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{{Standard-estonian-Page-Top}}
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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Standard-estonian|Standard Estonian]]  → [[Language/Standard-estonian/Vocabulary|Vocabulary]] → [[Language/Standard-estonian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Numbers and counting</div>
Welcome to the lesson on '''Standard Estonian Vocabulary → Numbers and Counting'''! Understanding numbers is essential for everyday communication, whether you're shopping, telling time, or just counting objects. In this lesson, we will take a deep dive into Estonian numbers from 1 to 100, exploring their pronunciation and usage in various contexts. By the end of this lesson, you will be comfortable with counting in Estonian and using numbers in your daily conversations.


<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Standard-estonian|Standard Estonian]]  → [[Language/Standard-estonian/Vocabulary|Vocabulary]] → Numbers and counting</div>
__TOC__
__TOC__


==Introduction==
=== Importance of Numbers in Estonian ===
<p>Welcome to the "Complete 0 to A1 Standard Estonian Course"! In this lesson, we will introduce you to the Estonian numbers and counting. Numbers are essential to communicate basic information, such as prices, dates, times, and quantities. You will learn how to pronounce numbers, how to count, and how to use them in real-life situations. We hope you will find this lesson engaging and informative!</p>
 
Numbers are foundational elements of any language. They help us quantify, measure, and navigate through daily life. In Estonian, numbers are not only used for counting but also play a role in expressing time, prices, and quantities. Mastering numbers will significantly enhance your ability to communicate effectively in Estonian.
 
=== Structure of the Lesson ===
 
This lesson is structured as follows:
 
* '''Introduction to Numbers''': We will cover the basic numbers from 1 to 10, followed by 11 to 100.
 
* '''Examples''': Each number will be illustrated with examples to help you understand their pronunciation and context.
 
* '''Exercises''': We will practice what we've learned with interactive exercises, complete with solutions for self-assessment.
 
== Introduction to Numbers ==
 
=== Numbers 1 to 10 ===
 
Let’s start with the numbers from 1 to 10. Here’s a useful table to help you get familiar with their pronunciation and English translations:
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Standard Estonian !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| üks || [ʏks] || one
 
|-
 
| kaks || [kɑks] || two
 
|-
 
| kolm || [kɔlm] || three
 
|-
 
| neli || [ˈne.li] || four


|-


<span link>Consider broadening your understanding by checking out these related lessons: [[Language/Standard-estonian/Vocabulary/Numbers-1-100|Numbers 1 100]] & [[Language/Standard-estonian/Vocabulary/Feelings-and-Emotions|Feelings and Emotions]].</span>
| viis || [viːs] || five
==Estonian numbers==
<p>Estonian numbers are part of the Finno-Ugric language family, and they have a unique system of counting. In Estonian, the numbers are formed by adding suffixes to the root. The suffix varies according to the case, gender, and quantity of the noun that is being counted. For example, the suffix for "one" in the nominative case is "-üks", but it changes to "-kaks" for "two".</p>


===Cardinal numbers===
|-
<p>Let's start with the basic numbers:</p>
<table class="wikitable">
<tr>
<th>Standard Estonian</th>
<th>Pronunciation</th>
<th>English Translation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>üks</td>
<td>[yks]</td>
<td>one</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>kaks</td>
<td>[käks]</td>
<td>two</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>kolm</td>
<td>[kolm]</td>
<td>three</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>neli</td>
<td>[neli]</td>
<td>four</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>viis</td>
<td>[viis]</td>
<td>five</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>kuus</td>
<td>[kuus]</td>
<td>six</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>seitse</td>
<td>[seitse]</td>
<td>seven</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>kaheksa</td>
<td>[kaheksa]</td>
<td>eight</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>üheksa</td>
<td>[üheksa]</td>
<td>nine</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>kümme</td>
<td>[kymme]</td>
<td>ten</td>
</tr>
</table>


