Difference between revisions of "Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Gender"

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<div class="pg_page_title">Indonesian Grammar - Gender</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">Indonesian Grammar - Gender</div>
Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/indonesian Indonesian] learners! 😊<br>In this lesson, we will learn about the gender rules in Indonesian. We will look at the different ways to express gender in Indonesian and how to use them correctly. We will also look at some examples and practice exercises to help you understand the rules better. Let's get started! __TOC__


==Rules==
Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/indonesian Indonesian] learners! 😊<br>In this lesson, we will delve into a topic that can be tricky for English speakers: Indonesian Grammar Gender. Don't worry, we'll explain it in simple terms and provide examples. So keep on reading!
In Indonesian, gender is expressed in two ways: through nouns and pronouns. Nouns are words that refer to people, places, things, or ideas. Pronouns are words that replace nouns.  


When it comes to nouns, there is no distinction between masculine and feminine forms. All nouns are considered to be gender-neutral. However, when it comes to pronouns, there is a distinction between masculine and feminine forms.
__TOC__


The masculine pronoun is ''dia'' and the feminine pronoun is ''dia''. For example, if you are talking about a man, you would use the masculine pronoun ''dia'', and if you are talking about a woman, you would use the feminine pronoun ''dia''.  
== Introduction ==
Indonesian does not have separate gender pronouns like in English (he, she, him, her) but it does have a gender reference in the third person singular. Understanding gender in Indonesian is important for using the right word forms.


It is important to note that the gender of the pronoun must match the gender of the person being referred to. For example, if you are talking about a man, you must use the masculine pronoun ''dia'', and if you are talking about a woman, you must use the feminine pronoun ''dia''.
In this lesson, we will explore the gender reference in Indonesian in a simple and entertaining way. We will also give you cultural insights on how the grammar can be useful in social contexts. You'll be amazed to learn how gender is used in address forms, for example. So, stay tuned!


==Examples==
== Gender in Indonesian ==
Indonesian has two gender references: "Dia" and "Mereka." While "dia" refers to he or she, "mereka" means they.
 
But, how can we know if "dia" refers to "he" or "she"? Easy-peasy! Look at the verb. The verb will tell you the right form to use. If the verb ends in "-kan," it indicates that "dia" refers to a male subject. On the other hand, if the verb ends in "-i," it indicates that "dia" refers to a female subject.
 
For example:
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Indonesian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
! Indonesian !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
| Dia belajar || ˈdiaː bɛ.ˈla.ʤaɾ || He/She is studying
|-
|-
| Dia laki-laki. || di-a la-ki-la-ki || He is a man.
| Dia belajarkan || ˈdiaː bɛ.ˈla.ʤaɾ.kan || He is teaching
|-
|-
| Dia perempuan. || di-a pe-rem-puan || She is a woman.
| Dia belajari || ˈdiaː bɛ.ˈla.ʤa.ɾi || She is learning
|-
| Dia sedang makan. || di-a se-dang ma-kan || He is eating.
|-
| Dia sedang membaca. || di-a se-dang me-ma-ba-ca || She is reading.
|-
| Dia suka makan. || di-a su-ka ma-kan || He likes to eat.
|-
| Dia suka membaca. || di-a su-ka me-ma-ba-ca || She likes to read.
|}
|}


==Practice==
== Applied grammar ==
To improve your [[Language/Indonesian|Indonesian]] [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar|Grammar]], you can also use the [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] website. [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=57 Find native speakers] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/indonesian/question questions]!
In Indonesian, gender is often used as a form of politeness in conversation, particularly in addressing people.
 
Here are some commonly used title suffixes: "pak" and "bapak" for "Mr." and "ibu" or "bu" for "Mrs." You will notice that these title suffixes are gender specific.
 
* Person 1: Selamat pagi, Pak!
* Person 2: Pagi juga! Bagaimana kabar Bapak hari ini?


==Quiz==
Translation:
===Questions===
* Person 1: Good morning, Mr.!
1. What is the masculine pronoun in Indonesian?
* Person 2: Good morning! How are you doing today?
2. What is the feminine pronoun in Indonesian?
3. What is the gender of the pronoun that must match the gender of the person being referred to?
4. How do you say "He is eating" in Indonesian?
5. How do you say "She likes to read" in Indonesian?  


===Answers===
"Adik" is a gender-neutral term in Indonesian that means younger sibling. It is commonly used to refer to someone younger than you, regardless of their gender. Similarly, "Kakak" means older sibling and is also gender-neutral, but has more formal connotations.
1. The masculine pronoun in Indonesian is ''dia''.  
 
2. The feminine pronoun in Indonesian is ''dia''.
* Person 1: Adik, kamu suka makan sate?
3. The gender of the pronoun must match the gender of the person being referred to.  
* Person 2: Suka, Kak!
4. "He is eating" in Indonesian is "Dia sedang makan".  
 
5. "She likes to read" in Indonesian is "Dia suka membaca".  
Translation:
* Person 1: Younger sibling, do you like to eat satay?
* Person 2: Yes, I do, older sibling!
 
 
== Exceptions ==
Just to give you a heads up: "adek" is considered grammatically incorrect in Indonesian. It may be common slang, but the correct gender-neutral term is "adik".  
 
