Difference between revisions of "Language/Telugu/Culture/Festivals-and-Celebrations"

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Telugu → Culture → 0 to A1 Course → Festivals and Celebrations

In Telugu culture, festivals and celebrations play a significant role in bringing communities together, showcasing traditions, and expressing gratitude and joy. Each festival is a colorful tapestry woven with history, rituals, and regional variations, often celebrated with family gatherings, feasting, music, and dance. Understanding these festivals not only enhances your knowledge of the Telugu language but also deepens your appreciation of the rich cultural heritage of the Telugu people.

In this lesson, we will explore some of the major festivals celebrated in Telugu culture, such as Sankranti, Ugadi, and Diwali. We will delve into their significance, the customs associated with them, and how they are celebrated across the Telugu-speaking regions. By the end of this lesson, you will be equipped with the vocabulary and context to engage in conversations about these vibrant celebrations.

Importance of Festivals in Telugu Culture[edit | edit source]

Festivals in Telugu culture are not just events; they are the heart and soul of community life. They offer an opportunity for:

Cultural Expression: Festivals showcase various forms of art, music, and dance, reflecting the region's rich heritage.

Social Bonding: They strengthen family ties and community bonds, providing a platform for social interaction.

Spiritual Significance: Many festivals have deep-rooted spiritual meanings, often involving rituals and prayers.

Culinary Delights: Festivals are a time for special foods and sweets, bringing people together over shared meals.

Major Festivals in Telugu Culture[edit | edit source]

Let's explore some of the most celebrated festivals in Telugu culture.

Sankranti[edit | edit source]

Sankranti, also known as Makar Sankranti, is one of the most important harvest festivals in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. Celebrated in January, it marks the transition of the sun into the zodiac sign of Capricorn.

Significance: It signifies the end of winter and the beginning of longer days.

Customs:

Bonfires: People light bonfires to symbolize the sun’s return.

Rangoli: Colorful patterns made with colored powders are drawn at the entrance of homes.

Pongal: A special dish made of rice and jaggery is prepared and offered to the sun.

Telugu	Pronunciation	English
సంక్రాంతి	Sankrānti	Sankranti
మకర సంక్రాంతి	Makara Sankrānti	Makar Sankranti
పంగడాలు	Paṅgaḍālu	Bonfires
రంగోలి	Raṅgōli	Rangoli
పొంగల్	Pōṅgal	Pongal

Ugadi[edit | edit source]

Ugadi marks the Telugu New Year and is celebrated with great enthusiasm in the spring. It usually falls in March or April.

Significance: It symbolizes new beginnings and the arrival of spring.

Customs:

Ugadi Pachadi: A special dish made from jaggery, neem, and raw mango, representing the various flavors of life.

Decorations: Homes are decorated with mango leaves and flowers.

Puja: Families perform prayers for prosperity and well-being in the coming year.

Telugu	Pronunciation	English
ఉగాది	Ugādi	Ugadi
ఉగాది పచడి	Ugādi Pachadi	Ugadi Pachadi
పూజ	Pūja	Prayer
మామిడి	Māmiḍi	Mango
పచ్చి కూర	Pacci Kūra	Raw Dish

Diwali[edit | edit source]

Diwali, known as Deepavali in some regions, is celebrated as the festival of lights. Though it's a pan-Indian festival, it holds special significance in Telugu culture.

Significance: It symbolizes the victory of light over darkness and good over evil.

Customs:

Diyas: Oil lamps are lit to illuminate homes.

Sweets: Various sweets are prepared and shared among friends and family.

Fireworks: The night sky is lit up with fireworks, adding to the festive atmosphere.

Telugu	Pronunciation	English
దీపావళి	Dīpāvaḷi	Diwali
దీపాలు	Dīpālu	Diyas
మిఠాయిలు	Miṭhāyilu	Sweets
ఆకాశ దీపాలు	Ākāśa Dīpālu	Sky Lanterns
అగ్నిపండుగ	Agnipanḍuga	Fireworks

Other Notable Festivals[edit | edit source]

Beyond the major festivals, there are many regional and community-specific celebrations worth mentioning.

Karva Chauth[edit | edit source]

Celebrated predominantly by married women, Karva Chauth involves fasting from sunrise to moonrise for the well-being of their husbands.