===Ordinal numbers===
| kuus || [kuːs] || six
<p>Estonian ordinal numbers are formed by adding the suffix "-esimene" to the cardinal number. For example, "kolmas" (third) is formed by adding "-esimene" to "kolm" (three).</p>
<table class="wikitable">
<tr>
<th>Standard Estonian</th>
<th>Pronunciation</th>
<th>English Translation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>esimene</td>
<td>[esimene]</td>
<td>first</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>teine</td>
<td>[teine]</td>
<td>second</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>kolmas</td>
<td>[kolmas]</td>
<td>third</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>neljas</td>
<td>[neljas]</td>
<td>fourth</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>viies</td>
<td>[viies]</td>
<td>fifth</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>kuues</td>
<td>[kuues]</td>
<td>sixth</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>seitsmes</td>
<td>[seitsmes]</td>
<td>seventh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>kaheksas</td>
<td>[kaheksas]</td>
<td>eighth</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>üheksas</td>
<td>[üheksas]</td>
<td>ninth</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>kümnes</td>
<td>[kymnes]</td>
<td>tenth</td>
</tr>
</table>


==Counting in Estonian==
|-
<p>Counting in Estonian is relatively easy once you know the numbers. Here are some important words and expressions:</p>
<ul>
<li>kogus - quantity</li>
<li>maalim - dozen</li>
<li>sada - hundred</li>
<li>tuhat - thousand</li>
</ul>
<p>Let's see some examples:</p>
<table class="wikitable">
<tr>
<th>Standard Estonian</th>
<th>Pronunciation</th>
<th>English Translation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>kaks kogus</td>
<td>[käks kogus]</td>
<td>two units</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>kolm maalim</td>
<td>[kolm maalim]</td>
<td>three dozens</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>viis sada</td>
<td>[viis sada]</td>
<td>five hundreds</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>kaheksa tuhat</td>
<td>[kaheksa tuhat]</td>
<td>eight thousands</td>
</tr>
</table>


==Using numbers in sentences==
| seitse || [ˈseɪ.t͡sɛ] || seven
<p>Now, let's see some examples of how to use numbers in sentences:</p>


<ul>
|-
<li>Ma ostan kolm õuna. (I buy three apples.)</li>
<li>Meil on viis koera. (We have five dogs.)</li>
<li>Mitu kassi sa omad? (How many cats do you have?)</li>
<li>Meie klassis on kaheksa õpilast. (There are eight students in our class.)</li>
</ul>


==Conclusion==
| kaheksa || [ˈkɑ.ħɛk.sɑ] || eight
<p>We hope this lesson has been useful to you in learning Estonian numbers and counting. Practice counting and using numbers in everyday situations to reinforce your learning. In the next lesson, we will learn about the Estonian vocabulary related to days, months, and seasons. Happy learning!</p>


