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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Standard-estonian|Standard Estonian]]  → [[Language/Standard-estonian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Standard-estonian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Nouns and Pronouns → Personal Pronouns</div>


<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Standard-estonian|Standard Estonian]]  → [[Language/Standard-estonian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Standard-estonian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Personal Pronouns</div>
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== Introduction ==


==Introduction==
Welcome to the lesson on personal pronouns in Standard Estonian! In this lesson, we will explore the different forms and declensions of personal pronouns, as well as their role in expressing the subject, object, or possessive relationship in a sentence. Personal pronouns are an essential part of any language, and mastering them is crucial for effective communication. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of Estonian personal pronouns and be able to use them confidently in your own sentences.


Welcome to the "Complete 0 to A1 Standard Estonian Course"! In this lesson, we will learn about personal pronouns in Estonian, their declension, and their role in expressing the subject, object, or possessive relationship. Personal pronouns are a crucial part of everyday communication in any language. Therefore, having a good understanding of Estonian personal pronouns will help you to communicate effectively in Estonian.
== Forms of Personal Pronouns ==


Personal pronouns in Estonian have different forms depending on their grammatical case and number. There are three grammatical cases: nominative, genitive, and partitive. We will explore each case in detail and provide examples to help you understand how personal pronouns change depending on their case. Let's begin!


<span link>Don't hesitate to look into these other pages after completing this lesson: [[Language/Standard-estonian/Grammar/Cases-and-pronouns|Cases and pronouns]] & [[Language/Standard-estonian/Grammar/Conjunctions|Conjunctions]].</span>
=== Nominative Case ===
==Personal Pronouns==


Personal pronouns are words that replace nouns when referring to people or things. In Estonian, personal pronouns have different forms that depend on the grammatical case and number (singular or plural).
The nominative case is used for the subject of a sentence. Here are the personal pronouns in the nominative case:


Below are the Estonian personal pronouns:
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Person !! Singular !! Plural
! Standard Estonian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| mina || [miːna] || I
|-
| sina || [siːna] || you (singular)
|-
| tema || [teːma] || he/she/it
|-
|-
| 1st person || mina || meie
| meie || [meːje] || we
|-
|-
| 2nd person || sina || teie
| teie || [teːje] || you (plural)
|-
|-
| 3rd person || tema (masculine) / tema (feminine and neuter) || nemad
| nemad || [neːmat] || they
|}
|}


Note that "tama" is used for the masculine gender, while "tema" is used for the feminine and neutral gender.
Example sentences:
 
* Mina armastan Eestit. (I love Estonia.)
===Declension of Personal Pronouns===
* Sina oled väga tore inimene. (You are a very nice person.)
* Tema õpib eesti keelt. (He/she is learning Estonian.)
* Meie elame Tallinnas. (We live in Tallinn.)
* Teie olete mu parimad sõbrad. (You are my best friends.)
* Nemad töötavad kõvasti. (They work hard.)


Like nouns, personal pronouns in Estonian are declined according to their grammatical case and number. The declension of personal pronouns is necessary to match the case of the noun they replace in a sentence.
=== Genitive Case ===


In the table below, you can see the declension of Estonian personal pronouns in different cases:
The genitive case is used to indicate possession or a relationship of belonging. Here are the personal pronouns in the genitive case:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! !! Nominative !! Genitive !! Partitive !! Illative !! Inessive !! Elative !! Allative !! Adessive !! Ablative !! Translative !! Terminative !! Essive !! Abessive
! Standard Estonian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
|1st person singular || mina || minu || mind || minu || minus || minust || minule || minul || mult || minuks || minnagi || minuna || minuta
| minu || [miːnu] || my/mine
|-
|-
|2nd person singular || sina || sinu || sind || sinu || sinust || sinust || sinule || sinul || sust || sinuks || sinnagi || sinuna || sinuta
| sinu || [siːnu] || your/yours (singular)
|-
| tema || [teːma] || his/hers/its
|-
| meie || [meːje] || our/ours
|-
| teie || [teːje] || your/yours (plural)
|-
| nende || [neːnde] || their/theirs
|}
 
Example sentences:
* See on minu raamat. (This is my book.)
* Kas see on sinu auto? (Is this your car?)
* Tema koer on väga armas. (His/her dog is very cute.)
* See on meie maja. (This is our house.)
* Kas need on teie asjad? (Are these your things?)
* Nende kodu on väga ilus. (Their home is very beautiful.)
 
