Language/Multiple-languages/Culture/Historical-Periods

Hi, polyglots.

When you decide to pick up the history of a region, you are facing a lot of events and figures. Here is a list of the most significant of them, starting from neolithic periods.

In progress

China

period	time span	event	figure	literature	technology	artwork
Yellow River civilisation	c. 7500 BC – c. 1400 BC
Yangtze River civilisation	c. 7000 BC – c. 1600 BC
Liáo River civilisation	c. 7000 BC – c. 500 BC
Xià dynasty	c. 2070 BC – c. 1600 BC
Shāng dynasty	c. 1600 BC – c. 1046 BC
Zhōu dynasty: Western Zhōu	1046 BC – 771 BC
Spring and Autumn (Zhōu dynasty: Eastern Zhōu)	c. 770 BC – c. 476 BC (771 BC – 256 BC)
Warring States (Zhōu dynasty: Eastern Zhōu)	475 BC – 221 BC (771 BC – 256 BC)
Qín dynasty	221 BC – 207 BC
Hàn dynasty: Western Hàn	206 BC – 9
Xīn dynasty	9 – 23
Hàn dynasty: Eastern Hàn	25 – 220
Three Kingdoms	220 – 280
Jìn dynasty: Western Jìn	266 – 316
Jìn dynasty: Eastern Jìn	317 – 420
Sixteen Kingdoms	304 – 439
Northern and Southern dynasties	420 – 589
Suí dynasty	581 – 618
Táng dynasty	618 – 907
Wǔ Zhōu	690 – 705
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms	907 – 979
Liáo dynasty	916 – 1125
Sòng dynasty: Northern Sòng	960 – 1127
Sòng dynasty: Southern Sòng	1127 – 1279
Western Xià	1038 – 1227
Jīn dynasty	1115 – 1234
Yuán dynasty	1271 – 1368
Míng dynasty	1368 – 1644
Qīng dynasty	1644 – 1912
Republic of China	1912 –
People's Republic of China	1949 –

Egypt

period	time span	event	figure	literature	technology	artwork
Predynastic Period	c. 6000 BC – c. 3000 BC
Early Dynastic Period	3150 BC – 2686 BC
Old Kingdom	2686 BC – 2181 BC
First Intermediate Period	2181 BC – 2055 BC
Middle Kingdom	2055 BC – 1650 BC
Second Intermediate Period	1650 BC – 1550 BC
New Kingdom	1550 BC – 1069 BC
Third Intermediate Period	1069 BC – 664 BC
Late Period	664 BC – 332 BC
Argead dynasty	332 BC – 310 BC
Ptolemaic dynasties	310 BC – 30 BC
Roman rule in Egypt	30 BC – 641
Sasanian rule in Egypt	619 – 629
Rashidun Caliphate	641 – 661
Umayyad Caliphate	661 – 750
Abbasid Caliphate	750 – 935
Tulunid dynasty	868 – 905
Ikhshidid dynasty	935 – 969
Fatimid dynasty	969– 1171
Ayyubid dynasty	1171 – 1250
Mamluk dynasty	1250 – 1517
Ottoman rule in Egypt	1517 – 1867
French campaign in Egypt	1798 – 1801
Muhammad Ali dynasty	1805 – 1953
Khedivate of Egypt	1867 – 1914
British rule in Egypt	1882 – 1922
Sultanate of Egypt	1914 – 1922
Kingdom of Egypt	1922 – 1953
Republic of Egypt	1953 –