|-
| üheksa || [ˈy.ɪɡ.sɑ] || nine
|-
| kümme || [ˈkʏ.mɛ] || ten
|}
=== Numbers 11 to 20 ===
Continuing on, here are the numbers from 11 to 20:
{| class="wikitable"
! Standard Estonian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| üksteist || [ˈʏks.teɪst] || eleven
|-
| kaksteist || [ˈkɑks.teɪst] || twelve
|-
| kolmteist || [ˈkɔlm.teɪst] || thirteen
|-
| neliteist || [ˈne.li.teɪst] || fourteen
|-
| viisteist || [ˈviːs.teɪst] || fifteen
|-
| kuusteist || [ˈkuːs.teɪst] || sixteen
|-
| seitseteist || [ˈseɪt͡sɛ.teɪst] || seventeen
|-
| kaheksateist || [ˈkɑ.ħɛk.sɑ.teɪst] || eighteen
|-
| üheksateist || [ˈy.ɪɡ.sɑ.teɪst] || nineteen
|-
| kakskümmend || [ˈkɑks.kʏ.mɛnd] || twenty
|}
=== Numbers 21 to 100 ===
Now, let’s explore how we form numbers from 21 to 100. Numbers 21-29 are formed by combining "kakskümmend" (twenty) with the numbers 1-9. For example:
* 21: kakskümmend üks [ˈkɑks.kʏ.mɛnd ʏks] (twenty-one)
* 22: kakskümmend kaks [ˈkɑks.kʏ.mɛnd kɑks] (twenty-two)
* Continue this pattern up to 29.
Here’s how the tens are structured:
* 30: kolmkümmend [ˈkɔlm.kʏ.mɛnd]
* 40: nelikümmend [ˈne.li.kʏ.mɛnd]
* 50: viiskümmend [ˈviːs.kʏ.mɛnd]
* 60: kuuskümmend [ˈkuːs.kʏ.mɛnd]
* 70: seitsekümmend [ˈseɪt͡sɛ.kʏ.mɛnd]
* 80: kaheksakümmend [ˈkɑ.ħɛk.sɑ.kʏ.mɛnd]
* 90: üheksakümmend [ˈy.ɪɡ.sɑ.kʏ.mɛnd]
* 100: sada [ˈsɑ.dɑ]
And we can demonstrate this pattern in a table:
{| class="wikitable"
! Standard Estonian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| kakskümmend üks || [ˈkɑks.kʏ.mɛnd ʏks] || twenty-one
|-
| kakskümmend kaks || [ˈkɑks.kʏ.mɛnd kɑks] || twenty-two
|-
| kakskümmend kolm || [ˈkɑks.kʏ.mɛnd kɔlm] || twenty-three
|-
| kakskümmend neli || [ˈkɑks.kʏ.mɛnd ˈne.li] || twenty-four
|-
| kakskümmend viis || [ˈkɑks.kʏ.mɛnd viːs] || twenty-five
|-
| kolmkümmend || [ˈkɔlm.kʏ.mɛnd] || thirty
|-
| nelikümmend || [ˈne.li.kʏ.mɛnd] || forty
|-
| viiskümmend || [ˈviːs.kʏ.mɛnd] || fifty
|-
| kuuskümmend || [ˈkuːs.kʏ.mɛnd] || sixty
|-
| seitsekümmend || [ˈseɪt͡sɛ.kʏ.mɛnd] || seventy
|-
| kaheksakümmend || [ˈkɑ.ħɛk.sɑ.kʏ.mɛnd] || eighty
|-
| üheksakümmend || [ˈy.ɪɡ.sɑ.kʏ.mɛnd] || ninety
|-
| sada || [ˈsɑ.dɑ] || one hundred
|}
== Practice Exercises ==
Now that we've covered the essential numbers, it's time to practice! Below are some exercises designed to reinforce what you've learned.
=== Exercise 1: Number Recognition ===
Match the Estonian numbers to their English equivalents.
1. 5 
2. 12 
3. 18 
4. 21 
5. 100 
'''Answers''':
* 1: viis
* 2: kaksteist
* 3: kaheksateist
* 4: kakskümmend üks
* 5: sada
=== Exercise 2: Fill in the Blanks ===
Complete the sentences with the correct Estonian numbers.
1. Ma nägin ___ (five) koera. 
2. Mul on ___ (three) õuna. 
3. Ta ostis ___ (twenty) raamatut. 
'''Answers''':
1. viit
2. kolm
3. kakskümmend
=== Exercise 3: Counting Objects ===
Count the objects and write the number in Estonian.
* Apples: 🍏🍏🍏🍏🍏 
* Books: 📚📚📚 
* Cars: 🚗🚗🚗🚗🚗🚗🚗 
'''Answers''':
* Apples: viis
* Books: kolm
* Cars: seitse
=== Exercise 4: Time to Tell the Time ===
What time is it if you say "kaks" in Estonian?
'''Answer''': "Kaks" means "two," so it would be 2:00.
=== Exercise 5: Number Combinations ===
Combine the Estonian tens and units to form the correct numbers.
1. 34 
2. 57 
3. 82 
'''Answers''':
1. kolmkümmend neli
2. viiskümmend seitse
3. kaheksakümmend kaks
=== Exercise 6: Translate the Numbers ===
Translate the following English numbers to Estonian.
1. twenty-three 
2. forty-five 
3. sixty-nine 
'''Answers''':
1. kakskümmend kolm
2. nelikümmend viis
3. kuuskümmend üheksa
=== Exercise 7: Number Sequence ===
What comes next in this sequence? 1, 2, 3, ___
'''Answer''': 4 (neli)
=== Exercise 8: Word Problems ===
Solve the following problem:
If you have 2 apples and you buy 5 more, how many do you have in Estonian?
'''Answer''': Seitsme õuna. (seven apples)
=== Exercise 9: Choose the Correct Number ===
Choose the correct Estonian number for the following quantities:
* How many days are in a week? 
* How many fingers do you have on one hand? 
'''Answers''':
* seitse (seven)
* viis (five)
=== Exercise 10: Listening Practice ===
Listen to the teacher say the following numbers and write them down in Estonian:
* 13
* 25
* 99
'''Answers''':
* 13: kolmteist
* 25: kakskümmend viis
* 99: üheksakümmend üheksa
== Conclusion ==
You have now completed the lesson on Standard Estonian Vocabulary for Numbers and Counting! Remember that practice makes perfect. Continue using numbers in your daily life to reinforce your learning. Whether it's counting items, telling time, or discussing prices, the more you use Estonian numbers, the more comfortable you'll become.
Keep practicing, and soon enough, numbers will become second nature to you in Estonian!


