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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Basque|Basque]]  → [[Language/Basque/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Basque/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Prepositions and Conjunctions → Common Prepositions</div>


<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Basque|Basque]]  → [[Language/Basque/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Basque/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Prepositions and Conjunctions → Common Prepositions</div>
== Introduction ==
 
Welcome to the lesson on common prepositions in Basque! Prepositions are essential in any language, as they help us express relationships between words and indicate location, direction, time, and more. In this lesson, we will explore the most commonly used prepositions in Basque and how to use them correctly in sentences. Understanding these prepositions will greatly enhance your ability to communicate effectively in Basque. So, let's dive in and learn together!


__TOC__
__TOC__


<h2> Introduction </h2>


Welcome to our Basque language course, where you will gain proficiency inBasque and learn to express yourself fluently. In this lesson, we will focus on prepositions, one of the fundamental parts of Basque grammar. Prepositions help us to create relationships between words and express position, direction or place in a sentence. By the end of this lesson, you will learn the most common prepositions in Basque and how to use them correctly.  
== Common Prepositions ==
 
Basque, like any other language, has a set of prepositions that are frequently used in everyday speech and writing. These prepositions allow us to describe the relationships between different elements in a sentence. In this section, we will explore the most common prepositions in Basque and provide examples to illustrate their usage.


<h2> Prepositions in Basque </h2>
=== "Nire" (Of, From) ===


Prepositions are almost always placed before a noun, pronoun or gerund, to indicate its relationship to other words in a sentence. In Basque, prepositions are typically combined with definite and indefinite articles, adjectives or pronouns to modify their meanings. Keep in mind that most Basque prepositions are invariable, meaning they do not change with gender or number.
The preposition "nire" is used to indicate possession or origin. It is equivalent to the English prepositions "of" and "from." Let's take a look at some examples:
Here is a list of some of the most common prepositions in Basque and their meanings:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Basque !! Pronunciation !! English
! Basque !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| aurrean || aou-ren || in front of
| Nire etxea || nee-reh et-CHAH || My house
|-
|-
| alboan || al-bo-an || next to
| Nire lagunak || nee-reh lah-GOO-nahk || My friends
|-
|-
| aurretik || aou-ren-tik || from ahead
| Nire herrialdea || nee-reh heh-ree-AHL-deh-ah || My country
|-
|-
| artean || ar-te-an || between
| Nire senarraren autoa || nee-reh seh-nar-rah-ren ow-TOH-ah || My father-in-law's car
|}
 
In these examples, "nire" indicates possession or origin. It is essential to note that "nire" agrees with the noun it modifies in gender and number.
 
=== "Hiri" (In, At) ===
 
The preposition "hiri" is used to indicate location or position. It can be translated as "in" or "at" in English. Let's see some examples:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Basque !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| atzean || at-ze-an || behind
| Hiri honetan || hee-ree hoh-neh-TAHN || In this city
|-
| Hiri handian  || hee-ree hahn-DEE-ahn || In a big city
|-
| Hiri honetako etxeak  || hee-ree hoh-neh-TAH-koh et-CHAH-ahk || Houses in this city
|-
| Hiri handi batean  || hee-ree hahn-dee bah-TEH-ahn || In a big city
|}
 
In these examples, "hiri" indicates the location or position of the noun. It is important to note that "hiri" does not agree with the noun it modifies.
 
=== "Etorri" (To) ===
 
The preposition "etorri" is used to indicate direction or destination. It can be translated as "to" in English. Let's take a look at some examples:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Basque !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| bidez || bi-dez || through
| Etorri hemen || eh-TOHR-ree heh-MEN || Come here
|-
|-
| gainean || ga-i-ne-an || above
| Etorri Bilbora || eh-TOHR-ree beel-BOR-ah || Come to Bilbao
|-
|-
| gainetik || ga-i-ne-tik || from above
| Etorriko zara? || eh-TOHR-ree-koh ZAH-rah || Will you come?
|-
|-
| goian || goi-an || over
| Etorriko naiz || eh-TOHR-ree-koh nah-EEZ || I will come
|}
 
In these examples, "etorri" indicates the direction or destination of the action. It is important to note that "etorri" agrees with the subject of the sentence in person and number.
 
