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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Welsh|Welsh]]  → [[Language/Welsh/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Welsh/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Pronouns and Verbs → Personal Pronouns</div>
Welcome to the lesson on '''Personal Pronouns''' in Welsh! As you embark on this journey of learning the Welsh language, understanding personal pronouns is crucial. They form the backbone of communication, allowing you to express who is doing what in a sentence. Whether you're discussing your day, describing your friends, or sharing stories, personal pronouns will be your trusty allies.
 
In this lesson, we'll cover the following key areas:


__TOC__
__TOC__


Welsh personal pronouns are a key element of Welsh grammar. They are used to refer to people, places, things, and ideas. In this lesson, you will learn the Welsh personal pronouns and their usage.
=== What Are Personal Pronouns? ===
 
Personal pronouns are words that replace specific nouns in a sentence, making our conversations smoother and more fluid. In Welsh, just like in English, these pronouns change depending on who or what you're referring to.
 
Here’s a quick rundown of the personal pronouns in Welsh:
 
'' '''I''' - ''fi*
 
'' '''You (singular)''' - ''ti*
 
'' '''He''' - ''ef*
 
'' '''She''' - ''hi*
 
'' '''It''' - ''fe/hi* (used based on the gender of the noun)
 
'' '''We''' - ''ni*
 
'' '''They''' - ''nhw*
 
Let’s dive deeper into these pronouns, their forms, and how to use them in sentences!
 
=== Personal Pronouns in Detail ===
 
Now, let's break down each personal pronoun, along with examples to illustrate their use in context.


== Welsh Personal Pronouns ==
==== 1. I (fi) ====


Welsh personal pronouns have different forms depending on the number, gender, and case of the noun they represent, as well as their function in the sentence. Personal pronouns are usually placed before the verb in Welsh, except in some cases where they appear after the verb for emphasis or clarity.
* '''Welsh:''' fi


Here is a table with the most common Welsh personal pronouns and their English translation:
* '''Pronunciation:''' /vi/
 
* '''Usage:''' Refers to the speaker.
 
Examples:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Welsh !! Pronunciation !! English
! Welsh !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Fi || Vee || I
 
| Fi yw'r athro. || /vi juːr ˈaθro/ || I am the teacher.
 
|-
 
| Fi'n mynd i'r siop. || /vin mɪnd iːr ˈʃop/ || I am going to the shop.
 
|-
 
| Fi'n hoffi coffi. || /vin ˈhɔfi ˈkɔfi/ || I like coffee.
 
|-
 
| Fi'n byw yng Nghymru. || /vin bɪu ɪŋ ˈhəmri/ || I live in Wales.
 
|}
 
==== 2. You (singular) (ti) ====
 
* '''Welsh:''' ti
 
* '''Pronunciation:''' /ti/
 
* '''Usage:''' Refers to the person being spoken to, usually in an informal context.
 
Examples:
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Welsh !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
|-
| Ti || Tee || You (singular informal)
 
| Ti yw'r myfyriwr. || /ti juːr mɪˈvɪrjʊr/ || You are the student.
 
|-
|-
| Fe/ E || Veh/ E || He/ Him
 
| Ti'n hoffi siocled. || /tiːn ˈhɔfi ˈʃɒklɛd/ || You like chocolate.
 
|-
|-
| Hi || Hee || She/ Her
 
| Ti'n dod gyda fi. || /tiːn dɔd ˈɡɪðə vi/ || You are coming with me.
 
|-
|-
| Wnaeth/ Fe/ E/ Hi || Wnayth/ Veh/ E/ Hee || It
 
| Ti'n mynd i'r gêm. || /tiːn mɪnd iːr ɡɛm/ || You are going to the game.
 
|}
 
==== 3. He (ef) ====
 
* '''Welsh:''' ef
 
* '''Pronunciation:''' /ɛv/
 
* '''Usage:''' Refers to a male subject.
 
