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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Standard-estonian|Standard Estonian]]  → [[Language/Standard-estonian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Standard-estonian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Introduction to Estonian grammar → Cases and pronouns</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Standard-estonian|Standard Estonian]]  → [[Language/Standard-estonian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Standard-estonian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Cases and pronouns</div>
 
Welcome to this exciting lesson on Standard Estonian grammar! Today, we will dive into the fascinating world of '''cases''' and '''pronouns'''. Understanding these concepts is essential as they form the backbone of sentence construction in Estonian. Just like how in English we say "I see the dog" or "The dog sees me", Estonian uses cases to convey the roles of nouns and pronouns in a sentence.
 
In this lesson, we will explore the various cases used in Estonian, how they affect pronouns, and provide you with plenty of examples to illustrate these points. We will also engage in practical exercises to reinforce your learning. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of how to use cases with pronouns effectively!


__TOC__
__TOC__


== Introduction ==
=== Importance of Cases in Estonian ===
 
Estonian is a language rich in grammatical cases, which helps convey meaning without needing additional words. Cases determine the grammatical function of nouns, pronouns, and adjectives in a sentence. This allows for a flexible word order, making Estonian unique and expressive.
 
=== Overview of Estonian Cases ===
 
Estonian has a total of '''14 grammatical cases'''. However, for beginners, we will focus on the most commonly used cases:
 
1. '''Nominative''': The subject of the sentence.
 
2. '''Genitive''': Indicates possession.
 
3. '''Partitive''': Used to express partiality or incompleteness.


Welcome to the lesson on cases and pronouns in Standard Estonian! In this lesson, we will explore the fascinating world of Estonian grammar and learn how to use cases with pronouns. Understanding cases is essential for mastering the Estonian language, as it plays a crucial role in sentence structure and meaning. So, let's dive in and discover the beauty of Estonian grammar!
4. '''Accusative''': Indicates the direct object of the action.


== Cases in Estonian ==
5. '''Dative''': Indicates the indirect object, often the recipient.


Estonian is an inflected language, which means that nouns, adjectives, and pronouns change their forms based on their grammatical role in the sentence. One of the most distinctive features of Estonian grammar is its extensive case system. Cases indicate the grammatical function of a word in a sentence, such as the subject, object, or possessive form.
6. '''Ablative''': Indicates movement away from something.


In Estonian, there are 14 grammatical cases, each serving a specific purpose. Let's explore some of the most commonly used cases and their functions:
Let's break these down further!


=== Nominative Case ===
== Nominative Case ==


The nominative case is used for the subject of a sentence, indicating the doer of an action. Nouns and pronouns in the nominative case generally remain unchanged. For example:
The '''nominative case''' is used for the subject of the sentence. It answers the question "who?" or "what?".


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Standard Estonian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Standard Estonian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| koer || /kɔːr/ || dog
|-
| laps || /lɑps/ || child
|-
|-
| Tüdruk mängib. || Tydruk mangib. || The girl is playing.
 
| raamat || /ˈrɑːmɑt/ || book
 
|-
|-
| Ta on õnnelik. || Ta on onnelik. || She is happy.
 
| auto || /ˈɑʊtɔ/ || car
 
|-
|-
| Poiss jookseb kiiresti. || Poiss yookseb kiiresti. || The boy is running fast.
 
| inimene || /ˈinimɛnɛ/ || person
 
|}
|}


=== Genitive Case ===
== Genitive Case ==


The genitive case is used to indicate possession or the relationship between two nouns. In Estonian, the genitive case is formed by adding the suffix "-i" or "-de" to the noun. For example:
The '''genitive case''' shows possession and answers "whose?".


