Difference between revisions of "Language/Central-khmer/Grammar/Pronouns"

Revision as of 02:18, 5 March 2023

Central Khmer Grammar - Pronouns

Hi Central Khmer learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will learn about Central Khmer pronouns, which are words that replace nouns. They help us avoid repetition and make sentences sound more natural. Pronouns are used in daily conversation, writing, and formal speeches. They are essential in any language for fluent communication.

Personal Pronouns

Personal pronouns show who is speaking (first person), who is being spoken to (second person), and who is being spoken about (third person). In Central Khmer, personal pronouns change depending on the gender and the level of formality used. Let's look at some examples:

Central Khmer	Pronunciation	English
ខ្ញុំ (khnhom)	knyom	I/me
អ្នក (anak)	neak	you (singular)
អ្វីដែល (avday)	avdai	he/him, she/her/it
យើង (yerng)	yuong	we/us (including the person addressed)
អ្នកយើង (anak yerng)	neak yuong	you (plural, including the person addressed)
ពុំពេច (pom pheak)	pom peak	they/them (male/mixed gender)
ពុំមានខ្លះ (pom mean klae)	pom men klach	they/them (female)

Dialogue:

Person 1: ខ្ញុំ ចង់ដឹកនាំអ្នក។ (Knhom jong doch neak.) (I want to guide you.)
Person 2: អរគុណកូណាមិនឲ្យខ្ញុំបាន។ (Arakun kun mean yu knhom ban.) (Thank you, but I can't let you.)

As you can see, the personal pronoun "អ្នក (neak)" changes depending on the social status and relationship between speaker and listener. You can use it for both singular and plural, instead of "អ្នកសម្រាប់អ្នកយើង (neak somrab kang neak yuong)." This is useful when you're not sure whether to use formal or informal language.

Possessive Pronouns

Possessive pronouns indicate who owns something or has a relationship to something. They are often used to avoid repetition, but also to avoid ambiguity. The most common Central Khmer possessive pronouns are:

Central Khmer	Pronunciation	English
ខ្ញុំ (khnhom)	knyom	my/mine
របស់អ្នក (robos neak)	roba neak	your(s) (singular)
របស់គាត់ (robos kat)	roba kat	his/hers/its
របស់យើង (robos yerng)	roba yuong	our(s)
របស់អ្នកយើង (robos neak yerng)	roba neak yuong	your(s) (plural)
របស់ពុំពេច (robos pom peak)	roba pom peak	their(s) (male/mixed gender)
របស់ពុំមានខ្លះ (robos pom mean klae)	roba pom men klach	their(s) (female)

Dialogue:

Person 1: ផ្ទះរបស់ខ្ញុំមានប្រអប់ឈ្មោះថ្មី។ (Pthas robos khnhom mean prabab chhom tmey.) (My house has a new room.)
Person 2: ហេតុនេះរបស់យើងមិនបានមើលទេ។ (Heur ney, robos yuong men ban meul te.) (That's why we haven't seen it.)

Reflexive Pronouns

Reflexive pronouns refer to the subject of a sentence and can be used to show actions that you do to yourself. In Central Khmer, reflexive pronouns use the word "ឯង (eang)" and are added to personal pronouns. Here are some examples:

Central Khmer	Pronunciation	English
ខ្ញុំឯង (khnhom eang)	knyom oong	myself
អ្នកឯង (anak eang)	neak oong	yourself (singular)
គាត់ឯង (kat eang)	kat oong	himself/herself/itself
យើងឯង (yerng eang)	yuong oong	ourselves (including the person addressed)
អ្នកយើងឯង (anak yerng eang)	neak yuong oong	yourselves (plural, including the person addressed)
ពុំពេចឯង (pom pheak eang)	pom peak oong	themselves (male/mixed gender)
ពុំមានខ្លះឯង (pom mean klae eang)	pom men klach oong	themselves (female)

Dialogue:

Person 1: ខ្ញុំឯងចូលគ្រប់ប្រភេទបាន។ (Knhom oong chol kraporpert ban.) (I can adapt myself to any situation.)
Person 2: តើអ្នកឯងអត់ធ្វើអំពើទេ? (Tov neak oong at tver ampuh te?) (Haven't you regretted it?)

