Difference between revisions of "Language/Breton/Grammar/Plurals"

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<div class="pg_page_title">Breton Grammar - Plurals</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">Breton Grammar - Plurals</div>
Hi Breton learners!😊<br>Learning [https://polyglotclub.com/language/breton Breton] Grammar can be a daunting task, but with the right approach and dedication, you can master it in no time! In this lesson, we will focus on plurals in Breton. __TOC__


== Plural Formation ==
Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/breton Breton] learners! 😊<br>In this lesson, we will learn about plurals in Breton grammar. As you might know, plurals are used to indicate that there are more than one of a certain noun. It is an important concept to learn in any language, and understanding how to make plurals in Breton is crucial to speak the language fluently. We will cover regular and irregular plurals, and examples will be provided to help you understand how to make plurals in Breton.


In Breton, there are two types of plurals: regular and irregular.
__TOC__


=== Regular Plurals ===
== Regular Plurals (Kuzul Skolid Brezhoneg)==
In Breton grammar, most regular plural nouns are formed by adding -où or -ioù to the singular noun. Whether to use -où or -ioù depends on the last letter of the singular noun. If the singular noun ends in a vowel, add -ioù, otherwise, add -où.


Regular plurals are formed by adding the suffix -où to the singular form of the noun. For example, the plural of ''kazh'' (house) is ''kazoù''.
Examples:


=== Irregular Plurals ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Breton !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| kazh || /kaz:/ || cat
|-
| kazhioù || /kazˈjuː/ || cats
|-
| ki || /ki:/ || dog
|-
| kioù || /kjou:/ || dogs
|-
| pinvidik || /pinvɨdik/ || child
|-
| pinvidikoù || /pinviˈdju:/ || children
|}


Irregular plurals are formed by changing the stem of the word. For example, the plural of ''ti'' (house) is ''tiez''.  
As you can see, the plural form of a noun can look quite different from its singular form. It is important to memorize these plural forms to use them properly in speech and writing.


== Plural Agreement ==
== Irregular Plurals (Kuzulioù diazez)==
While most plurals in Breton are formed regularly, there are some exceptions with irregular plural forms. For example:


In Breton, the plural form of the noun must agree with the number and gender of the verb. For example, the verb ''kaout'' (to have) has the following forms:
* "nez" (nose) - singular form; "neiz" (noses) - plural form
* "kaer" (beautiful) - singular form; "kraoñ" (beautiful) - plural form


* ''Kaout'' (singular, masculine)
These irregular plurals in Breton do not follow any specific rule, and the only way to learn them is by memorizing them. Over time, with practice and exposure to the language, you will become more familiar with the various irregular plurals.
* ''Kaoutez'' (singular, feminine)
* ''Kaoutont'' (plural, masculine)
* ''Kaoutint'' (plural, feminine)


For example, if the subject is ''ar c'hoarier'' (the player, masculine singular), the verb must be conjugated as ''kaout'': ''Ar c'hoarier a zo o kaout'' (The player is having).  
== Plural Adjectives (An adjectivezhioù pluriel)==
In Breton, adjectives must agree with the noun in gender and number. Therefore, to form plural adjectives, simply add -où or -ioù to the end of the adjective.


If the subject is ''ar c'hoarierez'' (the player, feminine singular), the verb must be conjugated as ''kaoutez'': ''Ar c'hoarierez a zo o kaoutez'' (The player is having).
Examples:


If the subject is ''ar c'hoarierien'' (the players, masculine plural), the verb must be conjugated as ''kaoutont'': ''Ar c'hoarierien a zo o kaoutont'' (The players are having).
* "Gwenn" (white) becomes "Gwennioù" (white - plural)
* "Du" (Black) becomes "Dioù" (black - plural)


If the subject is ''ar c'hoarierezed'' (the players, feminine plural), the verb must be conjugated as ''kaoutint'': ''Ar c'hoarierezed a zo o kaoutint'' (The players are having).
== Dialogue ==
* Person 1: Plijout a rafec'h ar c'hazhioù pinvidik. (I like children's cats.)
* Person 2: Plijout a ra din ivez! (I like them too!)


