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<div class="pg_page_title">Slovak Grammar - Nouns</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">Slovak Grammar - Nouns</div>
Hi Slovak learners! 😊<br>In today's lesson, we will be discussing the basics of Slovak grammar, focusing on nouns. We will look at the different types of nouns, their gender, and how to form plurals. By the end of this lesson, you will have a better understanding of Slovak nouns and be able to use them correctly in your own writing.  
 
Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/slovak Slovak] learners! 😊<br>In this lesson, we will discuss Slovak nouns, which are an integral part of the language. Nouns are used to name people, places, things, and ideas. They can be singular or plural, masculine, feminine, or neutral. Learning the gender of a noun is important, as it determines how the noun declinates. Let's get started!
 
__TOC__
__TOC__


== Types of Nouns ==
== Gender ==
In Slovak, there are three genders: masculine, feminine, and neutral. Unlike some other languages, gender in Slovak is not tied to biological gender. For example, the word "muž" (man) is obviously masculine, but "dievča" (girl) is neutral. There are some patterns to help determine the gender of a noun, but many times, it simply must be memorized. For example, most words that end in "-a" are feminine, most words that end in a consonant are masculine, and most words that end in "-o" are neutral.
 
== Declination ==
Nouns in Slovak decline, which means they change their form depending on their role in the sentence. There are seven cases: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, locative, instrumental, and vocative. The endings for each case vary depending on the gender, and can be somewhat tricky to remember. However, practicing with examples is a great way to get the hang of it!


Nouns are words that refer to people, places, things, or ideas. In Slovak, there are two main types of nouns: common nouns and proper nouns.
Here are the endings for singular masculine, feminine, and neutral nouns:


=== Common Nouns ===
{| class="wikitable"
Common nouns are general words that refer to everyday objects, such as 'house', 'dog', or 'table'. They are not capitalized and can be used in both singular and plural forms.
! !! Masculine !! Feminine !! Neutral
|-
| Nominative || -o/-e || -a || -o/-e
|-
| Genitive || -a || -y/-i || -a
|-
| Dative || -ovi || -e/-i || -u
|-
| Accusative || -a || -u/-e || -o/-e
|-
| Locative || -o/-e || -e/-i || -e/-i
|-
| Instrumental || -om/-em || -ou/-ou || -om/-em
|-
| Vocative || -e || -a || -o/-e
|}


=== Proper Nouns ===
For example, let's learn how to decline the word "škola," which means "school." It is a feminine noun:
Proper nouns are specific names for people, places, or things. They are always capitalized and usually only used in the singular form. Examples of proper nouns include 'Bratislava', 'John', and 'Apple'.  


== Gender ==
{| class="wikitable"
In Slovak, nouns are either masculine, feminine, or neuter. This is known as grammatical gender. The gender of a noun affects the form of adjectives and articles that are used with it.
! Slovak !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| škola || shko-lah || school
|-
| školy || shko-li || of the school
|-
| škole || shko-le || to the school
|-
| školu || shko-lu || the school (accusative case)
|-
| škole || shko-le || in/at the school
|-
| školou || shko-lou || with the school
|-
| školo || shko-lo || oh school! (vocative case)
|}
 
As you can see from the above table, the word "škola" has different endings depending on its grammatical case.
 
== Plural Nouns ==
In addition to singular nouns, there are also plural nouns in Slovak. To form the plural, there are different rules depending on the gender and the ending of the noun. Here are a few examples:


Masculine nouns usually end in -a, -o, -e, or -i. Feminine nouns usually end in -a or -ia. Neuter nouns usually end in -o or -e.
* Masculine nouns ending in "c": change "c" to "ťe"
** lekár (doctor) -> lekári (doctors)
* Masculine nouns ending in a consonant: add "i"
** krát (time) -> kráty (times)
* Feminine nouns ending in "a": change "a" to "y"
** mama (mom) -> mamy (moms)
* Neutral nouns ending in "o": add "á"
** oko (eye) -> oči (eyes)


For example, the word 'dom' (house) is masculine, so it takes the masculine form of the article 'the': 'ten'. The word 'stol' (table) is neuter, so it takes the neuter form of the article 'the': 'to'.
== Dialogue ==


== Plurals ==
Person 1: Pozdravím susedu! ("I will greet the neighbor!")
In Slovak, nouns can be used in both singular and plural forms. To form the plural of a noun, you usually add -y or -i to the end of the word.  
Person 2: Ahoj, ako sa máš? ("Hi, how are you?")
Person 1: Mám sa dobre, ďakujem. A ty? ("I'm doing well, thank you. And you?")
Person 2: Tiež dobre. Pôjdeme si na obe? ("Also good. Shall we go get lunch?")
Person 1: Jasné, ideme do reštaurácie. ("Sure, let's go to the restaurant.")