Demonstrative Pronouns

Demonstrative pronouns are used to point out something or someone. They distinguish between what is near (this/these) and what is far (that/those). In Central Khmer, they use the words "នេះ (neyh)" and "នោះ (noh)" respectively. Here are some examples:

Central Khmer	Pronunciation	English
នេះ (neyh)	ney	this/these
នោះ (noh)	noh	that/those
វាទៅនេះ (vathav neyh)	vathao ney	here
វាទៅនោះ (vathav noh)	vathao noh	there
នេះដល់អ្នកមានខ្លី។ (Neyh dol neak men kley.)	Ney dal neak men klai.	Give this to your sister.
មានអ្វីដែលចង់លើស់នោះមែនទេ? (Men avday jong laos noh meun te?)	Men avdai jong les noh mean te?	Do you want anything on that side?

Indefinite Pronouns

Indefinite pronouns refer to people or things in general, without specifying who or what. They are often used when you don't know or don't need to know the identity of the subject. In Central Khmer, indefinite pronouns use the words "មិនមាន (men mean)" and "មាន (men)" for negative and positive forms respectively. Here are some examples:

Central Khmer	Pronunciation	English
មិនមានអ្វីទេ (men mean avy te)	men mean avey te	Nothing/no one
មានអ្វីគ្រប់គ្នា (men avey krapnae)	men avei krabnae	Anything/everything
មានម្នាស់មិនកូវហើយ (men mnas mean kou hey)	men mnas mean kou hey	Someone/maybe someone

Dialogue:

Person 1: តើលោកអាចជួយខ្ញុំអានទេ? (Tov lok aoch chea knhom aan te?) (Can you help me read this?)
Person 2: ខ្ញុំមិនអាចជួយលោកនោះបានទេ។ (Knhom men aoch chea lok noh ban te.) (I can't help that person.)

Interrogative Pronouns

Interrogative pronouns start questions and help us get information about people or things we don't know. They are often used to start a conversation or clarify something. In Central Khmer, interrogative pronouns use the word "អ្វី (avy)" for general questions and "តើ (tov)" for yes/no questions. Here are some examples:

Central Khmer	Pronunciation	English
អ្វី (avy)	avey	What?/Which?
នាង (neang)	neng	Who?
តើ...ដែរឬទេ? (tov...daiy koch tey?)	tov...day arng tie?	Is...?

Dialogue:

Person 1: អ្វីផ្សារមិនលឿនទេ? (Avey psar men l'uen te?) (What market isn't fast?)
Person 2: សូមជួយខ្ញុំលោកស្រីនាងមានអ្វីបាន? (Somchou aoch knhom lok srey neang men avey baan?) (Can you help me, sir, what does that lady have?)

To improve your Central Khmer Grammar, you can also use the Polyglot Club website. Find native speakers and ask them any questions!

