fill (with liquid); to pour • to irrigate; to water • to record (music) • (Taiwan) to install (software) to pour 灌 • (gwan) · 灌 • (gwan) (hangeul 관) pour • water • irrigate, flood Hán-Nôm : quán 灌
灶 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 火 (“fire”) + 土 (“soil”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsàu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsòo • Middle-Chinese : tsawH kitchen range • kitchen • (Chinese folk religion) kitchen god Hán-Nôm : táo • Hán-Nôm : bếp 灶
灸 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄡˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kù • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiù • Middle-Chinese : kjuwX • Middle-Chinese : kjuwH cauterize with moxa or mugwort • moxibustion ‖ 灸(きゅう) • (kyū) ^(←きう (kiu)?) ‖ 灸(やいと) • (yaito) ^(←やいと (yaito)?) ‖ moxibustion ‖ Same as above. 灸 • (gu) · 灸 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu) (뜸) moxibustion Hán-Nôm : cứu 灸
灼 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pljewɢ) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 勺 (OC *pljewɢ, *bljewɢ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoek³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coek³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsioh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiak • Middle-Chinese : tsyak to burn; to scorch • to broil; to roast • to cauterize • bright; shining; luminous • Used in 灼然 (zhuórán, “obvious; clear”). 灼 • (jak, sa) · 灼 • (jak, sa) (hangeul 작, 사, revised jak, sa, McCune–Reischauer chak, sa, Yale cak, sa) Hán-Nôm : chước 灼
炒 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰroːʔ) : semantic 火 + phonetic 少 (OC *hmjewʔ, *hmjews). Cantonese · Jyutping : caau² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄠˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshá • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsháu • Middle-Chinese : tsrhaewX to stir fry; to sauté • (slang) to sack; to fire (short for 炒魷魚／炒鱿鱼 (chǎo yóuyú)) • (originally Cantonese) to speculate in • (Hong Kong Cantonese, of machines) to crash • (Hong Kong Cantonese) to perform badly (in a test or exam) • (Hong Kong Cantonese, transitive, in matches or competitions) to win (someone) 炒 • (cho) · 炒 • (cho) (hangeul 초, revised cho, McCune–Reischauer ch'o, Yale cho) Hán-Nôm : sao • Hán-Nôm : xào • Hán-Nôm : xáo 炒
炕 Compare Burmese ကင် (kang, “to roast, toast”). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kong³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hong³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khòng • Middle-Chinese : khangH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄤ • Middle-Chinese : xang kang; heatable brick bed • (dialectal) to bake or dry by the heat of a fire; to toast • Alternative form of 抗 (kàng, “to raise; to lift”) ‖ (obsolete) to open the brick-bed in northern China 炕 • (hang) · 炕 • (hang) (hangeul 항, revised hang, McCune–Reischauer hang, Yale hang) hypocaust • hypocaust floor canonical : 炕: Hán Việt readings: kháng 炕
炫 Related to 熒 (OC *ɡʷeːŋ) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for more. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiān • Middle-Chinese : hwenH to show off; to boast • to shine; to dazzle • to puzzle • bravery shine • glitter • show off • flaunt 炫 (eum 현 (hyeon)) shine • glitter • show off • flaunt canonical : 炫: Hán Việt readings: huyễn 炫
炬 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡaʔ) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 巨 (OC *ɡaʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kǐr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kîr • Middle-Chinese : gjoX torch • candle ‖ ‖ 炬 • (geo) · 炬 • (geo) (hangeul 거, revised geo, McCune–Reischauer kŏ, Yale ke) canonical : 炬: Hán Việt readings: cự 炬
炮 Characters in the same phonetic series (勹) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰruːs, *bruː) : semantic 火 + phonetic 包 (OC *pruː). ‖ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : paau³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phàu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phauh • Middle-Chinese : phaewH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paau⁴ • Middle-Chinese : baew ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baau³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baau¹ large gun; cannon; artillery • firecracker • (Cantonese, colloquial) gun (Classifier: 支 c; 條／条 c) • (xiangqi) cannon • (Quanzhou Hokkien) to talk big ‖ (historical) to wrap hirsute meat with mud and roast it on fire • (by extension) to roast; to burn • (traditional Chinese medicine) to prepare herbal medicine by roasting or parching • Alternative form of 庖 (páo, “chef”) ‖ (cooking) to quick-fry (meat); to sauté • to dry by heat sear • roast, burn 炮 • (po) · 炮 • (po) (hangeul 포) Hán-Nôm : pháo • Hán-Nôm : than • Hán-Nôm : bác • Hán-Nôm : bào 炮
炸 ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsà • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsèe ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsa̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsia̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshia to explode; to burst • to blow up; to bomb • (colloquial) to fly into a rage ‖ to fry in oil; to deep-fry 炸 • (jak) · 炸 • (jak) (hangeul 작) Hán-Nôm : tạc 炸
為 Characters in the same phonetic series (爲) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Simplified from 爲. \ In the oracle bone script, it is an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 又 (“hand”) + 象 (“elephant”) — a hand holding an elephant. The 又 later became 爪 (“hand; claw”). \ Shuowen Jiezi interprets the character as a representation of the female macaque. \ The two pronunciations below (“to make; to do; to be”, “for; to; because”) are cognate; the latter is the *–s derivative of the former. Words meaning “to make, to do” often have secondary meanings of “for, as” – compare 作. \ Etymology not certain. Starostin compared this word with Tibetan བགྱིད (bgyid, “to make, to manufacture”), བགྱི་བ (bgyi ba, “action, deed”), ཡིན (yin, “is, be”) and Burmese ဝေ (we, “to distribute, to share”). Schuessler (2007) listed *ʔaajh (“to give”) (> Khmer ឲ្យ (ʼaoy, “to give, to donate”)) and Khmer ធ្វើ (thvəə, “to do, to make”), although the vowels do not match. \ The graphic representation using a monkey or an elephant probably stems from a homophonic or near-homophonic etymon which was rarely attested; compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b/g-woj-n > Jingpho woi (“monkey”) and possibly 猿 (OC *ɢʷan, “ape”). STEDT considers this word to be a possible descendant of Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-gwi(j) (“elephant”). Outside Sino-Tibetan, compare Proto-Vietic *-vɔːj (“elephant”) > Vietnamese voi (“elephant”). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (爲) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Simplified from 爲. \ In the oracle bone script, it is an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 又 (“hand”) + 象 (“elephant”) — a hand holding an elephant. The 又 later became 爪 (“hand; claw”). \ Shuowen Jiezi interprets the character as a representation of the female macaque. \ The two pronunciations below (“to make; to do; to be”, “for; to; because”) are cognate; the latter is the *–s derivative of the former. Words meaning “to make, to do” often have secondary meanings of “for, as” – compare 作. \ Etymology not certain. Starostin compared this word with Tibetan བགྱིད (bgyid, “to make, to manufacture”), བགྱི་བ (bgyi ba, “action, deed”), ཡིན (yin, “is, be”) and Burmese ဝေ (we, “to distribute, to share”). Schuessler (2007) listed *ʔaajh (“to give”) (> Khmer ឲ្យ (ʼaoy, “to give, to donate”)) and Khmer ធ្វើ (thvəə, “to do, to make”), although the vowels do not match. \ The graphic representation using a monkey or an elephant probably stems from a homophonic or near-homophonic etymon which was rarely attested; compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b/g-woj-n > Jingpho woi (“monkey”) and possibly 猿 (OC *ɢʷan, “ape”). STEDT considers this word to be a possible descendant of Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-gwi(j) (“elephant”). Outside Sino-Tibetan, compare Proto-Vietic *-vɔːj (“elephant”) > Vietnamese voi (“elephant”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uî • Middle-Chinese : hjwe ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uī • Middle-Chinese : hjweH to do; to make • to administer; to govern • to construct; to make • to become; to turn into • to be (equivalent to, equal to) • to take something as • to act as; to serve as; to behave as • by • Suffix used after a single-character adjective to form an adverb • Suffix used after a single-character adverb for emphasis ‖ for • because of • for the sake of • (literary) to ‖ 為(い) • (i) ^(←ゐ (wi)?) ‖ 為(い) • (i) ^(←ゐ (wi)?) ‖ the twelfth string on a 箏 (koto, “Japanese zither”) • a fingering method for playing the 尺八 (shakuhachi, “Japanese endblown flute”) ‖ do, perform, carry out 為 (eumhun 할 위 (hal wi)) Alternative form of 爲 (“to do; act”) Hán-Nôm : vi • Hán-Nôm : vị • Hán-Nôm : vĩ 為
烏 Pictogram (象形) – a bird. Compare 鳥 (“bird”), of similar development. \ ; “crow; black; dark” \ : Schuessler (2007) considers it to be onomatopoeic, and compares it with Proto-Loloish *akᴸ (“crow”). \ : “Black; dark” is a semantic extension of “crow” – “black as a crow”. Compare 黑 (OC *hmlɯːɡ, “black”), which is cognate with 墨 (OC *mlɯːɡ, “ink”). \ ; “sun” \ ; interrogative pronoun Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : oo • Middle-Chinese : 'u crow; raven; rook • (obsolete, metonymically) sun • (literary or in compounds or Hakka, Min) black; dark • (literary) to dye black • (literary) An interrogative pronoun with a variety of meanings, including "how", "why", "where", etc. • Short for 烏克蘭／乌克兰 (Wūkèlán, “Ukraine”). • a surname ‖ 烏(う) • (u) ‖ crow; raven • black; dark • (figuratively) sun • A Chinese interrogative for rhetorical questions. 烏 • (o) · 烏 • (o) (hangeul 오, revised o, McCune–Reischauer o, Yale o) ‖ ‖ 烏(がらすぃ) (garasï) hanja form of 오 (“crow”) ‖ 烏 \ • 烏 \ ‖ crow, raven Hán-Nôm : ô 烏
烘 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hong³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hong • Middle-Chinese : huwng • Middle-Chinese : xuwng • Middle-Chinese : huwngH • Middle-Chinese : xuwngH ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : hung⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung³ (literal) to bake; to roast • (literal) to dry by fire or heat • (figurative) to set off; to play up; to showcase; to highlight ‖ (Cantonese) mark of different colour, especially one that is due to contact with other objects 烘 • (hong) · 烘 • (hong) (hangeul 홍, revised hong, McCune–Reischauer hong, Yale hong) Hán-Nôm : hồng 烘
烙 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·raːɡ) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 各 (OC *klaːɡ). \ Compare Thai คลอก (klɔ̂ɔk, “to burn”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ From Hokkien 落 (làu). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄠˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lok³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lok⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lo̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lō • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lo̍k • Middle-Chinese : lak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄠˋ to brand; to mark on livestock with hot metallic object • to iron • to pan-fry • to burn; to cauterize ‖ (Taiwanese Mandarin) to show off (one's abilities in a language) 烙 • (rak>nak) · 烙 • (rak>nak) (hangeul 락>낙) to burn • to brand Hán-Nôm : lạc 烙
烤 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰluːʔ) : semantic 火 + phonetic 考 (OC *kʰluːʔ). \ Originally 熇. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haau¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khónn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khó to roast; to bake; to toast • to dry using fire • to heat oneself up Hán-Nôm : khảo • Hán-Nôm : khão 烤
烹 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pqʰraːŋ) : phonetic 亨 (OC *qʰaŋʔ, *pqʰraːŋ, *qʰraːŋ) + semantic 灬. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paang¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phng to boil; to cook • (historical) to boil somebody alive (a punishment in imperial China) • to forge; to smelt • (cooking) to fry quickly in hot oil and stir in sauce • to brew; to infuse boil, simmer 烹 • (paeng) · 烹 • (paeng) (hangeul 팽, revised paeng, McCune–Reischauer p'aeng, Yale phayng) 烹 (phanh, phừng) 烹
焊 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hon⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hon² • Cantonese · Jyutping : hon⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huānn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hān • Middle-Chinese : xanX to weld; to solder Hán-Nôm : hàn • Hán-Nôm : hãn 焊
焚 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 火 (“fire”) + 林 (“trees”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hûn • Middle-Chinese : bjun to burn 焚 (eumhun 불사를 분 (bulsareul bun)) hanja form of 분 (“burn”) Hán-Nôm : phàn • Hán-Nôm : phần • Hán-Nôm : phừng 焚
焰 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *loms) : phonetic 臽 (OC *kʰloːmʔ, *ɡroːms) + semantic 火 (“fire”) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iām • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iānn • Middle-Chinese : yemH flame flame • blaze • glowing • blazing 焰 (eumhun 불꽃 염 (bulkkot yeom)) hanja form of 염 (“flame; blaze; glowing”) Hán-Nôm : diệm • Hán-Nôm : diễm • Hán-Nôm : diêm • Hán-Nôm : dim 焰
煌 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷaːŋ) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 皇 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ). \ Probably Sino-Tibetan; compare Burmese လွင် (lwang, “vivid”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ 皇 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ, “royal”) may be the same word (ibid.). \ It may be related to 光 (OC *kʷaːŋ, *kʷaːŋs, “light; bright”) (Wang, 1982; Schuessler, 2007). Wang (1982) additionally relates it to 景 (OC *kraŋʔ, “bright; sunlight”), 鏡 (OC *kraŋs, “mirror”), 晃 (OC *ɡʷaːŋʔ, “bright”), 曠 (OC *kʰʷaːŋs, “bright”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hông • Middle-Chinese : hwang bright; brilliant bright • glittering • gleaming 煌 • (hwang) · 煌 • (hwang) (hangeul 황, revised hwang, McCune–Reischauer hwang, Yale hwang) canonical : 煌: Hán Việt readings: hoàng 煌
煞 Alternative form of 殺／杀. \ From 殺／杀 (shā). ‖ Alternative form of 殺／杀. \ From 殺／杀 (shā). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saat³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suà • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sat • Middle-Chinese : sreat ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saat³ Alternative form of 殺／杀 (“to kill”) • to stop; to halt • to weaken; to reduce • to tighten • (Northern Wu) to satisfy; to quench (esp. a desire) • (Hokkien) to end; to conclude; to terminate; to finish • (Hokkien) to stop and give up; to abandon; to leave it be; to leave it at that • (Hokkien) to prevent; to restrain; to suppress; to hold back • (Hokkien) unexpectedly; surprisingly; instead • (Hokkien) how; how can it be that (used in rhetorical questions) • (Mainland China Hokkien) at once; immediately • (Taiwanese Hokkien) to be wounded by evil spirits • (Taiwanese Hokkien) demon; fiend; devil ‖ evil spirit; demon • very • (literary) what • (obsolete) although 煞 • (sal) · 煞 • (sal) (hangeul 살, revised sal, McCune–Reischauer sal, Yale sal) canonical : 煞: Hán Việt readings: sát 煞
煤 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mɯː) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 某 (OC *mɯʔ). \ Sino-Tibetan. Schuessler (2007) proposes two possibilities: \ * Cognate with Proto-Lolo-Burmese *ʔ-mu² (“soot; acrid (smoke)”). If related, a merger of Minimal Old Chinese *ə with *o must have occurred. \ * Cognate with Mizo mang (maŋᴿ), man (manᴸ, “sooty”), Mizo mang (maŋᴴ, “partially burnt wood”). \ 文 (OC *mɯn) may be a derivation with -n nominal suffix. 黑 (OC *hmlɯːɡ, “black”) may be an allofam. Unrelated to 晦 (OC *hmɯːs, “dark”) according to Schuessler (2007). Cantonese · Jyutping : mui⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄟˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : muî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : muê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : buê • Middle-Chinese : mwoj coal (Classifier: 塊／块 m c; 嚿 c) • ^† dust of smoke; soot • ^† ink ‖ 煤(すす) • (susu) ‖ 煤(ばい) • (bai) ‖ soot (fine particles of amorphous carbon and tar) • sooted dirt or dust accumulated in ceilings, walls, etc. • Short for 煤色 (susuiro): a shade of black as in the color of soot ‖ soot • coal 煤 (eumhun 그을음 매 (geueureum mae)) hanja form of 매 (“soot”) Hán-Nôm : môi • Hán-Nôm : muồi • Hán-Nôm : mai 煤
煽 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hljen, *hljens) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 扇 (OC *hljen, *hljens). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siàn • Middle-Chinese : syen • Middle-Chinese : syenH to fan; to invigorate fire • to incite; to instigate; to provoke (literal) to fan; to flap • (figurative) to agitate; to stir up • to incite; to provoke; to instigate • to flatter 煽 (eumhun 부칠 선 (buchil seon)) hanja form of 선 (“to fan”) canonical : 煽: Hán Việt readings: phiến 煽: Nôm readings: phiến chữ Hán form of phiến (“fanning flames”). 煽
熄 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *slɯɡ) : semantic 火 + phonetic 息 (OC *slɯɡ) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sit • Middle-Chinese : sik to extinguish (light or fire); to go out • (Cantonese) to turn off; to switch off cessation, disappearance, extinction 熄 • (sik) · 熄 • (sik) (hangeul 식, revised sik, McCune–Reischauer sik, Yale sik) put out, extinguish • quash Hán-Nôm : tức • Hán-Nôm : tắt 熄
熔 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *loŋ) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 容 (OC *loŋ) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iûnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iônn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iâunn to melt by heat; to turn solid into liquid by heat melt, fuse 熔 • (yong) · 熔 • (yong) (hangeul 용, revised yong, McCune–Reischauer yong, Yale yong) Hán-Nôm : dong • Hán-Nôm : dung • Hán-Nôm : nung 熔
熙 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰlɯ) : phonetic 巸 (OC *lɯ) + semantic 灬 (“fire”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰlɯ) : phonetic 巸 (OC *lɯ) + semantic 灬 (“fire”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hi • Middle-Chinese : xi ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˊ bright; splendid; glorious ‖ a surname. bright; prosperous; merry 熙 • (hui) · 熙 • (hui) (hangeul 희, revised hui, McCune–Reischauer hŭi, Yale huy) Hán-Nôm : hây • Hán-Nôm : hy • Hán-Nôm : hi 熙
熬 From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-ŋaw (“to fry; to roast”); cognate with Tibetan རྔོ (rngo, “to fry”), Chepang ङाव्सा (ŋaw, “to fry; to parch; to roast”), Tangut 𗲔 (*ŋur¹, “pancake”) (STEDT; Benedict, 1972; Coblin, 1986; Schuessler, 2007; Jacques, 2014). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngou⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngaau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gôo • Middle-Chinese : ngaw ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˊ to cook something on slow fire; to extract something using heat • (figurative) to endure • a surname: Ao ‖ to stew (vegetables, etc.) in water; to boil; to simmer parch • roast 熬 (eum 오 (o)) Hán-Nôm : ngao 熬
燈 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tɯːŋ) : semantic 火 (“candlelight”) + phonetic 登 (OC *tɯːŋ). \ ; to jinx Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄥㄦ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄣ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ting • Middle-Chinese : tong lamp; light; lantern (for illumination) (Classifier: 盞／盏 m c h; 眼 c; 支 mn) • lamp (for heating) • (Hong Kong Cantonese) traffic lights (Classifier: 支 c) • (Hong Kong Cantonese, neologism) to jinx; to make incorrect predictions • (Hong Kong Cantonese, neologism) tending to jinx 燈 (eumhun 등 등 (deung deung)) hanja form of 등 (“lamp, lantern, light”) Hán-Nôm : đăng 燈
燒 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hŋjew, *hŋjaws) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 堯 (OC *ŋeːw). \ From 蕘 (OC *ŋjew, “firewood; fuel”) with causative devoicing (Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄠ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sio • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siau • Middle-Chinese : syew • Middle-Chinese : syewH to burn • to heat up; to make warm • to burn; to corrode • to roast; to grill; to braise • to stew after frying, or to fry after stewing • to cook (food) • (of a fuse) to blow • (medicine) to have a fever; to run a temperature • (medicine) fever; temperature • (colloquial) bigheaded; conceited and forgetting oneself due to having too many resources (money etc.) • (dialectal Mandarin, Gan, Hakka, Jin) boiling hot; scalding hot • (Hakka, Northern Min, Southern Min, Malaysian and Singapore Mandarin) hot; having a high temperature (distinguished from 熱／热, which describes weather) • (Cantonese) to set off (firecrackers, fireworks, etc.) • (Cantonese, electronics) to burn out • (Sichuanese) to smoke • (Sichuanese) to trick; to deceive • (Sichuanese) to ridicule; to roast • (Internet slang) to cause flaming; to cause controversy • (Mainland China, Internet slang) Alternative form of 騷／骚 (sāo, “flirty; provocative”) burn • grill 燒 (eumhun 불사를 소 (bulsareul so)) hanja form of 소 (“burn; fire”) Hán-Nôm : thiêu • Hán-Nôm : thiếu • Hán-Nôm : thiu • Hán-Nôm : sao 燒
營 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷeŋ) : abbreviated phonetic 熒 (OC *ɡʷeːŋ) + abbreviated semantic 宮 (“palace”), depicting a person working all night with a light on his house. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iânn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : îng • Middle-Chinese : yweng encampment; barracks • (military) battalion • camp; activity; event • to encamp • to build; to construct • to operate; to run • to manage; to handle • to seek for; to seek • to measure Kyūjitai form of 営 營 (eumhun 경영할 영 (gyeong'yeonghal yeong)) hanja form of 영 (“encampment; barracks”) • hanja form of 영 (“to manage; to operate”) • hanja form of 영 (“to build; to construct”) Hán-Nôm : dinh • Hán-Nôm : doanh 營
燭 Compare Tibetan དུགས་པ (dugs pa, “to make warm, to warm, to light”) and Burmese တောက် (tauk, “to shine, to illuminate, to make fire”) (Hill, 2019). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zuk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiok • Middle-Chinese : tsyowk candle; taper • to shine; to illuminate • (Taiwanese Hokkien) candlepower (unit) ‖ 燭(しょく) • (shoku) ‖ 燭(しょく) • (-shoku) ‖ a light (source of illumination) • a candlepower ‖ a candlepower 燭 • (chok) · 燭 • (chok) (hangeul 촉) Hán-Nôm : chúc • Hán-Nôm : đuốc 燭
爐 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raː) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 盧 (OC *b·raː). Originally written 盧, see there for more. Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo • Middle-Chinese : lu fireplace, stove, oven, furnace 爐 (eumhun 화로 로 (hwaro ro), word-initial (South Korea) 화로 노 (hwaro no)) hanja form of 로/노 (“fireplace, stove, oven, furnace”) Hán-Nôm : lô 爐
爬 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *braː) : semantic 爪 + phonetic 巴 (OC *praː). \ Cognate with 匍 (OC *baː). Cantonese · Jyutping : paa⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄚˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pêe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phâ • Middle-Chinese : bae to crawl; to creep • to climb; to ascend; to get up • to scramble • (Sichuanese or Internet slang, dismissal, derogatory or self-deprecatory) to leave; to get out to scratch • to crawl; to creep 爬 • (pa) · 爬 • (pa) (hangeul 파) Hán-Nôm : ba • Hán-Nôm : bò • Hán-Nôm : bà 爬
爭 Pictogram (象形) – two hands on a plowshare. \ ; "to dispute; to fight; to contend; to strive" \ ; "to lack; to owe" ‖ Pictogram (象形) – two hands on a plowshare. \ ; "to dispute; to fight; to contend; to strive" \ ; "to lack; to owe" Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsenn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsng • Middle-Chinese : tsreang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaang³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zang³ to dispute; to fight • to contend • to strive • (dialectal Mandarin, Cantonese, dialectal Hakka, Jin, dialectal Min, Southern Wu) to lack; to be missing; still have; remaining • (Cantonese) to have a difference (expressed in conjunction with terms of physical distance) • (Ürümqi Mandarin) argumentative • (Ürümqi Mandarin) to open up • (dialectal) to owe • (Wanrong Mandarin) because; due to; so that • (Wanrong Mandarin) capable • (Suzhounese, Dongguan Cantonese) to argue for the sake of arguing • (Wenzhounese) different • (Jinhua Wu) to have reservations • 25th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "contention" (𝌞) • why, how ‖ ^† Original form of 諍／诤 (zhèng, “to admonish”). Kyūjitai form of 争 爭 (eumhun 다툴 쟁 (datul jaeng)) hanja form of 쟁 (“dispute; fight”) Hán-Nôm : tranh • Hán-Nôm : tránh • Hán-Nôm : giành 爭
爸 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *praːs, *baʔ) : semantic 父 (“father”) + phonetic 巴 (OC *praː). \ Colloquial form of 父 (OC *baʔ, “father”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *p/ba (“male; father”). Cantonese · Jyutping : baa¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pě • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pēe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pa • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pǎ • Middle-Chinese : baX (colloquial) father; dad 爸 • (pa) · 爸 • (pa) (hangeul 파, revised pa, McCune–Reischauer p'a, Yale pha) canonical : 爸: Hán Việt readings: bả • canonical : ba 爸: Nôm readings: ba chữ Hán form of ba (“father”). 爸
爹 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *daːʔ, *tjaː) : semantic 父 (“father”) + phonetic 多 (OC *ʔl'aːl). \ Possibly from Proto-Turkic *ata (“father”) and cognate with Old Turkic 𐱃𐰀 (t¹a /⁠ata⁠/) (Vovin and McCraw, 2011) Cantonese · Jyutping : de¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄝ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tia • Middle-Chinese : trjae • Middle-Chinese : daX (colloquial) father; dad • (regional, honorific) old man; grandpa; granddad 爹 (eum 다 (da)) Hán-Nôm : đa • Hán-Nôm : đà • Hán-Nôm : ta 爹
牌 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *breː, *breː) : semantic 片 + phonetic 卑 (OC *pe). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄞˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pâi • Middle-Chinese : bea • Middle-Chinese : beaj board; plate • census plate • signboard; placard; sign; tablet • brand; trademark • nameplate • Name of a type of historical documents delivered to the lower levels. • (card games, mahjong, dominoes) playing cards; cards; dominoes; mahjong; etc. (Classifier: 張／张 m c; 飛／飞 c) • (figurative) card (a resource or an argument, used to achieve a purpose) • (Hong Kong) licence (Classifier: 個／个 c) • list (of prices) • shield • memorial (gateway or building) • pitch (style) of ancient Chinese poetry (ci) or music (qu) • manner; air; shape • (Cantonese) medal • (Southern Min) plaque; memorial tablet • (Jilu Mandarin) Classifier for card games: round • a surname: Pai a small, written slip of paper: ticket, receipt, label, etc. • sign, placard • playing card, mahjong tile • shield, buckler 牌 (eumhun 패 패 (pae pae)) hanja form of 패 (“tablet”) Hán-Nôm : bài • Hán-Nôm : bìa • Hán-Nôm : bời 牌
牡 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 牛 (“cattle”) + 丄. Various explanations exist, some propose 丄 (here unrelated to 上) depicts a penis to represent “male”. Later 丄 came to be written 土. See also the etymology of this character. \ Austroasiatic (Schuessler, 2007). Compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɟm(oo)l (“male”) (whence Khmer ឈ្មោល (chmool, “to be male”)), Old Mon jmūr ~ jmur (“male (elephant)”), Proto-Waic *(k)mɔj (“(wild) ox; buffalo”), Proto-Vietic *mɔːlʔ (“person; human being”) (whence Vietnamese mọi (“savage; barbarian”), Muong mõl (“human being”)). \ An oracle bone graph for this word shows a vertical stick on a horizontal ground, possibly because it had been intended for an obsolete homophone cognate with Proto-Vietic *c-mɔːlʔ (“digging stick”), which alongside "male" may derive from a stem represented in Old Khmer cval (“to enter; to penetrate; (of animals) to copulate”), Khmu [script needed] (cmɔɔl, “to plant (rice) with a digging stick”), [script needed] (crmɔɔl, “digging stick”) (ibid.; Ferlus, 1987). Schuessler (2007) further proposes a relationship with 畝 (OC *mɯʔ, “cropland; mu (a Chinese measuring unit for area)”) (ibid.); see there for more. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maau⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mau⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bóo • Middle-Chinese : muwX (obsolete) male of animals • (obsolete) male genitals • (obsolete) bolt of door • (obsolete) hill; hump • Used in 牡蠣／牡蛎 (mǔlì, “oyster”). male • oyster 牡 • (mo) · 牡 • (mo) (hangeul 모, revised mo, McCune–Reischauer mo, Yale mo) Hán-Nôm : mẫu 牡
牢 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 宀 (“pen; animal yard”) + 牛 (“cow”) Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄠˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : láu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo • Middle-Chinese : law pen; enclosure • prison; jail • firm; fast; durable • dependable; reliable • animal used for sacrificing • with grievance and toil • (Shanghainese) indicates continuous aspect • a surname: Lao ‖ 牢(ろう) • (rō) ^(←らう (rau)?) prison • stable, pen • secure ‖ prison 牢 • (roe, noe, ro, no) · 牢 • (roe, noe, ro, no) (hangeul 뢰, 뇌, 로, 노, revised roe, noe, ro, no, McCune–Reischauer roe, noe, ro, no, Yale loy, noy, lo, no) Hán-Nôm : lao • Hán-Nôm : lào • Hán-Nôm : sao • Hán-Nôm : sau chữ Hán form of lao (“prison”). • Nôm form of lao (“javelin, harpoon”). • Nôm form of Lào (“Laos”). • Nôm form of rao (“to announce”). • Nôm form of sao (“why, how”). • Nôm form of sao (“star”). • Nôm form of sau (“after”). • Nôm form of trau (“to polish”). 牢
牽 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰiːn, *kʰiːns) : phonetic 玄 (OC *ɡʷeːn) + semantic 牛 (“cow, ox”) — leading an ox by hand. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰiːn, *kʰiːns) : phonetic 玄 (OC *ɡʷeːn) + semantic 牛 (“cow, ox”) — leading an ox by hand. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰiːn, *kʰiːns) : phonetic 玄 (OC *ɡʷeːn) + semantic 牛 (“cow, ox”) — leading an ox by hand. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hin¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khian • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khen • Middle-Chinese : khen ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢˋ • Middle-Chinese : khenH ‖ to drag; to pull; to lead by hand • to involve; to drag in • to think about (someone); to be concerned about • to hold up; to hinder; to drag (someone) • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 縴／纤 (“tow rope”) ‖ (Eastern Min) to clutch 牽 (eumhun 당길 견 (danggil gyeon)) hanja form of 견 (“draw, pull, attract”) Hán-Nôm : khiên • Hán-Nôm : khin 牽
犀 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sliːl) : phonetic 尾 (OC *mɯlʔ) + semantic 牛 (“ox”). \ Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-sej (“rhinoceros”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sai¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sai • Hokkien · Tai-lo : se • Middle-Chinese : sej rhinoceros • sharp; hard; well-tempered (as metal) ‖ 犀(さい) or 犀(サイ) • (sai) ‖ a rhinoceros 犀 (eumhun 무소 서 (muso seo)) hanja form of 서 (“rhinoceros”) Hán-Nôm : tê • Hán-Nôm : tây a rhinoceros 犀
犁 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *riːl, *ril) : phonetic 利 (OC *rids) + semantic 牛 (“cow”) Cantonese · Jyutping : lai⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lerê • Middle-Chinese : lej plough • to plough • (literary) to destroy • a surname: Li 犁 • (ri>i) · 犁 • (ri>i) (hangeul 리>이, revised ri>i, McCune–Reischauer ri>i, Yale li>i) Hán-Nôm : lê 犁
狀 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zraŋs) : phonetic 爿 (OC *braːn, *zaŋ) + semantic 犬. Cantonese · Jyutping : zong⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄤˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsn̄g • Middle-Chinese : dzrjangH ^⁜ form; appearance; state • ^⁜ shape • ^⁜ certificate • ^⁜ to describe things stand 狀 (eumhun 형상(形狀) 상) ‖ 狀 (eumhun 문서 장 (munseo jang)) hanja form of 상 (“form; appearance; state”) • hanja form of 상 (“shape”) ‖ hanja form of 장 (“document; certificate”) Hán-Nôm : trạng 狀
狐 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷaː) : semantic 犭 (“dog”) + phonetic 瓜 (OC *kʷraː). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gwa (“fox”). Cognate with Tibetan ཝ (wa, “fox”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hôo • Middle-Chinese : hu fox • a surname ‖ 狐(きつね) or 狐(キツネ) • (kitsune) ‖ a fox 狐 (eumhun 여우 호 (yeou ho)) hanja form of 호 (“fox”) [affix] Hán-Nôm : hồ 狐
狙 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰa, *sʰas) : semantic 犭 + phonetic 且 (OC *sʰjaːʔ, *ʔsa). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsir • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsi • Middle-Chinese : tshjo ape, monkey, gibbon an ape, (in particular) a gibbon • aiming at • aiming for; in pursuit of something • waiting for an opening; awaiting one's chance 狙 (eumhun 원숭이 저 (wonsung'i jeo)) · 狙 (eumhun 엿볼 저 (yeotbol jeo)) hanja form of 저 (“monkey”) • hanja form of 저 (“to peek”) Hán-Nôm : thư 狙
狠 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 犭 + phonetic 艮 (OC *kɯːns). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : han² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hún • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hūn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hīn vicious; cruel • severely; extreme • (Wu) fierce; ferocious; threatening; unreasonable • (Wu) impressive; skilled; wise; deft; capable Hán-Nôm : ngận 狠
狡 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : káu • Middle-Chinese : kaewX sly; cunning; treacherous ‖ 狡(ずる) • (zuru) sly, cunning, sneaky ‖ slyness, sly act, sly person 狡 • (gyo) · 狡 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo, Yale kyo) Hán-Nôm : giảo • Hán-Nôm : sinh • Hán-Nôm : xảo 狡
狩 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰljus) : semantic 犬 (“dog”) + phonetic 守 (OC *qʰljuʔ, *qʰljus). \ 獸 (OC *qʰljus, “beast”) is the exopassive of 狩 (OC *qʰljus, “to hunt”), literally "what is hunted" (Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau² • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau³ • Middle-Chinese : syuwH (literary) to hunt • (literary, of an emperor) to embark an inspection tour of the realm ‖ 狩(かり) • (kari) ‖ hunting (game, deer, ducks, etc.), hunt • gathering (mushrooms, etc.), picking (strawberries, peaches, etc.) 狩 (eum 수 (su)) Hán-Nôm : thú 狩
狸 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯ) : semantic 犬 (“dog”) + phonetic 里 (OC *rɯʔ). Originally an unorthodox variant (俗字) of the character 貍 (lí). \ Uncertain. Here some proposals: \ *Fangyan https://ctext.org/dictionary.pl?if=en&id=45515 and Guo Pu consider it to be one among many dialectal words for 貔 (OC *bi), which however is a different word (Schuessler, 2007) (see there). \ *Zhao & Huang (1998) (apud Schuessler, 2007) connects it to Hmong pli ~ ple "cat". \ *Schuessler (2007) minimally reconstructs 貍 (OC *rə) from *pʰrə ~ *pʰə-rə and proposes possible Sino-Tibetan etymology and compares it to Mru pri (“a kind of leopard”) (see also Löffler, 1966); he also sees potential cognacy with Tibetan ཞི་མི (zhi mi), ཞིམ་བུ (zhim bu), ཞུམ་བུ (zhum bu) - all meaning "cat" - if those were from *ryi-mi; additionally, པི་ཤི (pi shi, “cat”) (< *zhi?) is possibly equivalent to Old Chinese dialectal forms with initial *pʰ- (e.g. 𧳏 (pī) < *pʰiə < *pʰrə) (though པི་ཤི (pi shi)'s pi and བྱི་ལ (byi la)'s byi might be from Indic). \ *STEDT reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-(l/r)e(y/ŋ) (“squirrel, weasel”) and proposes cognacy with 鼪 (OC *sreŋ, *sreŋs), Tibetan སྲེ་མོང (sre mong, “weasel”), Burmese [script needed] (hrañ, “squirrel”), etc. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lî • Middle-Chinese : li leopard cat • raccoon dog • (obsolete) cat ‖ 狸(たぬき) or 狸(タヌキ) • (tanuki) ‖ 狸(たたけ) or 狸(たたげ) • (tatake or tatage) ‖ 狸(たのき) • (tanoki) raccoon dog • wild cat ‖ a raccoon dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides • (figurative) a person who pretends to be good but in fact is cunning (compare English sly fox) • Short for 狸饂飩 (tanuki-udon) and 狸蕎麦 (tanuki-soba): styles of various noodle dishes • (rare) Short for 狸寝入り (tanuki neiri): pretending to be asleep • (rare, obsolete) Short for 狸汁 (tanuki-jiru): a soup made from tanuki meat mixed with daikon, burdock root, etc. ‖ (archaic, obsolete) a raccoon dog • (archaic, obsolete) the hair of a raccoon dog, used for making brushes ‖ (dated, dialectal, Western Japan, chiefly Kansai) a raccoon dog • (dated, dialectal, Kansai) Short for 狸饂飩 (tanoki-udon) and 狸蕎麦 (tanoki-soba): styles of various noodle dishes 狸 • (ri>i) · 狸 • (ri>i) (hangeul 리>이, revised ri>i, McCune–Reischauer ri>i, Yale li>i) (너구리 리, neoguri-): raccoon dog Hán-Nôm : li 狸
狼 Characters in the same phonetic series (良) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raːŋ) : semantic 犭 + phonetic 良 (OC *raŋ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄤˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lâng • Middle-Chinese : lang wolf (Classifier: 匹 m; 隻／只 m c; 條／条 m; 頭／头 m) • (figurative) dirty guy; pervert • (Cantonese) cruel; ruthless ‖ 狼(おおかみ) or 狼(オオカミ) • (ōkami) ^(←おほかみ (ofokami)?) (counter 匹) ‖ 狼(おおかめ) • (ōkame) ^(←おほかめ (ofokame)?) wolf ‖ a wolf (animal) • Short for 日本狼 (Nihon-ōkami, “Japanese wolf”). ‖ (possibly obsolete) a wolf (animal) 狼 (eumhun 이리 랑 (iri rang), word-initial (South Korea) 이리 낭 (iri nang)) hanja form of 랑/낭 (“wolf”) canonical : 狼: Hán Việt readings: lang 狼: Nôm readings: lang chữ Hán form of lang (“wolf”). 狼
猖 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰjaŋ) : semantic 犭 (“dog”) + phonetic 昌 (OC *tʰjaŋ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsyhang 猖 • (chang) · 猖 • (chang) (hangeul 창, revised chang, McCune–Reischauer ch'ang, Yale chang) Hán-Nôm : xương 猖
猜 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰlɯː) : semantic 犭 + phonetic 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄞ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshai • Middle-Chinese : tshoj ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : ioh to guess; to suppose; to conjecture • to suspect; to have a suspicion; to doubt • ^† suspicion; jealousy • ^† to envy; to hate; to resent • to play (a hand game) ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 臆 (ioh, “to guess”) 猜 (eumhun 시기할 시 (sigihal si)) hanja form of 시 (“jealousy”) Hán-Nôm : sai • Hán-Nôm : xai 猜
猩 ‖ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *priŋ ~ *b-riŋ (“to bark”) (STEDT). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sing¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sing • Middle-Chinese : sraeng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sing¹ • Middle-Chinese : seng Used in 猩猩 (xīngxing); also used as its short form. • Synonym of 猩紅／猩红 (xīnghóng, “scarlet; bright red”) ‖ (obsolete, rare) to bark 猩 (eum 성 (seong)) Hán-Nôm : tinh 猩
猴 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡoː) : semantic 犭 + phonetic 侯 (OC *ɡoː). \ The first syllable in 母猴 (OC *mɯʔ ɡoː, “macaque”) and 沐猴 (OC *moːɡ ɡoː, “macaque”) may perhaps be an old pre-initial (Unger, 1985). \ Compare Proto-Lolo-Burmese *myukᴸ (“monkey”), which derives from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *m(j/r)uk (“monkey”) (Pinault et al., 1997, STEDT). Cantonese · Jyutping : hau⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄡˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄡˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kâu • Middle-Chinese : huw monkey; ape • naughty child • (Southern Min) male paramour • (dialectal) to lean on someone; to pester someone • (dialectal) to squat like a monkey • (dialectal) naughty; clever • (Southern Min) skinny and dark-skinned; ugly as a monkey • a surname monkey 猴 (eum 후 (hu)) monkey, macaque Hán-Nôm : hầu 猴
猾 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waat⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ku̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hua̍t • Middle-Chinese : hweat Crafty, cunning, sly crafty 猾 • (hwal) · 猾 • (hwal) (hangeul 활, revised hwal, McCune–Reischauer hwal, Yale hwal) crafty, cunning, shrewd • deceitful Hán-Nôm : hoạt 猾
獨 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *doːɡ) : semantic 犭 + phonetic 蜀 (OC *djoɡ). Cantonese · Jyutping : duk⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ta̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : to̍k • Middle-Chinese : duwk alone; single; solitary • the old and childless • only • (literary) Indicates a rhetorical question: is it possible that... • (in compounds) separatism 獨 (eumhun 홀로 독 (hollo dok)) ‖ 獨 • (Dok) (hangeul 독) hanja form of 독 (“alone”) [affix] ‖ (in news headlines) Short for 獨(독)逸(일) (Dogil, “(South Korea) Germany”). Hán-Nôm : độc • Hán-Nôm : dọc 獨
獵 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rab) : semantic 犭 + phonetic 巤 (OC *rab). \ ;to hunt \ :See 臘 for etymology. \ ;turtle, tortoise Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lip⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : la̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lia̍p • Middle-Chinese : ljep to hunt (animals) • to hunt for; to pursue; to search for • Used in 獵獵／猎猎. • (obsolete) tortoise; turtle • Alternative form of 躐 (liè, “to trample”) ‖ 獵(りょう) • (ryō) ^(←れふ (refu)?) ‖ Alternative spelling of 猟 獵 (eumhun 사냥 렵 (sanyang ryeop), word-initial (South Korea) 사냥 엽 (sanyang yeop)) hanja form of 렵/엽 (“to hunt”) Hán-Nôm : liệp 獵
獸 Characters in the same phonetic series (嘼) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 單 (“hunting weapon”) + 犬 (“dog”) – "hunting". 口 was added later (see 嘼). \ Exopassive of 狩 (OC *qʰljus, “to hunt”), literally "what is hunted" (Schuessler, 2007). Speculatively, 獸 (OC *qʰljus) can be compared with Tibetan འཆོར་བ ('chor ba, “to hunt”) (ibid.). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄡˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siù • Middle-Chinese : syuwH beast; animal • bestial • furry (subculture) 獸 • (su) · 獸 • (su) (hangeul 수, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu) Hán-Nôm : thú 獸
獻 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sŋaːl, *hŋans, *ŋrad) : phonetic 鬳 (OC *ŋans) + semantic 犬 (“dog”). \ Same word as 憲 (OC *hŋans) (Schuessler, 2007), its basic meaning being seemingly "elevate > to be elavated". \ Inside the Sinitic branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family, it's related to 甗 (OC *ŋan, *ŋranʔ, *ŋrans, “a cooking vessel consisting of a steamer 'elevated' on a three-legged boiler”). Furthermore, it's possibly cognate to Tibetan སྔར་མ (sngar ma, “sharp-witted, quick-witted, intelligent”) (ibid., Gong, 2000). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sŋaːl, *hŋans, *ŋrad) : phonetic 鬳 (OC *ŋans) + semantic 犬 (“dog”). \ Same word as 憲 (OC *hŋans) (Schuessler, 2007), its basic meaning being seemingly "elevate > to be elavated". \ Inside the Sinitic branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family, it's related to 甗 (OC *ŋan, *ŋranʔ, *ŋrans, “a cooking vessel consisting of a steamer 'elevated' on a three-legged boiler”). Furthermore, it's possibly cognate to Tibetan སྔར་མ (sngar ma, “sharp-witted, quick-witted, intelligent”) (ibid., Gong, 2000). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hin³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiàn • Middle-Chinese : xjonH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄛ • Middle-Chinese : sa to offer; to present; to donate • to show; to display • (archaic) virtuous person • a surname • (neologism, slang) to commit a mass murder ‖ (historical) a method of filtering wine • (historical) sacrificial wine vessel to revere, to contribute, to present 獻 • (heon, sa) · 獻 • (heon, sa) (hangeul 헌, 사, revised heon, sa, McCune–Reischauer hŏn, sa, Yale hen, sa) canonical : 獻: Hán Việt readings: hiến • canonical : ta 獻: Nôm readings: hiến 獻
玖 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷlɯʔ) : semantic 玉 + phonetic 久 (OC *kʷlɯʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄡˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : káu • Middle-Chinese : kjuwX black gemstone that is poorer than jade • (financial) Alternative form of 九 (“nine”) (used normally in official documents or checks to avoid forgery) (financial, archaic) nine • black jewel 玖 • (gu) · 玖 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu) Hán-Nôm : cửu 玖
玫 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mɯːl) : semantic 𤣩 (“jade”) + phonetic 文 (OC *mɯn) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mui⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : muî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : buê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : muê • Middle-Chinese : mwoj type of gemstone • Used in 玫瑰 (méigui, “rose”). canonical : 玫: Hán Việt readings: mai • canonical : mân • canonical : môi 玫: Nôm readings: môi 玫
玲 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːŋ) : semantic 玉 (“jade”) + phonetic 令 (OC *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lin • Middle-Chinese : leng (onomatopoeia) jade-hitting sound tinkling; sound of jade • exquisite • clever 玲 (eumhun 옥소리 령 (oksori ryeong), word-initial (South Korea) 옥소리 영 (oksori yeong)) hanja form of 령/영 (“mainly used in personal names”) Hán-Nôm : lính • Hán-Nôm : linh 玲
玷 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *teːmʔ, *teːms) : semantic 𤣩 + phonetic 占 (OC *ʔljem, *tjems). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dim³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiàm • Middle-Chinese : temX flaw in gem; defect in jade • (figuratively, of a person) flaw in character • to blemish; to stain 玷 • (jeom) · 玷 • (jeom) (hangeul 점, revised jeom, McCune–Reischauer chŏm, Yale cem) Hán-Nôm : điếm 玷
玻 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bo¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : po • Middle-Chinese : pha Used in 玻璃 (bōli, “glass”); also used as its short form. • Used in transliterations. • Short for 玻利維亞／玻利维亚 (Bōlìwéiyà, “Bolivia”). glass 玻 • (pa) · 玻 • (pa) (hangeul 파, revised pa, McCune–Reischauer p'a, Yale pha) Hán-Nôm : pha 玻
琅 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raːŋ) : semantic 玉 (“jade”) + phonetic 良 (OC *raŋ) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : long⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lông • Middle-Chinese : lang a variety of white carnelian • pure white • a surname pure jewel 琅 • (rang>nang) · 琅 • (rang>nang) (hangeul 랑>낭, revised rang>nang, McCune–Reischauer rang>nang, Yale lang>nang) Hán-Nôm : lang 琅
琉 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ru) : semantic 𤣩 (“jade”) + phonetic 㐬 (). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liû • Middle-Chinese : ljuw Used in compounds. precious stone • gem • lapis lazuli 琉 (eumhun 유리 류 (yuri ryu), word-initial (South Korea) 유리 유 (yuri yu)) hanja form of 류/유 (“glass”) canonical : 琉: Hán Việt readings: lưu 琉: Nôm readings: lưu 琉
琢 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rtoːɡ) : semantic 𤣩 (“jade”) + phonetic 豖 (OC *tʰoɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rtoːɡ) : semantic 𤣩 (“jade”) + phonetic 豖 (OC *tʰoɡ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : doek³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tok • Middle-Chinese : traewk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄛˊ to carve or cut jade or gemstone • (by extension) to cultivate (one's character, one's skills) ‖ Only used in 琢磨 (zuómo, “to think over; to ponder”). to polish • to cultivate one's skill • to select 琢 (eumhun 다듬을 탁 (dadeumeul tak)) canonical : 琢: Hán Việt readings: chác • canonical : trác 琢: Nôm readings: trác • canonical : trát 琢
琳 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lam⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîm • Middle-Chinese : lim beautiful jade jewel • tinkling of a string of jewels 琳 • (rim>im) · 琳 • (rim>im) (hangeul 림>임, revised rim>im, McCune–Reischauer rim>im, Yale lim>im) Hán-Nôm : lâm • Hán-Nôm : lam 琳
瑙 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nou⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ló Used in 瑪瑙／玛瑙 (mǎnǎo). • Used in 多瑙 (Duōnǎo). • Used in 錦瑙／锦瑙. agate • onyx 瑙 • (no) · 瑙 • (no) (hangeul 노, revised no, McCune–Reischauer no, Yale no) Hán-Nôm : não 瑙
瑞 Characters in the same phonetic series (耑) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djols) : semantic 玉 (“jade”) + phonetic 耑 (OC *toːn). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄟˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suī • Middle-Chinese : dzyweH token made of jade • auspicious omen • auspicious • a surname congratulations 瑞 (eumhun 상서로울 서 (sangseoroul seo)) hanja form of 서 (“auspicious; lucky”) Hán-Nôm : thụy • Hán-Nôm : thuỵ 瑞
瑟 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *smriɡ, *smriɡ) : semantic 珡 (“musical instrument”) + phonetic 必 (OC *pliɡ). 珡 has been simplified into the unrelated 玨. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sat¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sit • Middle-Chinese : srit (music) the se, an ancient Chinese bridge zither, usually with 25 strings • ^† solemn; dignified; alone; bleak • Used in 瑟瑟 (sèsè). • Used in 瑟縮／瑟缩 (sèsuō) and 瑟索. 瑟 • (seul) · 瑟 • (seul) (hangeul 슬, revised seul, McCune–Reischauer sŭl, Yale sul) Hán-Nôm : sắt 瑟
瑰 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kuːl, *ɡuːl) : semantic 𤣩 (“jade”) + phonetic 鬼 (OC *kulʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwai¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwai³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kui • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuì • Middle-Chinese : hwoj • Middle-Chinese : kwoj semi-precious stone that is less precious than jade • extraordinary, fabulous strange 瑰 • (goe) · 瑰 • (goe) (hangeul 괴, revised goe, McCune–Reischauer koe, Yale koy) extraordinary, fabulous • rose Hán-Nôm : côi • Hán-Nôm : khôi 瑰
璽 From 壐／𱖚. Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *smlelʔ) : phonetic 爾 (OC *njelʔ) + semantic 玉 (“jade”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saai² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sú • Middle-Chinese : sjeX (historical) imperial seal; royal seal ‖ 璽(じ) • (ji) ‖ 璽(しるし) • (shirushi) ‖ 璽(みしるし) • (mishirushi) the imperial seal or sigil • a symbol of imperial status ‖ a seal or sigil carved into a jewel • more specifically, such a seal belonging to the Chinese emperor of the Qin Dynasty or later, or belonging to the Japanese emperor • 八尺瓊曲玉 (Yasakani no Magatama), the jewel that is one of the three sacred treasures comprising the Imperial Regalia of Japan ‖ the emperor's personal seal or sigil or the national seal or sigil used for state business • the mark made by such a seal or sigil • 八尺瓊勾玉 (Yasakani no Magatama), one of the sacred treasures comprising the Imperial Regalia of Japan • all three of the sacred treasures ‖ a mark or seal indicating imperial status • a sacred item indicating imperial status • the emperor's personal seal or sigil 璽 (eumhun 도장 새 (dojang sae)) hanja form of 새 (“royal seal”) [noun] Hán-Nôm : tỉ • Hán-Nôm : tỷ 璽
瓜 Pictogram (象形) - a pictograph of a melon suspended by its vines. \ Etymology not clear (Schuessler, 2007). \ Possibly a borrowing from Proto-Hmong-Mien *klˠa (“cucumber”) (Ostapirat, 2016). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄚ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kue • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kua • Middle-Chinese : kwae ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : gwaa¹ melon; gourd; squash • (Mainland China, slang, neologism) storyful news • (Singapore, colloquial) fellow; dude • a surname ‖ (Wuhan Mandarin, Cantonese, Xiang, humorous) to die ‖ 瓜(うり) or 瓜(ウリ) • (uri) gourd, squash, melon ‖ gourd, squash, melon cucumber canonical : 瓜: Hán Việt readings: qua 瓜: Nôm readings: qua • canonical : dưa • canonical : co chữ Hán form of qua (“melon”). • Nôm form of dưa (“melon”). 瓜
瓢 Cantonese · Jyutping : piu⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄠˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiô • Middle-Chinese : bjiew ladle made from dried gourd gourd 瓢 • (pyo) · 瓢 • (pyo) (hangeul 표) Wooden ladle. They cut a dried gourd in half, and use each as a ladle. Hán-Nôm : biều • Hán-Nôm : bầu • Hán-Nôm : vào • Hán-Nôm : bèo • Hán-Nôm : bịn • Hán-Nôm : bìu • Hán-Nôm : vèo 瓢
瓣 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *breːns) : phonetic 辡 (OC *prenʔ, *brenʔ) + semantic 瓜 (“melon”). \ ;"segment, section, piece" \ ;"petal" Cantonese · Jyutping : baan⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : faan⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baan⁶⁻² • Cantonese · Jyutping : faan⁶⁻² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄢˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄢˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bān • Middle-Chinese : beanH melon seeds • petal • segment; section; piece; clove (of garlic) • (medicine) Short for 瓣膜 (bànmó, “valve”). • Classifier for pieces and segments, such as those of (cut-up) fruits or petals. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier • (Cantonese) Classifier for domains of activity.; field ‖ 瓣(べん) • (ben) ‖ 瓣(べん) • (-ben) flower petal • valve ‖ (anatomy) valve (membranous partition, flap, or fold, which allows flow in only one direction, e.g. a heart valve) • valve (device that controls the flow of a fluid through a pipe) ‖ flower petals 瓣 (eum 판 (pan)) Hán-Nôm : bẹ • Hán-Nôm : biện 瓣
瓷 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zli) : phonetic 次 (OC *sn̥ʰis) + semantic 瓦 (“earthenware”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsîr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huî • Middle-Chinese : dzij porcelain; china; chinaware • (of a thing) firm; solid; sturdy 瓷 • (ja) · 瓷 • (ja) (hangeul 자) Hán-Nôm : từ • Hán-Nôm : sứ • Hán-Nôm : tư 瓷
甜 Characters in the same phonetic series (甜) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 舌 (“tongue”) + 甘 (“sweet”). Rearrangement of 甛. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ljam (“sweet; fragrant”) (STEDT). Compare Tibetan ཞིམ (zhim, “tasty”) (Coblin, 1986; Schuessler, 2007; Hill, 2019). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiâm • Middle-Chinese : dem sweet • (figurative) pleasant; comfortable; happy • (figurative, of sleep) sound • (dialectal) bland; tasteless; not salty • (dialectal) delicious; tasty • (neologism, of a price) cheap; inexpensive • (figurative) romantic • (Hong Kong Cantonese) Euphemistic form of 鹹／咸 (haam⁴, “erotic”). 甜 (eumhun 달 첨 (dal cheom)) hanja form of 첨 (“sweet”) Hán-Nôm : điềm 甜
產 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sŋreːnʔ) : abbreviated phonetic 彥 (OC *ŋrans) + semantic 生 (“to be born”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *srjal (“to breed; to bring up”), whence Tibetan སྲེལ (srel, “to bring up; to rear”). \ Schuessler (2007) notes that this word is equally likely to have been Austroasiatic in origin. Compare Khmer សំរាល (sɑmraal, “to give birth”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suánn • Middle-Chinese : sreanX to give birth; to bring forth • to produce (naturally) • to make; to manufacture • produced or manufactured item; product; produce • property; wealth; premises • a surname: Chan 產 (eumhun 낳을 산 (na'eul san)) Alternative form of 産 (“hanja form of 산 (“born”)”) Hán-Nôm : sản 產
甥 From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sriŋ (“sister”), related by Coblin (1986) to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-riŋ ~ s-r(j)aŋ (“to live; to be alive; to give birth; raw; green”). \ Cognate with Tibetan སྲིང་མོ (sring mo), Kinnauri riŋz, Jangshung śiŋ, Chinese 生 (OC *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs, “life, birth”) and 姓 (OC *sleŋs, “family name”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sang¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sing • Middle-Chinese : sraeng sororal niece or sororal nephew • (obsolete) son-in-law ‖ 甥(おい) • (oi) ^(←をひ (wofi)?) ‖ nephew 甥 (eumhun 생질 생 (saengjil saeng)) 甥
甩 This is a late character, and the divergent readings in various topolects may or may not be cognate. \ The Mandarin reading came from 摔 (shuāi, “to fling, to throw, to fall down”), which can be traced to *srut in Old Chinese. It can be compared with Tibetan རུད (rud, “slip, that which has slipped down, falling mass, landslides”), རུད་རུད་པོ (rud rud po, “loosened, disintegrated, rough”). \ The Cantonese reading is probably unrelated, though it may reflect a descendant of the archaic pronunciation *rut and hence be cognate with Mandarin. Either way, it is evidently from the same source as Min Nan 甪 (lut, “to come off, to slip loose”), Zhuang lot (“to come loose and drop off (due to loose tying)”), and Vietnamese lột (“to peel, to strip off”). May be compared with Tibetan ལོད་པོ (lod po, “relaxed, careless”), ལྷོད་པོ (lhod po, “relaxed, loose, lax”), and the Chinese word family of 兌 (*lot, > 脫 (“to come off”), 蛻 (“exuviae”)). Unlikely to be related to 落 (luò, “to fall, to drop off”). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄞˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiù • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sut ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : lak¹ (Mandarin, Hokkien, Wu) to toss; to throw; to fling • (Mandarin) to throw away; to discard • (Mandarin) to brush off; to abandon • (Mandarin) to swing • (dialectal Mandarin) to take off; to remove • (dialectal Mandarin) to heed; to take notice of • (dialectal Mandarin, of insects, zoology, etc.) to lay (eggs) • (Beijing Mandarin) to play (cards) • (Beijing Mandarin) Short for 甩賣／甩卖 (shuǎimài, “to sell at cheap prices”). • (Beijing Mandarin) to scold • (Sichuanese) perturbed; uneasy • (Cantonese) to come loose; to come off • (Cantonese) to escape from • (Cantonese) to fail to follow • (Cantonese) to sense by touch • (dialectal Cantonese) to fall down • (Wu) to strike; to box (about the ears) • (Wu) to shake off; to escape • (Wu) to wave; to rock • (Hokkien) to sprinkle; to spray • (Hokkien, vulgar) to heed; to pay attention to ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 㪐 (lak¹) (Used in 甩咳.) Hán-Nôm : soải • Hán-Nôm : súy • Hán-Nôm : suý 甩
甫 In oracle bone script, ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 屮 (“vegetation”) + 田 (“field”) – garden, original form of 圃. \ In bronze inscriptions, the components 屮 and 田 corrupted into 父 and 用 respectively. 父 (OC *paʔ, *baʔ) became a sound component, \ making the character phono-semantic (形聲／形声, OC *paʔ) . \ In the modern form the components have merged into a single shape. \ Probably cognate with 父 (OC *paʔ, “father”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Sino-Tibetan. Cognate with 方 (OC *paŋ, “just now”) (Pulleybank, 1962). Also compare Tibeto-Burman words for “to begin”: Proto-Kuki-Chin *pran, Jingpho hpang, Phom baŋ⁵⁵, Bahing preŋ. ‖ Sino-Tibetan. Endoactive of a root *PA(ʔ) (Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with 佈 (OC *paːs, “to spread; to display; to announce”), 博 (OC *paːɡ, “wide”), 溥 (OC *pʰaːʔ, “vast; wide”), 敷 (OC *pʰa, “to lay out; to apply”), 鋪 (OC *pʰa, *pʰaː, “to spread”) (Schuessler, 2007). Also compare Proto-Kuki-Chin *phaʔ (“to spread; to stretch”). ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hú • Middle-Chinese : pjuX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hú • Middle-Chinese : pjuX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hú • Middle-Chinese : pjuX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄨˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pou² ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : pou³ ‖ (literary, honorific) A term of address for a man, usually as a suffix placed after a man's courtesy name. • (honorific) courtesy name of a man • a surname ‖ to begin • (literary or Hong Kong) just; just now ‖ great ‖ Alternative form of 圃 (pǔ) ‖ Used in place names. ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 鋪／铺 (“ten Chinese miles”) ‖ (Teochew) to fuck; to have sexual intercourse with ‖ 甫(はじめ) • (Hajime) for the first time; not until ‖ a male given name 甫 • (bo) · 甫 • (bo) (hangeul 보, revised bo, McCune–Reischauer po, Yale po) Hán-Nôm : phủ • Hán-Nôm : bo • Hán-Nôm : bô • Hán-Nôm : bố 甫