France

period	time span	event	figure	literature	technology	artwork
Linear Pottery culture	c. 5500 BC – c. 4500 BC
Rössen culture	c. 4600 BC – c. 4300 BC
Cerny culture	c. 4700 BC – c. 4000 BC
Chasséen culture	c. 4500 BC – c. 3500 BC
Seine–Oise–Marne culture	c. 3100 BC – c. 2000 BC
Bell Beaker culture	c. 2800 BC – c. 1800 BC
Artenacian culture	c. 2600 BC – c. 2400 BC
Rhône culture	c. 2200 BC – c. 1500 BC
Armorican Tumulus culture	c. 2200 BC – c. 1400 BC
Tumulus culture	c. 1600 BC – c. 1200 BC
Urnfield culture	c. 1300 BC – c. 750 BC
Hallstatt culture	c. 1200 BC – c. 450 BC
La Tène culture	c. 450 BC — c. 1 BC
Greeks in Gaul	c. 600 BC – 49 BC
Roman Gaul	50 BC – 486
Merovingian dynasty (Francia)	c. 481 – 751 (c. 509 – 840)
Carolingian dynasty (Francia)	751 – 987 (c. 509 – 840)
West Francia	843 – 987
Direct Capetian kings (Kingdom of France)	987 – 1328 (987 – 1792, 1814 – 1815, 1815 – 1848)
Valois kings (Kingdom of France)	1328 – 1498 (987 – 1792, 1814 – 1815, 1815 – 1848)
Valois-Orléans kings (Kingdom of France)	1498 – 1515 (987 – 1792, 1814 – 1815, 1815 – 1848)
Valois-Angoulême kings (Kingdom of France)	1515 – 1589 (987 – 1792, 1814 – 1815, 1815 – 1848)
Bourbon kings (Kingdom of France)	1589 – 1792 (987 – 1792, 1814 – 1815, 1815 – 1848)
Kingdom of France [partial] (Kingdom of France)	1791 – 1792 (987 – 1792, 1814 – 1815, 1815 – 1848)
First Republic	1792 – 1804
First Empire	1804 – 1814
Bourbon Restoration	1814 – 1830
July Monarchy	1830 – 1848
Second Republic	1848 – 1852
Second Empire	1852 – 1870
Third Republic	1870 – 1940
Free France	1940 – 1944
Vichy France	1940 – 1944
Provisional Republic	1944 – 1946
Fourth Republic	1946 – 1958
Fifth Republic	1958 –

Greece

period	time span	event	figure	literature	technology	artwork
Pelasgians	c. 7000 BC – c. 3200 BC
Helladic civilisation	c. 3200 BC – c. 1050 BC
Cycladic civilisation	c. 3100 BC – c. 1000 BC
Minoan civilisation	c. 3100 BC – c. 1100 BC
Mycenaean civilisation	c. 1750 BC – c. 1050 BC
Greek Dark Ages	c. 1200 BC – c. 800 BC
Archaic Greece	c. 800 BC – 480 BC
Classical Greece	510 BC – 323 BC
Hellenistic Greece	323 BC – 31 BC
Roman rule in Greece	146 BC – 330
Constantinian dynasty (Byzantine Greece)	306 – 363 (330 – 1460)
Valentinian dynasty (Byzantine Greece)	364 – 392, 425 – 455 (330 – 1460)
Theodosian dynasty (Byzantine Greece)	379 – 457 (330 – 1460)
Leonid dynasty (Byzantine Greece)	457 – 518 (330 – 1460)
Justinian dynasty (Byzantine Greece)	518 – 602 (330 – 1460)
Heraclian dynasty (Byzantine Greece)	610 – 711 (330 – 1460)
Isaurian dynasty (Byzantine Greece)	717 – 802 (330 – 1460)
Nikephorian dynasty (Byzantine Greece)	802 – 813 (330 – 1460)
Amorian dynasty (Byzantine Greece)	820 – 860 (330 – 1460)
Macedonian dynasty (Byzantine Greece)	867 – 1056 (330 – 1460)
Doukas dynasty (Byzantine Greece)	1059 – 1081 (330 – 1460)
Komnenos dynasty (Byzantine Greece)	1081 – 1185 (330 – 1460)
Angelos dynasty (Byzantine Greece)	1185 – 1204 (330 – 1460)
Palaiologos dynasty (Byzantine Greece)	1261 – 1453 (330 – 1460)
Kingdom of Candia	1205 – 1667
Venetian rule in the Ionian Islands	1363 – 1797
Ottoman rule in Greece	1371 – 1912
Republic of the Seven Islands	1800 – 1807
Greek War of Independence	1821 – 1829
First Hellenic Republic	1822 – 1832
Kingdom of Greece	1832 – 1924
Second Hellenic Republic	1924 – 1935
4th of August Regime	1936 – 1941
Occupation of Greece by the Axis	1941 – 1944
Greek Civil War	1946 – 1949
Greek junta	1967 – 1974
Third Hellenic Republic	1974 –