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 <div class="pg_page_title">Central Khmer Grammar - Pronouns</div>
-Hi Central Khmer learners! 😊<br>In today's lesson, we will be discussing pronouns in Central Khmer. Pronouns are words that can replace nouns in a sentence. They are used to make sentences shorter and easier to understand. We will look at the different types of pronouns, how they are used, and some examples of their usage.
+Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/central-khmer Central Khmer] learners! 😊<br>
+In this lesson, we will learn about Central Khmer pronouns, which are words that replace nouns. They help us avoid repetition and make sentences sound more natural. Pronouns are used in daily conversation, writing, and formal speeches. They are essential in any language for fluent communication.
 __TOC__
 == Personal Pronouns ==
-Personal pronouns are used to refer to people or things. In Central Khmer, there are three types of personal pronouns: singular, dual, and plural.
+Personal pronouns show who is speaking (first person), who is being spoken to (second person), and who is being spoken about (third person). In Central Khmer, personal pronouns change depending on the gender and the level of formality used. Let's look at some examples:
-=== Singular ===
-Singular pronouns are used to refer to one person or thing. The singular pronouns in Central Khmer are:
-* ខ្ញុំ (kɲom) - I
-* អ្នក (neak) - you
-* គាត់ (kɑt) - he/she/it
-For example:
-* ខ្ញុំបាទចង់បញ្ចូលអត្ថបទនេះហើយ (kɲom bɑt cɑŋ bɑnclou ɑtɑb dənəh həy) - I want to submit this article now.
+{| class="wikitable"
-* អ្នកបាទចង់បញ្ចូលអត្ថបទនេះហើយ (neak bɑt cɑŋ bɑnclou ɑtɑb dənəh həy) - You want to submit this article now.
+! Central Khmer !! Pronunciation !! English
-* គាត់បាទចង់បញ្ចូលអត្ថបទនេះហើយ (kɑt bɑt cɑŋ bɑnclou ɑtɑb dənəh həy) - He/She/It wants to submit this article now.
+|-
+| ខ្ញុំ (khnhom) || knyom || I/me
+|-
+| អ្នក (anak) || neak || you (singular)
+|-
+| អ្វីដែល (avday) || avdai || he/him, she/her/it
+|-
+| យើង (yerng) || yuong || we/us (including the person addressed)
+|-
+| អ្នកយើង (anak yerng) || neak yuong || you (plural, including the person addressed)
+|-
+| ពុំពេច (pom pheak) || pom peak || they/them (male/mixed gender)
+|-
+| ពុំមានខ្លះ (pom mean klae) || pom men klach || they/them (female)
+|}
-=== Dual ===
+<em>Dialogue:</em>
+* Person 1: ខ្ញុំ ចង់ដឹកនាំអ្នក។ (Knhom jong doch neak.) (I want to guide you.)
+* Person 2: អរគុណកូណាមិនឲ្យខ្ញុំបាន។ (Arakun kun mean yu knhom ban.) (Thank you, but I can't let you.)
-Dual pronouns are used to refer to two people or things. The dual pronouns in Central Khmer are:
+As you can see, the personal pronoun "អ្នក (neak)" changes depending on the social status and relationship between speaker and listener. You can use it for both singular and plural, instead of "អ្នកសម្រាប់អ្នកយើង (neak somrab kang neak yuong)." This is useful when you're not sure whether to use formal or informal language.
-* យើង (yeung) - we (two people)
+== Possessive Pronouns ==
-* អ្នកពីរ (neak pii) - you (two people)
-* ពួកគេ (puuk kee) - they (two people)
-For example:
+Possessive pronouns indicate who owns something or has a relationship to something. They are often used to avoid repetition, but also to avoid ambiguity. The most common Central Khmer possessive pronouns are:
-* យើងបាទចង់បញ្ចូលអត្ថបទនេះហើយ (yeung bɑt cɑŋ bɑnclou ɑtɑb dənəh həy) - We want to submit this article now.
+{| class="wikitable"
-* អ្នកពីរបាទចង់បញ្ចូលអត្ថបទនេះហើយ (neak pii bɑt cɑŋ bɑnclou ɑtɑb dənəh həy) - You (two people) want to submit this article now.
+! Central Khmer !! Pronunciation !! English
-* ពួកគេបាទចង់បញ្ចូលអត្ថបទនេះហើយ (puuk kee bɑt cɑŋ bɑnclou ɑtɑb dənəh həy) - They (two people) want to submit this article now.
+|-
+| ខ្ញុំ (khnhom) || knyom || my/mine
+|-
+| របស់អ្នក (robos neak) || roba neak || your(s) (singular)
+|-
+| របស់គាត់ (robos kat) || roba kat || his/hers/its
+|-
+| របស់យើង (robos yerng) || roba yuong || our(s)
+|-
+| របស់អ្នកយើង (robos neak yerng) || roba neak yuong || your(s) (plural)
+|-
+| របស់ពុំពេច (robos pom peak) || roba pom peak || their(s) (male/mixed gender)
+|-