Telugu	Pronunciation	English
కార్వా చౌత్	Kārvā Caut	Karva Chauth
ఉపవాసం	Upavāsaṁ	Fasting
చందమామ	Chandamāma	Moon

Dasara[edit | edit source]

Dasara, also known as Dussehra, celebrates the victory of Goddess Durga over the buffalo demon Mahishasura.

Telugu	Pronunciation	English
దసరా	Dasarā	Dasara
దుర్గమ్మ	Durgamma	Goddess Durga
మహిషాసుర	Mahiṣāsura	Mahishasura

Vocabulary Related to Festivals[edit | edit source]

Knowing vocabulary related to festivals enhances your ability to discuss and participate in celebrations.

Festival: పండుగు (Paṇḍugu)

Celebration: ఆనందం (Ānandaṁ)

Tradition: సంప్రదాయం (Sampraḍāyaṁ)

Family: కుటుంబం (Kuṭumbaṁ)

Joy: ఆనందం (Ānandaṁ)

Telugu	Pronunciation	English
పండుగు	Paṇḍugu	Festival
ఆనందం	Ānandaṁ	Celebration
సంప్రదాయం	Sampraḍāyaṁ	Tradition
కుటుంబం	Kuṭumbaṁ	Family
ఆనందం	Ānandaṁ	Joy

Exercises[edit | edit source]

To solidify your understanding of the festivals and celebrations in Telugu culture, here are some engaging exercises.

Exercise 1: Vocabulary Match[edit | edit source]

Match the Telugu words with their English meanings.

Telugu	English
సంక్రాంతి
ఉగాది
దీపావళి
పండుగు
ఆనందం

Solutions:

1. సంక్రాంతి - Sankranti

2. ఉగాది - Ugadi

3. దీపావళి - Diwali

4. పండుగు - Festival

5. ఆనందం - Celebration

Exercise 2: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Complete the sentences with the correct festival names.

1. ________ is celebrated as the festival of lights.

2. The dish ________ is prepared during Ugadi.

3. During ________, families light bonfires.

Solutions:

1. Diwali

2. Ugadi Pachadi

3. Sankranti

Exercise 3: Short Essay[edit | edit source]

Write a short essay about your favorite festival, including its significance and how you celebrate it. Use at least five Telugu words learned in this lesson.

Solution: Students' responses will vary but should include words such as పండుగు, ఆనందం, and the name of their favorite festival.

Exercise 4: Translation Practice[edit | edit source]

Translate the following sentences into Telugu.

1. "I celebrate Sankranti with my family."

2. "Ugadi is the New Year festival."

3. "Diwali brings joy and light."

Solutions:

1. "నేను సంక్రాంతిని నా కుటుంబంతో జరుపుకుంటాను." (Nēnu Sankrānti ni nā kuṭumbāṁ tō jarupukuntānu.)

2. "ఉగాది కొత్త సంవత్సర పండుగ." (Ugādi kotta saṁvatsara paṇḍuga.)

3. "దీపావళి ఆనందం మరియు వెలుగులను తీసుకువస్తుంది." (Dīpāvaḷi ānandaṁ mariyu velugulu ni tīsu kuvastundi.)

Exercise 5: Custom and Tradition Discussion[edit | edit source]

Discuss with a partner the customs associated with your favorite festival. What unique traditions does your family follow?

Solution: This exercise encourages conversation and sharing of personal experiences.

Exercise 6: Create a Festival Calendar[edit | edit source]

Design a simple calendar marking the important festivals celebrated in your region. Include their dates and significance.

Solution: Calendar should reflect personal knowledge or research about local festivals.

Exercise 7: Role Play[edit | edit source]

In pairs, role-play a family preparing for a festival. One person can be a parent, and the other a child. Discuss the preparations.

Solution: This exercise fosters speaking skills and creativity.

Exercise 8: Quiz Time[edit | edit source]

Take a short quiz on the festivals discussed in this lesson.

Sample Questions:

1. What is the significance of Ugadi?

2. Which dish is commonly prepared during Sankranti?

3. What do people light during Diwali?

Solutions:

1. Ugadi marks the New Year and new beginnings.

2. Pongal is commonly prepared during Sankranti.

3. Diyas are lit during Diwali.

Exercise 9: Research Project[edit | edit source]

Choose a lesser-known Telugu festival and research its significance, customs, and how it is celebrated. Present your findings to the class.

