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{{Marathi-Page-Top}}
{{Marathi-Page-Top}}
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Marathi|Marathi]]  → [[Language/Marathi/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Marathi/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Marathi writing → Devanagari script</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Marathi|Marathi]]  → [[Language/Marathi/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Marathi/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Devanagari script</div>
 
Welcome to your journey into the beautiful and intricate world of the Marathi Devanagari script! Understanding the script is fundamental for anyone looking to learn Marathi, as it opens the door to reading, writing, and appreciating the language in all its glory. In this lesson, we will explore the basics of the Devanagari script, including its letter forms, diacritics, and how these elements come together to form words.
 
The Devanagari script is not just a means of communication; it is a vital part of Marathi culture and identity. By learning to read and write in Devanagari, you not only gain a skill but also a deeper connection to the language and its speakers. This lesson will be structured as follows:
 
* '''Introduction to the Devanagari Script'''
 
* '''Basic Letters and Vowels'''
 
* '''Consonants and Their Diacritics'''
 
* '''Forming Words and Simple Sentences'''
 
* '''Practice Exercises'''
 
* '''Conclusion'''
 
Let’s delve into the world of Devanagari!


__TOC__
__TOC__


== Introduction ==
=== Introduction to the Devanagari Script ===


Welcome to the lesson on Marathi writing! In this lesson, we will explore the basics of the Marathi Devanagari script, including the letter forms and diacritics. The Devanagari script is used to write several languages in India, including Marathi. It is an ancient script with a rich history and cultural significance. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to read and write basic Marathi words and sentences using the Devanagari script.
The Devanagari script is an abugida, which means that each character represents a consonant with an inherent vowel sound. This is an important aspect to grasp as we begin our exploration. In Marathi, the inherent vowel is usually 'अ' (a), but it can be modified with diacritics to represent different vowels.


== The Marathi Devanagari Script ==
The script consists of 14 vowels and 36 consonants. Additionally, it employs various diacritics to denote vowel sounds and nasalization. Learning these characters is crucial as they form the foundation of written communication in Marathi.


=== History and Significance ===
=== Basic Letters and Vowels ===


The Devanagari script has been used for writing Marathi for centuries. It originated from the ancient Brahmi script and has evolved over time. The name "Devanagari" means "script of the city of gods" in Sanskrit, reflecting its religious and cultural importance. Devanagari is also used to write several other languages, including Hindi, Nepali, and Sanskrit. It is known for its beautiful and intricate letter forms, which make it a visually appealing script.
Let’s begin with the vowels in the Devanagari script. Here are the basic vowels and their representations:


=== Letter Forms ===
{| class="wikitable"


The Devanagari script consists of 52 letters, including vowels and consonants. The letters are written in a left-to-right horizontal line. Each letter has a specific shape and is represented by a unique character. Let's start by learning the vowel letters in Marathi:
! Marathi !! Pronunciation !! English


{| class="wikitable"
! Marathi !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
|-
| अ || a || a
 
| अ || /ə/ || a (as in "America")
 
|-
|-
| आ || ā || aa
 
| आ || /aː/ || aa (as in "father")
 
|-
|-
| इ || i || i
 
| इ || /i/ || i (as in "it")
 
|-
|-
| ई || ī || ee
 
| ई || /iː/ || ee (as in "see")
 
|-
|-
| उ || u || u
 
| उ || /u/ || u (as in "put")
 
|-
|-
| ऊ || ū || oo
 
| ऊ || /uː/ || oo (as in "food")
 
|-
|-
| ऋ || ṛ || ri
 
| ऋ || /r̥i/ || ri (a unique sound)
 
|-
|-
| ए || e || e
 
| ए || /eː/ || e (as in "they")
 
|-
|-
| ऐ || ai || ai
 
| ऐ || /ai/ || ai (as in "aisle")
 
|-
 
| ओ || /oː/ || o (as in "go")
 
|-
 
| औ || /au/ || au (as in "how")
 
|-
|-
| ओ || o || o
 
| अं || /ə̃/ || um (as in "hum")
 
|-
|-
| औ || au || au
 
| अः || /əɦ/ || ah (a sound of breath)
 
|}
|}


Now, let's move on to the consonant letters in Marathi:
These vowels are the building blocks of every word in Marathi. Each vowel has its unique form, and they can also be combined with consonants to create different sounds.
 