+| របស់ពុំមានខ្លះ (robos pom mean klae) || roba pom men klach || their(s) (female)
+|}
-=== Plural ===
+<em>Dialogue:</em>
+* Person 1: ផ្ទះរបស់ខ្ញុំមានប្រអប់ឈ្មោះថ្មី។ (Pthas robos khnhom mean prabab chhom tmey.) (My house has a new room.)
+* Person 2: ហេតុនេះរបស់យើងមិនបានមើលទេ។ (Heur ney, robos yuong men ban meul te.) (That's why we haven't seen it.)
-Plural pronouns are used to refer to more than two people or things. The plural pronouns in Central Khmer are:
+== Reflexive Pronouns ==
-* យើងច្រើន (yeung crəən) - we (more than two people)
+Reflexive pronouns refer to the subject of a sentence and can be used to show actions that you do to yourself. In Central Khmer, reflexive pronouns use the word "ឯង (eang)" and are added to personal pronouns. Here are some examples:
-* អ្នកច្រើន (neak crəən) - you (more than two people)
-* ពួកគេច្រើន (puuk kee crəən) - they (more than two people)
-For example:
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Central Khmer !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| ខ្ញុំឯង (khnhom eang) || knyom oong || myself
+|-
+| អ្នកឯង (anak eang) || neak oong || yourself (singular)
+|-
+| គាត់ឯង (kat eang) || kat oong || himself/herself/itself
+|-
+| យើងឯង (yerng eang) || yuong oong || ourselves (including the person addressed)
+|-
+| អ្នកយើងឯង (anak yerng eang) || neak yuong oong || yourselves (plural, including the person addressed)
+|-
+| ពុំពេចឯង (pom pheak eang) || pom peak oong || themselves (male/mixed gender)
+|-
+| ពុំមានខ្លះឯង (pom mean klae eang) || pom men klach oong || themselves (female)
+|}
-* យើងច្រើនបាទចង់បញ្ចូលអត្ថបទនេះហើយ (yeung crəən bɑt cɑŋ bɑnclou ɑtɑb dənəh həy) - We (more than two people) want to submit this article now.
+<em>Dialogue:</em>
-* អ្នកច្រើនបាទចង់បញ្ចូលអត្ថបទនេះហើយ (neak crəən bɑt cɑŋ bɑnclou ɑtɑb dənəh həy) - You (more than two people) want to submit this article now.
+* Person 1: ខ្ញុំឯងចូលគ្រប់ប្រភេទបាន។ (Knhom oong chol kraporpert ban.) (I can adapt myself to any situation.)
-* ពួកគេច្រើនបាទចង់បញ្ចូលអត្ថបទនេះហើយ (puuk kee crəən bɑt cɑŋ bɑnclou ɑtɑb dənəh həy) - They (more than two people) want to submit this article now.
+* Person 2: តើអ្នកឯងអត់ធ្វើអំពើទេ? (Tov neak oong at tver ampuh te?) (Haven't you regretted it?)
 == Demonstrative Pronouns ==
-Demonstrative pronouns are used to point out people or things. In Central Khmer, there are four types of demonstrative pronouns: near, far, near-plural, and far-plural.
+Demonstrative pronouns are used to point out something or someone. They distinguish between what is near (this/these) and what is far (that/those). In Central Khmer, they use the words "នេះ (neyh)" and "នោះ (noh)" respectively. Here are some examples:
-=== Near ===
-Near demonstrative pronouns are used to refer to people or things that are close by. The near demonstrative pronouns in Central Khmer are:
-* នេះ (nəh) - this
-* នោះ (nuh) - that
-For example:
-* នេះជាអត្ថបទដែលខ្ញុំបាទចង់បញ្ចូល (nəh cie ɑtɑb dəl kɲom bɑt cɑŋ bɑnclou) - This is the article that I want to submit.
+{| class="wikitable"
-* នោះជាអត្ថបទដែលអ្នកបាទចង់បញ្ចូល (nuh cie ɑtɑb dəl neak bɑt cɑŋ bɑnclou) - That is the article that you want to submit.
+! Central Khmer !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| នេះ (neyh) || ney || this/these
+|-
+| នោះ (noh) || noh || that/those
+|-
+| វាទៅនេះ (vathav neyh) || vathao ney || here
+|-
+| វាទៅនោះ (vathav noh) || vathao noh || there
+|-
+| នេះដល់អ្នកមានខ្លី។ (Neyh dol neak men kley.) || Ney dal neak men klai. || Give this to your sister.
+|-
+| មានអ្វីដែលចង់លើស់នោះមែនទេ? (Men avday jong laos noh meun te?) || Men avdai jong les noh mean te? || Do you want anything on that side?
+|}
-=== Far ===
+== Indefinite Pronouns ==
-Far demonstrative pronouns are used to refer to people or things that are far away. The far demonstrative pronouns in Central Khmer are:
+Indefinite pronouns refer to people or things in general, without specifying who or what. They are often used when you don't know or don't need to know the identity of the subject. In Central Khmer, indefinite pronouns use the words "មិនមាន (men mean)" and "មាន (men)" for negative and positive forms respectively. Here are some examples:
-* នៅទីនេះ (nəv tii nəh) - this (far away)
+{| class="wikitable"
