Difference between revisions of "Language/Kannada/Pronunciation/Alphabet-and-Pronunciation"

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__TOC__
__TOC__
==Vowels==
==Vowels==
There are 13 vowel letters. When a vowel follows a consonant, it is written with a diacritic rather than as a separate letter.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!'''Letter'''
!'''Letter'''
Line 186: Line 189:
|[ɭa]
|[ɭa]
|}
|}
There are 2 categories of consonant letters: the '''structured consonants''' and the '''unstructured consonants'''.
=== Structured Consonants ===
The structured consonants are classified according to where the tongue touches the palate of the mouth and are classified accordingly into 5 groups.
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Voiceless
!Voiceless aspirate
!Voiced
!Voiced aspirate
!Nasal
|-
!Velars
|ಕ (''ka'')
|ಖ (''kha'')
|ಗ (''ga'')
|ಘ (''gha'')
|ಙ (''ṅa'')
|-
!Palatals
|ಚ (''ca'')
|ಛ (''cha'')
|ಜ (''ja'')
|ಝ (''jha'')
|ಞ (''ña'')
|-
!Retroflex
|ಟ (''ṭa'')
|ಠ (''ṭha'')
|ಡ (''ḍa'')
|ಢ (''ḍha'')
|ಣ (''ṇa'')
|-
!Dentals
|ತ (''ta'')
|ಥ (''tha'')
|ದ (''da'')
|ಧ (''dha'')
|ನ (''na'')
|-
!Labials
|ಪ (''pa'')
|ಫ (''pha'')
|ಬ (''ba'')
|ಭ (''bha'')
|ಮ (''ma'')
|}
=== Unstructured consonants ===
The unstructured consonants are consonants that do not fall into the above structures:
* '''ಯ''' (ya)
* '''ರ''' (ra)
* '''ಱ''' (ṟa; obsolete)
* '''ಲ''' (la)
* '''ವ''' (va)
* '''ಶ''' (śa)
* '''ಷ''' (ṣa)
* '''ಸ''' (sa)
* '''ಹ''' (ha)
* '''ಳ''' (''ḷa'')
* '''ೞ''' (ḻ; obsolete).


==Video: Pronunciation==
==Video: Pronunciation==

Revision as of 21:43, 22 October 2022

Kannada-Alphabet.jpg

Kannada is a Dravidian language spoken mainly by the people of Karnataka in the southwestern region of India.

The Kannada alphabet (ಕನ್ನಡ ಲಿಪಿ) developed from the Kadamba and Cālukya scripts, descendents of Brahmi, which were used between the 5th and 7th centuries AD.

Under the influence of Christian missionary organizations, Kannada and Telugu scripts were standardized at the beginning of the XIXth century.

Vowels

There are 13 vowel letters. When a vowel follows a consonant, it is written with a diacritic rather than as a separate letter.

Letter Diacritic ISO IPA
ಅ ◌ a [a]
ಆ ಾ ā [aː]
ಇ ಿ i [i]
ಈ ೀ ī [iː]
ಉ ು u [u]
ಊ ೂ ū [uː]
ಋ ೃ rū [rɨ]
ಎ ೆ e [e]
ಏ ೇ ē [eː]
ಐ ೈ ai [eʲ]
ಒ ೊ o [o]
ಓ ೋ ō [oː]
ಔ ೌ au [oʷ]

Consonants

Letter IPA
ಕ [ka]
ಖ [kʰa]
ಗ [ɡa]
ಘ [ɡʱa]
ಙ [ŋa]
ಚ [tʃa]
ಛ [tʃʰa]
ಜ [dʒa]
ಝ [dʒʱa]
ಞ [ɲa]
ಟ [ʈa]
ಠ [ʈʰa]
ಡ [ɖa]
ಢ [ɖʱa]
ಣ [ɳa]
ತ [t̪a]
ಥ [t̪ʰa]
ದ [d̪a]
ಧ [d̪ʱa]
ನ [n̪a]
ಪ [pa]
ಫ [pʰa]
ಬ [ba]
ಭ [bʱa]
ಮ [ma]
ಯ [ja]
ರ [ra]
ಲ [l̪a]
ವ [ʋa]
ಶ [ça]
ಷ [ʂa]
ಸ [sa]
ಹ [ħa]
ಳ [ɭa]


There are 2 categories of consonant letters: the structured consonants and the unstructured consonants.

Structured Consonants

The structured consonants are classified according to where the tongue touches the palate of the mouth and are classified accordingly into 5 groups.

Voiceless Voiceless aspirate Voiced Voiced aspirate Nasal
Velars ಕ (ka) ಖ (kha) ಗ (ga) ಘ (gha) ಙ (ṅa)
Palatals ಚ (ca) ಛ (cha) ಜ (ja) ಝ (jha) ಞ (ña)
Retroflex ಟ (ṭa) ಠ (ṭha) ಡ (ḍa) ಢ (ḍha) ಣ (ṇa)
Dentals ತ (ta) ಥ (tha) ದ (da) ಧ (dha) ನ (na)
Labials ಪ (pa) ಫ (pha) ಬ (ba) ಭ (bha) ಮ (ma)

Unstructured consonants

The unstructured consonants are consonants that do not fall into the above structures:

  • ಯ (ya)
  • ರ (ra)
  • ಱ (ṟa; obsolete)
  • ಲ (la)
  • ವ (va)
  • ಶ (śa)
  • ಷ (ṣa)
  • ಸ (sa)
  • ಹ (ha)
  • ಳ (ḷa)
  • ೞ (ḻ; obsolete).

Video: Pronunciation

Kannada Online Virtual Keyboard

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