甸 Characters in the same phonetic series (田) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'iːŋs) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 田 (OC *l'iːŋ, “field”). \ Exopassive of 田 (OC *l'iːŋ, “field”), literally "what is being/has been cultivated" (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (田) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'iːŋs) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 田 (OC *l'iːŋ, “field”). \ Exopassive of 田 (OC *l'iːŋ, “field”), literally "what is being/has been cultivated" (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (田) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'iːŋs) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 田 (OC *l'iːŋ, “field”). \ Exopassive of 田 (OC *l'iːŋ, “field”), literally "what is being/has been cultivated" (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (田) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'iːŋs) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 田 (OC *l'iːŋ, “field”). \ Exopassive of 田 (OC *l'iːŋ, “field”), literally "what is being/has been cultivated" (Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : din⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tián • Middle-Chinese : denH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : din¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tin⁴ (literary) suburbs of the capital • (literary) field; open country; used in place names, chiefly in Yunnan and North-Eastern China • (obsolete) to govern • (obsolete) crops ‖ (chiefly Cantonese) Used in transcription. ‖ Only used in 沉甸甸 (chéndiàndiàn). ‖ to hunt (wild animals) 甸 • (jeon, seung) · 甸 • (jeon, seung) (hangeul 전, 승) Hán-Nôm : điện • Hán-Nôm : điền 甸
畝 Originally written as 畮, a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mɯʔ) : semantic 田 (“field”) + phonetic 每 (OC *mɯːʔ). The phonetic component 每 was later replaced with 又, now written as the new phonetic component 久 (OC *kʷlɯʔ). The component 十 was added above 田 in the Warring States period and was later corrupted into 亠 in clerical script. \ Possibly Sino-Tibetan. Compare Tibetan རྨོ (rmo), རྨོས (rmos, “to plow”), རྨོད (rmod, “plowing”), རྨོན་པ (rmon pa, “plow-ox”), Karbi [Term?] (-mò, “classifier for strips of fields”) (Bodman, 1980; Baxter, 1992; Schuessler, 2007). \ Schuessler (2007) also suggests a connection to an Austroasiatic root, whence Old Khmer cval (“to enter; to penetrate; (of animals) to copulate”), Khmu [script needed] (cmɔɔl, “to plant (rice) with a digging stick”), [script needed] (crmɔɔl, “digging stick”) (cf. Ferlus, 1987). The semantic development would be “digging stick” > “plowing” > “mu”. He also connects this to 牡 (OC *mɯwʔ, “male animal”); see there for more. Cantonese · Jyutping : mau⁵ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄨˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bóo • Middle-Chinese : muwX mu (a Chinese measuring unit currently equivalent to 666 and 2/3 meters squared in Mainland China) • (Classical) cropland ‖ 畝(ほ) • (ho) ‖ mu (Chinese unit of surface area) 畝 (eumhun 이랑 무 (irang mu)) · 畝 (eumhun 이랑 묘 (irang myo)) hanja form of 무/묘 (“mu (Chinese unit of surface area)”) Hán-Nôm : mẩu • Hán-Nôm : mẫu 畝
畢 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 田 (“field”) + 𠦒 (“net”) – a net used for hunting in the field. Compare with 單 Cantonese · Jyutping : bat¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pit • Middle-Chinese : pjit (obsolete) a long-handled small net for catching birds or rabbits • (～宿) (Chinese astronomy) Net (one of Twenty-Eight Mansions) • (obsolete) to catch (birds or rabbits) using such a net • (literary) the whole of; all; together • to end; to finish • a surname 畢 • (pil) · 畢 • (pil) (hangeul 필, revised pil, McCune–Reischauer p'il, Yale phil) Hán-Nôm : tất 畢
畫 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 聿 (“pen brush”) + 画 (“a field (田) enclosed on four sides”). Meaning of "field boundaries recorded with a brush". ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 聿 (“pen brush”) + 画 (“a field (田) enclosed on four sides”). Meaning of "field boundaries recorded with a brush". Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uě • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ue̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uāi • Middle-Chinese : hweak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄚˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄚˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uě • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huā • Middle-Chinese : hweaH to write; to draw; to paint • to divide by a line • Alternative form of 劃／划 (“to devise”) • stroke of Chinese character ‖ drawing; painting; picture (Classifier: 幅 m c mn; 張／张 m) • decorated with paintings ‖ Kyūjitai form of 画 (picture) ‖ 畫 (eumhun 그림 화 (geurim hwa)) ‖ 畫 (eumhun 그을 획 (geueul hoek)) hanja form of 화 (“picture; drawing; painting”) ‖ Alternative form of 劃 (“hanja form of 획 (“to draw a line; to mark”)”) Hán-Nôm : họa • Hán-Nôm : hoạ • Hán-Nôm : hoạch • Hán-Nôm : vạch • Hán-Nôm : vệt • Hán-Nôm : dạch • Hán-Nôm : vệch 畫
當 Characters in the same phonetic series (尚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taːŋ, *taːŋs) : phonetic 尚 (OC *djaŋ, *djaŋs) + semantic 田 (“field”) – fields facing each other. \ 當 (OC *taːŋs, “right; suitable; ought to”) (pronunciation 2) is the exopassive derivation of 當 (OC *taːŋ, “to have the value of; to be equal of; to face; vis-à-vis”) (pronunciation 1), literally "what is being matched". \ 黨 (OC *taːŋʔ, “class; party”) is the endoactive derivation of 當 (OC *taːŋ, “to be equal of”), literally "that which is equal in rank" (Schuessler, 2007). \ Perhaps cognate with Tibetan དང (dang, “(together) with; and”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (尚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taːŋ, *taːŋs) : phonetic 尚 (OC *djaŋ, *djaŋs) + semantic 田 (“field”) – fields facing each other. \ 當 (OC *taːŋs, “right; suitable; ought to”) (pronunciation 2) is the exopassive derivation of 當 (OC *taːŋ, “to have the value of; to be equal of; to face; vis-à-vis”) (pronunciation 1), literally "what is being matched". \ 黨 (OC *taːŋʔ, “class; party”) is the endoactive derivation of 當 (OC *taːŋ, “to be equal of”), literally "that which is equal in rank" (Schuessler, 2007). \ Perhaps cognate with Tibetan དང (dang, “(together) with; and”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ 擋 (OC *taːŋʔ, *taːŋs, “to block; to obstruct”) is a derivative and was originally also written as 當 (Wang, 1982). ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : dong¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tong • Middle-Chinese : tang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dong³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǹg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tàng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tòng • Middle-Chinese : tangH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dong¹ • Middle-Chinese : tangH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤˇ • Middle-Chinese : tangH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄉㄤ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tong to face; to turn towards • to bear; to withstand; to resist • to undertake; to manage; to take charge of • to work as; to serve as • to match equally; to equal; to be equal to • just at the time of; just happen (to be at a certain moment) • just at (a place); at or in the very same • to meet; to happen to • (literary) still; to be • to regard something/someone as; to think; to treat something/someone as • (literary) to make a judgement; to sentence • ought; should • gap; space; break • a surname ‖ to match; to be equal to • (obsolete) to lead; to manage • proper; suitable; adequate; fitting; appropriate • to regard as; to consider as; to treat as • to think • to pawn; to put in pawn • pawn; something pawned • pawnshop (often used in names of pawnshops) • trick; fraud; deception • (Taiwan, slang, of teachers or professors) to fail someone ‖ Alternative form of 擋／挡 (“to block; to obstruct”) ‖ the same (day etc.) ‖ to take sides ‖ Alternative form of 噹／当 (“clang; clank; ding-dong”) ‖ A meaningless suffix. ‖ (Southern Min) at the time; right now; just happen Kyūjitai form of 当 當 (eumhun 마땅할 당 (mattanghal dang)) hanja form of 당 (“appropriate”) Hán-Nôm : đương • Hán-Nôm : đáng • Hán-Nôm : đang chữ Hán form of đang (“currently; just; now”). 當
畸 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kî • Middle-Chinese : kje 畸 • (gi) · 畸 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki) 畸
疆 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaŋ) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 彊 (OC *kaŋs, *ɡaŋ, *ɡaŋʔ). \ Variant or allofam of 境 (OC *kraŋʔ, “boundary”) (Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : goeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiang • Middle-Chinese : kjang boundary; border; frontier • territory • limit; bound • (Hsinchu and Magong Hokkien) very big bowl • Short for 新疆 (Xīnjiāng). • a surname boundary 疆 • (gang) · 疆 • (gang) (hangeul 강, revised gang, McCune–Reischauer kang, Yale kang) Hán-Nôm : cưng • Hán-Nôm : câng • Hán-Nôm : cương 疆
疙 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Middle-Chinese : ngj+t ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜ ^‡ dull-minded ‖ Used in compounds. 疙 • (heul) · 疙 • (heul) (hangeul 흘, revised heul, McCune–Reischauer hŭl, Yale hul) Hán-Nôm : ngật • Hán-Nôm : ngất 疙
疚 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiù • Middle-Chinese : kjuwH ‖ chronic disease; chronic illness • guilt; sorrow ‖ (Cantonese, dated in Standard Cantonese) tired 疚 • (gu) · 疚 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu) 疚
疤 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *praː) : semantic 疒 + phonetic 巴 (OC *praː). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pa scar; cicatrix (Classifier: 道 m; 條／条 m c) • mark (on a tool or implement) (Classifier: 道 m; 條／条 m c) 疤 • (pa) · 疤 • (pa) (hangeul 파, revised pa, McCune–Reischauer p'a, Yale pha) Hán-Nôm : ba 疤
疹 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : can² • Cantonese · Jyutping : zan² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsín • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hm̂ • Middle-Chinese : tsyinX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄣˋ measles; rash ‖ Alternative form of 疢 (chèn, “fever; sickness; disease”) 疹 • (jin) · 疹 • (jin) (hangeul 진, revised jin, McCune–Reischauer chin, Yale cin) Hán-Nôm : chẩn 疹
疼 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *dɯːŋ, *duːŋ) : semantic 疒 (“sickness”) + phonetic 冬 (OC *tuːŋ). \ Wang (1982) suggests that it is cognate with 痛 (OC *l̥ʰoːŋs, “painful”). \ Coblin (1986) derives it from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gdəngw (“pain; hurt”), comparing it to Tibetan གདུང་བ (gdung ba, “to feel pain”) and keeping it separate from the word family with 痛. Schuessler (2007) notes that this is a post-classical word. ‖ Unclear. Possibly from 聽 (OC *l̥ʰeːŋs, “to allow > to love”) (Li and Chen, 1991). ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : tang⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tung⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thn̂g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tn̂g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tông • Middle-Chinese : downg ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiànn ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : tung³ painful; aching; sore • to be fond of; to love ‖ (Eastern Min, Southern Min) painful; aching; sore • (Eastern Min, Southern Min) to love; to cherish ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 痛 (“painful; aching; sore; to be fond of; to love”) 疼 • (dong) · 疼 • (dong) (hangeul 동, revised dong, McCune–Reischauer tong, Yale tong) Hán-Nôm : đông • Hán-Nôm : đầng • Hán-Nôm : thấng • Hán-Nôm : thầng • Hán-Nôm : thậng • Hán-Nôm : đậng 疼
痊 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun⁴ • Middle-Chinese : tshjwen to recover (from illness) 痊 • (jeon) · 痊 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen) 痊
痰 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'aːm) : semantic 疒 (“illness”) + phonetic 炎 (OC *ɦlam). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thâm • Middle-Chinese : dam phlegm; sputum (Classifier: 口 m; 篤／笃 c; 啖 c) ‖ 痰(たん) • (tan) phlegm; sputum ‖ phlegm 痰 • (dam) · 痰 • (dam) (hangeul 담, revised dam, McCune–Reischauer tam, Yale tam) 痰
瘍 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *laŋ) : semantic 疒 (“illness”) + phonetic 昜 (OC *laŋ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iûnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : i̍k • Middle-Chinese : yang sore; ulcer; carbuncle • to ulcerate; to fester swelling • boil • tumor 瘍 • (yang) · 瘍 • (yang) (hangeul 양, revised yang, McCune–Reischauer yang, Yale yang) 瘍
瘟 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : un epidemic; plague; pestilence contagious disease 瘟 • (on) · 瘟 • (on) (hangeul 온, revised on, McCune–Reischauer on, Yale on) Hán-Nôm : ôn 瘟
瘤 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *m·ru, *m·rus) : semantic 疒 (“illness”) + phonetic 留 (OC *m·ru, *m·rus). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau⁴⁻² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liû • Middle-Chinese : ljuw • Middle-Chinese : ljuwH tumor (Classifier: 個／个 c) • (regional) bump; swelling; bruise (Classifier: 個／个 c) bump • swelling or tumor 瘤 • (ryu>yu) · 瘤 • (ryu>yu) (hangeul 류>유, revised ryu>yu, McCune–Reischauer ryu>yu, Yale lyu>yu) Hán-Nôm : lựu 瘤
瘦 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *srus) : semantic 疒 + phonetic 叟 (OC *suːʔ). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄡˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sòo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : só • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sóo • Middle-Chinese : srjuwH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : sán (of a person or animal) thin; slender; skinny • (of meat) lean • to lose weight; to become thin ‖ (Southern Min) Alternative form of 㾪 Kyūjitai form of 痩 (to become thin; to lose weight) 瘦 • (su) · 瘦 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu) thin • emaciated • lean • meager Hán-Nôm : sấu • Hán-Nôm : xấu 瘦
瘩 Considered a 後起字／后起字 (hòuqǐzì). Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 疒 (“illness”) + phonetic 荅 (dá). ‖ Considered a 後起字／后起字 (hòuqǐzì). Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 疒 (“illness”) + phonetic 荅 (dá). Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄉㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : daap³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : daat⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tap • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tah ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄚˊ Only used in 疙瘩 (gēda), etc. ‖ Only used in 瘩背. Hán-Nôm : đáp 瘩
瘸 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷal) : semantic 疒 (“sickness”) + phonetic 加 (OC *kraːl) + semantic 肉 (“flesh”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ke⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : koe⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khêr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiô • Middle-Chinese : gjwa lame; crippled Hán-Nôm : qua • Hán-Nôm : cài 瘸
療 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rews) : semantic 疒 (“disease”) + phonetic 尞 (). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : liu⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : liu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâu • Middle-Chinese : ljewH to treat; to cure; to heal • therapy; treatment heal • cure 療 (eumhun 고칠 료 (gochil ryo), word-initial (South Korea) 고칠 요 (gochil yo)) hanja form of 료/요 (“heal; cure”) Hán-Nôm : liệu 療
癌 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 疒 + phonetic 嵒 (OC *ŋrɯːm, *ŋjab); 嵒／岩 (yán) is a variant of 岩 (yán). \ From 岩 (yán, “cliff; rock, stone”), since some cancers present as lumps or outgrowths on the body. \ In Mandarin, this character used to be pronounced identically as 岩 (yán). Its pronunciation was changed to ái in December 1962 to avoid the homophony between 癌 (yán, “cancer”) and 炎 (yán, “inflammation”) (compare 肺炎 (fèiyán, “pneumonia”) and 肺癌 (fèi'ái, “lung cancer”)). The new pronunciation ái stems from dialectal pronunciations of 岩 (“rock; cliff”) /ŋai/, influenced by 崖 (yá, yái, “cliff”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gâm cancer; carcinoma ‖ 癌(がん) or 癌(ガン) • (gan) cancer ‖ (medicine, oncology, pathology) cancer • (figurative) cancer 癌 (eumhun 암 암 (am am)) hanja form of 암 (“cancer”) canonical : 癌: Hán Việt readings: nham 癌: Nôm readings: nham chữ Hán form of nham (“cancer, mainly in compounds”). 癌
癖 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰeɡ, *pʰeːɡ) : semantic 疒 + phonetic 辟 (OC *peɡ, *pʰeɡ, *beɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰeɡ, *pʰeːɡ) : semantic 疒 + phonetic 辟 (OC *peɡ, *pʰeɡ, *beɡ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiak • Middle-Chinese : phjiek • Middle-Chinese : phek ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : phia̍h craving; disposition; addiction; habit; weakness for • (Hokkien) temperament; attitude; disposition • (traditional Chinese medicine) Alternative form of 痞 (pǐ, “lump in the abdomen; splenomegaly; indigestion”) ‖ (Hokkien) measles • (Mainland China Hokkien) rash (in general) ‖ 癖(くせ) • (kuse) ^(←くせ (kuse)?) ‖ 癖(へき) • (heki) ^(←へき (feki)?) habit; tendency ‖ habit; tendency • unusual trait; peculiarity • a bend or distortion that cannot be easily straightened or flattened · kink; curl (in hair) • a bend or distortion that cannot be easily straightened or flattened · crease (in clothing) ‖ habit; tendency 癖 (eumhun 버릇 벽 (beoreut byeok)) hanja form of 벽 (“habit”) 癖
發 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pad) : semantic 弓 (“bow”) + phonetic 癹 (OC *pʰaːd, *baːd). \ STEDT compares 發 (OC *pad) to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-p(r)ats (“to vomit”), whence Proto-Lolo-Burmese *C-pat (“to vomit”) (> Burmese ပစ် (pac, “to shoot, to throw, to eject”)) and Jingpho ǹ-phàt (“to vomit”). \ According to Schuessler (2007), this is an area word; compare Proto-Vietic *ɓah (“to vomit”), Mon ပန် (“to shoot”). \ A derivation is probably 廢 (OC *pads, “to cast aside”). ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄚ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hua̍t • Middle-Chinese : pjot ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : but³ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : faak³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : faak⁶ to shoot; to launch • to issue · to distribute • to issue · to ship; to send for delivery • to issue · to post; to send message • to issue · to publish • to issue · to emit • to issue · to escape • to issue · (chiefly of plants or plant parts) to grow out; (of flowers) to blossom • to issue · (Hokkien) to grow out (teeth, etc.) • to issue • to depart; to leave • to dispatch • to expand; to extend; to spread · to rise; to emerge • to expand; to extend; to spread · (colloquial) to gain wealth; to become rich; to make a fortune • to expand; to extend; to spread · (of food) to rise, expand, or become porous, especially as a result of leavening • to expand; to extend; to spread · (of food) to rise, expand, or become porous, especially as a result of leavening · (Mainland China Hokkien) to become fluffy and large or bloom like a flower due to leavening • to expand; to extend; to spread • to initiate; to give start to • to generate; to produce • to become; to get into a certain state • ^⁜ to open; to remove what seals, blocks, or shuts • to make manifest; to express; to act out • (figurative, of the mind) to make clear; to enlighten; to open up; to stimulate • Classifier for ammunition. • (slang) Classifier for ejaculation. • (Hokkien) to show effect; to break out • (Mainland China Hokkien) to go bad; to deteriorate; to become rotten • (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to have quicklime react by mixing with water • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) stirred with water and squeezed repeatedly becoming dense and flexible (of flour, earth, etc.) ‖ bent; crooked • Used in 發發／发发 (bōbō, “numerous; sound of strong wind or fish jumping”). ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 𢪎 (“to whip; to whisk”) Kyūjitai form of 発 發 (eumhun 필 발 (pil bal)) hanja form of 발 (“to shoot; to emit; to discharge”) [affix] • hanja form of 발 (“departing from; originating from”) [suffix] Hán-Nôm : phát • Hán-Nôm : phắt • Hán-Nôm : phết 發
皂 Variant form of 皁／皂 (zào), in turn a variant form of 早 retaining its original sense (see there for more). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zou⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsǒo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsō • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsǒ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsô black • Short for 皂斗 (“acorn”). • Short for 皂莢／皂荚 (zàojiá, “Chinese honey locust (Gleditsia sinensis)”). • soap • yamen runner canonical : 皂: Hán Việt readings: tạo • canonical : sàu • canonical : sạu • canonical : tạu • canonical : sạo 皂
皓 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡuːʔ) : semantic 白 (“white”) + phonetic 告 (OC *kuːɡs, *kuːɡ). \ Compare Proto-Tai *xaːwᴬ (“white”) (whence Zhuang hau and Thai ขาว (kǎao)) and Proto-Hlai *kʰaːw (“white”) (Matisoff, 1988). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hō • Middle-Chinese : hawX bright white; luminous white; shimmering white (e.g. of the moon, or of a beautiful woman) • white-haired; hoary • (～日) (telegraphy) the nineteenth day of a month • a surname • Alternative form of 昊 (hào, “vast (of the sky)”) 皓 • (ho) · 皓 • (ho) (hangeul 호, revised ho, McCune–Reischauer ho, Yale ho) 皓
皖 This term (Wǎn) is used to refer to the Anhui province of eastern China because there were historically a State of Wan, a Mount Wan, and a Wan River in the province. ‖ This term (Wǎn) is used to refer to the Anhui province of eastern China because there were historically a State of Wan, a Mount Wan, and a Wan River in the province. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wun⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wun² ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄢˋ • Middle-Chinese : hwaenX Alternative name for 安徽 (Ānhuī, “Anhui province”). ‖ bright; bright star Venus (Astronomy) 皖 • (hwan) · 皖 • (hwan) (hangeul 환, revised hwan, McCune–Reischauer hwan, Yale hwan) Hán-Nôm : hoản 皖
盈 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 夃 (“exceed/augment”) + 皿 (“vessel”) – to add too much (liquid) to a vessel. \ Compare Proto-Tibeto-Burman *(p/b)liŋ (“full; fill”), whence Chepang ब्लीङ्सा (bliŋ‑, “to be full; fill”), Burmese ပြည့် (prany., “to be full”), Burmese ဖြည့် (hprany., “to add”) (Schuessler, 2007, STEDT). An allofam is perhaps 孕 (OC *lɯŋs, “pregnant”), as well as 填 (OC *diːn, *diːns, *tin, *tins, “to fill up”) (Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jing⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iânn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : innh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : îng • Middle-Chinese : yeng to fill; to be full of; to be filled with • to have a surplus; to have excess • (of a person's body, or handwriting) well-developed; full-grown; shapely; curvaceous; plump • (obsolete) vigorous; exuberant • (literary) to reach • (literary) to increase • (obsolete) proud; arrogant • a surname ‖ 盈(えい) • (ei) fill • surplus ‖ to be full; to be filled; (of moon) to wax 盈 • (yeong) · 盈 • (yeong) (hangeul 영, revised yeong, McCune–Reischauer yŏng, Yale yeng) Hán-Nôm : dềnh • Hán-Nôm : doanh • Hán-Nôm : giềng • Hán-Nôm : diềng • Hán-Nôm : riêng 盈
盒 From 合 (OC *ɡuːb, “to be together; to close”) (Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ha̍p • Hokkien · Tai-lo : a̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : a̍p • Middle-Chinese : hop box; case (generally small, with a lid) (Classifier: 個／个 c) • Classifier for boxes or cases. 盒 • (hap) · 盒 • (hap) (hangeul 합, revised hap, McCune–Reischauer hap, Yale hap) canonical : 盒: Hán Việt readings: hạp 盒: Nôm readings: hạp • canonical : hộp • canonical : ộp • canonical : thạp chữ Hán form of hạp (“box, container”). • Nôm form of hộp (“box”). 盒
盔 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwai¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khue • Middle-Chinese : khwoj helmet • bowl; basin helmet • bowl; basin 盔 • (hoe) · 盔 • (hoe) (hangeul 회, revised hoe, McCune–Reischauer hoe, Yale hoy) Hán-Nôm : khôi 盔
盜 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 㳄 (“spitting man”) + 皿 (“dish”) – a man spitting into a dish, an oath among thieves. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dou⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tō • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tōo • Middle-Chinese : dawH (transitive) to steal • ^⁜ illegally • ^⁜ thief; robber 盜 (eumhun 도둑 도 (doduk do)) hanja form of 도 (“thief”) Hán-Nôm : đạo 盜
盡 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 聿 (“hand holding a brush”) + 灬 (“bristles”) + 皿 (“dish”) – cleaning a dish with a brush – empty. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dzin (“to exhaust; to come to an end”). Cognate with Tibetan ཟིན (zin, “to be finished; to draw near an end”). Cantonese · Jyutping : zeon⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄣˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsīn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsǐn • Middle-Chinese : dzinX to end; to finish; to be exhausted • to reach the end • to exhaust; to use to the fullest extent • to die • all; completely; entirely exhaust, use up 盡 • (jin) · 盡 • (jin) (hangeul 진) exhaust, use up • deplete Hán-Nôm : tận • Hán-Nôm : hết 盡
盯 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rteŋʔ, *rdeŋ) : semantic 目 (“eye”) + phonetic 丁 (OC *rteːŋ, *teːŋ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ding¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : deng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tìng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ting • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tàn • Middle-Chinese : draeng • Middle-Chinese : traengX to gaze upon; to keep eyes on; to stare at to stare, to fix one's eyes on Hán-Nôm : đinh 盯
盹 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tuːnʔ, *tjuns) : semantic 目 (“eye”) + phonetic 屯 (OC *duːn, *tun) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tuːnʔ, *tjuns) : semantic 目 (“eye”) + phonetic 屯 (OC *duːn, *tun) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : deon⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeon³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tùn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuh • Middle-Chinese : tsywinH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄣ doze; nap; nod ‖ Alternative form of 𥇜 盹 • (sun) · 盹 • (sun) (hangeul 순, revised sun, McCune–Reischauer sun, Yale swun) 盹
盼 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰrɯːns) : semantic 目 + phonetic 分 (OC *pɯn, *bɯns). Cantonese · Jyutping : paan³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phàn • Middle-Chinese : pheanH (archaic, of the eyes) with pupils and whites clearly separated; clear and bright • to look; to see • to hope for; to long for; to expect; to look forward to look • gaze • expect • hope for 盼 • (ban) · 盼 • (ban) (hangeul 반) look • gaze • expect • hope for Hán-Nôm : phán 盼
眨 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaam² • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaap³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsap • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsha̍p • Middle-Chinese : tsreap to blink; to wink • (Hakka) to close one's eyes wink 眨 • (jap) · 眨 • (jap) (hangeul 잡, revised jap, McCune–Reischauer chap, Yale cap) wink 眨
眶 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄤˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwaang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hong¹ • Middle-Chinese : khjwang eye socket, cranial orbit • rim of the eye; skin around the eyes 眶
眷 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *krons) : phonetic 龹 () + semantic 目 (“eye”). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gyun³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuàn • Middle-Chinese : kjwenH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄢˋ relatives ‖ (literary) take interest in; care for 眷 (eum 권 (gwon)) Hán-Nôm : quyến • Hán-Nôm : quấn • Hán-Nôm : cuốn • Hán-Nôm : quẹn 眷
眺 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰeːws) : semantic 目 (“eye”) + phonetic 兆 (OC *l'ewʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tiu³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiàu • Middle-Chinese : thewH to cast sidelong glances • (alt. form 覜／眺) to gaze afar; to look from a distance See also: 眺望 • to look at; to gaze • (archaic, Buddhism) to examine; to investigate • ^‡ to avoid to look at; to gaze 眺 (eumhun 바라볼 조 (barabol jo)) hanja form of 조 (“to look at; to gaze”) Hán-Nôm : thiếu 眺
睛 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleŋʔ) : semantic 目 + phonetic 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleŋʔ) : semantic 目 + phonetic 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleŋʔ) : semantic 目 + phonetic 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ). Cantonese · Jyutping : zing¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsing • Middle-Chinese : tsjeng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cing² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshíng • Middle-Chinese : tshjengX ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshíng eyeball • pupil of eye ‖ (literary) Only used in 眳睛. ‖ (Hokkien) Only used in 覷睛／觑睛. 睛 (eumhun 눈동자 정 (nundongja jeong)) hanja form of 정 (“pupil”) 睛
睫 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔseb) : semantic 目 (“eye”) + phonetic 疌 (OC *zeb) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zit⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zip³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zit³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiap • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tseeh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tseh • Middle-Chinese : tsjep eyelash eyelashes 睫 • (cheop) · 睫 • (cheop) (hangeul 첩, revised cheop, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏp, Yale chep) Hán-Nôm : tiệp 睫
睬 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰɯːʔ) : semantic 目 (“eye”) + phonetic 采 (OC *sʰɯːʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄞˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshái to notice, to pay attention to; to heed 睬 • (chae) · 睬 • (chae) (hangeul 채) Hán-Nôm : thải • Hán-Nôm : thái 睬
睹 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taːʔ) : semantic 目 + phonetic 者 (OC *tjaːʔ). \ Proposed to be cognate with Tibetan ལྟ (lta, “to look at, to see”) (LaPolla, 1994), which is derived from Proto-Bodic *l-ta-s/t (“to see, to look”) (STEDT). It has also been connected with Proto-Tai *p.taːᴬ (“eye”) (Unger, 1990). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dou² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tóo • Middle-Chinese : tuX to see; to look at • to observe; to witness • a surname 睹 • (do) · 睹 • (do) (hangeul 도, revised do, McCune–Reischauer to, Yale to) Hán-Nôm : đổ • Hán-Nôm : đủ 睹
瞄 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 目 (“eye”) + phonetic 苗 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : miu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : biâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : biô to aim; to take aim at • to set sight on • to peek at; to glance at • (Cantonese) to target at Hán-Nôm : miểu • Hán-Nôm : miêu 瞄
瞎 Cantonese · Jyutping : hat⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khueh • Middle-Chinese : xaet to be blind • at random; aimlessly • (colloquial) to fail • (dialectal) to become tangled • (dialectal Mandarin, including Dungan) bad • (Wu) very; extremely 瞎 (eumhun 애꾸눈 할 (aekkunun hal)) Hán-Nôm : hạt • Hán-Nôm : hắt • Hán-Nôm : hặt • Hán-Nôm : hát 瞎
瞧 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 目 (“eye”) + phonetic 焦. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiâu (colloquial) to look; to see; to take a glance at • (colloquial) to diagnose and treat • (colloquial) to visit; to see Hán-Nôm : tiều 瞧
瞪 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dang⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cing⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caang⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tīng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tìnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tènn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshînn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thînn • Middle-Chinese : dreang • Middle-Chinese : dring • Middle-Chinese : dringH to open one's eyes wide • to give a hard look; to glare at 瞪 • (jing) · 瞪 • (jing) (hangeul 징, revised jing, McCune–Reischauer ching, Yale cing) Hán-Nôm : trừng • Hán-Nôm : trưng 瞪
瞻 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjam) : semantic 目 (“eye”) + phonetic 詹 (OC *tjam) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zim¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiam • Middle-Chinese : tsyem to look up or forward • to look with reverence; to look up to • to observe 瞻 • (cheom) · 瞻 • (cheom) (hangeul 첨, revised cheom, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏm, Yale chem) romanization : chiêm 瞻
矗 Triplication of 直 (“straight”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cuk¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zuk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshak • Middle-Chinese : tsrhjuwk • Middle-Chinese : trhjuwk upright; erect; lofty to stand towering over the surroundings 矗 • (chok) · 矗 • (chok) (hangeul 촉, revised chok, McCune–Reischauer ch'ok, Yale chok) 矗
矩 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷaʔ) : semantic 矢 + phonetic 巨 (OC *ɡaʔ). \ ; “(physics) moment” Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geoi² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kí • Middle-Chinese : kjuX ^† carpenter's square • square (shape) • rule; law • (physics) moment • (～州) (historical) Old name for 貴州／贵州 (Guìzhōu, “Guizhou”) during the Yuan dynasty. ‖ 矩(く) • (ku) ‖ 矩(く) • (ku) carpenter's square ‖ carpenter's square • square (shape) • rule; law ‖ (astronomy) quadrature 矩 • (gu) · 矩 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu) Hán-Nôm : củ 矩
矮 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qraːlʔ) : semantic 矢 + phonetic 委 (OC *qrol, *qrolʔ). Cantonese · Jyutping : ai² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ué • Hokkien · Tai-lo : é • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ái • Middle-Chinese : 'eaX (of stature) short • low (of less than normal height) • (Mainland China Hokkien) to fall short (compared to someone else) small, little, dwarf 矮 • (wae) · 矮 • (wae) (hangeul 왜, McCune–Reischauer wae, Yale way) Hán-Nôm : ải 矮
砌 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰiːds) : semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 切 (OC *sn̥ʰiːds, *sn̥ʰiːd). Cantonese · Jyutping : cai³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kih • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gih • Middle-Chinese : tshejH to build by laying bricks or stones • step (in a staircase) • (Cantonese) to assemble • (Cantonese) to beat up; to attack • (Cantonese, figuratively) to beat; to defeat 砌 • (che) · 砌 • (che) (hangeul 체, revised che, McCune–Reischauer ch'e, Yale chey) 砌
砍 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰoːmʔ) : semantic 石 (“rock”) + phonetic 欠 (OC *kʰoms). Cantonese · Jyutping : ham² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khám to hack; to chop; to cut; to fell • to reduce; to weaken • (dialect) to throw in order to hit • Same as 侃 (kǎn) to chat • a surname: Kan Hán-Nôm : khảm 砍
砰 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ping¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ping⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiang • Middle-Chinese : pheang (onomatopoeia) sound of something striking against something or bursting; bang; thump 砰 • (paeng) · 砰 • (paeng) (hangeul 팽, revised paeng, McCune–Reischauer p'aeng, Yale phayng) 砰
砸 ;“to sew with a sewing machine” ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : zaap³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄚˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsap • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsà ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : zaak⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaak³ (of falling objects) to crush; to smash • to bash; to smash • to break; to destroy • to throw; to toss • (dialectal Mandarin) to sew with a sewing machine • (colloquial) to flop; to fail; to fall through ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 矺 (“to press down on; to weigh down”) Hán-Nôm : táp • Hán-Nôm : tặp 砸
碌 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roːɡ, *roɡ) : semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 彔 (OC *b·roːɡ). ‖ ‖ From Zhuang lwg (“child; diminutive”) (HFC). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : luk¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : luk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lo̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lio̍k • Middle-Chinese : luwk • Middle-Chinese : ljowk ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : li̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lia̍k ‖ busy • common • (ideophonic) having numerous stones ‖ (Hokkien) tired; fatigued; weary; overworked; to become tired (from something) ‖ (Cantonese, Hakka) pomelo ‖ 碌(ろく) • (roku) -na (adnominal 碌(ろく)な (roku na), adverbial 碌(ろく)に (roku ni)) ‖ 碌(ろく) • (roku) satisfactory ‖ Alternative form of 陸 ‖ Alternative form of 陸 碌 (eum 록 (rok), word-initial (South Korea) 녹 (nok)) Hán-Nôm : lộc 碌
碎 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *suːds) : semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 卒 (OC *ʔsuːd, *sʰuːd, *ʔsud). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄟˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuì • Middle-Chinese : swojH shattered; fragmented; shredded • small pieces; bits; fragments • to shatter; to fragment; to shred • talkative • a surname: Sui 碎 (eumhun 부술 쇄 (busul swae)) hanja form of 쇄 (“shred”) canonical : 碎: Hán Việt readings: toái 碎: Nôm readings: tôi • canonical : tui • canonical : toái • canonical : thỏi • canonical : tỏa • canonical : toả • canonical : tủi ‖ romanization : tôi ‖ romanization : tôi ‖ (archaic, historical) slave; domestic servant ‖ (formal in all dialects) I/me (used in formal contexts, regardless of the difference in status between the speakers) 碎
碗 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qoːnʔ) : semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 宛 (OC *qon, *qonʔ). \ From 甌 (OC *qoː, “bowl”) + -n (“nominalizing suffix”) (Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢˇㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uánn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uán • Middle-Chinese : 'wanX bowl (Classifier: 個／个 m c; 隻／只 m c h; 塊／块 mn) • bowl-like object • Classifier for the quantity of a bowl: bowlful ‖ 碗(わん) • (wan) ^(←わん (wan)?) porcelain bowl • teacup ‖ bowl 碗 (eumhun 사발 완 (sabal wan)) hanja form of 완 (“(porcelain) bowl”) Hán-Nôm : oản • Hán-Nôm : uyển (obsolete) bowl 碗
碘 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 石 + phonetic 典 (diǎn). \ Borrowed from English iodine. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : din² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tián (chemistry) iodine 碘 • (jeon) · 碘 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen) 碘
碟 From 疊 (MC dep, “stack”); not used before Yuan dynasty. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄝˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄝˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ti̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tia̍p small plate; small dish • (chiefly Cantonese) plate; dish (of any size) (Classifier: 隻／只 c) • dish (of food) • Classifier for dishes of food: dish; plate • (computing) disc-based data storage device, such as a CD or a DVD (Classifier: 隻／只 c) to tan leather • small dish 碟 • (seol) · 碟 • (seol) (hangeul 설, revised seol, McCune–Reischauer sŏl, Yale sel) Hán-Nôm : điệp • Hán-Nôm : diệp • Hán-Nôm : đĩa 碟
碰 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 石 (“rock”) + phonetic 並. \ Appears in Zihui [Ming dynasty] as 掽, but only attested in literary works since Qing dynasty. Probably a recent colloquial form of 逢 (MC bjowng) (Wang, 1982; Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄥˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phóng to collide; to bump; to knock; to touch • to meet by chance; to bump into; to come across • to test out; to try one's luck • to offend; to provoke • (mahjong) to form a pung ‖ 碰(ポン) • (pon) collide, bump into ‖ (mahjong) a call for a 明刻 (minkō, “open triplet”) from a discarded tile, compare English pung Hán-Nôm : bánh • Hán-Nôm : bính 碰
碳 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 石 (“(chemical nomenclature) non-metal solid”) + 炭 (“charcoal”). Also a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) , with 炭 (tàn) as a phonetic component. \ From 炭 (tàn, “charcoal”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taan³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuànn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thàn (chemistry) carbon • (ecology) carbon emissions (in the context of global warming and climate change) 碳 (eum 탄 (tan)) Hán-Nôm : thán 碳
碾 Alternative form of 輾／辗 (niǎn), using 石 as semantic part instead of 車. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-nja-s ~ *s-njan (“to punish; to oppress; to coerce”) (STEDT). Related to 蹍 (“to trample”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin² • Cantonese · Jyutping : nin⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lián • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lún • Middle-Chinese : nrjenH roller • to grind; to crush 碾 • (nyeon>yeon) · 碾 • (nyeon>yeon) (hangeul 년>연, revised nyeon>yeon, McCune–Reischauer nyŏn>yŏn, Yale nyen>yen) 碾
磅 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰaːŋ, *pʰraːŋ) : semantic 石 (“rock; stone”) + phonetic 旁 (OC *baːŋ). \ Borrowed from English pound. ‖ Borrowed from English point. ‖ ‖ Onomatopoeic. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bong⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bong⁶⁻² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pǒng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄤˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄤˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pông • Middle-Chinese : phang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pōng • Middle-Chinese : phang • Middle-Chinese : phjaeng pound (unit of mass) • to weigh • platform scale; balance • (Cantonese) pressure gauge; manometer ‖ point (unit equal to 1/12 of a pica) ‖ Only used in 磅礴 (pángbó) and 磅磄. ‖ ‖ 磅(ポンド) • (pondo) pound ‖ Rare spelling of ポンド (pondo, “pound”). 磅 • (bang) · 磅 • (bang) (hangeul 방, revised bang, McCune–Reischauer pang, Yale pang) Hán-Nôm : bàng 磅
磊 Triplication of 石 (“stone”). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luí • Middle-Chinese : lwojX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁵ appearance of piles of rocks • to pile up • large; tall ‖ Only used in 磊口. ‖ lots of stones ‖ 磊 • (roe>noe) · 磊 • (roe>noe) (hangeul 뢰>뇌, revised roe>noe, McCune–Reischauer roe>noe, Yale loy>noy) Hán-Nôm : lỗi 磊
磕 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰaːb, *kʰaːd) : semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 盍 (OC *ɡaːb). Cantonese · Jyutping : hap⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ham² • Cantonese · Jyutping : koi³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khap • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kha̍p • Middle-Chinese : khajH • Middle-Chinese : khat • Middle-Chinese : khap to knock sth. against a hard surface; to dash against a stone • to knock an item off another item by hitting them against a hard surface • to kowtow • (dialect, figurative) to fight hit • collide • knock into 磕 • (gae) · 磕 • (gae) (hangeul 개, revised gae, McCune–Reischauer kae, Yale kay) bump • drumbeat Hán-Nôm : khạp 磕
磷 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rin, *rins) : semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 粦 (OC *rins). ‖ ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leon⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîn • Middle-Chinese : lin ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leon⁶ • Middle-Chinese : linH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁴ ignis fatuus • (chemistry) phosphorus • fragment of stone ‖ thin • blemish • stain • unimpeded • mica ‖ stony ‖ Only used in 砰磷. flaked rock • luster 磷 • (rin>in) · 磷 • (rin>in) (hangeul 린>인, revised rin>in, McCune–Reischauer rin>in, Yale lin>in) Hán-Nôm : lân • Hán-Nôm : lấn 磷
祉 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰlɯʔ) : semantic 示 (“sign”) + phonetic 止 (OC *kjɯʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsí • Middle-Chinese : trhiX happiness; blessings; good luck; felicity 祉 • (ji) · 祉 • (ji) (hangeul 지, revised ji, McCune–Reischauer chi, Yale ci) 祉
祕 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 示 (“altar”) + phonetic 必 (OC *pliɡ) – arcane, secret rituals. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei³ • Middle-Chinese : pijH Alternative form of 秘 • a surname secret 祕 • (bi) · 祕 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi, Yale pi) 祕
祟 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sqʰluds) : phonetic 出 (OC *kʰljuds, *kʰljud) + semantic 示 (“altar”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suī • Middle-Chinese : swijH disaster brought by evil spirits • evil spirit; evil influence • to haunt; to cause mischief • sneaky; furtive; secretive 祟 (eum 수 (su)) Hán-Nôm : tụy • Hán-Nôm : tuỵ 祟
祠 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljɯ) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 礻 (“divinity”) + phonetic 司 (OC *slɯ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sîr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sî • Middle-Chinese : zi ancestral temple • (literary) to offer sacrifice • (literary) spring sacrifice ‖ 祠(ほこら) • (hokora) ‖ a small shrine 祠 • (sa) · 祠 • (sa) (hangeul 사, revised sa, McCune–Reischauer sa, Yale sa) Hán-Nôm : từ • Hán-Nôm : thờ • Hán-Nôm : tờ 祠
祿 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roːɡ) : semantic 示 (“spirit”) + phonetic 彔 (OC *b·roːɡ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : luk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lo̍k • Middle-Chinese : luwk blessing; happiness; prosperity • emoluments; official salary 祿 (eumhun 복 록 (bok rok), word-initial (South Korea) 복 녹 (bok nok)) hanja form of 복/록 (“green, official salary”) • hanja form of 복/록 (“blessing, happiness, fortune”) • hanja form of 복/록 (“sacrificial meat”) • hanja form of 복/록 (“pay salary”) • hanja form of 복/록 (“bless”) Hán-Nôm : lộc • Hán-Nôm : lốc • Hán-Nôm : trốc 祿
禪 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djan, *djans) : semantic 示 + phonetic 單 (OC *taːn, *djan, *djanʔ, *djans). \ Pronunciation 1 is short for 禪那, which is a borrowing from Sanskrit ध्यान (dhyāna, “dhyana”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djan, *djans) : semantic 示 + phonetic 單 (OC *taːn, *djan, *djanʔ, *djans). \ Pronunciation 1 is short for 禪那, which is a borrowing from Sanskrit ध्यान (dhyāna, “dhyana”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djan, *djans) : semantic 示 + phonetic 單 (OC *taːn, *djan, *djanʔ, *djans). \ Pronunciation 1 is short for 禪那, which is a borrowing from Sanskrit ध्यान (dhyāna, “dhyana”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sim⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sînn • Middle-Chinese : dzyen ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siān • Middle-Chinese : dzyenH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢˊ (Buddhism) dhyana; deep meditation; contemplation • Buddhist doctrine; Buddhist teachings • relating to Buddhism; Buddhist; thoughtful; philosophical ‖ (obsolete) to offer sacrifices to nature • to abdicate and pass the throne to someone • to succeed; to replace ‖ name of an ancient state dhyana; deep meditation; contemplation 禪 • (seon) · 禪 • (seon) (hangeul 선, revised seon, McCune–Reischauer sŏn, Yale sen) Zen Hán-Nôm : thiền • Hán-Nôm : thiện • Hán-Nôm : thuyền • Hán-Nôm : xèng Dhyana • Zen Buddhism 禪
禮 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *riːʔ) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 礻 (“altar”) + phonetic 豊 (OC *riːʔ, “ceremony”) – performing rites at the altar. \ Originally written 豊, see there for more. \ Uncertain. Schuessler (2007) proposes that this is an old areal etymon. Compare Tibetan ཞེ་ས (zhe sa, “respect, honor, deference”), རྗེ་བོ (rje bo, “lord, nobleman”), རྗེད (rjed, “to honor; reverence”); Mru [script needed] (ri, “ritual”) is possibly borrowed from Austroasiatic (cf. Mon [script needed] (rèh seh, “to respect, to revere”); Thin Khmu [script needed] (rɛh, “to lift up”); both from Proto-Mon-Khmer *reh (“to raise up, to exalt”)). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lé • Middle-Chinese : lejX ritual; rite; ceremony • rules of etiquette; rules of propriety • courtesy; etiquette; manners • present; gift (Classifier: 份 m c) • to treat with respect and courtesy • 48th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "ritual" (𝌵) • a surname Kyūjitai form of 礼 (“propriety; courtesy; politeness; etiquette”) hanja form of 례/예 (“manners; etiquette”) canonical : 禮: Hán Việt readings: lễ 禮: Nôm readings: lễ • canonical : lạy • canonical : lẻ • canonical : lẫy • canonical : rẽ • canonical : rẩy • canonical : lẩy • canonical : lãi • canonical : lể • canonical : lởi • canonical : lỡi • canonical : lấy • canonical : lảy • canonical : rẻ chữ Hán form of lễ (“ritual; etiquette; to kowtow; an offering; ceremony”). • Nôm form of lạy (“to kowtow”). • Nôm form of lẻ (“odd (not divisible by two)”). 禮
禹 The Shuowen interprets the character as pictographic (象形) of an animal. The bronze-script character clearly shows the 虫 component. \ ;insect Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ú • Middle-Chinese : hjuX (Chinese mythology) Yu the Great (the legendary king associated with a flood myth and the foundation of the Xia dynasty) • ^‡ insect ‖ 禹(う) • (U) Name of a Xia Dynasty emperor in ancient China: Emperor Yŭ, Yŭ the Great, or Dà Yŭ. ‖ Yu the Great, legendary founder of the Xia Dynasty in ancient China 禹 • (u) · 禹 • (u) (hangeul 우, revised u, McCune–Reischauer u, Yale wu) (성씨) a surname • (大禹) Yu the Great • (임금) king • (벌레) worm • (곡척) steel square Hán-Nôm : vũ 夏禹 Hạ Vũ 禹
秉 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 禾 (“plant”) + 又 (“hand”) — a hand holding a plant by the stalk. Compare: 兼, a hand holding two plants. \ Cognate with 柄 (OC *praŋʔ, *praŋs, “a handle”), which is exopassive of 秉 (OC *praŋʔ, “to grasp”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bing² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : píng • Middle-Chinese : pjaengX a handful of crops • to grasp; to hold • to preside over • to persist in; to persevere take • cherish • sheaf • unit of volume (10 koku; 1,800 l) 秉 (eum 병 (byeong)) Hán-Nôm : bỉnh • Hán-Nôm : bảnh 秉
秤 Glyphic variant of 稱／称. Cantonese · Jyutping : cing³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ping⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄥˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshìn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshìng • Middle-Chinese : tsyhingH scales (device to measure weight) • to weigh • (Hong Kong) Short for 天秤 (“tower crane”). ‖ 秤(はかり) • (hakari) ‖ scale 秤 • (ching) · 秤 • (ching) (hangeul 칭, revised ching, McCune–Reischauer ch'ing, Yale ching) (저울, jeoul): balance, scale. romanization : xứng • romanization : hấng 秤
秦 In the oracle bone script, an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 午 (“pestle”, the original form of 杵) + 廾 (“two hands”) + two 禾 (“grain”). A form of its bronze inscription containing only one 禾 developed into the subsequent small seal script form in Shuowen. The 午 and 廾 components have fused into 𡗗 in the modern form. Old Chinese *dzin may derive from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-dz(j)a-k/n/t/s (“to eat; food; to feed; rice”), also recorded as *dzaʔ (Schuessler, 2007). \ According to Shuowen Jiezi, the glyph is an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : abbreviated 舂 (“to pound grain”) + 禾 (“grain”) – husked grain. However this would necessitate a phonological shift that is considered unlikely, and furthermore is likely a folk etymology altogether. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄣˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsîn • Middle-Chinese : dzin (～國) State of Qin (in ancient China) • (～朝) Qin dynasty, first imperial dynasty of China • Qin, a general area of central-west China in modern-day Shaanxi and Gansu Provinces • a surname ‖ 秦(しん) • (Shin) ‖ 秦(はた) • (Hata) ‖ 秦(はたしん) • (Hatashin) Qin dynasty ‖ (historical) the Qin dynasty (221-207 BCE), first dynasty of China • (historical) name of various states during the Sixteen Kingdoms period: · 前秦 (Zenshin, “Former Qin”, 351-394 CE) • (historical) name of various states during the Sixteen Kingdoms period: · 後秦 (Kōshin, “Later Qin”, 384-417 CE) • (historical) name of various states during the Sixteen Kingdoms period: · 西秦 (Seishin, “Western Qin”, 385-431 CE) • a surname ‖ a place name • a surname ‖ Synonym of 秦 (Shin, see above) 秦 • (jin) · 秦 • (jin) (hangeul 진, revised jin, McCune–Reischauer chin, Yale cin) Qin Hán-Nôm : tần • Hán-Nôm : thái 秦
秧 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qaŋ, *qaŋʔ) : semantic 禾 (“grain; cereal”) + phonetic 央 (OC *qaŋ). \ Attested relatively late, in the Tang dynasty (Sagart (2011)). \ Haudricourt and Strecker (1991) propose a Hmong-Mien origin, but Sagart (2011) argues that the direction of borrowing should be the other way around. He instead proposes an internal Chinese origin, suggesting that it is a cognate of 英 (OC *qraŋ, “grasses at their growing/flowering stage, before producing seeds”) without a -r- infix. \ Relationship with Tibeto-Burman items is unclear, due to mismatching initials: Tibetan ལྗང་བ (ljang ba, “shoot, sprout”), ལྗང་བུ (ljang bu, “rice seedling”), Lepcha ᰊᰜᰤᰨᰵ (ta-lyong, “young blades of corn, rice”) (Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iang • Middle-Chinese : 'jang • Middle-Chinese : 'jangX rice seedling • sprout; shoot; seedling • vine; stalk • young animal; -ling • (literary) to transplant rice seedlings • (dialectal) to grow; to cultivate; to raise • a surname 秧 • (ang) · 秧 • (ang) (hangeul 앙, revised ang, McCune–Reischauer ang, Yale ang) canonical : 秧: Hán Việt readings: ương • canonical : ưởng 秧: Nôm readings: ương chữ Hán form of ương (“seedling, sprout”). 秧
稍 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄠ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siau • Middle-Chinese : sraewH a little; slightly; rather • siyah (stiffened end of a composite bow) • a surname: Shao 稍 (eum 초 (cho)) Hán-Nôm : sảo • Hán-Nôm : rảo • Hán-Nôm : xao 稍
税 Simplified from 稅 (兌 → 兑). Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 禾 + phonetic 兑 (OC *l'oːds). ‖ 税(ぜい) • (zei) ‖ 税(ちから) • (chikara) tax ‖ tax, duty, customs (money paid to the government) ‖ (historical, archaic) general term for items presented by the people to the state: tribute, taxes 税 • (se, tal) · 税 • (se, tal) (hangeul 세, 탈) 税
稠 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiû • Middle-Chinese : drjuw dense • thick; viscous • (Eastern Min) often, frequently 稠 • (jo, ju) · 稠 • (jo, ju) (hangeul 조, 주, revised jo, ju, McCune–Reischauer cho, chu, Yale co, cwu) Hán-Nôm : trù 稠
稱 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰjɯŋ, *tʰjɯŋs) : semantic 禾 (“rice”) + phonetic 爯 (OC *tʰjɯŋ) – measure rice. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰjɯŋ, *tʰjɯŋs) : semantic 禾 (“rice”) + phonetic 爯 (OC *tʰjɯŋ) – measure rice. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cing¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshing • Middle-Chinese : tsyhing ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄣˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cing³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : can³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshìng • Middle-Chinese : tsyhingH to weigh • to call; to name • to say; to state • to praise; to commend • name; address; appellation; designation • (literary) reputation; repute; standing • to proclaim oneself to be • (literary) to lift; to raise ‖ to match; to fit • balanced; suitable • (Mandarin, colloquial) to have (money or properties) • Alternative form of 秤 (“steelyard”) 稱 • (ching) · 稱 • (ching) (hangeul 칭, revised ching, McCune–Reischauer ch'ing, Yale ching) Hán-Nôm : xưng • Hán-Nôm : xứng 稱
穗 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sɢʷids) : semantic 禾 (“grain”) + phonetic 惠 (OC *ɢʷiːds). \ From Sino-Tibetan; compare Mizo vui (“ear (of grain); to ear”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄟˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huī • Middle-Chinese : zwijH ear of grain • tassel • snuff of a candle • (abbreviation of 穗城) Guangzhou • a surname Kyūjitai form of 穂. 穗 • (su) · 穗 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu) Hán-Nôm : tuệ 穗
穿 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 穴 (“cave”) + 牙 (“tooth”) – to penetrate through, to pass through. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan [Term?]; cognate with Tibetan རྟོལ (rtol, “to bore; to pierce; to perforate”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ From 上 (OC *djaŋʔ, *djaŋs) (Yang, 2016). Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuan • Middle-Chinese : tsyhwen • Middle-Chinese : tsyhwenH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshīng to penetrate; to pierce • to pass through; to cross • to string; to chain • to wear; to put on (clothing); to have (clothing) on • placed after verbs to indicate “thoroughly; completely” ‖ (Min) to wear; to put on (clothing); to have (clothing) on put on (to the feet) • dig • pierce • drill 穿 (eumhun 뚫을 천 (ttureul cheon)) hanja form of 천 (“to put on”) Hán-Nôm : xuyên • Hán-Nôm : xoen 穿
窄 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsraːɡ) : semantic 穴 (“cave; hole”) + phonetic 乍 (OC *zraːɡs) Cantonese · Jyutping : zaak³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄞˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄜˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsik • Middle-Chinese : tsraek narrow; (of rooms, pants, etc.) tight • narrow-minded • (colloquial) badly off; hard up ‖ 窄(さこ) • (Sako) ‖ a surname 窄 • (chak) · 窄 • (chak) (hangeul 착, McCune–Reischauer ch'ak, Yale chak) Hán-Nôm : trách • Hán-Nôm : trậc 窄
窖 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kruːɡs) : semantic 穴 (“hole; cave”) + phonetic 告 (OC *kuːɡs, *kuːɡ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kàu • Middle-Chinese : kaewH pit; cellar • to store in a cellar romanization : diếu • romanization : khéo • romanization : khiếu • romanization : giáo 窖
窗 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 穴 (“hole”) + 囱 (“window”). \ From circumstantial noun prefix *s- + 通 (OC l̥ˤoŋ, “to penetrate”), literally "where light penetrates" (Baxter and Sagart, 2014). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄤ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshong • Middle-Chinese : tsrhaewng window (Classifier: 扇 m; 個／个 c; 隻／只 c) ‖ ‖ 窗 • (chang) · 窗 • (chang) (hangeul 창) Hán-Nôm : song (archaic, literary) window • Short for chấn song (“upright post in a paling or railing”). 窗