Examples:
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Welsh !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
|-
| Ni || Nee || We
 
| Ef yw'r doctor. || /ɛv juːr ˈdɒktər/ || He is the doctor.
 
|-
|-
| Chwi || Hwee || You (plural or formal)
 
| Mae ef yn hapus. || /maɪ ɛv ɪn ˈhɑpɪs/ || He is happy.
 
|-
|-
| NHw || N-hoo || They (masculine or mixed)
 
| Mae ef yn chwarae pêl-droed. || /maɪ ɛv ɪn ˈχwaːrə pɛlˈdrɔɪd/ || He plays football.
 
|-
|-
| _Hi || _Hee || They (feminine)
 
| Mae ef yn byw yn Abertawe. || /maɪ ɛv ɪn ˈbɪv ɪn ˈaːbərtaʊe/ || He lives in Swansea.
 
|}
|}


Note: The forms "Fe" and "E" are used in North Wales, whereas "E" is more common in South Wales. "Hwi" and "NhW" are used instead of "Chwi" and "Hwy" respectively in many dialects of Welsh.
==== 4. She (hi) ====


Here are some examples of the use of Welsh personal pronouns:
* '''Welsh:''' hi


* Fi yw'r athro. (I am the teacher.)
* '''Pronunciation:''' /hi/
* Ti hoffi coffi? (Do you like coffee?)
* Mae fe'n iaith Saesneg. (He speaks English.)
* Hi'n canu'n dda. (She sings well.)
* Wnaeth y gath fywilydd. (The cat caused the annoyance.)
* Ni ydym yn mynd i'r dref. (We are going to town.)
* Chwi'n hoffi bwyd Cymraeg? (Do you like Welsh food?)
* NHw'n byw yno ers blynyddoedd. (They have been living there for years.)
* _Hi'n astudio yng Nghaerdydd. (They [feminine] are studying in Cardiff.)


== Verbs and Personal Pronouns ==
* '''Usage:''' Refers to a female subject.


In Welsh, the form of the verb changes depending on the personal pronoun and tense. The personal pronouns also represent the subject of the sentence, and this affects the form of the verb.
Examples:


Here is an example of how to form a simple sentence using a personal pronoun and a verb:
{| class="wikitable"


* Fe ddysgais i Gymraeg. (I learned Welsh.)
! Welsh !! Pronunciation !! English


In this example, "Fe" represents the personal pronoun "I", and "ddysgais" is the verb "learned" in the past tense. The verb form "ddysgais" changes depending on the subject of the sentence.
|-


Another example:
| Hi yw'r athrawes. || /hi juːr ˈaθraʊɛs/ || She is the teacher (female).


* Dw i'n hoffi coffi. (I like coffee.)
|-


In this example, "Dw i'n" is the present tense form of "I am", and "hoffi" means "like". Again, the verb form "hoffi" does not change depending on the subject, but the personal pronoun "Dw i'n" represents "I".
| Mae hi'n dysgu Cymraeg. || /maɪ hiːn ˈdɪsɡɪ ˈkʊmraɪɡ/ || She is learning Welsh.


Here are some more examples of how personal pronouns are used in Welsh sentences:
|-


* Ti sy'n siarad Cymraeg? (Are you [singular informal] speaking Welsh?)
| Hi'n mwynhau cerddoriaeth. || /hiːn ˈmʊɪnˈhaɪ ˈkɛrðɔrjɛθ/ || She enjoys music.
* Mae fe wedi gwneud pethau da. (He has done good things.)
* Hi fydd yn ôl yn fuan. (She will be back soon.)
* Ni ddeallwn yr hyn roedd e'n ei ddweud. (We did not understand what he was saying.)
* Chwi sy'n meddwl bod e'n iawn. (You [plural or formal] think it's okay.)
* NHw'n cerdded i'r parc. (They [masculine or mixed] are walking to the park.)
* _Hi'n yfed bara a chaws. (They [feminine] are eating bread and cheese.)


== Emphatic Personal Pronouns ==
|-
 
| Mae hi'n byw yng Nghymru. || /maɪ hiːn bɪv ɪn ˈhəmri/ || She lives in Wales.