-* នៅទីនោះ (nəv tii nuh) - that (far away)
+! Central Khmer !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| មិនមានអ្វីទេ (men mean avy te) || men mean avey te || Nothing/no one
+|-
+| មានអ្វីគ្រប់គ្នា (men avey krapnae) || men avei krabnae || Anything/everything
+|-
+| មានម្នាស់មិនកូវហើយ (men mnas mean kou hey) || men mnas mean kou hey || Someone/maybe someone
+|}
-For example:
+<em>Dialogue:</em>
+* Person 1: តើលោកអាចជួយខ្ញុំអានទេ? (Tov lok aoch chea knhom aan te?) (Can you help me read this?)
+* Person 2: ខ្ញុំមិនអាចជួយលោកនោះបានទេ។ (Knhom men aoch chea lok noh ban te.) (I can't help that person.)
-* នៅទីនេះជាអត្ថបទដែលខ្ញុំបាទចង់បញ្ចូល (nəv tii nəh cie ɑtɑb dəl kɲom bɑt cɑŋ bɑnclou) - This (far away) is the article that I want to submit.
+== Interrogative Pronouns ==
-* នៅទីនោះជាអត្ថបទដែលអ្នកបាទចង់បញ្ចូល (nəv tii nuh cie ɑtɑb dəl neak bɑt cɑŋ bɑnclou) - That (far away) is the article that you want to submit.
-=== Near-Plural ===
+Interrogative pronouns start questions and help us get information about people or things we don't know. They are often used to start a conversation or clarify something. In Central Khmer, interrogative pronouns use the word "អ្វី (avy)" for general questions and "តើ (tov)" for yes/no questions. Here are some examples:
-Near-plural demonstrative pronouns are used to refer to multiple people or things that are close by. The near-plural demonstrative pronouns in Central Khmer are:
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Central Khmer !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| អ្វី (avy) || avey || What?/Which?
+|-
+| នាង (neang) || neng || Who?
+|-
+| តើ...ដែរឬទេ? (tov...daiy koch tey?) || tov...day arng tie? || Is...?
+|}
-* ទាំងនេះ (teung nəh) - these
+<em>Dialogue:</em>
-* ទាំងនោះ (teung nuh) - those
+* Person 1: អ្វីផ្សារមិនលឿនទេ? (Avey psar men l'uen te?) (What market isn't fast?)
+* Person 2: សូមជួយខ្ញុំលោកស្រីនាងមានអ្វីបាន? (Somchou aoch knhom lok srey neang men avey baan?) (Can you help me, sir, what does that lady have?)
-For example:
+To improve your [[Language/Central-khmer|Central Khmer]] [[Language/Central-khmer/Grammar|Grammar]], you can also use the [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] website. [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=25 Find native speakers] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/central-khmer/question questions]!
-* ទាំងនេះជាអត្ថបទ
+== Sources ==
+* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khmer_language Khmer Language]
+* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodian_pronouns Cambodian Pronouns]
+* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Possessive_pronoun Possessive Pronoun]
+* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indefinite_pronoun Indefinite Pronouns]
-==Related Lessons==
+{{#seo:
-* [[Language/Central-khmer/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]
+|title=Central Khmer Grammar - Pronouns
-* [[Language/Central-khmer/Grammar/Gender|Gender]]
+|keywords=Central Khmer, Pronouns, Personal Pronouns, Possessive Pronouns, Reflexive Pronouns, Demonstrative Pronouns, Interrogative Pronouns
-* [[Language/Central-khmer/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]]
+|description=In this lesson, you will learn about Central Khmer pronouns, their usage, and some examples of how they are used in conversation.}
-* [[Language/Central-khmer/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]
+}}
-* [[Language/Central-khmer/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]
-* [[Language/Central-khmer/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]
 {{Central-khmer-Page-Bottom}}

Difference between revisions of "Language/Central-khmer/Grammar/Pronouns"

Revision as of 02:18, 5 March 2023

Contents

Personal Pronouns

Possessive Pronouns

Reflexive Pronouns

Demonstrative Pronouns

Indefinite Pronouns

Interrogative Pronouns

Sources

Navigation menu

Difference between revisions of "Language/Central-khmer/Grammar/Pronouns"

Revision as of 02:18, 5 March 2023

Personal Pronouns

Possessive Pronouns

Reflexive Pronouns

Demonstrative Pronouns

Indefinite Pronouns

Interrogative Pronouns

Sources

Navigation menu

Search