<span link>Excellent job on conquering this lesson! Consider delving into these related pages: [[Language/Standard-estonian/Vocabulary/Work-and-employment|Work and employment]] & [[Language/Standard-estonian/Vocabulary/Animal|Animal]].</span>
{{#seo:
{{#seo:
|title=Standard Estonian Vocabulary - Numbers and counting
 
|keywords=Estonian numbers, counting in Estonian, Estonian vocabulary, Estonian course, learn Estonian
|title=Standard Estonian Vocabulary: Numbers and Counting
|description=In this lesson, you will learn the Estonian numbers and how to count in Estonian. Check out this interesting lesson and discover a unique system of counting!
 
|keywords=Estonian numbers, counting in Estonian, Estonian vocabulary, learn Estonian
 
|description=In this lesson, you will learn Estonian numbers from 1 to 100 along with examples and exercises to reinforce your understanding of counting in Estonian.
 
}}
}}
{{Template:Standard-estonian-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
[[Category:Course]]
[[Category:Standard-estonian-Course]]
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[[Category:Standard-estonian-0-to-A1-Course]]
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==Other Lessons==
==Other Lessons==
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* [[Language/Standard-estonian/Vocabulary/Family-and-friends|Family and friends]]
* [[Language/Standard-estonian/Vocabulary/Family-and-friends|Family and friends]]
* [[Language/Standard-estonian/Vocabulary/Weather|Weather]]
* [[Language/Standard-estonian/Vocabulary/Weather|Weather]]


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Latest revision as of 15:39, 1 August 2024


Estonia-Timeline-PolyglotClub.jpg
Standard Estonian → Vocabulary → 0 to A1 Course → Numbers and counting

Welcome to the lesson on Standard Estonian Vocabulary → Numbers and Counting! Understanding numbers is essential for everyday communication, whether you're shopping, telling time, or just counting objects. In this lesson, we will take a deep dive into Estonian numbers from 1 to 100, exploring their pronunciation and usage in various contexts. By the end of this lesson, you will be comfortable with counting in Estonian and using numbers in your daily conversations.