窘 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄥˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄣˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kūn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kǔn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khún • Middle-Chinese : gwinX embarrassed • hard-pressed rebuke 窘 (eum 군 (gun)) embarrassed • hard-pressed Hán-Nôm : quẫn 窘
窯 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iô • Middle-Chinese : yew brick kiln; furnace • -ware (specifically, pottery manufactured in a particular place) • coal pit • cave dwelling (common in the Loess Plateau, Northern China); yaodong • (colloquial) brothel; whorehouse • a surname: Yao kiln 窯 • (yo) · 窯 • (yo) (hangeul 요, McCune–Reischauer yo, Yale yo) 窯
竊 The current form likely derives from a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰleːd) : semantic 宀 + phonetic 䊪 (OC *m·raːds, *m·rads, *m·raːd), as attested in the Western Han period. 宀 is later replaced with 穴, and 萬 corrupts into 廿 and 禼. Based on the corrupted form, Shuowen erroneously interprets this character as a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰleːd) : semantic 穴 (“cave; hole”) + semantic 米 (“rice”) + phonetic 廿 (OC *zid) + phonetic 禼 (OC *sed). In the current form, 廿 is omitted and 米 is replaced with 釆. ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sit³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiap • Middle-Chinese : tshet ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshia̍p to steal • thief • to acquire illegitimately; to usurp • secretly; stealthily • (literary, humble) personally ‖ (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) seventy (used with numbers from 71 to 79) to steal (“nusumu” reading) • secret; hushed, quietly (“hisoka” reading) 竊 (eumhun 훔칠 절 (humchil jeol)) hanja form of 절 (“to steal”) Hán-Nôm : thiết 竊
站 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rteːms) : semantic 立 + phonetic 占 (OC *ʔljem, *tjems). A relatively late character – not found in Shuowen; found in Guangyun. \ A Northern Chinese word attested since the 9th-10th centuries. Displaced earlier 立 (OC *rɯb) in most modern northern Chinese varieties. ‖ Generally considered to be a Mongolian influence in the Yuan Dynasty – an abbreviation of 站赤 (zhànchì, “post stations during the Yuan Dynasty”), from Middle Mongol ᠵᠠᠮᠴᠢ (ǰamči, “post station”) (> Mongolian замч (zamč, “guide; cicerone”)), a derivative of Middle Mongol ᠵᠠᠮ (ǰam, “way, path”) (> Mongolian зам (zam)). \ Mongolian ǰam is undoubtedly cognate with Proto-Turkic *jam (“post station”) (> Turkish yam; ~ Russian ям (jam)) with the same meaning; see Yam (route). Also compare Turkish yamçı (“post rider”), Russian ямщи́к (jamščík, “drive, coachman”). \ There is no scholarly consensus regarding the direction of borrowing. Generally it is believed that Turkic jam and Chinese zhàn are loanwords from Mongolian ǰam, however some (e.g. Tuymebayev in Казахско-монгольские лексические параллели) believe the directionality is reversed (i.e. Chinese "to stand > stand > station" → Middle Mongol → Turkic → Russian). Whatever the etymology, what is apparent is that the word jam has been around for a long time and was used by Central Asians to designate a key postal relay station or official. \ In Chinese, this word has been competing with the native equivalent 驛／驿 (yì, “post station”) since its introduction. Mongol-ruled Yuan Dynasty saw a profusion of usages of zhàn, which was deliberately suppressed in the succeeding Ming Dynasty in favour of yì. Both were used in the subsequent Qing Dynasty, with zhàn eventually predominating in the modern times, being used to render the sense of "station" in modern concepts, such as "train station". Other Sinosphere countries show preference variations too: Vietnamese uses 站 (trạm), whereas Japanese and Korean still use 驛 for "station" (Japanese 駅 (えき, eki), Korean 역 (驛, yeok)). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsām • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsǎm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsàn • Middle-Chinese : treamH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsām • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsǎm to stand • to stop; to halt • (figurative) to take a firm stance; to uphold the stand • a surname ‖ post station; relay station • station; stand • Short for 網站／网站 (wǎngzhàn, “website”). 站 • (cham) · 站 • (cham) (hangeul 참) Hán-Nôm : trạm • Hán-Nôm : trậm 站
竣 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰlun) : semantic 立 + phonetic 夋 (OC *sʰlun). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeon³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsùn • Middle-Chinese : tshwin ^⁜ to complete; to finish • to abdicate 竣 • (jun, jeon) · 竣 • (jun, jeon) (hangeul 준, 전, revised jun, jeon, McCune–Reischauer chun, chŏn, Yale cwun, cen) 竣
竭 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kit³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kia̍t • Middle-Chinese : gjot • Middle-Chinese : gjet ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : kia̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khia̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kha̍t to shoulder • to dry up; to drain • to exhaust; to use up ‖ (Hokkien) to be deficient; to be lacking; to be short of • (Mainland China Hokkien) infertile; barren (of land) • (Xiamen Hokkien) stingy; miserly • (Xiamen Hokkien) sluggish; slack (of business) 竭 • (gal, geol) · 竭 • (gal, geol) (hangeul 갈, 걸, revised gal, geol, McCune–Reischauer kal, kŏl, Yale kal, kel) Hán-Nôm : kiệt 竭
竿 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːn) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 干 (OC *kaːn). Cantonese · Jyutping : gon¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄢ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄢㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuann • Middle-Chinese : kan bamboo pole • Classifier for bamboo. • a surname: Gan ‖ 竿(かん) • (-kan) ‖ 竿(かん) • (kan) rod, pole • beam ‖ counter for poles ‖ a pole; a bamboo pole 竿 • (gan) · 竿 • (gan) (hangeul 간, revised gan, McCune–Reischauer kan, Yale kan) Hán-Nôm : can • Hán-Nôm : cần 竿
笙 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sreŋ) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 生 (OC *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mriŋ (“sound; noise; animal cry”); cognate with 鳴 (OC *mreŋ, “to make a sound”), 鈴 (OC *reːŋ, “bell”), Burmese မြည် (mrany, “to make a sound”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sang¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sing • Middle-Chinese : sraeng (music) sheng (a Chinese mouth-blown free reed instrument consisting of vertical pipes) ‖ 笙(しょう) • (shō) ^(←しやう (syau)?) ‖ 笙(そう) • (sō) ^(←さう (sau)?) ‖ a free-reed woodwind musical instrument used in Japanese court music, consisting of a mouthpiece and seventeen pipes, each similar to an organ pipe ‖ (obsolete) a free-reed woodwind musical instrument consisting of a mouthpiece and seventeen pipes, each similar to an organ pipe 笙 • (saeng) · 笙 • (saeng) (hangeul 생, revised saeng, McCune–Reischauer saeng, Yale sayng) Hán-Nôm : sanh 笙
笨 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pɯːnʔ, *bɯːnʔ) : semantic 竹 + phonetic 本 (OC *pɯːnʔ). \ Cognate with Tibetan བླུན (blun, “foolish; stupid; dull”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : ban⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄣˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pūn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pǔn • Middle-Chinese : pwonX • Middle-Chinese : bwonX ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : pan⁵ heavy; cumbersome; strenuous • stupid; foolish; silly; slow-witted • clumsy; awkward • inner part of bamboo ‖ (dialectal Cantonese, Hakka, dated in standard Cantonese) thick 笨 • (bun) · 笨 • (bun) (hangeul 분, revised bun, McCune–Reischauer pun, Yale pun) hanja form of 분 (“mediocre; rough”) Hán-Nôm : bổn • Hán-Nôm : bát 笨
筏 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fat⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hua̍t • Middle-Chinese : bjot • Middle-Chinese : pat raft (made of bamboo or wood) ‖ 筏(いかだ) or 筏(イカダ) • (ikada) ‖ 筏(いかだ) • (Ikada) ‖ raft ‖ a surname 筏 • (beol) · 筏 • (beol) (hangeul 벌) 筏
筐 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hong¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwaang¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khing • Middle-Chinese : khjwang bamboo basket or chest 筐 • (gwang) · 筐 • (gwang) (hangeul 광) (광주리): basket made of bamboo Hán-Nôm : khuông 筐
筷 From 快 (kuài), originally euphemistic for 箸 (zhù), homophonous to 住 (zhù, “to stay; to stop”). See 筷子 (kuàizi) for more. ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄞˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuài ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tīr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǐr chopsticks (Classifier: 雙／双 c) • (Wu) Classifier for an amount of food held with a pair of chopsticks. ‖ (Hokkien, Teochew) Alternative form of 箸 (“chopstick”) chopsticks 筷
箋 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsen annotation; commentary • stationery • letter; correspondence • note; memo ‖ 箋(せん) • (sen) ‖ 箋(ふだ) • (fuda) ‖ a slip of paper • a label made of wood, bamboo, ivory, or paper ‖ Alternative spelling of 札 (“a slip of paper; a label”) 箋 (eumhun 기록할 전 (girokhal jeon)) hanja form of 전 (“record”) Hán-Nôm : tiên 箋
箕 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kɯ) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 其 (OC *kɯ, *ɡɯ). Specialization of 其. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ki • Middle-Chinese : ki winnowing basket (a tool for removing chaff) • dustpan • (～宿) (Chinese astronomy) Winnowing Basket (one of Twenty-Eight Mansions) ‖ 箕(み) • (mi) ‖ 箕(き) • (ki) winnowing ‖ a winnow; a winnowing basket ‖ Chinese "winnowing basket" constellation (one of the 28 mansions) 箕 • (gi) · 箕 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki) Hán-Nôm : kia • Hán-Nôm : kìa • Hán-Nôm : ky • Hán-Nôm : cơ 箕
箭 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔslens) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 前 (OC *zleːn). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsìnn • Middle-Chinese : tsjenH (archery, weaponry) arrow (Classifier: 支 m c mn) • type of bamboo ‖ 箭(や) • (ya) ‖ Alternative spelling of 矢 (“arrow”). 箭 (eumhun 화살 전 (hwasal jeon)) hanja form of 전 (“arrow”) Hán-Nôm : tiến • Hán-Nôm : tiễn • Hán-Nôm : tên chữ Hán Nôm in this term 箭 ‖ ‖ chữ Hán form of tiễn (“arrow”). 箭
篡 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuàn • Middle-Chinese : tsrhwaenH (literary, or in compounds) to seize; to usurp • (literary, or in compounds) to distort; to misrepresent • (literary) to hunt • a surname: Cuan 篡 • (chan) · 篡 • (chan) (hangeul 찬, revised chan, McCune–Reischauer ch'an, Yale chan) 篡
篷 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːŋ) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 逢 (OC *boŋ). \ Variant of 帆 (OC *bom), which has been related to 風 (OC *plum, “wind”) (Karlgren, 1957); if so, it may be from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *buŋ (“wind”) (STEDT). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phâng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hông • Middle-Chinese : buwng awning; covering • sail • (literary) boat 篷 • (bong) · 篷 • (bong) (hangeul 봉, revised bong, McCune–Reischauer pong, Yale pong) 篷
簇 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰoːɡ) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 族 (OC *zoːɡ) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cuk¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zuk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiok • Middle-Chinese : tshuwk to swarm; to crowd together; to cluster; to pile up • cluster; pile; bouquet • Classifier for bunched objects: cluster; bundle; bunch • completely ‖ 簇(ぞく) • (zoku) ‖ 簇(むら) • (mura) ‖ 簇(むら) • (-mura) ‖ cocoon holders ‖ Alternative form of 群 ‖ Alternative form of 群 簇 • (jok) · 簇 • (jok) (hangeul 족, revised jok, McCune–Reischauer chok, Yale cok) Hán-Nôm : thốc • Hán-Nôm : cộp • Hán-Nôm : tậc • Hán-Nôm : thấc • Hán-Nôm : thậc • Hán-Nôm : thộc • Hán-Nôm : thoộc • Hán-Nôm : cốp • Hán-Nôm : cộm • Hán-Nôm : tớc 簇
簧 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hông • Middle-Chinese : hwang reed (of a musical instrument) • spring coil • sweet words flute reed 簧 • (hwang) · 簧 • (hwang) (hangeul 황) reed of woodwind instrument Hán-Nôm : hoàng 簧
簸 Cantonese · Jyutping : bo³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bo² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puà • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puann • Middle-Chinese : paX • Middle-Chinese : paH to winnow • to bump; to jerk; to jolt winnow • fan 簸 • (pa) · 簸 • (pa) (hangeul 파, revised pa, McCune–Reischauer p'a, Yale pha) winnower 簸
籠 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roːŋ, *roːŋʔ, *roŋ) : semantic 𥫗 + phonetic 龍 (OC *b·roŋ, *mroːŋ). \ Attested somewhat late, in Warring States period's texts. \ A Southeast Asian area word (Alves 2015). \ * Per Schuessler 2007, most likely of Austroasiatic origin. Compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *truŋ (“stable, sty, cage”) and *kruŋ (“to confine”) in Shorto 2006, whence Khmer ទ្រុង (trŭng, “cage”), ក្រុង (krŏng, “to confine”), Kuy thrùŋ (“cage”), potentially Vietnamese chuồng (“cage; shed; coop”), and so forth. The Vietnamese may possibly be an early Chinese loan instead (Alves 2018). \ * STEDT reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kruːŋ (“cage”), based on e.g. Garo gring (“cage”), Burmese ချိုင့် (hkyuing.). Schuessler thinks these were also borrowed from Austroasiatic. \ * Other forms include Proto-Tai [Term?], whence Thai กรง (grong, “cage”); and Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kuruŋ, whence Indonesian kurung (“cage”), Tagalog kulong (“caged”). Schuessler believes these are also ultimately from Austroasiatic. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roːŋ, *roːŋʔ, *roŋ) : semantic 𥫗 + phonetic 龍 (OC *b·roŋ, *mroːŋ). \ Attested somewhat late, in Warring States period's texts. \ A Southeast Asian area word (Alves 2015). \ * Per Schuessler 2007, most likely of Austroasiatic origin. Compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *truŋ (“stable, sty, cage”) and *kruŋ (“to confine”) in Shorto 2006, whence Khmer ទ្រុង (trŭng, “cage”), ក្រុង (krŏng, “to confine”), Kuy thrùŋ (“cage”), potentially Vietnamese chuồng (“cage; shed; coop”), and so forth. The Vietnamese may possibly be an early Chinese loan instead (Alves 2018). \ * STEDT reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kruːŋ (“cage”), based on e.g. Garo gring (“cage”), Burmese ချိုင့် (hkyuing.). Schuessler thinks these were also borrowed from Austroasiatic. \ * Other forms include Proto-Tai [Term?], whence Thai กรง (grong, “cage”); and Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kuruŋ, whence Indonesian kurung (“cage”), Tagalog kulong (“caged”). Schuessler believes these are also ultimately from Austroasiatic. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roːŋ, *roːŋʔ, *roŋ) : semantic 𥫗 + phonetic 龍 (OC *b·roŋ, *mroːŋ). \ Attested somewhat late, in Warring States period's texts. \ A Southeast Asian area word (Alves 2015). \ * Per Schuessler 2007, most likely of Austroasiatic origin. Compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *truŋ (“stable, sty, cage”) and *kruŋ (“to confine”) in Shorto 2006, whence Khmer ទ្រុង (trŭng, “cage”), ក្រុង (krŏng, “to confine”), Kuy thrùŋ (“cage”), potentially Vietnamese chuồng (“cage; shed; coop”), and so forth. The Vietnamese may possibly be an early Chinese loan instead (Alves 2018). \ * STEDT reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kruːŋ (“cage”), based on e.g. Garo gring (“cage”), Burmese ချိုင့် (hkyuing.). Schuessler thinks these were also borrowed from Austroasiatic. \ * Other forms include Proto-Tai [Term?], whence Thai กรง (grong, “cage”); and Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kuruŋ, whence Indonesian kurung (“cage”), Tagalog kulong (“caged”). Schuessler believes these are also ultimately from Austroasiatic. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : láng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lâng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lóng • Middle-Chinese : luwng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lung⁴ • Middle-Chinese : ljowng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄥˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lung⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : láng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lóng • Middle-Chinese : luwngX bamboo-made implement for holding soil • bamboo-made cage (for animals); coop • bamboo container, holder, hoop, basket, steamer (for buns, dumplings, etc.) ‖ (～竹) A kind of bamboo produced in the Lingnan region of China. ‖ to cover (all); to encompass; to include • to shroud; to envelop; to enshroud • to hide (one's hands, e.g. in the sleeves) • to twine; to wind; to tie up • to light (a fire); to kindle • large bamboo box; trunk • (Cantonese) large box; trunk • (Cantonese) interior (Classifier: 個／个 c) • (Cantonese) Classifier for 嘢 (je5), used in combination to describe negative matters caused by or associated with someone. • (Shanghainese, slang) a hundred of a currency designation ‖ 籠(かご) • (kago) ‖ 籠(かご) • (Kago) ‖ 籠(こ) • (ko) ‖ 籠(ろう) • (rō) ‖ 籠(ろう) • (rō) ‖ a cage • a basket ‖ a surname ‖ a basket, especially one made of bamboo • Short for 伏籠 (fusego): a clothes airer, or chicken coop ‖ Alternative spelling of 牢 (rō): a jail, prison; a cage; food (usually meat) used in offerings ‖ basket • bring in • seclude oneself 籠 (eumhun 대바구니 롱 (daebaguni rong), word-initial (South Korea) 대바구니 농 (daebaguni nong)) hanja form of 롱/농 (“basket”) Hán-Nôm : lồng • Hán-Nôm : lung • Hán-Nôm : ruồng • Hán-Nôm : luông • Hán-Nôm : luồng 籠
粥 The reduced form of the character 鬻 (OC *luɡ), which was an ideogrammic compound and the original character for "congee". \ ; “congee; rice gruel” \ : Alternatively, it may be related to Tibetan ཐུག་པ (thug pa, “Tibetan-style soup, broth, gruel, porridge”) (Bodman, 1980; Schuessler, 2007). ‖ The reduced form of the character 鬻 (OC *luɡ), which was an ideogrammic compound and the original character for "congee". \ ; “congee; rice gruel” \ : Alternatively, it may be related to Tibetan ཐུག་པ (thug pa, “Tibetan-style soup, broth, gruel, porridge”) (Bodman, 1980; Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄡ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tso̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsu̍k • Middle-Chinese : tsyuwk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : juk⁶ • Middle-Chinese : yuwk congee; rice gruel; porridge • weak; feeble • a surname: Zhou ‖ Alternative form of 育 (“to give birth; to rear”) • Original form of 鬻 (yù, “to sell”). • a surname ‖ 粥(かゆ) or 粥(かい) or 粥(しゅく) • (kayu or kai or shuku) congee ‖ congee (a type of rice porridge) 粥 (eumhun 죽 죽 (juk juk)) hanja form of 죽 (“congee”) Hán-Nôm : cháo 粥
粱 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : loeng⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liông • Middle-Chinese : ljang good varieties of millet; millet in general • exquisite staple food 粱 • (ryang>yang) · 粱 • (ryang>yang) (hangeul 량>양, revised ryang>yang, McCune–Reischauer ryang>yang, Yale lyang>yang) Hán-Nôm : lương • Hán-Nôm : thông 粱
糊 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khôo • Middle-Chinese : hu (literary) congee; rice gruel; porridge • to eat gruel to allay one's hunger • paste • to apply a mixture • muddled; unclear; blurry • (Mainland China, fandom slang) to flop • victory in mahjong game ‖ 糊(のり) • (nori) glue ‖ glue 糊 • (ho) · 糊 • (ho) (hangeul 호, revised ho, McCune–Reischauer ho, Yale ho) Hán-Nôm : hồ 糊
糕 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gou¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ko • Hokkien · Tai-lo : koo cake • pudding; paste 糕 • (go) · 糕 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko) Hán-Nôm : cao cake, pastry, pie 糕
糙 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cou³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshòo • Middle-Chinese : tshawH unhusked; unshucked; unpolished (of rice) • rough; coarse; crude; unrefined • rude; impolite 糙 • (jo) · 糙 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho, Yale co) 糙
糟 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsluː) : semantic 米 + phonetic 曹 (OC *zluː). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zou¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tso • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsau • Middle-Chinese : tsaw alcohol dregs • to preserve food in alcohol or alcohol dregs • (informal) awful; messy; terrible; in bad shape • to decay; to decompose; to spoil • (literary, or in compounds) to damage; to cause destruction to; to harm ‖ ‖ 糟 • (jo) · 糟 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho, Yale co) Hán-Nôm : tao • Hán-Nôm : tào (literary, only used in compound tao khang) alcohol dregs 糟
糠 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰlaːŋ) : semantic 米 (“rice”) + phonetic 康 (OC *kʰlaːŋ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khng • Middle-Chinese : khang chaff; bran; husks • crumbs • (of a radish) spongy • poor quality; worthless 糠 • (gang) · 糠 • (gang) (hangeul 강, revised gang, McCune–Reischauer kang, Yale kang) Hán-Nôm : khang 糠
糯 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : no⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nōo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lō ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsu̍t glutinous; sticky • glutinous rice ‖ (Southern Min) Alternative form of 秫 (“glutinous rice”) ‖ 糯(もち) • (mochi) ‖ glutinous rice 糯 • (na) · 糯 • (na) (hangeul 나, revised na, McCune–Reischauer na, Yale na) Hán-Nôm : nhu 糯
紊 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mɯns) : phonetic 文 (OC *mɯn) + semantic 糸 (“silk”) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄣˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : man⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : man⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leon⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : būn • Middle-Chinese : mjunH disorderly; chaotic; dysfunctional; confused fall into confusion • disorder 紊 • (mun) · 紊 • (mun) (hangeul 문, revised mun, McCune–Reischauer mun, Yale mun) 紊
紋 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mɯn) : semantic 糸 (“thread”) + phonetic 文 (OC *mɯn) – a line of thread. Specialised character from 文 (OC *mɯn). \ From 文 (OC *mɯn, “mark, tattoo”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : man⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bûn • Middle-Chinese : mjun line; streak; stripe • grain (of wood) • wrinkle • pattern • to tattoo ‖ 紋(もん) • (mon) ^(←もん (mon)?) crest (often of a family) ‖ Synonym of 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) 紋 (eumhun 무늬 문 (munui mun)) hanja form of 문 (“figure”) 紋
紡 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰaŋʔ) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 方 (OC *paŋ, *baŋ). \ Compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k(w)aŋ ⪤ *pʷaŋ (“spider; spin; spindle”), whence Tibetan ཕང (phang, “spindle”), Burmese ဝင့် (wang., “to spin (cotton)”) (STEDT). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fong² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pháng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hóng • Middle-Chinese : phjangX to spin; to reel; to weave • reeled pongee to spin; to make yarn • to spin (a tale); to assemble (e.g. words); to put together 紡 (eum 방 (bang)) 紡
紳 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : san¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sin • Middle-Chinese : syin girdle worn by officials in ancient China • to tie; to bind • gentleman sire • good belt • gentleman 紳 • (sin) · 紳 • (sin) (hangeul 신, revised sin, McCune–Reischauer sin, Yale sin) 紳
紹 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djewʔ) : semantic 糸 + phonetic 召 (OC *dews, *djews). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : siu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siāu • Middle-Chinese : dzyewX to continue; to carry on • Short for 紹興／绍兴 (Shàoxīng, “Shaoxing”). • a surname introduce 紹 • (so) · 紹 • (so) (hangeul 소, revised so, McCune–Reischauer so, Yale so) 紹
絃 Characters in the same phonetic series (玄) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡeːn, *qʰʷeːn) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 玄 (OC *ɡʷeːn). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (玄) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡeːn, *qʰʷeːn) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 玄 (OC *ɡʷeːn). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin⁴ • Middle-Chinese : hen ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄢˋ • Middle-Chinese : xwenH Alternative form of 弦 (“string on a musical instrument”) ‖ Alternative form of 絢／绚 (xuàn) 絃 • (hyeon) · 絃 • (hyeon) (hangeul 현, revised hyeon, McCune–Reischauer hyŏn, Yale hyen) 絃
絕 Originally ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 刀 (“knife”) + 幺 (“silk”) or ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 刀 (“knife”) + 𢆶 (“silk”) — to cut silk threads. \ Now phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 糹 (“silk”) + semantic 刀 (“knife”) + phonetic 巴 (卪). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tse̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tse̍rh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsēr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsua̍t • Middle-Chinese : dzjwet to break off; to cut off; to sever • to terminate; to discontinue; to break off • to exhaust; to use up • superb; peerless; matchless • desperate; dangerous without a way out • extremely; most • (used before a negative) absolutely; definitely; certainly • to die • (literary) to cross; to traverse; to pass • (poetry) jueju; quatrain • (literary) faraway; distant; remote • (literary) to surpass; to outdo • (Xiamen Hokkien) Used at the start of a sentence to express surprise, admiration, regret, or frustration 絕 (eum 절 (jeol)) Alternative form of 絶 絕
絞 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : káu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ká • Middle-Chinese : kaewX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haau⁴ to twist; to wring • to wind; to intertwine; to grind • Classifier for skeins of wools or thread. ‖ (historical) sash used to tie a dead body • greenish-yellow strangle; constrict • to wring; to squeeze; to milk 絞 • (gyo) · 絞 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo, Yale kyo) 絞
絮 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rnaːs, *nas, *snas, *nas) : phonetic 如 (OC *nja, *njas) + semantic 糸 (“silk”). ‖ ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sù • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sìr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sì • Middle-Chinese : sjoH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄩˋ • Middle-Chinese : nrjoH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˋ • Middle-Chinese : trhjoH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄚˋ • Middle-Chinese : naeH (archaic) coarse silk floss • cotton; cotton wadding • (botany) pubescence; villus; fine hair • to wad with cotton or silk floss • long-winded • bored; fed up; sick of something ‖ a surname ‖ to mix; to stir ‖ (of silk) disorderly; tangled 絮 • (seo, yeo) · 絮 • (seo, yeo) (hangeul 서, 여, revised seo, yeo, McCune–Reischauer sŏ, yŏ, Yale se, ye) 絮
絲 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 糸 + 糸. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si • Hokkien · Tai-lo : su • Middle-Chinese : si silk • items made from woven silk • silk-like object; fine thread; thin strip; thin shred • (music) string instrument • Classifier for extremely small quantities. • (Buddhism, obsolete) the number 10⁻⁴ ‖ 絲(いと) • (Ito) Kyūjitai form of 糸: thread ‖ a female given name • a surname 絲 • (sa) · 絲 • (sa) (hangeul 사) (명주): silk • (실): thread 絲
經 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *keːŋ, *keːŋs) : semantic 糸 (“silk; thread”) + phonetic 巠 (OC *keːŋ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *keːŋ, *keːŋs) : semantic 糸 (“silk; thread”) + phonetic 巠 (OC *keːŋ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kenn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : king • Middle-Chinese : keng • Middle-Chinese : kengH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥˋ • Middle-Chinese : kengH (weaving) warp, a thread running lengthwise in a woven fabric • to go through; to experience • to control; to manage; to engage in • something regarded as principal, doctrinal or classical · norm; regulation • something regarded as principal, doctrinal or classical · Chinese classics • something regarded as principal, doctrinal or classical · sacred texts of a certain religion, often used as a suffix for the titles of religious works • (traditional Chinese medicine) blood vessel • menses; menstruation • Short for 經度／经度 (jīngdù, “longitude”). • (Hakka, Southern Min) to weave • a surname ‖ to weave • (weaving) to wrap; to arrange strands of thread so that they run lengthwise • Alternative form of 徑／径 (jìng, “diameter”) • Alternative form of 徑／径 (jìng, “path”) • Alternative form of 徑／径 (jìng, “straight; directly”) classic works • pass through 經 (eumhun 지날 경 (jinal gyeong)) hanja form of 경 (“to pass”) canonical : 經: Hán Việt readings: kinh 經: Nôm readings: canh • canonical : kinh classic works 經
綠 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roɡ) : semantic 糸 + phonetic 彔 (OC *b·roːɡ). \ Starostin derives this from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *rwak (“leaf”), and cites Tibetan ཁྲོག་པོ (khrog po, “botanical term used of leaves standing round the stem scattered or alternately”), Burmese ရွက် (rwak), အရွက် (a.rwak, “leaf”) as cognates. Compare also Kinnauri rāgʻ (“blue, green”). \ Cognate with 菉 (“name of a plant of uncertain species”). In modern times this character gave rise to 氯 (“chlorine”). \ For the sense “to cuckold”, see 綠頭巾／绿头巾 (lǜtóujīn). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : li̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lio̍k • Middle-Chinese : ljowk green • to become green • (literary, only of hair) black and glossy (especially in a youthful-looking way) • healthy; environmentally friendly; green • green leaves • green field • Original form of 籙. • Alternative form of 菉 (lù, “name of a plant”) • (symbolic) Islam(ic); Muslim • (politics) related to the pro-independence pan-Green coalition of Taiwan • (slang) to cuckold • a surname ‖ 綠(みどり) • (Midori) Kyūjitai form of 緑: the color green ‖ a female given name. 綠 (eumhun 푸를 록 (pureul rok), word-initial (South Korea) 푸를 녹 (pureul nok)) hanja form of 록/녹 (“blue, green”) Hán-Nôm : lục green 綠
網 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mlaŋʔ) : semantic 糸 (“rope”) + phonetic 罔 (OC *mlaŋʔ). \ Compare Thai มุ้ง (múng, “mosquito net”), มอง (mɔɔng, “a kind of fishing net”) (Manomaiviboon, 1975). Perhaps the same word as 罔 (OC *mlaŋʔ, “to deceive”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mlaŋʔ) : semantic 糸 (“rope”) + phonetic 罔 (OC *mlaŋʔ). \ Compare Thai มุ้ง (múng, “mosquito net”), มอง (mɔɔng, “a kind of fishing net”) (Manomaiviboon, 1975). Perhaps the same word as 罔 (OC *mlaŋʔ, “to deceive”) (Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄤˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bāng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bǎng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bóng • Middle-Chinese : mjangX ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : báng net; web • network • the Internet; the Web • internet connection • (Cantonese) website (Classifier: 個／个 c) • to net; to catch with a net • to cover; to enclose; to net • (Mainland China Hokkien) to meticulously patch (a sewing technique) • (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) to steal; to snatch ‖ (Quanzhou Hokkien) to catch someone; to arrest • (Quanzhou Hokkien) to steal; to snatch ‖ 網(あみ) • (ami) ‖ 網(もう) • (-mō) ‖ net, netting ‖ network 網 (eumhun 그물 망 (geumul mang)) hanja form of 망 (“net”) Hán-Nôm : võng web, net • a hammock 網
綻 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiān • Middle-Chinese : dreanH ‖ to burst open; to split (at the seam) ‖ (Eastern Min) Alternative form of 賺／赚 (“incorrect”) be rent • ripped • unravel • run • begin to open • smile 綻 (eumhun 터질 탄 (teojil tan)) hanja form of 탄 (“to burst open, to split”) Hán-Nôm : trán • Hán-Nôm : chám • Hán-Nôm : chớm • Hán-Nôm : trám • Hán-Nôm : trớm 綻
緒 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljaʔ) : semantic 糹 + phonetic 者 (OC *tjaːʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sǐr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sī • Middle-Chinese : zjoX thread; thread end • beginning • mental state • clue ‖ 緒(しょ) • (sho) ‖ 緒(ちょ) • (cho) ‖ 緒(お) • (o) ‖ beginning • mental or emotional state ‖ Alternative form of 緒 (sho) ‖ string; cord; thong • (specifically) string of a geta or sandal 緒 • (seo) · 緒 • (seo) (hangeul 서, revised seo, McCune–Reischauer sŏ, Yale se) Alternative form of 緖 Hán-Nôm : tự 緒
締 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *deː, *deːɡs) : semantic 糸 + phonetic 帝 (OC *teːɡs). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dai³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tai³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tè • Middle-Chinese : dej • Middle-Chinese : dejH to form; to establish • to associate • to restrain; to suppress to close • to shut something; to lock something closed 締 • (che) · 締 • (che) (hangeul 체, revised che, McCune–Reischauer ch'e, Yale chey) 締
緣 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lon, *lons) : semantic 糹 + phonetic 彖 (OC *l̥ʰjelʔ, *hljelʔ, *l̥ʰoːns). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lon, *lons) : semantic 糹 + phonetic 彖 (OC *l̥ʰjelʔ, *hljelʔ, *l̥ʰoːns). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iân • Middle-Chinese : ywen ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun⁶ hem (edge of a piece of clothing) • edge; brink; margin • along; down; throughout the length of • to climb up; to climb vertically; to ascend • to involve; to implicate; to incriminate • reason; cause; basis • (literary) because of; due to • relying on; depending on • lucky chance; luck or lot by which people are brought together; predestined relationship; fate; serendipity • linkage; bondings ‖ hem; margin • to edge with lace; to rim with lace, border, etc. hem • margin • reason • cause • karma • destiny; fate 緣 • (yeon, dan) · 緣 • (yeon, dan) (hangeul 연, 단, revised yeon, dan, McCune–Reischauer yŏn, tan, Yale yen, tan) fate • reason Hán-Nôm : duyên 緣
緻 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi³ • Middle-Chinese : drijH delicate; fine fine (not coarse) 緻 • (chi) · 緻 • (chi) (hangeul 치, revised chi, McCune–Reischauer ch'i, Yale chi) Hán-Nôm : trí 緻
縛 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *baːɡs, *baɡ) : semantic 糸 (“rope”) + phonetic 尃 (OC *pʰa). \ Austroasiatic. Compare Khmer ប៉ាក់ (pak, “to embroider”), Mon ဗိုက် (“to put around esp. lower half of body”), Temiar bəg (“to bind”) (Schuessler, 2007). Alternatively, note Thai ผูก (pùuk, “to tie; to bind”) and Vietnamese buộc (“to tie; to bind”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bok³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bok⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fok³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fok⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pa̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ho̍k • Middle-Chinese : baH • Middle-Chinese : bjak to tie up; to bind; to truss • (Hokkien) to weave from bamboo strips (tools, utensils, etc.) • (Hokkien) feeling tight when worn (of clothes) • (Hokkien) Classifier for bundled items. • (Mainland China Hokkien) to take on a contract; to undertake (a job, construction project, etc.) • (Mainland China Hokkien) to wrap; to bind up • (Xiamen Hokkien) to rent; to lease • a surname to tie, to bind 縛 (eumhun 묶을 박 (mukkeul bak)) hanja form of 박 (“tie”) Hán-Nôm : phược • Hán-Nôm : phọc • Hán-Nôm : phước 縛
縣 Shuowen: Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 𥄉 + 系 – to hang 系 by the head 𥄉 (hair hanging down). \ Original form of 懸. Originally in bronze and bamboo slip scripts, Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 目 + 木 + 糸 - to hang with the string 糸 by the head 目 (using an eye to represent a head) on a tree 木. In Qin bamboo slip scripts, some of 目 + 木 were corrupted to 県 (with one straight horizontal line rather than 𠃊) which interpreted to a reversed 首 head by Shuowen, and 糸 was corrupted to 系. ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuāinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuīnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuǎn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiān • Middle-Chinese : hwenH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun⁴ • Middle-Chinese : hwen A type of administrative division: · (historical, in ancient China) district; prefecture • A type of administrative division: · (in Mainland China) county (third level division that is now generally restricted to rural areas, contrasted with urban districts (區／区 (qū))) • A type of administrative division: · (in Taiwan) county (first level division that used to be under the jurisdiction of a province but are now directly administered by the central government) • A type of administrative division: · (in Japan) prefecture • A type of administrative division: · (in the United States) county (second level division under the jurisdiction of a state, excluding Alaska and Louisiana) • (in many cases but not always) county seat (the town which serves as the seat of government of such divisions) • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 懸／悬 (xuán, “to hang; to suspend”) Hán-Nôm : huyện chữ Hán form of huyện (“district”). 縣
縫 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boŋ, *boŋs) : semantic 糹 + phonetic 逢 (OC *boŋ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boŋ, *boŋs) : semantic 糹 + phonetic 逢 (OC *boŋ). Cantonese · Jyutping : fung⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pâng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hông • Middle-Chinese : bjowng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fung⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄥˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phāng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hōng • Middle-Chinese : bjowngH to sew • to patch; to mend • a surname: Feng ‖ seam; crack; narrow slit • gap; space; opening; crack (Classifier: 道 m) to sew 縫 • (bong) · 縫 • (bong) (hangeul 봉, revised bong, McCune–Reischauer pong, Yale pong) Hán-Nôm : phùng 縫
縱 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsloŋ, *ʔsloŋs) : semantic 糸 + phonetic 從 (OC *zloŋ, *zloŋ, *zloŋs). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsloŋ, *ʔsloŋs) : semantic 糸 + phonetic 從 (OC *zloŋ, *zloŋ, *zloŋs). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsloŋ, *ʔsloŋs) : semantic 糸 + phonetic 從 (OC *zloŋ, *zloŋ, *zloŋs). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsloŋ, *ʔsloŋs) : semantic 糸 + phonetic 從 (OC *zloŋ, *zloŋ, *zloŋs). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zung³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiòng • Middle-Chinese : tsjowngH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄥˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiong • Middle-Chinese : tsjowng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zung² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshióng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄥˊ (literary) loose; relaxed • (literary) to shoot an arrow • (literary) to send out; to deliver • to let go; to release; to set free • to let loose • to jump up; to jump over • (dialectal, including Cantonese, Hainanese, Leizhou Mina, Liuzhou Mandarin, Loudi Xiang) to spoil; to pamper • even if; even though • a surname ‖ of the north-south direction; vertical • longitudinal; lengthwise • (historical) Short for 合縱／合纵 (hézòng, “to ally with”). • (military) Short for 縱隊／纵队 (zòngduì, “column corps”). • Alternative form of 蹤／踪 (zōng, “trace”) ‖ Used in 縱縱／纵纵 (zǒngzǒng, “hurried; numerous”). • Used in 縱臾／纵臾 (zǒngyǒng, “to encourage”). ‖ (obsolete, of hair worn in a bun) big and tall 縱 (eum 종 (jong)) · 縱 (eum 총 (chong)) Hán-Nôm : túng • Hán-Nôm : tung 縱
總 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsloːŋʔ) : semantic 糸 (“rope”) + phonetic 悤 (). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄥˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsóng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsáng • Middle-Chinese : tsuwngX to collect • overall; altogether • always • Used as a suffix after a person's surname in nicknames for people being leader of a company, usually for males. Kyūjitai form of 総 (general, overall, total) 總 • (chong) · 總 • (chong) (hangeul 총, revised chong, McCune–Reischauer ch'ong, Yale chong) Hán-Nôm : tổng • Hán-Nôm : tông ‖ romanization : tổng ‖ chữ Hán form of tổng (“general; overall; comprehensive”). 總
繕 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡjens) : semantic 糸 (“thread; textile”) + phonetic 善 (OC *ɡjenʔ, “good”). Also Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : to repair; to make good. \ Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *glan (“to repair”), cognate to Tibetan གླན་པ (glan pa, “to patch; to mend”) and related forms (Gong 1995; STEDT). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin⁶ • Middle-Chinese : dzyenH to repair; to mend • to copy neatly; to transcribe • to prepare; to renovate • to keep; to maintain • firm; resolute darning • repair 繕 • (seon) · 繕 • (seon) (hangeul 선, revised seon, McCune–Reischauer sŏn, Yale sen) canonical : 繕: Hán Việt readings: thiện chữ Hán form of thiện (“repair, transcribe neatly”). 繕
繫 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *keːɡs, *ɡeːɡs) : phonetic 毄 () + semantic 糸 (“thread”) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *keːɡs, *ɡeːɡs) : phonetic 毄 () + semantic 糸 (“thread”) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hai⁶ • Middle-Chinese : kejH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hē • Middle-Chinese : hejH to tie, to fasten, to button up ‖ to connect; to link • to arrest; to imprison • to be concerned about attach • connect • unite • fasten 繫 (eumhun 맬 계 (mael gye)) hanja form of 경 (“bind, connect”) 繫
繭 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 糸 (“silk”) + 虫 (“insect”) + abbreviated 黹 (“needlework”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaan² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kián • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kíng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kán • Middle-Chinese : kenX cocoon • callus ‖ 繭(まゆ) • (mayu) a cocoon ‖ (entomology) a cocoon 繭 • (gyeon) · 繭 • (gyeon) (hangeul 견, revised gyeon, McCune–Reischauer kyŏn, Yale kyen) Hán-Nôm : kiển • Hán-Nôm : kén • Hán-Nôm : kiền 繭
繼 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *keːɡs) : semantic 糸 (“rope”) + phonetic 㡭 (). \ The original form may have depicted four 幺 (“silk”). \ According to Schuessler 2007, originally the same word as 係 (OC *keːɡs). Cantonese · Jyutping : gai³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kè • Middle-Chinese : kejH to continue; to maintain; to carry on; to follow • to inherit and carry on; to succeed • follow-up; ensuing; following • immediately afterward; right afterward; soon after • a surname: Ji acquire by birthright • follow in someone's footsteps or position • (clothes) patch • (be) grafted into a tree 繼 (eumhun 이을 계 (ieul gye)) hanja form of 계 (“continue, persist”) • hanja form of 계 (“inherit”) Hán-Nôm : kế 繼
續 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljoɡs, *ljoɡ) : semantic 糸 (“rope”) + phonetic 𧶠 (OC *luɡ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zuk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sio̍k • Middle-Chinese : zjowk to continue; to carry on; to succeed • (colloquial) to add • (Cantonese) to extend; to renew • a surname: Xu continuation • sequel • series • carry on • succeed 續 (eumhun 이을 속 (ieul sok)) hanja form of 속 (“continuation”) Hán-Nôm : tục 續
缶 Pictogram (象形) – a pot with a lid. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄡˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hió • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hóo • Middle-Chinese : pjuwX earthen pot or jar for storing an alcoholic drink • musical instrument for ritual music ‖ 缶(かん) • (kan) ^(←くわん (kwan)?) ‖ 缶(かん) • (-kan) ^(←くわん (kwan)?) pot; can • tin can • container • jar radical (no. 121) ‖ a can, a tin ‖ counter for canned goods 缶 • (bu) · 缶 • (bu) (hangeul 부, revised bu, McCune–Reischauer pu, Yale pu) an earthern vessel that bulges in the middle and has a narrow mouth • refers to one of many types of the double-headed drums with a narrow waist in the middle • 洋甁, a glazed pot bulging in the middle with a narrow mouth • volume, capacity (=4斛) • rad. 121 Hán-Nôm : phẫu • Hán-Nôm : phễu • Hán-Nôm : quán • Hán-Nôm : phữu 缶
缸 ‖ Cognate with Hokkien 矸 (kan, “bottle”). Cantonese · Jyutping : gong¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄤ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄤㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kng • Middle-Chinese : haewng ‖ vat; crock; jar (usually with a large opening and small bottom, made of clay, porcelain, enamel, glass, etc.) (Classifier: 口 m) • pot-shaped vessel • compound of sand, clay, etc. for making earthenware ‖ (Teochew) jar; vase 缸 • (hang) · 缸 • (hang) (hangeul 항) Hán-Nôm : hang • Hán-Nôm : cong • Hán-Nôm : hồng 缸
罐 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koːns) : semantic 缶 (“pottery”) + phonetic 雚 (OC *koːns). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gun³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄢˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuàn • Middle-Chinese : kwanH can; jar; tin; cylindrical container for holding objects or liquids or cooking • Classifier for canned items. • coal tub • (dialectal) bottle • (dialectal) Classifier for bottled items. 罐 • (gwan) · 罐 • (gwan) (hangeul 관, revised gwan, McCune–Reischauer kwan, Yale kwan) Hán-Nôm : quán 罐
罔 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mlaŋʔ) : semantic 网 (“net”) + phonetic 亡 (OC *maŋ). \ ;“not have; not” Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mong⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bóng • Middle-Chinese : mjangX Alternative form of 網／网 • (literary) to not have • (literary) not • (literary) to deceive; to hide (truth) from • (archaic) to falsely accuse; to wrong (someone); to slander • (Eastern Min, with verbs and adjectives) the more... the more • (Eastern Min, with verbs) while (usually used as a pair: doing X while doing Y • (Eastern Min) although 罔 (eumhun 그물 망 (geumul mang)) hanja form of 망 (“net”) • hanja form of 망 (“deceive”) • hanja form of 망 (“libel”) • hanja form of 망 (“negative”) Hán-Nôm : vóng • Hán-Nôm : vọng • Hán-Nôm : võng 罔
罕 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰaːnʔ, *qʰaːns) : semantic 网 (“net”) + phonetic 干 (OC *kaːn) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hon² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huánn • Middle-Chinese : xanX • Middle-Chinese : xanH ^† net with a long handle used for catching birds • rare; scarce • rarely; seldom • ^† flag; banner • a surname 罕 • (han) · 罕 • (han) (hangeul 한, revised han, McCune–Reischauer han, Yale han) rare, elusive Hán-Nôm : hãn • Hán-Nôm : hắn • Hán-Nôm : hẳn 罕
罩 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rteːwɢs) : semantic 罒 + phonetic 卓 (OC *rteːwɢ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tàu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tà • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tauh • Middle-Chinese : traewH to cover; to wrap • cover; shade; hood • basket for catching fish • to surpass Hán-Nôm : chau • Hán-Nôm : tráo • Hán-Nôm : trạo • Hán-Nôm : trạu • Hán-Nôm : trậu • Hán-Nôm : trụa • Hán-Nôm : trũa • Hán-Nôm : trõa • Hán-Nôm : troã • Hán-Nôm : tròa • Hán-Nôm : troà • Hán-Nôm : tróa • Hán-Nôm : troá 罩
罵 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mraːʔ, *mraːs) : semantic 网 + phonetic 馬 (OC *mraːʔ). Cantonese · Jyutping : maa⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mēe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mǎ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mī • Middle-Chinese : maeX • Middle-Chinese : maeH to chide; to blame • to curse; to swear • to scold ‖ 罵(ば) • (ba) ‖ abuse; insult 罵 (eumhun 꾸짖을 매 (kkujijeul mae)) hanja form of 매 (“to scold”) Hán-Nôm : mạ • Hán-Nôm : mắng • Hán-Nôm : mà • Hán-Nôm : mựa 罵
羔 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 羊 (“caprid”) + 灬 (“fire”) – a lamb being cooked on a fire. The definition may have come from animals like lambs being apt for cooking and eating. \ According to the Shuowen Jiezi, phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kluː) : semantic 羊 + abbreviated phonetic 照 (OC *tjews). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gou¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ko • Hokkien · Tai-lo : koo • Middle-Chinese : kaw lamb • young animal • young 羔
羚 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁴ • Middle-Chinese : leng antelope; gazelle • goral; serow • ^‡ lamb; young sheep antelope • serow 羚 • (ryeong>yeong) · 羚 • (ryeong>yeong) (hangeul 령>영, revised ryeong>yeong, McCune–Reischauer ryŏng>yŏng, Yale lyeng>yeng) canonical : 羚: Hán Việt readings: linh 羚
羨 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 羊 (“sheep”) + 㳄 (“saliva”) – to envy. \ 羊 may be interpreted as a beautiful sheep or good mutton (cf. 美 “beautiful” and 善 “good”). \ The Kangxi Dictionary, following 《佩觿》, enters the word in etymology 2 as 羡, separating it from 羨 (etymology 1). This is also followed by dictionaries such as Hanyu Da Cidian and Dai Kan-Wa Jiten, but Zhongwen Da Cidian disagrees with this treatment. (Hanyu Da Zidian regards 羡 as the main form of all pronunciations.) According to 《說文解字羣經正字》: \ 羨，貪欲也，今經典往往作羡。郭忠恕《佩觿》分羨、羡爲二字。羡，以脂翻，江夏地名；羨，似面翻，慕也。非也，字書無从次之字，惟一字而數音耳。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]羡，贪欲也，今经典往往作羡。郭忠恕《佩觿》分羡、羡为二字。羡，以脂翻，江夏地名；羡，似面翻，慕也。非也，字书无从次之字，惟一字而数音耳。 [Classical Chinese, simp.] \ From: 《說文解字羣經正字》, quoted from Zhongwen Da Cidian \ 羨 (Xiàn), tānyù yě, jīn jīngdiǎn wǎngwǎng zuò 羡. Guō Zhōngshù “Pèixī” fēn 羨 (xiàn), 羡 (yí) wéi èr zì. Yí, yǐ zhī fān, Jiāngxià dìmíng; xiàn, sì miàn fān, mù yě. Fēi yě, zìshū wú cóng 次 (cì) zhī zì, wéi yī zì ér shù yīn ěr. [Pinyin] \ 羨, meaning "to covet", is now frequently written as 羡 in the classics. Guo Zhongshu's Peixi distinguishes 羨 and 羡 as separate characters. 羡, fanqie 以脂, name of a place in Jiangxia. 羨, fanqie 似面, to desire. This is not the case. There's no such character with the 次 element in character dictionaries. There is only one character but several pronunciations. \ Possibly related to 餘 (OC *la, “surplus”) (Wang, 1982). ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siǎn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suan • Middle-Chinese : zjenH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˊ • Middle-Chinese : yij ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ • Middle-Chinese : yenH to envy; to admire • (literary) surplus • (literary) to exceed • (obsolete) crooked; evil • 10th tetragram of the Taixuanjing (𝌏) • a surname ‖ Only used in 沙羨／沙羡 (“Shayi (county)”). ‖ Alternative form of 延 (yán, “to invite; to engage”) • Alternative form of 埏 (“tomb passage”) 羨 (eumhun 부러워할 선 (bureowohal seon)) ‖ 羨 (eumhun 무덤길 연 (mudeomgil yeon)) hanja form of 선 (“envy; envious”) ‖ hanja form of 연 (“road to a grave”) 羨
羹 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kenn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : king • Middle-Chinese : kaeng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : long⁴ thick soup; broth • vegetable soup • soups in general • (Cantonese) spoon (Classifier: 隻／只 c) • (Cantonese) Classifier for amounts of substance in a spoon. ‖ Only used in 不羹. ‖ 羹(かん) • (kan) ‖ 羹(あつもの) • (atsumono) ‖ broth of fish and vegetables ‖ broth of fish and vegetables 羹 • (gaeng) · 羹 • (gaeng) (hangeul 갱, revised gaeng, McCune–Reischauer kaeng, Yale kayng) Hán-Nôm : canh 羹
翅 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰjes) : phonetic 支 (OC *kje) + semantic 羽 (“feathers”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sì • Middle-Chinese : syeH wing • fin insect's wing 翅 • (si) · 翅 • (si) (hangeul 시) 翅
翌 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lɯɡ) : phonetic 羽 (OC *ɢʷaʔ, *ɢʷas) + semantic 昱 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jik⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : i̍k • Middle-Chinese : yik (literary) next • (literary) bright; clear • (literary) Alternative form of 翼 (yì, “wing”) • (literary) to assist (now usually written as 翊) ‖ 翌(よく) • (yoku-) next ‖ next; following 翌 (eumhun 다음날 익 (da'eumnal ik)) hanja form of 익 (“the next day”) 翌
翔 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljaŋ) : phonetic 羊 (OC *laŋ) + semantic 羽 (“feathers”) \ Iterative of 徉 (OC *laŋ) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ After a netizen on Tieba named 軍神李翔／军神李翔 (Jūnshén Lǐ Xiáng, “Li Xiang the God of War”). In 2011, he argued with other netizens for many days, and the argument finally ended with his comment 我他媽就是一坨屎／我他妈就是一坨屎 (“I'm a fucking pile of shit”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄤˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siâng • Middle-Chinese : zjang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄤˊ to fly; to soar ‖ (Mainland China, neologism, Internet slang) shit ‖ 翔(しょう) • (Shō) soar ‖ a male given name 翔 (eumhun 날 상 (nal sang)) hanja form of 상 (“soar”) Hán-Nôm : tường 翔
翠 From 淬 (OC *sʰuːds, “to dip into liquid, to plunge, to temper, to dye, etc.”), as kingfishers dive underwater to catch fish (Schuessler, 2007). \ The "blue-green, cyan" > "bright" senses are because of the kingfishers' plumages. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuì • Middle-Chinese : tshwijH kingfisher, especially a cyan or blue one • kingfisher feathers • green jade; jadeite • blue-green; cyan • bright; distinct ‖ ‖ 翠(みどり) • (Midori) green ‖ ‖ a female given name 翠 • (chwi) · 翠 • (chwi) (hangeul 취, revised chwi, McCune–Reischauer ch'wi, Yale chwi) canonical : 翠: Hán Việt readings: thúy • canonical : thuý chữ Hán form of Thuý (“female given name”). 翠
翩 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pin¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phian • Middle-Chinese : phjien 翩 (eum 편 (pyeon)) 翩
翰 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡaːn, *ɡaːns) : phonetic 倝 (OC *kaːns) + semantic 羽 (“feather”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hon⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hān • Middle-Chinese : han • Middle-Chinese : hanH golden pheasant • to fly high • long and hard feather • (literary, or in compounds) writing brush • (literary, or in compounds) writing; literary work • (literary or polite) letter of correspondence • (literary) literary talent • white horse 翰 • (han) · 翰 • (han) (hangeul 한, revised han, McCune–Reischauer han, Yale han) Hán-Nôm : hàn 翰
耀 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lewɢs) : semantic 光 (“light; beam; ray”) + phonetic 翟 (OC *r'aːwɢ, *l'eːwɢ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iāu • Middle-Chinese : yewH to shine; to sparkle • to dazzle; to show off; to make a display of; to flaunt • rays of light; radiance • glorious • a surname • (Eastern Min) Alternative form of 邵 (siêu, “praise, appreciate, brag, admire”) ‖ 耀(よう) • (yō) ^(←えう (eu)?) shine • sparkle • gleam • twinkle ‖ shine, sparkle, gleam, twinkle 耀 • (yo) · 耀 • (yo) (hangeul 요, revised yo, McCune–Reischauer yo, Yale yo) shine, sparkle • dazzle • glory Hán-Nôm : diệu 耀
耍 From 傻 (MC srwaeX, “foolish”) (Zhengzhang, 2003). ‖ Possibly from 賞 (OC *hjaŋʔ, “to enjoy”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄚˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suá ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : sńg to play; to frolic; to amuse oneself • to make a fool of; to play tricks on • to perform; to play with; to fiddle with; to flourish • to brandish; to wield; to wave; to wield • to show off; to display; to act; to trick; to fool • (colloquial) to gamble • (Cantonese) Short for 耍太極／耍太极. • a surname ‖ (Southern Min) to play Hán-Nôm : hỏa • Hán-Nôm : hoả • Hán-Nôm : vũ • Hán-Nôm : võ 耍
耘 Related to Tibetan ཡུར་མ (yur ma, “weeding”), Kurtöp [script needed] (wer, “to weed”) (Schuessler, 2007, 2024). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄣˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ûn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : în • Middle-Chinese : hjun to weed weed 耘 • (un) · 耘 • (un) (hangeul 운, revised un, McCune–Reischauer un, Yale wun) 耘
耙 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *braːs) : semantic 耒 (“plow”) + phonetic 巴 (OC *praː) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *braːs) : semantic 耒 (“plow”) + phonetic 巴 (OC *praː) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baa³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pēe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pâ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paa⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pêe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phâ harrow • to draw a harrow over (a field); to harrow ‖ rake • to make smooth with a rake; to rake 耙 (eumhun 써레 파 (sseore pa)) hanja form of 파 (“harrow; rake”) canonical : 耙: Hán Việt readings: bá • canonical : bà • canonical : bả 耙: Nôm readings: bừa • canonical : bá • canonical : bồ Nôm form of bừa (“harrow; rake”). 耙
耶 Corruption of 邪 (OC *ljaː, *laː). \ ; question particle ‖ ‖ Possibly influenced by English yeah. Same as 吔 (yē). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : je⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iâ • Middle-Chinese : yae ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : je⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iâ • Middle-Chinese : yae ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝˋ Alternative form of 爺／爷 (yé, “father”) • Particle indicating a questioning tone. ‖ Used in transcription. ‖ yeah; hurray (interjection expressing joy) • (chiefly Internet slang) particle expressing joy or surprise interrogative particle • used phonetically 耶 • (ya) · 耶 • (ya) (hangeul 야, revised ya, McCune–Reischauer ya, Yale ya) Hán-Nôm : da • Hán-Nôm : gia 耶
耽 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : daam¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tam • Middle-Chinese : tom • Middle-Chinese : tomX to delay; to indulge • negligent 耽 • (tam, dam) · 耽 • (tam, dam) (hangeul 탐, 담, revised tam, dam, McCune–Reischauer t'am, tam, Yale tham, tam) Hán-Nôm : đam • Hán-Nôm : xẩm • Hán-Nôm : đắm 耽
耿 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kreːŋʔ) : abbreviated phonetic 烓 (OC *qʷeː, *kʰʷeːŋʔ) + semantic 耳. Alternatively phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kreːŋʔ) : abbreviated phonetic 聖 (OC *hljeŋs) + semantic 火. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄥˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kíng • Middle-Chinese : keangX (literary) bright; shining • (literary) honest and just; upright • uneasy; disturbed • sad; sorrowful • a surname light 耿 • (gyeong) · 耿 • (gyeong) (hangeul 경, revised gyeong, McCune–Reischauer kyŏng, Yale kyeng) bright • shining • have guts Hán-Nôm : cảnh • Hán-Nôm : kẻng • Hán-Nôm : khệnh • Hán-Nôm : kỉnh 耿
聆 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Middle-Chinese : leng (literary) to listen carefully • (literary) to fully understand listening • realizing 聆 • (ryeong>yeong) · 聆 • (ryeong>yeong) (hangeul 령>영, revised ryeong>yeong, McCune–Reischauer ryŏng>yŏng, Yale leyng>eyng) 聆
聊 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *m·rɯːw) : semantic 耳 (“ear”) + phonetic 卯 (OC *mruːʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâu • Middle-Chinese : lew to chat • (formal) to rely on • (literary, or in compounds) somewhat; slightly; at least • (literary, or in compounds) for the time being; tentatively slightly 聊 • (ryo, yo) · 聊 • (ryo, yo) (hangeul 료, 요) somewhat • slightly, at least Hán-Nôm : liêu 聊