Solution: Students will present based on their research.

Exercise 10: Creative Writing[edit | edit source]

Write a story or poem about a festival you have attended. Use vivid descriptions to convey the emotions and atmosphere of the celebration.

Solution: Students will create original works based on their experiences.

As you explore Telugu festivals, you'll find that each celebration is a unique expression of cultural identity, rich with history and meaning. Engaging in these festivals provides a deeper connection to the language and the people who speak it.

Table of Contents - Telugu Course - 0 to A1[edit source]

Course Presentation

Introduction to Telugu Script

Basic Vocabulary

Basic Sentence Structure

Everyday Vocabulary

Nouns and Pronouns

Hobbies and Activities

Verbs and Tenses

Telugu Culture and Traditions

Videos[edit | edit source]

Top 9 Festivals Telugu People Celebrate | Telugola | Telugu ...[edit | edit source]

Bonalu Festival | Telugu People Celebrate Grandly @ Miami of ...[edit | edit source]

Sources[edit | edit source]

Telugu people - Wikipedia

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

◀️ Future Tense — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Food and Cuisine ▶️

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+<span pgnav>
+{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
+|[[Language/Telugu/Grammar/Future-Tense|◀️ Future Tense — Previous Lesson]]
+|[[Language/Telugu/Culture/Food-and-Cuisine|Next Lesson — Food and Cuisine ▶️]]
+|}
+</span>
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+<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Telugu|Telugu]]  → [[Language/Telugu/Culture|Culture]] → [[Language/Telugu/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Festivals and Celebrations</div>
-<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Telugu|Telugu]]  → [[Language/Telugu/Culture|Culture]] → [[Language/Telugu/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Telugu Culture and Traditions → Festivals and Celebrations</div>
+In Telugu culture, festivals and celebrations play a significant role in bringing communities together, showcasing traditions, and expressing gratitude and joy. Each festival is a colorful tapestry woven with history, rituals, and regional variations, often celebrated with family gatherings, feasting, music, and dance. Understanding these festivals not only enhances your knowledge of the Telugu language but also deepens your appreciation of the rich cultural heritage of the Telugu people.
+In this lesson, we will explore some of the major festivals celebrated in Telugu culture, such as '''Sankranti''', '''Ugadi''', and '''Diwali'''. We will delve into their significance, the customs associated with them, and how they are celebrated across the Telugu-speaking regions. By the end of this lesson, you will be equipped with the vocabulary and context to engage in conversations about these vibrant celebrations.
 __TOC__
-As a Telugu language teacher with over 20 years of experience, it brings me great joy to share with you the rich cultural traditions and vibrant festivals of Telugu-speaking people. In this lesson, we will explore some of the major festivals and celebrations in Telugu culture, including Sankranti, Ugadi, and Diwali. By learning about these cultural events, you will not only gain a deeper appreciation for Telugu culture, but also be better equipped to participate in these celebrations yourself. So let's dive in!
+=== Importance of Festivals in Telugu Culture ===
+Festivals in Telugu culture are not just events; they are the heart and soul of community life. They offer an opportunity for:
+* '''Cultural Expression''': Festivals showcase various forms of art, music, and dance, reflecting the region's rich heritage.
+* '''Social Bonding''': They strengthen family ties and community bonds, providing a platform for social interaction.
+* '''Spiritual Significance''': Many festivals have deep-rooted spiritual meanings, often involving rituals and prayers.
+* '''Culinary Delights''': Festivals are a time for special foods and sweets, bringing people together over shared meals.
+=== Major Festivals in Telugu Culture ===
+Let's explore some of the most celebrated festivals in Telugu culture.