In Welsh, personal pronouns can be used for emphasis. This is particularly common in spoken Welsh, and is often used to clarify the subject of a sentence. Emphatic pronouns are usually placed after the verb in Welsh.
|}


Here are some examples of how to use emphatic personal pronouns:
==== 5. It (fe/hi) ====


* Dwi'n siarad Cymraeg fi! (I'm speaking Welsh!)
* '''Welsh:''' fe (masculine), hi (feminine)
* Dw i'n caru coffi iawn iawn iawn iawn fi! (I really really really really love coffee!)
* Mae e wedi mynd i'r sine maes o lawer o weithiau. (He has gone to the cinema many times.)
* Mae hi wastad yn wynebu heriau newydd. (She always faces new challenges.)


== Possessive Pronouns ==
* '''Pronunciation:''' /vɛ/ (masculine), /hi/ (feminine)


In Welsh, possessive pronouns are formed by adding "-ad" or "-iad" to the stem of the personal pronoun, depending on the context. This is similar to the English "-s" or "'s".
* '''Usage:''' Refers to objects or animals, gendered according to the noun's gender.


Here is a table with the most common Welsh possessive pronouns and their English translation:
Examples:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Welsh !! Pronunciation !! English
! Welsh !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| fy || vee || my
 
| Mae fe'n eira. || /maɪ vɛn ˈeɪrə/ || It is snow.
 
|-
|-
| dy || dee || your (singular informal)
 
| Mae hi'n sŵn. || /maɪ hɪn suːn/ || It is noisy.
 
|-
|-
| ei || ay || his/ her/ its
 
| Mae fe'n ddŵr. || /maɪ vɛn ðʊr/ || It is water.
 
|-
|-
| ein || ine || our
 
| Mae hi'n flodau. || /maɪ hɪn ˈblɔdaɪ/ || It is flowers.
 
|}
 
==== 6. We (ni) ====
 
* '''Welsh:''' ni
 
* '''Pronunciation:''' /ni/
 
* '''Usage:''' Refers to the speaker and one or more others.
 
Examples:
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Welsh !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
|-
| eich || aykh || your (plural or formal)
 
| Ni yw'r myfyrwyr. || /ni juːr mɪˈvɪrjʊr/ || We are the students.
 
|-
 
| Ni'n mynd i'r sinema. || /niːn mɪnd iːr sɪˈnɛma/ || We are going to the cinema.
 
|-
|-
| eu || ay || their (masculine or mixed)
 
| Ni'n chwilio am ffrindiau. || /niːn ˈχwɪlɪo æm ˈfrɪndjæɪ/ || We are looking for friends.
 
|-
|-
| eu || ay || their (feminine)
 
| Ni'n mwynhau cerddoriaeth. || /niːn ˈmʊɪnˈhaɪ ˈkɛrðɔrjɛθ/ || We enjoy music.
 
|}
|}


Here are some examples of the use of Welsh possessive pronouns:
==== 7. They (nhw) ====


* Mae fy nghath i'n barod am bwyd. (My cat is ready for food.)
* '''Welsh:''' nhw
* Dy friw dy hun ydy hwn. (This is your own doing.)
* Mae ei iaith hi'n flodeuo. (Her language is flourishing.)
* Ein teulu ni ydy'r gorau. (Our family is the best.)
* Eich ty chi ydy'r mwyaf hardd. (Your house [plural or formal] is the most beautiful.)
* Eu rhieni nhw yw'r gorau. (Their parents are the best.)
* Mae eu hiaith nhw'n deg. (Their [feminine] language is fair.)


== Summary ==
* '''Pronunciation:''' /nʊ/


Welsh personal pronouns are essential for understanding and speaking Welsh. In this lesson, you have learned the Welsh personal pronouns for I, you, he, she, it, we, and they, as well as their different forms and usage. You have also learned how personal pronouns affect the form of Welsh verbs, and how to use emphatic and possessive pronouns in Welsh sentences. Keep practicing and using these pronouns every day, and you will soon become comfortable with them.
* '''Usage:''' Refers to multiple people or objects.
 