=== "Gure" (Our) ===
 
The preposition "gure" is used to indicate possession. It is equivalent to the English possessive pronoun "our." Let's see some examples:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Basque !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| inguruan || in-gu-ru-an || around
| Gure etxea || GOO-reh et-CHAH || Our house
|-
|-
| kanpoan || kan-po-an || outside
| Gure lagunak || GOO-reh lah-GOO-nahk || Our friends
|-
|-
| korneran || kor-ner-an || in a corner of
| Gure herrialdea || GOO-reh heh-ree-AHL-deh-ah || Our country
|-
|-
| leku baten || le-kou ba-ten || in a place
| Gure senarraren autoa || GOO-reh seh-nar-rah-ren ow-TOH-ah || Our father-in-law's car
|}
 
In these examples, "gure" indicates possession. It is important to note that "gure" agrees with the noun it modifies in gender and number.
 
=== "Bidez" (By, Through) ===
 
The preposition "bidez" is used to indicate the means or method by which something is done. It can be translated as "by" or "through" in English. Let's take a look at some examples:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Basque !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| ondoan || on-do-an || at hand
| Liburuak irakurtzen bidez || lee-BOO-roo-ahk ee-rahk-OORT-zen bee-DETH || By reading books
|-
|-
| ostean || os-te-an || opposite
| Bidezko informazioa || bee-DETH-koh een-for-mah-tsee-OH-ah || Information through (by means of) the internet
|-
|-
| paretetik || pa-re-te-tik || from the wall 
| Zuretzat bidea egiten dut || ZOO-reht-ZAHT bee-DEH-ah EH-gee-ten doot || I'm making a path for you
|-
|-
| pean || pe-an || under
| Etxera joateko bidea || et-KSEH-rah ho-a-TEH-koh bee-DEH-ah || The way to go home
|}
 
In these examples, "bidez" indicates the means or method by which something is done. It is important to note that "bidez" does not agree with the noun it modifies.
 
=== "Gainetik" (Above, Over) ===
 
The preposition "gainetik" is used to indicate position or location above or over something. It can be translated as "above" or "over" in English. Let's see some examples:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Basque !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| gainean || ga-i-ne-an || above  
| Liburua taularen gainetik dago || lee-BOO-roo-ah taw-lah-ren gah-ee-ne-TEEK DAH-go || The book is above the table
|-
|-
| sarrera bidez || sar-re-ra bi-dez || through the entrance
| Gainetik jaurtitu || gah-ee-ne-TEEK how-REET-oo || Jump over
|-
|-
| sendotz bidez || sen-do-tz bi-dez || by means of
| Gainetik ikusi zutaz || gah-ee-ne-TEEK ee-KOO-see zoo-TAHZ || Watching from above
|-
|-
| zaindari bidez || zai-n-da-ri bi-dez || by the guard
| Gainetik pasatu || gah-ee-ne-TEEK pah-SAH-too || Pass over
|}
|}


Note that prepositions in Basque are often combined with other words called postpositions, forming a combination of preposition-postposition that carries a more specific meaning. Examples are "gainetik behera" (from top to bottom), "atean sarrera" (entrance door), and "kanpoan atarian" (outside the door).
In these examples, "gainetik" indicates the position or location above or over something. It is important to note that "gainetik" does not agree with the noun it modifies.
 
 
== Cultural Insights ==
 
Basque culture is rich in history and traditions, and understanding the usage of prepositions in Basque can provide insight into the Basque way of life. The Basque language, Euskara, is one of the oldest languages in Europe and has deep roots in the region. The usage of prepositions in Basque reflects the close connection between the Basque people and their land, as well as their strong sense of community and belonging.
 
In some regions of the Basque Country, there may be slight variations in the usage or understanding of certain prepositions. For example, the preposition "etxean" (at home) may be replaced by "etxera" (to home) in some areas. These regional variations add to the linguistic diversity of Basque and showcase the unique cultural heritage of each region.
 
Historically, the Basque people have faced challenges in preserving their language and culture. The usage of prepositions in Basque is a testament to the resilience and determination of the Basque people to maintain their linguistic identity. By learning and using these prepositions, you are contributing to the preservation and celebration of Basque culture.
 
== Exercises ==
 
Now that we have learned about common prepositions in Basque, it's time to practice what we've learned! Below are some exercises to help you solidify your understanding. Feel free to refer back to the previous sections if needed. Solutions and explanations will be provided after each exercise.
 
=== Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks ===
 
Complete the following sentences with the appropriate preposition:
 
1. Liburua ______ taularen aurrean dago. (The book is in front of the table.)
2. Nire lagunak ______ Bilbora etorriko dira. (My friends will come to Bilbao.)
3. ______ gure etxea, hiri handi batean dago. (Our house is in a big city.)
4. ______ liburua irakurtzen bidez, hezkuntza zabala lortuko duzu. (By reading books, you will gain extensive knowledge.)
 