+==== Sankranti ====
+Sankranti, also known as '''Makar Sankranti''', is one of the most important harvest festivals in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. Celebrated in January, it marks the transition of the sun into the zodiac sign of Capricorn.
+* '''Significance''': It signifies the end of winter and the beginning of longer days.
+* '''Customs''':
+* '''Bonfires''': People light bonfires to symbolize the sun’s return.
+* '''Rangoli''': Colorful patterns made with colored powders are drawn at the entrance of homes.
+* '''Pongal''': A special dish made of rice and jaggery is prepared and offered to the sun.
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Telugu !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| సంక్రాంతి || Sankrānti || Sankranti
+|-
+| మకర సంక్రాంతి || Makara Sankrānti || Makar Sankranti
+|-
+| పంగడాలు || Paṅgaḍālu || Bonfires
+|-
+| రంగోలి || Raṅgōli || Rangoli
+|-
+| పొంగల్ || Pōṅgal || Pongal
+|}
+==== Ugadi ====
+Ugadi marks the Telugu New Year and is celebrated with great enthusiasm in the spring. It usually falls in March or April.
+* '''Significance''': It symbolizes new beginnings and the arrival of spring.
+* '''Customs''':
+* '''Ugadi Pachadi''': A special dish made from jaggery, neem, and raw mango, representing the various flavors of life.
+* '''Decorations''': Homes are decorated with mango leaves and flowers.
+* '''Puja''': Families perform prayers for prosperity and well-being in the coming year.
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Telugu !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| ఉగాది || Ugādi || Ugadi
+|-
+| ఉగాది పచడి || Ugādi Pachadi || Ugadi Pachadi
+|-
+| పూజ || Pūja || Prayer
+|-
+| మామిడి || Māmiḍi || Mango
+|-
+| పచ్చి కూర || Pacci Kūra || Raw Dish
+|}
+==== Diwali ====
+Diwali, known as '''Deepavali''' in some regions, is celebrated as the festival of lights. Though it's a pan-Indian festival, it holds special significance in Telugu culture.
+* '''Significance''': It symbolizes the victory of light over darkness and good over evil.
+* '''Customs''':
-== Sankranti ==
+* '''Diyas''': Oil lamps are lit to illuminate homes.
-Sankranti is one of the most important and widely celebrated festivals in Telugu culture. Also known as Pongal, this festival marks the beginning of the harvest season and the transition of the sun into the zodiac sign of Capricorn. Sankranti typically falls in mid-January and is observed over a period of four days.
-=== Customs and Traditions ===
+* '''Sweets''': Various sweets are prepared and shared among friends and family.
-There are many customs and traditions associated with Sankranti. One of the most popular rituals is the preparation of a traditional sweet dish called "Pongal." This dish is made with boiled rice and lentils, and is typically garnished with nuts, raisins, and jaggery. Another important tradition is the decoration of houses and streets with rangoli designs made with colorful powders and flowers.
-=== Vocabulary ===
+* '''Fireworks''': The night sky is lit up with fireworks, adding to the festive atmosphere.
-Here are some Telugu words and phrases commonly used during Sankranti:
 {| class="wikitable"
 ! Telugu !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| దీపావళి || Dīpāvaḷi || Diwali
 |-
-| సంక్రాంతి (sankraanti) || sănkrānti || Sankranti
+| దీపాలు || Dīpālu || Diyas
 |-
-| పొంగల్ (pongal) || pŏngal || Pongal (sweet dish)
+| మిఠాయిలు || Miṭhāyilu || Sweets
 |-
-| రంగోలి (rangoli) || răngŏli || Rangoli (decorative design)
+| ఆకాశ దీపాలు || Ākāśa Dīpālu || Sky Lanterns
 |-
-| జగ్గెరి (jaggery) || jăggĕri || Jaggery (unrefined sugar)
+| అగ్నిపండుగ || Agnipanḍuga || Fireworks
 |}
-== Ugadi ==
+=== Other Notable Festivals ===
-Ugadi is the Telugu New Year's Day, which usually falls in late March or early April. This festival is celebrated to mark the beginning of a new year and the end of the previous year.
+Beyond the major festivals, there are many regional and community-specific celebrations worth mentioning.
-=== Customs and Traditions ===
+==== Karva Chauth ====