Examples:
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Welsh !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| Nhw yw'r plant. || /nʊ juːr plænt/ || They are the children.
 
|-
 
| Mae nhw'n chwarae pêl-fasged. || /maɪ nʊn ˈχwaːrə ˈpɛlˌvæskɛd/ || They play basketball.
 
|-
 
| Mae nhw'n mynd i'r parc. || /maɪ nʊn mɪnd iːr pɑrk/ || They are going to the park.
 
|-
 
| Mae nhw'n hoffi siocled. || /maɪ nʊn ˈhɔfi ˈʃɒklɛd/ || They like chocolate.
 
|}
 
=== Summary of Personal Pronouns ===
 
To summarize, here is a concise table of the personal pronouns:
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Welsh !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| fi || /vi/ || I
 
|-
 
| ti || /ti/ || you (singular)
 
|-
 
| ef || /ɛv/ || he
 
|-
 
| hi || /hi/ || she
 
|-
 
| fe/hi || /vɛ/ (masc), /hi/ (fem) || it
 
|-
 
| ni || /ni/ || we
 
|-
 
| nhw || /nʊ/ || they
 
|}
 
=== Exercises and Practice Scenarios ===
 
Now that you have a grasp on personal pronouns, let's practice what you've learned! Here are ten exercises to reinforce your understanding.
 
==== Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks ====
 
Complete the sentences with the correct personal pronoun.
 
1. _____ (I) am happy.
 
2. _____ (you, singular) are my friend.
 
3. _____ (he) is a doctor.
 
4. _____ (she) likes music.
 
5. _____ (it) is raining.
 
6. _____ (we) are going to the park.
 
7. _____ (they) are playing football.
 
''Answers:''
 
1. Fi
 
2. Ti
 
3. Ef
 
4. Hi
 
5. Fe/Hi
 
6. Ni
 
7. Nhw
 
==== Exercise 2: Match the Pronoun to the Sentence ====
 
Match each sentence to the correct personal pronoun.
 
1. _____ is my brother. 
 
2. _____ are my favorite. 
 
3. _____ loves to play. 
 
4. _____ is a beautiful day. 
 
5. _____ are going to the concert.
 
Options:
 
a) Ti 
 
b) Ni 
 
c) Ef 
 
d) Fe 
 
e) Nhw 
 
''Answers:''
 
1. c) Ef
 
2. d) Fe
 
3. a) Ti
 
4. d) Fe
 
5. b) Ni
 
==== Exercise 3: Translate to Welsh ====
 
Translate the following sentences into Welsh.
 
1. I am a student.
 
2. You (singular) are a teacher.
 
3. He loves chocolate.
 
4. She is from Cardiff.
 
5. We are going home.
 
6. They are happy.
 
''Answers:''
 
1. Fi yw'r myfyriwr.
 
2. Ti yw'r athro.
 
3. Ef yn hoffi siocled.
 
4. Hi yw o Gaerdydd.
 
5. Ni'n mynd adref.
 
6. Nhw'n hapus.
 
==== Exercise 4: Create Sentences ====
 
Using the personal pronouns provided, create your own sentences.
 
1. Fi
 
2. Ti
 
3. Ef
 
4. Hi
 
5. Ni
 
6. Nhw
 
''Example Answers:''
 
1. Fi'n mwynhau darllen. (I enjoy reading.)
 
2. Ti'n hoffi mynd am dro. (You like to go for a walk.)
 
3. Ef'n chwarae piano. (He plays the piano.)
 
4. Hi'n gweithio yn y siop. (She works in the shop.)
 
5. Ni'n edrych ymlaen at y penwythnos. (We look forward to the weekend.)
 
6. Nhw'n chwarae yn y parc. (They are playing in the park.)
 
==== Exercise 5: Pronoun Identification ====
 
Read the sentences below and identify the personal pronouns.
 
1. I love reading books.
 
2. You are my best friend.
 
3. He is studying Welsh.
 
4. She enjoys cooking.
 
5. We are going on holiday.
 
6. They are watching a movie.
 
''Answers:''
 
1. I
 
2. You
 
3. He
 
4. She
 
5. We
 
6. They
 
==== Exercise 6: Fill in the Correct Form ====
 
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the personal pronoun.
 