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Standard Estonian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Standard Estonian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| koera || /ˈkɔːrɑ/ || of the dog
|-
| lapse || /ˈlɑpsɛ/ || of the child
|-
|-
| Raamatu autor on tuntud. || Raamatu autor on tuntud. || The author of the book is well-known.
 
| raamatu || /ˈrɑːmɑtʊ/ || of the book
 
|-
|-
| Ema maja on suur. || Ema maja on suur. || Mother's house is big.
 
| auto || /ˈɑʊtɔ/ || of the car
 
|-
|-
| Kassi saba on pikk. || Kassi saba on pikk. || The cat's tail is long.
 
| inimese || /ˈinimɛnɛ/ || of the person
 
|}
|}


=== Accusative Case ===
== Partitive Case ==


The accusative case is used for the direct object of a verb, indicating the receiver of an action. In Estonian, the accusative case is generally marked by word order rather than inflection. However, certain pronouns and nouns have distinct accusative forms. Let's take a look at some examples:
The '''partitive case''' is used to express an incomplete quantity or when something is not fully defined.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Standard Estonian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Standard Estonian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| koera || /ˈkɔːrɑ/ || some dog
|-
| last || /lɑst/ || some child
|-
|-
| Ma näen sind. || Ma naen sind. || I see you.
 
| raamatut || /ˈrɑːmɑtʊt/ || some book
 
|-
|-
| Ta armastab Eestit. || Ta armastab Eestit. || He loves Estonia.
 
| autot || /ˈɑʊtɔt/ || some car
 
|-
|-
| Laps sööb õuna. || Laps soob ouna. || The child is eating an apple.
 
| inimest || /ˈinimɛst/ || some person
 
|}
|}


=== Partitive Case ===
== Accusative Case ==


The partitive case is used for the indirect object of a verb and to express indefinite quantities. It is also used after certain prepositions. In Estonian, the partitive case is formed by adding the suffix "-t" or "-d" to the noun. Here are some examples:
The '''accusative case''' indicates the direct object of an action.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Standard Estonian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Standard Estonian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| koera || /ˈkɔːrɑ/ || the dog
|-
| last || /lɑst/ || the child
|-
|-
| Ma ostan raamatut. || Ma ostan raamatut. || I am buying a book.
 
| raamatut || /ˈrɑːmɑtʊt/ || the book
 
|-
|-
| Ta joob kohvi. || Ta joob kohvi. || She is drinking coffee.
 
| autot || /ˈɑʊtɔt/ || the car
 
|-
|-
| Mul on natuke raha. || Mul on natuke raha. || I have some money.
 
| inimest || /ˈinimɛst/ || the person
 
|}
|}


These are just a few examples of the cases used in Estonian. The language has a rich variety of cases that allow for precise expression and add depth to the language.
== Dative Case ==
 
The '''dative case''' indicates the indirect object, often the recipient of an action.
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Standard Estonian !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| koerale || /ˈkɔːrɑlɛ/ || to the dog
 
|-
 
| lapsele || /ˈlɑpsɛlɛ/ || to the child
 
|-
 
| raamatule || /ˈrɑːmɑtulɛ/ || to the book
 
|-
 
| autole || /ˈɑʊtɔlɛ/ || to the car
 
|-


== Pronouns in Estonian ==
| inimesele || /ˈinimɛsɛlɛ/ || to the person


Pronouns play an essential role in any language, and Estonian is no exception. Pronouns are used to replace nouns and avoid repetition in sentences. Let's explore the pronouns in Estonian and how they interact with cases:
|}


=== Personal Pronouns ===
== Ablative Case ==


Personal pronouns in Estonian are used to refer to people or things. They change their forms based on the cases. Here are the personal pronouns in Estonian:
The '''ablative case''' is used to indicate movement away from something.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Standard Estonian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Standard Estonian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| mina || mina || I
 
| koeralt || /ˈkɔːrɑlt/ || from the dog
 
|-
|-
| sina || sina || you
 
| lapselt || /lɑpsɛlt/ || from the child
 
|-
|-
| tema || tema || he/she/it
 
| raamatult || /ˈrɑːmɑtʊlt/ || from the book
 
|-
|-
| meie || meie || we
 
| autolt || /ˈɑʊtɔlt/ || from the car
 
|-
|-
| teie || teie || you (plural)
 
|-
| inimeselt || /ˈinimɛsɛlt/ || from the person
| nemad || nemad || they
 
|}
|}


These pronouns change their forms based on the case they are in. For example, in the accusative case, "mina" becomes "mind," and "tema" becomes "teda."
=== Pronouns and Their Cases ===
 
Now that we have a good grasp of the cases, let's see how they apply to '''pronouns'''. Personal pronouns in Estonian change form depending on the case they are used in.