聚 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zloʔ, *zlos) : phonetic 取 (OC *sʰloːʔ, *sʰloʔ) + semantic 乑 (“three men”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsǔ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsī • Middle-Chinese : dzjuX • Middle-Chinese : dzjuH to gather; to congregate; to assemble • to gather; to congregate; to assemble · (specifically, informal) to meet up; to hang out • (literary, or in compounds) to pile up; to heap up • (literary, or in compounds) to levy; to collect; to impose • (literary, or in compounds) to extort; to plunder; to expropriate; to fleece • (literary, or in compounds) village; hamlet • (literary) crowd; drove (of people) • (literary) savings (money set aside for the future) • (chemistry) poly- • 59th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "massing" (𝍀) • a surname: Ju 聚 • (chwi) · 聚 • (chwi) (hangeul 취, revised chwi, McCune–Reischauer ch'wi, Yale chwi) Hán-Nôm : tụ • Hán-Nôm : sụ • Hán-Nôm : tọ • Hán-Nôm : xụ • Hán-Nôm : xủ 聚
聯 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 耳 (“ear”) + 絲 (“silk”). \ According to Duan Yucai, 聯 and 連／连 are two characters for a same word, with the former used in the Zhou dynasty and the latter in the Han dynasty. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-rjan (“equal; to place in a row; to align; row”); related to 連 (OC *ren) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : biân • Middle-Chinese : ljen to connect; to join • to associate; to ally • (literary or dialectal) to sew; to stitch • couplet Alternative form of 連 聯 (eumhun 잇달 련 (itdal ryeon), word-initial (South Korea) 잇달 연 (itdal yeon)) hanja form of 련/연 (“connect, join”) • hanja form of 련/연 (“associate, ally”) Hán-Nôm : liên • Hán-Nôm : lén • Hán-Nôm : lẻn • Hán-Nôm : liền • Hán-Nôm : liễn 聯
聰 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰloːŋ) : semantic 耳 (“ear”) + phonetic 悤 (). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshang • Middle-Chinese : tshuwng quick at hearing • hearing; sense of hearing • intelligent; clever; bright • satoshi (bitcoin unit) wise, intelligent 聰 • (chong) · 聰 • (chong) (hangeul 총, revised chong, McCune–Reischauer ch'ong, Yale chong) Hán-Nôm : thông 聰
聲 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰjeŋ) : phonetic 殸 (OC *kʰreːŋ, *kʰeːŋs) + semantic 耳 (“ear”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siann • Middle-Chinese : syeng sound; noise; voice (Classifier: 把 c) • (literary) music • (literary) words; speech • (literary) to make a sound; to sound • reputation • news; messages • tone • to declare; to state • Classifier for sounds. • (Cantonese) Suffix used to form adjectives with onomatopoeia. • (Cantonese) Suffix used after large numerals to express the magnitude of a number. • (Cantonese, chiefly in the negative) to make a sound • (Cantonese) something that is said (Classifier: 句 c; 粒 c) • (Chinese phonetics) initial ‖ 聲(こえ) • (koe) ^(←こゑ (kowe)?) voice ‖ Kyūjitai form of 声: voice 聲 (eumhun 소리 성 (sori seong)) hanja form of 성 (“voice, sound”) canonical : 聲: Hán Việt readings: thanh 聲: Nôm readings: thanh • canonical : thênh • canonical : thiêng • canonical : thinh • canonical : xênh chữ Hán form of thanh (“linguistic tone, sound, voice”). • Nôm form of thinh (“silent”). • Nôm form of thiêng (“sacred”). 聲
聽 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰeːŋ, *l̥ʰeːŋs) : phonetic 𡈼 (OC *l̥ʰeːŋʔ) + semantic 耳 (“ear”) + semantic 㥁. \ Originally ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 耳 (“ear”) + 口 (“mouth(s)”) – to listen. Compare 聖. \ This is traditionally considered to have the same origin as 聖 (OC *hljeŋs, “to hear; wise; sage”) and 聲 (OC *qʰjeŋ, “sound”). Additionally, it may be also related to 聆 (OC *reːŋ, “to hear; to listen”) (Wang, 1982). \ Outside connections unclear, although note Proto-Hlai *hliːŋ (“to hear (it said)”) from Pre-Hlai *(h)leːŋ (Norquest, 2007). \ Derivatives: \ * 廳 (OC *l̥ʰeːŋ, “hall, i.e. where hearings take place”) \ * 廷 (OC *l'eːŋ, *l'eːŋʔ, “palace courtyard”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰeːŋ, *l̥ʰeːŋs) : phonetic 𡈼 (OC *l̥ʰeːŋʔ) + semantic 耳 (“ear”) + semantic 㥁. \ Originally ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 耳 (“ear”) + 口 (“mouth(s)”) – to listen. Compare 聖. \ This is traditionally considered to have the same origin as 聖 (OC *hljeŋs, “to hear; wise; sage”) and 聲 (OC *qʰjeŋ, “sound”). Additionally, it may be also related to 聆 (OC *reːŋ, “to hear; to listen”) (Wang, 1982). \ Outside connections unclear, although note Proto-Hlai *hliːŋ (“to hear (it said)”) from Pre-Hlai *(h)leːŋ (Norquest, 2007). \ Derivatives: \ * 廳 (OC *l̥ʰeːŋ, “hall, i.e. where hearings take place”) \ * 廷 (OC *l'eːŋ, *l'eːŋʔ, “palace courtyard”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰeːŋ, *l̥ʰeːŋs) : phonetic 𡈼 (OC *l̥ʰeːŋʔ) + semantic 耳 (“ear”) + semantic 㥁. \ Originally ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 耳 (“ear”) + 口 (“mouth(s)”) – to listen. Compare 聖. \ This is traditionally considered to have the same origin as 聖 (OC *hljeŋs, “to hear; wise; sage”) and 聲 (OC *qʰjeŋ, “sound”). Additionally, it may be also related to 聆 (OC *reːŋ, “to hear; to listen”) (Wang, 1982). \ Outside connections unclear, although note Proto-Hlai *hliːŋ (“to hear (it said)”) from Pre-Hlai *(h)leːŋ (Norquest, 2007). \ Derivatives: \ * 廳 (OC *l̥ʰeːŋ, “hall, i.e. where hearings take place”) \ * 廷 (OC *l'eːŋ, *l'eːŋʔ, “palace courtyard”). ‖ From English tin. ‖ See 聽日／听日 (ting¹ jat⁶). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiann • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thìng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thing • Middle-Chinese : theng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ting³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thìng • Middle-Chinese : thengH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄥˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄥ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : ting¹ to listen; to hear; to listen to (radio, etc.) • to obey; to heed • to allow; to let • Alternative form of 廳／厅 (tīng, “hall”) • (Shanghainese, slang) a thousand of a currency denomination • (Wenzhounese) to smell • (Cantonese) to pick up the phone ‖ to handle (matters of state); to administer • to adjudicate • to allow • (Cantonese) to wait a little • (Cantonese) to wait for something inevitable to happen ‖ (mahjong) to need (one or more particular tiles) to complete a hand to win ‖ can; tin • Classifier for canned drinks. ‖ (Cantonese) tomorrow to listen; to hear • to allow 聽 (eumhun 들을 청 (deureul cheong)) Hanja form of 청 (“to listen”). Hán-Nôm : thính • Hán-Nôm : xính 聽
肅 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 𦘒 + 𣶒. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : suk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sok • Middle-Chinese : sjuwk respectful • solemn • to rectify; to tighten; to strengthen • to eliminate • a surname 肅 • (suk) · 肅 • (suk) (hangeul 숙, revised suk, McCune–Reischauer suk, Yale swuk) Hán-Nôm : túc 肅
肆 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hljɯds) : semantic 镸 + phonetic 隶 (OC *lɯds). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sù • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sìr • Middle-Chinese : sijH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sù • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sìr (literary, or in compounds) impudent; undisciplined • (literary, or in compounds) shop; store; stall ‖ (financial) Alternative form of 四 (“four”) (used in official documents or checks to avoid forgery) ‖ 肆(いちくら) or 肆(いちぐら) • (ichikura or ichigura) (financial, archaic) four • shop or store • selfish, self-indulgent ‖ 肆 (eum 사 (sa)) Hán-Nôm : tứ 肆
肇 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *dawʔ) : phonetic 肁 (OC *dawʔ) + semantic 攵 (“hand action”) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiǎu • Middle-Chinese : drjewX (literary) to commence; to start; to begin • (literary) to cause • Short for 肇慶／肇庆 (Zhàoqìng, “Zhaoqing”). ‖ 肇(はじめ) • (Hajime) begin, start ‖ a male given name 肇 • (jo) · 肇 • (jo) (hangeul 조, McCune–Reischauer cho, Yale co) 肇
肋 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯːɡ) : phonetic 力 (OC *rɯɡ) + semantic 肉 (“meat; body part”) ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lak⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laak⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : li̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liak • Middle-Chinese : lok ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄜ rib ‖ Only used in 肋脦 (lēte). ‖ 肋(あばら) • (abara) ‖ 肋(ばら) or 肋(バラ) • (bara) rib ‖ short for 肋骨 (abarabone): rib (body part) ‖ short for 肋肉 (baraniku): rib (meat, generally beef or pork) 肋 (eumhun 갈비 륵 (galbi reuk), word-initial (South Korea) 갈비 늑 (galbi neuk)) hanja form of 륵/늑 (“rib”) Hán-Nôm : lặc 肋
肚 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔl'aːʔ, *l'aːʔ) : semantic ⺼ + phonetic 土 (OC *l̥ʰaːʔ, *l'aːʔ). \ A post-classical word. Compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *l-tjwa (“mouth; beak; food; stomach”), whence Tibetan ལྟོ་བ (lto ba, “stomach; belly”) (STEDT). Compare also Proto-Tai *dwuːŋꟲ (“belly”) (whence Thai ท้อง (tɔ́ɔng)) and Proto-Kam-Sui *luŋ² (“stomach”), as Middle Chinese shangsheng corresponds to foreign -ŋ in some words (Schuessler, 2007). \ Some dialects have different pronunciations for the two senses, "abdomen; belly (of a human)" and "stomach (of an animal)", derived from two different readings in Middle Chinese that differed in the voicing of the initial consonant. \ * In Mandarin, the pronunciation for the former sense derives from the 徒古切 reading in Middle Chinese (i.e. the reading with voiced initial /d/) and the pronunciation for the latter sense derives from the 當古切 (i.e. the reading with voiceless initial /t/) reading. \ * In Min Nan, the pronunciation for the former sense derives from the 當古切 reading and the pronunciation for latter sense derives from the 徒古切 reading. \ * Cantonese uses the same pronunciation for both senses, derived from the 徒古切 reading. \ * Hakka also uses the same pronunciation for both senses, but it is instead derived from the 當古切 reading. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔl'aːʔ, *l'aːʔ) : semantic ⺼ + phonetic 土 (OC *l̥ʰaːʔ, *l'aːʔ). \ A post-classical word. Compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *l-tjwa (“mouth; beak; food; stomach”), whence Tibetan ལྟོ་བ (lto ba, “stomach; belly”) (STEDT). Compare also Proto-Tai *dwuːŋꟲ (“belly”) (whence Thai ท้อง (tɔ́ɔng)) and Proto-Kam-Sui *luŋ² (“stomach”), as Middle Chinese shangsheng corresponds to foreign -ŋ in some words (Schuessler, 2007). \ Some dialects have different pronunciations for the two senses, "abdomen; belly (of a human)" and "stomach (of an animal)", derived from two different readings in Middle Chinese that differed in the voicing of the initial consonant. \ * In Mandarin, the pronunciation for the former sense derives from the 徒古切 reading in Middle Chinese (i.e. the reading with voiced initial /d/) and the pronunciation for the latter sense derives from the 當古切 (i.e. the reading with voiceless initial /t/) reading. \ * In Min Nan, the pronunciation for the former sense derives from the 當古切 reading and the pronunciation for latter sense derives from the 徒古切 reading. \ * Cantonese uses the same pronunciation for both senses, derived from the 徒古切 reading. \ * Hakka also uses the same pronunciation for both senses, but it is instead derived from the 當古切 reading. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǒo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tōo • Middle-Chinese : duX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨˇㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tóo • Middle-Chinese : tuX belly; abdomen; bowels • bulge; protrusion • (Southern Min, Eastern Min) tripe; animal stomach (as food) • heart; mind ‖ (obsolete or Southern Min) belly; abdomen • tripe; animal stomach (as food) • (Southern Min) bulge; protrusion ‖ 肚(と) • (to) ‖ abdomen, belly 肚 • (du) · 肚 • (du) (hangeul 두, revised du, McCune–Reischauer tu, Yale twu) Hán-Nôm : đỗ 肚
肛 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kroːŋ, *qʰroːŋ) : semantic 肉 (“flesh; body”) + phonetic 工 (OC *koːŋ). \ Unclear. A relatively late word, not attested until the Middle Chinese period. \ Schuessler (2007) suggests that it may be related to Tibetan གཞང (gzhang, “anus”), but the vowels pose a problem in phonological correspondence (STEDT). \ It may be in the same family as 空 (OC *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs, “empty; hollow”) and 孔 (OC *kʰloːŋʔ, “hole”), which both are derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)uŋ (“hole; orifice”), but STEDT suggests that Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k(w)a(ŋ/k) (“waist; hips; buttocks; tail; back”) may be a better etymon. ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : gong¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄤ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kàng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kāng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄤ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄤ • Middle-Chinese : kaewng • Middle-Chinese : xaewng anus • (neologism, slang) to have anal sex; to anal ‖ (obsolete, rare) to be swollen anus • to swell 肛 (eumhun 항문 항 (hangmun hang)) hanja form of 항 (“anus”) canonical : 肛: Hán Việt readings: giang • canonical : xoang • canonical : khang • canonical : soang • canonical : cương 肛: Nôm readings: giang • canonical : dom chữ Hán form of giang (“anus”). • Nôm form of dom (“anus”). 肛
肴 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢraːw) : phonetic 爻 (OC *ɢraːw) + semantic ⺼ (“meat”) – meat dishes. \ Current form resembles 乂 + 有 – the lower 乂 of 爻 has moved to the side and down. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngaau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngâu • Middle-Chinese : haew prepared meat ‖ 肴(さかな) • (sakana) ‖ 肴(な) • (na) ‖ fish • a side dish served with alcoholic beverages: not necessarily fish, may be a vegetable or other meat • entertainment at a drinking party ‖ a side dish, be it meat or fish or greens 肴 • (hyo) · 肴 • (hyo) (hangeul 효, revised hyo, McCune–Reischauer hyo, Yale hyo) 肴
胖 Characters in the same phonetic series (半) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰaːns) : semantic 肉 + phonetic 半 (OC *paːns). \ According to STEDT, possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-bʷam ~ s-bʷap. ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bun⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pun³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phàng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pun⁴ (of a person) fat ‖ comfortable; at ease ‖ 胖(ゆたか) • (Yutaka) fat, plump • abundant ‖ a male given name 胖 • (ban) · 胖 • (ban) (hangeul 반, revised ban, McCune–Reischauer pan, Yale pan) Hán-Nôm : bàn • Hán-Nôm : bỡn • Hán-Nôm : ban • Hán-Nôm : béo • Hán-Nôm : phạng • Hán-Nôm : phàng • Hán-Nôm : pháng 胖
胚 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pui¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bui¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phue • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pher • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phi embryo • unfinished things ‖ 胚(はい) • (hai) embryo ‖ embryo 胚 (eum 배 (bae)) embryo Hán-Nôm : phôi • Hán-Nôm : phui embryo 胚
胰 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : î • Middle-Chinese : yij (anatomy) pancreas • (dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Hakka, Jin) soap 胰
胳 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *klaːɡ) : semantic 肉 (“flesh”) + phonetic 各 (OC *klaːɡ). \ Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *lak ~ *C-jak (“arm; hand; wing”). Sagart (1999) considers it to be a prefixed form of a root *lak, found unprefixed as 亦 (OC *ᵇlak, “armpit”) and with a loosely attached prefix as *ᵃkə-lak, preserved in some southern varieties, such as Cantonese 胳肋底 (gaak3 laak6-1 dai2), Eastern Min 胳腋下 (gó̤k-lŏ̤k-â). In the new reconstruction by Baxter and Sagart (2014), the connection to 亦 (OC *[ɢ](r)Ak) is still implied (cf. Sagart, 2007), but the comparison to the forms in the southern varieties no longer holds (Hill, 2019). Zhang, Jacques and Lai (2019) compare it with Tibetan ལག (lag, “arm”), Japhug tɯ-jaʁ (“arm”) and suggest that the comparisons are more compatible with an Old Chinese reconstruction such as *klˁak. \ Alternatively, Schuessler (2007) reconstructs the Old Chinese minimally as *kâk < *klak and posits an Austroasiatic origin, comparing it to Proto-Monic *knlak (“popliteal space; armpit”), Khmer ក្លៀក (kliək, “armpit”), both from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kʔik ~ *kʔiək ~ *kʔaik (“armpit”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *klaːɡ) : semantic 肉 (“flesh”) + phonetic 各 (OC *klaːɡ). \ Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *lak ~ *C-jak (“arm; hand; wing”). Sagart (1999) considers it to be a prefixed form of a root *lak, found unprefixed as 亦 (OC *ᵇlak, “armpit”) and with a loosely attached prefix as *ᵃkə-lak, preserved in some southern varieties, such as Cantonese 胳肋底 (gaak3 laak6-1 dai2), Eastern Min 胳腋下 (gó̤k-lŏ̤k-â). In the new reconstruction by Baxter and Sagart (2014), the connection to 亦 (OC *[ɢ](r)Ak) is still implied (cf. Sagart, 2007), but the comparison to the forms in the southern varieties no longer holds (Hill, 2019). Zhang, Jacques and Lai (2019) compare it with Tibetan ལག (lag, “arm”), Japhug tɯ-jaʁ (“arm”) and suggest that the comparisons are more compatible with an Old Chinese reconstruction such as *klˁak. \ Alternatively, Schuessler (2007) reconstructs the Old Chinese minimally as *kâk < *klak and posits an Austroasiatic origin, comparing it to Proto-Monic *knlak (“popliteal space; armpit”), Khmer ក្លៀក (kliək, “armpit”), both from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kʔik ~ *kʔiək ~ *kʔaik (“armpit”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *klaːɡ) : semantic 肉 (“flesh”) + phonetic 各 (OC *klaːɡ). \ Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *lak ~ *C-jak (“arm; hand; wing”). Sagart (1999) considers it to be a prefixed form of a root *lak, found unprefixed as 亦 (OC *ᵇlak, “armpit”) and with a loosely attached prefix as *ᵃkə-lak, preserved in some southern varieties, such as Cantonese 胳肋底 (gaak3 laak6-1 dai2), Eastern Min 胳腋下 (gó̤k-lŏ̤k-â). In the new reconstruction by Baxter and Sagart (2014), the connection to 亦 (OC *[ɢ](r)Ak) is still implied (cf. Sagart, 2007), but the comparison to the forms in the southern varieties no longer holds (Hill, 2019). Zhang, Jacques and Lai (2019) compare it with Tibetan ལག (lag, “arm”), Japhug tɯ-jaʁ (“arm”) and suggest that the comparisons are more compatible with an Old Chinese reconstruction such as *klˁak. \ Alternatively, Schuessler (2007) reconstructs the Old Chinese minimally as *kâk < *klak and posits an Austroasiatic origin, comparing it to Proto-Monic *knlak (“popliteal space; armpit”), Khmer ក្លៀក (kliək, “armpit”), both from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kʔik ~ *kʔiək ~ *kʔaik (“armpit”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaak³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gok³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lok³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : koh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kok • Middle-Chinese : kak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaak³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaak³ ^⁜ (anatomy) armpit • ^⁜ (anatomy) arm ‖ Only used in 胳肢 (gézhi, “to tickle”). ‖ Only used in 胳肢窩／胳肢窝 (gāzhiwō). armpit • arms 胳
胴 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dung⁶ • Middle-Chinese : duwngH torso; trunk • (literary) large intestine ‖ 胴(どう) • (dō) ‖ body, torso, trunk 胴 • (dong) · 胴 • (dong) (hangeul 동, revised dong, McCune–Reischauer tong, Yale tong) 胴
脆 Originally 脃. Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰods) : semantic ⺼ (“meat”) + abbreviated phonetic 絕 (OC *zod). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshèr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshè • Middle-Chinese : tshjwejH brittle; fragile • (of food) crisp; crispy • (of voices) clear; crisp • (of speech or action) neat; quick; concise brittle • fragile • easy to beat • sentimental • susceptible 脆 (eumhun 연(軟)할 취 (yeonhal chwi)) crisp • fragile, frail • brittle Hán-Nôm : thúy • Hán-Nôm : thuý 脆
脖 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bɯːd) : semantic ⺼ (“flesh”) + phonetic 孛 (OC *bɯːds, *bɯːd). \ Attested since the Yuan dynasty. Zhengzhang (2002) proposes that it comes from 襮 (OC *poːwɢ, “embroidered collar”). Sheng (2010) points out that it is unlikely because of the rare literary usage of 襮 in the literature compared to the explosive vernacular usage of 脖 since the Yuan dynasty; he instead proposes that it may be from Proto-Turkic *bōyn (“neck”), but also see Wang (2016) and Sun and Du (2022) for some difficulties with the Turkic hypothesis. ‖ Benedict (1979) relates this word to Tibetan དབུས (dbus, “middle; centre”). Alternatively, Schuessler (2007) relates this word to Proto-Monic *p[r/m]nus (“navel”). Cantonese · Jyutping : but⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pu̍t ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : but⁶ • Middle-Chinese : bwot neck ‖ Used in words meaning “navel”. 脖 • (bal) · 脖 • (bal) (hangeul 발, revised bal, McCune–Reischauer pal, Yale pal) Hán-Nôm : bột • Hán-Nôm : bộp 脖
脚 Variant of 腳. ‖ 脚(あし) • (ashi) ‖ 脚(きゃく) • (-kyaku) ‖ 脚(きゃく) • (-kyaku) ‖ Alternative spelling of 足 (“foot; leg”) ‖ counter for desks, chairs, long-stemmed glasses ‖ (martial arts) used in the names of moves that involve kicking 脚 (eumhun 다리 각 (dari gak)) hanja form of 각 (“base; leg; foundation”) [affix] 脚
脣 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɦljun) : phonetic 辰 (OC *djɯn) + semantic 肉 (“flesh”). \ Original meaning was apparently “edge”. Related to 漘 (OC *ɦljun, “bank of a river”), 宸 (OC *djɯn, “eave (i.e. edge of a roof)”) and 胗 (OC *kljɯnʔ, *klɯnʔ, “ulcer of the lip”) (Wang, 1982). \ Further etymology is not clear. The various theories are: \ * Schuessler (2007): Related to Lepcha ᰣᰌᰫᰯ (a-dul, “lips”) < root ᰌᰫᰯ (dul) (STEDT derives this from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-ts(j)ul (“lip; beak”)). \ * Benedict (1972): Related to Tibetan མཆུ (mchu, “lips; beak of a bird”) (derived from the same Sino-Tibetan etymon in STEDT). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄣˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tûn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sûn • Middle-Chinese : zywin (anatomy) lip • (figurative) lip-shaped thing • (literary or Hakka, Southern Min) side; edge 脣 (eumhun 입술 순 (ipsul sun)) hanja form of 순 (“lip”) romanization : thần 脣
脯 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *baː, *paʔ) : semantic ⺼ + phonetic 甫 (OC *paʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *baː, *paʔ) : semantic ⺼ + phonetic 甫 (OC *paʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phôo • Middle-Chinese : pjuX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : pou² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : póo • Middle-Chinese : pjuX chest; breast ‖ dried meat • sun-dried candied fruit; preserved fruit 脯 (eumhun 포 포 (po po)) hanja form of 포 (“dried meat”) 脯
脱 ‖ 脱(だつ) • (datsu-) ‖ de- (undoing of something) canonical : 脱: Hán Việt readings: thoát 脱: Nôm readings: thoắt • canonical : thoát • canonical : thoạt • canonical : thót chữ Hán form of thoát (“to escape; to exit”). • Nôm form of thoắt. 脱
脾 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *be) : semantic ⺼ (“organ”) + phonetic 卑 (OC *pe). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-paj (“spleen”) (STEDT). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phî • Middle-Chinese : bjie (～臟) (traditional Chinese medicine) a functionally defined organ of the digestive system, corresponding largely to the anatomical organ of the pancreas • (～臟) (Western medicine, anatomy) spleen • (figurative) disposition; liking; temperament ‖ 脾(よこし) • (yokoshi) ‖ (anatomy) spleen 脾 (eumhun 지라 비 (jira bi)) hanja form of 비 (“spleen”) Hán-Nôm : tì • Hán-Nôm : tỳ 脾
腋 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *laːɡ) : semantic 肉 (“flesh”) + phonetic 夜 (OC *laːɡs). \ Originally written 亦, see there for more. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *lak ~ *C-jak (“arm; hand; wing”), either via *jak (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007) or *lak (Shi, 2000; Handel, 2009). Compare Mizo zak (“armpit”), Tibetan ལག་པ (lag pa, “arm; hand”), Burmese လက် (lak, “arm; hand”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : i̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia̍k • Middle-Chinese : yek armpit; underarm; axilla • (botany) axil • Alternative form of 掖 (“to help; to assist”) armpit, underarm, axilla 腋 (eumhun 겨드랑이 액 (gyeodeurang'i aek)) hanja form of 액 (“armpit”) Hán-Nôm : dạ • Hán-Nôm : dịch • Hán-Nôm : nách • Hán-Nôm : nịch Nôm form of nách (“armpit”). 腋
腎 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡjinʔ) : phonetic 臤 (OC *kʰaːn, *kʰriːn, *ɡiːn, *kʰins) + semantic ⺼ (“meat; flesh”) – a body part, the kidneys. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-k(j)un (“kidney”). Cognate with Burmese ကုန်း (kun:, “back”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄣˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sīn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siǎn • Middle-Chinese : dzyinX (anatomy) kidney • (traditional Chinese medicine) testicle • (Cantonese) gizzard • (Hong Kong Cantonese, Internet slang, humorous) Deliberate misspelling of 賢／贤 (xián). ‖ 腎(むらと) • (murato) ‖ 腎(むらど) • (murado) ‖ (obsolete) kidney ‖ (obsolete) kidney 腎 (eumhun 콩팥 신 (kongpat sin)) hanja form of 신 (“kidney”) Hán-Nôm : thận chữ Hán form of thận (“kidney”). 腎
腔 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰroːŋ) : semantic 肉 (“meat; flesh”) + phonetic 空 (OC *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs, “empty; hollow”). \ Cognate with 空 (OC *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs, “empty; hollow”) (Wang, 1982). Cantonese · Jyutping : hong¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄤ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄤㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khionn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiaunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khang • Middle-Chinese : khaewng (literary, or in compounds) cavity; hollow in body • (chiefly Chinese opera) tune; melody • (linguistics) accent of one's speech • (Chuqu Wu) speech; dialect; language • (literary, or in compounds) speech; talk cavity 腔 (eumhun 속 빌 강 (sok bil gang)) hanja form of 강 (“cavity; hollow in body”) Hán-Nôm : xoang • Hán-Nôm : khang • Hán-Nôm : xăng • Hán-Nôm : xang 腔
腥 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *seːŋ, *seːŋs) : semantic 肉 (“meat; flesh”) + phonetic 星 (OC *sleːŋ) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seng¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sing¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshenn • Middle-Chinese : seng • Middle-Chinese : sengH fishy smell • having a fishy smell • meat; fish • (archaic) raw meat; uncooked meat ‖ 腥(なまぐさ) • (namagusa) smelly, as of raw fish or meat ‖ a smell of fish, meat, or blood • a stink, a bad smell 腥 • (seong) · 腥 • (seong) (hangeul 성, revised seong, McCune–Reischauer sŏng, Yale seng) Hán-Nôm : tinh • Hán-Nôm : tanh 腥
腦 Originally 匘, an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 匕 + 巛 (“hair”) + 囟 (“head; fontanel”). 匕 was later replaced with 肉 (“flesh”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-nəw-k. Cognate with Burmese ဦးနှောက် (u:hnauk), Nuosu ꀑꆊ (o not, “brain”), Jingpho nu' (“brain”), Drung unu (“brain; mind”), Japhug tɯrnoʁ, S'gaw Karen ခိၣ်နူာ် (khoh̀noọ, “brain”). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nou⁵ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄠˇㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : náu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ló • Middle-Chinese : nawX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄠˋ • Middle-Chinese : nawH (anatomy) brain (Classifier: 個／个 m c) • head • brains; mind • to smash one's head • core; central part • (in compounds) brain-like object or substance • (in compounds) essence • (Hong Kong Cantonese) Short for 電腦／电脑 (din⁶ nou⁵, “computer”). (Classifier: 部 c) ‖ Kyūjitai form of 脳 腦 (eumhun 머릿골 뇌 (meoritgol noe)) hanja form of 뇌 (“brain”) [noun] Hán-Nôm : não ‖ ‖ chữ Hán form of não (“brain”). 腦
腫 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjoŋʔ) : semantic 肉 (“meat, flesh”) + phonetic 重 (OC *doŋ, *doŋʔ, *doŋs). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄥˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsíng • Middle-Chinese : tsyowngX to be swollen; to swell ‖ 腫(しゅ) • (shu) ‖ 腫(しゅ) • (-shu) tumor, growth; swelling ‖ tumor, growth ‖ tumor • type of cancer 腫 (eumhun 부스럼 종 (buseureom jong)) hanja form of 종 (“tumour”) Hán-Nôm : thũng • Hán-Nôm : sũng • Hán-Nôm : thõng • Hán-Nôm : thủng • Hán-Nôm : thuỗn • Hán-Nôm : sõng 腫
腮 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄞ • Cantonese · Jyutping : soi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sai (anatomy) cheek • (anatomy) lower part of face; jaw • Alternative form of 鰓／鳃 (“gills of a fish”) Hán-Nôm : tai 腮
腿 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *n̥ʰuːlʔ) : semantic 肉 (“flesh”) + phonetic 退 (OC *n̥ʰuːbs). \ Originally 骽 (OC *n̥ʰuːlʔ). Cantonese · Jyutping : teoi² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄟˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuí • Middle-Chinese : thwojX leg (Classifier: 條／条) • base; leg; foundation • (in compounds) ham • (Xiang) to joke ‖ 腿(もも) • (momo) ‖ a thigh • knees 腿 (eumhun 넓적다리 퇴 (neopjeokdari toe)) hanja form of 퇴 (“thigh”) Hán-Nôm : thối • Hán-Nôm : thoái • Hán-Nôm : thói • Hán-Nôm : thỗi • Hán-Nôm : thoãi 腿
膀 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *baːŋ) : semantic 肉 (“meat; flesh”) + phonetic 旁 (OC *baːŋ). \ Probably cognate with 膊 (Schuessler, 2007). \ Alternatively, it may be related to etymology 3 since the shoulders are on two sides (Liu, 1999). ‖ ‖ Cognate with 旁 (OC *baːŋ, “side”) (Liu, 1999). ‖ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : bong² • Cantonese · Jyutping : pong⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄤˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄤˇㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : póng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phōng • Middle-Chinese : bang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pong⁴ • Middle-Chinese : bang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pong¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄤˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄤˇ upper arm; shoulder • wing ‖ Only used in 膀胱 (pángguāng). ‖ flank; side of one's torso ‖ (chiefly Mandarin, colloquial) swollen; puffed ‖ Only used in 吊膀子 (diào bàngzi) and 膀子吊. 膀 (eumhun 오줌통 방 (ojumtong bang)) hanja form of 방 (“bladder”) 膀
膊 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰaːɡ) : semantic 肉 (“body”) + phonetic 尃 (OC *pʰa). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *p(r)ak ~ *r-pak (“shoulder”). Cognate with 髆 (OC *paːɡ, “shoulder blade; shoulder”). Probably cognate with 膀 (bǎng, “upper arm; shoulder”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-pak (“to separate; to dismantle; to collapse”). ‖ ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pok ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄛˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Middle-Chinese : phak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄝˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ arm; upper arm • (dialectal) shoulder • (by extension) upper body ‖ ^† to dismember • ^† sun-dried meat that is cut up ‖ ^† Alternative form of 脖 (bó, “neck”) ‖ ^† boundary; border ‖ ^‡ elder brother 膊 • (bak) · 膊 • (bak) (hangeul 박, revised bak, McCune–Reischauer pak, Yale pak) 膊
膏 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːw, *kaːws) : phonetic 高 (OC *kaːw) + semantic 肉 (“meat”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːw, *kaːws) : phonetic 高 (OC *kaːw) + semantic 肉 (“meat”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gou¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ko • Hokkien · Tai-lo : koo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kō • Middle-Chinese : kaw ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gou³ • Middle-Chinese : kawH fat; grease; oil • fatty; oily; rich • paste; cream; ointment; poultice • sleek; glossy • fertile • (historical) fatty tissue located at the tip of the heart ‖ to moisten; to grease; to lubricate • to apply (cream, ointment) • to dip a brush in ink 膏 • (go) · 膏 • (go) (hangeul 고, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko) canonical : 膏: Hán Việt readings: cao 膏
膚 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 肉 (“meat”) + abbreviated 盧 (“vessel; rice bowl”) — skin, which covers the innards like the exterior of a rice bowl. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *p(r/j)a (“skin”) (STEDT). This form likely represents the root while 皮 (OC *bral) is its derivative with a voicing prefix, most likely PST *m-, found in several OC words for body parts like 鼻 (OC *m-bi[t]-s, “nose”), 肚 (OC *m-tˤaʔ, “belly”), 右 (OC *[ɢ]ʷəʔ-s (~ *m-qʷəʔ), “right-hand”) and 頭 (OC *[m-t]ˤo, “head”) (Baxter & Sagart, 2014). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hu • Middle-Chinese : pju skin • superficial; shallow • great • (alt. form 扶) ancient unit of length equal to the width of four fingers hanja form of 부 (“skin”) 膚
膛 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : phonetic 肉 (OC *njuɡ, “flesh, meat”) + semantic 堂. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tn̂g Hán-Nôm : thang • Hán-Nôm : đường 膛
膳 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djens) : semantic ⺼ + phonetic 善 (OC *ɡjenʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siān • Middle-Chinese : dzyenH to prepare food • to offer food • meal ‖ 膳(ぜん) • (zen) ‖ 膳(ぜん) • (-zen) small table; tray ‖ small Japanese meal tray • a prepared meal, (especially) food a drink arranged on such a tray ‖ pairs of chopsticks • bowls of rice 膳 (eumhun 반찬 선 (banchan seon)) · 膳 (eumhun 선물 선 (seonmul seon)) hanja form of 선 (“meal”) • hanja form of 선 (“gift; present”) romanization : thiện 膳
臀 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *duːn) : phonetic 殿 (OC *tɯːns, *dɯːns) + semantic 肉 (“flesh”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-t(u/i)l (“buttocks; heel; dull; blunt; rounded part”). Compare Manipuri ꯊꯨꯟ (thoon, “buttocks”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄣˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thûn • Middle-Chinese : dwon buttocks; bottom butt, buttocks, rear 臀 (eumhun 볼기 둔 (bolgi dun)) hanja form of 둔 (“buttocks”) Hán-Nôm : đồn 臀
臂 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *peɡs) : phonetic 辟 (OC *peɡ, *pʰeɡ, *beɡ) + semantic 肉 (“meat; flesh”). \ Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *p-jak (“arm”), whence Lepcha [script needed] (pek), Limbu [script needed] (phuk-bek), Tibetan ཕྱག (phyag, “hand; arm”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄅㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pì • Middle-Chinese : pjieH (anatomy) arm ‖ 臂(ひじ) • (hiji) ^(←ひぢ (fidi)?) ‖ Alternative spelling of 肘 臂 (eumhun 팔 비 (pal bi)) hanja form of 비 (“arm”) Hán-Nôm : tý • Hán-Nôm : tí 臂
臆 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qɯɡ) : semantic 肉 (“body”) + phonetic 意 (OC *qɯɡs). \ Compare Proto-Tai *ʔɤkᴰ (“chest”), whence Thai อก (òk). Cognate with 意 (OC *qɯɡs, “mind”) and 憶 (OC *qɯɡ, “to remember”). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iak • Middle-Chinese : 'ik ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : ioh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ip chest; breast; bosom • thought ‖ (Southern Min) to guess • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to purchase objects by quantity and not by weight ‖ 臆(おく) • (oku) chest; breast; heart • to repress one's mind; to be hesitant in one's thoughts • timid; nervous; afraid ‖ chest • guess; conjecture • timid; nervous 臆 (eumhun 가슴 억 (gaseum eok)) hanja form of 억 (“chest”) Hán-Nôm : ức 臆
臟 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zaːŋs) : semantic ⺼ (“flesh”) + phonetic 藏 (OC *zaːŋ, *zaːŋs). \ Specializational glyph of 藏 (OC *zaːŋs). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄤˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsn̄g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsōng internal organs; viscera • (Northern Min) intestines; guts intestines • entrails 臟 (eum 장 (jang)) Hán-Nôm : tạng 臟
舀 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 爪 (“hand”) + 臼 (“mortar, vessel”). \ Related to 揄 (OC *l'oː, *l'oːʔ, *lu, *lo, “to scoop out”) (Schuessler, 2007). Compare Mizo lâwk, lawh (“to scoop up; to shovel up”), Mon ဂၠံက် (“to scoop up; to scoop out”) (Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ió • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iónn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iúnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iáu • Middle-Chinese : yu • Middle-Chinese : yuw • Middle-Chinese : yewX to scoop; to ladle dip • ladle 舀 • (yo) · 舀 • (yo) (hangeul 요, revised yo, McCune–Reischauer yo, Yale yo) ladle out • spoon out Hán-Nôm : yểu • Hán-Nôm : ửu 舀
舅 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡuʔ) : phonetic 臼 (OC *ɡuʔ) + semantic 男 (“male; man”). \ Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)əw-n (“elder brother; senior male relative”); compare Tibetan ཨ་ཁུ (a khu), ཁུ་བོ (khu bo, “father's brother”) (Sagart, 2017d; STEDT). Possibly related to 舊 (OC *ɡʷɯs, “old; ancient”), 昆 (OC *kuːn, “elder brother”) (Sagart, 1999; STEDT); see there for more. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄡˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kǔ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiǔ • Middle-Chinese : gjuwX maternal uncle (mother's brother) • brother-in-law (wife's brother) • father-in-law (wife's father or husband's father) • feudal prince of a different surname (to an emperor) • official of a different surname (to a feudal prince) • a surname • (Taiwan, botany) used in plant names to indicate naming after a similar species ‖ 舅(しひと) • (shihito) ‖ 舅(しゅうと) • (shūto) ^(←しうと (siuto)?) ‖ a father-in-law ‖ a father-in-law 舅 • (gu) · 舅 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu) canonical : 舅: Hán Việt readings: cữu 舅: Nôm readings: cậu • canonical : cữu Nôm form of cậu (“maternal uncle, young male master, younger male stranger”). 舅
與 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *la, *laʔ, *las) : phonetic 舁 (OC *la) + semantic 牙. \ ; "to be with; to associate with" \ ; "to give" ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *la, *laʔ, *las) : phonetic 舁 (OC *la) + semantic 牙. \ ; "to be with; to associate with" \ ; "to give" ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *la, *laʔ, *las) : phonetic 舁 (OC *la) + semantic 牙. \ ; "to be with; to associate with" \ ; "to give" Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : í • Middle-Chinese : yoX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : í • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ī • Middle-Chinese : yoH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : û • Hokkien · Tai-lo : î • Middle-Chinese : yo to give; to offer • to agree; to allow; to permit • to help; to support • to get close to • to follow • to befriend; to get along with; to associate with • to fight • to deal with; to cope • to compare • to wait • to choose; to elect • clique • allied country • with • for • (passive) by • used to introduce the recipient of an action • and (used to connect two nouns) • (logic) AND; conjunction • rather than • Same as 舉／举 (jǔ) • a surname ‖ to participate • to interfere ‖ (Classical, alt. form 歟／欤) Sentence-final particle used to express an exclamatory, doubtful or questioning tone participate in • give • award • impart • provide • cause 與 (eumhun 더불 여 (deobul yeo)) · 與 (eumhun 줄 여 (jul yeo)) ‖ 與 (eumhun 참여할 여 (chamyeohal yeo)) ‖ 與 • (yeo) (hangeul 여) hanja form of 여 (“and; with; to; for”) [affix] • hanja form of 여 (“to give; to grant”) [affix] ‖ hanja form of 여 (“to participate”) [affix] ‖ (in news headlines) Short for 與(여)黨(당) (yeodang, “(politics) the ruling party”). Hán-Nôm : dữ • Hán-Nôm : trở 與
舊 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷɯs) : semantic 雈 (“owl”) + phonetic 臼 (OC *ɡuʔ). \ Originally refers to a type of owl; later borrowed for a homophonous word meaning "old." The upper portion frequently appears as 萑 (a type of grass). \ Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)əw-n (“elder brother; senior male relative”), which is also compared to 舅 (OC *ɡuʔ, “maternal uncle”), 昆 (OC *kuːn, “elder brother”) (Sagart, 1999; STEDT). \ Baxter and Sagart (2014) compares it to 久 (OC *[k]ʷəʔ). See there for more. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄡˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiū • Middle-Chinese : gjuwH old; former; past • old; used; worn • former; once-existing • old friend or friendship, or things in the past • (dialectal) last; previous ‖ old ‖ 舊 (eumhun 예 구 (ye gu)) hanja form of 예 (“old”) Hán-Nôm : cựu • Hán-Nôm : lâu 舊
舒 phonetic 舍 (OC *hljaːʔ, *hljaːs) + phonetic 予 (OC *la, *laʔ) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshir • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : soo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : su • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sir • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si • Middle-Chinese : syo to open up; to unfold; to stretch out; to relax • (Eastern Min, Puxian Min, Hokkien, Teochew) to spread (a mat, a blanket, etc.) • slow • comfortable; leisurely; easy • a surname 舒 • (seo) · 舒 • (seo) (hangeul 서, revised seo, McCune–Reischauer sŏ, Yale se) Hán-Nôm : thư • Hán-Nôm : thơ (only in compounds) chữ Hán form of thư (“idle, unoccupied, to relax”). 舒
舔 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰiːmʔ) : semantic 舌 (“tongue”) + phonetic 忝 (OC *l̥ʰiːmʔ, *l̥ʰiːms). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ljam (“tongue; flame”). The Cantonese vernacular reading (Guangzhou lim² or lem²; Taishan liam²) preserves the Old Chinese lateral initial *l̥-. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiám (transitive) to lick • (figurative, slang, transitive) to suck up to; to brownnose Hán-Nôm : thiểm • Hán-Nôm : liếm • Hán-Nôm : thiêm 舔
舵 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'aːlʔ) : semantic 舟 (“boat”) + phonetic 它 (OC *l̥ʰaːl). \ Attested late, in Shiming as 柂 and Guangyun as 舵. \ Shiming connects it to 拖 (OC *l̥ˤaj, “to drag, to pull, to haul”). Meanwhile, Schuessler (2007) considers it an areal word; compare Vietnamese lái (“to drive (a wheeled vehicle), to steer (a vessel), etc.”) and Thai ท้าย (táai, “stern; back; rear end”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄛˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tō • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǒ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǒo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuǎ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuǎnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tāi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǎi • Middle-Chinese : daX (nautical, aeronautics) rudder; helm • (Cantonese) steering (of a vehicle) ‖ 舵(かじ) • (kaji) ^(←かぢ (kadi)?) rudder, tiller, helm ‖ (nautical) the rudder of a boat or ship • (nautical, aeronautics) the helm, tiller, or wheel of a boat or ship, or of an aircraft • (figurative) a position of leadership or control • (nautical) a single oar-like device attached to the back of a small boat and swept from side to side to propel the boat forward 舵 (eumhun 키 타 (ki ta)) hanja form of 타 (“rudder, tiller, helm”) canonical : 舵: Hán Việt readings: đà 舵
舷 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kînn • Middle-Chinese : hen sides of a boat (i.e. port and starboard) • (Southern Min) side; edge 舷 (eumhun 뱃전 현 (baetjeon hyeon)) hanja form of 현 (“the sides of a boat”) 舷
艘 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *suːw, *sɯːw) : semantic 舟 (“boat”) + phonetic 叟 (OC *suːʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄡ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau² • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : só • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : so • Middle-Chinese : sew Classifier for boats, ships, vessels. • (literary) ship ‖ 艘(そう) • (-sō) ‖ small boats 艘 (eum 소 (so)) Hán-Nôm : sưu 艘
艦 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡraːmʔ) : semantic 舟 + phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms). \ "Warship (with boards installed on its four sides to defend against arrow attacks)" (Shiming) > "warship" > "ship" (Guangya). A specialised character derived from 檻 (OC *ɡraːmʔ, *ɡraːms, “fence, railing, board”); see there for more on the external etymology. \ This character is a classic example of historical misreadings of unfamiliar characters. The l- initial in southern dialects is probably due to confusion with 濫 (MC lamH, “to overflow”), not due to divergent evolutions of the Old Chinese cluster initial *gr- as this character is often cited as an example of. Likewise, the readings in other Chinese are misreadings, although this is more subtle. Expected Mandarin reflex is xiàn, and jiàn is due to confusion with 鑑 (MC kaemH, “mirror; to reflect”). Wu and Eastern Min readings are results of confusion with 檻 (MC haemX, “doorsill”). Despite these irregularities, all the Sinoxenic readings are regular. Cantonese · Jyutping : laam⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lām • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hām • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kàm • Middle-Chinese : haemX warship ‖ 艦(かん) • (kan) ‖ warship 艦 (eumhun 싸움배 함 (ssaumbae ham)) hanja form of 함 (“warship”) [noun] Hán-Nôm : hạm 艦
艾 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːds, *ŋads) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 乂 (OC *ŋads). ‖ From 愛. See 愛滋病 for more. ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngaai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiānn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gāi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngāi • Middle-Chinese : ngajH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngaai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ài ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngaai⁶ • Middle-Chinese : ngjojH mugwort, especially Chinese mugwort (Artemisia argyi) • (obsolete) green • (literary) pale; greyish white • (literary) elderly person • (literary) to end; to stop • (literary) beautiful lady • (obsolete) to nurture; to foster • (historical) an ancient place in modern-day Xiushui County, Jiangxi • (historical) a mountain in modern-day Xintai, Shandong • a surname ‖ Only used in 艾滋病 (àizībìng). ‖ Alternative form of 刈 (yì, “to mow; to harvest; to chop; to exterminate; sickle”) • Alternative form of 乂 (“to govern; to control; to pacify; to admonish”) ‖ 艾(もぐさ) • (mogusa) ‖ 艾(よもぎ) • (yomogi) artemisia; mugwort, sagebrush, wormwood ‖ mugwort ‖ mugwort 艾 (eumhun 쑥 애 (ssuk ae)) ‖ 艾 (eumhun 다스릴 예 (daseuril ye)) moxa, mugwort ‖ Hán-Nôm : ngải • Hán-Nôm : nghệ • Hán-Nôm : nghễ 艾
芒 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *maːŋ, *maŋ) : semantic 艹 (“grass”) + phonetic 亡 (OC *maŋ). \ Unclear. Schuessler (2007) lists two possible comparanda: \ * Proto-Kam-Sui *mpraːŋ¹ (“ear (of grain)”), which may be problematic due to inconsistent phonetic correspondence with the Middle Chinese form; and \ * Burmese အမှင် (a.hmang, “stiff hair; bristles”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ma-ŋ (“beard; moustache”) (STEDT). ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄤˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄤˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bâng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mêe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mê • Middle-Chinese : mjang • Middle-Chinese : mang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄤˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bông ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mong⁴ • Middle-Chinese : mang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : Bông ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fong² (～草) Miscanthus sinensis • (～屬) Miscanthus • awn • edge of a knife • ray; beam (of light) • Alternative form of 茫 (máng, “indistinct”) • Alternative form of 忙 (máng, “hurried”) • (obsolete, alt. form 邙) Short for 北邙山 (Běimángshān). • a surname ‖ Short for 芒果 (mángguǒ, “mango”). ‖ a surname ‖ (Chinese mythology) Mang of Xia (ninth king of the semi-legendary Xia dynasty) ‖ Alternative form of 恍 (huǎng, “indistinct; confused”) (botany) awn 芒 • (mang) · 芒 • (mang) (hangeul 망, revised mang, McCune–Reischauer mang, Yale mang) Hán-Nôm : mang • Hán-Nôm : man • Hán-Nôm : mường • Hán-Nôm : màng • Hán-Nôm : mưng • Hán-Nôm : vong 芒
芙 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phû • Middle-Chinese : bju Only used in 芙蓉 (fúróng) and 芙蕖 (fúqú). 芙 • (bu) · 芙 • (bu) (hangeul 부, revised bu, McCune–Reischauer pu, Yale pu) Hán-Nôm : phù • Hán-Nôm : trầu • Hán-Nôm : giầu 芙
芥 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kreːds) : semantic 艸 (“grass, plant”) + phonetic 介 (OC *kreːds) – a type of plant. \ The meaning "mustard green" is attested earliest in the Book of Rites; "small grass" in Zuo zhuan (Ai 1). \ Schuessler (2007) compares it to Middle Korean 갓 (kas), Proto-Southwestern Tai *ka:tᴰ (> Thai กาด (gàat), Lao ກາດ (kāt), Shan ၵၢတ်ႇ (kàat)), Proto-Vietic *kaːs (> Vietnamese cải, Muong cái, & Thavung kajh¹). However, all those foreign items might have been loaned from Late Old Chinese or Eastern Han Chinese (as proposed by Pittayaporn for *ka:tᴰ), Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄞˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuà • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kài • Middle-Chinese : keajH mustard greens (Brassica juncea) • (literary) small grass • (literary, figurative) triviality mustard • rubbish, trash, dust 芥 • (gae) · 芥 • (gae) (hangeul 개, revised gae, McCune–Reischauer kae, Yale kay) Hán-Nôm : giới 芥
芬 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰɯn) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 分 (OC *pɯn, *bɯns) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hun • Middle-Chinese : phjun fragrance, aroma • fragrant • Short for 芬蘭／芬兰 (Fēnlán, “Finland”). 芬 • (bun) · 芬 • (bun) (hangeul 분, revised bun, McCune–Reischauer pun, Yale pun) Hán-Nôm : phân 芬
芭 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *praː) : semantic 艹 (“grass”) + phonetic 巴 (OC *praː). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *praː) : semantic 艹 (“grass”) + phonetic 巴 (OC *praː). Cantonese · Jyutping : baa¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄚ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pa • Middle-Chinese : pae ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄚ Used in 芭蕉 (bājiāo); also used as its short form. • a kind of fragrant grass ‖ Used in an ancient personal name. • Alternative form of 葩 (pā) banana 芭 • (pa) · 芭 • (pa) (hangeul 파, revised pa, McCune–Reischauer p'a, Yale pha) canonical : 芭: Hán Việt readings: ba 芭: Nôm readings: ba • canonical : bơ chữ Hán form of ba (“banana”). 芭
芹 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯn) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 斤 (OC *kɯn, *kɯns). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄣˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khûn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khîn • Middle-Chinese : gj+n water dropwort (Oenanthe javanica) • celery (Apium graveolens) • (figurative) meager; humble ‖ 芹(せり) or 芹(セリ) • (seri) water dropwort (Oenanthe javanica) ‖ water dropwort, Oenanthe javanica 芹 • (geun) · 芹 • (geun) (hangeul 근, revised geun, McCune–Reischauer kŭn, Yale kun) Hán-Nôm : cần 芹
苑 ‖ ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uán • Middle-Chinese : 'jwonX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun² ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄣˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ park; garden; pasture; preserve • park; garden; pasture; preserve · imperial garden; imperial hunting grounds • (of arts, literature, etc.) center; circle; world ‖ a surname ‖ Alternative form of 菀 (yù, “lush; luxuriant”) ‖ Alternative form of 蘊／蕴 (“to accumulate; to gather”) ‖ garden • farm • park ‖ 苑 • (won) · 苑 • (won) (hangeul 원, revised won, McCune–Reischauer wŏn, Yale wen) romanization : uyển • romanization : oản • romanization : oan 苑
苔 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯː) : semantic 艸 + phonetic 台 (OC *l̥ʰɯː, *l'ɯː, *l'ɯː, *lɯ). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : toi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thî • Middle-Chinese : doj ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄞ • Cantonese · Jyutping : toi¹ moss; lichen ‖ tongue coating; fur ‖ 苔(こけ) • (koke) moss ‖ moss • Synonym of 猿麻桛 (saruogase, “beard moss, Usena”) 苔 • (tae) · 苔 • (tae) (hangeul 태, revised tae, McCune–Reischauer t'ae, Yale thay) Hán-Nôm : đài • Hán-Nôm : đầy • Hán-Nôm : dày • Hán-Nôm : đày • Hán-Nôm : dây • Hán-Nôm : thai 苔
苞 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pruː) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 包 (OC *pruː). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pruː) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 包 (OC *pruː). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pruː) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 包 (OC *pruː). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pôo • Middle-Chinese : paew ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄠˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄠ bulrush (for making mats and straw sandals) • root or stem of plants • growing in profusion; luxuriant; profuse • (botany) bract; bud • Alternative form of 包 (“to wrap up; to surround”) • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 匏 (páo, “gourd”) ‖ Alternative form of 藨 (“bulrush”) ‖ 苞(ほう) • (hō) ^(←はう (fau)?) husk • bract • straw wrapper • souvenir gift • bribe ‖ (botany) bract 苞 • (po) · 苞 • (po) (hangeul 포, revised po, McCune–Reischauer p'o, Yale pho) canonical : 苞: Hán Việt readings: bao 苞: Nôm readings: bèo • canonical : bào • canonical : vầu Nôm form of bèo (“duckweed”). 苞
茁 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄛˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyut³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuat • Middle-Chinese : trwit • Middle-Chinese : tsrweat • Middle-Chinese : tsrjwet 茁 • (jul) · 茁 • (jul) (hangeul 줄, revised jul, McCune–Reischauer chul, Yale cwul) bud • sprout 茁
范 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bomʔ) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 氾 (OC *pʰoms, *bom). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : faan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huān • Middle-Chinese : bjomX ^† bee • Simplied form of 範／范 (fàn). Alternative of 笵 (fàn). • (～縣) Fan County, Fanxian (a county of Puyang, Henan, China) • a surname 范 • (beom) · 范 • (beom) (hangeul 범, revised beom, McCune–Reischauer pŏm, Yale pem) Hán-Nôm : phạm Chữ Hán form of Phạm (“a surname from Chinese.”). 范
茄 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡa, *ɡal, *kraːl) : semantic 艹 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 加 (OC *kraːl). ‖ ‖ Compare: \ * Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kləj: Chinese 屎 (OC *hliʔ), Burmese ချေး (hkye:); \ * Proto-Tai *C̬.qɯjꟲ (“excrement”): Thai ขี้ (kîi). \ Bauer (1996) does not consider this to be a loan from Tai. ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄝˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiô • Middle-Chinese : gja ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ka • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kee • Middle-Chinese : kae ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : ke¹ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : ke¹ (now in compounds or dialectal) eggplant; aubergine • (Cantonese) Short for 番茄 (faan¹ ke⁴⁻², “tomato”). ‖ lotus stem • An ancient state in modern Anhui ‖ (Cantonese, colloquial) poop (Classifier: 篤／笃 c) ‖ (Cantonese) Used in transcription. eggplant 茄 (eum 가 (ga)) eggplant Hán-Nôm : già • Hán-Nôm : nhà • Hán-Nôm : nhu • Hán-Nôm : như • Hán-Nôm : nhựa • Hán-Nôm : cà • Hán-Nôm : gia 茄
茅 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mruː) : semantic 艹 (“plant”) + phonetic 矛 (OC *mu). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hm̂ • Middle-Chinese : maew cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica) (often used as thatch) • (obsolete, metonymically) thatched cottage • (obsolete, figurative) Tao • (obsolete) clear • (obsolete) to become damaged • (Cantonese, derogatory) not abiding by the rules; cheaty • Alternative form of 旄 (máo) • (historical) An ancient state in modern Shandong • a surname ‖ 茅(ちがや) or 茅(チガヤ) • (chigaya) thatch ‖ cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica) 茅 • (mo) · 茅 • (mo) (hangeul 모, revised mo, McCune–Reischauer mo, Yale mo) Hán-Nôm : mao 茅
茉 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 末 (OC *maːd). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mut⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bāng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ba̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bua̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bua̍t • Middle-Chinese : mat Only used in 茉莉 (mòlì). white jasmine 茉 • (mal) · 茉 • (mal) (hangeul 말, revised mal, McCune–Reischauer mal, Yale mal) Hán-Nôm : mạt • Hán-Nôm : nhi 茉
茵 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : in • Middle-Chinese : 'jin cushion; mattress • Used in 茵蒀 and 茵陳／茵陈 (yīnchén). • a surname A coin 茵 • (in) · 茵 • (in) (hangeul 인) mat, cushion Hán-Nôm : nhân mattress 茵
茸 Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njoŋ) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + abbreviated phonetic 聰 (OC *sʰloːŋ) (Shuowen). ‖ Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njoŋ) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + abbreviated phonetic 聰 (OC *sʰloːŋ) (Shuowen). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiông • Middle-Chinese : nyowng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄥˇ (of vegetation) soft and downy; newly sprouted and pilose • bud; sprout • fine hair; soft fur • pilose antler of a young stag ‖ (obsolete) to push in • Used in compounds. ‖ 茸(きのこ) or 茸(キノコ) • (kinoko) ‖ 茸(たけ) or 茸(タケ) • (take) ‖ 茸(くさびら) or 茸(くさひら) • (kusabira or kusahira) ‖ 茸(くさびら) • (Kusabira) ‖ 茸(きのこ) • (Kinoko) ‖ a mushroom ‖ (chiefly Kansai or in compounds) a mushroom • (colloquial) the flesh of an animal ‖ (archaic, now dialectal) a mushroom • (etymology, obsolete) vegetable, greens • (euphemistic, in Ise Grand Shrine) the flesh of an animal ‖ a kyogen play ‖ (Internet slang) NTT Docomo 茸 • (yong) · 茸 • (yong) (hangeul 용, revised yong, McCune–Reischauer yong, Yale yong) Hán-Nôm : nhung 茸
荐 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin³ • Middle-Chinese : dzenH straw mat • fodder grass • repeatedly • ^‡ to gather • Alternative form of 薦／荐 (jiàn, “to recommend”) 荐 • (cheon, geon) · 荐 • (cheon, geon) (hangeul 천, 건, revised cheon, geon, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏn, kŏn, Yale chen, ken) Hán-Nôm : tiến 荐
荔 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːbs, *rebs) : semantic 艸 + phonetic 劦 (OC *ɦleːb). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nāi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lāi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nǎi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nuī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liān • Middle-Chinese : ljeH • Middle-Chinese : lejH Alternative name for 馬藺／马蔺 (“Iris lactea”). • Short for 荔枝 (lìzhī, “lychee”). • Used in 薜荔 (bìlì). • a surname Hán-Nôm : lệ • Hán-Nôm : lê 荔
莉 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *riːl, *r'il, *r'i) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 利 (OC *rids). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nī • Middle-Chinese : drij • Middle-Chinese : dri • Middle-Chinese : lej Used in 茉莉 (mòlì). white jasmine • Asian pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) 莉 • (ri>i) · 莉 • (ri>i) (hangeul 리>이, revised ri>i, McCune–Reischauer ri>i, Yale li>i) 莉 (lị, lài, lý, lợi, nhài) 莉