1. _____ (you, singular) are my hero.
 
2. _____ (we) are learning.
 
3. _____ (she) loves her cat.
 
4. _____ (he) is very tall.
 
5. _____ (they) are my friends.
 
''Answers:''
 
1. Ti
 
2. Ni
 
3. Hi
 
4. Ef
 
5. Nhw
 
==== Exercise 7: Choose the Right Pronoun ====
 
Choose the correct personal pronoun to complete the sentence.
 
1. _____ am going to the gym. (I/He)
 
2. _____ are my favorite color. (It/She)
 
3. _____ is playing outside. (They/We)
 
4. _____ loves to read. (She/They)
 
5. _____ are excited for the concert. (We/He)
 
''Answers:''
 
1. I
 
2. It
 
3. They
 
4. She
 
5. We
 
==== Exercise 8: Write Your Own Sentences ====
 
Write three sentences using different personal pronouns.
 
''Example Answers:''
 
1. Ef'n mwynhau mynd i'r traeth. (He enjoys going to the beach.)
 
2. Hi'n hoffi dysgu am hanes. (She likes learning about history.)
 
3. Ni'n chwarae gêm gyda'n ffrindiau. (We are playing a game with our friends.)
 
==== Exercise 9: Sentence Transformation ====
 
Change the personal pronoun in the following sentences.
 
1. I am learning Welsh. → _____ am learning Welsh. (You)
 
2. She is a doctor. → _____ is a doctor. (He)
 
3. We are happy. → _____ are happy. (They)
 
4. He loves pizza. → _____ loves pizza. (She)
 
5. You are my friend. → _____ are my friend. (I)
 
''Answers:''
 
1. Ti
 
2. Ef
 
3. Nhw
 
4. Hi
 
5. Fi
 
==== Exercise 10: Group Activity ====
 
In groups, create a short dialogue using personal pronouns. Take turns speaking and make sure to use at least five different pronouns in your conversation.
 
''Example Dialogue:''
 
A: Fi'n mynd i'r sinema. (I am going to the cinema.) 
 
B: Ti'n mynd gyda fi? (Are you coming with me?) 
 
A: Ni'n mynd gyda nhw hefyd. (We are going with them too.) 
 
B: Mae hi'n hapus am hynny. (She is happy about that.) 
 
A: Ie, mae ef hefyd. (Yes, he is too.) 
 
Congratulations on completing this lesson on personal pronouns! By understanding and using these pronouns, you are one step closer to expressing yourself in Welsh. Keep practicing, and soon enough, you'll find yourself weaving them seamlessly into your conversations!


{{#seo:
{{#seo:
|title=Welsh Grammar: Pronouns and Verbs - Personal Pronouns
 
|keywords=Welsh personal pronouns, Welsh verbs, Welsh grammar, Welsh language, Welsh course
|title=Welsh Grammar Lesson on Personal Pronouns
|description=Learn the Welsh personal pronouns for I, you, he, she, it, we, and they, as well as their different forms and usage. Understand how they affect the form of Welsh verbs, and how to use emphatic and possessive pronouns in Welsh sentences.
 
|keywords=Welsh personal pronouns, learn Welsh, Welsh language basics, beginner Welsh
 
|description=In this lesson, you will learn the Welsh personal pronouns for I, you, he, she, it, we, and they, and how to use them effectively in sentences.
 
}}
}}


{{Welsh-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
{{Template:Welsh-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}


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[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
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[[Category:Welsh-0-to-A1-Course]]
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<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo></span> <span temperature=1></span>
<span openai_correct_model></span> <span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-4o-mini></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
 
==Sources==
* [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Welsh/Grammar/Pronouns Welsh/Grammar/Pronouns - Wikibooks, open books for an open world]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colloquial_Welsh_morphology Colloquial Welsh morphology - Wikipedia]
* [http://www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_cwrs/cwrs_0002_ENG_rhagenwau_personol_2602e.htm Personal Pronouns in Welsh (fi, ni; ti, chwi; ef, hi, hwÿ)]