=== Demonstrative Pronouns ===
== Personal Pronouns in Estonian


Demonstrative pronouns are used to point out specific objects or people. In Estonian, the demonstrative pronouns are "see" (this) and "too" (that). They also change their forms based on the cases. Here are the demonstrative pronouns in Estonian:
Here are the personal pronouns and their forms in different cases:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Standard Estonian !! Pronunciation !! English
 
! Pronoun !! Nominative !! Genitive !! Partitive !! Accusative !! Dative !! Ablative
 
|-
 
| I (minä) || mina || minu || mind || mind || minule || minult
 
|-
 
| you (sinä) || sina || sinu || sind || sind || sinule || sinult
 
|-
 
| he (hän) || tema || tema || teda || teda || temale || temalt
 
|-
 
| she (hän) || tema || tema || teda || teda || temale || temalt
 
|-
 
| we (me) || meie || meie || meid || meid || meile || meilt
 
|-
|-
| see || see || this
 
| you (te) || teie || teie || teid || teid || teile || teilt
 
|-
|-
| too || too || that
 
| they (he) || nemad || nende || neid || neid || neile || neilt
 
|}
|}


=== Interrogative Pronouns ===
=== Examples of Pronouns in Sentences ===


Interrogative pronouns are used to ask questions. In Estonian, the interrogative pronouns are "kes" (who), "mis" (what), "millal" (when), "kus" (where), "kuidas" (how), and "miks" (why). Here are some examples of interrogative pronouns in Estonian:
Let's look at how these pronouns can be used in sentences.  


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Standard Estonian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Standard Estonian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Kes on see? || Kes on see? || Who is this?
 
| Mina näen koera. || /ˈminɑ ˈnɛːn ˈkɔːrɑ/ || I see a dog.
 
|-
|-
| Mis see on? || Mis see on? || What is this?
 
| Tema armastab raamatuid. || /ˈtɛmɑ ˈɑrmɑstɑb ˈrɑːmɑtʊid/ || He loves books.
 
|-
|-
| Millal sa tuled? || Millal sa tuled? || When are you coming?
 
| Meie läheme autole. || /ˈmeɪɛ ˈlɛhɛmɛ ˈɑʊtɔlɛ/ || We are going to the car.
 
|-
 
| Nemad mängivad. || /ˈnɛmɑd ˈmæŋivɑd/ || They are playing.
 
|-
 
| Sina annad mulle raamat. || /ˈsinɑ ˈɑnnɑd ˈmule ˈrɑːmɑt/ || You give me a book.
 
|}
|}


These are just a few examples of pronouns in Estonian. Pronouns are an important part of the language and are used extensively in everyday communication.
== Exercises and Practice Scenarios ==
 
Now that we've covered the theory, it's time to put your knowledge to the test! Below are some exercises to help reinforce what you've learned.
 
=== Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks ===
 
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the pronoun in the appropriate case.
 
1. _____ (I) näen _____ (the dog).
 
2. _____ (he) armastab _____ (the book).
 
3. _____ (we) läheme _____ (to the car).
 
4. _____ (they) mängivad _____ (from the child).
 
5. _____ (you) annad _____ (to me) raamat.
 
=== Solutions to Exercise 1 ===
 
1. Mina näen koera.
 
2. Tema armastab raamatut.
 
3. Meie läheme autole.
 
4. Nemad mängivad lapselt.
 
5. Sina annad mulle raamat.
 
=== Exercise 2: Case Identification ===
 
Identify the case of the underlined word in each sentence.
 