莊 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsraŋ) : semantic 艸 + phonetic 壯 (OC *ʔsraŋs). Cantonese · Jyutping : zong¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄤ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄤㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsonn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuang • Middle-Chinese : tsrjang grassy • village; farmstead; hamlet • villa; manor • thoroughfare; main road • place of business; shop • (gambling) dealer; banker • solemn; serious • (Hong Kong Cantonese, university slang) student association; student union (Classifier: 支 c) • a surname: Zhuang a manor, a villa • a village, a hamlet • number of mahjongg games (counter) 莊 • (jang) · 莊 • (jang) (hangeul 장, revised jang, McCune–Reischauer chang, Yale cang) Hán-Nôm : trang • Hán-Nôm : đồ • Hán-Nôm : dưa • Hán-Nôm : chan • Hán-Nôm : chang 莊
莽 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *maːŋʔ, *moːʔ, *maːʔ) : phonetic 茻 (OC *maːŋʔ) + semantic 犬, and also ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 茻 + semantic 犬 (Li Xueqin, 2012). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-ljak ~ mrak ~ mruk. Cantonese · Jyutping : mong⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mong⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄤˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bóng • Middle-Chinese : muX • Middle-Chinese : mangX • Middle-Chinese : muwX thick weeds, luxuriant growth • Illicium henryi and Illicium lanceolatum, whose fruits resemble star anise but are highly toxic • rude, impertinent • (Sichuanese) silly, foolish 莽 (eum 망 (mang)) Hán-Nôm : mảng • Hán-Nôm : mãng 莽
菠 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bo¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : poo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : po • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pue Used in compounds. spinach 菠 • (pa) · 菠 • (pa) (hangeul 파, revised pa, McCune–Reischauer p'a, Yale pha) Hán-Nôm : ba 菠
菩 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bɯːʔ, *bɯʔ, *bɯː, *bɯːɡ) : semantic 艹 (“grass”) + phonetic 咅 (OC *pʰɯʔ, *pʰl'oːs) ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄟˋ • Middle-Chinese : bojX • Middle-Chinese : bjuwX • Middle-Chinese : bok ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : pou⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phôo • Middle-Chinese : bu a kind of herb ‖ Only used in 麻菩楊／麻菩杨. ‖ Used in 菩提 (pútí). • Used in 菩薩／菩萨 (púsà). a kind of grass • sacred tree 菩 • (bo) · 菩 • (bo) (hangeul 보, revised bo, McCune–Reischauer po, Yale po) Hán-Nôm : bồ • Hán-Nôm : mồ 菩
菱 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯŋ) : semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 夌 (OC *rɯŋ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Middle-Chinese : ling water caltrop; water chestnut (Trapa natans) ‖ 菱(ひし) or 菱(ヒシ) • (hishi) diamond (shape); rhombus ‖ water caltrop 菱 • (reung>neung) · 菱 • (reung>neung) (hangeul 릉>능, revised reung>neung, McCune–Reischauer rŭng>nŭng, Yale lung>nung) (마름): water caltrop, compare water chestnut. Hán-Nôm : lăng • Hán-Nôm : năng • Hán-Nôm : trăng 菱
菲 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰɯl, *pʰɯlʔ, *bɯls) : semantic 艹 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 非 (OC *pɯl). ‖ ‖ ‖ Borrowed from English phenanthrene. ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄟ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hui • Middle-Chinese : phj+j ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fei² • Middle-Chinese : phj+jX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : Hui ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fei¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fei¹ fragrant; luxuriant • lush ‖ Orychophragmus violaceus • (literary) poor; humble; unworthy • (literary) meager; scant ‖ Short for 菲律賓／菲律宾 (Fēilǜbīn, “the Philippines”). ‖ (organic chemistry) phenanthrene ‖ Used in transcription. 菲 • (bi) · 菲 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi, Yale pi) Hán-Nôm : phi phi 菲
萄 Characters in the same phonetic series (匋) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'uː) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 匋 (OC *bl'uː). Cantonese · Jyutping : tou⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄠˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄊㄠ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tôo • Middle-Chinese : daw a kind of grass • Used in 葡萄 (pútáo). 萄 • (do) · 萄 • (do) (hangeul 도, revised do, McCune–Reischauer to, Yale to) Hán-Nôm : đào 萄
萌 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mreːŋ) : semantic 艹 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 明 (OC *mraŋ). \ ; “to bud; to begin” \ ; “moe” ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bîng • Middle-Chinese : meang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ming⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mang⁴ to bud; to sprout; to germinate • to begin; to start • beginning; start; harbinger; omen; augury; portent • to happen; to occur; to take place • (ACG) moe: feelings of affection towards a fictional character • (Internet slang, by extension) cute; adorable • a surname: Meng ‖ Used in 蕨萌 (“a grass name”). ‖ (obsolete) Alternative form of 氓 (“farmer; wanderer”) ‖ 萌(きざし) • (Kizashi) ‖ 萌(もえ) • (Moe) bud, sprout ‖ a female given name • a surname ‖ a female given name 萌 • (maeng) · 萌 • (maeng) (hangeul 맹, revised maeng, McCune–Reischauer maeng, Yale mayng) Hán-Nôm : manh • Hán-Nôm : mánh • Hán-Nôm : mảnh • Hán-Nôm : mành đáng yêu, dễ thương 萌
萍 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ping⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pîng • Middle-Chinese : beng ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiô duckweed (often a symbol of floating existence) • to wander; to travel around ‖ (Southern Min) Alternative form of 薸 (“duckweed”) 萍 (eumhun 개구리밥 평 (gaeguribap pyeong)) hanja form of 평 (“duckweed”) Hán-Nôm : bình • Hán-Nôm : bềnh • Hán-Nôm : phềnh • Hán-Nôm : phình 萍
萬 Pictogram (象形) – scorpion. This character's original meaning has been lost, and the derivative 蠆 (OC *m̥ʰraːds) refers to the original word. \ ; “scorpion” \ ; “religious dance; sorcery” \ ; “myriad; ten thousand” Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bān • Middle-Chinese : mjonH (obsolete) Original form of 蠆／虿 (chài, “scorpion”). • (historical) A ritual dance in ancient China. • myriad, ten thousand, 10000 • (figurative) a great number; myriad; numerous • very; extremely; absolutely • a surname ‖ 萬(よろず) • (Yorozu) ^(←よろづ (yorodu)?) ‖ 萬(よろづ) • (Yorozu) ‖ 萬(ばん) • (Ban) ‖ 萬(まん) • (Man) ten thousand ‖ a surname ‖ a surname ‖ a surname ‖ a female given name • a surname 萬 (eumhun 일만(一萬) 만 (ilman man)) hanja form of 만 (“ten thousand”) • hanja form of 만 (“myriad”) canonical : 萬: Hán Việt readings: vạn • canonical : muôn 萬: Nôm readings: vạn • canonical : vàn • canonical : mại • canonical : vẹn • canonical : muôn ‖ ‖ chữ Hán form of vạn, muôn (“ten thousand”). 萬
葡 Considered a 後起字／后起字 (hòuqǐzì). Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *baː) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 匍 (OC *baː). Cantonese · Jyutping : pou⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phôo • Middle-Chinese : bu Used in 葡萄 (pútáo, “grape”) and related terms. • Short for 葡萄牙 (Pútáoyá, “Portugal”). • Short for 葡萄牙 (Pútáoyá, “Portugal”). · (chiefly Cantonese, by extension, in compounds) Macau ‖ 葡(ポ) • (po) ‖ Short for ポルトガル／葡萄牙 (“Portugal (a country in Europe)”). 葡 (eum 포 (po)) Hán-Nôm : bồ 葡
董 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *toːŋʔ) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 重 (OC *doŋ, *doŋʔ, *doŋs). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dung² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : táng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tóng • Middle-Chinese : tuwngX to direct; to supervise • director; supervisor • a surname 董 • (dong) · 董 • (dong) (hangeul 동, revised dong, McCune–Reischauer tong, Yale tong) Hán-Nôm : đổng • Hán-Nôm : đỏng • Hán-Nôm : đúng • Hán-Nôm : đủng • Hán-Nôm : đũng • Hán-Nôm : xổng • Hán-Nôm : dỏng • Hán-Nôm : rỗng 董
葫 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰaː, *ɡaː) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 胡 (OC *ɡaː) Cantonese · Jyutping : wu⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ôo • Middle-Chinese : hu • Middle-Chinese : xu Used in 葫蘆／葫芦 (húlu). • garlic gourd, bottle-gourd • garlic 葫 • (ho) · 葫 • (ho) (hangeul 호, revised ho, McCune–Reischauer ho, Yale ho) Hán-Nôm : hồ 葫
葵 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷil) : semantic 艹 (“grass, plant”) + phonetic 癸 (OC *kʷilʔ) – a kind of plant. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khêr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuê • Middle-Chinese : gjwij name of several plants · Short for 冬葵 (“Malva verticillata (syn. Malva crispa)”). • name of several plants · Short for 蒲葵 (púkuí, “Livistona chinensis”). • name of several plants · Short for 落葵 (luòkuí, “Basella alba”). • name of several plants · Short for 向日葵 (xiàngrìkuí, “sunflower”). • name of several plants · Used in compounds. • Alternative form of 揆 (kuí) • (Hong Kong) Short for 葵涌 (Kuíchōng, “Kwai Chung”). • a surname ‖ 葵(き) • (ki) ‖ 葵(あおい) • (aoi) ^(←あふひ (afufi)?) ‖ 葵(あおい) • (Aoi) ^(←あふひ (afufi)?) ‖ 葵(まもる) • (Mamoru) ‖ Synonym of 葵 (aoi): plant name ‖ For plant names: · アオイ: Any plant in the genera Alcea or Hibiscus: hollyhock, hibiscus • For plant names: · アオイ: Any plant in the Malvaceae family: mallow • For plant names: · アオイ: Synonym of 冬葵 (fuyuaoi, “Chinese mallow, Malva verticillata”) • For plant names: · アオイ: Synonym of 双葉葵 (futabaaoi, “Asarum caulescens”) • (heraldry) A design of mon using the image of Asarum caulescens. • A symbol for the Tokugawa shogunate. • One of the colour schemes used in Japanese traditional garment, with the outer layer in light blue color and the inner layer in light purple color; it is used in the fourth month of the lunar calendar. • (women's speech) soba ‖ a surname • a male or female given name • Aoi (a ward and neighborhood of Shizuoka, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan) • Aoi (neighborhoods in Japan): · The neighborhoods of Naka and Higashi, Nagoya and of Okazaki and Nishio; in Aichi Prefecture. • Aoi (neighborhoods in Japan): · A neighborhood of Okayama, Okayama Prefecture. • Aoi (neighborhoods in Japan): · A neighborhood of Izumisano, Osaka Prefecture. • Aoi (neighborhoods in Japan): · The neighborhoods of Kakegawa and Fukuroi, Shizuoka Prefecture. • Aoi (neighborhoods in Japan): · A neighborhood of Kurayoshi, Tottori Prefecture. • Aoi (neighborhoods in Japan): · A neighborhood of Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi Prefecture. • Aoi (neighborhoods in Japan): · A neighborhood of Wakayama, Wakayama Prefecture. ‖ an unknown-gender given name 葵 • (gyu) · 葵 • (gyu) (hangeul 규, revised gyu, McCune–Reischauer kyu, Yale kyu) Hán-Nôm : quỳ • Hán-Nôm : quỳu 葵
蒂 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *teːds) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 帝 (OC *teːɡs) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dai³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tai³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tè peduncle or stem of plants 蒂 • (che) · 蒂 • (che) (hangeul 체) Hán-Nôm : đế 蒂
蒜 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sloːns) : semantic 艸 + phonetic 祘 (OC *sloːns). \ Matisoff considers this to be derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *swa-n (“garlic”), but more likely this may be a plant imported from the Western Regions in the Qin–Han era. The relatively late attestation and the earlier form of 卵蒜 (luǎnsuàn) attest to the latter theory. \ Compare Sanskrit लशुन (laśuna), Pali lasuṇa, lasuna. The Old Chinese reconstruction was revised to a *-or rhyme in the Baxter–Sagart system, akin to its homophone 算 (“to calculate”). Hence compare Persian سیر (sir, “garlic”), Khotanese sārmā- (“the plant Basella cordifolia or B. lucida or B. rubra”), Hungarian sárma (“Ornithogalum sp.”), as well as Turkish sarımsak, Mongolian саримс (sarims). \ Either way this word is cognate with the second syllable of Burmese ကြက်သွန် (krakswan, “onion”), ကြက်သွန်ဖြူ (krakswanhpru, “garlic”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sǹg • Middle-Chinese : swanH garlic ‖ 蒜(にんにく) or 蒜(ニンニク) • (ninniku) ‖ 蒜(ひる) • (hiru) ‖ garlic ‖ allium 蒜 • (san) · 蒜 • (san) (hangeul 산, revised san, McCune–Reischauer san, Yale san) 蒜
蒲 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *baː) : semantic 艹 (“vegetation”) + phonetic 浦 (OC *pʰaːʔ). ‖ From the vernacular reading of 浮 (pou4). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pôo • Middle-Chinese : bu ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : pou⁴ calamus; cattail • Short for 菖蒲 (chāngpú, “Acorus calamus”). • Short for 香蒲 (“Typha orientalis”). • Short for 蒲葵 (púkuí, “Livistona chinensis”). • Used in 蒲桃 (pútáo). • a surname ‖ (Hong Kong Cantonese) to appear • (Hong Kong Cantonese) to party; to leisure ‖ 蒲(がま) or 蒲(ガマ) • (gama) bulrush, reed ‖ common cattail, Typha latifolia 蒲 • (po) · 蒲 • (po) (hangeul 포, revised po, McCune–Reischauer p'o, Yale pho) canonical : 蒲: Hán Việt readings: bồ 蒲: Hán Nôm readings: bồ • canonical : bù • canonical : mồ 蒲
蒼 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰaːŋ, *sʰaːŋʔ) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 倉 (OC *sʰaːŋ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-riŋ ~ s-r(j)aŋ (“to live; to be alive; to give birth; raw; green”) (STEDT). May be an old dialect variant of 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ, “green; blue”). Also cognate with 生 (OC *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs, “to live”), 性 (OC *sleŋs, “nature”), 姓 (OC *sleŋs, “surname”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰaːŋ, *sʰaːŋʔ) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 倉 (OC *sʰaːŋ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-riŋ ~ s-r(j)aŋ (“to live; to be alive; to give birth; raw; green”) (STEDT). May be an old dialect variant of 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ, “green; blue”). Also cognate with 生 (OC *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs, “to live”), 性 (OC *sleŋs, “nature”), 姓 (OC *sleŋs, “surname”) (Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshang • Middle-Chinese : tshang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cong² • Middle-Chinese : tshangX blue; green • white; greyish white ‖ Used in 蒼莽／苍莽 (cǎngmǎng, “boundless”). blue • green 蒼 (eumhun 푸를 창 (pureul chang)) green • blue • to grow thick Hán-Nôm : thương 蒼
蓉 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiûnn • Middle-Chinese : yowng ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁴⁻² Used in 芙蓉 (fúróng) and 蓯蓉／苁蓉 (cōngróng). • Short for 蓉城 (Róngchéng). • (alt. form 茸) bits and pieces; food (especially lotus) that has been minced, shredded, or ground into a paste, suitable for use as a pastry filling or making a sauce ‖ (Cantonese) wonton noodle 蓉 • (yong) · 蓉 • (yong) (hangeul 용, revised yong, McCune–Reischauer yong, Yale yong) Hán-Nôm : dong • Hán-Nôm : rong • Hán-Nôm : dung 蓉
蓬 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːŋ) : semantic 艸 (“vegetation”) + phonetic 逢 (OC *boŋ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pōng • Middle-Chinese : buwng type of raspberry • Korean mugwort (Artemisia princeps) • fleabane • disheveled • flourishing; vigorous • (colloquial) fluffy; soft • Classifier for clumps of items. • a surname ‖ 蓬(よもぎ) or 蓬(ヨモギ) • (yomogi) artemisia; mugwort, sagebrush, wormwood ‖ mugwort moxa, mugwort, wormwood Hán-Nôm : bồng 蓬
蓮 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *renʔ, *reːn) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 連 (OC *ren). \ Related to 蕑 (OC *kreːn, “lotus seed”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nâi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nuî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lân • Middle-Chinese : len ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˇ • Middle-Chinese : ljenX lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) • (in compounds or archaic) A plant with lotus-like flowers or leaves, or another plant similar to such a plant • (Buddhism) Buddha's world; paradise ‖ Only used in 蓮勺／莲勺 (Liǎnzhuó). ‖ 蓮(はちす) • (hachisu) ‖ 蓮(はちす) • (Hachisu) ‖ 蓮(はす) or 蓮(ハス) • (hasu) ‖ 蓮(はす) • (Hasu) ‖ 蓮(れん) • (ren) ‖ 蓮(れん) • (Ren) lotus plant or flower, Nelumbo nucifera ‖ older name for hasu below: a lotus plant or flower, Nelumbo nucifera • (Buddhism, particularly Pure Land Buddhism) a lotus bloom in the realm of Sukhāvatī (“Land of Ultimate Bliss”), as an expression of reincarnation • alternate name for 木槿 (mukuge), Hibiscus syriacus: the rose of Sharon, rose mallow, or St. Joseph's rod ‖ the name of various places in Japan • a surname ‖ a lotus plant or flower ‖ a female given name • a surname ‖ a lotus plant or flower ‖ a female given name • a surname 蓮 (eumhun 연꽃 련 (yeonkkot ryeon), word-initial (South Korea) 연꽃 연 (yeonkkot yeon)) hanja form of 련/연 (“lotus”) Hán-Nôm : liên (only in compounds) lotus 蓮
蔓 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *moːn, *mons) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 曼 (OC *moːn, *mons). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *moːn, *mons) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 曼 (OC *moːn, *mons). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄢˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : buān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : muā • Middle-Chinese : mjonH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bān • Middle-Chinese : man vine; creeper • to spread; to extend • a surname ‖ Only used in 蔓菁 (mánjing, “turnip”). ‖ 蔓(つる) • (tsuru) vine ‖ vine • intermediary • financial supporter 蔓 • (man) · 蔓 • (man) (hangeul 만, revised man, McCune–Reischauer man, Yale man) 蔓 (mạn, mơn) 蔓
蔗 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjaːɡs) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 庶 (OC *hljaɡs). \ See 藷蔗／薯蔗 (zhūzhè). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄜˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsià • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsà • Middle-Chinese : tsyaeH sugar cane sugar cane 蔗 • (ja) · 蔗 • (ja) (hangeul 자, revised ja, McCune–Reischauer cha, Yale ca) sugar cane Hán-Nôm : giá 蔗
蔚 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *quds, *qud) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 尉 (OC *quds, *qud). \ Probably related to 鬱 (OC *qud, “a kind of fragrant herb”) (Unger, 1992). ‖ Cognate with 鬱 (OC *qud, “luxuriant; depressed”), 薈 (OC *qoːbs, “luxuriant”). Compare Thai โอบ (òop, “to cover up; to shut”), อุด (ùt, “to compress; to crowd in together”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Cognate with 鬱 (OC *qud, “luxuriant; depressed”), 薈 (OC *qoːbs, “luxuriant”). Compare Thai โอบ (òop, “to cover up; to shut”), อุด (ùt, “to compress; to crowd in together”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai³ • Middle-Chinese : 'jw+jH • Middle-Chinese : 'jut ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uìnn • Middle-Chinese : 'jw+jH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wat¹ • Middle-Chinese : 'jut ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wat¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : Ut • Middle-Chinese : 'jut Artemisia japonica ‖ (literary, of vegetation) exuberant; luxuriant; lush • (literary) grand; magnificent • (literary) ornate; elaborate • (literary, of mist) permeating ‖ Alternative form of 鬱／郁 (yù, “depressed; pent-up”) ‖ a surname • Used in place names. 蔚 • (ul, wi) · 蔚 • (ul, wi) (hangeul 울, 위, revised ul, wi, McCune–Reischauer ul, wi, Yale wul, wi) canonical : 蔚: Hán Việt readings: uất • canonical : úy/uý 蔚
蔡 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰlaːds) : semantic 艸 (“vegetation”) + phonetic 祭 (OC *ʔsreːds, *ʔsleds). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄞˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuà • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshài • Middle-Chinese : tshajH (obsolete) weed • (obsolete) tortoise used for divination • (～國) (historical) Cai (an ancient Chinese state) • a surname 蔡 (eum 채 (chae)) · 蔡 (eum 살 (sal)) Hán-Nôm : Thái 蔡
蕉 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsew) : semantic 艹 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 焦 (OC *ʔsew). ‖ ‖ For pronunciation and definitions of 蕉 – see 𣟼. \ (This character is a variant form of 𣟼). \ Onomatopoeic. Cantonese · Jyutping : ziu¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsio • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiau • Middle-Chinese : tsjew ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˊ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : ziu¹ unsoaked hemp • abaca • banana; plantain (any plant in Musaceae, especially the edible fruit) (Classifier: 根 m; 串 m; 把 m; 條／条 c; 隻／只 c; 梳 c; 弓 mn) • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 憔 (qiáo, “haggard”) • Alternative form of 樵 (qiáo, “firewood”) ‖ (Cantonese, onomatopoeia) sound of firing a gun banana • plantain 蕉 (eumhun 파초 초 (pacho cho)) hanja form of 초 (“banana”) Hán-Nôm : tiêu 蕉
蕊 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋljolʔ, *ŋljulʔ) : semantic 艸 + phonetic 惢 (OC *sqʰloːlʔ, *sklol, *sɡlolʔ) \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(d/n)waj (“to hang from; to cling to; creeper”), whence Burmese နွယ် (nwai, “creeper”), Jingpho noi (“to hang”). Possibly related to 垂 (OC *djol, “to hang down”), 朵 (OC *toːlʔ, “hanging from a tree > flower”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jeoi⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jeoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luí • Middle-Chinese : nyweX • Middle-Chinese : nywijX (botany) stamen; gynoecium (reproductive organ of a flower) • flower bud • (Hokkien, Teochew, Taiwanese Hakka) Classifier for flowers and eyes. stamen • pistil 蕊 (eumhun 꽃술 예 (kkotsul ye)) ‖ 蕊 (eumhun 모일 전 (moil jeon)) ‖ canonical : 蕊: Hán Việt readings: nhụy • canonical : nhuỵ • canonical : nhị 蕊: Nôm readings: nhụy • canonical : nhị 蕊
蕾 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lé • Middle-Chinese : lwojX bud (of a flower) ‖ 蕾(つぼみ) • (tsubomi) ‖ bud (of a flower) 蕾 • (roe>noe) · 蕾 • (roe>noe) (hangeul 뢰>뇌, revised roe>noe, McCune–Reischauer roe>noe, Yale loy>noy) Hán-Nôm : lôi • Hán-Nôm : lỗi 蕾
薇 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mrɯl, *mɯl) : semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 微 (OC *mɯl). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bî • Middle-Chinese : mij • Middle-Chinese : mj+j Osmunda regalis, a species of fern (also known as royal fern or flowering fern) • Used in 薔薇／蔷薇 (qiángwēi, “multiflora rose”). ‖ 薇(ぜんまい) or 薇(ゼンマイ) • (zenmai) ‖ Japanese flowering fern (Osmunda japonica), of which the young fiddleheads are edible 薇 (eumhun 장미 미 (jangmi mi)) · 薇 (eumhun 고비 미 (gobi mi)) hanja form of 미 (“rose”) • hanja form of 미 (“Osmunda japonica”) Hán-Nôm : vi 薇
薯 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsîr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsî • Middle-Chinese : dzyoH (originally) Only used in 薯蕷／薯蓣 (shǔyù, “Chinese yam”). • General name for crops such as potato, sweet potato and yam. 薯 • (seo) · 薯 • (seo) (hangeul 서, revised seo, McCune–Reischauer sŏ, Yale se) Hán-Nôm : thự 薯
藉 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ze⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ze³ • Middle-Chinese : dzjaeH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zik⁶ • Middle-Chinese : dzjek (obsolete) straw mat used to offer sacrifices • (literary) pad; mat • (literary) to spread; to lay out (a mat) • (archaic) to sit on; to lay on (a mat) • (alt. form 借) to rely on; to depend on; to lean on; by means of • (alt. form 借) to use as a pretext • (literary) even if ‖ numerous and disorderly • ^† to pay tribute • ^† Alternative form of 籍 (jí, “tax”) • ^† to tie using a rope • ^† to care for; to treasure • ^† Alternative form of 籍 (jí, “to record”) • ^† Alternative form of 籍 (jí, “to confiscate”) • a surname numerous and disorderly • to pay tribute • to borrow 藉 • (ja, jeok) · 藉 • (ja, jeok) (hangeul 자, 적, revised ja, jeok, McCune–Reischauer cha, chŏk, Yale ca, cek) canonical : 藉: Hán Việt readings: tạ • canonical : tịch • canonical : tá 藉: Nôm readings: tạ • canonical : tã • canonical : chạ 藉
藍 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·raːm) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-ram (“indigo”); cognate with Lepcha ᰛᰤᰨᰮ (ryom), Mru [script needed] (charam), Tibetan རམས (rams, “indigo”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007; Hill, 2019). However, Laufer (1916) considers the Tibetan word to be borrowed from Chinese. \ Schuessler (2007) considers this an areal word, possibly from Southeast Asia; cf. Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taʀum (“indigo plant and dye”) (> Malay tarum). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lâm • Middle-Chinese : lam blue • indigo plant (Indigofera tinctoria) • (politics) related to the pro-unification pan-Blue coalition of Taiwan • (HK politics) supportive of the Hong Kong Police Force and the Hong Kong government • (literary) Short for 伽藍／伽蓝 (qiélán, “Buddhist temple”). • a surname: Lan ‖ 藍(あい) or 藍(アイ) • (ai) ^(←あゐ (awi) or アヰ (awi)?) ‖ 藍(あい) • (Ai) ^(←あゐ (awi)?) the Japanese indigo or Chinese indigo plant, Persicaria tinctoria • the color indigo • kanji used to transliterate Buddhist terms borrowed from Sanskrit ‖ the Japanese indigo or Chinese indigo plant, Persicaria tinctoria • the color indigo, from the dye processed from the stems and leaves of various indigo plants • Short for 藍蝋 (airō): indigo pigment made from boiled-down indigo dye liquid ‖ a female given name • a surname 藍 • (ram>nam) · 藍 • (ram>nam) (hangeul 람>남, McCune–Reischauer ram>nam, Yale lam>nam) ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ Hán-Nôm : lam • Hán-Nôm : chàm • Hán-Nôm : rôm • Hán-Nôm : rườm • Hán-Nôm : trôm • Hán-Nôm : xám 藍
藕 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋoːʔ) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 耦 (OC *ŋoːʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄡˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngǎu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gió • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngóo • Middle-Chinese : nguwX (lotus) root • a surname lotus • lotus root • arrowroot 藕 • (u) · 藕 • (u) (hangeul 우, revised u, McCune–Reischauer u, Yale wu) Hán-Nôm : ngó • Hán-Nôm : ngẫu 藕
藝 Originally written as 埶 (OC *ŋeds). The 艸 (“grass; plant”) and 云 were added later. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : guē • Middle-Chinese : ngjiejH art • skill; talent • (literary) limit; bound; norm • (literary) to plant; to grow technique, art, craft, performance 藝 (eumhun 재주 예 (jaeju ye)) hanja form of 예 (“art, craft, technique, performance”) canonical : 藝: Hán Việt readings: nghệ • canonical : vân 藝: Nôm readings: nghế • canonical : vân • canonical : nghề • canonical : nghệ ‖ romanization : nghệ ‖ romanization : nghề ‖ chữ Hán form of nghệ (“occupation, employment, trade, profession”). ‖ Nôm form of nghề (“trade; profession”). 藝
藥 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lawɢ) : semantic 艹 (“grass”) + phonetic 樂 (OC *ŋraːwɢs, *raːwɢ, *ŋraːwɢ). \ According to Schuessler (2007), either: \ * related to Mizo hlo (“a weed, drug, medicine”), or \ * cognate to 療 (OC *rews, “to treat, to cure”), thus beloning to the same word family as 瀹 (OC *lowɢ), 爍 (OC *qʰljawɢ). ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : io̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : io̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia̍k • Middle-Chinese : yak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄛˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩㄝˋ medicine; drug; pharmaceutical • substance used for a particular purpose (e.g. poisoning, fermenting, explosion) • Short for 芍藥／芍药 (sháoyao). • to treat; to cure • to poison • a surname ‖ Only used in 灼藥／灼药 (zhuóshuò). ‖ Only used in 勺藥／勺药 (zhuólüè). Kyūjitai form of 薬: a medicine, a drug. 藥 (eumhun 약 약 (yak yak)) hanja form of 약 (“medicine; drug”) canonical : 藥: Hán Việt readings: dược 藥: Nôm readings: dược • canonical : thuốc 藥
藩 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pan, *ban) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 潘 (OC *pʰaːn) ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄢ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : faan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phuan • Middle-Chinese : pjon ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄢˊ • Middle-Chinese : bjon fence • (literary) boundary; border • vassal state • a surname ‖ ‖ 藩(はん) • (-han) ‖ fiefdom, domain 藩 • (beon) · 藩 • (beon) (hangeul 번, revised beon, McCune–Reischauer pŏn, Yale pen) fence, hedge • margin, boundary, border • marquisate • defence Hán-Nôm : phiên • Hán-Nôm : phen • Hán-Nôm : phiền • Hán-Nôm : phồn • Hán-Nôm : phên 藩
蘇 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sŋaː) : semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 穌 (OC *sŋaː). \ ; Cantonese "socket" Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : soo • Middle-Chinese : su perilla (Perilla frutescens) • firewood • to reap grass • to take; to get • tassel • (Cantonese) socket • Short for 江蘇／江苏 (Jiāngsū, “Jiangsu Province”). • Short for 蘇州／苏州 (Sūzhōu, “Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province”). • Short for 蘇維埃／苏维埃 (sūwéi'āi, “soviet”). • Short for 蘇聯／苏联 (Sūlián, “Soviet Union”). • Short for 蘇格蘭／苏格兰 (Sūgélán, “Scotland”). • Alternative form of 甦／苏 (sū, “to revive; to regain consciousness”) • a surname ‖ 蘇(そ) • (so) ‖ 蘇(そ) • (So) be resurrected, revived • perilla, shiso • kanji used to transliterate borrowings from foreign languages • Soviet Union ‖ Alternative spelling of 酥 (so): condensed milk ‖ a surname 蘇 • (so) · 蘇 • (so) (hangeul 소) Hán-Nôm : tô • Hán-Nôm : to • Hán-Nôm : su • Hán-Nôm : tua 蘇
蘑 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : môo type of edible mushroom Hán-Nôm : ma 蘑
蘭 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·raːn) : semantic 艹 (“plant”) + phonetic 闌 (OC *ɡ·raːn). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lân • Middle-Chinese : lan orchid, especially cymbidium • Eupatorium fortunei • (in compounds) A plant that is fragrant or shares morphological similarities with orchids or Eupatorium fortunei • elegant; graceful • Short for 蘭州／兰州 (Lánzhōu, “Lanzhou”). • a surname • Used in transcription. Often used for -land in foreign place names. ‖ 蘭(らん) or 蘭(ラン) • (ran) ‖ 蘭(らん) • (Ran) ‖ 蘭(らに) • (rani) ‖ 蘭(あららぎ) or 蘭(アララギ) • (araragi) ‖ 蘭(あららぎ) • (Araragi) Eupatorium fortunei • orchid • aromatic, fragrant • government office that handles documents • kanji used to transliterate borrowings from foreign languages, especially Buddhist terms from Sanskrit • Short for 阿蘭陀, 和蘭, 和蘭陀 (Oranda): Holland, the Netherlands ‖ an orchid • a style of 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”), featuring designs of orchid flowers and/or leaves • (archaic) Synonym of 藤袴 (fujibakama): Eupatorium fortunei, a type of flower of the family Asteraceae ‖ Short for 阿蘭陀, 和蘭, 和蘭陀 (Oranda): Holland, the Netherlands, Dutch • a female given name • a surname ‖ (archaic) Synonym of 藤袴 (fujibakama): Eupatorium fortunei, a type of flower of the family Asteraceae ‖ Synonym of 一位 (ichii): Taxus cuspidata, the Japanese yew • (archaic) Synonym of 野蒜 (nobiru): Allium macrostemon, a species of wild onion ‖ a surname 蘭 (eumhun 란초 란 (rancho ran), word-initial (South Korea) 란초 난 (rancho nan)) · 蘭 (eumhun 난초 란 (nancho ran), word-initial (South Korea) 난초 난 (nancho nan)) hanja form of 란 (“orchid”) • hanja form of 난 (“orchid (South Korea)”) Hán-Nôm : lan • Hán-Nôm : lơn 蘭
處 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰljaʔ, *kʰljas) : phonetic 虍 (OC *qʰaː) + semantic 夂 + semantic 几 (“table”). \ In Starostin, this is reconstructed as *thaʔ in Old Chinese and subsumed under Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dhăH (/*thăH) (“to put; to place”), whence also 署 (OC *djas, “to place; to position”), Tibetan གདའ (gda', “to be; to be there”), གདན (gdan, “seat; residence”) and Burmese ထား (hta:, “to put; to place”). \ With the original *–l– initial, compare Proto-Tamangic *ᴮglaː/ᴬglaː (“place”), Mizo tla, tlat (“to be; to exist; to live; to remain”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ 居 (OC *kɯ, *kas) may be related (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰljaʔ, *kʰljas) : phonetic 虍 (OC *qʰaː) + semantic 夂 + semantic 几 (“table”). \ In Starostin, this is reconstructed as *thaʔ in Old Chinese and subsumed under Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dhăH (/*thăH) (“to put; to place”), whence also 署 (OC *djas, “to place; to position”), Tibetan གདའ (gda', “to be; to be there”), གདན (gdan, “seat; residence”) and Burmese ထား (hta:, “to put; to place”). \ With the original *–l– initial, compare Proto-Tamangic *ᴮglaː/ᴬglaː (“place”), Mizo tla, tlat (“to be; to exist; to live; to remain”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ 居 (OC *kɯ, *kas) may be related (Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshù • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshìr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshì • Middle-Chinese : tsyhoX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshù • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshìr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshì • Middle-Chinese : tsyhoH to reside; to live; to dwell • to be situated in; to be in • staying at home; not assuming a government position, or not married • virginity; chastity • to manage; to deal with • to punish; to discipline • to get along with • (obsolete) to stop; to disappear; to cease • a surname ‖ place; location; spot • part; aspect; respect • department; office • Classifier for locations or items of damage. • (Cantonese, slightly dated) here place • locale • department 處 • (cheo) · 處 • (cheo) (hangeul 처, revised cheo, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏ, Yale che) place • locate • stop Hán-Nôm : xử • Hán-Nôm : xớ • Hán-Nôm : xở • Hán-Nôm : xứ 處
虛 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰa, *qʰa) : phonetic 虍 (OC *qʰaː) + semantic 丘 (“hill”). The lower component retains the shape of 丠, the ancient form of 丘. Cantonese · Jyutping : heoi¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hir • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hi • Middle-Chinese : xjo • Middle-Chinese : khjo empty; hollow • false; worthless; vain • (astronomy) Emptiness, a Chinese constellation near Aquarius and Equuleus emptiness, void • falsehood, lie 虛 • (heo) · 虛 • (heo) (hangeul 허, revised heo, McCune–Reischauer hŏ, Yale he) Hán-Nôm : hư 虛
虜 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lóo • Middle-Chinese : luX to capture; to imprison • to plunder; to rob • captive; prisoner of war • (literary, derogatory) enemy • (literary, derogatory) northern barbarian • (literary) slave; servant ‖ 虜(とりこ) • (toriko) ‖ prisoner, captive, slave 虜 (eumhun 사로잡을 로 (sarojabeul ro), word-initial (South Korea) 사로잡을 노 (sarojabeul no)) hanja form of 로/노 (“to capture”) canonical : 虜: Hán Việt readings: lỗ 虜: Nôm readings: lũ 虜
虞 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋʷa) : semantic 虍 (“tiger”) + phonetic 吳 (OC *ŋʷaː). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gû • Middle-Chinese : ngju (obsolete) zouyu, an ancient legendary creature, also known as 騶虞／驺虞 (zōuyú) • (historical) an ancient officer in charge of managing forests and hunting grounds • (literary) to predict; to guess; to foresee • (literary) to be concerned about; to worry • (literary) to deceive; to fool; to cheat • Alternative form of 娛／娱 (“enjoyment; pleasure”) • a legendary ancient Chinese dynasty that could have existed prior to the Xia dynasty, founded by Shun • an ancient state during the Western Zhou and the Spring and Autumn period, located in modern-day Pinglu County, Shanxi • (～日) (telegraphy) the seventh day of a month • a surname ‖ 虞(ぐ) • (Gu) to worry, to fear ‖ Yu (a legendary ancient Chinese dynasty, founded by Shun) • A surname in Chinese 虞 (eumhun 염려할 우 (yeomnyeohal u)) hanja form of 우 (“to worry”) Hán-Nôm : ngu 虞
號 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɦlaːw, *ɦlaːws) : phonetic 号 (OC *ɦlaːws) + semantic 虎. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)aw (“to call”) (Schuessler, 2007, STEDT). Compare Kinnauri ku, Anong go, and Burmese ခေါ် (hkau). The extension of the meaning ‘shout, call’ to ‘ask, request’ is parallel to 呼 (hū). \ Pronunciation 1 is the exopassive derivation of pronunciation 2, literally "what is called". ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɦlaːw, *ɦlaːws) : phonetic 号 (OC *ɦlaːws) + semantic 虎. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)aw (“to call”) (Schuessler, 2007, STEDT). Compare Kinnauri ku, Anong go, and Burmese ခေါ် (hkau). The extension of the meaning ‘shout, call’ to ‘ask, request’ is parallel to 呼 (hū). \ Pronunciation 1 is the exopassive derivation of pronunciation 2, literally "what is called". Cantonese · Jyutping : hou⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hō • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hōo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kō • Middle-Chinese : hawH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : âu • Middle-Chinese : haw name; alias • (specifically) art name • to order; to command • shop; store • mark; symbol • number • day of the month • (music) brass instrument • (typography) hao • (Internet) account • (Central Plains and Lanyin Mandarin, Sichuanese) to correct; to mark (school work) ‖ to shout; to bawl; to cry loudly • (of animal) to roar • to cry (to shed a tear) (loudly) • (of wind) to howl; to roar ‖ 號(ごう) • (-gō) ‖ ordinal marker 號 (eumhun 이름 호 (ireum ho)) ‖ 號 (eumhun 부르짖을 호 (bureujijeul ho)) hanja form of 호 (“name; alias”) • hanja form of 호 (“order; command”) • hanja form of 호 (“number”) • hanja form of 호 (“mark; symbol”) • hanja form of 호 (“art name”) ‖ hanja form of 호 (“shout; cry”) Hán-Nôm : hào • Hán-Nôm : hiệu • Hán-Nôm : hiều 號
蚌 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄤˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pong⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pǎng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pāng • Middle-Chinese : baewngX common name for some bivalve molluscs • (obsolete) pearl • Short for 蚌埠 (Bèngbù, “Bengbu”). 蚌 • (bang) · 蚌 • (bang) (hangeul 방, revised bang, McCune–Reischauer pang, Yale pang) Hán-Nôm : bạng 蚌
蚓 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *linʔ) : semantic 虫 (“insect; worm”) + phonetic 引 (OC *linʔ, *lins). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *zril (“worm”); cognate with Tibetan སྲིལ (sril, “silkworm”), Japhug qandʐe (“earthworm”) (STEDT; Paul, 1972; Schuessler, 2007; Zhang, Jacques and Lai, 2019). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ún • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ín • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kún • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kín • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lún • Middle-Chinese : yinX (biology or in fossilized compounds or dialectal) earthworm earthworm 蚓 • (in) · 蚓 • (in) (hangeul 인, revised in, McCune–Reischauer in, Yale in) (지렁이) earthworm, rainworm 蚓
蚣 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kloːŋ, *kljoŋ) : semantic 虫 (“insect; creature”) + phonetic 公 (OC *kloːŋ). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kong • Middle-Chinese : kuwng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄥ • Middle-Chinese : tsyowng Only used in 蜈蚣 (wúgōng) and its regional synonyms. ‖ Used in compounds. centipede • grasshopper 蚣 • (gong) · 蚣 • (gong) (hangeul 공, revised gong, McCune–Reischauer kong, Yale kong) 蚣
蚤 Characters in the same phonetic series (蚤) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 虫 (“insect”) + 㕚 (“claw”) – a scratching insect/pest. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zou² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsáu • Middle-Chinese : tsawX flea • Alternative form of 早 蚤 (eum 조 (jo)) Hán-Nôm : tao 蚤
蚪 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄡˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tió • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tóo • Middle-Chinese : tuwX Used in 蝌蚪 (kēdǒu). 蚪 • (du) · 蚪 • (du) (hangeul 두, revised du, McCune–Reischauer tu, Yale twu) 蚪
蚯 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiu • Middle-Chinese : khjuw Only used in 蚯蚓 (qiūyǐn, “earthworm”). earthworm 蚯 • (gu) · 蚯 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu) (지렁이) earthworm, rainworm 蚯
蛀 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjos) : semantic 虫 + phonetic 主 (OC *tjoʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyu³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsù • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiù • Middle-Chinese : tsyuH insect that eats through paper, clothes, wood, grains etc. (e.g. moth, silverfish, etc.) • (of insects) to eat through 蛀 • (ju) · 蛀 • (ju) (hangeul 주, revised ju, McCune–Reischauer chu, Yale cwu) 蛀
蛋 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'aːns) : phonetic 延 (OC *lan, *lans) + semantic 虫 (“snake, insect”). 延 is abbreviated to 疋. \ From 彈 (MC danH, “pellet”) (Zhengzhang, 2003). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tān ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuann egg (Classifier: 顆／颗 m; 隻／只 c) • egg-shaped object • (slang) ball; testicle • suffix denoting “person of certain characteristics”, usually with a pejorative tone • (Hong Kong Cantonese) zero score; goose egg • Alternative form of 蜑 (dàn) ‖ (Southern Min) unlaid egg of a fowl (uncommon) an egg 蛋 • (dan) · 蛋 • (dan) (hangeul 단) Hán-Nôm : đản 蛋
蛙 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʷraː, *qʷreː) : semantic 虫 (“insect; creature”) + phonetic 圭 (OC *kʷeː). \ Onomatopoeic (Sagart and Ma, 2020). Also compare Proto-Tai *krweːᴬ (“small frog”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ua • Middle-Chinese : 'wea • Middle-Chinese : 'wae ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ frog • (swimming) Short for 蛙泳 (wāyǒng, “breaststroke”). ‖ Only used in 蝭蛙. ‖ 蛙(かえる) or 蛙(カエル) • (kaeru) ^(←かへる (kaferu)?) ‖ 蛙(かわず) • (kawazu) ^(←かはづ (kafadu)?) ‖ 蛙(かいる) • (kairu) ‖ 蛙(あ) • (a) ‖ a frog (amphibious animal) ‖ (poetic) a frog (amphibious animal) • (Noh theater) a specific mask used in certain Noh plays, depicting a drowned person ‖ (archaic, possibly obsolete) a frog (amphibious animal) ‖ frog (amphibious animal) 蛙 • (wa, wae) · 蛙 • (wa, wae) (hangeul 와, 왜, revised wa, wae, McCune–Reischauer wa, wae, Yale wa, way) Hán-Nôm : oa 蛙
蛛 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *to) : semantic 虫 (“insect”) + phonetic 朱 (OC *tjo). Originally a pictogram (象形) of a spider. Later, 朱 was added to the pictograph to indicate sound. In small seal script, the character became written as the characters 鼄／𬹣 and 蛛. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsu • Middle-Chinese : trju Used in 蜘蛛 (zhīzhū, “spider”); also used as its short form. spider 蛛 • (ju) · 蛛 • (ju) (hangeul 주, revised ju, McCune–Reischauer chu, Yale cwu) spider Hán-Nôm : chu • Hán-Nôm : châu • Hán-Nôm : chẫu • Hán-Nôm : thù spider 蛛
蛤 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kuːb) : semantic 虫 + phonetic 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb). \ Cognate with 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb, “to be together”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ ‖ From Hokkien 哈 (hâⁿ) or 唅 (hahⁿ). ‖ Compare Proto-Tai *kɤpᴰ (“frog”), whence Thai กบ (gòp), Lao ກົບ (kop), Zhuang goep, Shan ၵူပ်း (kúup), Ahom 𑜀𑜤𑜆𑜫 (kup). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gap³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaap³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kap • Middle-Chinese : kop ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haa⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄚˊ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : gap³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaap³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gap¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kap clam ‖ Only used in 蛤蟆 (háma); also used as its short form. frog; toad • (Mainland China, Internet slang) Nickname of Jiang Zemin in Moha culture. • (Mainland China, Internet slang) Alternative form of 哈 (“ha; huh”) (especially used in Moha culture.) ‖ (Taiwan, chiefly Internet) Used to indicate doubt or questioning. what?, huh?, eh ‖ (dialectal) frog ‖ 蛤(はまぐり) or 蛤(ハマグリ) • (hamaguri) ‖ clam 蛤 • (hap) · 蛤 • (hap) (hangeul 합, revised hap, McCune–Reischauer hap, Yale hap) Hán-Nôm : cáp 蛤
蛾 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːl, *ŋralʔ) : semantic 虫 (“insect”) + phonetic 我 (OC *ŋaːlʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngo⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia̍h • Middle-Chinese : nga moth (insect of the order Lepidoptera) • Short for 蛾眉 (éméi). • a surname ‖ 蛾(が) or 蛾(ガ) • (ga) ‖ a moth (insect similar to a butterfly) 蛾 • (a) · 蛾 • (a) (hangeul 아, revised a, McCune–Reischauer a, Yale a) moth canonical : 蛾: Hán Việt readings: nga 蛾: Nôm readings: ngài Alternative form of 𧍋 (“Nôm form of ngài (“moth”).”) 蛾
蜀 Shuowen Jiezi interprets this as a pictograph of a silkworm: with 目 (mù, “eye”) depicting its head above its wriggling body; cf. 蠶叢／蚕丛 (“silkworm-thicket”), legendary inventor of silk and sericulture and ancestor of the first dynasty of the Shu kings. ‖ Compare 獨／独 (dú, “single, alone”). According to Fangyan, it is used in the ancient Chu language (楚語): \ : \ 一，蜀也。南楚謂之蜀。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]一，蜀也。南楚谓之蜀。 [Classical Chinese, simp.] \ From: Yang Xiong, Fangyan, c. 1ˢᵗ century BCE \ Yī, shǔ yě. Nánchǔ wèi zhī shǔ. [Pinyin] \ 一 is 蜀. People from Southern Chu call it 蜀. Cantonese · Jyutping : suk⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sio̍k • Middle-Chinese : dzyowk ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsi̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tse̍t (～國) the name of a state in ancient China • another name for Shu Han, one of Three Kingdoms • Sichuan (a province of China) • ^‡ silkworm on hollyhock • ^† Alternative form of 蠋 (zhú, “caterpillar”) ‖ (Min) Alternative form of 一 (“one”) ‖ 蜀(しょく) • (Shoku) ^(←しよく (syoku)?) green caterpillar • Sichuan ‖ Shu (a former state and former dynasty in ancient China) 蜀 (eumhun 나라 이름 촉 (nara ireum chok)) Hán-Nôm : xọc • Hán-Nôm : thục 蜀
蜈 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋʷaː) : semantic 虫 (“insect”) + phonetic 吳 (OC *ŋʷaː). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ng⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : giâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gôo • Middle-Chinese : ngu Only used in 蜈蚣 (wúgōng, “centipede”). 蜈 • (o) · 蜈 • (o) (hangeul 오, revised o, McCune–Reischauer o, Yale o) 蜈
蜓 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄥˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ting⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tîng • Middle-Chinese : denX • Middle-Chinese : deng • Middle-Chinese : dengX Used in compounds. Hán-Nôm : đình 蜓
蜘 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *te) : semantic 虫 (“insect; insect-like creature”) + phonetic 知 (OC *ʔl'e). Originally 鼅 (OC *te), which was originally 䵹. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ti • Middle-Chinese : trje Used in 蜘蛛 (zhīzhū, “spider”). spider 蜘 • (ji) · 蜘 • (ji) (hangeul 지, revised ji, McCune–Reischauer chi, Yale ci) spider Hán-Nôm : tri spider 蜘
蜻 ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cing¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshing • Middle-Chinese : tsheng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥ • Middle-Chinese : tsjeng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥˋ Only used in 蜻蜓 (qīngtíng) and 蜻蛉 (qīnglíng). ‖ Only used in 蜻蛚 (jīngliè). ‖ Only used in 蜻蜻 (jìngjìng). 蜻 • (cheong) · 蜻 • (cheong) (hangeul 청, revised cheong, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏng, Yale cheng) Hán-Nôm : thanh 蜻
蝌 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fo¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kho • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khoo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kher • Middle-Chinese : khwa Used in 蝌蚪 (kēdǒu). 蝌 • (gwa) · 蝌 • (gwa) (hangeul 과, revised gwa, McCune–Reischauer kwa, Yale kwa) 蝌
蝗 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷaːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋs) : semantic 虫 + phonetic 皇 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hông • Middle-Chinese : hwang • Middle-Chinese : hwaeng • Middle-Chinese : hwaengH locust • (Hong Kong, derogatory) swarms of Mainlander migrants ‖ 蝗(いなご) or 蝗(イナゴ) • (inago) ‖ Alternative spelling of 稲子 (“locust”) (type of grasshopper) 蝗 • (hwang) · 蝗 • (hwang) (hangeul 황, revised hwang, McCune–Reischauer hwang, Yale hwang) Hán-Nôm : hoàng 蝗
蝙 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄢ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pian • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pián • Middle-Chinese : pen Only used in 蝙蝠 (biānfú, “bat”). bat 蝙 • (pyeon) · 蝙 • (pyeon) (hangeul 편, revised pyeon, McCune–Reischauer p'yŏn, Yale phyen) 蝙
蝠 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pɯɡ) : semantic 虫 + phonetic 畐 (OC *pʰrɯɡ, *bɯɡ). Originally a pictogram (象形) in the oracle bone and bronze scripts. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *baːk (“bat”). ‖ Variant of 蝮 (MC phjuwk). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hok • Middle-Chinese : pjuwk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fuk¹ • Middle-Chinese : pjuwk bat (animal) ‖ (obsolete) Synonym of 蝮 (fù, “pit viper”) bat • pit viper 蝠 • (bok) · 蝠 • (bok) (hangeul 복, revised bok, McCune–Reischauer pok, Yale pok) 蝠
蝴 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡaː) : semantic 虫 (“insect”) + phonetic 胡 (OC *ɡaː). Cantonese · Jyutping : wu⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hôo • Middle-Chinese : hu Only used in 蝴蝶 (húdié, “butterfly”). 蝴 • (hu) · 蝴 • (hu) (hangeul 후, revised hu, McCune–Reischauer hu, Yale hwu) Hán-Nôm : hồ • Hán-Nôm : hà 蝴
螃 From 旁 (OC *baːŋ, “side”) (Liu, 1999). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pông • Middle-Chinese : bang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄤˇ • Middle-Chinese : pangX • Middle-Chinese : pangH Only used in 螃蟹 (pángxiè). ‖ ^‡ a kind of animal similar to toad 螃 • (bang) · 螃 • (bang) (hangeul 방, revised bang, McCune–Reischauer pang, Yale pang) 螃
螢 From 虫 "worm", 熒 "fluorescent" sound, indicating fireflies. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : îng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iânn • Middle-Chinese : hweng firefly firefly 螢 (eumhun 반딧불이 형 (banditburi hyeong)) hanja form of 형 (“glow-worm; luminous insect”) Hán-Nôm : huỳnh 螢
螺 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roːl) : semantic 虫 + phonetic 累 (OC *ruːls, *rolʔ, *rols). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kroj (“shellfish, shell”). From the same root derives 蝸 (OC *kroːl, *kʷroːl, “terrestrial snail”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lo⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lo⁴⁻² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lêr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo • Middle-Chinese : lwa aquatic snail (as opposed to a terrestrial snail, 蝸／蜗 (wō)) • whorl; swirl; spiral • fingerprint whorls • (organic chemistry) spiro- • (transgender slang) Short for 螺內酯／螺内酯 (luónèizhǐ, “spironolactone”); spiro • (historical) wine cup made from a snail shell • (historical) ink; pigment (green-black in color, produced from the snail, and used by women for drawing eyebrows) • Short for 螺髻 (“hair done up in a coil shape”). ‖ 螺(ら) • (ra) ‖ 螺(つび) • (tsubi) ‖ 螺(つぶ) • (tsubu) ‖ 螺(つみ) • (tsumi) ‖ 螺(にし) • (nishi) ‖ 螺(にな) • (nina) spiral-shaped shellfish ‖ any shellfish with a spiral shell ‖ (obsolete) spiral shellfish, especially smaller ones • (obsolete) alternate name for 蛤 (hamaguri, “clam”) ‖ spiral shellfish, especially smaller ones • edible marine whelks of family Buccinidae • alternate name for 田螺 (tanishi): river snails of family Viviparidae ‖ (obsolete) spiral shellfish, especially smaller ones ‖ (rare) certain shellfish with a spiral shell ‖ shellfish with a spiral shell • Short for 川蜷. (kawanina): Semisulcospira libertina, a kind of freshwater snail 螺 (eumhun 소라 라 (sora ra), word-initial (South Korea) 소라 나 (sora na)) hanja form of 라/나 (“aquatic snail”) Hán-Nôm : loa • Hán-Nôm : loe 螺
蟀 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *srud) : semantic 虫 (“insect”) + phonetic 率 (OC *sruds, *rud, *srud). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seot¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeot¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sut • Middle-Chinese : srwit cricket 蟀 (eum 솔 (sol)) Hán-Nôm : xuất • Hán-Nôm : suất 蟀
蟆 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mraː) : semantic 虫 + phonetic 莫 (OC *maːɡ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maa⁴ • Middle-Chinese : mae frog; toad toad Hán-Nôm : mô • Hán-Nôm : mò 蟆
蟋 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sih • Middle-Chinese : sit • Middle-Chinese : srit Only used in 蟋蟀 (xīshuài). 蟋 • (sil) · 蟋 • (sil) (hangeul 실, revised sil, McCune–Reischauer sil, Yale sil) Hán-Nôm : tất 蟋
蟲 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : Triplication of 虫 (“snake; insect”). \ Note that 虫 is also a traditional character on its own. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *djuŋ (“insect; bug”) (STEDT). ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : Triplication of 虫 (“snake; insect”). \ Note that 虫 is also a traditional character on its own. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *djuŋ (“insect; bug”) (STEDT). ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : Triplication of 虫 (“snake; insect”). \ Note that 虫 is also a traditional character on its own. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *djuŋ (“insect; bug”) (STEDT). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄥˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄥˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thâng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiông • Middle-Chinese : drjuwng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zung⁶ • Middle-Chinese : drjuwngH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄥˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cung⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tung⁴ • Middle-Chinese : drjuwng bug; insect; worm (Classifier: 隻／只 m c; 條／条 m c; 尾 h) • creature, animal (in general) • insect infestation • person who indulges in something • a surname ‖ (obsolete, of insect) to bite; to eat ‖ Alternative form of 爞 Kyūjitai form of 虫: insect, bug 蟲 (eumhun 벌레 충 (beolle chung)) hanja form of 충 (“insect; bug”) Hán-Nôm : trùng • Hán-Nôm : sùng chữ Hán form of trùng (“insect; microbe, germ”). 蟲
蠕 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njo) : semantic 虫 + phonetic 需 (OC *sno). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njo) : semantic 虫 + phonetic 需 (OC *sno). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jî ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun⁵ squirm; wriggle ‖ Alternative form of 蝡／蠕 (“squirm; wriggle”) Hán-Nôm : nhuyễn 蠕
蠢 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰjunʔ) : phonetic 春 (OC *tʰjun) + semantic 䖵 (“insects”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceon² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshún • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thún • Middle-Chinese : tsyhwinX to squirm; to wriggle • stupid; foolish • clumsy; awkward squirm, wriggle 蠢 • (jun) · 蠢 • (jun) (hangeul 준, revised jun, McCune–Reischauer chun, Yale cwun) canonical : 蠢: Hán Việt readings: xuẩn 蠢: Nôm readings: xuẩn • canonical : xoáy chữ Hán form of xuẩn (“squirm, wiggle”). 蠢
衍 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 行 (“path; way; to go; to move”) + 水 (“water”). ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 行 (“path; way; to go; to move”) + 水 (“water”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hin² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ián • Middle-Chinese : yenX • Middle-Chinese : yenH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˊ to overflow; to spill over • to spread out; to extend; to develop • superfluous; unnecessary • characters mistakenly added during the copying of a text • (obsolete) lowland; flatland • (obsolete) marsh; bog • (obsolete) mountain slope; hillside • (obsolete) bamboo basket • a surname ‖ (obsolete) to bring in; to invite; to introduce • (Buddhism) yana; vehicle overflow; spill over • derive; spread out 衍 (eum 연 (yeon)) Hán-Nôm : khiên • Hán-Nôm : diễn • Hán-Nôm : giàn • Hán-Nôm : nhản • Hán-Nôm : nhiễn • Hán-Nôm : nhăn 衍
衙 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋraː, *ŋa, *ŋaʔ) : semantic 行 + phonetic 吾 (OC *ŋraː, *ŋaː). \ From 牙 (MC ngae, “tooth”): \ : \ 近代通謂府廷為公衙，公衙即古之公朝也。字本作「牙」。《詩》曰：「祈父予王之爪牙。」祈父，司馬，掌武備，象猛獸，以爪牙為衛。故軍前大旗謂之「牙旗」，出師則有建牙、禡牙之事，軍中聽號令，必至牙旗之下，稱與府朝無異。近俗尚武，是以通呼公府為公牙，府門為牙門。字稱訛變，轉而為「衙」也。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]近代通谓府廷为公衙，公衙即古之公朝也。字本作「牙」。《诗》曰：「祈父予王之爪牙。」祈父，司马，掌武备，象猛兽，以爪牙为卫。故军前大旗谓之「牙旗」，出师则有建牙、祃牙之事，军中听号令，必至牙旗之下，称与府朝无异。近俗尚武，是以通呼公府为公牙，府门为牙门。字称讹变，转而为「衙」也。 [Literary Chinese, simp.] \ From: Tang dynasty, 封演 (Feng Yan), 《封氏聞見記》 (Master Feng's Records of Things Heard and Seen) \ Jìndài tōng wèi fǔtíng wèi gōngyá, gōngyá jí gǔ zhī gōngcháo yě. Zì běn zuò “yá”. “Shī” yuē: “Qífù yǔ wáng zhī zhǎoyá.” Qífù, sīmǎ, zhǎng wǔbèi, xiàng měngshòu, yǐ zhǎoyá wèi wèi. Gù jūn qián dà qí wèi zhī “yáqí”, chūshī zé yǒu jiànyá, màyá zhī shì, jūn zhōng tīng hàolìng, bì zhì yáqí zhī xià, chēng yǔ fǔcháo wú yì. Jìn sú shàngwǔ, shì yǐ tōng hū gōngfǔ wèi gōngyá, fǔmén wèi yámén. Zì chēng ébiàn, zhuǎn ér wèi “yá” yě. [Pinyin] \ In the recent era, the official court is commonly known as gongya ("official tooth"), which is gongchao ("official court") in ancient times. The character is originally 牙. The Classic of Poetry says, "Qifu, we are the claws and teeth of the king." Qifu is the minister of war, who is in charge of weaponry and, like a ferocious beast, defends using his claws and teeth. Hence the large banner before the army is known as the "tooth banner"; when sending the troops out, the tooth banner is erected and offered sacrifices; when listening to military orders, the army must be under the tooth banner; this is no different from the government office. In recent times, military affairs are commonly revered, so the gongfu is known as gongya and the fumen is known as yamen. The character has changed into 衙. ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gêe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gâ • Middle-Chinese : ngae ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁵ • Middle-Chinese : ngjo • Middle-Chinese : ngjoX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ public office • official residence • a surname ‖ Only used in 衙衙 (“walking; marching (of troops)”). ‖ Short for 由衙 (“a kind of bamboo”). • Alternative form of 禦／御 (yù, “to resist; to block”) • Alternative form of 禦／御 (yù, “violent; tyrannical”) 衙 • (a) · 衙 • (a) (hangeul 아, revised a, McCune–Reischauer a, Yale a) 衙
衫 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sroːm) : semantic 衣 + phonetic 彡 (OC *sroːm, *slom). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sann • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sam • Middle-Chinese : sraem (literary or Wu) unlined garment • (literary or Cantonese, Min) shirt; top (Classifier: 件 c; 領／领 mn) • (literary or Cantonese, Hakka, Min, Pinghua) clothing; clothes (Classifier: 套 c; 軀／躯 mn) thin cloth, especially thin silk • thin undergarment, thin underwear • a type of women's clothing, namely the upper part of a two-piece suit 衫 • (sam) · 衫 • (sam) (hangeul 삼, revised sam, McCune–Reischauer sam, Yale sam) Hán-Nôm : sam • Hán-Nôm : oam • Hán-Nôm : sờm 衫
袁 In oracle bone script, ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 衣 (“clothes”) + 又 (“hand”) – "to put on clothes; to wear". Some variant forms added 〇 (the earliest form of 圓 (OC *ɢon, “circle”), now written 口) as a sound component. The component 又 has corrupted into 㞢 in seal script and 土 in clerical script. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uân • Middle-Chinese : hjwon ^‡ (of clothing) long • a surname long kimono 袁 • (won) · 袁 • (won) (hangeul 원, revised won, McCune–Reischauer wŏn, Yale wen) robe Hán-Nôm : viên 袁