=== Partitive Case ===
 
The partitive case is used for the object of a sentence. Here are the personal pronouns in the partitive case:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Standard Estonian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
|3rd person singular (masculine) || tema || tema || teda / talle || temasse || temas / temas || temast || temale / talle || temas / temas || temalt || temaks / teeks || temani || tena || temata
| mind || [mint] || me
|-
|-
|3rd person singular (feminine) || tema || tema || teda / talle || temasse || temas / temas || temast || temale / talle || temas / temas || temalt || temaks / teeks || temani || tena || temata
| sind || [sint] || you (singular)
|-
|-
|3rd person singular (neutral) || tema || tema || seda / talle || sellesse / temasse || sees / temas || seest || sellele / temale || sees / temas || sealt || selleks / teeks || seal || sena / tena || seta / temata
| teda || [teːda] || him/her/it
|-
|-
|1st person plural || meie || meie || meid || meisse || meies / meis || meist || meile || meil || meilt || meiks || meini || meina / meisna || meita / meitata
| meid || [meːid] || us
|-
|-
|2nd person plural || teie || teie || teid || teilmasse || teies / teis || teist || teile || teil || teilt || teiks || teini || teina / teisna || teita / teitata
| teid || [teːid] || you (plural)
|-
|-
|3rd person plural || nemad || nende || neid || neisse || neis / nendes || neist || neile || neil || neilt || neiks || neini || neina / nendesna || neita / neitata
| neid || [neːid] || them
|}
|}


==Using Personal Pronouns in Sentences==
Example sentences:
* Ma näen sind. (I see you.)
* Kas sa armastad teda? (Do you love him/her?)
* Ta kutsus meid peole. (He/she invited us to the party.)
* Kas te ootate meid? (Are you waiting for us?)
* Ma tunnen teid väga hästi. (I know you very well.)
* Ma ei tunne neid inimesi. (I don't know those people.)
 
== Cultural Insights ==
 
In Estonian culture, the use of personal pronouns reflects the level of formality or familiarity between individuals. In formal settings or when addressing someone of higher social status, it is common to use the pronoun "teie" (you) instead of "sina" (you). This demonstrates respect and politeness. However, among close friends or family members, the use of "sina" is more common. It is important to consider the context and relationship when choosing the appropriate personal pronoun to use in Estonian.
 
Historically, Estonian personal pronouns have undergone changes due to external influences. During the Soviet era, the use of the pronoun "meie" (we) was often emphasized as a way to foster a sense of unity and collective identity. This cultural shift had an impact on the language, highlighting the importance of personal pronouns as markers of identity and belonging.
 
== Practice Exercises ==
 
Now it's time to practice using personal pronouns in Estonian! Complete the following exercises by selecting the correct personal pronoun for each sentence. Solutions and explanations are provided below.


Now that we know the Estonian personal pronouns and their declension, we can start using them in sentences. In Estonian, personal pronouns are usually placed before the verb in a sentence.
Exercise 1: Fill in the blank with the appropriate personal pronoun.
* __ armastan sind väga.
* Kas __ näed seal midagi?
* Ta ootab __ poes.
* Kas __ saavad täna kokku?
* __ ei saa sind aidata.


Below are examples of personal pronouns in Estonian used in different cases:
Exercise 2: Choose the correct form of the personal pronoun to complete the sentence.
* See on __ raamat.
* Kas __ auto on uus?
* __ koer on väga sõbralik.
* Kas __ saavad sellega hakkama?
* __ kodu on väga hubane.


<ul>
Exercise 3: Translate the following sentences into Estonian.
<li>Mina räägin inglise keelt. (I speak English.)</li>
* We love you (plural).
<li>Ta luges minu raamatut. (He read my book.)</li>
* Is this your cat?
<li>Kas sa nägid teda? (Did you see him/her?)</li>
* I see him every day.
<li>Meie armastame Eestit. (We love Estonia.)</li>
* Their house is beautiful.
<li>Kas te teate seda laulu? (Do you know this song?)</li>
* She invited us to the party.
<li>Nad töötavad koos. (They work together.)</li>
</ul>


==Conclusion==
Exercise 4: Match the English sentence with the corresponding Estonian sentence.
* I see you.
* This is our house.
* They work hard.
* Is this your car?
* He/she is learning Estonian.