=== Exercise 2: Translate the Sentences ===
 
Translate the following sentences from English to Basque:
 
1. I live in a small town.
2. The cat is on the table.
3. We are going to the beach.
4. The school is next to the park.
 
=== Exercise 3: Create Sentences ===
 
Create your own sentences using the prepositions we have learned. Be creative and try to incorporate different contexts and scenarios.
 
== Solutions ==
 
=== Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks ===
 
1. Liburua taularen aurrean dago. (The book is in front of the table.)
2. Nire lagunak Bilbora etorriko dira. (My friends will come to Bilbao.)
3. Gure etxea, hiri handi batean dago. (Our house is in a big city.)
4. Liburua irakurtzen bidez, hezkuntza zabala lortuko duzu. (By reading books, you will gain extensive knowledge.)
 
=== Exercise 2: Translate the Sentences ===


<h2> Preposition Usage </h2>
1. Nire etxean bizi naiz. (I live in my house.)
2. Katuak taularen gainean dago. (The cat is on the table.)
3. Hondartzara joango gara. (We are going to the beach.)
4. Ikastetxea parkearen ondoan dago. (The school is next to the park.)


Understanding how to use prepositions in Basque is crucial for mastering the language. Prepositions describe the spatial, temporal, or logical relationship between other elements in a sentence. Here are some essential tips that will help you use these prepositions correctly:
=== Exercise 3: Create Sentences ===


<ol>
Example answers:
<li> Use "aurrean" to indicate the position of something that is located in front of you. For example, "Liburuak aurrean daude" (The books are in front of). </li>
1. Nire lagunak hiri handian bizi dira. (My friends live in a big city.)
<li> Use "alboan" when something is next to. For example, "Sofa alboan dago" (The sofa is next to). </li>
2. Gure etxeak mendiaren azpian dago. (Our house is under the mountain.)
<li> Use "artean" to show that something is between two other things. For example, "Etxea bi mendi artean dago" (The house is between two mountains). </li>
3. Etorriko naiz zure etxera. (I will come to your house.)
<li> Use "atzean" when the position behind something needs to be described. For example, "Hiria hiriko basoaren atzean dago" (The city is behind the forest of the city). </li>
4. Hiri honetan lan egiten dut. (I work in this city.)
<li> Use "goian" to indicate something that is above. For example, "Egurrezko taupadak goian ditu" (The shelf has wooden boards on top). </li>
<li> Use the preposition "leku baten" when you want to indicate that something is in a place. Use "pean" to describe objects that are below. For example, "On zapiak leku baten daude" (The good shoes are in one place), "Makina pean dago" (The car is below).</li>
<li> Use "sendotz bidez" to indicate that something is done by means of something else. For example, "Gaztelaniz sendotz bidez hitz egingo dugu" (We will speak in Castilian by means of an interpreter).</li>
<li> Use "zaindari bidez" to indicate a controlling or monitoring agent. For example, "Bizikleten gida zaindari bidez doa" (The guide goes accompanied by a monitor).</li>
<li> Use "sarrera bidez" when referring to entering through something, such as a door or gate. For example, "Sarrera bidez sartzeko, gakoa idatzi dezakezu" (You can write the password to enter).</li>
</ol>


<h2> Conclusion </h2>
Feel free to come up with your own sentences and get creative!


Now that you have a better understanding of the most common prepositions, you can use them to build more complex sentences and express yourself more precisely. By mastering common prepositions, you will gain confidence in your ability to communicate effectively in Basque. Keep practicing and make use of our language resources to reinforce your knowledge of Basque. Remember, the more you practice, the more progress you will make!


{{#seo:
{{#seo:
|title=Basque Grammar: Prepositions and Conjunctions | Learn Common Prepositions in Basque | Description: Learn common prepositions in Basque and how to use them in sentences to express relationships between words. Discover the most common prepositions with this comprehensive guide.| Basque language teacher.
|title=Basque Grammar → Prepositions and Conjunctions → Common Prepositions
|keywords=Basque grammar, Basque language, prepositions, prepositions in Basque, Basque prepositions, how to use prepositions in Basque
|keywords=Basque grammar, Basque prepositions, Basque language, learning Basque, Basque course
|description=In this lesson, you will learn the most common prepositions in Basque and how to use them correctly. Discover useful tips and examples.|Basque language teacher}}
|description=In this lesson, you will learn about the common prepositions in Basque and how to use them in sentences to express relationships between words. Explore the cultural significance of prepositions in Basque and practice your skills with exercises and solutions.
 