袍 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *buː) : semantic 衣 (“clothing”) + phonetic 包 (OC *pruː). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pou⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄠˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phàu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pôo • Middle-Chinese : baw (Chinese-style) long gown, robe, or cloak ‖ 袍(ほう) • (hō) ‖ round-collared skirted over-robe, worn as the outermost layer of court dress. Made of figured silk in winter, and silk-gauze in summer, and dyed according to the rank of the wearer. 袍 • (po) · 袍 • (po) (hangeul 포, revised po, McCune–Reischauer p'o, Yale pho) Hán-Nôm : bào • Hán-Nôm : bâu 袍
袱 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 衣 (“clothes”) + phonetic 伏 (OC *bɯɡs, *bɯɡ) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fuk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ho̍k 袱 (eum 복 (bok)) Hán-Nôm : phục • Hán-Nôm : phất 袱
裏 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯʔ) : semantic 衣 (“clothes”) + phonetic 里 (OC *rɯʔ). ‖ 裏(うら) • (ura) ‖ back; behind; other side • inside • reverse side of a coin ("tails") • (baseball) bottom (of an inning) 裏 (eumhun 속 리 (sok ri), word-initial (South Korea) 속 이 (sok i)) hanja form of 리/이 (“within”) [affix; suffix] Hán-Nôm : lí 裏
裙 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡlun) : semantic 衤 (“clothing”) + phonetic 君 (OC *klun). Cantonese · Jyutping : kwan⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄣˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄣˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kûn • Middle-Chinese : gjun skirt; apron; dress; petticoat (Classifier: 條／条 c) ‖ 裙(くん) • (kun) hem, cuff ‖ hip-wrapped under-skirt worn as part of clerical attire 裙 • (gun) · 裙 • (gun) (hangeul 군, revised gun, McCune–Reischauer kun, Yale kwun) Hán-Nôm : quần pants 裙
裝 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsraŋ, *ʔsraŋs) : phonetic 壯 (OC *ʔsraŋs) + semantic 衣 (“clothes”). ‖ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : zong¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄤ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsonn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsong • Middle-Chinese : tsrjang • Middle-Chinese : tsrjangH ‖ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : zong¹ baggage; luggage; bags • outfit; clothes; clothing • style of dress • items for daily use; dowry • style of bookbinding • style of packaging or storage • to dress up; to attire; to clothe • to feign; to pretend; to make believe • (Hong Kong) to furnish; to refurbish; to renovate; to decorate • to load; to stack; to cram; to fill • to wrap (something in a bag); to put into • to assemble; to install (a fixture, a computer program, etc.) • to hold; to store; to contain • to carry; to convey • to mount; to decorate; to adorn • (Cantonese) to set up; to entrap • 31st tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "packing" (𝌤) • (Hakka) to get injured or damaged after being hit by something ‖ (Sichuanese) to piece together ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 𥊙 裝 (eumhun 꾸밀 장 (kkumil jang)) Hán-Nôm : trang 裝
裹 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kloːlʔ, *kloːls) : semantic 衣 (“clothes”) + phonetic 果 (OC *kloːlʔ). \ Compare with Tibetan སྐོར (skor, “to encircle; to surround; to go around”) (Hill, 2014). ‖ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : gwo² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄛˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kó • Middle-Chinese : kwaX • Middle-Chinese : kwaH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : kauh ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : kauh to wrap; to bind • to encircle; confine; to carry off • a surname: Guo ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 𩛩／𩠃 (“to wrap up”) ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 軋／轧 (“to crush; to run over; to roll flat (of or by a car)”) wrap • pack up • cover • conceal 裹 (eum 과 (gwa)) wrap, bind • encircle, confine Hán-Nôm : khõa • Hán-Nôm : khoã 裹
褂 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 衣 (“clothes”) + phonetic 卦. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄚˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄚˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuà Chinese-style unlined upper garment 褂
褒 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *puː, *puː) : semantic 衣 + phonetic 保 (OC *puːʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *puː, *puː) : semantic 衣 + phonetic 保 (OC *puːʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bou¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : po • Hokkien · Tai-lo : poo • Middle-Chinese : paw ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄡˊ to praise; to honor; to commend • positive polarity • to have large 衣襟 (yījīn) • large; vast; wide • (historical) A mountain valley in the east of Mian County, Shaanxi Province. • (historical) An ancient state whose city is in the east of Mian County, Shaanxi Province. ‖ Alternative form of 裒 (póu, “to gather; to collect”) praise, commend • compliment, congratulate, give a pat on the back to • speak well of, speak highly of, recommend • acclaim, extol, applaud [figuratively], sing the praises of [figuratively] • honor, exalt, glorify • admire, look up to, render homage to, express admiration for 褒 • (po, bo, bu) · 褒 • (po, bo, bu) (hangeul 포, 보, 부, revised po, bo, bu, McCune–Reischauer p'o, po, pu, Yale pho, po, pu) canonical : 褒: Hán Việt readings: bao 褒: Nôm readings: bao chữ Hán form of bao (“to praise; to honor; to commend”). 褒
褥 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *nuːɡ, *njoɡ) : semantic 衣 + phonetic 辱 (OC *njoɡ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : juk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lio̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jio̍k • Middle-Chinese : nowk • Middle-Chinese : nyowk cotton-padded mattress; mattress; cushion • bedding ‖ 褥(しとね) • (shitone) ‖ mattress, cushion 褥 • (yok) · 褥 • (yok) (hangeul 욕, revised yok, McCune–Reischauer yok, Yale yok) 褥
褪 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *n̥ʰuːns) : semantic 衣 (“clothing”) + phonetic 退 (OC *n̥ʰuːbs). Considered a 後起字／后起字 (hòuqǐzì). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *n̥ʰuːns) : semantic 衣 (“clothing”) + phonetic 退 (OC *n̥ʰuːbs). Considered a 後起字／后起字 (hòuqǐzì). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tan³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : teoi³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thùn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thǹg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuìnn ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tan³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : teoi³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thǹg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuìnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thèr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thè to take off (clothes) • to hide in one's sleeve • (Cantonese) to retreat; to move back • (Cantonese) to move; to shift • (Cantonese) to make something available • (Cantonese) to withdraw • (Cantonese, Southern Min) to transfer; to give to somebody else ‖ to shed (feathers) • to discolour; to fade fade; discolour 褪 (eum 퇴 (toe)) Hán-Nôm : thoái 褪
覺 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kruːɡs, *kruːɡ) : abbreviated phonetic 學 (OC *ɡruːɡ) + semantic 見 (“see”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kruk (“rouse; awaken; disturb”). Cognate with Old Chinese 學 (*ɡruːɡ, “to learn; to study”), 攪 (*kruːʔ, “to disturb”), Tibetan དཀྲོག (dkrog, “to agitate; to rouse”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kruːɡs, *kruːɡ) : abbreviated phonetic 學 (OC *ɡruːɡ) + semantic 見 (“see”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kruk (“rouse; awaken; disturb”). Cognate with Old Chinese 學 (*ɡruːɡ, “to learn; to study”), 攪 (*kruːʔ, “to disturb”), Tibetan དཀྲོག (dkrog, “to agitate; to rouse”). Cantonese · Jyutping : gok³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kak • Middle-Chinese : kaewk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kàu • Middle-Chinese : kaewH (literary) to wake up • to become aware; to dawn on; to awaken to • to feel; to think • sense; sensation; feeling • a surname: Jue ‖ to wake up from sleep • sleep; nap • Classifier for periods of sleep. • Alternative form of 較／较 to wake up from sleep • conscious • to enlighten • awake • to remember • remembrance 覺 (eumhun 깨달을 각 (kkaedareul gak)) · 覺 (eumhun 깰 교 (kkael gyo)) Hán-Nôm : giác • Hán-Nôm : nhác • Hán-Nôm : rác • Hán-Nôm : dác 覺
覽 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·raːmʔ) : phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms) + semantic 見 (“see”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laam⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lám • Middle-Chinese : lamX to look at; to view; to inspect; to perceive • to read • Alternative form of 攬／揽 (lǎn, “to take on; to adopt”) look at, inspect • perceive 覽 (eumhun 볼 람 (bol ram), word-initial (South Korea) 볼 남 (bol nam)) hanja form of 람 (“look at, inspect”) Hán-Nôm : lãm 覽
觀 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koːn, *koːns) : phonetic 雚 (OC *koːns) + semantic 見 (“see”). \ “To watch; to observe” (Pronunciation 1) > “watchtower; platform; temple” (Pronunciation 2). \ Schuessler (2007) connects it with 侯 (OC *ɡoː, “target”) and 候 (OC *ɡoːs, “to watch; to be on the lookout for; to wait”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koːn, *koːns) : phonetic 雚 (OC *koːns) + semantic 見 (“see”). \ “To watch; to observe” (Pronunciation 1) > “watchtower; platform; temple” (Pronunciation 2). \ Schuessler (2007) connects it with 侯 (OC *ɡoː, “target”) and 候 (OC *ɡoːs, “to watch; to be on the lookout for; to wait”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuan • Middle-Chinese : kwan ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gun³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuànn • Middle-Chinese : kwanH to observe; to watch; to view; to see • to observe closely; to scrutinise; to investigate • to read; to peruse • to display; to show • to visit; to go sightseeing • to play; to enjoy • appearance; looks • sight; view; perspective • concept; outlook • a surname ‖ (historical) watchtower on either side of a palace gate • (historical) platform; stage; dais; rostrum • (Taoism) Taoist temple • 20th hexagram of the I Ching • a surname Kyūjitai form of 観 (to see, observe; appearance) 觀 (eumhun 볼 관 (bol gwan)) hanja form of 관 (“to see; to observe; to view”) • hanja form of 관 (“appearance; looks”) • hanja form of 관 (“sight; view; perspective”) • hanja form of 관 (“Taoist temple”) Hán-Nôm : quan • Hán-Nôm : quán 觀
觸 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰjoɡ) : semantic 角 + phonetic 蜀 (OC *djoɡ). \ Compare Tibetan གཏུག (gtug, “to meet; to touch”) (Hill, 2019). \ The internet slang sense is a phonetic borrowing from English true. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshik • Middle-Chinese : tsyhowk to touch; to come in contact with • to butt; to ram; to gore (as with animal horns) • to affront; to offend; to violate • to stir up; to invoke; to cause (feelings, etc.) • (Hokkien) to argue; to have a row; to come to blows; to scuffle • (Hokkien) to come into contact with a hard object (stone, horns, etc.) • (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) to take a bit of notes (with a pen or pencil) • a surname • (Taiwan, Internet slang) true (interjection of approval) to touch; to contact 觸 • (chok) · 觸 • (chok) (hangeul 촉, revised chok, McCune–Reischauer ch'ok, Yale chok) 觸
訃 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hù • Middle-Chinese : phjuH news of one's death • obituary 訃 • (bu) · 訃 • (bu) (hangeul 부, revised bu, McCune–Reischauer pu, Yale pu) 訃
託 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰaːɡ) : semantic 言 + phonetic 乇 (OC *ʔr'aːɡ). Cantonese · Jyutping : tok³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄛ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thok • Middle-Chinese : thak to entrust (to someone's care); to commit (something) to someone's care • to rely on; to depend on • to entrust (someone) with something; to assign responsibility for • to give as a pretext; to feign consign • requesting • entrusting with • pretend • hint 託 • (tak) · 託 • (tak) (hangeul 탁, revised tak, McCune–Reischauer t'ak, Yale thak) Hán-Nôm : thác 託
診 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯns, *kljɯnʔ) : semantic 言 + phonetic 㐱 (). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : can² • Cantonese · Jyutping : zan² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsín • Middle-Chinese : tsyinX • Middle-Chinese : drinH (medicine) to examine (a patient); to diagnose examine 診 • (jin) · 診 • (jin) (hangeul 진, revised jin, McCune–Reischauer chin, Yale cin) canonical : 診: Hán Việt readings: chẩn 診
詔 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjews) : semantic 言 (“word; speech”) + phonetic 召 (OC *dews, *djews) \ Perhaps related to 召 (OC *dews, *djews, “to call; to summon”) (Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ziu³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ziu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiàu • Middle-Chinese : tsyewH imperial decree • to decree; to proclaim • (historical) leader or king of non-Han peoples ‖ 詔(しょう) • (shō) ^(←せう (seu)?) ‖ 詔(みことのり) • (mikotonori) imperial decree; imperial edict ‖ imperial edict ‖ imperial edict 詔 • (jo) · 詔 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho, Yale co) Hán-Nôm : chiếu 詔
詣 By Shuowen and Jitsū, and following Zhengzhang (2003), a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋɡiːs) : semantic 言 + phonetic 旨 (OC *kjiʔ). \ Alternatively, ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 言 (“speech”) + 旨 (“delicious”) — word use so skilled as to be delicious. The first interpretation is seemingly most accepted. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gē • Middle-Chinese : ngejH to go to or visit or call upon a superior • achievement or accomplishment arrive • attain 詣 • (ye) · 詣 • (ye) (hangeul 예, revised ye, McCune–Reischauer ye, Yale yey) canonical : 詣: Hán Việt readings: nghệ 詣
詮 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰlon) : semantic 言 + phonetic 全 (OC *zlon). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuân • Middle-Chinese : tshjwen to explain ‖ discussion ‖ 詮 • (jeon) · 詮 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen) Hán-Nôm : thuyên 詮
詰 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kit³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gat¹ • Middle-Chinese : khjit to ask; to enquire • to question; to interrogate; to call to account • to investigate and handle • the next day; tomorrow • bent; twisty 詰 • (hil) · 詰 • (hil) (hangeul 힐, revised hil, McCune–Reischauer hil, Yale hil) canonical : 詰: Hán Việt readings: cật 詰: Nôm readings: cật • canonical : gạt • canonical : gật • canonical : cợt • canonical : gợt • canonical : ngặt chữ Hán form of cật (“ask, question, interrogate, investigate”). • Nôm form of gạt (“dupe, trick”). • Nôm form of gật (“nod one's head in approval”). • Nôm form of ngặt (“strict, rigorous, impoverished”). 詰
誦 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljoŋs) : semantic 言 + phonetic 甬 (OC *loŋʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zung⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siòng • Middle-Chinese : zjowngH to read aloud • to recount • to recite; to chant 誦 (eumhun 외울 송 (oe'ul song)) hanja form of 송 (“to recite; to read aloud”) canonical : 誦: Hán Việt readings: tụng 誦: Nôm readings: tụng • canonical : tọng • canonical : tộng chữ Hán form of tụng (“to recite”). 誦
諒 ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : loeng⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liāng • Middle-Chinese : ljangH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : loeng⁴ to forgive; to sympathise • to believe • honest • presumably ‖ ‖ 諒(りょう) • (Ryō) (noun) truth ‖ a male given name 諒 (eumhun 믿을 량 (mideul ryang), word-initial (South Korea) 믿을 양 (mideul yang)) hanja form of 량/양 (“excuse, forgive”) • hanja form of 량/양 (“guess, presume”) Hán-Nôm : lượng • Hán-Nôm : lạng 諒
諦 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *teːɡs) : semantic 言 + phonetic 帝 (OC *teːɡs). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dai³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tè • Middle-Chinese : tejH to examine; to scrutinise • careful; attentive • principle; basis; essence • (Buddhism) truth • (Cantonese) to satirize; to mock; to ridicule; to have a dig at to give up 諦 • (che) · 諦 • (che) (hangeul 체, revised che, McCune–Reischauer ch'e, Yale chey) Hán-Nôm : đế 諦
諧 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hâi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uê • Middle-Chinese : heaj to harmonize; to coordinate; to fit together • harmonious; coordinated; congruous • joke; jest • (Quanzhou Hokkien) to persuade; to advise accord, harmony 諧 • (hae) · 諧 • (hae) (hangeul 해, revised hae, McCune–Reischauer hae, Yale hay) Hán-Nôm : hài • Hán-Nôm : giai 諧
諭 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *los) : semantic 言 + phonetic 俞 (OC *l̥ʰus, *lo). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jū • Middle-Chinese : yuH (literary) to instruct; to tell • to understand; to know • order from above; imperial decree • to make known; to make clear • to liken; to compare ‖ 諭(さとし) • (Satoshi) ‖ a male given name 諭 (eumhun 타이를 유 (taireul yu)) hanja form of 유 (“instruct”) Hán-Nôm : dụ 諭
諮 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsli) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : phonetic 咨 (OC *ʔsli, “to consult”) + semantic 言 (“speak”). consultation 諮 • (ja) · 諮 • (ja) (hangeul 자, revised ja, McCune–Reischauer cha, Yale ca) canonical : 諮: Hán Việt readings: ti • canonical : tư 諮
謂 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢuds) : semantic 訁 + phonetic 胃 (OC *ɢuds). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uī • Middle-Chinese : hjw+jH to say; to tell • to call; to name • meaning; sense • a surname reason • origin • history • oral tradition 謂 (eumhun 고할 위 (gohal wi)) ‖ 謂 (eumhun 이를 위 (ireul wi)) say • tell ‖ call • name • be called Hán-Nôm : vị 謂
謄 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯːŋ) : phonetic 朕 (OC *l'ɯmʔ) + semantic 言 (“say”) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tang⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thn̂g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thîng • Middle-Chinese : dong to transcribe; to copy to transcribe; to copy 謄 (eumhun 베낄 등 (bekkil deung)) to copy • to mimeograph • to transcribe canonical : 謄: Hán Việt readings: đằng 謄
謎 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *miː, *miːs) : semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 迷 (OC *miː, “to be lost”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mai⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mai⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˊㄦ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˋㄦ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄟˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bî • Middle-Chinese : mejH puzzle; riddle • mystery; enigma riddle • puzzle • enigma • hint • tip 謎 (eumhun 수수께끼 미 (susukkekki mi)) hanja form of 미 (“riddle”) 謎
謠 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lew) : semantic 言 + phonetic 䍃 (). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iâu • Middle-Chinese : yew (alt. form 䚻, 繇, 猶／犹 (yóu)^‡) to sing without instruments • (alt. form 䚻, 繇) folk song; ballad • fake circulating words; false rumour 謠 (eumhun 노래 요 (norae yo)) hanja form of 요 (“a song”) Hán-Nôm : dao 謠
證 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjɯŋs) : semantic 言 + phonetic 登 (OC *tɯːŋ). \ Cognate with 徵 (OC *tɯŋ, “to summon; to testify”). \ Related to Khmer ទៀង (tiəng, “true; exact”), Khmer ផ្ទៀង (phtiəng, “to correct; to verify”), but they may be Chinese loans. Perhaps related to 貞 (OC *teŋ, “to test; to verify”) and 真 (OC *ʔljin, “true”) (Schuessler, 2007). Cantonese · Jyutping : zing³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsìng • Middle-Chinese : tsyingH to prove; to testify; to verify • proof; evidence · identification; identity document; credential; papers; ID card • proof; evidence · (transgender slang) diagnosis of transsexualism, gender identity disorder, or gender dysphoria • proof; evidence • Original form of 症 (zhèng). • a surname: Zheng Kyūjitai form of 証 證 • (jeung) · 證 • (jeung) (hangeul 증, revised jeung, McCune–Reischauer chŭng, Yale cung) certificate, card canonical : 證: Hán Việt readings: chứng 證: Hán Nôm readings: chững • canonical : chống • canonical : chừng chữ Hán form of chứng (“proof”). 證
譬 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phì • Middle-Chinese : phjieH to make an analogy • analogy; metaphor • (literary) to inform; to explain • (literary) to understand illustrate 譬 • (bi) · 譬 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi, Yale pi) Hán-Nôm : thí • Hán-Nôm : thía • Hán-Nôm : tỉ • Hán-Nôm : ví 譬
譯 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *laːɡ) : semantic 言 (“say”) + phonetic 睪 (OC *neb, *laːɡ, *kuː). \ Same word as 繹 (OC *laːɡ, “to unravel”) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for more. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : i̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia̍k • Middle-Chinese : yek to translate; to interpret • to decode; to decipher • a surname 譯 • (yeok) · 譯 • (yeok) (hangeul 역, revised yeok, McCune–Reischauer yŏk, Yale yek) canonical : 譯: Hán Việt readings: dịch chữ Hán form of dịch (“to translate; translation”). 譯
譽 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *la, *las) : phonetic 與 (OC *la, *laʔ, *las) + semantic 言 (“say”). \ Both 譽 (OC *las, “renown, praise (n.)”) and 譽 (OC *la, “to praise (v.)”) are related; the latter in turn is related to 舁 (OC *la, “to shoulder, to lift”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ Ultimate origin is Sino-Tibetan: compare Tibetan རླ (rla) & བླ (bla, “over, above, upper, higher, superior”) (Schuessler, 2007; Coblin, 1986). \ This word family is allofamic to 揚 (OC *laŋ), its Tibeto-Burman cognates, & ancestor Proto-Sino-Tibetan *laŋ; as well as 輿 (OC *la, *las) & 舉 (OC *klaʔ) (Schuessler, 2007, see also Baxter & Sagart, 1998). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : īr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ī • Middle-Chinese : yo • Middle-Chinese : yoH fame; reputation • to praise 譽 • (ye) · 譽 • (ye) (hangeul 예, revised ye, McCune–Reischauer ye, Yale yey) Hán-Nôm : dự • Hán-Nôm : dư 譽
讀 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'oːɡ) : semantic 言 (“to say”) + phonetic 𧶠 (OC *luɡ). \ “To say aloud, to tell” (Shijing) > “to recite” > “to read”. \ Cognate with Tibetan ཀློག (klog, “to read; to recite”). Starostin sets up Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k-lok (“to recite; to give notice”) for this, and also includes Burmese လျှောက် (hlyauk, “to tell; to ask; to petition; word-for-word translation; indiscriminately”) and Mizo thlûk (“accent, tone, intonation”). Related to 讟 (OC *l'oːɡ, “resentment, slander < to grumble; complaint”). \ STEDT provisionally sets up Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-g-(l/r)əwk (“to read”), relating it to 牘 (OC *l'oːɡ, “tablet”). \ Sagart (1999) argues that “read” cannot be the primary meaning, since existence of the concept “to read” before the invention of writing is questionable. There is likely no writing at the time of the split between Chinese and other Sino-Tibetan languages, therefore the Tibetan word may represent a borrowing from Chinese. ‖ A late attested reading. Starostin thinks it is from the *-s pronunciation of Etymology 1. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tha̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tho̍k • Middle-Chinese : duwk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄡˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tōo to say aloud; to tell • to read (silently); to peruse • to read aloud; to read out • to study • to pronounce (a character, a word, etc.) • pronunciation ‖ short pause in reading; part of a sentence; clause to read • (とう) phrase, clause, part of a sentence, e.g. 読点 (lit. "clause mark", i.e. comma) 讀 (eumhun 읽을 독 (ilgeul dok)) ‖ 讀 (eumhun 구절 두 (gujeol du)) hanja form of 독 (“to read”) ‖ hanja form of 두 (“short pause in reading, part of a sentence, clause”) Hán-Nôm : độc • Hán-Nôm : đọc • Hán-Nôm : đậu • Hán-Nôm : đặt 讀
變 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *prons) : phonetic 䜌 (OC *b·roːn, *b·ron, *b·rons) + semantic 攴. \ Likely related to 亂 (OC *roːns, “disorder”) (Baxter, 1992). Perhaps related to Tibetan སྤྲུལ་བ (sprul ba, “to transform”) (Shi, 2000)and Burmese ပြောင်း (praung:, “to change”). Cantonese · Jyutping : bin³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pìnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piàn • Middle-Chinese : pjenH (intransitive) to change (by itself); to transform • (transitive) to change (something in some way); to alter; to transform • (intransitive) to become; to turn into; to change into • (transitive) to sell off (one's property) • (intransitive) to be flexible (when dealing with matters); to accommodate to circumstances • to perform a magic trick • sudden major change; unexpected change of events • changeable; changing • grotesque thing • (Buddhism) bianwen (form of narrative literature from the Tang dynasty) • (Hokkien) to do (bad things) ‖ change • strange ‖ 變 (eumhun 변할 변 (byeonhal byeon)) hanja form of 변 (“change”) Hán-Nôm : biến • Hán-Nôm : bén • Hán-Nôm : bến 變
讓 The exopassive of 攘 (OC *njaŋ, *njaŋʔ, *njaŋs, “to remove”) ("to remove" > ("to remove oneself") > "to yield; to concede"). \ Cognate with 攘 (OC *njaŋ, *njaŋʔ, *njaŋs, “to remove; to steal”), 禳 (OC *njaŋ, “to expel; to sacrifice to expel disasters”), Tibetan གནང (gnang, “to give; to grant”), Burmese နှင်း (hnang:, “to confer; to grant”), Burmese နှင် (hnang, “to drive away; to expel”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Borrowed from French Jean. ‖ to allow; to let; to permit • to ask (someone to do something); to get (someone to do something); to have (someone do something) • to yield; to concede • (driving) to yield; to give way • by (passive signifier) • (literary) to criticise; to reproach ‖ A transliteration of the French surname and male given name Jean 讓 • (yang) · 讓 • (yang) (hangeul 양) Hán-Nôm : nhượng • Hán-Nôm : nhường • Hán-Nôm : nhằng • Hán-Nôm : nhàng • Hán-Nôm : lâm 讓
讚 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsaːns) : semantic 言 (“say”) + phonetic 贊 (OC *ʔsaːns). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaan³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsàn • Middle-Chinese : tsanH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsán to praise; to commend; to eulogize • (Internet, social media) to like ‖ (chiefly Southern Min, Taiwanese Mandarin) cool; awesome praise • picture title 讚 (eumhun 기릴 찬 (giril chan)) hanja form of 찬 (“to praise; to laud”) [verbal root; affix] Hán-Nôm : tán 讚
豁 ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kut³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hat • Middle-Chinese : xwat ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : kut³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄛ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huat • Middle-Chinese : xwat ‖ open; clear; open-minded • to exempt; to remit • a surname ‖ to slit; to crack • to give up; to sacrifice; to risk one's life ‖ to cheat; to fool • to coax empty 豁 • (hwal) · 豁 • (hwal) (hangeul 활, revised hwal, McCune–Reischauer hwal, Yale hwal) drain off • open, wide Hán-Nôm : khoát • Hán-Nôm : hoát • Hán-Nôm : khoạt 豁
豈 Possibly a variation of 壴 with the top part modified. May have been the original form of 凱 (“music of triumph”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hei² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khí • Middle-Chinese : khj+jX (literary, rhetorical question) how; how can it be that (used in rhetorical questions) • (dated) possibly; perhaps (modal particle indicating tentativeness) ‖ 豈(あに) • (ani) an interjection of surprise ‖ a rhetorical interrogative: (just) how • expresses a strong denial: not at all, not in the least 豈 (eumhun 어찌 기 (eojji gi)) · 豈 (eumhun 승전악 개 (seungjeonak gae)) hanja form of 기 (“how, what”) canonical : 豈: Hán Việt readings: khởi 豈
豌 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qoːn) : semantic 豆 (“bean; pea”) + phonetic 宛 (OC *qon, *qonʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wun¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wun² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uán • Middle-Chinese : 'wan Only used in 豌豆 (wāndòu). pea 豌 • (wan) · 豌 • (wan) (hangeul 완, revised wan, McCune–Reischauer wan, Yale wan) Hán-Nôm : oản • Hán-Nôm : uyển 豌
豐 Ideogram (指事) – a pot full of flowers (abundance, plenty). \ Bottom is cognate to 豆, both being a pot on a stand. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hong • Middle-Chinese : phjuwng luxuriant; lush • abundant; bountiful; plenty • well-developed; full-grown; shapely; plump • large; great • to enhance; to enlarge • 55th hexagram of the I Ching • Feng, a surname • (historical) Feng (a former capital of China) 豐 • (pung) · 豐 • (pung) (hangeul 풍, revised pung, McCune–Reischauer p'ung, Yale phung) the 55th hexagram ䷶ (“abundance”) Hán-Nôm : phong 豐
豹 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *preːwɢs) : semantic 豸 (“beast; creature”) + phonetic 勺 (OC *pljewɢ, *bljewɢ). Pictogram (象形) in the oracle bone script. \ Exopassive derivative of 駁 (OC *praːwɢ, “piebald (horse)”), literally "the spotted one"; ultimately from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *bruk (“piebald; speckled”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pà • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pàu • Middle-Chinese : paewH leopard; panther (often more specifically Panthera pardus) (Classifier: 隻／只 m c mn) • a surname ‖ 豹(ひょう) or 豹(ヒョウ) • (hyō) ^(←へう (feu) or ヘウ (feu)?) ‖ a leopard (a large wild cat with a spotted coat, Panthera pardus) 豹 (eumhun 표범 표 (pyobeom pyo)) hanja form of 표 (“leopard; panther”) Hán-Nôm : báo • Hán-Nôm : beo • Hán-Nôm : bươu chữ Hán form of báo (“spotted big cat”). • Nôm form of beo (“spotted big cat”). 豹
豺 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zrɯː) : semantic 豸 (“creature”) + phonetic 才 (OC *zlɯː, *zlɯːs). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄞˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsâi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshâi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siânn • Middle-Chinese : dzreaj dhole (Cuon alpinus) 豺 (eumhun 승냥이 시 (seungnyang'i si)) hanja form of 시 (“dhole”) canonical : 豺: Hán Việt readings: sài 豺: Nôm readings: sài • canonical : rài 豺
貼 table ‖ table \ From English tip. See also 貼士／贴士 (tip³⁻¹ si⁶⁻², “tips”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄝ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tip³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiap • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thueh • Middle-Chinese : thep ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : tip¹ to paste to; to stick on • to be attached to • (Cantonese) close (at little distance) ‖ (Cantonese) to predict; to guess; to bet on the outcome stick; apply; paste 貼 (eumhun 붙일 첩 (buchil cheop)) hanja form of 첩 (“stick; adhere”) 貼
賂 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lōo • Middle-Chinese : luH bribe; bribery • to bribe; to buy off • (literary) to present (a gift) • (literary) money and goods as gifts; (in general) money and goods 賂 (eumhun 뇌물 뢰 (noemul roe), word-initial (South Korea) 뇌물 뇌 (noemul noe)) hanja form of 뢰/뇌 (“bribe; bribery”) Hán-Nôm : lộ 賂
賄 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰʷɯːʔ) : semantic 貝 (“cowry; money”) + phonetic 有 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hé • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hér • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hué • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huè • Middle-Chinese : xwojX (literary) property; belongings • (literary) to give a gift • to bribe • bribe to pay • to supply 賄 (eumhun 뇌물(賂物) 회) · 賄 (eumhun 재물(財物) 회) hanja form of 회 (“bribe; bribery”) • hanja form of 회 (“property; belongings”) Hán-Nôm : hối 賄
賠 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pui⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pêr to suffer a financial loss • to compensate • to apologize compensation 賠 • (bae) · 賠 • (bae) (hangeul 배, revised bae, McCune–Reischauer pae, Yale pay) 賠
賣 Characters in the same phonetic series (買) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Originally 𧷓, an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mreːs) : semantic 出 (“go out”) + phonetic 買 (OC *mreːʔ, “buy”). \ 出, which indicates exoactive semantics (Sagart, 1999), was eventually reduced to the etymologically unrelated 士. \ Unrelated to 𧶠, which is used as a phonetic component in a number of characters. \ Exoactive of 買 (OC *mreːʔ, “to buy”) (Sagart, 1995; Schuessler, 2007; Baxter and Sagart, 2014), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/m/s-laj ~ *r/s-lej ~ *b-rej (“to buy; to barter”); see there for more. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄞˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : buē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : buě • Hokkien · Tai-lo : māi • Middle-Chinese : meaH to sell • to betray; to sell out • to spare no effort; to do one's best • to show off • (Cantonese, of the media) to publish (a piece of news) to sell 賣 (eumhun 팔 매 (pal mae)) hanja form of 매 (“to sell”) canonical : 賣: Hán Việt readings: mại 賣: Nôm readings: mải • canonical : mợi chữ Hán form of mại (“to sell”). 賣
賤 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zlens) : semantic 貝 + phonetic 戔 (OC *zlaːn). Cantonese · Jyutping : zin⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuānn • Middle-Chinese : dzjenH cheap; inexpensive • lowly; low-ranking; poor; plebeian • bad; inferior; poor • mean; base; despicable; obnoxious • (colloquial, derogatory) mean, bitchy, annoying • (colloquial, derogatory) self-deprecating especially when someone insists so much on something, puts so much effort to something but gets nothing they wish for, for example in a romantic relationship • (humble) my • (Min) naughty; restless • to look down upon; to despise • to hate; to detest • a surname: Jian cheap, worthless • low-ranking, inferior, humble, plebeian • to despise; to look down upon 賤 • (cheon) · 賤 • (cheon) (hangeul 천) Hán-Nôm : tiện 賤
賭 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tóo • Middle-Chinese : tuX to gamble; to bet money • (in general) to make a bet; to place a wager bet 賭 • (do) · 賭 • (do) (hangeul 도, revised do, McCune–Reischauer to, Yale to) Hán-Nôm : đổ 賭
賴 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raːds) : phonetic 剌 (OC *raːd) + semantic 貝 (“cowry”) – to profit. ‖ ‖ From English line. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄞˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nuā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lāi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nāi • Middle-Chinese : lajH ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : laai⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄞˋ to rely; to depend on • to accuse falsely • shameless; impudent; cheeky; brazen • (colloquial) bad • to hang on in a place; to drag out one's stay in a place • to disavow; to deny • to falsely incriminate • to blame; to put the blame upon • a surname ‖ to leave behind; to forget to bring ‖ (Taiwan, colloquial) Line (an instant messaging software) request, rely • depend on • accuse falsely 賴 (eumhun 힘 입을 뢰 (him ibeul roe), word-initial (South Korea) 힘 입을 뇌 (him ibeul noe)) hanja form of 뢰/뇌 (“rely, depend on”) • hanja form of 뢰/뇌 (“accuse falsely”) Hán-Nôm : lại • Hán-Nôm : nái • Hán-Nôm : trái 賴
購 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koːs) : semantic 貝 (“shellfish”) + phonetic 冓 (OC *koː, *koːs). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kau³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kòo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kio • Hokkien · Tai-lo : káng • Middle-Chinese : kuwH to buy; to purchase • (literary) to offer an award (e.g. for the capture of a criminal) • (literary) to hire to buy, to purchase 購 • (gu) · 購 • (gu) (hangeul 구) Hán-Nôm : cấu 購
贊 Originally 賛. Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 㚘 + 貝 (“money”) – to help with money. \ Now phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsaːns) : phonetic 兟 (OC *srin) + semantic 貝 (“money”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsàn • Middle-Chinese : tsanH to help; to support • to agree • (literature) a form and style of writing that summarizes and concludes a narrative, biography, or portrait, etc. Kyūjitai form of 賛 (help, assist, support) 贊 (eum 찬 (chan)) Hán-Nôm : tán 贊
赫 Duplication of 赤 (“red”), with 赤 (OC *kʰljaɡ) acting as the phonetic component. ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haak¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hak¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : herk • Middle-Chinese : xaek ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : niah bright red • bright; luminous • distinguished; eminent; glorious; awe-inspiring • to display; to show off • Alternative form of 嚇／吓 (hè, “to frighten”) • angrily; furiously • (physics) Short for 赫茲／赫兹 (Hèzī, “hertz”). • a surname ‖ (Southern Min) to be frightened 赫 • (hyeok) · 赫 • (hyeok) (hangeul 혁, revised hyeok, McCune–Reischauer hyŏk, Yale hyek) Hán-Nôm : hách • Hán-Nôm : hích 赫
趁 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *nlanʔ, *l̥ʰɯns, *l'ɯn) : semantic 走 (“to run”) + phonetic 㐱 (). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : can³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thìn • Middle-Chinese : drin • Middle-Chinese : nrjenX • Middle-Chinese : trhinH (literary or Min) to chase; to pursue • (literary or Min) to follow; to accompany • to take advantage of (time, opportunity, etc); to avail oneself of • (Min) to earn (money) • (Mandarin, colloquial) to have a lot of • used to indicate a present situation: while circumstances are optimal • (Eastern Min) from; since • (Mainland China Hokkien) to imitate (someone) • (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) to shoo away; to drive away (poultry or livestock) 趁 • (jin, jeon) · 趁 • (jin, jeon) (hangeul 진, 전, revised jin, jeon, McCune–Reischauer chin, chŏn, Yale cin, cen) canonical : 趁: Hán Việt readings: sấn 趁: Nôm readings: sấn • canonical : sán • canonical : sắn • canonical : sớn • canonical : thấn • canonical : xớn chữ Hán form of sấn (“chase, "while it is still/right..."”). 趁
趟 Considered a 後起字／后起字 (hòuqǐzì). Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰaːŋs, *rtaːŋ, *rtaːŋs) : semantic 走 (“run”) + phonetic 尚 (OC *djaŋ, *djaŋs). ‖ Considered a 後起字／后起字 (hòuqǐzì). Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰaːŋs, *rtaːŋ, *rtaːŋs) : semantic 走 (“run”) + phonetic 尚 (OC *djaŋ, *djaŋs). ‖ Considered a 後起字／后起字 (hòuqǐzì). Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰaːŋs, *rtaːŋ, *rtaːŋs) : semantic 走 (“run”) + phonetic 尚 (OC *djaŋ, *djaŋs). ‖ Considered a 後起字／后起字 (hòuqǐzì). Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰaːŋs, *rtaːŋ, *rtaːŋs) : semantic 走 (“run”) + phonetic 尚 (OC *djaŋ, *djaŋs). ‖ Considered a 後起字／后起字 (hòuqǐzì). Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰaːŋs, *rtaːŋ, *rtaːŋs) : semantic 走 (“run”) + phonetic 尚 (OC *djaŋ, *djaŋs). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tong³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄤ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥ • Middle-Chinese : traeng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥˋ • Middle-Chinese : traengH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄥˊ to take a journey • time; occasion • Classifier for journeys or occasions. ‖ Alternative form of 蹚 (tāng, “to wade; to ford”) ‖ Used in 週趟 (“jumping; leaping”). • (ideophonic) jumping; leaping ‖ Only used in 週趟 (“walking; tottering; staggering”). ‖ Only used in 週趟 (“escaping in fear”). 趟
趴 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 八 (OC *preːd). ‖ Borrowed from Japanese パーセント (pāsento), from English percent. ‖ Clipping of 趴體／趴体 (pātǐ), from English party. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pha ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄚ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄚ to lie on one's stomach • to rest one's upper body on a surface; to bend over a surface ‖ (Taiwan) percent ‖ (informal) party Hán-Nôm : bát • Hán-Nôm : vát 趴
趾 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kjɯʔ) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 止 (OC *kjɯʔ) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsí • Middle-Chinese : tsyiX (anatomy) toe; foot • track; footprint ‖ 趾(あしゆび) • (ashiyubi) toe ‖ (anatomy) toe 趾 • (ji) · 趾 • (ji) (hangeul 지, revised ji, McCune–Reischauer chi, Yale ci) Hán-Nôm : chỉ • Hán-Nôm : nhảy 趾
跋 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːd) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 犮 (OC *boːd). \ Cognate with 茇 (OC *poːd, “roots of grass”) (Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bat⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : but⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pua̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pua̍t • Middle-Chinese : bat (Min) to tumble; to fall down • (Min) to toss; to throw (dice, moon blocks, etc.) • (Southern Min) to gamble • (Hokkien) to use (a scheme, trick, etc.) • to trample; to step; to step on • to trek; to walk; to go by foot; to travel on land • (Hakka) to get up • (Hakka) to climb • (Mainland China Hokkien) to go down; to drop (price, etc.) • (Zhangzhou Hokkien, Wu) to turn around • base of a candle • postscript; epilogue; colophon • a surname 跋 (eum 발 (bal)) Hán-Nôm : bạt 跋
跌 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'iːɡ) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 失 (OC *hliɡ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄝ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dit³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : daat³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tia̍t • Middle-Chinese : det to fall down • (Cantonese, Hakka, transitive) to drop; to lose • to fall (from the sky); to crash; to drop • (of price, stock) to fall; to drop to slip • to stumble 跌 • (jil) · 跌 • (jil) (hangeul 질, revised jil, McCune–Reischauer chil, Yale cil) canonical : 跌: Hán Việt readings: điệt • canonical : trật 跌: Nôm readings: chợt • canonical : trượt • canonical : trớt • canonical : trặc • canonical : xớt • canonical : xợt • canonical : đột Nôm form of trật (“to miss, to be incorrect, to dislocate”). • Nôm form of trượt (“to slip, to fail, to fall”). 跌
跑 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bruː, *bruːɡ) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 包 (OC *pruː). \ Compare Proto-Loloish *paw¹ (“to flee”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ The computing sense is a semantic loan from English run. ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄠˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pháu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pâu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄠˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phâu • Middle-Chinese : baew ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Middle-Chinese : baewk to run • to run away; to flee • (dialectal) to walk; to stroll; to go to • to rush about; to make the rounds; to be busy • to leak; to evaporate • to go away; to be gone; to be lost • (computing, colloquial) to run (a program) • (Xiamen, Quanzhou and Zhangzhou Hokkien) well-liked; popular • (Taiwanese Hokkien) to steal and run away ‖ (of an animal) to paw the earth ‖ run • flee • leave in hurry • trot, trotting 跑 (eumhun 허빌 포 (heobil po)) Hán-Nôm : bão • Hán-Nôm : bào 跑
跛 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *prals, *paːlʔ) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 皮 (OC *bral). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(p/b)aːj (“lame; limp; askew”); compare Proto-Kuki-Chin *ɓa(a)j ~ *pa(a)j (“lame; limp”), Burmese ဖဲ (hpai:, “to avoid”), ဖယ် (hpai, “to push aside”), ပယ် (pai, “to reject”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007; Hill, 2014). \ Colloquial readings in some southern varieties preserve the Old Chinese rime (Schuessler, 2007); the colloquial word is written as 𨃅 in Southwestern Mandarin and Xiang. ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : bai¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bo² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pái • Hokkien · Tai-lo : páinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pó • Middle-Chinese : paX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei³ • Middle-Chinese : pjeH lame; crippled ‖ lame; crippled • to stand on one foot; to slant 跛 • (pa, pi) · 跛 • (pa, pi) (hangeul 파, 피, revised pa, pi, McCune–Reischauer p'a, p'i, Yale pha, phi) 跛
跟 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kɯːn) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 艮 (OC *kɯːns). \ Cognate with 根 (OC *kɯːn, “root”) (Wang, 1982). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄣ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kun • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kin • Middle-Chinese : kon ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tèr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuè heel (of a foot, a shoe or a sock) • to follow • (of a woman) to marry • with (together) • as (in comparisons) • to; with • and (joining nouns) • (dialectal Mandarin) at • (Cantonese) to follow; to abide • (Waxiang) to act for someone • (Waxiang) Used to introduce the direct object of a verb. ‖ (Southern Min) Alternative form of 綴／缀 (“to follow”) 跟 • (geun) · 跟 • (geun) (hangeul 근, revised geun, McCune–Reischauer kŭn, Yale kun) Hán-Nôm : cân • Hán-Nôm : ngấn • Hán-Nôm : ngân 跟
跨 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰʷraː, *kʰʷraːʔ, *kʰʷraːs, *kʰʷaːs) : semantic 足 + phonetic 夸 (OC *kʰʷraː). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuà • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khua • Middle-Chinese : khwae • Middle-Chinese : khwaeX • Middle-Chinese : khuH • Middle-Chinese : khwaeH to step across; to stride • (transitive) to cross over (a wall, river, etc.) • to overstep; to exceed; to surpass • to straddle; to bestride; to ride • to occupy; to hold • transgender; trans • to transition to (gender) • Alternative form of 胯 (kuà, “crotch; groin”) be • sit or stand astride • extend over • straddle 跨 (eum 과 (gwa)) Hán-Nôm : khóa • Hán-Nôm : khoá • Hán-Nôm : khuế • Hán-Nôm : khuếu • Hán-Nôm : khuều • Hán-Nôm : khoào • Hán-Nôm : khọa • Hán-Nôm : khoạ • Hán-Nôm : khòa • Hán-Nôm : khoà • Hán-Nôm : khoão • Hán-Nôm : khuễu • Hán-Nôm : khuệu • Hán-Nôm : khùa • Hán-Nôm : khuờ • Hán-Nôm : khụa • Hán-Nôm : khúa • Hán-Nôm : khũa • Hán-Nôm : khuẫu • Hán-Nôm : khoách • Hán-Nôm : khoạc 跨
跪 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰrolʔ, *ɡrolʔ) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 危 (OC *ŋrol). \ Perhaps connected with Proto-Vietic *t-kuːlʔ (> Vietnamese gối (“knee”)) (Schuessler, 2007). For the semantic relationship, compare English kneel. Also compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *koj (“bend; curved; lap; bosom”) (STEDT). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄟˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuǐ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuī • Middle-Chinese : khjweX • Middle-Chinese : gjweX to kneel • foot • (figuratively) to kowtow; to show obedience to 跪 (eum 궤 (gwe)) Hán-Nôm : quỵ to kneel down; to fall on one's knees 跪
跺 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 朵 (OC *toːlʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : do² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tō • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tōo to stamp one's feet 跺
踐 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zlenʔ) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 戔 (OC *zlaːn). \ According to 学研漢和大字典 (Kenkyūsha Kanwa Dai Jiten), the 戔 is also to be interpreted in its meaning of “small” (see 戔戔／戋戋 (jiānjiān)), in which case this character signifies the act of walking in small steps, making it also an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) . Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cin⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiǎn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsán • Middle-Chinese : dzjenX to trample; to tread upon; to walk on • to ascend (to the throne); to inherit • to implement; to carry out; to fulfil • to follow; to abide by • to experience • orderly; well-organised 踐 • (cheon) · 踐 • (cheon) (hangeul 천, revised cheon, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏn, Yale chen) 踐
踢 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰeːɡ) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 易 (OC *leːɡs, *leɡ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-t(j/w)ak (“to kick”) (STEDT). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : that • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiak • Middle-Chinese : thek ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : tik¹ to kick • (figurative) to reject; to eliminate; to give someone the boot • (Internet) to kick (from a group, forum, etc.) ‖ Used in 踢躂舞／踢跶舞. Hán-Nôm : thích • Hán-Nôm : dịch 踢
踩 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 采. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄞˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshái to step on; to trample on • (chiefly Cantonese) to belittle; to denigrate; to criticize • (Internet) to dislike 踩 • (chae) · 踩 • (chae) (hangeul 채, revised chae, McCune–Reischauer ch'ae, Yale chay) 踩
踱 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄛˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dok⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : to̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tho̍h • Middle-Chinese : dak to stroll; to pace; to walk slowly • (literary) to walk barefoot • (dialectal) stupid; dull 踱 • (tak) · 踱 • (tak) (hangeul 탁, revised tak, McCune–Reischauer t'ak, Yale thak) 踱
蹂 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁴ • Middle-Chinese : nyuw • Middle-Chinese : nyuwX • Middle-Chinese : nyuwH 蹂 • (yu) · 蹂 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu, Yale yu) 蹂
蹄 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *deː) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 帝 (OC *teːɡs). ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : tai⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tê • Middle-Chinese : dej ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˋ hoof • leg of pork • (derogatory) wench ‖ (obsolete) to kick ‖ 蹄(ひづめ) • (hizume) hoof ‖ a hoof • (figurative, uncommon) an excellent horse, a fast horse • (rare) an ungulate, a hoofed animal 蹄 • (je) · 蹄 • (je) (hangeul 제) Hán-Nôm : đề • Hán-Nôm : đế 蹄
蹈 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'uːs) : semantic 足 + phonetic 舀 (OC *lowʔ, *lu, *lo). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄠˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dou⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tou¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tōo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tō • Middle-Chinese : dawH to step; to tread • to jump; to trample • to obey; to abide by to step on 蹈 • (do) · 蹈 • (do) (hangeul 도, revised do, McCune–Reischauer to, Yale to) Hán-Nôm : đạo • Hán-Nôm : dạo 蹈
蹋 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taap³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : daap⁶ • Middle-Chinese : dap Alternative form of 踏 (“to tread on; to stamp”) • to kick step on • tread on • stumble • slip 蹋 • (dap) · 蹋 • (dap) (hangeul 답, revised dap, McCune–Reischauer tap, Yale tap) step on, tread 蹋
蹦 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 𧾷 + phonetic 崩 (OC *pɯːŋ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baang⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pǹg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pìng to hop; to jump Hán-Nôm : băng • Hán-Nôm : bảng 蹦
蹬 Cantonese · Jyutping : dang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dang⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄥˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ting • Middle-Chinese : dongH to step on; tread on • to press down or out with one's legs and feet • to wear (footwear) Hán-Nôm : đăng • Hán-Nôm : đắng • Hán-Nôm : đặng 蹬
蹲 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zuːn) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 尊 (OC *ʔsuːn) – to sit. ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄣ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄣˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tun • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsun • Middle-Chinese : dzwon ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄣˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeon¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄣˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄢ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄢˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄣˇ to squat; to crouch • (figurative) to stay (somewhere); to remain idle (in a place) • to sit ‖ (dialectal) to sprain one's leg by landing abruptly ‖ Only used in 蹲蹲 (“dancing rhythmically”). ‖ to gather; to assemble ‖ Alternative form of 躦／躜 (zuān), only used in 蹲𧿙. ‖ Only used in 蹲循 and 蹲節／蹲节. ‖ ‖ 蹲 (eum 준 (jun)) Hán-Nôm : đôn • Hán-Nôm : tôn 蹲
躁 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cou³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshòo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sòo • Middle-Chinese : tsawH impetuous; irritable 躁 • (jo) · 躁 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho, Yale co) Hán-Nôm : táo • Hán-Nôm : tháo • Hán-Nôm : rảo 躁
躬 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kuŋ) : semantic 身 (“body”) + phonetic 弓 (OC *kʷɯŋ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *guŋ (“body, back”). Compare Burmese အကောင် (a.kaung, “body”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiong • Middle-Chinese : kjuwng body • oneself • in person; personally • to stoop body • self 躬 • (gung) · 躬 • (gung) (hangeul 궁, revised gung, McCune–Reischauer kung, Yale kwung) body • personally, in person Hán-Nôm : cung • Hán-Nôm : còng 躬
躲 ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : do² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄛˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tó • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tóo ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : bih (intransitive) to hide • to avoid; to evade ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 覕／𰴕 (bih, “to hide”) Hán-Nôm : đóa • Hán-Nôm : đoá 躲
躺 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰaːŋʔ) : semantic 身 (“body”) + phonetic 尚 (OC *djaŋ, *djaŋs). Cantonese · Jyutping : tong² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄤˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thóng to lie face up; to recline Hán-Nôm : thưỡng • Hán-Nôm : thảng 躺
軸 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯwɢ) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 車 (“cart, carriage”) + phonetic 由 (OC *lɯw, “to pass through”) — the axle that passes through a cartwheel. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯwɢ) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 車 (“cart, carriage”) + phonetic 由 (OC *lɯw, “to pass through”) — the axle that passes through a cartwheel. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄡˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zuk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ti̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tio̍k • Middle-Chinese : drjuwk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄡˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zuk⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zau⁶ axle; axletree • pivot • axis • spool; roller • (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien, Teochew) large, oblong banner of silk carrying an appropriate message (usually for funerals) (Classifier: 幅 mn mn-t) • switch (of a keyboard key) • Classifier for rolled-up things. ‖ (theater, opera) last item on a theatrical performance ‖ 軸(じく) • (jiku) ^(←ぢく (diku)?) ‖ 軸(じく) • (-jiku) ^(←ぢく (diku)?) axis • pivot ‖ axis ‖ things wrapped about a central rod- scrolls, rolls of material, also yarn balls • central axes • favoured horses 軸 • (chuk) · 軸 • (chuk) (hangeul 축) Hán-Nôm : trục 軸
輕 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰeŋ, *kʰeŋs) : semantic 車 (“carriage”) + phonetic 巠 (OC *keːŋ). Explanation of semantic component: light carriage. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-jaːŋ (“light (weight); lightweight”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan ཡང་མོ (yang mo, “light”), Jingpho tsang (tsa̱ŋ³³, “light (of weight)”), Mizo zâng (“light”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khin • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiann • Middle-Chinese : khjieng • Middle-Chinese : khjiengH light (of low weight) • small; little; slight; minor; insignificant • lightweight; portable; convenient to carry or manoeuvre • rash; rattlebrained • frivolous; skittish; giddy • easy; simple; relaxed • humble; meagre; inexpensive • gentle; light; soft • to belittle; to make light of • to lighten; to reduce • to forgive; to pardon • light carriage • Short for 輕工業／轻工业 (qīnggōngyè, “light industry”). • (obsolete, chemistry) Alternative name for 氫／氢 (qīng, “hydrogen”). light • easy • simple • gentle 輕 (eumhun 가벼울 경 (gabyeoul gyeong)) hanja form of 경 (“light”) • hanja form of 경 (“easy, simple”) • hanja form of 경 (“gentle”) Hán-Nôm : khinh • Hán-Nôm : khỉnh 輕
輿 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *la, *las) : phonetic 舁 (OC *la) + semantic 車 (“carriage”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : û • Hokkien · Tai-lo : îr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : î • Middle-Chinese : yo • Middle-Chinese : yoH cart; carriage • (figurative) earth; land; territory • sedan chair; palanquin • to carry; to lift • public; popular; mass • a surname palanquin, litter 輿 • (yeo) · 輿 • (yeo) (hangeul 여, revised yeo, McCune–Reischauer yŏ, Yale ye) Hán-Nôm : dư 輿
轄 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰaːds, *ɡraːd) : phonetic 害 (OC *ɡaːds) + semantic 車 (“cart”) – linchpin. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰaːds, *ɡraːd) : phonetic 害 (OC *ɡaːds) + semantic 車 (“cart”) – linchpin. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hat⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ha̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hat • Middle-Chinese : khajH • Middle-Chinese : haet ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : ha̍t to govern; to control • having jurisdiction over • noise of a barrow • rule; control • to run; to manage • linchpin of wheel ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 乏 (“to be moderate; to abstain; to check; to restrict oneself (in food, usage, spending, addiction, etc.)”) 轄 (eumhun 다스릴 할 (daseuril hal)) linchpin • to govern; to control Hán-Nôm : hạt • Hán-Nôm : hợt • Hán-Nôm : hặt • Hán-Nôm : hách • Hán-Nôm : hoách 轄