1. Mina armastan _koera_.
 
2. Tema annab _minule_ raamat.
 
3. Meie tuleme _autolt_.
 
4. Nemad mängivad _lastelt_.
 
5. Sina näed _raamatuid_.
 
=== Solutions to Exercise 2 ===
 
1. Partitive
 
2. Dative
 
3. Ablative
 
4. Ablative
 
5. Partitive
 
=== Exercise 3: Sentence Construction ===
 
Construct sentences using the given prompts.
 
1. (I) / (see) / (the car)
 
2. (they) / (give) / (the book) / (to you)
 
3. (we) / (see) / (the child)
 
4. (you) / (love) / (the dog)
 
5. (he) / (go) / (from the person)
 
=== Solutions to Exercise 3 ===
 
1. Mina näen autot.
 
2. Nemad annavad raamatu sinule.
 
3. Meie näeme last.
 
4. Sina armastad koera.
 
5. Tema läheb inimeselt.
 
=== Exercise 4: Translate the Sentences ===
 
Translate the following sentences into Estonian.
 
1. I see a book.
 
2. They love the dog.
 
3. You give me the car.
 
4. We are going from the child.
 
5. He has a dog.
 
=== Solutions to Exercise 4 ===
 
1. Mina näen raamatut.
 
2. Nemad armastavad koera.
 
3. Sina annad mulle auto.
 
4. Meie läheme lapselt.
 
5. Temal on koer.
 
=== Exercise 5: Matching Pronouns to Cases ===
 
Match the pronouns to their correct case forms.
 
1. I - _____
 
2. You (singular) - _____


== Exercises ==
3. He - _____


Now that we have learned about cases and pronouns in Estonian, it's time to put our knowledge into practice. Here are some exercises for you to test your understanding:
4. We - _____


1. Translate the following sentences into Estonian:
5. They - _____
a) She is reading a book.
b) I see the cat.
c) Who is that?
d) We have a car.


2. Change the following nouns to the genitive case:
=== Solutions to Exercise 5 ===
a) poiss (boy)
b) tüdruk (girl)
c) koer (dog)
d) maja (house)


3. Fill in the blanks with the correct pronouns:
1. mina
a) ___________ armastab Eestit.
b) ___________ näen sind homme.
c) ___________ on suur maja.
d) ___________ ostan õuna.


== Solutions ==
2. sina


1. Translate the following sentences into Estonian:
3. tema
a) Ta loeb raamatut.
b) Ma näen kassi.
c) Kes see on?
d) Meil on auto.


2. Change the following nouns to the genitive case:
4. meie
a) poisi
b) tüdruku
c) koera
d) maja


3. Fill in the blanks with the correct pronouns:
5. nemad
a) Ta armastab Eestit.
b) Ma näen sind homme.
c) See on suur maja.
d) Ma ostan õuna.


Congratulations! You have successfully completed the exercises. Keep practicing and exploring the beautiful world of Estonian grammar!
=== Exercise 6: Fill in the Correct Case ===
 
Fill in the blanks with the correct case form of the given pronoun.
 
1. _____ (I) armastan _____ (dog) - (nominative).
 
2. _____ (we) anname _____ (child) - (dative).
 
3. _____ (he) näeb _____ (book) - (accusative).
 
4. _____ (you) ootad _____ (car) - (partitive).
 
5. _____ (they) tulevad _____ (the person) - (ablative).
 
=== Solutions to Exercise 6 ===
 
1. Mina armastan koera.
 
2. Meie anname lapsele.
 
3. Tema näeb raamatut.
 
4. Sina ootad autot.
 
5. Nemad tulevad inimeselt.
 
=== Exercise 7: Create Your Own Sentences ===
 
Using the pronouns and cases you've learned, create three sentences of your own.
 
=== Example Solutions for Exercise 7 ===
 
1. Mina näen raamatut.
 
2. Sina armastad koera.
 
3. Nemad tulevad autolt.
 
=== Exercise 8: Case Quiz ===
 
Determine the case of the underlined words in the following sentences.
 