}}


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==Sources==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basque_grammar Basque grammar - Wikipedia]
* [https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/Language/Basque/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course Language/Basque/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course]
* [http://learn101.org/basque_grammar.php Basque Grammar | LEARN101.ORG]




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==Sources==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basque_grammar Basque grammar - Wikipedia]
* [https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/Language/Basque/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course Language/Basque/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course]
* [http://learn101.org/basque_grammar.php Basque Grammar | LEARN101.ORG]


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Revision as of 14:38, 22 June 2023

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Basque → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Prepositions and Conjunctions → Common Prepositions

Introduction

Welcome to the lesson on common prepositions in Basque! Prepositions are essential in any language, as they help us express relationships between words and indicate location, direction, time, and more. In this lesson, we will explore the most commonly used prepositions in Basque and how to use them correctly in sentences. Understanding these prepositions will greatly enhance your ability to communicate effectively in Basque. So, let's dive in and learn together!


Common Prepositions

Basque, like any other language, has a set of prepositions that are frequently used in everyday speech and writing. These prepositions allow us to describe the relationships between different elements in a sentence. In this section, we will explore the most common prepositions in Basque and provide examples to illustrate their usage.

"Nire" (Of, From)

The preposition "nire" is used to indicate possession or origin. It is equivalent to the English prepositions "of" and "from." Let's take a look at some examples:

Basque Pronunciation English
Nire etxea nee-reh et-CHAH My house
Nire lagunak nee-reh lah-GOO-nahk My friends
Nire herrialdea nee-reh heh-ree-AHL-deh-ah My country
Nire senarraren autoa nee-reh seh-nar-rah-ren ow-TOH-ah My father-in-law's car

In these examples, "nire" indicates possession or origin. It is essential to note that "nire" agrees with the noun it modifies in gender and number.

"Hiri" (In, At)

The preposition "hiri" is used to indicate location or position. It can be translated as "in" or "at" in English. Let's see some examples:

Basque Pronunciation English
Hiri honetan hee-ree hoh-neh-TAHN In this city
Hiri handian hee-ree hahn-DEE-ahn In a big city
Hiri honetako etxeak hee-ree hoh-neh-TAH-koh et-CHAH-ahk Houses in this city
Hiri handi batean hee-ree hahn-dee bah-TEH-ahn In a big city

In these examples, "hiri" indicates the location or position of the noun. It is important to note that "hiri" does not agree with the noun it modifies.

"Etorri" (To)

The preposition "etorri" is used to indicate direction or destination. It can be translated as "to" in English. Let's take a look at some examples:

Basque Pronunciation English
Etorri hemen eh-TOHR-ree heh-MEN Come here
Etorri Bilbora eh-TOHR-ree beel-BOR-ah Come to Bilbao
Etorriko zara? eh-TOHR-ree-koh ZAH-rah Will you come?
Etorriko naiz eh-TOHR-ree-koh nah-EEZ I will come

In these examples, "etorri" indicates the direction or destination of the action. It is important to note that "etorri" agrees with the subject of the sentence in person and number.

"Gure" (Our)

The preposition "gure" is used to indicate possession. It is equivalent to the English possessive pronoun "our." Let's see some examples:

Basque Pronunciation English
Gure etxea GOO-reh et-CHAH Our house
Gure lagunak GOO-reh lah-GOO-nahk Our friends
Gure herrialdea GOO-reh heh-ree-AHL-deh-ah Our country
Gure senarraren autoa GOO-reh seh-nar-rah-ren ow-TOH-ah Our father-in-law's car

In these examples, "gure" indicates possession. It is important to note that "gure" agrees with the noun it modifies in gender and number.

"Bidez" (By, Through)

The preposition "bidez" is used to indicate the means or method by which something is done. It can be translated as "by" or "through" in English. Let's take a look at some examples:

Basque Pronunciation English
Liburuak irakurtzen bidez lee-BOO-roo-ahk ee-rahk-OORT-zen bee-DETH By reading books
Bidezko informazioa bee-DETH-koh een-for-mah-tsee-OH-ah Information through (by means of) the internet
Zuretzat bidea egiten dut ZOO-reht-ZAHT bee-DEH-ah EH-gee-ten doot I'm making a path for you
Etxera joateko bidea et-KSEH-rah ho-a-TEH-koh bee-DEH-ah The way to go home

In these examples, "bidez" indicates the means or method by which something is done. It is important to note that "bidez" does not agree with the noun it modifies.

