Difference between revisions of "Language/Sanskrit/Grammar/Negation"
m (Quick edit) |
|||
| (One intermediate revision by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 30: | Line 30: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| न चिन्तयते || na chintayate || not thinking | | न चिन्तयते || na chintayate || not thinking | ||
|- | |||
| न गच्छति || na gachchhati || not going | |||
|- | |||
| न सुखम् || na sukham || not happy | |||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 42: | Line 46: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| माहं वदिष्ये || maaham vadishye || I will not speak | | माहं वदिष्ये || maaham vadishye || I will not speak | ||
|- | |||
| मा श्रूयताम् || maa shrooyataam || May it not be heard | |||
|- | |||
| मा स्म गच्छ || maa sma gachchh || Don't go | |||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 52: | Line 60: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| न दृष्टः || na drishtaha || not seen | | न दृष्टः || na drishtaha || not seen | ||
|- | |||
| अपठितम् || apathitam || unread | |||
|- | |||
| अविदितः || aviditaha || unknown | |||
|} | |} | ||
== Negation with Compounds == | == Negation with Compounds == | ||
In Sanskrit, compounds can be used to negate entire sentences by adding the negative particle मा (ma) to a specific compound verb form. The appropriate compound verb form depends on the tense or mood of the sentence. Here are some examples illustrating this concept: | |||
Present Tense: मा वदति || maa vadati || Does not speak | |||
Future Tense: मा वक्ष्यति || maa vakshyati || Will not speak | |||
Past Tense: मा वदितवान् || maa vaditavaan || Did not speak | |||
Perfect Tense: मा वक्तव्यम् || maa vaktavyam || Should not have spoken | |||
Imperative Mood: मा वद || ma vad || Do not speak | |||
== Dialogue == | == Dialogue == | ||
Latest revision as of 20:12, 9 April 2023
Hi Sanskrit learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will learn about negation in Sanskrit. Negation is a crucial aspect of any language, and Sanskrit is no exception. We will explore how to use negation and how to negate different parts of the sentence. By the end of this lesson, you will have a good understanding of this important grammatical concept.
Let's get started!
Once you've mastered this lesson, take a look at these related pages: Give your Opinion, How to Use "Be", Gender & Plurals.
What is Negation?[edit | edit source]
Negation is a grammatical concept that is used to express negation or denial. In simple words, it is the opposite of affirmation. In Sanskrit, negation is expressed by the use of negative particles, and they can be used to negate different parts of a sentence.
Negation in Sanskrit[edit | edit source]
In Sanskrit, negation is expressed using negative particles. Some of the most commonly used negative particles in Sanskrit are न (na), मा (ma), and अ (a).
The particle न (na) is used to negate nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and adverbs. For example:
| Sanskrit | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| नरः | naraha | not a man |
| नास्ति | naasti | there is not |
| न चिन्तयते | na chintayate | not thinking |
| न गच्छति | na gachchhati | not going |
| न सुखम् | na sukham | not happy |
The particle मा (ma) is used to negate verbs in the present tense, future tense, and imperative mood. For example:
| Sanskrit | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| मा भूद् | maa bhood | Let it not be |
| मा चरिष्यति | maa charishyati | will not act |
| माहं वदिष्ये | maaham vadishye | I will not speak |
| मा श्रूयताम् | maa shrooyataam | May it not be heard |
| मा स्म गच्छ | maa sma gachchh | Don't go |
The particle अ (a) is used to negate the perfect tense and participle forms of verbs. For example:
| Sanskrit | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| न अश्नात् | na ashnaat | has not eaten |
| न दृष्टः | na drishtaha | not seen |
| अपठितम् | apathitam | unread |
| अविदितः | aviditaha | unknown |
Negation with Compounds[edit | edit source]
In Sanskrit, compounds can be used to negate entire sentences by adding the negative particle मा (ma) to a specific compound verb form. The appropriate compound verb form depends on the tense or mood of the sentence. Here are some examples illustrating this concept:
Present Tense: मा वदति || maa vadati || Does not speak Future Tense: मा वक्ष्यति || maa vakshyati || Will not speak Past Tense: मा वदितवान् || maa vaditavaan || Did not speak Perfect Tense: मा वक्तव्यम् || maa vaktavyam || Should not have spoken Imperative Mood: मा वद || ma vad || Do not speak
Dialogue[edit | edit source]
To understand better how negation works in Sanskrit, let's see a dialogue:
- Person 1: कः त्वं? (kah tvam?) (Who are you?)
- Person 2: अहं रामः न अस्ति । (aham raamah na asti) (I am not Ram.)
- Person 1: तव वस्त्रं सुन्दरं न अस्ति। (tava vastram sundaram na asti) (Your clothes are not beautiful.)
- Person 2: मा वद । (maa vad) (Do not speak.)
Summary[edit | edit source]
In this lesson, we learned about negation in Sanskrit. We learned about the different negative particles used in Sanskrit and how they are used to negate different parts of a sentence. We also learned how to form compounds to negate entire sentences. By now, you should have a good understanding of negation in Sanskrit.
To improve your Sanskrit Grammar, you can also use the Polyglot Club website. Find native speakers and ask them any questions!
Sources[edit | edit source]
Other Lessons[edit | edit source]
- How to Use Be
- Future Tense
- Conditional Mood
- Adjectives
- Gender
- How to Use Have
- Pronouns
- Plurals
- Give your Opinion
- Questions