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<div class="pg_page_title">Javanese Grammar - Plurals</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">Javanese Grammar - Plurals</div>
Hi Javanese learners!😊<hr>Learning [https://polyglotclub.com/language/javanese Javanese] Grammar can be a challenging task, but it is also very rewarding. In this lesson, we will focus on the plural forms of nouns in Javanese. __TOC__


== Plural Forms ==
Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/javanese Javanese] learners! 😊


In Javanese, there are two ways to form plurals: by adding a suffix or by reduplication.  
In this lesson, we will explore the plural form in Javanese. Understanding plural forms is crucial when communicating with other people in Javanese.


=== Suffix ===
__TOC__


The most common way to form plurals is by adding a suffix. The suffix used depends on the last letter of the word. For words ending in a consonant, the suffix -ane is added. For example, the plural of ''bapak'' (father) is ''bapak-ane''. For words ending in a vowel, the suffix -ane is added. For example, the plural of ''orang'' (person) is ''orang-ane''.
== Plural Marker ==


=== Reduplication ===
In Javanese, the plural marker is "wong" which means "people." Adding "wong" after a word indicates that it is in plural form. For example:


The second way to form plurals is by reduplication. This means repeating the word twice. For example, the plural of ''kucing'' (cat) is ''kucing-kucing''. Reduplication is used for words that end in a consonant and for words that end in a vowel.  
{| class="wikitable"
! Javanese !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| sepeda || [sə.ˈpe.ðɔ] || bicycle
|-
| sepeda wong || [sə.ˈpe.ðɔ ˈwɔŋ] || bicycles
|-
| ayam || [a.ˈjam] || chicken
|-
| ayam wong || [a.ˈjam ˈwɔŋ] || chickens
|}


== Irregular Plurals ==
As you can see from the examples, the plural marker "wong" is added after the noun to indicate plurality.


There are some words that have irregular plurals. These words do not follow the rules above. Here are some examples:
== Plurals and Adjectives ==


* ''anak'' (child) → ''anak-anak''
When a noun is modified by an adjective, the adjective always comes after the noun in Javanese. This is also true for plural nouns. For example:
* ''ayah'' (father) → ''ayah-ayah''
* ''ibu'' (mother) → ''ibu-ibu''
* ''teman'' (friend) → ''teman-teman''


== Exceptions ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Javanese !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| sepeda wong sing gedhe || [sə.ˈpe.ðɔ ˈwɔŋ siŋ ˈɡə.ðɛ] || big bicycles (lit. bicycles people big)
|-
| ayam wong cilik || [a.ˈjam ˈwɔŋ ˈtʃi.lik] || small chickens (lit. chickens people small)
|}


There are some exceptions to the rules above. For example, the word ''orang'' (person) does not take the suffix -ane when forming its plural. Instead, it takes the suffix -i. The plural of ''orang'' is ''orang-i''.  
In the examples above, we can see that the adjective comes after the noun and the plural marker "wong."


== Practice ==
== Plurals and Pronouns ==


Now it's time to practice! Try to form the plural of the following words:  
In Javanese, pronouns also have a plural form. We use the same plural marker "wong" to indicate plural pronouns. For example:


* ''mobil'' (car)  
{| class="wikitable"
* ''rumah'' (house)  
! Javanese !! Pronunciation !! English
* ''saudara'' (sibling)  
|-
| aku || [a.ˈku] || I
|-
| kita || [ˈki.tɔ] || we (inclusive)
|-
| kita-wong || [ˈki.tɔ ˈwɔŋ] || we (inclusive, more than two people)
|-
| kowe || [ˈkɔ.wɛ] || you (singular)
|-
| kowe-wong || [ˈkɔ.wɛ ˈwɔŋ] || you (plural)
|}


The answers are:
As you can see from the examples, adding the plural marker "wong" to pronouns indicates that it is in plural form.


* ''mobil-mobil''
== Dialogue ==
* ''rumah-rumah''
* ''saudara-saudara''


If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
Here's a dialogue to help you see plurals in context:


* Person 1: Kulo duwe ayam wong. ([I have chickens.])
* Person 2: Pira? ([How many?])
* Person 1: Lima ayam wong. ([Five chickens.])