-Ugadi is a time for new beginnings and fresh starts. One of the most important customs is the preparation of a festive meal that includes traditional dishes like pulihora (tamarind rice) and bobbatlu (sweet stuffed flatbreads). Another important tradition is the decoration of houses with mango leaves and colorful flower garlands.
-=== Vocabulary ===
+Celebrated predominantly by married women, Karva Chauth involves fasting from sunrise to moonrise for the well-being of their husbands.
-Here are some Telugu words and phrases commonly used during Ugadi:
 {| class="wikitable"
 ! Telugu !! Pronunciation !! English
 |-
-| ఉగాది (ugādi) || ŭ-gādi || Ugadi
+| కార్వా చౌత్ || Kārvā Caut || Karva Chauth
 |-
-| పులిహోర (pulihora) || pŭlihōra || Tamarind rice
+| ఉపవాసం || Upavāsaṁ || Fasting
 |-
-| బొబ్బట్లు (bobbatlu) || bŏbbătlŭ || Sweet stuffed flatbreads
+| చందమామ || Chandamāma || Moon
+|}
+==== Dasara ====
+Dasara, also known as '''Dussehra''', celebrates the victory of Goddess Durga over the buffalo demon Mahishasura.
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Telugu !! Pronunciation !! English
 |-
-| మామిడి (māmidi) || māmidĭ || Mango
+| దసరా || Dasarā || Dasara
+|-
+| దుర్గమ్మ || Durgamma || Goddess Durga
+|-
+| మహిషాసుర || Mahiṣāsura || Mahishasura
 |}
-== Diwali ==
+=== Vocabulary Related to Festivals ===
-Diwali, also known as the "Festival of Lights," is one of the most widely celebrated festivals in India, including among Telugu-speaking communities. This festival usually falls in late October or early November and is celebrated over a period of five days.
+Knowing vocabulary related to festivals enhances your ability to discuss and participate in celebrations.
+* '''Festival''': పండుగు (Paṇḍugu)
+* '''Celebration''': ఆనందం (Ānandaṁ)
+* '''Tradition''': సంప్రదాయం (Sampraḍāyaṁ)
-=== Customs and Traditions ===
+* '''Family''': కుటుంబం (Kuṭumbaṁ)
-Diwali is a time for joy and togetherness. One of the most popular customs is the lighting of diyas (clay lamps) and candles, which are placed around the house and create a warm and festive atmosphere. Another important tradition is the exchange of sweets and gifts with family and friends.
-=== Vocabulary ===
+* '''Joy''': ఆనందం (Ānandaṁ)
-Here are some Telugu words and phrases commonly used during Diwali:
 {| class="wikitable"
 ! Telugu !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| పండుగు || Paṇḍugu || Festival
 |-
-| దీపావళి (dīpāvaḷi) || dē-pā-və-lē || Diwali
+| ఆనందం || Ānandaṁ || Celebration
 |-
-| దీయాలు (dīyālu) || dē-yā-lŭ || Clay lamps
+| సంప్రదాయం || Sampraḍāyaṁ || Tradition
 |-
-| పరంపరాగత (paramparāgat) || părămpărāgăt || Traditional
+| కుటుంబం || Kuṭumbaṁ || Family
 |-
-| చందమములు (chandamamulu) || chăndămămŭlŭ || Moon
+| ఆనందం || Ānandaṁ || Joy
 |}
-I hope this lesson has given you a glimpse into the rich cultural traditions and lively festivals of Telugu-speaking people. By participating in these events and learning about these customs, you can gain a deeper appreciation for Telugu culture and strengthen your connection with the Telugu-speaking community. Happy learning!
+=== Exercises ===
+To solidify your understanding of the festivals and celebrations in Telugu culture, here are some engaging exercises.
+==== Exercise 1: Vocabulary Match ====
+Match the Telugu words with their English meanings.
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Telugu !! English
+|-
+| సంక్రాంతి ||
+|-
+| ఉగాది ||
+|-
+| దీపావళి ||
+|-
+| పండుగు ||
+|-
+| ఆనందం ||
+|}
+* Solutions:
+. సంక్రాంతి - Sankranti
+. ఉగాది - Ugadi
+. దీపావళి - Diwali
+. పండుగు - Festival
+. ఆనందం - Celebration
+==== Exercise 2: Fill in the Blanks ====
+Complete the sentences with the correct festival names.
+. ________ is celebrated as the festival of lights.
+. The dish ________ is prepared during Ugadi.
+. During ________, families light bonfires.
+* Solutions:
+. Diwali
+. Ugadi Pachadi
+. Sankranti
+==== Exercise 3: Short Essay ====
+Write a short essay about your favorite festival, including its significance and how you celebrate it. Use at least five Telugu words learned in this lesson.
+* Solution: Students' responses will vary but should include words such as పండుగు, ఆనందం, and the name of their favorite festival.
+==== Exercise 4: Translation Practice ====
+Translate the following sentences into Telugu.
+. "I celebrate Sankranti with my family."
+. "Ugadi is the New Year festival."