=== Consonants and Their Diacritics ===
 
Next, we will look at the consonants. The Devanagari script comprises 36 consonants, each with its unique sound. Here are some common consonants along with their diacritics:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Marathi !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
 
! Marathi !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
|-
| क || k || ka
 
| क || /kə/ || ka
 
|-
|-
| ख || kh || kha
 
| ख || /kʰə/ || kha
 
|-
|-
| ग || g || ga
 
| ग || /gə/ || ga
 
|-
|-
| घ || gh || gha
 
| घ || /gʰə/ || gha
 
|-
|-
| ङ || ṅ || nga
 
| च || /tʃə/ || cha
 
|-
|-
| च || c || cha
 
| छ || /tʃʰə/ || chha
 
|-
|-
| छ || chh || chha
 
| ज || /dʒə/ || ja
 
|-
|-
| ज || j || ja
 
| झ || /dʒʰə/ || jha
 
|-
|-
| झ || jh || jha
 
| ट || /ʈə/ || ta (retroflex)
 
|-
|-
| ञ || ñ || nya
 
| ठ || /ʈʰə/ || tha (retroflex)
 
|-
|-
| ट || ṭ || ṭa
 
| ड || /ɖə/ || da (retroflex)
 
|-
|-
| ठ || ṭh || ṭha
 
| ढ || /ɖʰə/ || dha (retroflex)
 
|-
|-
| ड || ḍ || ḍa
 
| त || /t̪ə/ || ta
 
|-
|-
| ढ || ḍh || ḍha
 
| थ || /t̪ʰə/ || tha
 
|-
|-
| ण || ṇ || ṇa
 
| द || /d̪ə/ || da
 
|-
|-
| त || t || ta
 
| ध || /d̪ʰə/ || dha
 
|-
|-
| थ || th || tha
 
| न || /nə/ || na
 
|-
|-
| द || d || da
 
| प || /pə/ || pa
 
|-
|-
| ध || dh || dha
 
| फ || /pʰə/ || pha
 
|-
|-
| न || n || na
 
| ब || /bə/ || ba
 
|-
|-
| प || p || pa
 
| भ || /bʰə/ || bha
 
|-
|-
| फ || ph || pha
 
| म || /mə/ || ma
 
|-
|-
| ब || b || ba
 
| य || /jə/ || ya
 
|-
|-
| भ || bh || bha
 
| र || /rə/ || ra
 
|-
|-
| म || m || ma
 
| ल || /lə/ || la
 
|-
|-
| य || y || ya
 
| व || /və/ || va
 
|-
|-
| र || r || ra
 
| श || /ʃə/ || sha
 
|-
|-
| ल || l || la
 
| ष || /ʂə/ || sha (retroflex)
 
|-
|-
| व || v|| va
 
| स || /sə/ || sa
 
|-
|-
| श || ś || sha
 
|-
| ह || /hə/ || ha
| ष || ṣ || ṣa
 
|-
| स || s || sa
|-
| ह || h || ha
|-
| क्ष || kṣ || ksha
|-
| त्र || tr || tra
|-
| ज्ञ || gy || gya
|}
|}


=== Diacritics ===
Each consonant can be combined with vowels to create various sounds. For instance, the consonant क (ka) can become का (kaa) when combined with the vowel आ (aa).
 
=== Forming Words and Simple Sentences ===


In addition to the basic letter forms, the Devanagari script includes diacritics, which are marks placed above or below the letters to modify their pronunciation. These diacritics are used to represent vowel sounds that are not present in the basic letter forms. Let's look at some examples:
Now that we have a basic understanding of vowels and consonants, let’s see how they come together to form words. Here are some examples:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Marathi !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
 
! Marathi !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
|-
| ा || ā || a
 
| कुटुंब || /kuʈʊmb/ || Family
 
|-
|-
| ि || i || i
 
| घर || /ɡʱər/ || Home
 
|-
|-
| ी || ī || ee
 
| शाळा || /ʃaːɭaː/ || School
 
|-
|-
| ु || u || u
 
| मित्र || /mɪt̪rə/ || Friend
 
|-
|-
| ू || ū || oo
 
| पुस्तक || /pʊst̪ək/ || Book
 
|-
|-
| ृ || ṛ || ri
 
| शाळेतील || /ʃaːɭeːt̪il/ || Of the school
 
|-
|-
| े || e || e
 
| खेळ || /kʰeːɭ/ || Game
 
|-
|-
| ै || ai || ai
 
| भाजी || /bʱaːdʒi/ || Vegetable
 
|-
|-
| ो || o || o
 
| चहा || /tʃaːɦaː/ || Tea
 
|-
|-
| ौ || au || au
 
| संगीत || /səŋɡit̪/ || Music
 
|}
|}


These diacritics are combined with the vowel letters to form different vowel sounds in Marathi. For example, the combination of the vowel letter इ (i) and the diacritic ा (ā) gives us the sound "ia."
Notice how the letters come together to create meaningful words. With practice, you'll become familiar with these combinations, which will help you read and write Marathi with ease.
 
