Language/Halh-mongolian/Grammar/Future-Tense

Halh Mongolian Grammar - Future Tense

Hi Halh Mongolian learners! 😊
In this lesson, we'll be discussing the future tense in Halh Mongolian. The future tense is used to express actions that will occur or be completed at some point in the future. It is an essential part of the language that can help you communicate your plans and intentions more effectively. Let's get started!

Formation of the Future Tense

To form the future tense in Halh Mongolian, you need to add the suffix "-аар" to the root verb. For example, if the root verb is "санаа", meaning "to eat", the future tense would be "санаа аар" which means "will eat".

Halh Mongolian	Pronunciation	English
санаа аар	sanaa aar	will eat

It's that simple! The future tense has the same suffix for all verbs.

Examples in Context

Let's now take a look at some examples so you can see how the future tense is actually used in context.

• Person 1: Би амьдралын бүхнийгээ өөрийн гэртээ тушаах гэж бодож байгаа. (Bi am'dralyn bükhnii'gee ööriin gerde tushaakh gej bodooj baigaa.)
  

 (I am thinking of inviting everyone from work to my house.)
 

• Person 2: Та хэдэн хүнийг уурхайлахаар байгаа вэ? (Ta hedeen hüniig uurkhailakhaar baigaa ve?)
  

 (How many people are you planning to invite?)
 

• Person 1: Дөрвөн хүн маань хэдэн байдаг вэ гэдэгт мэдээрэй. (Dörvön hün maan' khedeen baidag ve gedegt medeeerei.)
  

 (I will let you know how many people will be there.)

In this example, you can see how the future tense is used to express a plan that someone is thinking of doing. Person 1 is thinking of inviting everyone from work to their house and they express this plan in future tense, "өөрийн гэртээ тушаах гэж бодож байгаа" (ooirin gerdee tushaakh gej bodooj baigaa). Person 2 then asks how many people they are planning to invite, "хэдэн хүнийг уурхайлахаар байгаа вэ?" (hedeen hüniig uurkhailakhaar baigaa ve?). Finally, Person 1 responds, saying they will let Person 2 know how many people will be there, "маань хэдэн байдаг вэ гэдэгт мэдээрэй" (maan' khedeen baidag ve gedegt medeeerei).

Negative and Interrogative Forms

To form the negative and interrogative forms of the future tense in Halh Mongolian, you just need to add the negative particle "биш" (bish) to the verb for negative and add the question particle "уу" (uu) at the end of the sentence for interrogative.

Let's take the verb "орох" (orokh), meaning "to go". The future tense would be "орох аар" (orokh aar), meaning "will go". To make it negative, you just need to add "биш" (bish) after the verb: "орох биш аар" (orokh bish aar), meaning "will not go". To make it interrogative, you just need to add "уу" (uu) at the end of the sentence: "орох аар уу?" (orokh aar uu?), meaning "will you go?".

Halh Mongolian	Pronunciation	English
орох аар	orokh aar	will go
орох биш аар	orokh bish aar	will not go
орох аар уу?	orokh aar uu?	will you go?

Cultural Tips

Knowing the language is essential for understanding the culture. Here are some interesting cultural tips related to the future tense:

1. Mongolians are known for their hospitality and kindness. When you plan to visit or meet someone in the future, Mongolians like to use the future tense to express their warm welcome. For example, they might say "Сайхан оройтой байх" (Saikhan oroitoi baikh) which means "I'll be waiting for you with a warm welcome".

2. Mongolia is famous for its horse riding culture. If you are planning to go horse riding in the future, you can say "Надад морьсон гэрэл хүнсээр явах гэж байгаа" (Nadad mor'son gerel hüns'eer javakh gej baigaa) which means "I am planning to go horse riding in the future".

3. Mongolians are known for their love of nature and outdoor activities. If you are planning to go camping in the future, you can use the future tense to express your plan. For example, you can say "Би мэдэхгүй байх юм амьдралын бүхнийгээ гүн явж уулзах гэж бодож байгаа" (Bi medekhgüi baikh yum am'dralyn bükhnii'gee güün javzh uulzakh gej bodooj baigaa) which means "I don't know about others, but I am planning to go hiking and camping in the future".

Practice Makes Perfect!

Now that you have learned how to form and use the future tense in Halh Mongolian, it's time to practice! You can find some exercises on the Halh Mongolian questions page on Polyglot Club.

To improve your Halh Mongolian Grammar, you can also use the Polyglot Club website. Find native speakers and ask them any questions!

Sources

• Mongolian grammar
• Culture of Mongolia
• Mongolian language
• Horse culture in Mongolia

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