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<div class="pg_page_title">Basque Grammar - Negation</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">Basque Grammar - Negation</div>
Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/basque Basque] learners! 😊<br>In this lesson, we will learn about the basics of negation in Basque. We will look at how to form negative sentences and how to use them in everyday conversations. __TOC__


Negation is an important part of any language, and Basque is no exception. In Basque, there are two ways to express negation: the negative particle ''ez'' and the negative verb ''ezin''.  
Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/basque Basque] learners! 😊<br>In this lesson, we will learn about negation in Basque grammar. To improve your [Language/Basque|Basque] [Language/Basque/Grammar|grammar], you can also use the [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] website. [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=14 Find native speakers] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/basque/question questions]! <br>Are you ready to learn? 🤓<br>
__TOC__
 
== Basic Negation ==


The negative particle ''ez'' is used to negate a verb or an adjective. It is placed directly before the verb or adjective that it is negating. For example:
In Basque, you can form negative sentences by using the word "ez". This word can be used with any verb to form negative sentences.


* ''Ez dut ulertzen.'' - I don't understand.
For example:
* ''Ez da ona.'' - It's not good.


The negative verb ''ezin'' is used to negate a noun or a pronoun. It is placed directly before the noun or pronoun that it is negating. For example:
{| class="wikitable"
! Basque !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Ez dut hitz egin || [es duːt hit͡s eɡin] || I didn't speak
|-
| Ez nintzen etorri || [es nint͡sen etorːi] || I didn't come
|}


* ''Ezin dut ulertu.'' - I can't understand.
"ez" will always come before the verb that it is negating.
* ''Ezin da ona.'' - It can't be good.  


It is also possible to combine the two forms of negation. For example:
== Negative Interrogative ==


* ''Ezin dut ez ulertu.'' - I can't not understand.
In Basque, you form negative interrogative sentences by using "ez" and "bai". "Ez" will come before the verb and "bai" will come after the verb.
* ''Ez da ezin ona.'' - It can't not be good.  


Let's look at some examples of how to use negation in everyday conversations:  
For example:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Basque !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
! Basque !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
| Ez duzu hitz egin, bai ez? || [es duːz huːts eɡin bai eθ] || Didn't you speak?
|}
 
In this example, "ez" comes before the verb "duzu" (you speak) and "bai" comes after, making it a negative interrogative sentence.
 
== Negative Pronouns ==
 
In Basque, negative pronouns are used to form negative sentences with verbs. They are usually formed by adding "ez" to the beginning of a pronoun.
 
For example:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Basque !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Ez dut joan nahi. || /eθ dut ʒoan na.hi/ || I don't want to go.
| Ez nauk || [es naʊk] || I don't have
|-
|-
| Ezin dut joan. || /e.zin dut ʒoan/ || I can't go.
| Ez dizut || [es diθuːt] || I don't give you
|-
|}
| Ez dut ulertzen. || /eθ dut u.leɾ.t͡sɛn/ || I don't understand.
 
|-
In the examples above, we see the negative pronouns "Ez nauk" (I don't have) and "Ez dizut" (I don't give you).
| Ezin dut ulertu. || /e.zin dut u.leɾ.tu/ || I can't understand.
 
== Adverbial Negation ==
 
In Basque, you can also use adverbs to negate sentences. The adverbs that are commonly used for negation are: "inork", "inor", "inongo", "inon", "inora", "inoiz" and "inonahi".
 
For example:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Basque !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Ez da ona. || /eθ da o.na/ || It's not good.
| Inork ez da etorri ||
| [inork es da etorːi] || Nobody hasn't come
|-
|-
| Ezin da ona. || /e.zin da o.na/ || It can't be good.
| Inon ez da etorri ||
| [inon es da etorːi] || Nothing hasn't come
|}
|}


As you can see, negation is an important part of Basque grammar. With practice, you will be able to use it correctly in your everyday conversations.  
In these examples, we see that the adverb "inork" (nobody) and "inon" (nothing) are used to negate the sentence.
 
== Dialogue ==
 
* Person 1: Hitz egin duzu? (Did you speak?)
* Person 2: Ez, ez dut hitz egin. (No, I didn't speak.)
 
* Person 1: Nola dago ebakuntza? (How is the discount?)
* Person 2: Ez dago ebakuntzarik. (There is no discount.)
 
* Person 1: Nongoan da liburutegia? (Where is the library?)
* Person 2: Inor ez dakigu nongoa. (Nobody knows where it is.)
 