"Gainetik" (Above, Over)

The preposition "gainetik" is used to indicate position or location above or over something. It can be translated as "above" or "over" in English. Let's see some examples:

Basque Pronunciation English
Liburua taularen gainetik dago lee-BOO-roo-ah taw-lah-ren gah-ee-ne-TEEK DAH-go The book is above the table
Gainetik jaurtitu gah-ee-ne-TEEK how-REET-oo Jump over
Gainetik ikusi zutaz gah-ee-ne-TEEK ee-KOO-see zoo-TAHZ Watching from above
Gainetik pasatu gah-ee-ne-TEEK pah-SAH-too Pass over

In these examples, "gainetik" indicates the position or location above or over something. It is important to note that "gainetik" does not agree with the noun it modifies.


Cultural Insights

Basque culture is rich in history and traditions, and understanding the usage of prepositions in Basque can provide insight into the Basque way of life. The Basque language, Euskara, is one of the oldest languages in Europe and has deep roots in the region. The usage of prepositions in Basque reflects the close connection between the Basque people and their land, as well as their strong sense of community and belonging.

In some regions of the Basque Country, there may be slight variations in the usage or understanding of certain prepositions. For example, the preposition "etxean" (at home) may be replaced by "etxera" (to home) in some areas. These regional variations add to the linguistic diversity of Basque and showcase the unique cultural heritage of each region.

Historically, the Basque people have faced challenges in preserving their language and culture. The usage of prepositions in Basque is a testament to the resilience and determination of the Basque people to maintain their linguistic identity. By learning and using these prepositions, you are contributing to the preservation and celebration of Basque culture.

Exercises

Now that we have learned about common prepositions in Basque, it's time to practice what we've learned! Below are some exercises to help you solidify your understanding. Feel free to refer back to the previous sections if needed. Solutions and explanations will be provided after each exercise.

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks

Complete the following sentences with the appropriate preposition:

1. Liburua ______ taularen aurrean dago. (The book is in front of the table.) 2. Nire lagunak ______ Bilbora etorriko dira. (My friends will come to Bilbao.) 3. ______ gure etxea, hiri handi batean dago. (Our house is in a big city.) 4. ______ liburua irakurtzen bidez, hezkuntza zabala lortuko duzu. (By reading books, you will gain extensive knowledge.)

Exercise 2: Translate the Sentences

Translate the following sentences from English to Basque:

1. I live in a small town. 2. The cat is on the table. 3. We are going to the beach. 4. The school is next to the park.

Exercise 3: Create Sentences

Create your own sentences using the prepositions we have learned. Be creative and try to incorporate different contexts and scenarios.

Solutions

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks

1. Liburua taularen aurrean dago. (The book is in front of the table.) 2. Nire lagunak Bilbora etorriko dira. (My friends will come to Bilbao.) 3. Gure etxea, hiri handi batean dago. (Our house is in a big city.) 4. Liburua irakurtzen bidez, hezkuntza zabala lortuko duzu. (By reading books, you will gain extensive knowledge.)

Exercise 2: Translate the Sentences

1. Nire etxean bizi naiz. (I live in my house.) 2. Katuak taularen gainean dago. (The cat is on the table.) 3. Hondartzara joango gara. (We are going to the beach.) 4. Ikastetxea parkearen ondoan dago. (The school is next to the park.)

Exercise 3: Create Sentences

Example answers: 1. Nire lagunak hiri handian bizi dira. (My friends live in a big city.) 2. Gure etxeak mendiaren azpian dago. (Our house is under the mountain.) 3. Etorriko naiz zure etxera. (I will come to your house.) 4. Hiri honetan lan egiten dut. (I work in this city.)

Feel free to come up with your own sentences and get creative!


Table of Contents - Basque Course - 0 to A1


Introduction to Basque Language


Greetings and Introductions


Nouns and Articles


Numbers and Counting


Pronouns and Verb Conjugation


Days, Months, and Seasons


Questions and Negation


Family and Relationships


Adjectives and Adverbs


Food and Dining


Prepositions and Conjunctions


Travel and Transportation


Basque Culture and Traditions


Sources


Other Lessons



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