India

period	time span	event	figure	literature	technology	artwork
Indus Valley civilisation	c. 3300 BC – c. 1700 BC
Cemetery H Culture	c. 1700 BC – c. 1500 BC
Vedic period	c. 1500 BC – c. 500 BC
Mahājanapadas	c. 600 BC – c. 345 BC
Magadha: Haryanka dynasty	544 BC – 413 BC
Magadha: Shaishunaga dynasty	413 BC – 345 BC
Magadha: Nanda dynasty	345 BC – 322 BC
Magadha: Maurya dynasty	322 BC – 184 BC
Magadha: Shunga dynasty	187 BC – 73 BC
Magadha: Kanva dynasty	75 BC – 28 BC
Chola dynasty	c. 4th century BC – 1279
Pandyan dynasty	400 BC – 1618
Satavahana dynasty	c. 30 BC – c. 220
Kushan Empire	30 – 375
Gupta Empire	c. 240 – c. 550
Chalukya dynasty	c. 500 – c. 647
Pushyabhuti dynasty	c. 606 – c. 647
Karkota dynasty	625 – 855
Tripartite Struggle	c. 760 – c. 973
Western Chalukya Empire	973 – 1184
Delhi Sultanate	1206 – 1526
Vijayanagara Empire	1336 – 1646
Bengal Sultanate	1342 – 1576
Mughal dynasty	1526 – 1857
Sur Empire	1538 – 1555
Maratha Confederacy	1674 – 1818
Company rule in India	1757 – 1858
Kingdom of Mysore	1760 – 1799
Sikh Empire	1799 – 1849
The Great Rebellion	1857 – 1858
British Raj	1858 – 1947
Union of India	1947 – 1950
Republic of India	1950 –