轉 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tonʔ, *tons) : semantic 車 (“carriage”) + phonetic 專 (OC *tjon). \ Possibly related to: \ * Old Tibetan འདྲུལ ('drul, “to transmit; to communicate”) (Schuessler, 2007), or \ * Tibetan སྲུལ (srul, “to move to and fro; to stir”), Burmese ရွေ့ (rwe., “to move; to be displaced”), ရွှေ့ (hrwe., “to move or shift something”) (Starostin). \ An allofam is perhaps *don (“round”). Compare Vietnamese tròn (“round; circle; entire; whole”), trọn (“fully; completely; all”), as well as the following Chinese words: \ * 團 (OC *doːn, “ball; circle; lump”), \ * 摶 (OC *doːn, *doːn, *donʔ, “to roll up into a ball”). \ Derivative: 傳 (OC *tons, *don, *dons, “to relay; to pass on; to transfer; relay station; biography; record”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tonʔ, *tons) : semantic 車 (“carriage”) + phonetic 專 (OC *tjon). \ Possibly related to: \ * Old Tibetan འདྲུལ ('drul, “to transmit; to communicate”) (Schuessler, 2007), or \ * Tibetan སྲུལ (srul, “to move to and fro; to stir”), Burmese ရွေ့ (rwe., “to move; to be displaced”), ရွှေ့ (hrwe., “to move or shift something”) (Starostin). \ An allofam is perhaps *don (“round”). Compare Vietnamese tròn (“round; circle; entire; whole”), trọn (“fully; completely; all”), as well as the following Chinese words: \ * 團 (OC *doːn, “ball; circle; lump”), \ * 摶 (OC *doːn, *doːn, *donʔ, “to roll up into a ball”). \ Derivative: 傳 (OC *tons, *don, *dons, “to relay; to pass on; to transfer; relay station; biography; record”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tonʔ, *tons) : semantic 車 (“carriage”) + phonetic 專 (OC *tjon). \ Possibly related to: \ * Old Tibetan འདྲུལ ('drul, “to transmit; to communicate”) (Schuessler, 2007), or \ * Tibetan སྲུལ (srul, “to move to and fro; to stir”), Burmese ရွေ့ (rwe., “to move; to be displaced”), ရွှေ့ (hrwe., “to move or shift something”) (Starostin). \ An allofam is perhaps *don (“round”). Compare Vietnamese tròn (“round; circle; entire; whole”), trọn (“fully; completely; all”), as well as the following Chinese words: \ * 團 (OC *doːn, “ball; circle; lump”), \ * 摶 (OC *doːn, *doːn, *donʔ, “to roll up into a ball”). \ Derivative: 傳 (OC *tons, *don, *dons, “to relay; to pass on; to transfer; relay station; biography; record”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tonʔ, *tons) : semantic 車 (“carriage”) + phonetic 專 (OC *tjon). \ Possibly related to: \ * Old Tibetan འདྲུལ ('drul, “to transmit; to communicate”) (Schuessler, 2007), or \ * Tibetan སྲུལ (srul, “to move to and fro; to stir”), Burmese ရွေ့ (rwe., “to move; to be displaced”), ရွှေ့ (hrwe., “to move or shift something”) (Starostin). \ An allofam is perhaps *don (“round”). Compare Vietnamese tròn (“round; circle; entire; whole”), trọn (“fully; completely; all”), as well as the following Chinese words: \ * 團 (OC *doːn, “ball; circle; lump”), \ * 摶 (OC *doːn, *doːn, *donʔ, “to roll up into a ball”). \ Derivative: 傳 (OC *tons, *don, *dons, “to relay; to pass on; to transfer; relay station; biography; record”). Cantonese · Jyutping : zyun² • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyun³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tńg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuínn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuán • Middle-Chinese : trjwenX ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : zyun³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyun⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyun² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tńg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuínn • Middle-Chinese : trjwenH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄞˇ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuān (transitive) to turn; to revolve • to wind; to entwine • winding; circuitous • (transitive) to change; to shift; to alter • to change direction; to turn • (Southwestern Mandarin, dialectal Cantonese, Hakka, Min, Wu) to return; to come or go back • (Wu) to think; to contemplate; to turn over in one's mind • (Xiamen Hokkien) to mediate; to reconcile • (dialectal Mandarin, Cantonese) Classifier for times or round trips. • to change position; to move • to wave; to flutter • to divert; to transfer • to evade; to avoid • to be transferred to another post • to sell; to transfer the ownership • to transport; to relay; to carry in a cart • to discard; to abandon • to leave; to depart • to chant; to utter (spell); to recite • (Mainland China Hokkien) to circulate capital to meet financial need for turnover • a surname ‖ (intransitive) to revolve; to rotate; to turn • revolution; rotation; turn • (Cantonese, dialectal Hakka, dialectal Min, dialectal Wu) hair whorl • number of times; time • to wind around; to go around; bypass • to lose (way); to get lost • (colloquial) to stroll; to saunter; to amble; to wander • Alternative form of 囀／啭 (zhuàn, “to chirp; to warble; to chirrup”) • (music) RPM ‖ (Mandarin, colloquial) Alternative form of 拽 (“to act pretentiously; to show off”) ‖ (Min) to twist with force or with a tool (to) shift • (to) move • (to) turn 轉 (eumhun 구를 전 (gureul jeon)) hanja form of 전 (“(to) turn; (to) move”) Hán-Nôm : chuyển • Hán-Nôm : chuyên • Hán-Nôm : chuyền • Hán-Nôm : chuyến (to) shift • (to) move • (to) turn 轉
辜 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : koo • Middle-Chinese : ku crime; wrong; sin • to let down • a surname 辜 (eumhun 허물 고 (heomul go)) hanja form of 고 (“crime; wrong; sin”) Hán-Nôm : cô 辜
辟 In the oracle bone script, it is an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 卩 (“kneeling person”) + 䇂 (“sickle-like tool”) – to administer; to regulate; to punish. \ 〇 was sometimes added, though its function is disputed: \ * Lin (1920) suggests that it represents “bind; restrain”. \ * Luo (1927) suggests that it is the original character for 璧 (OC *peɡ, “jade annulus”) and that 辟 is the early form of 璧, with 〇 as the semantic component and ⿰卩䇂 as the phonetic component. Chi (2010), based on this theory, proposes that 〇 acted as a phonetic component in 辟 instead. \ * Yu (1999) suggests that it is a decorative component with no meaning. \ 〇 was later corrupted into 口 or 日. Shuowen interprets 口 as representing the enforcer of the law. \ In the bronze script from the Warring States period, forms where 䇂 is corrupted to 辛 begin to appear (Chi, 2010). \ Officially adopted as the simplified form of 闢 in the Chinese Character Simplification Scheme (《漢字簡化方案》) in 1956 due to homophony and shared semantic fields. ‖ In the oracle bone script, it is an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 卩 (“kneeling person”) + 䇂 (“sickle-like tool”) – to administer; to regulate; to punish. \ 〇 was sometimes added, though its function is disputed: \ * Lin (1920) suggests that it represents “bind; restrain”. \ * Luo (1927) suggests that it is the original character for 璧 (OC *peɡ, “jade annulus”) and that 辟 is the early form of 璧, with 〇 as the semantic component and ⿰卩䇂 as the phonetic component. Chi (2010), based on this theory, proposes that 〇 acted as a phonetic component in 辟 instead. \ * Yu (1999) suggests that it is a decorative component with no meaning. \ 〇 was later corrupted into 口 or 日. Shuowen interprets 口 as representing the enforcer of the law. \ In the bronze script from the Warring States period, forms where 䇂 is corrupted to 辛 begin to appear (Chi, 2010). \ Officially adopted as the simplified form of 闢 in the Chinese Character Simplification Scheme (《漢字簡化方案》) in 1956 due to homophony and shared semantic fields. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiak • Middle-Chinese : bjiek ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : pik¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiak • Middle-Chinese : phjiek (literary) monarch; sovereign • (literary) government official; minister • (literary) to rule; to govern • (literary) crime • to summon; to appoint to an official position • to remove; to drive out • (literary) to avoid; to hide; to dodge • (literary) lame in the leg ‖ (literary) law; (specifically) penal code • to open • to open up • (literary) to make an analogy • (literary) to thump one's chest • (literary) to show bias; to be partial • (literary) remote • (literary) eccentric; perverted • (literary) a tool for catching animals 辟 • (baek, byeok, pi, bi, mi) · 辟 • (baek, byeok, pi, bi, mi) (hangeul 백, 벽, 피, 비, 미, revised baek, byeok, pi, bi, mi, McCune–Reischauer paek, pyŏk, p'i, bi, mi, Yale payk, pyek, phi, pi, mi) Hán-Nôm : vếch • Hán-Nôm : tích • Hán-Nôm : bích • Hán-Nôm : thịch • Hán-Nôm : tịch • Hán-Nôm : phích • Hán-Nôm : thí 辟
辭 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 𤔔 + 辛. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sîr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sî • Middle-Chinese : zi diction; phraseology; speech; words • Ci (a form of classical poetry) • (obsolete) legal statement; deposition; testimony; confession • to depart; to take one's leave • to dismiss; to discharge; to fire • to resign; to hand in • to shirk; to decline • to apologize (to accept fault and invite the pardon of the offended) • to excuse; to make up excuses (to provide explanation to lessen someone's fault) ‖ words • speech • expression • phrase ‖ 辭 (eumhun 말씀 사 (malsseum sa)) Hán-Nôm : từ 辭
辯 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *brenʔ) : phonetic 辡 (OC *prenʔ, *brenʔ) + semantic 言 (“say”). \ Cognate with 辨 (OC *breːns, *brenʔ, “to distinguish”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piǎn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piān • Middle-Chinese : bjenX to debate; to argue; to discuss • Alternative form of 辨 (“to distinguish; to differentiate”) ‖ 辯(べん) • (-ben) ‖ dialect 辯 (eumhun 말씀 변 (malsseum byeon)) hanja form of 변 (“debate; discuss”) Hán-Nôm : biện 辯
迂 Schussler (2007) relates it to 匡 (OC *kʰʷaŋ), 腕 (OC *qoːns), 冤 (OC *qon), & 枉 (OC *qʷaŋʔ). Allofams are possibly 弧 (OC *ɡʷlaː), 委 (OC *qrol, *qrolʔ), and 夭 (OC *qoːwʔ, *qrow, *qrowʔ), which Coblin (1986) (apud Schuessler, 2007) considers as cognate to Tibetan ཡོ་བ (yo ba, “oblique, aslant”), གཡོ་བ (g.yo ba, “tilt”), གཡོས (g.yos); however, see 夭 (yāo). Ratliff (2010) links it with Proto-Hmong-Mien *qʷuw (“far”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : u • Hokkien · Tai-lo : i • Middle-Chinese : hju • Middle-Chinese : 'ju • Middle-Chinese : 'juX circuitous • pedantic • far • wide • slow • evil • exaggerated • a surname ‖ 迂(う) • (u) roundabout way ‖ roundabout; detour • ignorant 迂 • (o, u) · 迂 • (o, u) (hangeul 오, 우, revised o, u, McCune–Reischauer o, u, Yale o, wu) doctrinaire, abstruse, unrealistic Hán-Nôm : vu 迂
迄 Uncertain. 迄 (MC xj+t) could be related to 暨 (MC gjijH), but, within the same word family fricative, MC *x-does not alternate with velar stop *g-; alternatively, maybe related to 詣／诣 (yì) (Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngat⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hat¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : git • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gut • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gert • Middle-Chinese : xj+t (literary) to reach; to arrive • (literary) until; up to • (literary) as yet; finally; after all until, up to 迄 • (heul) · 迄 • (heul) (hangeul 흘, revised heul, McCune–Reischauer hŭl, Yale hul) 迄
迢 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *deːw) : semantic 辵 (“to walk”) + phonetic 召 (OC *dews, *djews). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tiu⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : siu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiâu • Middle-Chinese : dew far; distant 迢 (eum 초 (cho)) Hán-Nôm : điều • Hán-Nôm : thiều 迢
迪 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dik⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ti̍k • Middle-Chinese : dek to enlighten; to guide • to employ • to implement; to put into practice • to follow; to comply • to advance; to progress • Short for 迪斯科 (dísīkē, “disco”). • a surname 迪 (eum 적 (jeok)) Hán-Nôm : địch 迪
逗 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *doːs, *dos) : semantic 辶 + phonetic 豆 (OC *doːs). \ ; “to stay; to remain; to stop” Cantonese · Jyutping : dau⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄡˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiō • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tōo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuì • Middle-Chinese : drjuH • Middle-Chinese : duwH to amuse; to tease • funny; ridiculous; amusing • to tempt; to allure • (chiefly in the negative) to play around • to stay; to remain; to stop • Alternative form of 讀／读 (dòu, “short pause in reading; part of a sentence; clause”) 逗 • (du) · 逗 • (du) (hangeul 두, revised du, McCune–Reischauer tu, Yale twu) 逗
逛 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwaang⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwaang³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kòng • Middle-Chinese : kjwangX to stroll; to roam; to wander 逛
逞 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰeŋʔ) : semantic 辶 + phonetic 呈 (OC *rleŋ, *l'eŋs). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cing² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thíng • Middle-Chinese : trhjengX to brag; to show off; to flaunt • to succeed in; to achieve (something bad) • to indulge oneself; to gratify one's desires • (obsolete) to be satisfied; to be gratified sturdy • brawny • bold 逞 • (ryeong>yeong, jeong) · 逞 • (ryeong>yeong, jeong) (hangeul 령>영, 정, revised ryeong>yeong, jeong, McCune–Reischauer ryŏng>yŏng, chŏng, Yale lyeng>yeng, ceng) 逞
週 Considered a 後起字／后起字 (hòuqǐzì). Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 辶 (“walking”) + phonetic 周 (OC *tjɯw). \ Same word as 周 (OC *tjɯw). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiu week • circumference • turn; cycle • anniversary ‖ 週(しゅう) • (shū) ^(←しう (siu)?) ‖ 週(しゅう) • (-shū) ^(←しう (siu)?) ‖ 週(しゅう) • (Shū) ^(←しう (siu)?) week ‖ a week (unit of time) ‖ weeks ‖ a male or female given name 週 (eumhun 돌 주 (dol ju)) hanja form of 주 (“week (unit of time)”) Hán-Nôm : chu • Hán-Nôm : châu 週
逼 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *prɯɡ) : semantic 辶 + phonetic 畐 (OC *pʰrɯɡ, *bɯɡ). ‖ Probably from 別／别 (piat). ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piak • Middle-Chinese : pik ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : pik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : piak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pik to compel; to pressure; to force • to press for; to extort • to approach; to press on • (literary) narrow • (Cantonese) crowded; packed ‖ (Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to interpret (one's fortune, etc.) ‖ (Mandarin) Alternative form of 屄 (bī) ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 煏 to approach • to compel; to force 逼 (eumhun 핍박할 핍 (pipbakhal pip)) hanja form of 핍 (“to force; to compel”) Hán-Nôm : bức • Hán-Nôm : bực 逼
逾 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lo) : semantic 辶 + phonetic 俞 (OC *l̥ʰus, *lo). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : û • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jî • Middle-Chinese : yu ^† to go over; to pass over; to exceed • (literary) even more 逾 • (yu) · 逾 • (yu) (hangeul 유) 逾
遏 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qaːd) : semantic 辵 (“to walk”) + phonetic 曷 (OC *ɡaːd). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aat³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : at • Hokkien · Tai-lo : a̍t • Middle-Chinese : 'at to stop; to suppress; to curb; to check • (Hokkien) to snap something off; to break something • (Hokkien) to drain; to strain (by pressing down on the solids) • (Hokkien) to drain; to strain (by pressing down on the solids) · (Taiwanese Hokkien) to scoop off the scum on the surface of a soup while pressing down on the solids with a ladle 遏 • (al) · 遏 • (al) (hangeul 알, revised al, McCune–Reischauer al, Yale al) 遏
遙 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iâu • Middle-Chinese : yew distant; far away 遙 • (yo) · 遙 • (yo) (hangeul 요, revised yo, McCune–Reischauer yo, Yale yo) Hán-Nôm : diêu • Hán-Nôm : dao • Hán-Nôm : dìu 遙
遜 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *suːns) : semantic 辵 (“to walk”) + phonetic 孫 (OC *suːn). \ Cognate with 孫 (OC *suːn, “grandchild”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sùn • Middle-Chinese : swonH humble; modest • to abdicate; (of an emperor) to give up the throne • (literary) inferior • (literary) to flee; to escape; to evade • (Internet slang) lame modest; humble • inferior • to defer, to give up something • to escape, to flee 遜 (eumhun 겸손할 손 (gyeomsonhal son)) hanja form of 손 (“modesty”) Hán-Nôm : tốn 遜
遞 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'eːʔ, *l'eːs) : semantic 辶 + phonetic 虒 (OC *sle). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'eːʔ, *l'eːs) : semantic 辶 + phonetic 虒 (OC *sle). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'eːʔ, *l'eːs) : semantic 辶 + phonetic 虒 (OC *sle). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tè • Middle-Chinese : dejX • Middle-Chinese : dejH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : daai³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sai⁶ to take turns; to do something in turns; to alternate; to substitute • to pass; to hand over; to deliver; to transmit • (literary, or in compounds) in succession; in order; successively; progressively • posthouse; post carriage • (Cantonese) to lift; to raise ‖ to surround; to twine; to twist around ‖ Alternative form of 逝 (shì, “to pass”) 遞 (eumhun 갈마들 체 (galmadeul che)) Hán-Nôm : đệ • Hán-Nôm : đự • Hán-Nôm : đư • Hán-Nôm : đưa 遞
遲 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'il) : semantic 辶 (“motion”) + phonetic 犀 (OC *sliːl) – to move slowly, to be late. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'il) : semantic 辶 (“motion”) + phonetic 犀 (OC *sliːl) – to move slowly, to be late. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tî • Middle-Chinese : drij ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi⁶ late; tardy • slow; sluggish (of action or thought) • to delay; to linger • to hesitate • a surname ‖ to await • to long for; to wish • upon; then; consequently late, tardy • slow • delay 遲 • (ji, chi) · 遲 • (ji, chi) (hangeul 지, 치, revised ji, chi, McCune–Reischauer chi, ch'i, Yale ci, chi) 遲
邀 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qlew, *kleːw) : semantic 辶 + phonetic 敫 (OC *kleːwɢs, *ɢlewɢ, *kleːwɢ). ‖ Compare Hokkien 交 (kiau). Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : io • Middle-Chinese : kew • Middle-Chinese : 'jiew ‖ to invite; to welcome • to intercept; to block • (literary) to await the arrival of and welcome • (literary) to solicit; to seek • (literary) to meet; to intercept • (Northern Min, Waxiang) and ‖ to lead; to bring (someone) • to give birth to • to look after (someone); to take care of 邀 • (yo) · 邀 • (yo) (hangeul 요, revised yo, McCune–Reischauer yo, Yale yo) canonical : 邀: Hán Việt readings: yêu chữ Hán form of yêu (“invite”). 邀
邊 Originally 臱. Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mpeːn) : phonetic 臱 (OC *men) + semantic 辶 (“walking;movement”). The semantic component 辵 (now 辶) was added during bronze inscriptions. \ Perhaps cognate with 偏 (OC *pʰen, *pʰens, “side; oblique”), 片 (OC *pʰeːns, “partial; one-sided”), 諞 (OC *ben, *brenʔ, *benʔ, “glib-tongued; insincere”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ ; “to have hot pot” ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pian • Middle-Chinese : pen ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : bin¹ edge; side; margin; brim • decorative border • side (place next to an object) • border; boundary • (geometry) side (Classifier: 條／条) • (graph theory) side (Classifier: 條／条) • limit; boundary • side (of a family, negotiation, etc.) • Suffix for locality noun. • (Cantonese) close to edges • (used before each verb of simultaneous actions) while • (used after numerals or words indicating time) close to; near • (Hong Kong Cantonese, usually reduplicated, always used with 佢) to have hot pot • a surname: Bian ‖ (Cantonese) which • (Cantonese) where • (Cantonese, rhetorical question) how 邊 (eumhun 가 변 (ga byeon)) hanja form of 변 (“edge”) • hanja form of 변 (“side”) Hán-Nôm : biên • Hán-Nôm : ben • Hán-Nôm : bên • Hán-Nôm : ven 邊
邸 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dai² • Middle-Chinese : tejX residence of a high-ranking official • (literary) lodging house • a surname 邸 • (jeo) · 邸 • (jeo) (hangeul 저, revised jeo, McCune–Reischauer chŏ, Yale ce) house • government office 邸
郁 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʷɯ) : phonetic 有 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ) + semantic 邑. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : juk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iok • Middle-Chinese : 'juwk Used in 郁夷 (“name of an ancient county in modern-day Shaanxi province”). • sweet-smelling; rich in aroma; fragrant • Alternative form of 彧 (yù, “adorned; elegant; ornate”) • Alternative form of 薁 (“oriental bush berry”) • Alternative form of 燠 (“warm”) • fruit which lacks a kernel or stone inside • a surname ‖ 郁(いく) • (iku) ‖ 郁(かおる) • (Kaoru) culture, cultural progress • fragrance, perfume ‖ fragrant; sweet-smelling • cultured; refined ‖ a unisex given name 郁 • (uk) · 郁 • (uk) (hangeul 욱, revised uk, McCune–Reischauer uk, Yale wuk) sweet smelling • rich in aroma Hán-Nôm : hóc 郁
鄂 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːɡ) : phonetic 咢 (OC *ŋaːɡ) + semantic 阝 (“area”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngok⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : go̍k • Middle-Chinese : ngak E (an ancient state located in modern Shanxi, Henan and Hubei, China) • name of two ancient counties in Hubei and Henan • name of an ancient city in modern Shanxi • a region of ancient China around Nanyang in present-day eastern Henan • Short for 湖北 (Húběi).: Hubei (a province of China) • forehead • tool to capture animals • a surname 鄂 (eum 악 (ak)) E (an ancient state located in modern Shanxi, Henan and Hubei, China) • name of two ancient counties in Hubei and Henan • name of an ancient city in modern Shanxi • a region of ancient China around Nanyang in present-day eastern Henan • Abbreviation of 湖北: Hubei (a province of China) Hán-Nôm : ngạc 鄂
鄙 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *prɯʔ) : phonetic 啚 (OC *prɯʔ, *daː) + 邑. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pí • Middle-Chinese : pijX mean; ignoble • (humble) my • (literary) to despise; to hold in contempt • (literary) countryside; country • (literary) remote place; march ‖ 鄙(とひと) • (tohito) ‖ (archaic, derogatory) a countrified or rustic person: a hick, a bumpkin 鄙 • (bi) · 鄙 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi, Yale pi) mean • low Hán-Nôm : bỉ • Hán-Nôm : bẽ 鄙
鄰 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rin) : phonetic 粦 (OC *rins) + semantic 阝. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leon⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîn • Middle-Chinese : lin neighbor; neighborhood • to be neighboring; to be adjacent neighbor • neighborhood 鄰 (eumhun 이웃 린 (iut rin), word-initial (South Korea) 이웃 인 (iut in)) hanja form of 린/인 (“neighbor”) • hanja form of 린/인 (“neighborhood”) Hán-Nôm : lân • Hán-Nôm : láng • Hán-Nôm : lăn • Hán-Nôm : trăn • Hán-Nôm : trằn 鄰
酗 Written as 䣱 in Shuowen. Compare 醺 (OC *qʰun). \ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰos) : semantic 酉 (“alcohol”) + phonetic 凶 (OC *qʰoŋ, “bad”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : heoi³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hù • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hì • Middle-Chinese : xjuH to be given to heavy drinking • to be roaring drunk; to become violent under the influence of alcohol drunk • to become violent under the influence of alcohol 酗 • (hu) · 酗 • (hu) (hangeul 후, revised hu, McCune–Reischauer hu, Yale hwu) drunk • to become violent under the influence of alcohol canonical : 酗: Hán Việt readings: hú • canonical : húng • canonical : hung 酗: Nôm readings: hú chữ Hán form of húng (“drunk”). 酗
酣 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢaːm) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 酉 (“alcohol”) + phonetic 甘 (OC *kaːm). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ham⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ham • Middle-Chinese : ham to drink alcohol to one's heart's content • to enjoy drinking alcohol • in a carefree manner; to the fullest and joyfully • (of a fight) intense; fierce 酣 • (geom) · 酣 • (geom) (hangeul 검, revised geom, McCune–Reischauer kŏm, Yale kem) Hán-Nôm : hàm • Hán-Nôm : ham 酣
酥 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sŋaː) : semantic 酉 (“alcohol”) + abbreviated phonetic 穌 (OC *sŋaː). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : soo • Middle-Chinese : su (archaic) butter • alcohol • crispy; flaky; crunchy; crumbly • flaky pastry; shortbread • weak; limp • soft; satiny milk 酥 • (so) · 酥 • (so) (hangeul 소, revised so, McCune–Reischauer so, Yale so) butter • flaky • crispy, light, fluffy Hán-Nôm : tô 酥
醇 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djun) : semantic 酉 + phonetic 𦎧 (). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sûn • Middle-Chinese : dzywin (of alcoholic drink) rich; pure • rich alcoholic drink • Alternative form of 純／纯 (“pure”) • (organic chemistry) alcohol rich wine 醇 (eum 순 (sun)) Hán-Nôm : thuần 醇
醋 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰaːɡs) : semantic 酉 + phonetic 昔 (OC *sjaːɡ). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshòo • Middle-Chinese : tshuH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zok⁶ (literal) vinegar • (figurative, chiefly between lovers) jealousy; envy; bitterness • (Hainanese, figurative) glutton ‖ Alternative form of 酢 ‖ 醋(す) • (su) vinegar ‖ Alternative spelling of 酢 (“vinegar”) 醋 • (cho, jak) · 醋 • (cho, jak) (hangeul 초, 작, revised cho, jak, McCune–Reischauer ch'o, chak, Yale cho, cak) Hán-Nôm : thố 醋
醫 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qɯ) : phonetic 殹 (OC *qiːs) + semantic 酉 (“liquor”). \ Alternatively, as an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 殹 (“to groan”) + 酉 (“liquor”) – using medicinal liquor to treat a groaning patient. \ Schuessler (2007) minimally reconstructs Old Chinese *ʔə and suggests it is cognate with Proto-Hlai *ja¹ (“medicine”), Proto-Kam-Sui *gja² (“medicine; to cure”), Proto-Tai *ˀjɯəᴬ (“medicine”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : i • Middle-Chinese : 'i medicinal; medicine • doctor • to cure; to treat • (Sichuanese) to punish 醫 (eumhun 의원 의 (uiwon ui)) hanja form of 의 (“medicine; doctor”) Hán-Nôm : y 醫
釋 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hljaɡ) : semantic 釆 (“distinguish”) + phonetic 睪 (OC *neb, *laːɡ, *kuː). \ ;Buddhist monastic surname \ Popularized by Dao'an as a common surname for all Buddhist monastics by taking the first character of Śākyamuni Buddha's transliterated Chinese name, 釋迦牟尼／释迦牟尼 (Shìjiāmóuní). \ : \ 初魏晉沙門依師為姓，故姓各不同，安以為大師之本，莫尊釋迦，乃以釋命氏。 [Classical Chinese, trad.] \ 初魏晋沙门依师为姓，故姓各不同，安以为大师之本，莫尊释迦，乃以释命氏。 [Classical Chinese, simp.] \ From: 高僧傳 \ Chū Wèi Jìn shāmén yī shī wèi xìng, gù xìng gè bùtóng, Ān yǐwèi dàshī zhī běn, mò zūn Shìjiā, nǎi yǐ Shì mìng shì. [Pinyin] \ At the beginning of the Wei and Jin, śramaṇas all took their surname from their teachers, and thus their surnames were all different. Dao'an believed that the archetype of all great teachers could not be anyone other than Śākya[muni], and thus gave Shi as their lineage. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sik • Middle-Chinese : syek to explain; to elucidate • to release • (Buddhism) Short for 釋迦牟尼／释迦牟尼 (Shìjiāmóuní, “Shakyamuni”). • 21st tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "release, freedom" (𝌚) • a surname, customarily adopted by Buddhist monks and nuns upon their ordination. 釋 • (seok) · 釋 • (seok) (hangeul 석) Hán-Nôm : thích 釋
釜 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hú • Middle-Chinese : bjuX cauldron; pot; kettle • (obsolete) A measure of capacity. ‖ 釜(かま) • (kama) kettle, cauldron ‖ an iron pot, a kettle hanja form of 부 (“cauldron; pot”) Hán-Nôm : phủ 釜
釣 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pleːwɢs) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 勺 (OC *pljewɢ, *bljewɢ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiàu • Middle-Chinese : tewH to fish; to angle • (figurative) to go after; to tempt; to lure • fishhook fishing, angling, catching • change, small cash 釣 • (jo) · 釣 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho, Yale co) Hán-Nôm : điếu 釣
鈴 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːŋ) : semantic 金 + phonetic 令 (OC *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mriŋ (“sound; noise; animal cry”); cognate with 鳴 (OC *mreŋ, “to make a sound”), 笙 (OC *sreŋ), Burmese မြည် (mrany, “to make a sound”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT). ‖ Possibly borrowed from English rim. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Middle-Chinese : leng ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : ling¹ bell; chime • a surname: Ling ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 軨／𫐉 (“wheel rim”) (Classifier: 條／条 c) ‖ 鈴(すず) • (suzu) ‖ 鈴(すず) • (Suzu) ‖ 鈴(れい) • (rei) ‖ 鈴(れい) • (Rei) ‖ 鈴(りん) • (rin) ‖ 鈴(りん) • (Rin) bell, chime ‖ a bell, chime • (historical) Synonym of 駅鈴 (ekirei): station bells issued to 駅使 (ekishi) • 鐸: a large wind chime, a hanging bell with a clapper ‖ a female given name • a surname ‖ a bell, chime • (Buddhism) a singing bowl ‖ a female given name • a surname ‖ a bell, chime • an electric bell • (Buddhism) a singing bowl ‖ a female given name 鈴 • (ryeong>yeong) · 鈴 • (ryeong>yeong) (hangeul 령>영, revised ryeong>yeong, McCune–Reischauer ryŏng>yŏng, Yale lyeng>yeng) Hán-Nôm : linh • Hán-Nôm : lệnh 鈴
錄 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roɡ) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 彔 (OC *b·roːɡ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lio̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lo̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : li̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : la̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lia̍k to record; to write down • to accept; to employ • to record (using instruments) • record; register • (Xiamen Hokkien) to gold plate (to decorate instruments) copy • write down • record 錄 (eumhun 기록할 록 (girokhal rok), word-initial (South Korea) 기록할 녹 (girokhal nok)) hanja form of 록/녹 (“write down; to record”) Hán-Nôm : lục 錄
錠 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ding³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ding² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ding⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tìng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiànn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tīng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiǎnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiānn • Middle-Chinese : dengH • Middle-Chinese : tengH spindle • ingot-shaped tablet (of metal, medicine, etc.) • Classifier for ingot-shaped objects: ingot ‖ 錠(じょう) • (jō) ^(←ぢやう (dyau)?) ‖ 錠(じょう) • (-jō) ^(←ぢやう (dyau)?) ‖ 錠(じょうまえ) • (jōmae) ^(←ぢやうまへ (dyaumafe)?) ‖ a device used to make a door unopenable: a lock ‖ lozenge (of medicine) ‖ Alternative spelling of 錠前 (“lock, padlock”) 錠 • (jeong) · 錠 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng, Yale ceng) 錠
錢 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔslenʔ, *zlen) : semantic 金 (“metal; gold; money”) + phonetic 戔 (OC *zlaːn). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔslenʔ, *zlen) : semantic 金 (“metal; gold; money”) + phonetic 戔 (OC *zlaːn). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsînn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsên • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiân • Middle-Chinese : dzjen ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin² • Middle-Chinese : tsjenX money; cash • currency; coins • cost; fund; expense • coin-shaped object • mace (unit of weight equivalent to one tenth of a 兩／两 (liǎng, “tael”) and equal to ten 分 (fēn, “candareen”)) • a surname. Qian, listed second in the Baijiaxing & the dynasty of the kings of Wuyue ‖ a kind of farm tool 錢 (eumhun 돈 전 (don jeon)) canonical : 錢: Hán Việt readings: tiền 錢: Nôm readings: tiền chữ Hán form of tiền (“money”). 錢
鍊 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·reːns) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 柬 (OC *kreːnʔ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liān • Middle-Chinese : lenH to smelt; to refine • (figurative) to measure (one's words); to polish (one's wording) • (figurative) to temper; to steel; to cultivate • a surname to smelt (metals) • to forge • to refine 鍊 (eumhun 불릴 련 (bullil ryeon), word-initial (South Korea) 불릴 연 (bullil yeon)) hanja form of 련/연 (“smelt metals, forge”) • hanja form of 련/연 (“refine”) Hán-Nôm : luyện • Hán-Nôm : rèn • Hán-Nôm : rén 鍊
鍋 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kloːl) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 咼 (OC *kʰʷroːl). \ Area word; compare Proto-Palaungic *kʔɔɔl (“cooking pot”), Malay kuali (“cooking pot”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ For the sense “blame; fault”, it is a clipping of 黑鍋／黑锅 (hēiguō). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄛ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : e • Hokkien · Tai-lo : er • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ue • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ko • Hokkien · Tai-lo : o • Middle-Chinese : kwa cooking pot; pan; wok (Classifier: 隻／只; 口) • (Mainland China, neologism) blame; fault ‖ 鍋(なべ) • (nabe) ‖ a broad-bottomed pot or pan • short for 鍋料理 (nabe ryōri, literally “pot + cooking”) or 鍋物 (nabemono, literally “pot + thing”), a dish where everything is cooked together in a nabe; compare English hot pot or hotdish • by extension from the sense of someone working with pots and pans: a maidservant • (historical, slang) by further extension from the sense of maidservant: a woman (in reference to sex) • (historical, slang, archaic) during the late Edo period, a 搗米屋 (tsukigomeya, “rice polisher shop, white rice retailer”) who has run out of stock 鍋 • (gwa) · 鍋 • (gwa) (hangeul 과, revised gwa, McCune–Reischauer kwa, Yale kwa) Hán-Nôm : oa 鍋
鍛 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *toːns) : semantic 釒 (“metal”) + phonetic 段 (OC *doːns). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dyun³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuàn • Middle-Chinese : twanH to forge; to shape metal • to temper; to refine ‖ 鍛(たん) • (tan) ‖ 鍛(きたえ) • (Kitae) ^(←きたへ (kitafe)?) to forge • to toughen • workout, discipline, training ‖ forging, smithing • (by extension) refining, disciplining (of the mind, body, etc.) ‖ a male given name 鍛 (eumhun 불릴 단 (bullil dan)) Hán-Nôm : đoán • Hán-Nôm : đoàn 鍛
鍵 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡran, *ɡranʔ, *ɡanʔ) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 建 (OC *kans) – a metal key. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiàn • Middle-Chinese : gjen • Middle-Chinese : gjonX • Middle-Chinese : gjenX door bolt, lock bolt • (music) key (lever on a musical keyboard) • key (button on a typewriter or computer keyboard) • to type • (chemistry) bond • (computing) key (value that uniquely identifies an entry in a container) ‖ 鍵(かぎ) • (kagi) ‖ 鍵(けん) • (ken) ‖ key (tool for opening or locking something) • key; clue (important fact for solving something) • lock ‖ (computing) key • (music) key 鍵 (eumhun 열쇠 건 (yeolsoe geon)) hanja form of 건 (“key”) Hán-Nôm : kiện 鍵
鎮 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tin, *tins) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 真 (OC *ʔljin) – to press down on (with a metal weight). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tìn • Middle-Chinese : trin • Middle-Chinese : trinH to press down; to suppress; to repress; to subdue • to guard; to garrison • to calm; to tranquilize; to sedate • to awe; to frighten • (of food or drinks) to cool; to chill • stronghold; garrison • town; township • whole; entire (day) • (archaic) for a long time; enduringly; frequently • Used in 鎮星／镇星 (Zhènxīng, “Saturn”). • (Hokkien, Teochew) to block; to impede; to be a hindrance • a surname to hold down; to press down; to suppress • to calm down; to relax • a weight 鎮 (eumhun 진압할 진 (jinaphal jin)) Hán-Nôm : trấn • Hán-Nôm : chắn • Hán-Nôm : chận • Hán-Nôm : dấn • Hán-Nôm : sán • Hán-Nôm : sấn • Hán-Nôm : trớn • Hán-Nôm : giấn 鎮
鐵 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰiːɡ) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 𢧜 (OC *l'iːɡ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *hljak (“iron”). Cognate with Tibetan ལྕགས (lcags). According to the Shuowen, alternative forms included 銕 (OC *l'iːl, *l̥ʰiːd). Compare 驖 (OC *l̥ʰiːɡ, *l'iːɡ, “black horse”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄝˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thih • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thet • Middle-Chinese : thet iron (Fe) • (only in compounds) Short for 鐵路／铁路 (tiělù, “railway”). • arms; weapon (Classifier: 條／条 c; 嚿 c) • strong; solid; firm • ironclad; firm; unalterable • ruthless • (Cantonese, colloquial, always with the classifier) nothing; damn all; jack shit; bugger all (Classifier: 條／条 c) • a surname Kyūjitai form of 鉄 (“iron”) 鐵 (eumhun 쇠 철 (soe cheol)) hanja form of 쇠 (“iron”) Hán-Nôm : thiết • Hán-Nôm : sắt 鐵
鑄 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjos) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 壽 (OC *djuʔ, *djus). Historically, the glyph forms for this character used to be highly composite, with combinations of various ideogrammic (會意／会意) components, including 皿 (“container, crucible, or mould”), 火 (“fire”), 寸 (“hand”), or 𦦡 = 𦥑 (“two hands”) + 鬲 (“cauldron, container”), etc., indicating metal-casting. The phonetic value were signified by the optional component 𠃬, which also appeared in 壽 (OC *djuʔ, *djus). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyu³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsù • Middle-Chinese : tsyuH to cast; to melt; to found; to forge • to form; to create; to mould • to cultivate; to train 鑄 • (ju) · 鑄 • (ju) (hangeul 주) Hán-Nôm : chú 鑄
鑑 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kraːm, *kraːms, *kraːms) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms). ‖ 鑑(かがみ) • (kagami) ‖ 鑑(かがみ) • (Kagami) ‖ 鑑(かん) • (kan) ‖ 鑑(かん) • (kan) ‖ 鑑(あきら) • (Akira) ‖ an example, exemplar, model, pattern ‖ a surname ‖ a kind of ancient Chinese bronzeware • an example, exemplar, model, pattern ‖ example, exemplar • model, pattern • inspect, examine • evaluate ‖ a male or female given name 鑑 (eumhun 거울 감 (geoul gam)) hanja form of 감 (“mirror; inspection”) Hán-Nôm : giám • Hán-Nôm : gương 鑑
閏 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 門 (“gate”) + 王 (“king”). The original meaning “intercalary” is derived from kings' ancient practice of remaining within the palace gates on a leap day (which was in excess of the lunar calendar's 364 days, whence the meanings “remainder” and “surplus”), not engaging in their usual governing functions. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jeon⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jūn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lūn • Middle-Chinese : nywinH intercalary; leap • (literary) surplus; remainder • (literary) deputy; illegitimate; usurped ‖ 閏(うるう) • (urū) intercalary • heresy ‖ intercalary, leap 閏 (eumhun 윤달 윤 (yundal yun)) hanja form of 윤 (“intercalary”) Hán-Nôm : nhuận • Hán-Nôm : nhộn • Hán-Nôm : nhuần • Hán-Nôm : nhún 閏
閥 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bad) : semantic 門 + phonetic 伐 (OC *bad). \ Meaning "valve" is borrowed from English valve. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fat⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hua̍t • Middle-Chinese : bjot contribution • family status • powerful and influential group • valve powerful and influential group; a clique 閥 • (beol) · 閥 • (beol) (hangeul 벌, revised beol, McCune–Reischauer pŏl, Yale pel) Hán-Nôm : phiệt 閥
關 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kroːn) : semantic 門 (“door”) + phonetic 𢇅 () – to stop the door from opening with a wooden stick. \ The bronze inscription was in the form of 門 (“door”) + 卝 (“door closed”). 卝 might also serve as a phonetic component. \ Compare Proto-Southwestern Tai *klɔːnᴬ² (“latch of door; rafter”), whence Thai กลอน (glɔɔn) (Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuainn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuann • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuenn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuan • Middle-Chinese : kwaen door bolt • to close; to shut • to close down (a business) • to lock up; to detain • to turn off; to switch off • (literary) to go through; to pass • to concern; to implicate; to relate to • frontier pass; border control; checkpoint (controlled passage) • (specifically) Shanhai Pass • area just outside a city gate • difficult time; critical juncture • key; crucial part • (video games) Short for 關卡／关卡 (guānqiǎ, “level”). • (traditional Chinese medicine) Short for 關上／关上 (guānshàng, “guan, a pulse position on the wrist”). • (dated) to issue or receive payment • a surname ‖ 關(せき) • (Seki) Kyūjitai form of 関 ‖ a surname 關 (eumhun 빗장 관 (bitjang gwan)) ‖ 關 (eumhun 당길 완 (danggil wan)) hanja form of 관 (“relation; barrier”) ‖ (literary Chinese) Alternative form of 彎 (“hanja form of 완 (“stretching a bow; to draw a bow”)”) Hán-Nôm : quan 關
阜 Pictogram (象形) , a row of hills. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fau⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hǔ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hū • Middle-Chinese : bjuwX (literary) mound • (literary) abundant; rich • a surname ‖ mound, dam ‖ 阜 (eumhun 언덕 부 (eondeok bu)) hanja form of 부 (“hill”) Hán-Nôm : phụ 阜
阪 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *braːnʔ, *panʔ) : semantic 阝 (“mound”) + phonetic 反 (OC *panʔ, *pʰan) – hill, slope. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baan² • Cantonese · Jyutping : faan² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puánn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huán • Middle-Chinese : pjonX • Middle-Chinese : baenX hillside farmland • slope ‖ 阪(はん) • (han) ^(←はん (fan)?) slope, hillside ‖ Short for 大阪 (Ōsaka, “Ōsaka (a city in Japan)”). 阪 (eumhun 언덕 판 (eondeok pan)) hanja form of 판 (“slope; hill”) Hán-Nôm : phản • Hán-Nôm : bản 阪
阿 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qaːl) : semantic 阜 + phonetic 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ): Originally meaning a big mound. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔa(ŋ/k)- (“noun prefix”) (STEDT). \ ; “atto-” ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : aa³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : a • Hokkien · Tai-lo : o ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜ • Cantonese · Jyutping : o¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : o • Hokkien · Tai-lo : oo • Middle-Chinese : 'a Prefix used in front of the surname or last character of someone’s given name to express familiarity or friendliness (traditionally used in rural or southern Chinese dialects). • (Hokkien, honorific) Prefix to rank seniority for kinship terms. • (Nanjing Mandarin, Northern Wu, including Suzhounese) Interrogative particle • Alternative form of 啊 (ā, á, ǎ, à, a, “particle”) • Short for 阿富汗 (Āfùhàn, “Afghanistan”). • Short for 阿爾巴尼亞／阿尔巴尼亚 (Ā'ěrbāníyà, “Albania”). • Short for 阿拉伯 (Ālābó, “Arabic”). • atto- (SI unit prefix) ‖ big mound; mountain • hillside • fine silks • (literary, of a mountain or stream) bend; corner • waterside • nearby; near • to flatter; to pander to • to be unfairly partial to • Alternative form of 屙 (ē, “to excrete”) • a surname ‖ 阿(あ) • (a) ‖ 阿(あ) • (a) ‖ The first letter of Sanskrit, अ (a). ‖ to flatter; to pander to • ridge (of roof); eaves • A prefix expressing familiarity. • Used as a phonetic element, especially in words from Sanskrit. • Short for アフリカ (Afurika, “Africa”). • Short for 阿波国 (Awa no kuni, “Awa Province”). 阿 (eumhun 언덕 아 (eondeok a)) · 阿 (eumhun 호칭 옥 (hoching ok)) canonical : 阿: Hán Việt readings: a • canonical : á 阿: Nôm readings: a • canonical : à 阿
陋 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liō • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lōo • Middle-Chinese : luwH plain; ugly • vulgar; coarse; unrefined • humble; mean • (of knowledge) limited; shallow small • narrow • ugly • ignoble, mean 陋 • (ru>nu) · 陋 • (ru>nu) (hangeul 루>누, revised ru>nu, McCune–Reischauer ru>nu, Yale lwu>nwu) canonical : 陋: Hán Việt readings: lậu 陋: Nôm readings: lậu chữ Hán form of lậu (“ugly”). • chữ Hán form of lậu (“narrow”). 陋
陌 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mbraːɡ) : semantic 阝 + phonetic 百 (OC *praːɡ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mak⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maak⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bi̍k • Middle-Chinese : maek (literary) footpath between fields going east to west • street; path; road (financial, archaic) one hundred 陌 • (maek) · 陌 • (maek) (hangeul 맥, revised maek, McCune–Reischauer maek, Yale mayk) Hán-Nôm : mạch • Hán-Nôm : méc 陌
陛 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *biːʔ) : semantic 阝 + phonetic 坒 (OC *bis, *biɡ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pē • Middle-Chinese : bejX (archaic) flight of steps; (specifically) steps leading to the throne in a palace highness • steps of a throne 陛 (eumhun 섬돌 폐 (seomdol pye)) Hán-Nôm : bệ 陛
陡 Cantonese · Jyutping : dau² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄡˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tió • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tóo • Middle-Chinese : tuwX steep; sloping • (literary, or in compounds) abruptly; suddenly • (literary, or in compounds) deep; extensive 陡 • (du) · 陡 • (du) (hangeul 두) Hán-Nôm : đẩu 陡
隋 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰoːlʔ, *l'oːlʔ, *ljol) : abbreviated phonetic 隓 (OC *hlol) + semantic 肉 (“meat”). \ The use of this character for the dynasty name was created by its first emperor from the character 隨／随 (suí). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suî • Middle-Chinese : zjwe (～朝) Sui dynasty • a surname ‖ 隋(ずい) • (Zui) ‖ Sui dynasty 隋 (eum 수 (su)) Hán-Nôm : tùy • Hán-Nôm : tuỳ 隋
隘 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qreːɡs) : semantic 阝 + phonetic 益 (OC *qleɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qreːɡs) : semantic 阝 + phonetic 益 (OC *qleɡ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aai³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ai³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ài • Middle-Chinese : 'eaH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ak¹ narrow; confined • strategic pass that is dangerous or difficult to access ‖ to isolate • to block; to defend ‖ 隘(あい) • (ai) narrow ‖ narrow; confined 隘 (eumhun 좁을 애 (jobeul ae)) hanja form of 애 (“narrow”) Hán-Nôm : ải • Hán-Nôm : ỏi 隘
隧 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suī • Middle-Chinese : zwijH tunnel; underground passage 隧 • (su) · 隧 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu) canonical : 隧: Hán Việt readings: toại • canonical : trụy • canonical : truỵ 隧: Nôm readings: toại chữ Hán form of toại (“tunnel, trench”). 隧
隨 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljol) : semantic 辵 (“walking”) + abbreviated phonetic 𡐦 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suî • Middle-Chinese : zjwe to follow • to listen to; to submit • to accompany • (Northern Mandarin, of a person) to resemble (a parent in appearance or disposition) • (colloquial) to chip in by giving one's portion of gift money, payment, red packet, etc. (e.g. when others get married) • incidentally; conveniently; in passing • to allow; to let somebody do as he or she pleases • 17th hexagram of the I Ching; "following" • (～縣) Sui (a county of Suizhou, Hubei, China) • a surname: Sui 隨 • (su) · 隨 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu) Hán-Nôm : tùy • Hán-Nôm : tuỳ • Hán-Nôm : tòe • Hán-Nôm : toè • Hán-Nôm : xòe • Hán-Nôm : xoè 隨
險 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰramʔ) : semantic 阝 + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam). \ May be cognate with 巖 (OC *ŋraːm, “tall; cliff”). See 嚴 for more. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiám • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hém • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiánn • Middle-Chinese : xjemX (of terrain) difficult and treacherous • (now in compounds) narrow pass; treacherous place; strategic point • (now dialectal or in compounds) danger; hazard; peril; risk • dangerous; hazardous • (now dialectal or in compounds) sinister; vicious • (of bad things) almost; nearly • (in compounds) Short for 保險／保险 (bǎoxiǎn, “insurance”). 險 • (heom) · 險 • (heom) (hangeul 험, revised heom, McCune–Reischauer hŏm, Yale hem) canonical : 險: Hán Việt readings: hiểm 險: Nôm readings: hiểm • canonical : hẻm • canonical : hiếm • canonical : hĩm chữ Hán form of hiểm (“dangerous, impassable”). • Nôm form of hẻm (“narrow space, dead-end”). • Nôm form of hiếm (“rare, scarce”). • Nôm form of hĩm (“little girl (Central Vietnamese countryside)”). 險
隱 Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qɯnʔ, *qɯns) : semantic 阜 + phonetic 㥯 (). ‖ Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qɯnʔ, *qɯns) : semantic 阜 + phonetic 㥯 (). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ún • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ín • Middle-Chinese : 'j+nX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣˋ • Middle-Chinese : 'j+nH to hide; to cover; to shield • to conceal; to cover up • hidden; concealed • profound; subtle; delicate • facts one wishes to hide; feelings or troubles one wishes to keep to oneself; secret • secretly; inwardly ‖ to lean upon Kyūjitai form of 隠 (“to hide; to conceal”) 隱 (eumhun 숨을 은 (sumeul eun)) hanja form of 은 (“hide”) canonical : 隱: Hán Việt readings: ẩn 隱: Nôm readings: ẩn • canonical : ửng • canonical : ăng • canonical : ổn • canonical : ẳng chữ Hán form of ẩn (“to seclude oneself; to hide oneself”). 隱
隻 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 隹 (“bird”) + 又 (“hand”). \ To hold one bird is 隻; to hold two birds is 雙. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tjak ~ g-t(j)ik (“one”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiak • Middle-Chinese : tsyek one bird • single • (mathematics) odd • alone • unique • Classifier for one of a pair. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier • Classifier for birds and certain animals (especially limbed or small, grabbable by hand). • Classifier for symmetrical body parts, limbs, hands, feet. • Classifier for certain vessels, containers, utensils and objects worn on or grabbable by hand. • Classifier for boats. • Classifier for songs. • (dialectal, humorous or derogatory) Classifier for people. • (Cantonese) Classifier for kinds or varieties. • (Cantonese, slang) Classifier for months of prison sentence. ‖ 隻(せき) • (-seki) ‖ boats or ships • one of two, one of a pair • birds, fish, or arrows 隻 • (cheok) · 隻 • (cheok) (hangeul 척, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏk, Yale chek) Hán-Nôm : chiếc • Hán-Nôm : chếch • Hán-Nôm : chệch • Hán-Nôm : chích • Hán-Nôm : xếch • Hán-Nôm : xệch • Hán-Nôm : chỉ 隻
雀 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 小 (“small”) + 隹 (“bird”) – a small bird, a sparrow. \ In the current form, the upper part looks like 少, but what looks like the bottom stroke of 少 is actually the upper left stroke of 隹, extended. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄝˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsennh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsioh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshik • Middle-Chinese : tsjak sparrow, especially the Eurasian tree sparrow (Passer montanus) • small bird • (literary) dark red; brownish red • (Cantonese, dialectal Hakka) bird (Classifier: 隻／只 c) • (Cantonese, Jinhua Wu, colloquial) penis (Classifier: 隻／只 c) • a surname ‖ 雀(すずめ) or 雀(スズメ) • (suzume) sparrow ‖ a Eurasian tree sparrow (Passer montanus) 雀 • (jak) · 雀 • (jak) (hangeul 작, revised jak, McCune–Reischauer chak, Yale cak) Hán-Nôm : tước 雀
雕 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : diu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiau • Middle-Chinese : tew to engrave; to inlay; to carve • carving • a surname 雕 • (jo) · 雕 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho, Yale co) Hán-Nôm : điêu 雕
雖 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sqʰʷi) : semantic 虫 + phonetic 唯 (OC *ɢʷi, *ɢʷiʔ). \ Originally meaning "a lizard-like reptile", the character has been phonetically borrowed to represent the sense "although". \ Jacques (2019) proposes this to be 維 (OC *ɢʷi, “to be”) with a converbial *s- prefix, literally "while being". ‖ ‖ ‖ From Hokkien 衰 (soe, “unlucky”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄟ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄟˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sui • Middle-Chinese : swij ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi¹ • Middle-Chinese : swij ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi¹ • Middle-Chinese : swij ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄟ although; even if; despite ‖ lizard-like reptile ‖ ^‡ to push ‖ (chiefly Taiwan, slang) Alternative form of 衰 (“unlucky; unimpressive”) 雖 (eumhun 비록 수 (birok su)) ‖ 雖 (eumhun 벌레 이름 수 (beolle ireum su)) ‖ 雖 (eumhun 짐승 이름 유 (jimseung ireum yu)) hanja form of 수 (“although”) ‖ hanja form of 수 (“The name of a bug”) ‖ hanja form of 유 (“The name of a beast”) Hán-Nôm : tuy 雖
雙 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 雔 (“two birds”) + 又 (“hand”) – Represents two birds (隹) in someone's right hand (又). \ Several etymologies have been posited: \ * From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dzum ~ tsum (“pair”), whence Jingpho zum (“to be in pairs”), Burmese စုံ (cum, “pair”), but this comparison may be problematic given the mismatch in the final nasal (STEDT). \ * Related to Tibetan ཟུང (zung, “pair; couple”), Mru [script needed] (choŋ, “pair”) (Coblin, 1986; Löffler, 1966; Schuessler, 2007), but this would require assuming the Proto-Sino-Tibetan word to be *C-zuŋ (Schuessler, 2007). Jacques (2015b) rules out the possibility of comparing with the Tibetan word because Tibetan z- comes from *dz. \ * Doublet of 孿 (OC *smroːns, *smrons, “twin”) (Baxter, 1992), but this has been related to Jingpho marun (“to have twins”) (from run (“to be in pairs”)), which would point to yet another Proto-Sino-Tibetan root *run (Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄤ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄤˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : song • Middle-Chinese : sraewng (attributive) two; double; twin • (attributive, of an integer) even (divisible by two) • (attributive) double; two-fold; twice • (dialectal) twins • Classifier for a pair of objects. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier • a rare surname: Shuang pair; set 雙 (eumhun 쌍 쌍 (ssang ssang)) hanja form of 쌍 (“pair”) Hán-Nôm : song • Hán-Nôm : rông • Hán-Nôm : suông 雙
雜 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zuːb) : semantic 衣 + phonetic 集 (OC *zub). \ Cognate with 集 (OC *zub, “to gather; to collect”) (Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄚˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsa̍p • Middle-Chinese : dzop miscellaneous; mixed • extra; irregular • (Cantonese, of a place) having all kinds of people, especially bad people • (Cantonese) entrails for food • to mix mixed • blended • mix • mingle 雜 (eumhun 섞일 잡 (seokkil jap)) Hán-Nôm : tạp • Hán-Nôm : xạp • Hán-Nôm : tọp 雜
雹 Characters in the same phonetic series (勹) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bruːɡ) : semantic 雨 (“rain”) + phonetic 包 (OC *pruː). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-bru(ŋ/k) (“dragon; thunder”), whence also 龍 (OC *b·roŋ, *mroːŋ, “dragon”) (STEDT). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄠˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pha̍uh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phàu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pa̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : po̍k • Middle-Chinese : baewk hail ‖ 雹(ひょう) • (hyō) hail ‖ hail • a hailstone 雹 (eumhun 우박 박 (ubak bak)) hanja form of 박 (“hail”) Hán-Nôm : bạc • Hán-Nôm : bão • Hán-Nôm : boạc 雹
霄 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sew) : semantic 雨 (“rain”) + phonetic 肖 (OC *slew, *slews). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : siu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sio • Middle-Chinese : sjew sky; heaven • clouds; mist • sleet • Alternative form of 宵 (“night”) • Alternative form of 消 (xiāo, “to dissolve”) • a surname 霄 • (so) · 霄 • (so) (hangeul 소, revised so, McCune–Reischauer so, Yale so) Hán-Nôm : tiêu 霄
霉 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mrɯl) : semantic 雨 (“rain”) + phonetic 每 (OC *mɯːʔ). ‖ Designated as the simplified form of 黴 in the Chinese Character Simplification Scheme (漢字簡化方案) (1956). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mui⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : muî ‖ to become moldy; mildewed • (Cantonese, of garment) worn out ‖ mold 霉 • (mae) · 霉 • (mae) (hangeul 매, revised mae, McCune–Reischauer mae, Yale may) Hán-Nôm : mai • Hán-Nôm : môi 霉
霍 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 雨 (“rain”) + 隹 (“bird”) Cantonese · Jyutping : fok³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄛˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hok • Middle-Chinese : xwak quickly; suddenly • (Wuhan Mandarin) lightning • a surname 霍 • (gwak) · 霍 • (gwak) (hangeul 곽, revised gwak, McCune–Reischauer kwak, Yale kwak) Hán-Nôm : hoắc • Hán-Nôm : quắc 霍
霎 ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saap³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sap • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sa̍p • Middle-Chinese : srjep • Middle-Chinese : sreap ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiap • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tia̍p ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : saap³ (literary or Southern Min) light rain; drizzle • (literary, onomatopoeia) The sound of rain or wind. • instant; moment • short; fleeting • (Southern Min) to rain (of a drizzle) • (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) crumbs; small pieces ‖ (Hokkien) moment; short time ‖ (Cantonese) to speak a lot or with a lot of effort; to make one's voice become hoarse • (Cantonese) to order; to instruct; to holler (at someone to do something) 霎 (eumhun 잠시 삽 (jamsi sap)) hanja form of 삽 (“an instant”) 霎
霞 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡraː) : semantic 雨 (“rain”) + phonetic 叚 (OC *kraːʔ). Cantonese · Jyutping : haa⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hêe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hê • Middle-Chinese : hae the light and clouds at sunrise and sunset; mist; rosy clouds • colorful; rosy • Alternative form of 遐 (xiá) • a surname: Xia ‖ 霞(かすみ) • (kasumi) ‖ 霞(かすみ) • (Kasumi) mist, haze • foreglow or afterglow ‖ mist, haze • (by extension) dimness of sight • a foreglow or afterglow • (colloquial) an alcoholic beverage • steam that comes out from heating sake or vinegar • a cloud-shaped figure used to display a scene transition • Short for 霞網 (kasumiami): a fowling net • Short for 霞割り (kasumiwari): ‖ Short for 霞が関 (Kasumigaseki): a district in Chiyoda Ward, Tokyo • a female given name • a surname 霞 (eumhun 노을 하 (no'eul ha)) hanja form of 하 (“the light and clouds at sunrise and sunset; mist; rosy clouds”) Hán-Nôm : hà 霞
霸 Exoactive or transitive of 伯 (OC *praːɡ, “be the eldest”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Same word as 魄 (OC *pʰraːɡ, “soul”) and cognate with 白 (OC *braːɡ, “white”) (Schuessler, 2007). Chiefly attested in Zhou-era bronze inscriptions for calendrical functions (Wang, 1923). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baa³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pà • Middle-Chinese : paeH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paak³ to dominate • (historical) overlord, hegemon • tyrant; despot; bully • hegemony; tyranny • to occupy; to monopolize • (Eastern Min) powerful; awesome; impressive ‖ (archaic, Chinese astronomy) Alternative form of 魄 (pò, “illuminated part of the moon”) • moonlight in the beginning of a lunar month right after the new moon 霸 (eumhun 으뜸 패 (eutteum pae)) hanja form of 패 (“the best; the top; the head”) Hán-Nôm : bá • Hán-Nôm : phách 霸
霹 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰeːɡ) : semantic 雨 + phonetic 辟 (OC *peɡ, *pʰeɡ, *beɡ). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phik • Middle-Chinese : phek Used in 霹靂／霹雳 (pīlì). • of thunder, to strike heavy thunder • (of lightning) to strike, to fall 霹 (eumhun 벼락 벽 (byeorak byeok)) hanja form of 벽 (“thunder”) 霹