Another exception is the word "dokter" (doctor), which is always used in the masculine form even if it refers to a female doctor. It does not have a feminine form. In such cases, you can use "dokter perempuan" to specify "female doctor" if necessary.  
 
== Conclusion ==
Learning Indonesian grammar gender may seem challenging at first, but it is an essential skill to acquire if you want to express yourself correctly and politely. Keep practicing and do not hesitate to ask native speakers for guidance. To improve your [[Language/Indonesian|Indonesian]] [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar|Grammar]], you can also use the [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] website. [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=57 Find native speakers] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/indonesian/question questions]!


<hr>➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
<hr>➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
== Sources ==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesian_language Indonesian Language]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesian_grammar Indonesian Grammar]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesian_pronouns Indonesian Pronouns]


{{#seo:
{{#seo:
|title=Indonesian Grammar - Gender
|title=Indonesian Grammar - Gender
|keywords=Indonesian, grammar, gender, nouns, pronouns, masculine, feminine, dia, laki-laki, perempuan, makan, membaca
|keywords=Indonesian, Gender, Grammar, Indonesia, He, She, They, Mr., Mrs., younger sibling, older sibling, doctor
|description=In this lesson, we will learn about the gender rules in Indonesian. We will look at the different ways to express gender in Indonesian and how to use them correctly. We will also look at some examples and practice exercises to help you understand the rules better. Let's get started!
|description=In this lesson, you will learn about Indonesian Grammar Gender, including rules, exceptions, and cultural insights. Learn how to use gender correctly and politely in Indonesian conversations.
}}
}}
==Related Lessons==
* [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Imperative-Tense|Imperative Tense]]
* [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Comaratives-and-Superlatives|Comaratives and Superlatives]]
* [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]]
* [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Nouns|Nouns]]
* [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be|How to Use Be]]
* [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Why-Learn-Indonesian|Why Learn Indonesian]]
* [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]
* [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Weather-in-Indonesian|Weather in Indonesian]]
* [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Indefinite-Articles-in-Indonesian|Indefinite Articles in Indonesian]]
* [[Language/Indonesian/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]


{{Indonesian-Page-Bottom}}
{{Indonesian-Page-Bottom}}

Revision as of 16:34, 4 March 2023

Indonesian-flag-polyglotclub.png
Indonesian Grammar - Gender

Hi Indonesian learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will delve into a topic that can be tricky for English speakers: Indonesian Grammar Gender. Don't worry, we'll explain it in simple terms and provide examples. So keep on reading!

Introduction

Indonesian does not have separate gender pronouns like in English (he, she, him, her) but it does have a gender reference in the third person singular. Understanding gender in Indonesian is important for using the right word forms.

In this lesson, we will explore the gender reference in Indonesian in a simple and entertaining way. We will also give you cultural insights on how the grammar can be useful in social contexts. You'll be amazed to learn how gender is used in address forms, for example. So, stay tuned!

Gender in Indonesian

Indonesian has two gender references: "Dia" and "Mereka." While "dia" refers to he or she, "mereka" means they.

But, how can we know if "dia" refers to "he" or "she"? Easy-peasy! Look at the verb. The verb will tell you the right form to use. If the verb ends in "-kan," it indicates that "dia" refers to a male subject. On the other hand, if the verb ends in "-i," it indicates that "dia" refers to a female subject.

For example:

Indonesian Pronunciation English
Dia belajar ˈdiaː bɛ.ˈla.ʤaɾ He/She is studying
Dia belajarkan ˈdiaː bɛ.ˈla.ʤaɾ.kan He is teaching
Dia belajari ˈdiaː bɛ.ˈla.ʤa.ɾi She is learning

Applied grammar

In Indonesian, gender is often used as a form of politeness in conversation, particularly in addressing people.

Here are some commonly used title suffixes: "pak" and "bapak" for "Mr." and "ibu" or "bu" for "Mrs." You will notice that these title suffixes are gender specific.

  • Person 1: Selamat pagi, Pak!
  • Person 2: Pagi juga! Bagaimana kabar Bapak hari ini?

Translation:

  • Person 1: Good morning, Mr.!
  • Person 2: Good morning! How are you doing today?

"Adik" is a gender-neutral term in Indonesian that means younger sibling. It is commonly used to refer to someone younger than you, regardless of their gender. Similarly, "Kakak" means older sibling and is also gender-neutral, but has more formal connotations.

  • Person 1: Adik, kamu suka makan sate?
  • Person 2: Suka, Kak!

Translation:

  • Person 1: Younger sibling, do you like to eat satay?
  • Person 2: Yes, I do, older sibling!


Exceptions

Just to give you a heads up: "adek" is considered grammatically incorrect in Indonesian. It may be common slang, but the correct gender-neutral term is "adik".

Another exception is the word "dokter" (doctor), which is always used in the masculine form even if it refers to a female doctor. It does not have a feminine form. In such cases, you can use "dokter perempuan" to specify "female doctor" if necessary.

Conclusion

Learning Indonesian grammar gender may seem challenging at first, but it is an essential skill to acquire if you want to express yourself correctly and politely. Keep practicing and do not hesitate to ask native speakers for guidance. To improve your Indonesian Grammar, you can also use the Polyglot Club website. Find native speakers and ask them any questions!

➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.
➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎

Sources


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