Difference between revisions of "Language/Kannada/Pronunciation/Alphabet-and-Pronunciation"

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[[File:Kannada-Alphabet.jpg|thumb]]
[[File:Kannada-Alphabet.jpg|thumb]]
Kannada is a Dravidian language spoken mainly by the people of Karnataka in the southwestern region of India.  
Kannada is a Dravidian language spoken mainly by the people of Karnataka in the southwestern region of India. The Kannada alphabet (ಕನ್ನಡ ಲಿಪಿ) developed from the Kadamba and Cālukya scripts, descendents of Brahmi, which were used between the 5th and 7th centuries AD. Under the influence of Christian missionary organizations, Kannada and Telugu scripts were standardized at the beginning of the XIX<sup>th</sup> century.
 
The Kannada alphabet (ಕನ್ನಡ ಲಿಪಿ) developed from the Kadamba and Cālukya scripts, descendents of Brahmi, which were used between the 5th and 7th centuries AD.  
 
Under the influence of Christian missionary organizations, Kannada and Telugu scripts were standardized at the beginning of the XIX<sup>th</sup> century.
__TOC__
__TOC__
==Vowels==
There are 13 vowel letters. When a vowel follows a consonant, it is written with a diacritic rather than as a separate letter.
{| class="wikitable"
!'''Letter'''
!'''Diacritic'''
!'''ISO'''
!'''IPA'''
|-
|ಅ
|◌
|a
|[a]
|-
|ಆ
|ಾ
|ā
|[aː]
|-
|ಇ
|ಿ
|i
|[i]
|-
|ಈ
|ೀ
|ī
|[iː]
|-
|ಉ
|ು
|u
|[u]
|-
|ಊ
|ೂ
|ū
|[uː]
|-
|ಋ
|ೃ
|rū
|[rɨ]
|-
|ಎ
|ೆ
|e
|[e]
|-
|ಏ
|ೇ
|ē
|[eː]
|-
|ಐ
|ೈ
|ai
|[eʲ]
|-
|ಒ
|ೊ
|o
|[o]
|-
|ಓ
|ೋ
|ō
|[oː]
|-
|ಔ
|ೌ
|au
|[oʷ]
|}


==Consonants==
==Kannada Consonants==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!'''Letter'''
!'''Letter'''
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There are 2 categories of consonant letters: the '''structured consonants''' and the '''unstructured consonants'''.
There are 2 categories of consonant letters: the '''structured consonants''' and the '''unstructured consonants'''.


=== Structured Consonants ===
=== Kannada Structured Consonants ===
The structured consonants are classified according to where the tongue touches the palate of the mouth and are classified accordingly into 5 groups.  
The structured consonants are classified according to where the tongue touches the palate of the mouth and are classified accordingly into 5 groups.  
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
Line 239: Line 160:
|}
|}


=== Unstructured consonants ===
=== Kannada Unstructured consonants ===
The unstructured consonants are consonants that do not fall into the above structures:
The unstructured consonants are consonants that do not fall into the above structures:


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* '''ಳ''' (''ḷa'')
* '''ಳ''' (''ḷa'')
* '''ೞ''' (ḻ; obsolete).
* '''ೞ''' (ḻ; obsolete).
==Kannada Vowels==
There are 13 vowel letters. When a vowel follows a consonant, it is written with a diacritic rather than as a separate letter.
{| class="wikitable"
!'''Letter'''
!'''Diacritic'''
!'''ISO'''
!'''IPA'''
|-
|ಅ
|◌
|a
|[a]
|-
|ಆ
|ಾ
|ā
|[aː]
|-
|ಇ
|ಿ
|i
|[i]
|-
|ಈ
|ೀ
|ī
|[iː]
|-
|ಉ
|ು
|u
|[u]
|-
|ಊ
|ೂ
|ū
|[uː]
|-
|ಋ
|ೃ
|rū
|[rɨ]
|-
|ಎ
|ೆ
|e
|[e]
|-
|ಏ
|ೇ
|ē
|[eː]
|-
|ಐ
|ೈ
|ai
|[eʲ]
|-
|ಒ
|ೊ
|o
|[o]
|-
|ಓ
|ೋ
|ō
|[oː]
|-
|ಔ
|ೌ
|au
|[oʷ]
|}