Iran

period	time span	event	figure	literature	technology	artwork
Shulaveri–Shomu culture	c. 6000 BC – 5000 BC
Zayandeh River culture	6th millennium BC
Dalma culture	5th millennium BC
Kura–Araxes culture	c. 3400 BC – c. 2000 BC
Proto-Elamite period	c. 3100 BC – c. 2700 BC
Jiroft culture	c. 2500 BC – c. 2200 BC
Lullubi Kingdom	c. 3100 BC – 675 BC
Elam	c. 3200 BC – 539 BC
Marhaši	c. 2550 BC – c. 2020 BC
Oxus Civilization	c. 2400 BC – c. 1700 BC
Akkadian Empire	c. 2334 BC – c. 2154 BC
Kassites	c. 1531 BC – c. 1155 BC
Avestan period	c. 1500 BC – c. 500 BC
Neo-Assyrian Empire	911 BC – 609 BC
Urartu	860 BC – 590 BC
Mannaea	850 BC – 616 BC
Zikirti	750 BC – 521 BC
Saparda	720 BC – 670 BC
Median Kingdom	c. 678 BC – c. 550 BC
Scythian Kingdom	652 BC – 625 BC
Anshanite Kingdom	635 BC – 550 BC
Neo-Babylonian Empire	626 BC – 539 BC
Sogdia	c. 6th century BC – 11th century
Achaemenid Empire	550 BC – 330 BC
Kingdom of Armenia	331 BC – 428
Atropatene	c. 323 BC – 226
Kingdom of Cappadocia	331 BC – 17
Seleucid Empire	312 BC – 63 BC
Kingdom of Pontus	281 BC – 62
Parthian Empire	247 BC – 224
Elymais	147 BC – 221/222
Characene	141 BC – 222
Darayanids	132 BC – 224
Indo-Parthian Kingdom	19 – 226
Paratarajas	c.125 – c.30
Sasanian Empire	224 – 651
Zarmihrid dynasty	6th century – 785
Qarinvand dynasty	c. 550 –11th century
Rashidun Caliphate	641 – 661
Umayyad Caliphate	661 – 750
Abbasid Caliphate	750 – 935
Dabuyid dynasty	642 – 760
Bavand dynasty	651 – 1349
Masmughans of Damavand	651 – 760
Baduspanids	665 – 1598
Justanids	791 – 11th century
Alavids	864 – 900, 914 – 928
Tahirid dynasty	821 – 873
Samanid Empire	819 – 999
Saffarid dynasty	861 – 1002
Ghurid dynasty	786 – 1215
Sajid dynasty	889 – 929
Sallarid dynasty	919 – 1062
Ziyarid dynasty	931 – 1090
Banu Ilyas	932 – 968
Buyid dynasty	934 – 1062
Rawadid dynasty	955 – 1071
Hasanwayhids	959 – 1015
Ghaznavids	977 – 1186
Annazids	990/991 – 1117
Kakuyids	1008 – 1141
Nasrid dynasty	1029 – 1225
Shabankara	1030 – 1424
Seljuk Empire	1037 – 1194
Anushtegin dynasty	1077 – 1231
Eldiguzids	1136 – 1225
Atabegs of Yazd	1141 – 1319
Salghurids	1148 – 1282
Hazaraspids	1115 – 1424
Pishkinid dynasty	1155 – 1231
Khorshidi dynasty	1184 – 1597
Qutlugh-Khanids	1222 – 1306
Mihrabanids	1236 – 1537
Kartids	1244 – 1381
Ilkhanids	1256 – 1335
Chobanids	1338 – 1357
Muzaffarids	1314 – 1393
Jalayirid Sultanate	1335 – 1432
Sarbadars	1337 – 1381
Injuids	1335 – 1357
Afrasiyab dynasty	1349 – 1504
Marashis	1359 – 1596
Timurid Empire	1370 – 1507
Kar-Kiya dynasty	1370s – 1592
Qara Qoyunlu	1374 – 1468
Aq Qoyunlu	1378 – 1503
Safavid Iran	1501 – 1736
Afsharid Iran	1736 – 1796
Zand dynasty	1751 – 1794
Qajar Iran	1789 – 1925
Pahlavi Iran	1925 – 1979
Islamic Republic of Iran	1979 –