== Conclusion ==
 
Negative sentences are an important part of any language's grammar, and Basque is no exception. In this lesson, we learned how to form negative sentences in Basque using the word "ez", negative pronouns, and adverbs. These tools allow us to communicate different ideas and concepts and to have a greater understanding of the Basque language. Keep practicing! 💪


<hr>➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎


== Sources ==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basque_language Basque Language]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative_polarity Negative Polarity]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_indefinite_pronouns#Basque Indefinite Pronouns]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basque_grammar Basque Grammar]


==Related Lessons==
{{#seo:
* [[Language/Basque/Grammar/Imperative-Tense|Imperative Tense]]
|title=Basque Grammar - Negation
* [[Language/Basque/Grammar/Definite-Articles-in-Basque|Definite Articles in Basque]]
|keywords=Basque, Grammar, Negation, Negative, language,
* [[Language/Basque/Grammar/Present-Tense|Present Tense]]
|description=In this lesson, you will learn about negation in Basque grammar. The usage of the word "ez", negative pronouns, and adverbs will be covered in detail.
* [[Language/Basque/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]
}}
* [[Language/Basque/Grammar/Past-Participle-in-Basque|Past Participle in Basque]]
* [[Language/Basque/Grammar/Past-Tense|Past Tense]]
* [[Language/Basque/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]]
* [[Language/Basque/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]
* [[Language/Basque/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]
* [[Language/Basque/Grammar/Possessive-Case-in-Basque|Possessive Case in Basque]]


{{Basque-Page-Bottom}}
{{Basque-Page-Bottom}}

Revision as of 17:31, 5 March 2023

Basque-Language-PolyglotClub.png


Basque Grammar - Negation

Hi Basque learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will learn about negation in Basque grammar. To improve your [Language/Basque|Basque] [Language/Basque/Grammar|grammar], you can also use the Polyglot Club website. Find native speakers and ask them any questions!
Are you ready to learn? 🤓

Basic Negation

In Basque, you can form negative sentences by using the word "ez". This word can be used with any verb to form negative sentences.

For example:

Basque Pronunciation English
Ez dut hitz egin [es duːt hit͡s eɡin] I didn't speak
Ez nintzen etorri [es nint͡sen etorːi] I didn't come

"ez" will always come before the verb that it is negating.

Negative Interrogative

In Basque, you form negative interrogative sentences by using "ez" and "bai". "Ez" will come before the verb and "bai" will come after the verb.

For example:

Basque Pronunciation English
Ez duzu hitz egin, bai ez? [es duːz huːts eɡin bai eθ] Didn't you speak?

In this example, "ez" comes before the verb "duzu" (you speak) and "bai" comes after, making it a negative interrogative sentence.

Negative Pronouns

In Basque, negative pronouns are used to form negative sentences with verbs. They are usually formed by adding "ez" to the beginning of a pronoun.

For example:

Basque Pronunciation English
Ez nauk [es naʊk] I don't have
Ez dizut [es diθuːt] I don't give you

In the examples above, we see the negative pronouns "Ez nauk" (I don't have) and "Ez dizut" (I don't give you).

Adverbial Negation

In Basque, you can also use adverbs to negate sentences. The adverbs that are commonly used for negation are: "inork", "inor", "inongo", "inon", "inora", "inoiz" and "inonahi".

For example:

Basque Pronunciation English
Inork ez da etorri [inork es da etorːi] Nobody hasn't come
Inon ez da etorri [inon es da etorːi] Nothing hasn't come

In these examples, we see that the adverb "inork" (nobody) and "inon" (nothing) are used to negate the sentence.

Dialogue

  • Person 1: Hitz egin duzu? (Did you speak?)
  • Person 2: Ez, ez dut hitz egin. (No, I didn't speak.)
  • Person 1: Nola dago ebakuntza? (How is the discount?)
  • Person 2: Ez dago ebakuntzarik. (There is no discount.)
  • Person 1: Nongoan da liburutegia? (Where is the library?)
  • Person 2: Inor ez dakigu nongoa. (Nobody knows where it is.)

Conclusion

Negative sentences are an important part of any language's grammar, and Basque is no exception. In this lesson, we learned how to form negative sentences in Basque using the word "ez", negative pronouns, and adverbs. These tools allow us to communicate different ideas and concepts and to have a greater understanding of the Basque language. Keep practicing! 💪

➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.
➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎

Sources

Template:Basque-Page-Bottom

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