Personal pronouns are an essential part of Estonian language communication. Through this lesson, you have learned the Estonian personal pronouns, their declension, and how to use them in sentences. Understanding Estonian personal pronouns will help you to communicate effectively in Estonian and enhance your overall learning experience of the Estonian language. Keep practicing personal pronouns in different cases to improve your fluency in Estonian.
Solutions:
Exercise 1: 1. Mina 2. Sa 3. Teda 4. Teie 5. Ma
Exercise 2: 1. minu 2. Sinu 3. Tema 4. Nemad 5. Meie
Exercise 3: 1. Me armastame teid. 2. Kas see on sinu kass? 3. Ma näen teda iga päev. 4. Nende maja on ilus. 5. Ta kutsus meid peole.
Exercise 4: 1. Ma näen sind. 2. See on meie maja. 3. Nemad töötavad kõvasti. 4. Kas see on sinu auto? 5. Ta õpib eesti keelt.


Congratulations! You have successfully completed the "Standard Estonian Grammar → Personal Pronouns" lesson in the "Complete 0 to A1 Standard Estonian Course". Let's move on to the next lesson!
== Conclusion ==


Congratulations on completing the lesson on personal pronouns in Standard Estonian! You have learned about the different forms and declensions of personal pronouns in Estonian, as well as their role in expressing the subject, object, or possessive relationship in a sentence. Remember to consider the context and relationship when choosing the appropriate personal pronoun to use in Estonian. Keep practicing and using personal pronouns in your own sentences to solidify your understanding. Well done!


<span link>Well done on mastering this lesson! Don't miss these related pages to expand your knowledge: [[Language/Standard-estonian/Grammar/Negation|Negation]] & [[Language/Standard-estonian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]].</span>
{{#seo:
{{#seo:
|title=Standard Estonian Grammar → Personal Pronouns
|title=Standard Estonian Grammar → Nouns and Pronouns → Personal Pronouns
|keywords=Estonian, personal pronouns, Estonian grammar, Estonian declension, subject, object, possessive, beginner Estonian course
|keywords=Standard Estonian, Estonian grammar, personal pronouns, Estonian language, Estonian culture, nominative case, genitive case, partitive case
|description=In this lesson, you will learn about the Estonian personal pronouns, their declension, and how to use them in sentences, enhancing your overall learning experience of the Estonian language.
|description=In this lesson, you will learn about personal pronouns in Standard Estonian, including their forms, declensions, and cultural insights. Practice exercises are included to reinforce your understanding.}}
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==Other Lessons==
==Other Lessons==
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* [[Language/Standard-estonian/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]]
* [[Language/Standard-estonian/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]]
* [[Language/Standard-estonian/Grammar/Present-Tense|Present Tense]]
* [[Language/Standard-estonian/Grammar/Present-Tense|Present Tense]]


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Latest revision as of 16:47, 20 June 2023

◀️ Common Greetings — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Noun Cases ▶️

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Standard Estonian → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Nouns and Pronouns → Personal Pronouns

Introduction[edit | edit source]

Welcome to the lesson on personal pronouns in Standard Estonian! In this lesson, we will explore the different forms and declensions of personal pronouns, as well as their role in expressing the subject, object, or possessive relationship in a sentence. Personal pronouns are an essential part of any language, and mastering them is crucial for effective communication. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of Estonian personal pronouns and be able to use them confidently in your own sentences.

Forms of Personal Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Personal pronouns in Estonian have different forms depending on their grammatical case and number. There are three grammatical cases: nominative, genitive, and partitive. We will explore each case in detail and provide examples to help you understand how personal pronouns change depending on their case. Let's begin!

Nominative Case[edit | edit source]

The nominative case is used for the subject of a sentence. Here are the personal pronouns in the nominative case:

Standard Estonian Pronunciation English
mina [miːna] I
sina [siːna] you (singular)
tema [teːma] he/she/it
meie [meːje] we
teie [teːje] you (plural)
nemad [neːmat] they

Example sentences:

  • Mina armastan Eestit. (I love Estonia.)
  • Sina oled väga tore inimene. (You are a very nice person.)
  • Tema õpib eesti keelt. (He/she is learning Estonian.)
  • Meie elame Tallinnas. (We live in Tallinn.)
  • Teie olete mu parimad sõbrad. (You are my best friends.)
  • Nemad töötavad kõvasti. (They work hard.)