=== Practice Exercises ===
 
Now that you have a grasp of the Devanagari script, let’s put your knowledge to the test with some exercises.
 
==== Exercise 1: Identify the Vowels ====
 
Write down the Devanagari script for the following vowels:
 
1. a
 
2. aa
 
3. i
 
4. ee
 
5. u
 
''Solution:''
 
1. अ
 
2. आ
 
3. इ
 
4. ई
 
5. उ
 
==== Exercise 2: Write the Consonants ====
 
Write down the Devanagari script for the following consonants:
 
1. ka
 
2. kha
 
3. ga
 
4. cha
 
5. na
 
''Solution:''
 
1. क
 
2. ख
 
3. ग
 
4. च
 
5. न
 
==== Exercise 3: Form Words ====
 
Using the consonants क, म, and त, form meaningful words in Marathi.
 
''Solution:''
 
1. कमल (kamal) - Lotus
 
2. मत (mat) - Opinion
 
3. कतम (katam) - To cut (contextual)
 
==== Exercise 4: Translate to English ====
 
Translate the following Marathi words to English:
 
1. घर
 
2. मित्र
 
3. शाळा
 
4. भाजी
 
5. चहा
 
''Solution:''
 
1. Home
 
2. Friend
 
3. School
 
4. Vegetable
 
5. Tea
 
==== Exercise 5: Identify the Word Parts ====
 
Break down the following words into their constituent vowels and consonants:
 
1. कुटुंब
 
2. शाळा
 
''Solution:''
 
1. कुटुंब (क + उ + ट + ं + ब)
 
2. शाळा (श + ा + ल + ा)
 
==== Exercise 6: Fill in the Blanks ====
 
Fill in the blanks with the correct vowel or consonant:
 
1. म__त्र (Friend)


== Cultural Significance ==
2. __हा (Tea)


The Devanagari script is not only a writing system but also a cultural symbol in Maharashtra. It is deeply intertwined with the region's history, literature, and religious traditions. Many important Marathi literary works, such as the writings of Saint Tukaram and the Mahabharata, are written in the Devanagari script. Learning to read and write in Devanagari allows you to connect with Marathi culture on a deeper level and appreciate its rich heritage.
''Solution:''


== Practice Exercises ==
1. मित्र


Now that you have learned the basics of the Marathi Devanagari script, let's practice writing some words and sentences. Fill in the blanks with the correct Devanagari letters or diacritics:
2. चहा


1. म__रा__ी (Marathi)
==== Exercise 7: Create Sentences ====
2. __ति__र (water)
3. __रथी (student)
4. __क्षमा (sorry)
5. __ध्यान (attention)


Answers:
Create a simple sentence using the words: घर (home), मित्र (friend), and आहे (is).
1. मराठी (Marathi)
2. तिर (water)
3. विद्यार्थी (student)
4. क्षमा (sorry)
5. ध्यान (attention)


== Conclusion ==
''Solution:''


Congratulations on completing the lesson on Marathi writing! In this lesson, you learned about the Marathi Devanagari script, including the letter forms and diacritics. You also explored the cultural significance of the script and its importance in Marathi literature and traditions. Keep practicing your writing skills to become more proficient in reading and writing Marathi. In the next lesson, we will delve into punctuation conventions used in Marathi writing. Happy learning!
* माझं घर माझ्या मित्राकडे आहे. (Mājha ghar mājhyā mitrākāḍe āhe.) - My home is at my friend’s place.
 
==== Exercise 8: Match the Word with Meaning ====
 
Match the Marathi words with their English meanings:
 
1. शाळा
 
2. पुस्तक
 
3. संगीत
 
4. खेळ
 
5. कुटुंब
 
''Solution:''
 
1. School - शाळा
 
2. Book - पुस्तक
 
3. Music - संगीत
 
4. Game - खेळ
 
5. Family - कुटुंब
 
==== Exercise 9: Transcribe the Sentence ====
 
Transcribe the following sentence from Roman script to Devanagari:
 
"My friend is at home."
 
''Solution:''
 
"माझा मित्र घरी आहे."
 
==== Exercise 10: Write a Short Paragraph ====
 
Write a short paragraph about your family using at least three words learned in this lesson.
 
''Solution Example:''
 
"माझं कुटुंब एकत्र राहातं. माझा भाऊ आणि बहिण शाळेत जातात. आमचं घर खूप सुंदर आहे."
 