1. Mina armastan _koera_.
 
2. Tema annab _raamatule_.
 
3. Meie tuleme _inimesele_.
 
4. Nemad mängivad _lastega_.
 
5. Sina näed _auto_.
 
=== Solutions to Exercise 8 ===
 
1. Partitive
 
2. Dative
 
3. Dative
 
4. Ablative
 
5. Accusative
 
=== Exercise 9: Convert to Genitive ===
 
Convert the following sentences into the genitive case.
 
1. The dog of the child.
 
2. The book of the person.
 
3. The car of the family.
 
4. The child of the teacher.
 
5. The house of the neighbor.
 
=== Solutions to Exercise 9 ===
 
1. Lapse koer.
 
2. Inimese raamat.
 
3. Perekonna auto.
 
4. Õpetaja laps.
 
5. Naabri maja.
 
=== Exercise 10: Pronoun Transformation ===
 
Transform the following sentences by changing the pronouns to the appropriate case.
 
1. I see you. (Nominative)
 
2. They will give us the book. (Dative)
 
3. He loves her. (Accusative)
 
4. We want to see you. (Partitive)
 
5. You are coming from them. (Ablative)
 
=== Solutions to Exercise 10 ===
 
1. Mina näen sind.
 
2. Nemad annavad meile raamatu.
 
3. Tema armastab teda.
 
4. Meie tahame näha sind.
 
5. Sina tuled neilt.
 
The journey through Estonian cases and pronouns is an essential step in your learning path. Mastering these will significantly improve your ability to communicate in Estonian. Remember to practice regularly, and soon, using cases and pronouns will become second nature!


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Latest revision as of 15:37, 1 August 2024


Estonia-Timeline-PolyglotClub.jpg
Standard Estonian → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Cases and pronouns

Welcome to this exciting lesson on Standard Estonian grammar! Today, we will dive into the fascinating world of cases and pronouns. Understanding these concepts is essential as they form the backbone of sentence construction in Estonian. Just like how in English we say "I see the dog" or "The dog sees me", Estonian uses cases to convey the roles of nouns and pronouns in a sentence.

In this lesson, we will explore the various cases used in Estonian, how they affect pronouns, and provide you with plenty of examples to illustrate these points. We will also engage in practical exercises to reinforce your learning. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of how to use cases with pronouns effectively!

Importance of Cases in Estonian[edit | edit source]

Estonian is a language rich in grammatical cases, which helps convey meaning without needing additional words. Cases determine the grammatical function of nouns, pronouns, and adjectives in a sentence. This allows for a flexible word order, making Estonian unique and expressive.

Overview of Estonian Cases[edit | edit source]

Estonian has a total of 14 grammatical cases. However, for beginners, we will focus on the most commonly used cases:

1. Nominative: The subject of the sentence.

2. Genitive: Indicates possession.

3. Partitive: Used to express partiality or incompleteness.

4. Accusative: Indicates the direct object of the action.

5. Dative: Indicates the indirect object, often the recipient.

6. Ablative: Indicates movement away from something.

Let's break these down further!

Nominative Case[edit | edit source]

The nominative case is used for the subject of the sentence. It answers the question "who?" or "what?".

Standard Estonian Pronunciation English
koer /kɔːr/ dog
laps /lɑps/ child
raamat /ˈrɑːmɑt/ book
auto /ˈɑʊtɔ/ car
inimene /ˈinimɛnɛ/ person

Genitive Case[edit | edit source]

The genitive case shows possession and answers "whose?".

Standard Estonian Pronunciation English
koera /ˈkɔːrɑ/ of the dog
lapse /ˈlɑpsɛ/ of the child
raamatu /ˈrɑːmɑtʊ/ of the book
auto /ˈɑʊtɔ/ of the car
inimese /ˈinimɛnɛ/ of the person

Partitive Case[edit | edit source]

The partitive case is used to express an incomplete quantity or when something is not fully defined.

Standard Estonian Pronunciation English
koera /ˈkɔːrɑ/ some dog
last /lɑst/ some child
raamatut /ˈrɑːmɑtʊt/ some book
autot /ˈɑʊtɔt/ some car
inimest /ˈinimɛst/ some person

Accusative Case[edit | edit source]

The accusative case indicates the direct object of an action.