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<span class='maj'></span>
 
==Sources==
* [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Welsh/Grammar/Pronouns Welsh/Grammar/Pronouns - Wikibooks, open books for an open world]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colloquial_Welsh_morphology Colloquial Welsh morphology - Wikipedia]
* [http://www.kimkat.org/amryw/1_cwrs/cwrs_0002_ENG_rhagenwau_personol_2602e.htm Personal Pronouns in Welsh (fi, ni; ti, chwi; ef, hi, hwÿ)]


{{Welsh-Page-Bottom}}
{{Welsh-Page-Bottom}}
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{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
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|[[Language/Welsh/Grammar/To-Be-and-To-Have|Next Lesson — To Be and To Have ▶️]]
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Latest revision as of 15:05, 2 August 2024

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Welsh-Language-PolyglotClub.png
Welsh → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Personal Pronouns

Welcome to the lesson on Personal Pronouns in Welsh! As you embark on this journey of learning the Welsh language, understanding personal pronouns is crucial. They form the backbone of communication, allowing you to express who is doing what in a sentence. Whether you're discussing your day, describing your friends, or sharing stories, personal pronouns will be your trusty allies.

In this lesson, we'll cover the following key areas:

What Are Personal Pronouns?[edit | edit source]

Personal pronouns are words that replace specific nouns in a sentence, making our conversations smoother and more fluid. In Welsh, just like in English, these pronouns change depending on who or what you're referring to.

Here’s a quick rundown of the personal pronouns in Welsh:

I - fi*

You (singular) - ti*

He - ef*

She - hi*

It - fe/hi* (used based on the gender of the noun)

We - ni*

They - nhw*

Let’s dive deeper into these pronouns, their forms, and how to use them in sentences!

Personal Pronouns in Detail[edit | edit source]

Now, let's break down each personal pronoun, along with examples to illustrate their use in context.

1. I (fi)[edit | edit source]

  • Welsh: fi
  • Pronunciation: /vi/
  • Usage: Refers to the speaker.

Examples:

Welsh Pronunciation English
Fi yw'r athro. /vi juːr ˈaθro/ I am the teacher.
Fi'n mynd i'r siop. /vin mɪnd iːr ˈʃop/ I am going to the shop.
Fi'n hoffi coffi. /vin ˈhɔfi ˈkɔfi/ I like coffee.
Fi'n byw yng Nghymru. /vin bɪu ɪŋ ˈhəmri/ I live in Wales.

2. You (singular) (ti)[edit | edit source]

  • Welsh: ti
  • Pronunciation: /ti/
  • Usage: Refers to the person being spoken to, usually in an informal context.

Examples:

Welsh Pronunciation English
Ti yw'r myfyriwr. /ti juːr mɪˈvɪrjʊr/ You are the student.
Ti'n hoffi siocled. /tiːn ˈhɔfi ˈʃɒklɛd/ You like chocolate.
Ti'n dod gyda fi. /tiːn dɔd ˈɡɪðə vi/ You are coming with me.
Ti'n mynd i'r gêm. /tiːn mɪnd iːr ɡɛm/ You are going to the game.

3. He (ef)[edit | edit source]

  • Welsh: ef
  • Pronunciation: /ɛv/
  • Usage: Refers to a male subject.

Examples:

Welsh Pronunciation English
Ef yw'r doctor. /ɛv juːr ˈdɒktər/ He is the doctor.
Mae ef yn hapus. /maɪ ɛv ɪn ˈhɑpɪs/ He is happy.
Mae ef yn chwarae pêl-droed. /maɪ ɛv ɪn ˈχwaːrə pɛlˈdrɔɪd/ He plays football.
Mae ef yn byw yn Abertawe. /maɪ ɛv ɪn ˈbɪv ɪn ˈaːbərtaʊe/ He lives in Swansea.

4. She (hi)[edit | edit source]

  • Welsh: hi
  • Pronunciation: /hi/
  • Usage: Refers to a female subject.