Genitive Case[edit | edit source]

The genitive case is used to indicate possession or a relationship of belonging. Here are the personal pronouns in the genitive case:

Standard Estonian Pronunciation English
minu [miːnu] my/mine
sinu [siːnu] your/yours (singular)
tema [teːma] his/hers/its
meie [meːje] our/ours
teie [teːje] your/yours (plural)
nende [neːnde] their/theirs

Example sentences:

  • See on minu raamat. (This is my book.)
  • Kas see on sinu auto? (Is this your car?)
  • Tema koer on väga armas. (His/her dog is very cute.)
  • See on meie maja. (This is our house.)
  • Kas need on teie asjad? (Are these your things?)
  • Nende kodu on väga ilus. (Their home is very beautiful.)

Partitive Case[edit | edit source]

The partitive case is used for the object of a sentence. Here are the personal pronouns in the partitive case:

Standard Estonian Pronunciation English
mind [mint] me
sind [sint] you (singular)
teda [teːda] him/her/it
meid [meːid] us
teid [teːid] you (plural)
neid [neːid] them

Example sentences:

  • Ma näen sind. (I see you.)
  • Kas sa armastad teda? (Do you love him/her?)
  • Ta kutsus meid peole. (He/she invited us to the party.)
  • Kas te ootate meid? (Are you waiting for us?)
  • Ma tunnen teid väga hästi. (I know you very well.)
  • Ma ei tunne neid inimesi. (I don't know those people.)

Cultural Insights[edit | edit source]

In Estonian culture, the use of personal pronouns reflects the level of formality or familiarity between individuals. In formal settings or when addressing someone of higher social status, it is common to use the pronoun "teie" (you) instead of "sina" (you). This demonstrates respect and politeness. However, among close friends or family members, the use of "sina" is more common. It is important to consider the context and relationship when choosing the appropriate personal pronoun to use in Estonian.

Historically, Estonian personal pronouns have undergone changes due to external influences. During the Soviet era, the use of the pronoun "meie" (we) was often emphasized as a way to foster a sense of unity and collective identity. This cultural shift had an impact on the language, highlighting the importance of personal pronouns as markers of identity and belonging.

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now it's time to practice using personal pronouns in Estonian! Complete the following exercises by selecting the correct personal pronoun for each sentence. Solutions and explanations are provided below.

Exercise 1: Fill in the blank with the appropriate personal pronoun.

  • __ armastan sind väga.
  • Kas __ näed seal midagi?
  • Ta ootab __ poes.
  • Kas __ saavad täna kokku?
  • __ ei saa sind aidata.

Exercise 2: Choose the correct form of the personal pronoun to complete the sentence.

  • See on __ raamat.
  • Kas __ auto on uus?
  • __ koer on väga sõbralik.
  • Kas __ saavad sellega hakkama?
  • __ kodu on väga hubane.

Exercise 3: Translate the following sentences into Estonian.

  • We love you (plural).
  • Is this your cat?
  • I see him every day.
  • Their house is beautiful.
  • She invited us to the party.

Exercise 4: Match the English sentence with the corresponding Estonian sentence.

  • I see you.
  • This is our house.
  • They work hard.
  • Is this your car?
  • He/she is learning Estonian.

Solutions: Exercise 1: 1. Mina 2. Sa 3. Teda 4. Teie 5. Ma Exercise 2: 1. minu 2. Sinu 3. Tema 4. Nemad 5. Meie Exercise 3: 1. Me armastame teid. 2. Kas see on sinu kass? 3. Ma näen teda iga päev. 4. Nende maja on ilus. 5. Ta kutsus meid peole. Exercise 4: 1. Ma näen sind. 2. See on meie maja. 3. Nemad töötavad kõvasti. 4. Kas see on sinu auto? 5. Ta õpib eesti keelt.

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Congratulations on completing the lesson on personal pronouns in Standard Estonian! You have learned about the different forms and declensions of personal pronouns in Estonian, as well as their role in expressing the subject, object, or possessive relationship in a sentence. Remember to consider the context and relationship when choosing the appropriate personal pronoun to use in Estonian. Keep practicing and using personal pronouns in your own sentences to solidify your understanding. Well done!


Table of Contents - Standard Estonian Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Introduction to Estonian


Greetings and Introductions


Nouns and Pronouns


Numbers and Time


Verbs and Tenses


Daily Activities


Adjectives and Adverbs


Food and Dining


Estonian Traditions


Travel and Transportation


Prepositions and Conjunctions


At Home and Work


Estonian History


Negation and Questions



Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Common Greetings — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Noun Cases ▶️

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