Standard Estonian Pronunciation English
koera /ˈkɔːrɑ/ the dog
last /lɑst/ the child
raamatut /ˈrɑːmɑtʊt/ the book
autot /ˈɑʊtɔt/ the car
inimest /ˈinimɛst/ the person

Dative Case[edit | edit source]

The dative case indicates the indirect object, often the recipient of an action.

Standard Estonian Pronunciation English
koerale /ˈkɔːrɑlɛ/ to the dog
lapsele /ˈlɑpsɛlɛ/ to the child
raamatule /ˈrɑːmɑtulɛ/ to the book
autole /ˈɑʊtɔlɛ/ to the car
inimesele /ˈinimɛsɛlɛ/ to the person

Ablative Case[edit | edit source]

The ablative case is used to indicate movement away from something.

Standard Estonian Pronunciation English
koeralt /ˈkɔːrɑlt/ from the dog
lapselt /lɑpsɛlt/ from the child
raamatult /ˈrɑːmɑtʊlt/ from the book
autolt /ˈɑʊtɔlt/ from the car
inimeselt /ˈinimɛsɛlt/ from the person

Pronouns and Their Cases[edit | edit source]

Now that we have a good grasp of the cases, let's see how they apply to pronouns. Personal pronouns in Estonian change form depending on the case they are used in.

== Personal Pronouns in Estonian

Here are the personal pronouns and their forms in different cases:

Pronoun Nominative Genitive Partitive Accusative Dative Ablative
I (minä) mina minu mind mind minule minult
you (sinä) sina sinu sind sind sinule sinult
he (hän) tema tema teda teda temale temalt
she (hän) tema tema teda teda temale temalt
we (me) meie meie meid meid meile meilt
you (te) teie teie teid teid teile teilt
they (he) nemad nende neid neid neile neilt

Examples of Pronouns in Sentences[edit | edit source]

Let's look at how these pronouns can be used in sentences.

Standard Estonian Pronunciation English
Mina näen koera. /ˈminɑ ˈnɛːn ˈkɔːrɑ/ I see a dog.
Tema armastab raamatuid. /ˈtɛmɑ ˈɑrmɑstɑb ˈrɑːmɑtʊid/ He loves books.
Meie läheme autole. /ˈmeɪɛ ˈlɛhɛmɛ ˈɑʊtɔlɛ/ We are going to the car.
Nemad mängivad. /ˈnɛmɑd ˈmæŋivɑd/ They are playing.
Sina annad mulle raamat. /ˈsinɑ ˈɑnnɑd ˈmule ˈrɑːmɑt/ You give me a book.

Exercises and Practice Scenarios[edit | edit source]

Now that we've covered the theory, it's time to put your knowledge to the test! Below are some exercises to help reinforce what you've learned.

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the pronoun in the appropriate case.

1. _____ (I) näen _____ (the dog).

2. _____ (he) armastab _____ (the book).

3. _____ (we) läheme _____ (to the car).

4. _____ (they) mängivad _____ (from the child).

5. _____ (you) annad _____ (to me) raamat.

Solutions to Exercise 1[edit | edit source]

1. Mina näen koera.

2. Tema armastab raamatut.

3. Meie läheme autole.

4. Nemad mängivad lapselt.

5. Sina annad mulle raamat.

Exercise 2: Case Identification[edit | edit source]

Identify the case of the underlined word in each sentence.

1. Mina armastan _koera_.

2. Tema annab _minule_ raamat.

3. Meie tuleme _autolt_.

4. Nemad mängivad _lastelt_.

5. Sina näed _raamatuid_.

Solutions to Exercise 2[edit | edit source]

1. Partitive

2. Dative

3. Ablative

4. Ablative

5. Partitive

Exercise 3: Sentence Construction[edit | edit source]

Construct sentences using the given prompts.