For example, the singular form of 'dom' (house) is 'dom', and the plural form is 'domy'. The singular form of 'stol' (table) is 'stol', and the plural form is 'stoly'.
== Tips ==


However, there are some exceptions to this rule. For example, the plural of 'auto' (car) is 'autá', not 'autoy'.  
- To improve your [[Language/Slovak|Slovak]] [[Language/Slovak/Grammar|Grammar]], you can also use the [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] website. [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=116 Find native speakers] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/slovak/question questions]!
- Don't be afraid to make mistakes - practice makes perfect!
- Listen to Slovak music, podcasts or watch Slovak movies and TV shows to immerse yourself in the language.


<hr>If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
== Sources ==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovak_grammar Slovak Grammar, Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovak_language Slovak Language, Wikipedia]




==Related Lessons==
{{#seo:
* [[Language/Slovak/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]
|title=Slovak Grammar - Nouns
* [[Language/Slovak/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]
|keywords=Slovak, grammar, nouns, gender, declension, plural
* [[Language/Slovak/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]]
|description=In this lesson, we will discuss Slovak nouns, which are an integral part of the language. Learning the gender of a noun is important, as it determines how the noun declinates.
* [[Language/Slovak/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]
}}
* [[Language/Slovak/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]
* [[Language/Slovak/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]
* [[Language/Slovak/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]]


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{{Slovak-Page-Bottom}}

Revision as of 19:50, 4 March 2023

Slovak-Language-PolyglotClub.png
Slovak Grammar - Nouns

Hi Slovak learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will discuss Slovak nouns, which are an integral part of the language. Nouns are used to name people, places, things, and ideas. They can be singular or plural, masculine, feminine, or neutral. Learning the gender of a noun is important, as it determines how the noun declinates. Let's get started!

Gender

In Slovak, there are three genders: masculine, feminine, and neutral. Unlike some other languages, gender in Slovak is not tied to biological gender. For example, the word "muž" (man) is obviously masculine, but "dievča" (girl) is neutral. There are some patterns to help determine the gender of a noun, but many times, it simply must be memorized. For example, most words that end in "-a" are feminine, most words that end in a consonant are masculine, and most words that end in "-o" are neutral.

Declination

Nouns in Slovak decline, which means they change their form depending on their role in the sentence. There are seven cases: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, locative, instrumental, and vocative. The endings for each case vary depending on the gender, and can be somewhat tricky to remember. However, practicing with examples is a great way to get the hang of it!

Here are the endings for singular masculine, feminine, and neutral nouns:

Masculine Feminine Neutral
Nominative -o/-e -a -o/-e
Genitive -a -y/-i -a
Dative -ovi -e/-i -u
Accusative -a -u/-e -o/-e
Locative -o/-e -e/-i -e/-i
Instrumental -om/-em -ou/-ou -om/-em
Vocative -e -a -o/-e

For example, let's learn how to decline the word "škola," which means "school." It is a feminine noun:

Slovak Pronunciation English
škola shko-lah school
školy shko-li of the school
škole shko-le to the school
školu shko-lu the school (accusative case)
škole shko-le in/at the school
školou shko-lou with the school
školo shko-lo oh school! (vocative case)

As you can see from the above table, the word "škola" has different endings depending on its grammatical case.

Plural Nouns

In addition to singular nouns, there are also plural nouns in Slovak. To form the plural, there are different rules depending on the gender and the ending of the noun. Here are a few examples:

  • Masculine nouns ending in "c": change "c" to "ťe"
    • lekár (doctor) -> lekári (doctors)
  • Masculine nouns ending in a consonant: add "i"
    • krát (time) -> kráty (times)
  • Feminine nouns ending in "a": change "a" to "y"
    • mama (mom) -> mamy (moms)
  • Neutral nouns ending in "o": add "á"
    • oko (eye) -> oči (eyes)

Dialogue

Person 1: Pozdravím susedu! ("I will greet the neighbor!") Person 2: Ahoj, ako sa máš? ("Hi, how are you?") Person 1: Mám sa dobre, ďakujem. A ty? ("I'm doing well, thank you. And you?") Person 2: Tiež dobre. Pôjdeme si na obe? ("Also good. Shall we go get lunch?") Person 1: Jasné, ideme do reštaurácie. ("Sure, let's go to the restaurant.")

Tips

- To improve your Slovak Grammar, you can also use the Polyglot Club website. Find native speakers and ask them any questions! - Don't be afraid to make mistakes - practice makes perfect! - Listen to Slovak music, podcasts or watch Slovak movies and TV shows to immerse yourself in the language.

Sources



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