== Conclusion ==
== Culture Note ==
The Breton language is known for its close association with Celtic culture. According to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breton_language Wikipedia], Breton is spoken by approximately 200,000 people in Brittany in northwestern France. Breton has survived for centuries despite efforts to suppress the language. Today, it is considered one of the six Celtic languages still spoken in Europe.


In this lesson, we have learned about plurals in Breton. We have seen how to form regular and irregular plurals, and how to conjugate verbs according to the number and gender of the subject.  
To improve your [[Language/Breton|Breton]] [[Language/Breton/Grammar|Grammar]], you can also use the [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] website. [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=21 Find native speakers] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/breton/question questions]!


Remember, practice makes perfect! To improve your [[Language/Breton|Breton]] [[Language/Breton/Grammar|Grammar]], you can also use the [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] website. [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=21 Find native speakers] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/breton/question questions]!
== Sources ==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breton_language Breton Language on Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celtic_languages Celtic Languages on Wikipedia]


<hr>If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
<hr>➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎


 
{{#seo:
==Related Lessons==
|title=Breton Grammar - Plurals
* [[Language/Breton/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]]
|keywords=Breton, grammar, plurals, regular plurals, irregular plurals, plural adjectives, Celtic culture
* [[Language/Breton/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]
|description=Learn about plurals in Breton grammar with regular and irregular plurals, plural adjectives and examples illustrated with cultural information and facts.
* [[Language/Breton/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]
}}
* [[Language/Breton/Grammar/Personal-Pronouns|Personal Pronouns]]
* [[Language/Breton/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]
* [[Language/Breton/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]
* [[Language/Breton/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]


{{Breton-Page-Bottom}}
{{Breton-Page-Bottom}}

Revision as of 00:15, 5 March 2023

Breton-Language-PolyglotClub.jpg
Breton Grammar - Plurals

Hi Breton learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will learn about plurals in Breton grammar. As you might know, plurals are used to indicate that there are more than one of a certain noun. It is an important concept to learn in any language, and understanding how to make plurals in Breton is crucial to speak the language fluently. We will cover regular and irregular plurals, and examples will be provided to help you understand how to make plurals in Breton.

Regular Plurals (Kuzul Skolid Brezhoneg)

In Breton grammar, most regular plural nouns are formed by adding -où or -ioù to the singular noun. Whether to use -où or -ioù depends on the last letter of the singular noun. If the singular noun ends in a vowel, add -ioù, otherwise, add -où.

Examples:

Breton Pronunciation English
kazh /kaz:/ cat
kazhioù /kazˈjuː/ cats
ki /ki:/ dog
kioù /kjou:/ dogs
pinvidik /pinvɨdik/ child
pinvidikoù /pinviˈdju:/ children

As you can see, the plural form of a noun can look quite different from its singular form. It is important to memorize these plural forms to use them properly in speech and writing.

Irregular Plurals (Kuzulioù diazez)

While most plurals in Breton are formed regularly, there are some exceptions with irregular plural forms. For example:

  • "nez" (nose) - singular form; "neiz" (noses) - plural form
  • "kaer" (beautiful) - singular form; "kraoñ" (beautiful) - plural form

These irregular plurals in Breton do not follow any specific rule, and the only way to learn them is by memorizing them. Over time, with practice and exposure to the language, you will become more familiar with the various irregular plurals.

Plural Adjectives (An adjectivezhioù pluriel)

In Breton, adjectives must agree with the noun in gender and number. Therefore, to form plural adjectives, simply add -où or -ioù to the end of the adjective.

Examples:

  • "Gwenn" (white) becomes "Gwennioù" (white - plural)
  • "Du" (Black) becomes "Dioù" (black - plural)

Dialogue

  • Person 1: Plijout a rafec'h ar c'hazhioù pinvidik. (I like children's cats.)
  • Person 2: Plijout a ra din ivez! (I like them too!)

Culture Note

The Breton language is known for its close association with Celtic culture. According to Wikipedia, Breton is spoken by approximately 200,000 people in Brittany in northwestern France. Breton has survived for centuries despite efforts to suppress the language. Today, it is considered one of the six Celtic languages still spoken in Europe.

To improve your Breton Grammar, you can also use the Polyglot Club website. Find native speakers and ask them any questions!

Sources

➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.
➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎


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