Difference between revisions of "Language/Galician/Pronunciation/Alphabet-and-Pronunciation"

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In today’s lesson we are going to study how to write and pronounce the Galician alphabet.


Galician is spoken mainly in Galicia, an autonomous community located in northwestern Spain where it is co-official with Spanish.
In today’s lesson we are going to study how to write and pronounce the Galician alphabet. Galician is spoken mainly in Galicia, an autonomous community located in northwestern Spain where it is co-official with Spanish. The Galician alphabet is used to write the Galician language. You will find in the table below the different letters of its alphabet and their pronunciation.


You will find in the table below the different letters of its alphabet and their pronunciation.




__TOC__
__TOC__
==Alphabet and Pronunciation in Galician==
==Alphabet and Pronunciation in Galician==
According to the modern and official standard, it has 23 letters and 6 digraphs, in addition to a few letters (⟨j⟩, ⟨k⟩, ⟨w⟩ and ⟨y⟩) used in foreign words, abbreviations and international symbols. As in Portuguese, all letters are masculine.
* Note: In medieval Galician there were also the letters: ⟨j⟩ /ʃ/, ⟨g⟩ (/ʃ/ preceding e and i), ⟨ç⟩ (/θ/; /s/ in areas with sigmatism), and the digraphs ⟨lh⟩ /ʎ/, ⟨nh⟩ /ɲ/ and ⟨ss⟩. This alphabet is used in reintegrationism.
=== 23 letters ===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!Letter
|'''Letter'''
!Name
|'''Name'''
!IPA
|'''IPA'''
|'''Phonemic values'''
|-
|-
|A a
|A a
|a
|a
|[a]
|[a]
|/a/
|-
|-
|B b
|B b
|be
|be
|[b]
|[b]
|/b/
|-
|-
|C c
|C c
|ce
|ce
|[θ], [k]
|[θ], [k]
|/θ/  (+ e e i; /s/ in seseo zones); /k/  (+ a, o e u)
|-
|-
|D d
|D d
|de
|de
|[d]
|[d]
|/d/
|-
|-
|E e
|E e
|e
|e
|[e], [ɛ]
|[e], [ɛ]
|/e/,  /ɛ/
|-
|-
|F f
|F f
|efe
|efe
|[f]
|[f]
|/f/
|-
|-
|G g
|G g
|gue
|gue
|[g]
|[g]
|/ɡ/ (/x/  in gheada zones)
|-
|-
|H h
|H h
|hache
|hache
|Ø
|Ø
|silent
|-
|-
|I i
|I i
|i
|i
|[i]
|[i]
|/i/,  /j/
|-
|-
|L l
|L l
|ele
|ele
|[l]
|[l]
|/l/
|-
|-
|M m
|M m
|eme
|eme
|[m]
|[m]
|/m/
|-
|-
|N n
|N n
|ene
|ene
|[n]
|[n]
|/n/
|-
|-
|Ñ ñ
|Ñ ñ
|eñe
|eñe
|[ɲ]
|[ɲ]
|/ɲ/
|-
|-
|O o
|O o
|o
|o
|[o], [ɔ]
|[o], [ɔ]
|/o/,  /ɔ/
|-
|-
|P p
|P p
|pe
|pe
|[p]
|[p]
|/p/
|-
|-
|Q q
|Q q
|que
|que
|[k]
|[k]
|/k/
|-
|-
|R r
|R r
|erre
|erre
|[ɾ], [r]
|[ɾ], [r]
|/r/,  /ɾ/
|-
|-
|S s
|S s
|ese
|ese
|[s͇]
|[s͇]
|/s/
|-
|-
|T t
|T t
|te
|te
|[t]
|[t]
|/t/
|-
|-
|U u
|U u
|u
|u
|[u]
|[u]
|/u/,  /w/
|-
|-
|V v
|V v
|uve
|uve
|[b]
|[b]
|/b/
|-
|-
|X x
|X x
|xe
|xe
|[ʃ], [ks͇]
|[ʃ], [ks͇]
|/ʃ/,  /ks/
|-
|-
|Z z
|Z z
|zeta
|zeta
|[θ]
|[θ]
|/θ/ (/s/  in seseo zones)
|}
|}
=== 6 digraphs ===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!Digraph
!'''Digraph'''
!Name
!'''Name'''
!Phonemic values
!'''Phonemic values'''
|-
|-
|ch
|ch
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|}
|}