+. "Diwali brings joy and light."
+* Solutions:
+. "నేను సంక్రాంతిని నా కుటుంబంతో జరుపుకుంటాను." (Nēnu Sankrānti ni nā kuṭumbāṁ tō jarupukuntānu.)
+. "ఉగాది కొత్త సంవత్సర పండుగ." (Ugādi kotta saṁvatsara paṇḍuga.)
+. "దీపావళి ఆనందం మరియు వెలుగులను తీసుకువస్తుంది." (Dīpāvaḷi ānandaṁ mariyu velugulu ni tīsu kuvastundi.)
+==== Exercise 5: Custom and Tradition Discussion ====
+Discuss with a partner the customs associated with your favorite festival. What unique traditions does your family follow?
+* Solution: This exercise encourages conversation and sharing of personal experiences.
+==== Exercise 6: Create a Festival Calendar ====
+Design a simple calendar marking the important festivals celebrated in your region. Include their dates and significance.
+* Solution: Calendar should reflect personal knowledge or research about local festivals.
+==== Exercise 7: Role Play ====
+In pairs, role-play a family preparing for a festival. One person can be a parent, and the other a child. Discuss the preparations.
+* Solution: This exercise fosters speaking skills and creativity.
+==== Exercise 8: Quiz Time ====
+Take a short quiz on the festivals discussed in this lesson.
+* Sample Questions:
+. What is the significance of Ugadi?
+. Which dish is commonly prepared during Sankranti?
+. What do people light during Diwali?
+* Solutions:
+. Ugadi marks the New Year and new beginnings.
+. Pongal is commonly prepared during Sankranti.
+. Diyas are lit during Diwali.
+==== Exercise 9: Research Project ====
+Choose a lesser-known Telugu festival and research its significance, customs, and how it is celebrated. Present your findings to the class.
+* Solution: Students will present based on their research.
+==== Exercise 10: Creative Writing ====
+Write a story or poem about a festival you have attended. Use vivid descriptions to convey the emotions and atmosphere of the celebration.
+* Solution: Students will create original works based on their experiences.
+As you explore Telugu festivals, you'll find that each celebration is a unique expression of cultural identity, rich with history and meaning. Engaging in these festivals provides a deeper connection to the language and the people who speak it.
 {{#seo:
-|title=Telugu Culture and Traditions: Festivals and Celebrations
-|keywords=Telugu culture, Telugu traditions, Telugu festivals, Sankranti, Ugadi, Diwali, Telugu-speaking community
+|title=Understanding Telugu Festivals and Celebrations
-|description=In this Telugu lesson, you will learn about the major festivals and celebrations in Telugu culture, including Sankranti, Ugadi, and Diwali. Discover the customs, traditions, and vocabulary associated with these cultural events.
+|keywords=Telugu culture, festivals, celebrations, Sankranti, Ugadi, Diwali
+|description=In this lesson, you will learn about the major festivals in Telugu culture, their significance, customs, and vocabulary to engage in conversations about these vibrant celebrations.
 }}
-{{Telugu-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
+{{Template:Telugu-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
 [[Category:Course]]
@@ Line 85: / Line 397: @@
 [[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
 [[Category:Telugu-0-to-A1-Course]]
-<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo></span> <span temperature=1></span>
+<span openai_correct_model></span> <span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-4o-mini></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
 ==Videos==
@@ Line 99: / Line 408: @@
-==Related Lessons==
+==Sources==
+* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telugu_people Telugu people - Wikipedia]
+==Other Lessons==
 * [[Language/Telugu/Culture/Arts-and-Entertainment|Arts and Entertainment]]
 * [[Language/Telugu/Culture/Telugu-Architecture|Telugu Architecture]]
@@ Line 112: / Line 427: @@
-<span class='maj'></span>
-==Sources==
-* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telugu_people Telugu people - Wikipedia]
 {{Telugu-Page-Bottom}}
+<span pgnav>
+{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
+|[[Language/Telugu/Grammar/Future-Tense|◀️ Future Tense — Previous Lesson]]
+|[[Language/Telugu/Culture/Food-and-Cuisine|Next Lesson — Food and Cuisine ▶️]]
+|}
+</span>