Iraq

period	time span	event	figure	literature	technology	artwork
Hassuna culture	c. 7000 BC – c. 6000 BC
Halaf culture	c. 6100 BC – c. 5100 BC
Halaf-Ubaid Transitional period	c. 5500 BC – c. 5000 BC
Samarra culture	c. 5500 BC – c. 4800 BC
Ubaid period	c. 5500 BC – c. 3700 BC
Sumer	c. 5500 BC – c. 1800 BC
Uruk period	c. 4000 BC – c. 3100 BC
Jemdet Nasr period	c. 3100 BC – c. 2900 BC
Akkadian Empire	c. 2334 BC – c. 2154 BC
Gutian dynasty	c. 2141 BC – c. 2050 BC
Neo-Sumerian Empire	c. 2112 BC – c. 2004 BC
Isin-Larsa period	c. 2025 BC – c. 1763 BC
Assyria	c. 2025 BC – 609 BC
Simurrum	c. 2000 BC – c. 1500 BC
Old Babylonian Empire	c. 1894 BC – c. 1595 BC
Kassites	c. 1531 BC – c. 1155 BC
Middle Assyrian Empire	c. 1363 BC – 912 BC
Neo-Assyrian Empire	911 BC–609 BC
Neo-Babylonian Empire	626 BC – 539 BC
Athura	539 BC – 330 BC
Seleucid Empire	312 BC – 63 BC
Parthian Empire	247 BC – 224
Mesopotamia Province	116–117, 198–637
Asoristan	226 – 637
Rashidun Caliphate	641 – 661
Umayyad Caliphate	661 – 750
Abbasid Caliphate	750 – 935
Hamdanid dynasty	890 – 1004
Buyid dynasty	934 – 1062
Marwanids	983/990 – 1084
Uqaylid dynasty	990 – 1096
Mazyadids	c.961 – c.1160
Ayyubid dynasty	1171 – 1260/1341
Seljuk Empire	1037 – 1194
Eldiguzids	1136 – 1225
Zengid dynasty	1127 – 1250
Ilkhanids	1256 – 1335
Jalayirid Sultanate	1335 – 1432
Timurid Empire	1370 – 1507
Qara Qoyunlu	1374 – 1468
Aq Qoyunlu	1378 – 1503
Safavid Iran	1501 – 1736
Ottoman Empire	c. 1299 – 1922
Mamluk dynasty	1704 – 1831
Kingdom of Iraq under British Administration	1921 – 1932
Hashemite Kingdom of	1932 – 1958
First Iraqi Republic	1958 – 1968
Ba'athist Iraq	1968 – 2003
Republic of Iraq	2003 –

Italy

period	time span	event	figure	literature	technology	artwork
Linear Pottery culture	c. 5500 BC – c. 4500 BC
Stentinello culture	5th millennium BC
San Ciriaco culture	c. 4500 BC – c. 4000 BC
Bonu Ighinu culture	c. 4500 BC – c. 3500 BC
Bell Beaker culture	c. 2800 BC – c. 1800 BC
Abealzu-Filigosa culture	c. 2700 BC – c. 2400 BC
Nuragic civilisation	18th century BC – 238 BC
Etruscans	900 BC – 27 BC
Magna Graecia	8th century BC – 3rd century BC
Roman Kingdom	753 BC – 509 BC
Roman Republic	c. 509 BC – 27 BC
Roman Empire	27 BC – 395
Western Roman Empire	395 – 476/480
Vandal Kingdom	435 – 534
Ostrogothic Kingdom	469 – 553
Odoacer's kingdom	476 – 493
Kingdom of the Lombards	568 – 774
Byzantine rule in Italy	584 – 751
Papal States	756 – 1870
Republic of Venice	697 – 1797
Imperial Italy	855 – 1801
Arab rule in southern Italy	827 – 880
Norman rule in southern Italy	999 – 1194
Republic of Genoa	1099 – 1797, 1814 – 1815
Republic of Florence	1115 – 1569
Republic of Siena	1125 – 1555
Kingdom of Sicily	1130 – 1816
Kingdom of Naples	1282 – 1806, 1815 – 1816
Kingdom of Italy	1861 – 1946
Italian Republic	1946 –

Japan

period	time span	event	figure	literature	technology	artwork
Jōmon period [includes paleolithic period]	c. 14000 BC – c. 1000 BC
Yayoi period	c. 1000 BC – c. 300
Kofun period	c. 300 – 538
Asuka period	538 – 710
Nara period	710 – 794
Heian period	794 – 1185
Kamakura period	1185 – 1333
Nanboku-chō period (Muromachi period)	1336 – 1392 (1336 – 1573)
Muromachi period [partial] (Muromachi period)	1392 – 1467 (1336 – 1573)
Sengoku period (Muromachi period)	1467 – 1573 (1336 – 1573)
Azuchi–Momoyama period	1573 – 1603
Edo period	1603 – 1868
Meiji period	1868 – 1912
Taishō period	1912 – 1926
Shōwa period	1926 – 1989
Heisei period	1989 – 2019
Reiwa period	2019 –