==English Pronunciation==
==Pronunciation Equivalent in English==
 
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!Galician Letter
|'''Galician Letter'''
!English Approximant
|'''English Approximant'''
|'''Example'''
|-
|-
|A
|A
|ah
|ah
|a  as in apple
|-
|-
|B
|B
|b
|b
|b as in book
|-
|-
|CA / CO / CU
|CA / CO / CU
|kah / koh / kou
|kah / koh / kou
|c as in city before I,e,y, or as in cat elsewhere
|-
|-
|CE / CI
|CE / CI
|seh / sih
|seh / sih
|
|-
|-
|CH
|CH
|ch
|ch
|
|-
|-
|D
|D
|d
|d
|d as in day
|-
|-
|E
|E
|eh
|eh
|e as in elephant
|-
|-
|F
|F
|f
|f
|f as in friend
|-
|-
|GA / GO / GU
|GA / GO / GU
|gah / goh / gou
|gah / goh / gou
|
|-
|-
|GE / GI
|GE / GI
|heh / hih
|heh / hih
|
|-
|-
|H
|H
|no sound
|no sound
|slient
|-
|-
|I
|I
|ih
|ih
|I as in India
|-
|-
|J
|J
|zh
|zh
|only in foreign words
|-
|-
|K
|K
|k
|k
|only in foreign words
|-
|-
|L
|L
|l
|l
|l as in life
|-
|-
|LL
|LL
|lih
|lih
|
|-
|-
|M
|M
|m
|m
|m as in many
|-
|-
|N
|N
|n
|n
|n as in noon
|-
|-
|Ñ
|Ñ
|nih
|nih
|ny as in Espanya (España)
|-
|-
|O
|O
|oh
|oh
|o as in opera
|-
|-
|P
|P
|p
|p
|p as in people
|-
|-
|Q
|Q
|k
|k
|q as in squid
|-
|-
|R
|R
|r
|r
|r as in Roma
|-
|-
|S
|S
|s
|s
|s as in smile
|-
|-
|T
|T
|t
|t
|t as in tomorrow
|-
|-
|U
|U
|ou
|ou
|u as in ultimate
|-
|-
|V
|V
|b
|b
|v as in bath
|-
|-
|W
|W
|u
|u
|only in foreign words
|-
|-
|X
|X
|sh / ks
|sh / ks
|sh as in shy
|-
|-
|Y
|Y
|ih
|ih
|only in foreign words
|-
|-
|Z
|Z
|s
|s
|s as in super
|}
|}


== Video ==
== Video ==

Revision as of 15:46, 29 May 2022

Galician Alphabet and Pronunciation
Alphabet and Pronunciation in Galician

Hello Galician learners 😊,


In today’s lesson we are going to study how to write and pronounce the Galician alphabet. Galician is spoken mainly in Galicia, an autonomous community located in northwestern Spain where it is co-official with Spanish. The Galician alphabet is used to write the Galician language. You will find in the table below the different letters of its alphabet and their pronunciation.


Alphabet and Pronunciation in Galician

According to the modern and official standard, it has 23 letters and 6 digraphs, in addition to a few letters (⟨j⟩, ⟨k⟩, ⟨w⟩ and ⟨y⟩) used in foreign words, abbreviations and international symbols. As in Portuguese, all letters are masculine.

  • Note: In medieval Galician there were also the letters: ⟨j⟩ /ʃ/, ⟨g⟩ (/ʃ/ preceding e and i), ⟨ç⟩ (/θ/; /s/ in areas with sigmatism), and the digraphs ⟨lh⟩ /ʎ/, ⟨nh⟩ /ɲ/ and ⟨ss⟩. This alphabet is used in reintegrationism.

23 letters

Letter Name IPA Phonemic values
A a a [a] /a/
B b be [b] /b/
C c ce [θ], [k] /θ/ (+ e e i; /s/ in seseo zones); /k/ (+ a, o e u)
D d de [d] /d/
E e e [e], [ɛ] /e/, /ɛ/
F f efe [f] /f/
G g gue [g] /ɡ/ (/x/ in gheada zones)
H h hache Ø silent
I i i [i] /i/, /j/
L l ele [l] /l/
M m eme [m] /m/
N n ene [n] /n/
Ñ ñ eñe [ɲ] /ɲ/
O o o [o], [ɔ] /o/, /ɔ/
P p pe [p] /p/
Q q que [k] /k/
R r erre [ɾ], [r] /r/, /ɾ/
S s ese [s͇] /s/
T t te [t] /t/
U u u [u] /u/, /w/
V v uve [b] /b/
X x xe [ʃ], [ks͇] /ʃ/, /ks/
Z z zeta [θ] /θ/ (/s/ in seseo zones)

6 digraphs

Digraph Name Phonemic values
ch ce hache /tʃ/
gu gue u /g/
ll ele dobre /ʎ/
nh ene hache /ŋ/
qu que u /k/
rr erre dobre /r/

Pronunciation Equivalent in English

Galician Letter English Approximant Example
A ah a as in apple
B b b as in book
CA / CO / CU kah / koh / kou c as in city before I,e,y, or as in cat elsewhere
CE / CI seh / sih
CH ch
D d d as in day
E eh e as in elephant
F f f as in friend
GA / GO / GU gah / goh / gou
GE / GI heh / hih
H no sound slient
I ih I as in India
J zh only in foreign words
K k only in foreign words
L l l as in life
LL lih
M m m as in many
N n n as in noon
Ñ nih ny as in Espanya (España)
O oh o as in opera
P p p as in people
Q k q as in squid
R r r as in Roma
S s s as in smile
T t t as in tomorrow
U ou u as in ultimate
V b v as in bath
W u only in foreign words
X sh / ks sh as in shy
Y ih only in foreign words
Z s s as in super

Video

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