"My family lives together. My brother and sister go to school. Our home is very beautiful."
 
=== Conclusion ===
 
Congratulations! You've taken your first steps in mastering the Devanagari script for Marathi. The letters you’ve learned today are the foundation for reading and writing in Marathi. Keep practicing, and soon you’ll find yourself reading simple texts and expressing yourself in writing. Remember, learning a new script is a gradual process, so be patient with yourself. In the next lesson, we will build on these foundations and venture into more complex aspects of Marathi grammar. Happy learning!


{{#seo:
{{#seo:
|title=Marathi Grammar → Marathi writing → Devanagari script
 
|keywords=Marathi, grammar, writing, Devanagari script, Marathi alphabet, letter forms, diacritics
|title=Learn the Basics of the Marathi Devanagari Script
|description=In this lesson, you will learn the basics of the Marathi Devanagari script, including the letter forms and diacritics. The Devanagari script is used to write several languages in India, including Marathi. It is an ancient script with a rich history and cultural significance. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to read and write basic Marathi words and sentences using the Devanagari script.
 
|keywords=Marathi, Devanagari script, Marathi grammar, learn Marathi, Marathi language, vowels, consonants
 
|description=In this lesson, you will learn the basics of the Marathi Devanagari script, including letter forms and diacritics, essential for beginners in the Marathi language.
 
}}
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==Sources==
==Sources==

Latest revision as of 17:38, 1 August 2024


100720D5-5D3B-4576-99E2-C0E492D5666F.png
Marathi → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Devanagari script

Welcome to your journey into the beautiful and intricate world of the Marathi Devanagari script! Understanding the script is fundamental for anyone looking to learn Marathi, as it opens the door to reading, writing, and appreciating the language in all its glory. In this lesson, we will explore the basics of the Devanagari script, including its letter forms, diacritics, and how these elements come together to form words.

The Devanagari script is not just a means of communication; it is a vital part of Marathi culture and identity. By learning to read and write in Devanagari, you not only gain a skill but also a deeper connection to the language and its speakers. This lesson will be structured as follows:

  • Introduction to the Devanagari Script
  • Basic Letters and Vowels
  • Consonants and Their Diacritics
  • Forming Words and Simple Sentences
  • Practice Exercises
  • Conclusion

Let’s delve into the world of Devanagari!

Introduction to the Devanagari Script[edit | edit source]

The Devanagari script is an abugida, which means that each character represents a consonant with an inherent vowel sound. This is an important aspect to grasp as we begin our exploration. In Marathi, the inherent vowel is usually 'अ' (a), but it can be modified with diacritics to represent different vowels.

The script consists of 14 vowels and 36 consonants. Additionally, it employs various diacritics to denote vowel sounds and nasalization. Learning these characters is crucial as they form the foundation of written communication in Marathi.

Basic Letters and Vowels[edit | edit source]

Let’s begin with the vowels in the Devanagari script. Here are the basic vowels and their representations:

Marathi Pronunciation English
अ /ə/ a (as in "America")
आ /aː/ aa (as in "father")
इ /i/ i (as in "it")
ई /iː/ ee (as in "see")
उ /u/ u (as in "put")
ऊ /uː/ oo (as in "food")
ऋ /r̥i/ ri (a unique sound)
ए /eː/ e (as in "they")
ऐ /ai/ ai (as in "aisle")
ओ /oː/ o (as in "go")
औ /au/ au (as in "how")
अं /ə̃/ um (as in "hum")
अः /əɦ/ ah (a sound of breath)

These vowels are the building blocks of every word in Marathi. Each vowel has its unique form, and they can also be combined with consonants to create different sounds.

Consonants and Their Diacritics[edit | edit source]

Next, we will look at the consonants. The Devanagari script comprises 36 consonants, each with its unique sound. Here are some common consonants along with their diacritics:

Marathi Pronunciation English
क /kə/ ka
ख /kʰə/ kha
ग /gə/ ga
घ /gʰə/ gha
च /tʃə/ cha
छ /tʃʰə/ chha
ज /dʒə/ ja
झ /dʒʰə/ jha
ट /ʈə/ ta (retroflex)
ठ /ʈʰə/ tha (retroflex)
ड /ɖə/ da (retroflex)
ढ /ɖʰə/ dha (retroflex)
त /t̪ə/ ta
थ /t̪ʰə/ tha
द /d̪ə/ da
ध /d̪ʰə/ dha
न /nə/ na
प /pə/ pa
फ /pʰə/ pha
ब /bə/ ba
भ /bʰə/ bha
म /mə/ ma
य /jə/ ya
र /rə/ ra
ल /lə/ la
व /və/ va
श /ʃə/ sha
ष /ʂə/ sha (retroflex)
स /sə/ sa
ह /hə/ ha

Each consonant can be combined with vowels to create various sounds. For instance, the consonant क (ka) can become का (kaa) when combined with the vowel आ (aa).