靈 Characters in the same phonetic series (霝) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Found as 𩆜 in Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːŋ) : phonetic 霝 (OC *reːŋ) + semantic 玉 (“jade”). \ The semantic component 玉 (“jade”) may be replaced with 巫 (“witch”), as in the current form, or with 心 (“heart”) or 示 (“memorial tablet”) in the ancient bronze inscription forms. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Middle-Chinese : leng god; deity • soul; spirit • effective; efficacious • keen; quick • nimble • (Northern Wu) apt; suitable; high-quality; good • (Northern Wu) appropriately working; appropriately functioning • a surname: Ling Kyūjitai form of 霊: soul, spirit; ghost; mystery 靈 (eumhun 신령 령 (sillyeong ryeong), word-initial (South Korea) 신령 영 (sillyeong yeong)) hanja form of 령/영 (“spirit, soul, deity”) Hán-Nôm : linh • Hán-Nôm : lanh • Hán-Nôm : lẻng • Hán-Nôm : leng • Hán-Nôm : lênh • Hán-Nôm : liêng • Hán-Nôm : lình spirit, soul 靈
靖 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zleŋʔ) : semantic 立 (“to stand; to establish”) + phonetic 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ). \ Same word as 靜 (OC *zleŋʔ, “to keep quiet”) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for more. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zing⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsīng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsǐng • Middle-Chinese : dzjengX stable; peaceful; tranquil • to pacify; to stabilize • to govern; to administer • to plan • to think of • respectful; prudent • a surname ‖ 靖(はかる) • (Hakaru) ‖ 靖(きよし) • (Kiyoshi) ‖ 靖(のぶ) • (Nobu) ‖ 靖(おさむ) • (Osamu) ‖ 靖(しずか) • (Shizuka) ‖ 靖(せい) • (Sei) ‖ 靖(せいじ) • (Seiji) ‖ 靖(しずむ) • (Shizumu) ‖ 靖(やす) • (Yasu) ‖ 靖(やすみ) • (Yasumi) ‖ 靖(やすし) • (Yasushi) peaceful, calm, easygoing ‖ a male given name ‖ a male given name ‖ a male given name ‖ a male given name ‖ a female given name ‖ a surname • a female given name ‖ a male given name ‖ a male given name ‖ a male given name ‖ a female given name ‖ a male given name 靖 • (jeong) · 靖 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng, Yale ceng) Hán-Nôm : tĩnh • Hán-Nôm : tịnh 靖
靜 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zleŋʔ) : semantic 青 + phonetic 爭 (OC *ʔsreːŋ). \ Perhaps from Mon-Khmer; compare Old Khmer siṅ (“to stay in/at; to abide; to be still”) (Schuessler, 2007). 靖 (OC *zleŋʔ) is the same word (ibid.). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zing⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsǐng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsīng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsǐnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsīnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsēnn • Middle-Chinese : dzjengX quiet; silent; devoid of noise • silent; not making a noise • still; motionless • gentle 靜 • (jeong) · 靜 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng, Yale ceng) hanja form of 정 (“quiet, silence, static”) Hán-Nôm : tĩnh 靜
靠 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰuːɡs) : phonetic 告 (OC *kuːɡs, *kuːɡ) + semantic 非. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kaau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khòo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuà • Middle-Chinese : khawH to lean on; to recline • to depend on; to rely on • to trust; to have confidence in • to come near to; to approach • to keep to (a certain side) • (euphemistic) Alternative form of 肏 (“to fuck”) • (Northern Wu) approximately 靠 • (go) · 靠 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko) Hán-Nôm : kháo • Hán-Nôm : khéo 靠
靡 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mralʔ) : phonetic 麻 (OC *mraːl) + semantic 非 - to scatter. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mralʔ) : phonetic 麻 (OC *mraːl) + semantic 非 - to scatter. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bí • Middle-Chinese : mjeX ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bî (literary) to fall down; to collapse; to be swept away • (literary) extravagant; beautiful; splendid • (literary) delicate; minute • (literary) no; not • (literary) to not have; to be without ‖ extravagant; wasteful • to waste; to squander • to extinguish; to eliminate • to rotten; to damage • to exhaust; to use up • to divide; to disperse; to scatter • to share to wave; to stream; to flutter • extravagant; wasteful; to waste • to exhaust • to spread 靡 (eum 미 (mi)) Hán-Nôm : mị 靡
靶 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *praːs) : semantic 革 + phonetic 巴 (OC *praː). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baa² • Cantonese · Jyutping : baa³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pé • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pée • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pá • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pa • Middle-Chinese : paeH target • splash-board on chariot target • splash-board on chariot 靶 • (pa) · 靶 • (pa) (hangeul 파, revised pa, McCune–Reischauer p'a, Yale pha) reins • target 靶
鞋 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡreː, *ɡreː, *ɡreː) : semantic 革 (“leather”) + phonetic 圭 (OC *kʷeː) – leather shoes. Originally written as 鞵. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : erê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hâi • Middle-Chinese : hea • Middle-Chinese : heaj shoe; footwear (Classifier: 雙／双 m mn; 對／对 c; 隻／只) ‖ 鞋(くつ) • (kutsu) ‖ 鞋(わらじ) • (waraji) ^(←わらぢ (waradi)?) shoes; shoe; footwear ‖ Alternative spelling of 靴 (“piece of footwear”) ‖ Rare spelling of 草鞋 (“straw sandal”). 鞋 • (hye) · 鞋 • (hye) (hangeul 혜) Hán-Nôm : hài • Hán-Nôm : giày 鞋
鞍 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qaːn) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 革 (“leather”) + 安 (“secure”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : on¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uann • Hokkien · Tai-lo : an saddle ‖ 鞍(くら) • (kura) ‖ 鞍(あん) • (an) ‖ saddle ‖ saddle 鞍 (eum 안 (an)) Hán-Nôm : yên • Hán-Nôm : an 鞍
鞠 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : guk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiok • Middle-Chinese : kjuwk • Middle-Chinese : khjuwk • Middle-Chinese : gjuwk (historical) leather ball used in games • to bend; to curve • to bow • bow • to rear; to raise; to nourish • young; childish • to warn; to admonish • Alternative form of 鞫 (jū, “to interrogate; to exhaust”) • Alternative form of 菊 (jú, “chrysanthemum”) • a surname ball 鞠 • (guk) · 鞠 • (guk) (hangeul 국, revised guk, McCune–Reischauer kuk, Yale kwuk) Hán-Nôm : cúc 鞠
鞭 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pen) : semantic 革 (“leather”) + phonetic 便 (OC *ben, *bens). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pian • Middle-Chinese : pjien whip (Classifier: 條／条 c) • to whip; to flog • penis of an animal • (historical) an ancient type of weapon, segmented and made of iron • string of firecrackers ‖ 鞭(むち) • (muchi) ‖ whip 鞭 • (pyeon) · 鞭 • (pyeon) (hangeul 편, revised pyeon, McCune–Reischauer p'yŏn, Yale phyen) Hán-Nôm : tiên • Hán-Nôm : tiệm 鞭
韭 Pictogram (象形) – leek in the ground (一). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄡˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiú • Middle-Chinese : kjuwX garlic chives; Chinese chives; Chinese leek (Allium tuberosum) garlic chive 韭 • (gu) · 韭 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu) Hán-Nôm : cửu 韭
頌 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sɢloŋs, *loŋ) : phonetic 公 (OC *kloːŋ) + semantic 頁 (“head”) – appearance. Now written 容. ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zung⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshīng • Middle-Chinese : zjowngH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁴ • Middle-Chinese : yowng to laud; to acclaim; to praise; to extol • ode; hymn; eulogy ‖ (alt. form 容) appearance; looks • (alt. form 容) to tolerate; to be lenient ‖ 頌(しょう) • (shō) eulogy ‖ eulogy 頌 • (song, yong) · 頌 • (song, yong) (hangeul 송, 용, revised song, yong, McCune–Reischauer song, yong, Yale song, yong) Hán-Nôm : tụng 頌
預 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *las) : phonetic 予 (OC *la, *laʔ) + semantic 頁. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : īr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ǐr • Middle-Chinese : yoH beforehand, in advance • to take part in • (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to participate in an activity • (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to play (chess, cards, mahjong, hide-and-seek, etc.) • (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien, of an activity) to start • (Cantonese, Teochew) to foresee; to expect; to anticipate • (Cantonese, Teochew) to prepare; to plan for; to estimate • (Cantonese) to reserve a place; to count someone in beforehand • take care of • entrust 預 • (ye) · 預 • (ye) (hangeul 예, revised ye, McCune–Reischauer ye, Yale yey) canonical : 預: Hán Việt readings: dự 預: Nôm readings: dứa • canonical : dựa • canonical : nhứ • canonical : rợ chữ Hán form of dự (“to participate”). • (in compounds) chữ Hán form of dự (“to forsee, to prepare”). 預
頑 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋroːn, *ŋroːn) : phonetic 元 (OC *ŋon, “head”) + semantic 頁 (“head”). \ As 元 came to be used to mean “original”, rather than “head”, this character was formed from the original meaning of 元 (“head”) + the semantic element 頁／页 to affirm the “head” meaning, but with the modification in meaning to “an intransigent head”; the head of a heady person. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : guân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uán • Middle-Chinese : ngwaen obstinate; stubborn; recalcitrant • stupid; ignorant • naughty; mischievous stubborn 頑 • (wan) · 頑 • (wan) (hangeul 완, revised wan, McCune–Reischauer wan, Yale wan) Hán-Nôm : ngoan • Hán-Nôm : ngoãn 頑
頒 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *praːn, *bɯn) : phonetic 分 (OC *pɯn, *bɯns) + semantic 頁 (“head”). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baan¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pan • Middle-Chinese : paen ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan⁴ • Middle-Chinese : bjun to confer; to bestow; to grant; to present • to publish; to promulgate • Used in 頒白／颁白. ‖ having a large head distribute, partition 頒 • (ban, bun) · 頒 • (ban, bun) (hangeul 반, 분, revised ban, bun, McCune–Reischauer pan, pun, Yale pan, pun) Hán-Nôm : ban 頒
頓 ; “tired” ‖ ; “tired” ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : deon⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tùn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǹg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuìnn • Middle-Chinese : twonH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǹg ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : duk⁶ to pause • to arrange; to handle; to deal with • to stamp the ground • (literary) to kowtow • Classifier for meals. • Classifier for beatings, scoldings, etc. • suddenly; abruptly; all of the sudden • tired; weary; fatigued; exhausted; strained • (Southern Min) meal • (Southern Min) to stamp; to affix (a seal) • (Hakka) to hit; to bump into with elbow • (Southern Min) to strike; to beat; to hit • (Southern Min) to fall on one's buttocks • (Southern Min) to place a heavy object on a flat platform • (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) to have a trial of strength or skill; to have a contest; to compete with • a surname: Dun ‖ (Mainland China Hokkien) to place somewhere for a short period of time to produce some effect ‖ Only used in 冒頓／冒顿 (Mòdú). to kowtow • to rest, to stay, to abide • suddenly 頓 • (don, dun) · 頓 • (don, dun) (hangeul 돈, 둔) Hán-Nôm : đốn • Hán-Nôm : đón • Hán-Nôm : nhún • Hán-Nôm : dún • Hán-Nôm : đon • Hán-Nôm : đún • Hán-Nôm : lún • Hán-Nôm : rón 頓
頗 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰaːl, *pʰaːlʔ, *pʰaːls) : phonetic 皮 (OC *bral) + semantic 頁. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄛ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄛˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : po² • Cantonese · Jyutping : po¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pho • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phó • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phò • Middle-Chinese : pha • Middle-Chinese : phaX • Middle-Chinese : phaH (literary) leaning to one side; oblique; slanting • (literary or Hong Kong) very; rather; quite; considerably • (Eastern Min) about; almost • a surname: Po 頗 • (pa) · 頗 • (pa) (hangeul 파, revised pa, McCune–Reischauer p'a, Yale pha) canonical : 頗: Hán Việt readings: pha • canonical : phả 頗: Nôm readings: phở • canonical : pha • canonical : phả • canonical : và Nôm form of phở (“pho”). 頗
顎 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːɡ) : phonetic 咢 (OC *ŋaːɡ) + semantic 頁. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngok⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : go̍k • Middle-Chinese : ngak jaw ‖ 顎(あご) • (ago) ‖ 顎(がく) • (gaku) jaw ‖ jaw • chin • barb • jaw of a machine ‖ jaw 顎 • (ak) · 顎 • (ak) (hangeul 악, revised ak, McCune–Reischauer ak, Yale ak) 顎
顯 Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 日 (“sun”) + 絲 (“silk”) + 頁 (“person's head”). Cantonese · Jyutping : hin² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiánn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hián • Middle-Chinese : xenX prominent; conspicuous; visible • to appear; to manifest; to display • (prefix) phanero- • (honorific) an honorific for deceased immediate family members • (Wenzhounese) very 顯 • (hyeon) · 顯 • (hyeon) (hangeul 현) Hán-Nôm : hiển 顯
飲 In the oracle bone script, it was an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 酉 (“bottle (of alcoholic beverages)”) + 人 (“person”) + 口 (“mouth (occasionally with the tongue protruding)”) – a person bending over a bottle to drink the alcoholic beverage. The droplets represented drops of the drink or saliva. \ In the bronze script, the mouth separated from the body and corrupted into 今 (OC *krɯm), while the rest of the body became 欠 (OC *kʰoms). These two components also acted as phonetic components. These changes were inherited in the seal script, leading Shuowen to interpret this character (㱃) as a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qrɯmʔ, *qrɯms) : phonetic 酓 (OC *qʰɯːm, *qlamʔ, *qlɯːms) + semantic 欠 (“yawn”). \ In the clerical script, 酓 has been modified to 食 (“to eat”), which is inherited in the current form. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔam (“to eat; to drink”). ‖ In the oracle bone script, it was an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 酉 (“bottle (of alcoholic beverages)”) + 人 (“person”) + 口 (“mouth (occasionally with the tongue protruding)”) – a person bending over a bottle to drink the alcoholic beverage. The droplets represented drops of the drink or saliva. \ In the bronze script, the mouth separated from the body and corrupted into 今 (OC *krɯm), while the rest of the body became 欠 (OC *kʰoms). These two components also acted as phonetic components. These changes were inherited in the seal script, leading Shuowen to interpret this character (㱃) as a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qrɯmʔ, *qrɯms) : phonetic 酓 (OC *qʰɯːm, *qlamʔ, *qlɯːms) + semantic 欠 (“yawn”). \ In the clerical script, 酓 has been modified to 食 (“to eat”), which is inherited in the current form. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔam (“to eat; to drink”). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ím • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ám • Middle-Chinese : 'imX ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : jam³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣˋ • Middle-Chinese : 'imH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : lim (literary or Cantonese, Hakka) to drink • (Cantonese) to attend a banquet • to swallow (tears); to nurse (grievance); to keep in the heart • Alternative form of 隱／隐 (“to hide; to conceal”) • beverage; drink • diet; food • (dialectal Cantonese, including Taishanese, Yangjiang; dialectal Gan; dialectal Hakka; Min) rice water • (Xiamen, Zhangping and Taiwanese Hokkien) sticky and watery ‖ to give (animals) water to drink; to water (animals) • (Southwestern Mandarin) to water (plants) • (literary) to wine and dine (someone); to entertain with alcohol and food ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 啉 (lim, “to drink”) ‖ 飲(いん) • (in) ‖ 飲(いん) • (in) ‖ drink • bear; endure ‖ (literary) drinking (alcoholic beverages) • (literary) drink; beverage • (literary) banquet; feast drink • inhale Hán-Nôm : ẩm • Hán-Nôm : ỡm • Hán-Nôm : hẩm 飲
飼 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljɯs) : semantic 食 + phonetic 司 (OC *slɯ). \ See 食. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sīr • Middle-Chinese : ziH to feed; to rear • (Southern Min) to support (one's parents, elders, etc.) • (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to support (a mistress) domesticate, raise, keep, feed 飼 (eumhun 기를 사 (gireul sa)) hanja form of 사 (“to feed; to raise”) canonical : 飼: Hán Việt readings: tự 飼: Nôm readings: tự chữ Hán form of tự (“breed, raise, rear”). 飼
餅 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *peŋʔ) : semantic 飠 (“food”) + phonetic 并 (OC *peŋ, *peŋs); traditional glyph form during Ming and Qing dynasty used to advocate 幷 (as in 餠) based on the influence of Shuowen. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : beng² • Cantonese · Jyutping : bing² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piánn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : píng • Middle-Chinese : pjiengX pastry; biscuit; cookie • any round and flat pancake-like object • (Cantonese) Classifier for video cassettes. • (Cantonese) Western-style pastry (usually cake) (Classifier: 件 c) • (Cantonese, figuratively) pie (the whole of a wealth or resource, to be divided in parts) (Classifier: 個／个 c) • (Cantonese, fitness) 20 kilograms of weight • (Eastern Min) Classifier for pastry or flat objects. ‖ 餅(もち) • (mochi) ‖ 餅(もち) • (Mochi) ‖ 餅(もちい) • (mochii) ^(←もちひ (motifi)?) ‖ 餅(かちん) • (kachin) ‖ 餅(あも) • (amo) mochi (glutinous rice cake) • food containing mochi • food kneaded and baked from flour ‖ mochi (Japanese rice cake made from glutinous rice, usually mixed with other ingredients) ‖ a surname ‖ (archaic) mochi (Japanese rice cake made from glutinous rice, usually mixed with other ingredients) ‖ (colloquial) mochi (Japanese rice cake made from glutinous rice, usually mixed with other ingredients) ‖ (usually childish) mochi filled or wrapped in red bean paste • (usually childish, by extension) mochi (Japanese rice cake made from glutinous rice, usually mixed with other ingredients) 餅 (eumhun 떡 병 (tteok byeong)) Alternative form of 餠 (“Hanja form of 병 (“rice cake”). ”) romanization : bánh Nôm form of bánh (“pastry, cake, bread, dumpling, noodle, wafer, or pudding”). 餅
餌 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njɯs) : semantic 食 (“to eat”) + phonetic 耳 (OC *njɯʔ). \ An area word. Compare Khmer នុយ (nuy, “bait; lure (especially for catching fish)”), Thai เหยื่อ (yʉ̀ʉa, “bait”) (Schuelsser, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄦˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nei⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ní • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jínn • Middle-Chinese : nyiH food made of rice dough • food • medicine • to eat • to feed • bait (either for fish or for other animals) • to lure ‖ 餌(えさ) • (esa) ^(←ゑさ (wesa)?) ‖ 餌(え) • (e) ^(←ゑ (we)?) ‖ animal food, feed • bait ‖ animal food, feed • bait 餌 • (i) · 餌 • (i) (hangeul 이, revised i, McCune–Reischauer i, Yale i) Hán-Nôm : nhị • Hán-Nôm : nhĩ 餌
餐 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰaːn) : phonetic 𣦼 () + semantic 食 (“to eat; meal; food”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-dz(j)a-k/n/t/s (“to eat; food; to feed; rice”), whence Tibetan ཟ (za, “to eat”); probably also related to 咀 (OC *ʔsaʔ, *zaʔ, “to chew”) (STEDT; Benedict, 1972; Schuessler, 2007). \ Alternatively, it may be compared to Tibetan འཚལ ('tshal, “to eat”), ཚལ་མ (tshal ma, “breakfast”) (Coblin, 1986; Schuessler, 2007; Hill, 2019). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshan • Middle-Chinese : tshan to eat • meal • cuisine; (type of) food • Classifier for meals. • (Cantonese, Gan, Xiang) Classifier for beatings, scoldings, etc. • (Hong Kong Cantonese) Short for 午餐肉 (“luncheon meat”). ‖ 餐(さん) • (san) ‖ eating and drinking 餐 • (chan, son) · 餐 • (chan, son) (hangeul 찬, 손, revised chan, son, McCune–Reischauer ch'an, son, Yale chan, son) Hán-Nôm : xun • Hán-Nôm : san • Hán-Nôm : xan 餐
餘 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *la) : semantic 食 + phonetic 余 (OC *la). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *la) : semantic 食 + phonetic 余 (OC *la). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : û • Hokkien · Tai-lo : îr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : î • Middle-Chinese : yo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝˊ to remain; to have left • time after an event • over; more than • surplus; remainder; excess • remaining; spare; surplus • (obsolete) Alternative form of 余 (“I”) • (obsolete) salt • a surname: Yu ‖ Only used in 緒餘／绪余 (xùyú). Kyūjitai form of 余. • (rare) be left over 餘 (eumhun 남을 여 (nameul yeo)) hanja form of 여 (“remainder”) Hán-Nôm : dư • Hán-Nôm : thừa 餘
馨 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰeːŋ) : phonetic 殸 (OC *kʰreːŋ, *kʰeːŋs) + semantic 香 (“sweet”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄣ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hing¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hing • Middle-Chinese : xeng (literary) spread out fragrance; fragrant • (literary, figurative) widespread renown and reputation ‖ 馨(かおる) • (Kaoru) fragrant • balmy • favourable ‖ a unisex given name 馨 (eumhun 꽃다울 형 (kkotdaul hyeong)) · 馨 (eumhun 향기 형 (hyanggi hyeong)) Hán-Nôm : hinh • Hán-Nôm : hanh • Hán-Nôm : hênh 馨
駐 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tos) : semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 主 (OC *tjoʔ). Cf. 住 (zhù), with the 人 radical replacing 馬. \ Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan, with *-s nominalization or stative suffix. 輟 (OC *tod) is a likely cognate via causative formation. (Jin, 2004) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyu³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsù • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsū • Middle-Chinese : trjuH (of troops, diplomats) to be stationed; to be posted • (literary, or in compounds) to halt; to stop station; one's post; stationed at • resident • stationary 駐 (eumhun 머무를 주 (meomureul ju)) hanja form of 주 (“to be stationed; to be posted”) Hán-Nôm : trú 駐
駒 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ko) : semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 句 (OC *koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo). \ Ultimately from Sanskrit घोट (ghoṭa), घोड (ghoḍa) (see घोटक (ghoṭaka) for Indo-Aryan descendants), which has been borrowed into many Sino-Tibetan languages; cognate with Proto-Tani *kɯ, Mizo sa-kawr (STEDT 6023). \ Alternatively, Wang (1982) relates this to 狗 (OC *koːʔ, “dog; puppy”), 羔 (OC *kluː, “lamb”), 𤘽 (“calf”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ku • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khi • Middle-Chinese : kju foal (young horse) • a surname ‖ 駒(こま) • (koma) ‖ (rare) foal, young horse (or generally) horse • (shogi, chess) piece, man • someone controlled by another: a pawn, a puppet • (music) bridge (the piece, on string instruments, that supports the strings from the sounding board) 駒 • (gu) · 駒 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu) Hán-Nôm : câu 駒
騷 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *suː) : semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 蚤 (OC *ʔsuːʔ). Sense “grieved, sad” is a phonetic loan. \ ; to harass, to bother \ ; grieved, sad ‖ From English show. Doublet of 秀 (xiù). Cantonese · Jyutping : sou¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄠ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : so • Hokkien · Tai-lo : soo • Middle-Chinese : saw ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : sou¹ to harass; to bother; to annoy; to disturb; to agitate • sad; grieved • coquettish; flirty; provocative • Alternative form of 臊 (“having the smell like one of urine”) • (Sichuanese) at random • (Lanyin Mandarin) flippant • (Xinjiang Mandarin) awesome ‖ show; performance • to show; to display 騷 (eum 소 (so)) Hán-Nôm : tao 騷
驅 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰo, *kʰos) : semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 區 (OC *qoː, *kʰo). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : keoi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khi • Middle-Chinese : khju • Middle-Chinese : khjuH to drive (a horse or a car); to spur • to run quickly • to expel; to disperse • to compel • Short for 驅逐艦／驱逐舰 (qūzhújiàn, “destroyer”). spur a horse on • expel • drive away 驅 (eumhun 몰 구 (mol gu)) hanja form of 구 (“spur a horse on”) • hanja form of 구 (“expel, drive away”) Hán-Nôm : xúi • Hán-Nôm : khu • Hán-Nôm : xù 驅
驗 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋrams) : semantic 馬 + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : giām • Middle-Chinese : ngjemH to test; to examine; to inspect • to verify • to produce the desired effect • intended result 驗 (eum 험 (heom)) Hán-Nôm : nghiệm 驗
驛 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *laːɡ) : semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 睪 (OC *neb, *laːɡ, *kuː). \ Same word as 繹 (OC *laːɡ, “to unravel”) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for more. \ Alternatively, Blažek and Schwarz (2017) suggest that this is perhaps a loan from a hypothetical Tocharian compound *klyælylyæ-yäkwæ (“standing of horses”), but this seems to be highly speculative. \ The Taiwanese Hokkien sense is an orthographic borrowing from Japanese 駅(えき) (eki). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : i̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia̍k • Middle-Chinese : yek posthorse • relay station (for posting horses) • (Taiwanese Hokkien) train station, bus stop, or similar ‖ 驛(えき) • (eki) ‖ Kyūjitai form of 駅: station (train, underground/subway) 驛 (eum 역 (yeok)) ‖ 驛 • (yeok) (hangeul 역) ‖ hanja form of 역 (“(railway, subway) station”) 驛
骸 Possibly related to 核 (OC *ɡuːd, *ɡrɯːɡ, “kernel; seed”) (Schuessler, 2007; Smith, 2011). See there for further etymology. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haai⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hoi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hâi • Middle-Chinese : heaj skeleton; bones (particularly of a dead person) • shinbone • body ‖ 骸(むくろ) • (mukuro) corpse ‖ corpse 骸 (eumhun 뼈 해 (ppyeo hae)) hanja form of 해 (“corpse; body”) • hanja form of 해 (“bone”) Hán-Nôm : hài 骸
髓 From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *suj (“marrow”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshé • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshér • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshué • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuí • Middle-Chinese : sjweX bone marrow • pith; medulla • essence; substance 髓 (eumhun 뼛골 수 (ppyeotgol su)) hanja form of 수 (“bone marrow”) Hán-Nôm : tủy • Hán-Nôm : tuỷ 髓
體 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *r̥ʰiːʔ) : semantic 骨 (“bone”) + phonetic 豊 (OC *riːʔ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sri (“to exist”) (Benedict, 1976); cognate with Proto-Tibeto-Burman *s-ri(t), whence Tibetan སྲིད་པ (srid pa) and Burmese ရှိ (hri., “to be, to exist”). \ Schuessler (2007) derives Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-riŋ ~ s-r(j)aŋ (“live, alive, green, raw”) from this root, yet points out that 生 (OC *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs)'s initial *sr- cluster was retained instead of becoming voiceless /r̥/ as in 體 (OC *r̥ʰiːʔ), possibly owing to re-analysis of *s- as a causative prefix. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thái • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thué • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuínn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thé • Middle-Chinese : thejX body • part of the body • state of a substance • whole entity • form; structure • (literature) style; form; genre; structure • style of calligraphy • typeface • three-dimensional object • principle • (Mainland China, grammar) aspect of a verb • (Taiwan, mathematics) field • to do or experience personally • to put oneself in someone else's position • (Philippine Hokkien) manner; attitude; behavior • a surname body 體 (eumhun 몸 체 (mom che)) hanja form of 체 (“body; shape; form”) • hanja form of 체 (“matter; object”) • hanja form of 체 (“style; handwriting”) Hán-Nôm : thể 體
髮 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pod) : semantic 髟 (“long hair”) + phonetic 犮 (OC *boːd). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-pu. Alternatively, it may be derived from 發 (OC *pad, “to sprout”) (Schuessler, 2007). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄚˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄚˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huat • Middle-Chinese : pjot (anatomy) hair • (figurative) grass and trees (on a mountain); vegetation • a surname hair (specifically on one's head; does not indicate body hair) 髮 (eumhun 터럭 발 (teoreok bal)) hanja form of 발 (“hair”) Hán-Nôm : phát 髮
鬱 Originally ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 林 (“forest”) + 大 (“person”) + 勹. \ Now phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qud) : semantic 林 (“forest”) + phonetic 𩰪 (). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wat¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ut • Middle-Chinese : 'jut lush; luxuriant; exuberant; dense; thick • depressed; gloomy; moody • to gather; to build up; to stagnate; to become stagnant • to begrudge; to resent; to feel aggrieved • various; abundant; profuse • deep; obscure; profound • melancholy; depression • hot air (rising); steam • a kind of plum • name of a god • tall and big • putrid; putrefied • tulip; fragrant grass • (～水) name for a branch of the Pearl River, including the You River, Yu River and the Xun River in Guangxi, as well as the Xi River downstream in Guangdong • (～郡) name of an ancient Chinese prefecture • (Hokkien) to suppress one's feelings; to hold back one's emotions (of worry, anger, etc.) • (Hokkien) to bend; to coil; to twist • (Hokkien) to curl up; to roll up • (Mainland China Hokkien) to cause someone to feel wronged • (Mainland China Hokkien) to constrain oneself to work • (Taiwanese Hokkien) to restrain; to hold back; to constrain • a surname ‖ 鬱(うつ) • (utsu) -na (adnominal 鬱(うつ)な (utsu na), adverbial 鬱(うつ)に (utsu ni)) ‖ 鬱(うつ) • (utsu) ‖ 鬱(うつ) • (utsu) depression, gloom, melancholy ‖ depressing • depressed ‖ (psychiatry) depression ‖ dense (growth); lush; luxuriant • accumulate; stagnate • depression; gloom; melancholy 鬱 (eumhun 답답할 울 (dapdaphal ul)) hanja form of 울 (“stuffy; stifling; suffocating”) Hán-Nôm : uất 鬱
魁 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰuːl) : phonetic 鬼 (OC *kulʔ) + semantic 斗 (“ladle”) – soup ladle. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰuːl) : phonetic 鬼 (OC *kulʔ) + semantic 斗 (“ladle”) – soup ladle. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰuːl) : phonetic 鬼 (OC *kulʔ) + semantic 斗 (“ladle”) – soup ladle. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fui¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khue • Middle-Chinese : khwoj ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄞˋ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : khe first; leading; best • chief; leader; head • tall and big; imposing; stalwart • outstanding; prominent; exceptional • (literary) soup ladle; dipper; spoon • (literary, astronomy) Dubhe (the first star in the Big Dipper, farthest from the handle) • (literary, astronomy) Dubhe (the first star in the Big Dipper, farthest from the handle) · (literary, astronomy) the four stars comprising the bowl of the Big Dipper • (obsolete) mound; small hill • (obsolete) blood clam • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 塊／块 (kuài, “alone; solitary”) ‖ (Hokkien) Used in 魁頭／魁头 (khe-thâu). One who charges ahead of others • leader, forerunner 魁 (eum 괴 (goe)) Hán-Nôm : khôi 魁
魄 From Proto-Sino-Tibetan; cognate with Tibetan བླ (bla) and Burmese လိပ်ပြာ (lippra). \ Related to 白 (OC *braːɡ, “white”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ ; "illuminated part of the moon" \ ; "dark part of the moon" ‖ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan; cognate with Tibetan བླ (bla) and Burmese လိပ်ပြာ (lippra). \ Related to 白 (OC *braːɡ, “white”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ ; "illuminated part of the moon" \ ; "dark part of the moon" ‖ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan; cognate with Tibetan བླ (bla) and Burmese လိပ်ပြာ (lippra). \ Related to 白 (OC *braːɡ, “white”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ ; "illuminated part of the moon" \ ; "dark part of the moon" Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paak³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phik • Middle-Chinese : phaek ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bok⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tok³ • Middle-Chinese : thak (religion, folklore) the po, the soul which does not leave the body after death, compared to 魂 (hún) which does. • soul; spirit • vigor • body • (archaic, Chinese astronomy) bright, illuminated part of the moon • (obsolete, retroactively proscribed) dark part of the moon ‖ sound of falling • Used in 魄莫. • Used in 旁魄. ‖ Only used in 落魄 (luòtuò), alternative form of 落拓 (luòtuò) ‖ 魄(たま) • (tama) ‖ 魄(はく) • (haku) a soul ‖ Alternative spelling of 魂 (“soul”) ‖ (religion, folklore) po (haku), the soul which does not leave the body after death, compared to hun (kon) which does. 魄 (eumhun 넋 백 (neok baek)) ‖ 魄 (eumhun 영락할 탁 (yeongnakhal tak)) hanja form of 백 (“soul; spirit”) ‖ hanja form of 탁 (“to wither and fall”) Hán-Nôm : phách 魄
魏 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋɡuls) : phonetic 委 (OC *qrol, *qrolʔ) + phonetic 鬼 (OC *kulʔ). \ ;high \ ;name of Zhou's vassal state ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋɡuls) : phonetic 委 (OC *qrol, *qrolʔ) + phonetic 鬼 (OC *kulʔ). \ ;high \ ;name of Zhou's vassal state Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : guī • Middle-Chinese : ngjw+jH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngai⁴ (historical) (～國) State of Wei during the Warring States period • (historical) (～國) Cao Wei, one of the three major states in the Three Kingdoms period • (historical) (～朝) any of the dynasties of Northern Wei, Eastern Wei or Western Wei • a surname • high; tall • palace watchtower ‖ ^† standing alone • Alternative form of 巍 (wéi, “towering”) ‖ 魏(ぎ) • (Gi) high • large ‖ Wei kingdom in China 魏 • (wi) · 魏 • (wi) (hangeul 위, revised wi, McCune–Reischauer wi, Yale wi) hanja form of 위 (“Wei kingdom in China”) canonical : 魏: Hán Việt readings: nguy • canonical : ngụy • canonical : nguỵ 魏
鯨 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡraŋ) : semantic 魚 (“fish”) + phonetic 京 (OC *kraŋ). \ Cognate with 京 (OC *kraŋ, “mound; capital; great”) (Wang, 1982). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : king • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiang • Middle-Chinese : gjaeng whale • great; huge ‖ 鯨(くじら) or 鯨(クジラ) • (kujira) ^(←くぢら (kudira)?) ‖ 鯨(いさ) • (isa) ‖ 鯨(いさな) • (isana) ‖ a whale (large sea mammal) ‖ (archaic) a whale (large sea mammal) ‖ (archaic) a whale (large sea mammal) 鯨 (eumhun 고래 경 (gorae gyeong)) hanja form of 경 (“whale”) Hán-Nôm : kình • Hán-Nôm : kềnh 鯨
鳳 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bums) : phonetic 凡 (OC *bom) + 鳥 (“bird”). \ In the oracle bone script, the script of 鳳 (OC *bums) was often phonetically borrowed to represent 風 (OC *plum, *plums, “wind”). Subsequent forms of the script of 風 were also derived from parts of the bronze inscription of 鳳. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fung⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fung⁶⁻² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hōng • Middle-Chinese : bjuwngH (Chinese mythology) male fenghuang (a mythological bird) • (Cantonese, euphemistic) chicken (as food) • (Hong Kong Cantonese) female prostitute • (～縣) Feng County, Fengxian (a county of Baoji, Shaanxi, China) • a surname ‖ 鳳(ほう) • (hō) ‖ 鳳(ほう) • (Hō) feng (male fire-bird) or other fabled bird • person of excellence • imperial • expression of respect ‖ (Chinese mythology) feng: a fabled male fire-bird, thought to be a manifestation of a saint ‖ a surname 鳳 (eumhun 봉새 봉 (bongsae bong)) hanja form of 봉 (“male phoenix”) Hán-Nôm : phượng • Hán-Nôm : phụng phoenix • Mohur tree 鳳
鴻 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡoːŋ, *ɡoːŋʔ) : phonetic 江 (OC *kroːŋ) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hông • Middle-Chinese : huwng • Middle-Chinese : huwngX (literary) swan • (literary) swan goose • (literary, figuratively) letter; epistle; written message • (literary) of great size; big; large; huge • (literary) strong; powerful; energetic ‖ 鴻(ひしくい) or 鴻(ヒシクイ) • (hishikui) ^(←ひしくひ (fisikufi) or ヒシクヒ (fisikufi)?) a large bird • a wild goose • large/great • powerful • prosperous ‖ Alternative spelling of 菱食 (“taiga bean goose (Anser fabalis)”) 鴻 • (hong) · 鴻 • (hong) (hangeul 홍, revised hong, McCune–Reischauer hong, Yale hong) Hán-Nôm : hồng 鴻
鹽 Characters in the same phonetic series (監) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·lam, *ɡ·lams) : phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms) + semantic 鹵 (“salt”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-rjum (“salt”). The Min forms point to a fricative initial in Proto-Min *ziem (“a white encrustation formed from saltwater or brine”). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (監) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·lam, *ɡ·lams) : phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms) + semantic 鹵 (“salt”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-rjum (“salt”). The Min forms point to a fricative initial in Proto-Min *ziem (“a white encrustation formed from saltwater or brine”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sînn • Middle-Chinese : yem ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sīnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iām • Middle-Chinese : yemH salt; salty substance, especially table salt • (chemistry) salt • (Southern Min) food product pickled with salt • (Southern Min) sweat stain; salt efflorescence • (cryptography) salt ‖ (Classical, Min or Wu) to salt; to lay in brine; to pickle; to marinate • (Eastern Min) to devote oneself to; to invest • (Southern Min, of a wound) irritated; painful (from salt or medication) • (Ningbonese, of one's body) to be drenched in sweat • (Ningbonese) to apply soap to; to dab or cover with soap • Alternative form of 豔／艳 (yàn, “to envy”) kyūjitai form of 塩 (“salt”) 鹽 (eumhun 소금 염 (sogeum yeom)) Hán-Nôm : diêm • Hán-Nôm : diễm (in compounds) salt 鹽
麓 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roːɡ) : semantic 林 + phonetic 鹿 (OC *b·roːɡ) Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : luk¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : luk⁶ • Middle-Chinese : luwk foot of a mountain or hill; foothill • (obsolete) forest at the foot of a mountain • (obsolete) official who manages a (mountain) forest preserve foot of a mountain 麓 (eumhun 산기슭 록 (san'giseuk rok), word-initial (South Korea) 산기슭 녹 (san'giseuk nok)) hanja form of 록/녹 (“foot of a mountain”) Hán-Nôm : lộc 麓
麥 Characters in the same phonetic series (來) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mrɯːɡ) : phonetic 來 (OC *m·rɯːɡ) + semantic 夊 (“foot; to walk slowly”). 來 was the original character for “wheat”. Several possible interpretations: \ * This character originally meant “to come”. Because the simpler 來 was commonly used for this (borrowed) sense, its original meaning (“wheat”) switched with 麥. \ * 夊 represents the ancient concept that wheat came from the heavens. \ * 夊 represents growth of the wheat plant. \ Etymologically unrelated to 來 (OC *m·rɯːɡ, “to come”). Schuessler (2007) suggests it is from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m‑rə(k) (“buckwheat”) and cognate with Tibetan བྲ་བོ (bra bo, “buckwheat”); also compare Proto-Lolo-Burmese *g-ra² (“buckwheat”). STEDT compares 麥 (OC *mrɯːɡ, “wheat”) to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *bra (“buckwheat”) (provisional). \ Starostin (2009), on the other hand, compares 麥 (OC *mrɯːɡ, “wheat”) to Proto-Tungusic *murgi (“barley”), Middle Korean 밇 (milh, “wheat”), Old Japanese 麦 (mugi₁, “wheat; barley”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄞˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : be̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : be̍eh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bi̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bia̍k • Middle-Chinese : meak general term for wheat, barley, oats, ryes, etc. • (specifically) wheat • (Hainanese) corn; maize • Short for 麥克風／麦克风 (màikèfēng, “microphone”). • Short for 麥克斯韋／麦克斯韦 (Màikèsīwéi). • a surname wheat 麥 (eumhun 보리 맥 (bori maek)) wheat; barley Hán-Nôm : mạch chữ Hán form of mạch (“barley”). 麥
黃 Chi (2010) proposes that 黃 was originally a pictogram (象形) and the original character of 尪 (OC *qʷaːŋ, “a disabled person with a protruding chest or abdomen”). It has been phonetically borrowed for "yellow" since the era of the oracle bone script. He (1998) noted the possible ritual of burning disabled people with a protruding chest or abdomen to pray for rain as mentioned in Zuozhuan. The 口 in the upper part of the bronze inscription of 黃 might be depicting the disabled person's face facing upwards. \ Li (2012), on the other hand, proposes that 黃 was originally a pictogram (象形) and the original character of 璜 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ, “semicircular jade”) as the 口 in the oracle bone script resembles a ring of jade, so the character would carry the meaning of "a man wearing a ring of jade on his chest". The meaning "yellow" is the result of rebus. \ According to Shuowen, it is both a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷaːŋ) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : phonetic 炗 (, “light”) + semantic 田 (“field”) – the color of earth, with 炗 being the ancient form of 光 (OC *kʷaːŋ, *kʷaːŋs, “light”). However, this interpretation is likely erroneous as 廿 at the top was formed as a result of corruption of 口 in the bronze inscription. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *hwaŋ (“shine; bright; yellow”). Cognate with 光 (OC *kʷaːŋ, *kʷaːŋs, “light; bright”), 曠 (OC *kʰʷaːŋs, “bright; well-lit”), Burmese ဝင်း (wang:, “bright”), Burmese ဝါ (wa, “yellow”). \ ;“sexually obscene; pornographic” Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : n̂g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uînn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hông • Middle-Chinese : hwang yellow (colour) • yolk • Short for 蟹黃／蟹黄 (xièhuáng). • yellow; Far East Asian • (colloquial) pornographic; lewd • (colloquial) to fizzle out; to fall through • (Cantonese) to let the cat out of the bag (to let a secret be known) • (Hong Kong, politics) supportive of Hong Kong's pro-democracy movement • (Southern Min) to ripen • Short for 黃帝／黄帝 (Huángdì). • Short for 黃河／黄河 (Huáng Hé, “Yellow River”). • a surname Kyūjitai form of 黄 黃 (eumhun 누를 황 (nureul hwang)) hanja form of 황 (“yellow; a surname”) canonical : 黃: Hán Việt readings: hoàng • canonical : huỳnh 黃: Nôm readings: vàng chữ Hán form of hoàng (“yellow”). • Nôm form of vàng (“yellow; gold”). • chữ Hán form of Hoàng (“a surname”). 黃
黎 Characters in the same phonetic series (利) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *riːl) : semantic 黍 (“millet”) + phonetic 利 (OC *rids). \ ; “black; numerous” \ ; “Li people” \ : Before Song dynasty, 俚 (lǐ) was a more common term. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lê • Middle-Chinese : lej (obsolete) black • (literary) numerous • until; at the time of • (～國) (historical) state of Li (a state in modern-day Shanxi, China, during the Shang dynasty) • (～族) Li people (the largest ethnic minority in Hainan, China) • Short for 黎巴嫩 (Líbānèn, “Lebanon”). • a surname black, bluish black • gloomy, dusky • used to indicate the Li people of Hainan Province, China 黎 (eum 려 (ryeo), word-initial (South Korea) 여 (yeo)) hanja form of 여(黎) (“black”) Hán-Nôm : lê • Hán-Nôm : rê chữ Hán form of Lê (“a surname”). 黎
黔 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡram, *ɡrɯm) : semantic 黑 (“black”) + phonetic 今 (OC *krɯm) \ Perhaps an areal word related to Longzhou Zhuang kʰam¹ ("cloudy; dark"), Proto-Katuic *koom (“black”) (Schuessler, 2007). See also 黮 and 紺. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kim⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khâm • Middle-Chinese : gim • Middle-Chinese : gjem (literary) black • (obsolete) to blacken by tanning or exposure to smoke • (～州) Name of a prefecture in ancient China now located in Chongqing and Guizhou. • Short for 貴州／贵州 (Guìzhōu, “Guizhou”). • a surname 黔 • (geom, geum) · 黔 • (geom, geum) (hangeul 검, 금, revised geom, geum, McCune–Reischauer kŏm, kŭm, Yale kem, kum) Hán-Nôm : kiềm 黔
點 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *teːmʔ) : semantic 黑 (“black”) + phonetic 占 (OC *ʔljem, *tjems) – black dots. ‖ Fusion of 底物 (MC tejX mjut), literally “what thing” (Guo, 2003). \ Often related to 怎 (zam2) due to similar syllable structure. Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˇㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiám • Middle-Chinese : temX ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : dim² dot; spot; speck • place; point; spot • point; aspect • o'clock • time • (mathematics) point • (mathematics) decimal point • percent; percentage point • drop • (Chinese calligraphy) a dot stroke (㇔) • to nominate; to mention (one's name) • to count • to choose; to select; to order (food) • to nod • to point • to tap; to touch • to click • to light; to ignite • a little; a bit; some • (Cantonese) to dip in (sauce) • (Cantonese) to trick; to misguide • (Cantonese) to command • (Hong Kong Cantonese, neologism) extreme (Classifier: 個／个 c) ‖ (Cantonese) how Kyūjitai form of 点 點 (eumhun 점 점 (jeom jeom)) hanja form of 점 (“point; dot; spot; speck”) canonical : 點: Hán Việt readings: điểm 點: Nôm readings: chấm • canonical : đếm • canonical : chúm • canonical : đém • canonical : đêm • canonical : đóm chữ Hán form of điểm (“a dot, a point, a period”). • chữ Hán form of điểm (“to identify, to choose, to nominate”). • Nôm form of đếm (“to count, to number, to enumerate”). • Nôm form of chấm (“to dip in, to punctuate”). 點
黨 Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taːŋʔ, *tʰaːŋʔ) : phonetic 尚 (OC *djaŋ, *djaŋs) + semantic 黑 (“black”) – black; dark. \ The endoactive of 當 (OC *taːŋ, “to be equal of”), literally "that which is equal in rank" (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Identified as an ancient Chu dialect word in Han Dynasty scholar Yang Xiong's Fangyan. \ STEDT compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-twaŋ (“to see; to show”), whence Tibetan མཐོང (mthong, “to see; to perceive”). \ Alternatively, it may be of Austroasiatic origin. Compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *tiɲ ~ *təɲ (“to know”), whence Khmer ដឹង (dəng), Eastern Bru ດັງ (dáng) (Behr, 2008; Ye, 2014). \ Perhaps related to 懂 (dǒng, “to understand”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tóng • Middle-Chinese : tangX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dong² ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tong² community; fellow community member • gang; faction • (politics) party • (politics) party · (for one-party states, in press releases or official media) the ruling party · (chiefly Mainland China, specifically) the Communist Party of China • (politics) party · (for one-party states, in press releases or official media) the ruling party · (Vietnam, specifically) Communist Party of Vietnam • (politics) party · (for one-party states, in press releases or official media) the ruling party · (Wa State, specifically) United Wa State Party • (Hong Kong, used as suffix) a group or class of people with negative attribute, or a member of it • (used as suffix in Internet slang) a group or class of people, or a member of it • a surname ‖ (ancient Chu dialect) to know ‖ Alternative form of 倘 ‖ 黨(とう) • (tō) (political) party ‖ Kyūjitai form of 党: political party 黨 (eumhun 무리 당 (muri dang)) hanja form of 당 (“political party”) Hán-Nôm : đảng • Hán-Nôm : đoảng ‖ ‖ chữ Hán form of đảng (“party”). 黨
黯 Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ám • Middle-Chinese : 'eam • Middle-Chinese : 'eamX dim, dark black • dark 黯 • (am) · 黯 • (am) (hangeul 암, revised am, McCune–Reischauer am, Yale am) dark, black • sullen, dreary Hán-Nôm : ảm 黯
鼎 Pictogram (象形) . \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(m/ʔ)-di(k/ŋ) (“pot; cauldron”) (STEDT). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ding² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiánn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tíng • Middle-Chinese : tengX ding (ancient large, three-legged bronze cauldron for cooking or sacrificial rituals) • (figurative) throne; monarchy • (figurative, historical) important figures in the government • (figurative) big; great • (figurative) tripartite balance of forces • (historical) ancient instrument of torture • (literary) just (at this time); meanwhile • (Min) wok • 50th hexagram of the I Ching • a surname ‖ 鼎(かなえ) • (kanae) ^(←かなへ (kanafe)?) ‖ 鼎(てい) • (tei) three-legged kettle • trio, triad ‖ a three-legged kettle, a tripod kettle, used for cooking and later for ceremonial purposes in ancient China, and often made of bronze • a symbol of a king or other high authority ‖ a three-legged kettle, a tripod kettle, used for cooking and later for ceremonial purposes in ancient China, and often made of bronze • one of the I Ching hexagrams 鼎 • (jeong) · 鼎 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng, Yale ceng) Hán-Nôm : đỉnh • Hán-Nôm : đảnh • Hán-Nôm : đửng • Hán-Nôm : đững • Hán-Nôm : đựng 鼎
鼠 Characters in the same phonetic series (鼠) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Pictogram (象形) – a mouse or rat. In the seal script form, which is inherited in the regular script, the upper component resembling 臼 (jiù) represents the open mouth of a rat with teeth displayed, and the lower component represents the two feet of a rat on the left and a tail on the right. \ Unclear. Schuessler (2007) reconstructs the Minimal Old Chinese as *nhaʔ (homophonous to 癙 (OC *nhaʔ) "painful, suffering", which is in the same phonetic series and may be related to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *na-n/t (“ill, pain, sore, ache, difficult, evil spirit”)) and compares to the following: \ * Nyah Kur [script needed] (hnáaʔ, “small squirrel; tree shrew”); \ * Proto-Mon-Khmer *kn₁(i)ʔ (“rat; mouse”): Old Mon kni' > Mon ဂၞိ (nɔeˀ), Proto-Bahnaric *knɛː; \ * Proto-Kam-Sui *hnu³ (“rat”): Southern Kam not, Sui hnoc. \ STEDT, on the other hand, compares 鼠 (OC *hljaʔ) to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-jəw-n (“rat; rabbit; hare”). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sí • Middle-Chinese : syoX rat; mouse; any member of the superfamily Muroidea, rodent • Rat (first of the Chinese zodiac signs) • (traditional Chinese medicine) scrofula; scrofulous • (Cantonese) to sneak; to go stealthily ‖ 鼠(ねずみ) or 鼠(ネズミ) • (nezumi) ‖ 鼠(ねず) • (nezu) ‖ 鼠(ね) • (ne) mouse, rat, other similar rodent ‖ a mouse or a rat • general term for members of superfamily Muroidea, including mice, rats, voles, hamsters, gerbils, and other similar rodents • short for 鼠色 (nezumi iro): the colour grey, sometimes more specifically a dark grey colour ‖ a mouse, a rat ‖ a mouse, a rat hanja form of 서 (“mouse; rat”) Hán-Nôm : thử • Hán-Nôm : thửu 鼠
齊 Characters in the same phonetic series (齊) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Ideogram (指事) : a field of grain, hence of uniform height. \ Either related to Mizo čelʔᴸ (“equal, to endure”) or, more phonologically likely, Tibetan ཚིར (tshir, “queue, order, succession”) as Tibetan /tsʰir/'s final /-r/ can explain the Middle Chinese retroflex initial of 儕 (OC *zriːl), which is derived from 齊 (OC *zliːl). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (齊) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Ideogram (指事) : a field of grain, hence of uniform height. \ Either related to Mizo čelʔᴸ (“equal, to endure”) or, more phonologically likely, Tibetan ཚིར (tshir, “queue, order, succession”) as Tibetan /tsʰir/'s final /-r/ can explain the Middle Chinese retroflex initial of 儕 (OC *zriːl), which is derived from 齊 (OC *zliːl). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (齊) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Ideogram (指事) : a field of grain, hence of uniform height. \ Either related to Mizo čelʔᴸ (“equal, to endure”) or, more phonologically likely, Tibetan ཚིར (tshir, “queue, order, succession”) as Tibetan /tsʰir/'s final /-r/ can explain the Middle Chinese retroflex initial of 儕 (OC *zriːl), which is derived from 齊 (OC *zliːl). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (齊) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Ideogram (指事) : a field of grain, hence of uniform height. \ Either related to Mizo čelʔᴸ (“equal, to endure”) or, more phonologically likely, Tibetan ཚིར (tshir, “queue, order, succession”) as Tibetan /tsʰir/'s final /-r/ can explain the Middle Chinese retroflex initial of 儕 (OC *zriːl), which is derived from 齊 (OC *zliːl). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (齊) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Ideogram (指事) : a field of grain, hence of uniform height. \ Either related to Mizo čelʔᴸ (“equal, to endure”) or, more phonologically likely, Tibetan ཚིར (tshir, “queue, order, succession”) as Tibetan /tsʰir/'s final /-r/ can explain the Middle Chinese retroflex initial of 儕 (OC *zriːl), which is derived from 齊 (OC *zliːl). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (齊) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Ideogram (指事) : a field of grain, hence of uniform height. \ Either related to Mizo čelʔᴸ (“equal, to endure”) or, more phonologically likely, Tibetan ཚིར (tshir, “queue, order, succession”) as Tibetan /tsʰir/'s final /-r/ can explain the Middle Chinese retroflex initial of 儕 (OC *zriːl), which is derived from 齊 (OC *zliːl). ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tserê • Middle-Chinese : dzej ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˋ • Middle-Chinese : dzejH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄞ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˇ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsâu even; uniform; of equal length • same; identical • complete • together; simultaneously • to be the same height as; to be level with • along a line • (～國) Qi, an ancient Chinese duchy, and later kingdom, during the Zhou dynasty • Southern Qi (479–502), the second of the Southern dynasties in China • Northern Qi (550–577), one of the Northern dynasties in China • (～日) (telegraphy) the eighth day of a month • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 躋／跻 (jī) • Alternative form of 齏／齑 (jī) ‖ Alternative form of 劑／剂 (jì) • alloy ‖ hem of a skirt, shirt tail • Alternative form of 粢 • Alternative form of 資／资 (zī) ‖ Alternative form of 齋／斋 (zhāi) • sacrificial offering • deferential ‖ Alternative form of 剪 (jiǎn) • Alternative form of 醮 (jiào) ‖ uniform; generally consistent • completely; entirely 齊 (eum 제 (je)) Hán-Nôm : tày • Hán-Nôm : tề • Hán-Nôm : tè • Hán-Nôm : chai chữ Hán form of tề (“even, uniform”). • chữ Hán form of tề (“equal to”). 齊
齒 Pictogram (象形) – a mouth full of teeth. 之 (zhī) or 止 (zhǐ) was later added on top as a phonetic component. \ Unclear. Not related to Tibetan མཆེ་བ (mche ba, “fang, tusk”), which is cognate with 齻／𱌺 (diān, “eyetooth”), but may be the same word as Proto-Min *kʰiᴮ (“tooth”). Another possibility is a derivation from an Austroasiatic etymon; Schuessler, 2007 (p.188) suggests a possible relationship to Khmer ខ្នាយ (khnaay, “tusk, spur”), as Austroasiatic medial /n/ is often deleted in loans. Cantonese · Jyutping : ci² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshí • Middle-Chinese : tsyhiX (anatomy) tooth • (figurative) tooth- or zigzag-like thing, such as a sawtooth, cogwheel, or fern • (figurative) age (of a person or animal) • to juxtapose; to put side by side • to utter; to mention • ^† to employ; to take in • (dialectal) to touch; to be in contact with • (Xiang) pay attention, to be concerned with tooth 齒 (eumhun 이 치 (i chi)) hanja form of 치 (“tooth”) canonical : 齒: Hán Việt readings: xỉ 齒: Nôm readings: xỉ • canonical : xỉa • canonical : xẻ chữ Hán form of xỉ (“teeth”). 齒
龍 [Term?] (*-lan, suffix denoting a wild, predatory animal) (Turkish aslan (“lion”), kaplan (“tiger”), yılan (“snake”)). Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nguí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liông • Middle-Chinese : ljowng (mythology) Chinese dragon (Classifier: 條／条 m c h; 尾 mn) • (mythology) Western dragon • (figurative) emperor; sovereign; king; of the emperor • (figurative) chief; hero; towering figure • (by extension) dragon-shaped object; long object • (by extension) dragon-adorned object • (zoology, paleontology) extinct reptilian creature; -saur • (Eastern Min) to become clear-minded; to be revitalised • (Cantonese, soccer and other sports) goal (Classifier: 個／个 c) • (Cantonese, soccer and other sports) goalkeeper (Classifier: 個／个 c) • (figurative) queue; line (Classifier: 條／条 c) • (Hong Kong Cantonese, slang) money • (Hong Kong Cantonese, slang) snake meat • (Shanghainese, slang) a hundred of a currency designation • a surname ‖ 龍(りゅう) • (ryū) ‖ 龍(りゅう) • (ryū) ‖ 龍(りゅう) • (Ryū) ‖ 龍(りょう) • (ryō) ‖ 龍(りょう) • (ryō) ‖ 龍(たつ) • (tatsu) ‖ Kyūjitai form of 竜: a Chinese dragon • Kyūjitai form of 竜: Synonym of ドラゴン (doragon): a Western dragon • Kyūjitai form of 竜: (shogi, colloquial) Short for 龍王 (ryūō): dragon king; promoted rook • a 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) with a Chinese dragon design ‖ Kyūjitai form of 竜: dragon • Kyūjitai form of 竜: hero • Kyūjitai form of 竜: imperial • Kyūjitai form of 竜: dinosaur ‖ (astronomy) Short for りゅう座 (Ryūza): the constellation Draco • a male given name • a surname ‖ Kyūjitai form of 竜: (rare or in Chinese contexts) a Chinese dragon ‖ Kyūjitai form of 竜: dragon • Kyūjitai form of 竜: hero • Kyūjitai form of 竜: imperial ‖ Kyūjitai form of 竜: (mythology) a Japanese dragon 龍 (eumhun 미르 룡 (mireu ryong), word-initial (South Korea) 미르 용 (mireu yong)) hanja form of 룡/용 (“dragon”) canonical : 龍: Hán Việt readings: long 龍: Nôm readings: long • canonical : lung • canonical : lỏng • canonical : lúng • canonical : luông • canonical : luồng Chữ Hán form of long (“dragon”). • Chữ Hán form of Long (“a male given name”). 龍
龜 Characters in the same phonetic series (龜) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Pictogram (象形) : A drawing of a turtle seen from the side and from above (Bronze inscriptions). \ Austroasiatic. Compare Mon ဂွိ (gwi, “soft-shell turtle”), Nyah Kur ทะวี่ʔ (tha wìiʼ, “soft-shell turtle”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄟ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ku • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kui • Middle-Chinese : kwij ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kau¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gau¹ • Middle-Chinese : kjuw ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kun turtle; tortoise (Classifier: 隻／只 c) • (figurative) cuckold • (Cantonese, humorous) signature (Classifier: 隻／只 c) • (Hong Kong Cantonese, slang) police ‖ Only used in 龜茲／龟兹 (Qiūcí). ‖ (of skin) to crack; to become chapped ‖ Kyūjitai form of 亀 ‖ 龜 (eumhun 거북 귀 (geobuk gwi)) ‖ 龜 (eumhun 땅 이름 구 (ttang ireum gu)) ‖ 龜 (eumhun 터질 균 (teojil gyun)) hanja form of 귀 (“tortoise; turtle”) ‖ hanja form of 구 (“used in placenames”) ‖ hanja form of 균 (“crack”) Hán-Nôm : qui • Hán-Nôm : quân • Hán-Nôm : quy chữ Hán form of quy (“turtle”). 龜
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