Examples:

Welsh Pronunciation English
Hi yw'r athrawes. /hi juːr ˈaθraʊɛs/ She is the teacher (female).
Mae hi'n dysgu Cymraeg. /maɪ hiːn ˈdɪsɡɪ ˈkʊmraɪɡ/ She is learning Welsh.
Hi'n mwynhau cerddoriaeth. /hiːn ˈmʊɪnˈhaɪ ˈkɛrðɔrjɛθ/ She enjoys music.
Mae hi'n byw yng Nghymru. /maɪ hiːn bɪv ɪn ˈhəmri/ She lives in Wales.

5. It (fe/hi)[edit | edit source]

  • Welsh: fe (masculine), hi (feminine)
  • Pronunciation: /vɛ/ (masculine), /hi/ (feminine)
  • Usage: Refers to objects or animals, gendered according to the noun's gender.

Examples:

Welsh Pronunciation English
Mae fe'n eira. /maɪ vɛn ˈeɪrə/ It is snow.
Mae hi'n sŵn. /maɪ hɪn suːn/ It is noisy.
Mae fe'n ddŵr. /maɪ vɛn ðʊr/ It is water.
Mae hi'n flodau. /maɪ hɪn ˈblɔdaɪ/ It is flowers.

6. We (ni)[edit | edit source]

  • Welsh: ni
  • Pronunciation: /ni/
  • Usage: Refers to the speaker and one or more others.

Examples:

Welsh Pronunciation English
Ni yw'r myfyrwyr. /ni juːr mɪˈvɪrjʊr/ We are the students.
Ni'n mynd i'r sinema. /niːn mɪnd iːr sɪˈnɛma/ We are going to the cinema.
Ni'n chwilio am ffrindiau. /niːn ˈχwɪlɪo æm ˈfrɪndjæɪ/ We are looking for friends.
Ni'n mwynhau cerddoriaeth. /niːn ˈmʊɪnˈhaɪ ˈkɛrðɔrjɛθ/ We enjoy music.

7. They (nhw)[edit | edit source]

  • Welsh: nhw
  • Pronunciation: /nʊ/
  • Usage: Refers to multiple people or objects.

Examples:

Welsh Pronunciation English
Nhw yw'r plant. /nʊ juːr plænt/ They are the children.
Mae nhw'n chwarae pêl-fasged. /maɪ nʊn ˈχwaːrə ˈpɛlˌvæskɛd/ They play basketball.
Mae nhw'n mynd i'r parc. /maɪ nʊn mɪnd iːr pɑrk/ They are going to the park.
Mae nhw'n hoffi siocled. /maɪ nʊn ˈhɔfi ˈʃɒklɛd/ They like chocolate.

Summary of Personal Pronouns[edit | edit source]

To summarize, here is a concise table of the personal pronouns:

Welsh Pronunciation English
fi /vi/ I
ti /ti/ you (singular)
ef /ɛv/ he
hi /hi/ she
fe/hi /vɛ/ (masc), /hi/ (fem) it
ni /ni/ we
nhw /nʊ/ they

Exercises and Practice Scenarios[edit | edit source]

Now that you have a grasp on personal pronouns, let's practice what you've learned! Here are ten exercises to reinforce your understanding.

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Complete the sentences with the correct personal pronoun.

1. _____ (I) am happy.

2. _____ (you, singular) are my friend.

3. _____ (he) is a doctor.

4. _____ (she) likes music.

5. _____ (it) is raining.

6. _____ (we) are going to the park.

7. _____ (they) are playing football.

Answers:

1. Fi

2. Ti

3. Ef

4. Hi

5. Fe/Hi

6. Ni

7. Nhw

Exercise 2: Match the Pronoun to the Sentence[edit | edit source]

Match each sentence to the correct personal pronoun.

1. _____ is my brother.

2. _____ are my favorite.

3. _____ loves to play.

4. _____ is a beautiful day.

5. _____ are going to the concert.

Options:

a) Ti

b) Ni

c) Ef

d) Fe

e) Nhw

Answers:

1. c) Ef

2. d) Fe

3. a) Ti

4. d) Fe

5. b) Ni

Exercise 3: Translate to Welsh[edit | edit source]

Translate the following sentences into Welsh.