==Video: Pronunciation==
==Video: Pronunciation==

Revision as of 21:44, 22 October 2022

Kannada-Alphabet.jpg

Kannada is a Dravidian language spoken mainly by the people of Karnataka in the southwestern region of India. The Kannada alphabet (ಕನ್ನಡ ಲಿಪಿ) developed from the Kadamba and Cālukya scripts, descendents of Brahmi, which were used between the 5th and 7th centuries AD. Under the influence of Christian missionary organizations, Kannada and Telugu scripts were standardized at the beginning of the XIXth century.

Kannada Consonants

Letter IPA
ಕ [ka]
ಖ [kʰa]
ಗ [ɡa]
ಘ [ɡʱa]
ಙ [ŋa]
ಚ [tʃa]
ಛ [tʃʰa]
ಜ [dʒa]
ಝ [dʒʱa]
ಞ [ɲa]
ಟ [ʈa]
ಠ [ʈʰa]
ಡ [ɖa]
ಢ [ɖʱa]
ಣ [ɳa]
ತ [t̪a]
ಥ [t̪ʰa]
ದ [d̪a]
ಧ [d̪ʱa]
ನ [n̪a]
ಪ [pa]
ಫ [pʰa]
ಬ [ba]
ಭ [bʱa]
ಮ [ma]
ಯ [ja]
ರ [ra]
ಲ [l̪a]
ವ [ʋa]
ಶ [ça]
ಷ [ʂa]
ಸ [sa]
ಹ [ħa]
ಳ [ɭa]


There are 2 categories of consonant letters: the structured consonants and the unstructured consonants.

Kannada Structured Consonants

The structured consonants are classified according to where the tongue touches the palate of the mouth and are classified accordingly into 5 groups.

Voiceless Voiceless aspirate Voiced Voiced aspirate Nasal
Velars ಕ (ka) ಖ (kha) ಗ (ga) ಘ (gha) ಙ (ṅa)
Palatals ಚ (ca) ಛ (cha) ಜ (ja) ಝ (jha) ಞ (ña)
Retroflex ಟ (ṭa) ಠ (ṭha) ಡ (ḍa) ಢ (ḍha) ಣ (ṇa)
Dentals ತ (ta) ಥ (tha) ದ (da) ಧ (dha) ನ (na)
Labials ಪ (pa) ಫ (pha) ಬ (ba) ಭ (bha) ಮ (ma)

Kannada Unstructured consonants

The unstructured consonants are consonants that do not fall into the above structures:

  • ಯ (ya)
  • ರ (ra)
  • ಱ (ṟa; obsolete)
  • ಲ (la)
  • ವ (va)
  • ಶ (śa)
  • ಷ (ṣa)
  • ಸ (sa)
  • ಹ (ha)
  • ಳ (ḷa)
  • ೞ (ḻ; obsolete).

Kannada Vowels

There are 13 vowel letters. When a vowel follows a consonant, it is written with a diacritic rather than as a separate letter.

Letter Diacritic ISO IPA
ಅ ◌ a [a]
ಆ ಾ ā [aː]
ಇ ಿ i [i]
ಈ ೀ ī [iː]
ಉ ು u [u]
ಊ ೂ ū [uː]
ಋ ೃ rū [rɨ]
ಎ ೆ e [e]
ಏ ೇ ē [eː]
ಐ ೈ ai [eʲ]
ಒ ೊ o [o]
ಓ ೋ ō [oː]
ಔ ೌ au [oʷ]


Video: Pronunciation

Kannada Online Virtual Keyboard

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