Importance of Numbers in Estonian[edit | edit source]

Numbers are foundational elements of any language. They help us quantify, measure, and navigate through daily life. In Estonian, numbers are not only used for counting but also play a role in expressing time, prices, and quantities. Mastering numbers will significantly enhance your ability to communicate effectively in Estonian.

Structure of the Lesson[edit | edit source]

This lesson is structured as follows:

  • Introduction to Numbers: We will cover the basic numbers from 1 to 10, followed by 11 to 100.
  • Examples: Each number will be illustrated with examples to help you understand their pronunciation and context.
  • Exercises: We will practice what we've learned with interactive exercises, complete with solutions for self-assessment.

Introduction to Numbers[edit | edit source]

Numbers 1 to 10[edit | edit source]

Let’s start with the numbers from 1 to 10. Here’s a useful table to help you get familiar with their pronunciation and English translations:

Standard Estonian Pronunciation English
üks [ʏks] one
kaks [kɑks] two
kolm [kɔlm] three
neli [ˈne.li] four
viis [viːs] five
kuus [kuːs] six
seitse [ˈseɪ.t͡sɛ] seven
kaheksa [ˈkɑ.ħɛk.sɑ] eight
üheksa [ˈy.ɪɡ.sɑ] nine
kümme [ˈkʏ.mɛ] ten

Numbers 11 to 20[edit | edit source]

Continuing on, here are the numbers from 11 to 20:

Standard Estonian Pronunciation English
üksteist [ˈʏks.teɪst] eleven
kaksteist [ˈkɑks.teɪst] twelve
kolmteist [ˈkɔlm.teɪst] thirteen
neliteist [ˈne.li.teɪst] fourteen
viisteist [ˈviːs.teɪst] fifteen
kuusteist [ˈkuːs.teɪst] sixteen
seitseteist [ˈseɪt͡sɛ.teɪst] seventeen
kaheksateist [ˈkɑ.ħɛk.sɑ.teɪst] eighteen
üheksateist [ˈy.ɪɡ.sɑ.teɪst] nineteen
kakskümmend [ˈkɑks.kʏ.mɛnd] twenty

Numbers 21 to 100[edit | edit source]

Now, let’s explore how we form numbers from 21 to 100. Numbers 21-29 are formed by combining "kakskümmend" (twenty) with the numbers 1-9. For example:

  • 21: kakskümmend üks [ˈkɑks.kʏ.mɛnd ʏks] (twenty-one)
  • 22: kakskümmend kaks [ˈkɑks.kʏ.mɛnd kɑks] (twenty-two)
  • Continue this pattern up to 29.

Here’s how the tens are structured:

  • 30: kolmkümmend [ˈkɔlm.kʏ.mɛnd]
  • 40: nelikümmend [ˈne.li.kʏ.mɛnd]
  • 50: viiskümmend [ˈviːs.kʏ.mɛnd]
  • 60: kuuskümmend [ˈkuːs.kʏ.mɛnd]
  • 70: seitsekümmend [ˈseɪt͡sɛ.kʏ.mɛnd]
  • 80: kaheksakümmend [ˈkɑ.ħɛk.sɑ.kʏ.mɛnd]
  • 90: üheksakümmend [ˈy.ɪɡ.sɑ.kʏ.mɛnd]
  • 100: sada [ˈsɑ.dɑ]

And we can demonstrate this pattern in a table:

Standard Estonian Pronunciation English
kakskümmend üks [ˈkɑks.kʏ.mɛnd ʏks] twenty-one
kakskümmend kaks [ˈkɑks.kʏ.mɛnd kɑks] twenty-two
kakskümmend kolm [ˈkɑks.kʏ.mɛnd kɔlm] twenty-three
kakskümmend neli [ˈkɑks.kʏ.mɛnd ˈne.li] twenty-four
kakskümmend viis [ˈkɑks.kʏ.mɛnd viːs] twenty-five
kolmkümmend [ˈkɔlm.kʏ.mɛnd] thirty
nelikümmend [ˈne.li.kʏ.mɛnd] forty
viiskümmend [ˈviːs.kʏ.mɛnd] fifty
kuuskümmend [ˈkuːs.kʏ.mɛnd] sixty
seitsekümmend [ˈseɪt͡sɛ.kʏ.mɛnd] seventy
kaheksakümmend [ˈkɑ.ħɛk.sɑ.kʏ.mɛnd] eighty
üheksakümmend [ˈy.ɪɡ.sɑ.kʏ.mɛnd] ninety
sada [ˈsɑ.dɑ] one hundred

