Difference between revisions of "Language/Latin/Grammar/Parts-of-speech-Latin"

From Polyglot Club WIKI
< Language‎ | Latin‎ | Grammar
Jump to navigation Jump to search
m (Participe in English and French)
Line 10: Line 10:


the other '''3''' ('''conjunction, preposition, and interjection''') are invariable.
the other '''3''' ('''conjunction, preposition, and interjection''') are invariable.
 
===Noun===
'''1. Noun''' is a word used to express the name of a person, place, thing, or idea.
'''The noun''' is a word used to express the name of a person, place, thing, or idea.


'''Nouns''' have gender: '''masculine, feminine, or neuter'''
'''Nouns''' have gender: '''masculine, feminine, or neuter'''
Line 35: Line 35:
|}
|}
'''*This case is used in syntax, as in Ancient Greek'''
'''*This case is used in syntax, as in Ancient Greek'''
===Pronoun===
a word used in place of a noun.
====Personal pronoun====


'''2.''' '''Pronoun''' : a word used in place of a noun.
The personal pronoun is not expressed if it is clear from the context who is the subject of the verb, since the verb ending indicates the subject.
 
====Reflexive pronoun====
'''a)  '''Personal pronoun *
refers to subject of sentence
 
====Interrogative pronoun====
'''b)  '''Reflexive pronoun - refers to subject of sentence
====Demonstrative pronoun ====
 
====Relative pronoun ====
'''c)  '''Interrogative pronoun
in subordinate clauses
 
====Possessive pronoun ====
'''d)  '''Demonstrative pronoun
 
'''e)  '''Relative pronoun (in subordinate clauses).
 
'''f)   '''Possessive pronoun
 
'''g)  '''Indefinite pronoun 
 
'''*The''' personal pronoun is not expressed if it is clear from the context who is the subject of the verb,  
 
since the verb ending indicates the subject.
 
'''3. Adjective''' : a word that describes a noun or pronoun
 
'''4. Verb''' : a word that expresses an action or condition 


'''5.''' '''Adverbs : ''' a word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. 
====Indefinite pronoun  ====


'''6.''' '''Conjunction''' : a word that joins words, phrases, or clauses
===Adjective===
a word that describes a noun or pronoun


'''7.''' '''Preposition''' : a word that shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun and another word in the sentence. 
===Verb===
a word that expresses an action or condition 


'''8.''' '''Interjection :''' an expression of emotion, thrown in among, but grammatically independent of, the other words of the sentence
===Adverbs ===
a word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. 
===Conjunction===
a word that joins words, phrases, or clauses


'''9.''' '''Participle :''' a word that come from a verb but looks and behaves like an adjective. It describes a noun or pronoun and agrees with the noun, it modifies in number, gender and case.
===Preposition===
a word that shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun and another word in the sentence. 
===Interjection ===
an expression of emotion, thrown in among, but grammatically independent of, the other words of the sentence. 
===Participle ===
a word that come from a verb but looks and behaves like an adjective. It describes a noun or pronoun and agrees with the noun, it modifies in number, gender and case.


== '''Français''' ==
== '''Français''' ==

Revision as of 14:45, 12 June 2021

Rome 27 395.png
Parts of speech Latin

English

There are nine parts (including the participle) of speech in Latin :

noun, pronoun, adjective, verb, adverb, conjunction, preposition, interjection. There is no article in Latin.

Of the eight parts of speech in Latin, 5 are inflected (noun, pronoun, adjective, verb, adverb);

the other 3 (conjunction, preposition, and interjection) are invariable.

Noun

The noun is a word used to express the name of a person, place, thing, or idea.

Nouns have gender: masculine, feminine, or neuter

Number: Singular or Plural

Case: Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative, Ablative

 Casus - Case : Singular – Plural
Nominative (nominativus)
Accusative (accusativus)
Genitive (genetivus)
Dative (dativus)
Ablative (ablativus)*
Vocative (vocativus)

*This case is used in syntax, as in Ancient Greek

Pronoun

a word used in place of a noun.

Personal pronoun

The personal pronoun is not expressed if it is clear from the context who is the subject of the verb, since the verb ending indicates the subject.

Reflexive pronoun

refers to subject of sentence

Interrogative pronoun

Demonstrative pronoun

Relative pronoun

in subordinate clauses

Possessive pronoun

Indefinite pronoun 

Adjective

a word that describes a noun or pronoun. 

Verb

a word that expresses an action or condition 

Adverbs

a word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. 

Conjunction

a word that joins words, phrases, or clauses. 

Preposition

a word that shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun and another word in the sentence. 