Forming Words and Simple Sentences[edit | edit source]

Now that we have a basic understanding of vowels and consonants, let’s see how they come together to form words. Here are some examples:

Marathi Pronunciation English
कुटुंब /kuʈʊmb/ Family
घर /ɡʱər/ Home
शाळा /ʃaːɭaː/ School
मित्र /mɪt̪rə/ Friend
पुस्तक /pʊst̪ək/ Book
शाळेतील /ʃaːɭeːt̪il/ Of the school
खेळ /kʰeːɭ/ Game
भाजी /bʱaːdʒi/ Vegetable
चहा /tʃaːɦaː/ Tea
संगीत /səŋɡit̪/ Music

Notice how the letters come together to create meaningful words. With practice, you'll become familiar with these combinations, which will help you read and write Marathi with ease.

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now that you have a grasp of the Devanagari script, let’s put your knowledge to the test with some exercises.

Exercise 1: Identify the Vowels[edit | edit source]

Write down the Devanagari script for the following vowels:

1. a

2. aa

3. i

4. ee

5. u

Solution:

1. अ

2. आ

3. इ

4. ई

5. उ

Exercise 2: Write the Consonants[edit | edit source]

Write down the Devanagari script for the following consonants:

1. ka

2. kha

3. ga

4. cha

5. na

Solution:

1. क

2. ख

3. ग

4. च

5. न

Exercise 3: Form Words[edit | edit source]

Using the consonants क, म, and त, form meaningful words in Marathi.

Solution:

1. कमल (kamal) - Lotus

2. मत (mat) - Opinion

3. कतम (katam) - To cut (contextual)

Exercise 4: Translate to English[edit | edit source]

Translate the following Marathi words to English:

1. घर

2. मित्र

3. शाळा

4. भाजी

5. चहा

Solution:

1. Home

2. Friend

3. School

4. Vegetable

5. Tea

Exercise 5: Identify the Word Parts[edit | edit source]

Break down the following words into their constituent vowels and consonants:

1. कुटुंब

2. शाळा

Solution:

1. कुटुंब (क + उ + ट + ं + ब)

2. शाळा (श + ा + ल + ा)

Exercise 6: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Fill in the blanks with the correct vowel or consonant:

1. म__त्र (Friend)

2. __हा (Tea)

Solution:

1. मित्र

2. चहा

Exercise 7: Create Sentences[edit | edit source]

Create a simple sentence using the words: घर (home), मित्र (friend), and आहे (is).

Solution:

  • माझं घर माझ्या मित्राकडे आहे. (Mājha ghar mājhyā mitrākāḍe āhe.) - My home is at my friend’s place.

Exercise 8: Match the Word with Meaning[edit | edit source]

Match the Marathi words with their English meanings:

1. शाळा

2. पुस्तक

3. संगीत

4. खेळ

5. कुटुंब

Solution:

1. School - शाळा

2. Book - पुस्तक

3. Music - संगीत

4. Game - खेळ

5. Family - कुटुंब

Exercise 9: Transcribe the Sentence[edit | edit source]

Transcribe the following sentence from Roman script to Devanagari:

"My friend is at home."

Solution:

"माझा मित्र घरी आहे."

Exercise 10: Write a Short Paragraph[edit | edit source]

Write a short paragraph about your family using at least three words learned in this lesson.

Solution Example:

"माझं कुटुंब एकत्र राहातं. माझा भाऊ आणि बहिण शाळेत जातात. आमचं घर खूप सुंदर आहे."

"My family lives together. My brother and sister go to school. Our home is very beautiful."

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Congratulations! You've taken your first steps in mastering the Devanagari script for Marathi. The letters you’ve learned today are the foundation for reading and writing in Marathi. Keep practicing, and soon you’ll find yourself reading simple texts and expressing yourself in writing. Remember, learning a new script is a gradual process, so be patient with yourself. In the next lesson, we will build on these foundations and venture into more complex aspects of Marathi grammar. Happy learning!

Table of Contents - Marathi Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Basic Greetings and Introductions


Basic Sentence Structure


Numbers and Time


Nouns and Pronouns


Common Verbs and Adjectives


Questions and Answers


Food and Dining


Marathi Festivals and Traditions


Travel and Transportation


Prepositions and Conjunctions


Family and Relationships


Marathi Literature and Cinema

Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]


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