1. I am a student.

2. You (singular) are a teacher.

3. He loves chocolate.

4. She is from Cardiff.

5. We are going home.

6. They are happy.

Answers:

1. Fi yw'r myfyriwr.

2. Ti yw'r athro.

3. Ef yn hoffi siocled.

4. Hi yw o Gaerdydd.

5. Ni'n mynd adref.

6. Nhw'n hapus.

Exercise 4: Create Sentences[edit | edit source]

Using the personal pronouns provided, create your own sentences.

1. Fi

2. Ti

3. Ef

4. Hi

5. Ni

6. Nhw

Example Answers:

1. Fi'n mwynhau darllen. (I enjoy reading.)

2. Ti'n hoffi mynd am dro. (You like to go for a walk.)

3. Ef'n chwarae piano. (He plays the piano.)

4. Hi'n gweithio yn y siop. (She works in the shop.)

5. Ni'n edrych ymlaen at y penwythnos. (We look forward to the weekend.)

6. Nhw'n chwarae yn y parc. (They are playing in the park.)

Exercise 5: Pronoun Identification[edit | edit source]

Read the sentences below and identify the personal pronouns.

1. I love reading books.

2. You are my best friend.

3. He is studying Welsh.

4. She enjoys cooking.

5. We are going on holiday.

6. They are watching a movie.

Answers:

1. I

2. You

3. He

4. She

5. We

6. They

Exercise 6: Fill in the Correct Form[edit | edit source]

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the personal pronoun.

1. _____ (you, singular) are my hero.

2. _____ (we) are learning.

3. _____ (she) loves her cat.

4. _____ (he) is very tall.

5. _____ (they) are my friends.

Answers:

1. Ti

2. Ni

3. Hi

4. Ef

5. Nhw

Exercise 7: Choose the Right Pronoun[edit | edit source]

Choose the correct personal pronoun to complete the sentence.

1. _____ am going to the gym. (I/He)

2. _____ are my favorite color. (It/She)

3. _____ is playing outside. (They/We)

4. _____ loves to read. (She/They)

5. _____ are excited for the concert. (We/He)

Answers:

1. I

2. It

3. They

4. She

5. We

Exercise 8: Write Your Own Sentences[edit | edit source]

Write three sentences using different personal pronouns.

Example Answers:

1. Ef'n mwynhau mynd i'r traeth. (He enjoys going to the beach.)

2. Hi'n hoffi dysgu am hanes. (She likes learning about history.)

3. Ni'n chwarae gêm gyda'n ffrindiau. (We are playing a game with our friends.)

Exercise 9: Sentence Transformation[edit | edit source]

Change the personal pronoun in the following sentences.

1. I am learning Welsh. → _____ am learning Welsh. (You)

2. She is a doctor. → _____ is a doctor. (He)

3. We are happy. → _____ are happy. (They)

4. He loves pizza. → _____ loves pizza. (She)

5. You are my friend. → _____ are my friend. (I)

Answers:

1. Ti

2. Ef

3. Nhw

4. Hi

5. Fi

Exercise 10: Group Activity[edit | edit source]

In groups, create a short dialogue using personal pronouns. Take turns speaking and make sure to use at least five different pronouns in your conversation.

Example Dialogue:

A: Fi'n mynd i'r sinema. (I am going to the cinema.)

B: Ti'n mynd gyda fi? (Are you coming with me?)

A: Ni'n mynd gyda nhw hefyd. (We are going with them too.)

B: Mae hi'n hapus am hynny. (She is happy about that.)

A: Ie, mae ef hefyd. (Yes, he is too.)

Congratulations on completing this lesson on personal pronouns! By understanding and using these pronouns, you are one step closer to expressing yourself in Welsh. Keep practicing, and soon enough, you'll find yourself weaving them seamlessly into your conversations!

Table of Contents - Welsh Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Greetings and Introductions


Pronouns and Verbs


Numbers and Time


Questions and Negation


Family and Relationships


Adjectives and Adverbs


Food and Drink


Prepositions and Conjunctions


Welsh Traditions and Celebrations


Hobbies and Leisure


Present Continuous and Future


Travel and Transportation


Welsh Literature and History

Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]




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