Difference between revisions of "Language/Multiple-languages/Culture/Traditional-Political-Systems:-Eastern-Asia"
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** public duty officials: | ** public duty officials: | ||
*** ministers (相) assist the king; the number of ministers has been increased from 1 to 3 to disperse ministers' power. | *** ministers (相) assist the king; the number of ministers has been increased from 1 to 3 to disperse ministers' power. | ||
*** multiple-governor (多尹) group makes decisions for the king; its members mainly consist of officials and chiefs and are not fixed. | *** the multiple-governor (多尹) group makes decisions for the king; its members mainly consist of officials and chiefs and are not fixed. | ||
*** regional officials deal with regional public duties; they are under the king's control directly or indirectly. | *** regional officials deal with regional public duties; they are under the king's control directly or indirectly. | ||
*** emissaries (史) are sent to communicate with and observe regional officials by the king. | *** emissaries (史) are sent to communicate with and observe regional officials by the king. | ||
Revision as of 05:36, 30 December 2023
In progress.
China
Shāng, c. 1600 BC–c. 1045 BC: Inner and Outer Areas system (內外服制)
Inner area (內服): capital region; controlled by the king; officials consist of the noble family members.
- Outer court officials (外廷官) perform public duties.
- public duty officials:
- ministers (相) assist the king; the number of ministers has been increased from 1 to 3 to disperse ministers' power.
- the multiple-governor (多尹) group makes decisions for the king; its members mainly consist of officials and chiefs and are not fixed.
- regional officials deal with regional public duties; they are under the king's control directly or indirectly.
- emissaries (史) are sent to communicate with and observe regional officials by the king.
- clerical officials deal with affairs in agriculture, livestock husbandry, handicrafts, etc.
- public duty officials:
- Inner court officials (内廷官) handle the king's private affairs.
Outer area (外服): outer regions; controlled by different rulers outside of the king's family.
Outer Area rulers are obliged to present tribute to Shāng and join Shāng's wars; Outer Area and Inner Area are almost equal in status; Outer Area's obeisances rely on Shāng's military power.