Difference between revisions of "Language/Mandinka/Pronunciation/Alphabet-and-Pronunciation"
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=== Vowels === | === Vowels === | ||
Vowel | Vowel may be long or short: | ||
* vowels: a e i o u | * vowels: a e i o u | ||
* long vowels: aa ee ii oo uu | * long vowels: aa ee ii oo uu |
Revision as of 19:55, 27 January 2022
Al be ñaading, Mandinka Learners! 😃
➡ In today's lesson you will learn how to write and pronounce the Mandinka alphabets.
Happy learning!
Overview
Writing
Mandinka sometimes uses the Latin alphabet and sometimes the Arabic alphabet, the use of the latter being more traditional.
But since 1949 there has also been a new script specific to the Mande languages, n'ko, developed by the Guinean linguist Souleymane Kante.
Latin Alphabet
Consonants
Latin | ('), aa, ee | (', with madda ŋ) | b, p | t | t | t | c, j | h | h | d | r | s | s (sh) | s | s | s | f | l | m | n, ñ, ŋ | w | y | k, g | la |
---|
Vowels
Latin | a, e | i, e, ee | o, u | (no following vowel) | e | aŋ, eŋ | iŋ, eeŋ, eŋ | oŋ, uŋ | aa | ii | oo, uu |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mandinka names of Arabic marks: | sira tilidiŋo; | sira tilidiŋo duuma; | ŋoo biriŋo; | sira murumuruliŋo; | tambi baa duuma; | sira tilindiŋo fula; | sira tilindiŋo duuma fula; | ŋoo biriŋo fula. |
Arabic Alphabet
Consonants
Arabic | ا | ع | ب | ت | ط | ض | ج | ه | ح | خ | د | ر | س | ش | ص | ث | ظ | ڢ | ل | م | ن | و | ي | ك | لا |
---|
Vowels
Arabic | ـَ | ـِ | ـُ | ـْ | ـִ | ـً | ـٍ | ـٌ | ـَا | ـِي | ـُو |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mandinka names of Arabic marks: | sira tilidiŋo; | sira tilidiŋo duuma; | ŋoo biriŋo; | sira murumuruliŋo; | tambi baa duuma; | sira tilindiŋo fula; | sira tilindiŋo duuma fula; | ŋoo biriŋo fula. |
N'ko
Vowels
ô
/ɔ/ |
o
/o/ |
ou
/u/ |
è
/ɛ/ |
i
/i/ |
é
/e/ |
a
/a/ |
ߐ | ߏ | ߎ | ߍ | ߌ | ߋ | ߊ |
Consonants
ra
/ɾa/ |
da
/da/ |
tcha
/t͡ʃa/ |
dja
/d͡ʒa/ |
ta
/ta/ |
pa
/pa/ |
ba
/ba/ |
ߙ | ߘ | ߗ | ߖ | ߕ | ߔ | ߓ |
ma
/ma/ |
la
/la/ |
ka
/ka/ |
fa
/fa/ |
gba
/ɡ͡ba/ |
sa
/sa/ |
rra
/ra/ |
ߡ | ߟ | ߞ | ߝ | ߜ | ߛ | ߚ |
n'
/n̩/ |
ya
/ja/ |
wa
/wa/ |
ha
/ha/ |
na
/na/ |
nya
/ɲa/ | |
ߒ | ߦ | ߥ | ߤ | ߣ | ߢ |
Phonology
Tone
Mandinka has two tones, high and low.
- /búŋ/ 'a room' > /búŋò/ 'the room
- /tèŋ/ 'a palm tree' > /tèŋô/ 'the palm tree'
- /kídí/ 'a gun' > /kídòò/ 'the gun'
- /kòrdàà/ 'a house' > /kòrdáà/ 'the house'
In Senegal and Gambia, Mandinka is approaching a system of pitch accent under the influence of local non-tonal languages such as Wolof, Serer, and Jola.
Vowels
Vowel may be long or short:
- vowels: a e i o u
- long vowels: aa ee ii oo uu
Consonants
- consonants: b c d f g h j k l m n ñ ŋ pr s t w y
The letter g is rare.
Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | ɲ ⟨ñ⟩ | ŋ | ||
Stop | voiceless | (p) | t | t͡ʃ ⟨c⟩ | k | |
voiced | b | d | d͡ʒ ⟨j⟩ | (g) | ||
Fricative | voiceless | f | s | h | ||
Approximant | w | l (r) | j ⟨y⟩ |
Videos
Mandinka Alphabet
How to write the N'ko alphabet (ߒߞߏ) of West Africa: A tutorial!
ARABIC ALPHABET IN ENGLISH AND MANDINKA
Sources
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandinka_language
- https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%27ko
- https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandinka
- https://omniglot.com/writing/mandinka.htm
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XMOCUQE4XI8
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2SwHBlUNPko&vl=en
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nlVff252f3E