==Related Lessons==
== Cultural Insights ==
* [[Language/Javanese/Grammar/Nouns|Nouns]]
 
* [[Language/Javanese/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]
The Javanese take great pride in their culture and traditions. They have a rich artistic tradition including gamelan music, wayang kulit puppetry and batik textiles. Additionally, they are known for their philosophy of "gotong royong," which emphasizes mutual cooperation and helping each other. Understanding these cultural insights can help you better understand the Javanese language and people.
* [[Language/Javanese/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]
 
* [[Language/Javanese/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]
To improve your [[Language/Javanese|Javanese]] [[Language/Javanese/Grammar|Grammar]], you can also use the [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] website. [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=63 Find native speakers] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/javanese/question questions]!
* [[Language/Javanese/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]
 
* [[Language/Javanese/Grammar/Gender|Gender]]
== Sources ==
* [[Language/Javanese/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javanese_language Javanese language]
* [[Language/Javanese/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javanese_culture Javanese culture]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamelan Gamelan]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayang Wayang]
 
<hr>➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
 
{{#seo:
|title=Javanese Grammar - Plurals
|keywords=Javanese grammar, Javanese plurals, Javanese culture, Javanese language
|description=In this lesson, we will explore the plural form in Javanese. Understanding plural forms is crucial when communicating with other people in Javanese.
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{{Javanese-Page-Bottom}}
{{Javanese-Page-Bottom}}

Revision as of 23:03, 4 March 2023

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Javanese Grammar - Plurals

Hi Javanese learners! 😊

In this lesson, we will explore the plural form in Javanese. Understanding plural forms is crucial when communicating with other people in Javanese.

Plural Marker

In Javanese, the plural marker is "wong" which means "people." Adding "wong" after a word indicates that it is in plural form. For example:

Javanese Pronunciation English
sepeda [sə.ˈpe.ðɔ] bicycle
sepeda wong [sə.ˈpe.ðɔ ˈwɔŋ] bicycles
ayam [a.ˈjam] chicken
ayam wong [a.ˈjam ˈwɔŋ] chickens

As you can see from the examples, the plural marker "wong" is added after the noun to indicate plurality.

Plurals and Adjectives

When a noun is modified by an adjective, the adjective always comes after the noun in Javanese. This is also true for plural nouns. For example:

Javanese Pronunciation English
sepeda wong sing gedhe [sə.ˈpe.ðɔ ˈwɔŋ siŋ ˈɡə.ðɛ] big bicycles (lit. bicycles people big)
ayam wong cilik [a.ˈjam ˈwɔŋ ˈtʃi.lik] small chickens (lit. chickens people small)

In the examples above, we can see that the adjective comes after the noun and the plural marker "wong."

Plurals and Pronouns

In Javanese, pronouns also have a plural form. We use the same plural marker "wong" to indicate plural pronouns. For example:

Javanese Pronunciation English
aku [a.ˈku] I
kita [ˈki.tɔ] we (inclusive)
kita-wong [ˈki.tɔ ˈwɔŋ] we (inclusive, more than two people)
kowe [ˈkɔ.wɛ] you (singular)
kowe-wong [ˈkɔ.wɛ ˈwɔŋ] you (plural)

As you can see from the examples, adding the plural marker "wong" to pronouns indicates that it is in plural form.

Dialogue

Here's a dialogue to help you see plurals in context:

  • Person 1: Kulo duwe ayam wong. ([I have chickens.])
  • Person 2: Pira? ([How many?])
  • Person 1: Lima ayam wong. ([Five chickens.])

Cultural Insights

The Javanese take great pride in their culture and traditions. They have a rich artistic tradition including gamelan music, wayang kulit puppetry and batik textiles. Additionally, they are known for their philosophy of "gotong royong," which emphasizes mutual cooperation and helping each other. Understanding these cultural insights can help you better understand the Javanese language and people.

To improve your Javanese Grammar, you can also use the Polyglot Club website. Find native speakers and ask them any questions!

Sources

➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.
➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎


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