1. (I) / (see) / (the car)

2. (they) / (give) / (the book) / (to you)

3. (we) / (see) / (the child)

4. (you) / (love) / (the dog)

5. (he) / (go) / (from the person)

Solutions to Exercise 3[edit | edit source]

1. Mina näen autot.

2. Nemad annavad raamatu sinule.

3. Meie näeme last.

4. Sina armastad koera.

5. Tema läheb inimeselt.

Exercise 4: Translate the Sentences[edit | edit source]

Translate the following sentences into Estonian.

1. I see a book.

2. They love the dog.

3. You give me the car.

4. We are going from the child.

5. He has a dog.

Solutions to Exercise 4[edit | edit source]

1. Mina näen raamatut.

2. Nemad armastavad koera.

3. Sina annad mulle auto.

4. Meie läheme lapselt.

5. Temal on koer.

Exercise 5: Matching Pronouns to Cases[edit | edit source]

Match the pronouns to their correct case forms.

1. I - _____

2. You (singular) - _____

3. He - _____

4. We - _____

5. They - _____

Solutions to Exercise 5[edit | edit source]

1. mina

2. sina

3. tema

4. meie

5. nemad

Exercise 6: Fill in the Correct Case[edit | edit source]

Fill in the blanks with the correct case form of the given pronoun.

1. _____ (I) armastan _____ (dog) - (nominative).

2. _____ (we) anname _____ (child) - (dative).

3. _____ (he) näeb _____ (book) - (accusative).

4. _____ (you) ootad _____ (car) - (partitive).

5. _____ (they) tulevad _____ (the person) - (ablative).

Solutions to Exercise 6[edit | edit source]

1. Mina armastan koera.

2. Meie anname lapsele.

3. Tema näeb raamatut.

4. Sina ootad autot.

5. Nemad tulevad inimeselt.

Exercise 7: Create Your Own Sentences[edit | edit source]

Using the pronouns and cases you've learned, create three sentences of your own.

Example Solutions for Exercise 7[edit | edit source]

1. Mina näen raamatut.

2. Sina armastad koera.

3. Nemad tulevad autolt.

Exercise 8: Case Quiz[edit | edit source]

Determine the case of the underlined words in the following sentences.

1. Mina armastan _koera_.

2. Tema annab _raamatule_.

3. Meie tuleme _inimesele_.

4. Nemad mängivad _lastega_.

5. Sina näed _auto_.

Solutions to Exercise 8[edit | edit source]

1. Partitive

2. Dative

3. Dative

4. Ablative

5. Accusative

Exercise 9: Convert to Genitive[edit | edit source]

Convert the following sentences into the genitive case.

1. The dog of the child.

2. The book of the person.

3. The car of the family.

4. The child of the teacher.

5. The house of the neighbor.

Solutions to Exercise 9[edit | edit source]

1. Lapse koer.

2. Inimese raamat.

3. Perekonna auto.

4. Õpetaja laps.

5. Naabri maja.

Exercise 10: Pronoun Transformation[edit | edit source]

Transform the following sentences by changing the pronouns to the appropriate case.

1. I see you. (Nominative)

2. They will give us the book. (Dative)

3. He loves her. (Accusative)

4. We want to see you. (Partitive)

5. You are coming from them. (Ablative)

Solutions to Exercise 10[edit | edit source]

1. Mina näen sind.

2. Nemad annavad meile raamatu.

3. Tema armastab teda.

4. Meie tahame näha sind.

5. Sina tuled neilt.

The journey through Estonian cases and pronouns is an essential step in your learning path. Mastering these will significantly improve your ability to communicate in Estonian. Remember to practice regularly, and soon, using cases and pronouns will become second nature!

Table of Contents - Standard Estonian Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Introduction to Estonian


Greetings and Introductions


Nouns and Pronouns


Numbers and Time


Verbs and Tenses


Daily Activities


Adjectives and Adverbs


Food and Dining


Estonian Traditions


Travel and Transportation


Prepositions and Conjunctions


At Home and Work


Estonian History


Negation and Questions


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



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