Interjection

an expression of emotion, thrown in among, but grammatically independent of, the other words of the sentence. 

Participle

a word that come from a verb but looks and behaves like an adjective. It describes a noun or pronoun and agrees with the noun, it modifies in number, gender and case.

Français

Les parties du discours Latin

Il y a neuf (y compris la participe) parties du discours en latin :

Le nom, le pronom, l'adjectif, le verbe, l'adverbe, la conjonction, la préposition et l'interjection. Il n'y a pas d'article en latin. 

1 . Le Nom est un mot utilisé pour exprimer une personne, un lieu, une chose ou une idée.

Les noms ont trois genres: masculin, féminin et neutre

Nombre : Singulier et Pluriel

Cas : Nominatif, Génitif, Datif, Accusatif, Ablatif.

Casus - Case : Singular – Plural
Nominative (nominativus)
Accusative (accusativus)
Genitive (genetivus)
Dative (dativus)
Ablative (ablativus)*
Vocative (vocativus)

*Ce cas est utilisé au syntaxe, comme dans Grec Ancien

2. Pronom : est un mot utilisé à la place d'un nom.

a) Pronom personnel *

b) Pronom réfléchi - fait référence au sujet de la phrase

c) Pronom interrogatif

d) Pronom démonstratif

e) Pronom relatif (dans les propositions subordonnées).

f) Pronom possessif

g) Pronom indéfini

*Le pronom personnel n'est pas exprimé s'il ressort clairement du contexte qui est le sujet du verbe,

puisque la terminaison du verbe indique le sujet à tous temps, le pluriel ou le singulier.

3. Adjectif : un mot qui décrit un nom ou un pronom. 

4. Verbe : un mot qui exprime une action ou une condition 

5. Adverbes : un mot qui modifie un verbe, un adjectif ou un autre adverbe. 

6. Conjonction : un mot qui joint des mots, des phrases ou des clauses. 

7. Préposition : un mot qui montre la relation entre un nom ou un pronom et un autre mot dans la phrase. 

8. Interjection: une expression d'émotion, jetée entre les autres mots de la phrase, mais grammaticalement indépendante de celles-ci. 

9. Participe : sont formes adjectivales du verbe. Ils se déclinent donc comme des adjectifs et s'accordent en nombre,genre et cas avec le nom auquel ils se rapportent.

Ελληνικά

Τα μέρη  λόγου στα Λατινικά είναι εννέα:

ουσιαστικό, αντωνυμία, επίθετο, ρήμα, επίρρημα, σύνδεσμος, πρόθεση και το επιφώνημα. Δεν υπάρχει άρθρο στα Λατινικά.

Από τα οκτώ μέρη της ομιλίας στα Λατινικά, τα 5 έχουν κλίση (ουσιαστικό, αντωνυμία, επίθετο, ρήμα, επίρρημα).

τα άλλα 3 (σύνδεσμος, πρόθεση και επιφώνημα) είναι αμετάβλητα.

1. Ουσιαστικό (substantīvum)είναι μια λέξη που χρησιμοποιείται για να εκφράσει το όνομα ενός ατόμου, τόπου, αντικειμένου ή ιδέας.

Τα ουσιαστικά έχουν φύλο: αρσενικό, θηλυκό και ουδέτερο

Αριθμός : ενικός και πληθυντικός

Πτώσεις : Nominative, Accusative Genitive, Dative, Ablative.

Casus - Case : Singular – Plural
Nominative (nominativus)
Accusative (accusativus)
Genitive (genetivus)
Dative (dativus)
Ablative (ablativus)*
Vocative (vocativus)

3. Επίθετο (adiectīvum): λέξη που περιγράφει ένα ουσιαστικό ή μια αντωνυμία.

4. ρήμα (verbum): λέξη που εκφράζει  ενέργεια ή κατάσταση του υποκείμενου

5. Επίρρημα: (Adverbia) λέξη που τροποποιεί ένα ρήμα, ένα επίθετο ή άλλο επίρρημα.

6. Σύνδεσμος (Coniunctiōnes) λέξη που ενώνει λέξεις, φράσεις ή προτάσεις.

7. Πρόθεση: (Praepositiōnes) : λέξη που δείχνει τη σχέση μεταξύ ενός ουσιαστικού ή αντωνυμίας και μιας άλλης λέξης στην πρόταση.

8. Επιφωνήματα (Interiectiōnes) : μια έκφραση συναισθήματος, που απορρέει μεταξύ άλλων, αλλά γραμματικά ανεξάρτητη από τις άλλες λέξεις της πρότασης.

9. Μετοχή (participium)