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now that we've covered the essential numbers, it's time to practice! Below are some exercises designed to reinforce what you've learned.

Exercise 1: Number Recognition[edit | edit source]

Match the Estonian numbers to their English equivalents.

1. 5

2. 12

3. 18

4. 21

5. 100

Answers:

  • 1: viis
  • 2: kaksteist
  • 3: kaheksateist
  • 4: kakskümmend üks
  • 5: sada

Exercise 2: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Complete the sentences with the correct Estonian numbers.

1. Ma nägin ___ (five) koera.

2. Mul on ___ (three) õuna.

3. Ta ostis ___ (twenty) raamatut.

Answers:

1. viit

2. kolm

3. kakskümmend

Exercise 3: Counting Objects[edit | edit source]

Count the objects and write the number in Estonian.

  • Apples: 🍏🍏🍏🍏🍏
  • Books: 📚📚📚
  • Cars: 🚗🚗🚗🚗🚗🚗🚗

Answers:

  • Apples: viis
  • Books: kolm
  • Cars: seitse

Exercise 4: Time to Tell the Time[edit | edit source]

What time is it if you say "kaks" in Estonian?

Answer: "Kaks" means "two," so it would be 2:00.

Exercise 5: Number Combinations[edit | edit source]

Combine the Estonian tens and units to form the correct numbers.

1. 34

2. 57

3. 82

Answers:

1. kolmkümmend neli

2. viiskümmend seitse

3. kaheksakümmend kaks

Exercise 6: Translate the Numbers[edit | edit source]

Translate the following English numbers to Estonian.

1. twenty-three

2. forty-five

3. sixty-nine

Answers:

1. kakskümmend kolm

2. nelikümmend viis

3. kuuskümmend üheksa

Exercise 7: Number Sequence[edit | edit source]

What comes next in this sequence? 1, 2, 3, ___

Answer: 4 (neli)

Exercise 8: Word Problems[edit | edit source]

Solve the following problem:

If you have 2 apples and you buy 5 more, how many do you have in Estonian?

Answer: Seitsme õuna. (seven apples)

Exercise 9: Choose the Correct Number[edit | edit source]

Choose the correct Estonian number for the following quantities:

  • How many days are in a week?
  • How many fingers do you have on one hand?

Answers:

  • seitse (seven)
  • viis (five)

Exercise 10: Listening Practice[edit | edit source]

Listen to the teacher say the following numbers and write them down in Estonian:

  • 13
  • 25
  • 99

Answers:

  • 13: kolmteist
  • 25: kakskümmend viis
  • 99: üheksakümmend üheksa

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

You have now completed the lesson on Standard Estonian Vocabulary for Numbers and Counting! Remember that practice makes perfect. Continue using numbers in your daily life to reinforce your learning. Whether it's counting items, telling time, or discussing prices, the more you use Estonian numbers, the more comfortable you'll become.

Keep practicing, and soon enough, numbers will become second nature to you in Estonian!

Table of Contents - Standard Estonian Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Introduction to Estonian


Greetings and Introductions


Nouns and Pronouns


Numbers and Time


Verbs and Tenses


Daily Activities


Adjectives and Adverbs


Food and Dining


Estonian Traditions


Travel and Transportation


Prepositions and Conjunctions


At Home and Work


Estonian History


Negation and Questions


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



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